20201025 Ver 2_Modification Request_20210614

Staff Review Form
Updated September 4, 2020
Staff Review
Does this application have all the attachments needed to accept it into the review process?*
6* Yes r No
ID#* Version* 2
20201025
Is this project a public transportation project?*
r Yes
r No
Reviewer List:* Sue Homewood:eads\slhomewood
Select Reviewing Office:*
Winston-Salem Regional Office - [phone]
Does this project require a request for payment to be sent?*
Yes
r
No
How much is
owed?*
r $240.00
r $570.00

Project Submittal Form
Please note: fields marked with a red asterisk * below are required. You will not be able to submit the form until all
mandatory questions are answered.
Project Type:*
✓ For the Record Only (Courtesy Copy)
✓ New Project
✓ Modification/New Project with Existing ID
✓ More Information Response
✓ Other Agency Comments
✓ Pre -Application Submittal
✓ Re-Issuance\Renewal Request
✓ Stream or Buffer Appeal
Pre -Filing Meeting Information
Before submitting this form please ensure you have submitted the Pre -Filing Meeting Request Form as we will not
be able to accept your application without this important first step. The Pre -Filing Meeting Request Form is used in
accordance with 40 C.F.R. Section 121.4(a) "At least 30 days prior to submitting a certification request, the project
proponent shall request a pre -filing meeting with the certifying agency" and in accordance with 40 C.F.R. Section
121.5(b)(7), and (c)(5) all certification requests shall include documentation that a pre -filing meeting request was
submitted to the certifying authority at least 30 days prior to submitting the certification request. Click here to read
more information on when this form is needed prior to application submission or here to view the form.
Attach documentation of Pre -Filing Meeting Request here:
30-day clock ended 5.20.21.pdf
Date for Meeting Request 5/4/2021
ID# 20201025 Version 2
Project Contact Information
Name: Tyson Kurtz
who is submitting the inforrration?
Email Address: [e-mail]
Project Information
Existing ID #:
20201025
20170001 (no dashes)
Project Name: 011is Waste Area Expansion
Is this a public transportation project?
r Yes
a No
138.18KB
Existing Version:
2
Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)?
r Yes r No r Unknown
County (ies)

Avery
Please upload all files that need to be submited.
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
671 IP Application - Resubmitted 6.14.21.pdf 29.26MB
Only pdf or krrz files are accepted.
Describe the attachments
or comments:
Re -submittal of Individual 401/404 Permit request. Original application was denied by DWR due to lack of
permitting mechanism for proposed wetland impacts. New temporary regulations provide possibility to permit
all proposed impacts. A mitigation acceptance letter was submitted to NC DMS on June 14, 2021. The letter
will be forwarded to Sue Homewood and Amanda Jones-Fuemmeler when issued.
Sign and Submit
fJ By checking the box and signing box below, I certify that:
• I, the project proponent, hereby certifies that all information contained herein is true, accurate, and complete to
the best of my knowledge and belief.
• I, the project proponent, hereby requests that the certifying authority review and take action on this CWA 401
certification request within the applicable reasonable period of time.
• I agree that submission of this online form is a "transaction" subject to Chapter 66, Article 40 of the NC General
Statutes (the "Uniform Electronic Transactions Act");
• I agree to conduct this transaction by electronic means pursuant to Chapter 66, Article 40 of the NC General
Statutes (the "Uniform Electronic Transactions Act");
• I understand that an electronic signature has the same legal effect and can be enforced in the same way as a
written signature; AND
• I intend to electronically sign and submit the online form.
Signature:
Submittal Date: Is filled in autonatically.

Tyson Kurtz
From:
Sent:
To:
Cc:
Subject:
Attachments:
Follow Up Flag:
Flag Status:
[e-mail]
Thursday, May 20, 2021 12:00 AM
Tyson Kurtz
[e-mail]
Pre -Filing Time Clock has been reached for 011is Waste Area Expansion - 20201025 Ver 2
DWR Pre -Filing Meeting Request Form.pdf
Follow up
Flagged
The North Carolina Division of Water Resources has received the Pre -Filing Meeting Request Form for 011is Waste Area
Expansion that you submitted on 4/19/2021. The ID number for that project is 20201025, Version 2.
Your Pre -Filing Meeting Request has now reached the 30 calendar days' requirement and your application can now be
accepted.
When you submit your application please upload a copy of the attached document in this email.
This email was automatically generated by Laserfiche workflow. Please do not respond to this email address, as
responses are not monitored.
Internal Use only: Non Transportation
i

Water
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
www.cwenv.com
June 14, 2021
Mrs. Amanda Fuemmeler
US Army Corps of Engineers
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
Mr. Paul Wojoski
NC DWR, 401 Permitting & Buffer Unit
512 N. Salisbury Street, 9th Floor
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
RE: Sibelco North America, Inc.
011is Waste Area Expansion
Action ID: SAW-2011-01762 / DWR Project No. 20201025
Avery County, North Carolina
Mrs. Feummeler and Mr. Wojoski,
The attached Individual Permit (IP) application is being re -submitted on behalf of Sibelco North
America, Inc. (Sibelco) represented by Mr. Jeffrey Ferguson. The original IP was submitted on
August 7, 2020 in which Sibelco sought permit authorization for impacts associated with
expansion of the 011is Waste Area in Avery County, North Carolina.
The original IP application was denied by NC Division of Water Resources (DWR) on February
2, 2021, for proposed impacts to non-404 regulated wetlands that could not be authorizaed by NC
DWR based on a lack of a permitting mechanism caused by recent changes to federal Clean Water
Act jurisdiction.
Since the denial, temporary rules 15A NCAC 02H Section .1400 went into effect on May 28, 2021.
The temporary rule provides a permitting mechanism for DWR to authorize wetland impacts to all
non-404 regulated wetlands. As a result, this IP is being resubmitted now that all proposed impacts
have the potential to be authorized by the US Army Corps of Engineers or NC DWR.
To maintain consistency with the original submission while addressing critical updates, the
enclosed resubmittal contains the following revisions in sequential order:
• ORM Sheet: Updated to most recent format and omitted JD Request.
• Cover Page: Updated date and address of ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
• Page iii: Updated List of Appendices (revised Appendix A title and added Appendix F)
• Page 2: Text and table relating to the AJD request being issued was updated.
145 7' Avenue West, Suite B
Hendersonville, NC 28792
828-698-9800 Tel

011is Waste Area Expansion / Action ID: SAW-2011-01762 /DWR Project No. 20201025
Page 2 of 2
June 14, 2021
• Page 12: The date of the NC DMS acceptance letter has been omitted.
• Figure 5: Revised to change the incorrect labeling of S4 on Stream Impact 1, as indicated
on the September 23, 2020 comment received by NC DWR.
• Appendix A: Substitution of the AJD request with AJD issued January 8, 2021.
• Appendix D: A new Mitigation Acceptance Letter has been requested from NC Department
of Mitigation Services. A blank space has been left for the approval letter that will be
forwarded when issued.
• Appendix F: Added to include comments received during the original public notice period
and the associated responses.
Should you have any questions regarding the attached IP request resubmittal please do not hesitate
to contact me at 828-698-9800. A copy of this application has also been submitted to the NC
Division of Water Quality, Winston Salem Regional Office.
Respectfully,
Tyson Kurtz
Project Biologist
R. Clement Riddle, P.W.S.
Principal
Copy Furnished:
NC Division of Water Quality; Winston Salem Regional Office — Sue Homewood

Preliminary Data Entry Fields for New Actions
SAW — 2019 - 1042
1.
Project Name: 011is Waste Area Expansion
2. Work Type: Private n Institutional n Government n Commercial n
3. Project Description / Purpose:
The proposed project includes the expansion of the 011is Waste Area to receive quartz processing
tailings.
4. Property Owner / Applicant:
Sibelco North America, Inc.
5. Agent / Consultant: Clearwater Environmental Consultants
6. Related Action ID Number(s): SAW-2011-01762
7. Project Location - Coordinates, Street Address, and/or Location Description:
35.952972 N;-81.983778 W Off Brushy Creek Road near Spruce Pine, NC
8. Project Location - Tax Parcel ID: 181100567006
9. Project Location — County: Avery
10. Project Location — Nearest Municipality or Town : Spruce Pine
11. Project Information — Nearest Waterbody: Brushy Creek
12. Watershed / 8-Digit Hydrologic Unit Code:
Authorization:
Regulatory Action Type:
6010108 French Broad
Section 10 n Section 404 n Section 10 & 404 n
Standard Permit
Nationwide Permit #
n Regional General Permit #
n Jurisdictional Determination Request
Pre -Application Request
Unauthorized Activity
n Compliance
n No Permit Required
Revised 20210513

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
APPLICATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT
L33 CFR 325)
OMB APPROVAL NO. 0710-0003
EXPIRES: 31 AUGUST 2012
Public reporting for this collection of information is estimated to average 11 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching
existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding
this burden estimate or any other aspect of the collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Department of Defense,
Washington Headquarters, Executive Services and Communications Directorate, Information Management Division and to the Office of Management and
Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0710-0003). Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be
subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. Please DO NOT
RETURN your farm to either of those addresses. Completed applications must be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction over the location of
the proposed activity.
PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT
Authorities: Rivers and Harbors Act, Section 10, 33 USC 403; Clean Water Act, Section 404, 33 USC 1344; Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries
Act, Section 103, 33 USC 1413; Regulatory Programs of the Corps of Engineers; Final Rule 33 CFR 320-332. Principal Purpose: Information provided on
this form will be used in evaluating the application for a permit. Routine Uses: This information may be shared with the Department of Justice and other
federal, state, and local government agencies, and the public and may be made available as pars of a public notice as required by Federal law. Submission
of requested information is voluntary, however, if information is not provided the permit application cannot be evaluated nor can a permit be issued. One set
of original drawings or good reproducible copies which show the location and character of the proposed activity must be attached to this application (see
sample drawings and/or instructions) and be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction over the location of the proposed activity. An application
that is not completed in full will be returned.
(ITEMS 1 THRU 4 TO BE FILLED BY THE CORPS)
1. APPLICATION NO.
2. FIELD OFFICE CODE
3. DATE RECEIVED
4. DATE APPLICATION COMPLETE
(ITEMS BELOW TO BE FILLED BYAPPLICAN7)
5. APPLICANTS NAME
First - Jeffrey Middle - Scott Last - Ferguson
Company - Sibelco North America, Inc.
E-mail Address - [e-mail]
8. AUTHORIZED AGENTS NAME AND TITLE (agent is not required)
First - Rutledge Middle -Clement Last - Riddle
Company - ClearWater Environmental Consultants Inc.
E-mail Address [e-mail]
6. APPLICANTS ADDRESS:
Address- 136 Crystal Drive
City - Spruce Pine State - NC Zip - 28777 Country -USA
9. AGENTS ADDRESS:
Address- 32 Clayton Street
City - Asheville State - NC Zip - 28801 Country -USA
7. APPLICANTS PHONE NOs. w/AREA CODE
a. Residence b. Business c. Fax
828-765-1114 X1602
10. AGENTS PHONE NOs. w/AREA CODE
a. Residence b. Business c. Fax
[phone]
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION
11. l hereby authorize, Clear Water Env. Consultants to act in my behalf as
my agent in the processing of this application
5/2020
aiDATE
and to furnish, upon request,
supplemental information in support of this
permit application. .�-
S� �r
S U E O PLICANT DATE
NAME, LOCATION, AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT OR ACTIVITY
12. PROJECT NAME OR TITLE (see instructions)
Sibelco- 011is Waste Area Expansion
13. NAME OF WATERBODY, IF KNOWN (if applicable)
Brushy Creek
14. PROJECT STREET ADDRESS (if applicable)
Address Brushy Creek Rd
City Spruce Pine State- NC Zip- 28777
15. LOCATION OF PROJECT
Latitude: oN 35.952972 Longitude:.,w-81.983778
16. OTHER LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS, IF KNOWN (see instructions)
State Tax Parcel ID N/A Municipality
Section - Township - Range -
ENG FORM 4345, OCT 2010
EDITION OF OCT 2004 IS OBSOLETE
Proponent: CECW-OR

17. DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE
From Asheville, follow I-26 Westbound/US19N for 18 miles, take exit 9 for US 19 N Toward Burnsville. Follow US 19 for approximately
11 miles. The road becomes US 19E-N, and continue for another 24 miles. Turn Right onto State Rd 1101/Brush CreekRd. and continue for
about I mile. The site will be on the left side.
18. Nature of Activity (Description of project, include all features)
See Attached
19. Project Purpose (Describe the reason or purpose of the project, see instructions)
See Attached
USE BLOCKS 20-23 IF DREDGED AND/OR FILL MATERIAL IS TO BE DISCHARGED
20. Reason(s) for Discharge
See Attached
21. Type(s) of Material Being Discharged and the Amount of Each Type in Cubic Yards:
Type Type Type
Amount in Cubic Yards Amount in Cubic Yards Amount in Cubic Yards
2298 cubic yards of quartz processing tailing
22. Surface Area in Acres of Wetlands or Other Waters Filled (see instructions)
Acres 0.274 Acres Wetlands
or
Linear Feet 347 LF Stream
23. Description of Avoidance, Minimization, and Compensation (see instructions)
See Attached
ENG FORM 4345, OCT 2010

24. Is Any Portion of the Work Already Complete? ❑Yes No IF YES, DESCRIBE THE COMPLETED WORK
25. Addresses of Adjoining Property Owners, Lessees, Etc., Whose Property Adjoins the Waterbody (if more than can be entered here, please attach a supplemental list).
a. Address- See Attached
City - State - Zip -
b. Address -
City - State - Zip -
c. Address -
City - State - Zip -
d. Address -
City - State - Zip -
e. Address -
City - State - Zip -
26. List of Other Certificates or Approvals/Denials received from other Federal, State, or Local Agencies for Work Described in This Application.
AGENCY TYPE APPROVAL* IDENTIFICATION DATE APPLIED DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED
NUMBER
NC DWR 401 Certification
NC DEMLR Erosion and Sediment
NC DEMLR ' . NPDES Stormwater
* Would include but is not restricted to zoning, building, and flood plain permits
27. Application is hereby made for permit or permits to authorize the work described in this application. I certify that this information in this application is
complete and accurate. I further certify that I possess the authority to undertake the work des • 'bed herein or am acting as the duly authorized agent of the
applicant.
i. �. 2020-08-05 ,. Il►-/'�g4i 1 2
GRE
PLICANT DATE SIGNATURE •F AGENT DATE
The Application must be signed by the person who desires to undertake the proposed activity (applicant) or it may be signed by a duly
authorized agent if the statement in block 11 has been filled out and signed.
18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that: Whoever, in any manner within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States
knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals, or covers up any trick, scheme, or disguises a material fact or makes any false, fictitious or
fraudulent statements or representations or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing same to contain any false, fictitious or
fraudulent statements or entry, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years or both.
ENG FORM 4345, OCT 2010

Sibelco North America, Inc. - 011is Waste Area Expansion
Drawn by: AKT 7.14.2020; CEC Project# 671
Avery County,
North Carolina
CLearWaker
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Adjacent Parcel Map

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PITTMAN, GEORGE E &
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AVERY COUNTY AIRPORT
AUTHORITY C/O SAM
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FORBES, DANIEL & FORBES,
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Individual Permit Application for U.S. Army
Corps of
Engineers Section 404 Permit
and
North Carolina 401 Water Quality Certification
June 14, 2021
Applicant:
Sibelco North America, Inc
Attn: Jeff Ferguson
136 Crystal Drive
Spruce Pine, NC 28777 USA
Prepared by:
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
145 7' Avenue W; Suite B
Hendersonville, NC 28792
828-698-9800
i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT 1
1.1 Project Location 1
1.2 Jurisdictional Waters 1
2.0 BACKGROUND 2
2.1 Prior Project History 2
3.0 EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS 3
3.1 Natural Community Types 3
3.2 Water Resources 3
3.3 Geology and Soils 3
3.4 Fish and Wildlife Use of the Project Site 3
3.5 Threatened and Endangered Species 3
4.0 PROJECT PURPOSE 5
5.0 PROPOSED PROJECT 6
5.1 Mine Pit Expansion 6
6.0 DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVES 7
6.1 Avoidance 8
6.2 Minimization 8
6.3 On -Site Alternative 8
6.4 Alternative Locations 8
6.5 Utilize other Sibelco Infrastructure 10
6.6 Alternatives Summary 11
7.0 CONCEPTUAL MITIGATION PLAN 12
7.1 NC Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS) 12
7.2 Summary 12
8.0 US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 404(b)(1) GUIDELINES 12
8.1 Factual Determination 13
8.2 Potential Impacts on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Aquatic Ecosystem 13
8.3 Potential Impacts to Biological Characteristics of the Ecosystem 14
8.4 Potential Impacts on Special Aquatic Sites 15
8.5 Potential Effects on Human Use Characteristics 16
8.6 Summary 17
9.0 PUBLIC INTEREST CONSIDERATIONS 18
9.1 Conservation 18
9.2 Economics 18
9.3 Aesthetics 18
9.4 General Environmental Concerns 18
9.5 Wetlands 19
9.6 Historic Properties 19
9.7 Fish and Wildlife Values 19
9.8 Flood Hazards 19
9.9 Floodplain Values 19
9.10 Land Use 19
9.11 Navigation 19
9.12 Shore Erosion and Accretion 20
9.13 Recreation 20
9.14 Water Supply and Conservation 20
9.15 Water Quality (Stormwater Management) 20
9.16 Energy Needs 20
9.17 Safety 20
9.18 Food and Fiber Production 20
9.19 Mineral Needs 20
9.20 Considerations of Property Ownership 20
9.21 Needs and Welfare of the Public 21
10.0 SECONDARY AND CUMULATIVE EFFECTS 22
11.0 SUMMARY 23
ii

LIST OF FIGURES
1. Vicinity Map
2. USGS Topographic Map
3. Aerial Imagery NCCGIA 2018
4. USDA Soils Map
5. Impact Map
5a. Onsite Alternative
6. Alternatives Map
6a. Alternative 1
6b. Alternative 2
6c. Alternative 3
7 FEMA Floodplain map
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
LIST OF APPENDICES
Approved Jurisdictional Determination
Threatened and Endangered Species Report
NC SAM and NC WAM Forms
DMS Acceptance Letter
Stormwater Pond Construction Specifications
Comments Received and Responses (post August 7, 2020 submittal)
iii

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
Sibelco North America, Inc (Sibelco) proposes to impact stream channels and wetlands to
facilitate the expansion of an existing waste area at the Brushy Creek Mine. The project, known
as the 011is Waste Area Expansion, will impact streams and wetlands through excavation and fill
within the proposed expansion boundary. The 011is Waste Area Expansion will receive tailings
from the Schoolhouse quartz processing plant located west of Highway 19E.
1.1
Project Location
The 011is Waste Area Expansion is located northeast of downtown Spruce Pine in Avery
County, North Carolina. To access the site from Asheville, take US Highway 19/23 North
(Future I-26) to Exit 9 (US Highway 19). Continue on US Highway 19 East past Spruce
Pine and turn right onto Brushy Creek Road. The mine and project site are located north
of Brushy Creek Road near the Avery County Airport. A site vicinity map and USGS
topographic map are attached for review (Figures 1 and 2).
1.2 Jurisdictional Waters
Streams within the project boundary include unnamed tributaries to Brushy Creek which
is a tributary to the North Toe River. The North Toe River flows into the Nolichucky
River, which is a tributary to the French Broad River. The French Broad River is a
navigable -in -fact water at the Wilson Bridge southeast of Brevard. The unnamed
tributaries are classified by the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) as class "C, Tr"
waters. Section 3.2 further describes the jurisdictional waters on site.
There are sixteen wetlands and four streams located within the project boundary that
make up the quantity of jurisdictional waters:
Table 1. Jurisdictional Waters within the
011is Waste Area Expansion Project
Feature
Amount
Unit
Stream
957
linear feet
Wetlands
0.328
acres
Open Water
0
acres
1

2.0 BACKGROUND
The Spruce Pine mining district is known to contain deposits of gems and minerals, and some of
the purest quartz deposits known in the world. Small mines produced gemstones, kaolin, feldspar,
quartz, and mica in the late 1880's and early 1900's. Gemstone mining proved unsustainable, and
the move away from mica -based electrical conductors to quartz -based semiconductors caused
many small mines to close. Development of the railroad caused the town of Spruce Pine to grow
and become the industrial center of the county, as well as, open the area to large-scale mining
operations. Mineral resources currently mined in this district include mica, feldspar, and quartz.
Mica, to a much smaller extent, is also still mined. Two mining companies in Spruce Pine
(Sibelco North America, Inc. and The Quartz Corporation) supply the majority of the world's
high purity quartz market which is used for solar, semiconductor and fiber optic markets.
2.1 Prior Project History
ClearWater Environmental (CEC) delineated the project area on March 21, 2019 and
submitted a Jurisdictional Determination Request to the US Army Corps of Engineers
(Corps) on June 10, 2019. The Corps issued a "Notification of Jurisdictional
Determination" (JD) on November 6, 2019 (Action ID 2019-01042). In response to
changes to the Clean Water Act in June 2020 that affect the jurisdiction of multiple
wetlands present within the project boundary, a revised AJD was issued on January 8,
2021 (Appendix A).
Table 1 Re2ulatory History
Action ID
Date
Type
Impact
Location
SAW-2011-
01762
September 27,
2011 Amended
November 2, 2012
Jurisdictional
Determination
n/a
West School
House Mine
DWR# 2012-
0632
October 20, 2012
Water Quality
Certification
1,376 LF
Stream-
Permanent
West School
House Mine
SAW-2011-
01762
October 31, 2012
404 Individual Permit
1,376 LF
Stream-
Permanent
West School
House Mine
Action ID:
2019-01042Determination
November 6, 2019
Jurisdictional
n/a
011is Waste
Area Expansion
Action ID:
2019-01042
January 8, 2021
Approved
Jurisdictional
Determination
n/a
011is Waste
Area Expansion
2

3.0 EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS
The project site consists of an operational mine, a reclaimed mine, and forested areas. The
existing mine and forested areas can be observed in the aerial imagery (Figure 3). The
surrounding land uses are rural residential and forested. The site is relatively steep with elevations
ranging from 2,796 feet to 3,052 feet above mean sea level (MSL).
3.1 Natural Community Types
The project site consists of an inactive mine and surrounding forested areas. Natural
communities observed on site include rich mountain cove forest, white pine forest,
riparian wetland, basin wetland, and primary succession ruderal areas. These habitats are
varied and contains mesophytic and hydrophytic species. CEC conducted a threatened
and endangered species survey and habitat assessment on January 23, 2020. This report is
included as Appendix B. Threatened and endangered species findings are also described
in Section 3.5.
3.2 Water Resources
Freshwater habitats include the streambeds and banks of unnamed tributaries to Brushy
Creek, and wetlands. There are approximately 957 linear feet of stream channel within
the project boundary. In general, these tributaries flow north to south and eventually into
Brushy Creek and the North Toe River. There are approximately 0.328 acres of wetlands
within the project area. Streams and wetlands within the project boundary are bordered
by riparian forest. CEC used the North Carolina Stream Assessment Method (NCSAM)
and the North Carolina Wetland Assessment Method (NCWAM) to evaluate the quality
of water resources on site. The results indicated that stream ratings ranged from low to
medium to high and wetlands had both low and high ratings. Data forms for the NCSAM
and NCWAM evaluations are included in Appendix C.
3.3 Geologv and Soils
The 011is Waste Area Expansion site is located within the Mountain physiographic region
of North Carolina and more specifically the Southern Crystalline Ridges and Mountains
Ecoregion. The underlying geology is mapped as "Dqd- Quartz diorite to granodiorite"
on the 1985 USGS Geologic Map of North Carolina. The underlying geology dates from
the Devonian period (approximately 390 MYA), and contains biotite, muscovite, and
xenocrysts. Soil series present on site include: Chandler-Micaville complex, Cullowhee
loam, Pits/Quarries, Udorthents urban land complex, and Watauga sandy loam complex.
A soils map and legend have been attached for review (Figure 4).
3.4 Fish and Wildlife Use of the Project Site
It is assumed that wildlife species inhabiting the site include those typically found in the
forest types of the region previously described above. The project site has active mining
operations to the west of the project area, while the north, south, and east are primarily
forested. Although site -specific studies documenting species utilization of the 011is
Waste Area Expansion project area have not been conducted, general observations of
wildlife use were recorded during site visits.
3.5 Threatened and Endangered Species
CEC has conducted a file review of records maintained by the US Fish and Wildlife
Service (USFWS) and North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP). The desktop
literature survey involved a review of FWS list of protected species in Avery County, and
a query of the NHP database for current and historic occurrences of listed species within
3

a mile of the project area. CEC conducted a protected species survey and potential habitat
assessment on January 23, 2020 within the 56-acre project area. During this assessment
CEC observed suitable habitat for the northern long-eared bat. It is the opinion of CEC that
federally protected species are not likely to be present within the project boundary. As such,
the 011is Waste Area Expansion is not likely to cause an adverse impact to any federally
threatened or endangered species or their critical habitat.
The USFWS lists 13 federally protected species in Avery County. (Table 2). CEC
consulted the USFWS Northern Long -Eared Bat (NLEB) Consultation Areas Map for
Avery County. (Appendix B). While the site is not located in a watershed with known
NLEB Maternity Trees or Hibernation Sites, the project area is approximately one mile
west of a known watershed, and less than five miles from two other known watersheds to
the north and north east of the site. Suitable habitat for the NLEB does occur within the
project area.
Table 2 Federally Threatened and Endangered Species of Avery Coun
Common Name
Scientific Name
Protection Status
Bald eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
BGPA
Bog Turtle
Glyptemys muhlenburgii
T (S/A)
Carolina northern flying
squirrel
Glaucomys sabrinus
coloratus
E
Gray bat
Myotis grisescens
E
Northern long-eared bat
Myotis septentrionalis
T
Virginia big -eared bat
Corynorhinus townsendii
virginianus
E
Rusty -patched bumble bee
Bombus affinis
E
Spruce -fir moss spider
Microhexura motivaga
E
Blue Ridge foldenrod
Solidago spithamaea
T
Heller's blazing star
Liatris helleri
T
Roan mountain bluet
Hedyotis purpurea var
montana
E
Spreading avens
Geum radiatum
E
Rock gnome lichen
Gymnoderma lineare
E
BGPA: Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act E: endangered, T: threatened T(S/A):
threatened due to similarity of appearance
The NCNHP database identifies two element occurrences of significantly rare species
and two managed areas within a one -mile radius of the project area but does not list any
federally protected threatened or endangered species in that vicinity. (Appendix B)
4

4.0 PROJECT PURPOSE
The basic project purpose of the proposed project is to mine and process quartz. More
specifically, the overall project purpose of the proposed project is to expand existing areas for the
disposal of mining waste including quartz processing tailings so mining of quartz can continue.
5

5.0 PROPOSED PROJECT
The applicant proposes to permanently impact 347 linear feet of stream channel and
0.274 acres of wetlands to continue mining and processing quartz. The proposed project
includes the expansion of the 011is Waste Area to receive quartz processing tailings.
Impacts have been identified on the site plans, which are enclosed for review (Figure 5).
5.1 Mine Pit Expansion
The proposed stream and wetland impacts will allow for expansion of the existing mine
pit and provide a location to dispose of approximately 3 3 million tons of mining tailing
produced by the Brushy Creek Mine facility. The waste area expansion would allow
approximately 17.3 years of additional capacity for the operation of the Brushy Creek
Mine by providing a location to dispose of mining waste material, referred to here as
"tailings." The mining waste material will consist of a mixture of feldspar sand with
tailings consisting primarily of clays, sand and mica. Additionally, this material has a
relatively high initial moisture content (>20%). As such, after the tailings are loaded and
transported to the dump they must be allowed to dry through a combination of
mechanical mixing and exposure to the atmosphere. Once suitably dry, the material is
spread into 8 to 10-inch lifts. These lifts are then mechanically compacted to a minimum
of 95% of the Standard Proctor maximum dry density. Below is a summary of the
proposed stream and wetland impacts.
Table 3 Stream Impacts
Impact
Number
Length
1 (S4)
197 LF
2 (S3 Reach 1)
150 LF
Total
347 LF
Table 4 Wetland Impacts
Impact
Number
Area
AC
1 (W2)
0.049
2 (W16)
0.035
3 (W 17)
0.190
Total
0.274 AC
6

6.0 DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVES
This discussion of alternatives is submitted by the applicant to assist the Wilmington District,
Corps in evaluating the application for authorization to discharge dredged or fill material into
waters of the United States, including wetlands, under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, 33
U.S.C. § 1344 at the 011is Waste Area Expansion project.
An analysis of the Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines (Guidelines) requirements for consideration of
alternatives as required by 40 C.F.R. 230.10(a) is set forth below.
The Guidelines' alternatives requirements provide that "no discharge of dredged or fill material
shall be permitted if there is a practicable alternative to the proposed discharge which would have
less adverse impact on the aquatic ecosystem, so long as the alternative does not have other
significant adverse environmental consequences." [See 40 C.F.R. 230.10(a)]. The record must
contain "sufficient information to demonstrate that the proposed discharge complies with the
requirements of Section 230.10(a) of the Guidelines. The amount of information needed to make
such a determination and the level of scrutiny required by the Guidelines is commensurate with
the severity of the environmental impact (as determined by the functions of the aquatic resource
and the nature of the proposed activity) and the scope/cost of the project." [See Corps/EPA
Memorandum to the Field "Appropriate Level of Analysis Required for Evaluating Compliance
with Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines Alternatives Requirements," p. 2, dated August 23, 1994,
hereinafter the "Memorandum."] As noted in the Memorandum on pages 3-4, the 404(b)(1)
Guidelines "only prohibits discharges when a practicable alternative exists which would have less
adverse impact on the aquatic ecosystem." [See Memorandum.] "If an alleged alternative is
unreasonably expensive to the applicant, the alternative is not practicable." [See Guidelines
Preamble, "Economic Factors," 45 Federal Register 85343 (December 24, 1980).]
Practicable alternatives for the project are those alternatives that are "available and capable of being
done after taking into consideration costs, existing technology, and logistics in light of overall
project purposes." [See 40 C.F.R. 230.10(a)(2).] Clarification is provided in the Preamble to the
Guidelines on how cost is to be considered in the determination of practicability. An alternative site
is considered "available" if it is presently owned by the applicant or "could reasonably be obtained,
utilized, expanded or managed in order to fulfill the basic purpose of the proposed activity." 40
C.F.R. § 230.10(a)(2).
Our intent is to consider those alternatives, which are reasonable in terms of the overall scope and
cost of the proposed project. The term economic [for which the term "costs" was substituted in
the final rule] might be construed to include consideration of the applicant's financial standing, or
investment, or market share, a cumbersome inquiry which is not necessarily material to the
objectives of the Guidelines.
7

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 404(b)(1) Guidelines state that, "we have chosen
instead to impose an explicit, but rebuttable presumption that alternatives to discharges in special
aquatic sites are less damaging to the aquatic ecosystem, and are environmentally preferable." Of
course, the general requirements that impacts to the aquatic system not be acceptable also applies.
This presumption "...contains sufficient flexibility to reflect circumstances of unusual cases" (249
Fed. Reg., 85339, December 24, 1980). It is clear from these stipulations that a preferable
alternative may allow filling in certain wetland areas and subsequent mitigation and/or
management of other areas.
6.1 Avoidance
The ore required for the continued operation of the mine and processing plants is a rare
commodity and exists only in a very few locations in the world. Sibelco has no control
over the location of the ore within the mine boundary and only identifies its location after
extensive drilling. Sibelco intends to mine all ore that meets the quality requirements for
various products; therefore, avoidance of jurisdictional waters (with ore beneath) is
difficult because the ore does not exist in other places. Additionally, as "expansion"
implies, the 011is Waste Area Expansion is located adjacent to an existing waste disposal
area. Complete avoidance of streams and wetlands in this location is not possible due to
topographic constraints.
6.2 Minimization
The site has been planned to avoid streams and wetlands to the maximum extent
practicable, while still fulfilling the purpose of the project. The table below summarizes
the total avoidance and minimization that has taken place within the project boundaries.
Feature
Amount
Avoided and
Minimized
Percent
Avoided and
Minimized
Streams
610 LF
64
Wetlands
0.054 Ac
16
6.3 Onsite Alternative
Sibelco has avoided and minimized impacts to streams and wetlands to the greatest extent
practicable and feasible while still accomplishing the overall project purpose. The
original site plans (Option 1- Onsite Alternative, Figure 5A) consisted of an additional
21.3-acre expansion outside of the original mining permit boundary. The Onsite
Alternative proposed 779 linear feet of stream impact and 0.328 acres of wetland impact.
Additional streams and wetlands may exist within the Option 1 boundary which were not
delineated. A revised site plan (Proposed Impact Area, Figure 5) reduced the footprint of
the site by 3.21 acres by the modification of storm water basins OL2A, OL2B, and OL3.
The modification of the site plan (Preferred Alternative) resulted in a reduction of 432
feet of impacts to delineated streams and 0.054 acre impacts to delineated wetlands.
6.4 Alternative Locations
Sibelco owns additional parcels in the Spruce Pine area containing the Hawkins Mine,
Brushy Creek Mine, as well as undeveloped forested land. These and other potential
locations were examined as alternatives for the 011is Waste Area Expansion. The
approximate location of alternative locations is shown on the attached "Alternatives
Map" (Figures 6, 6A, 6B, and 6C). Waste areas must be easily accessible to limit hauling
costs and increased traffic on public roads. Logistically, continuous and central dump
8

space is preferable to multiple small dump locations placed throughout the county. The
Schoolhouse quartz processing plant and mine have existing dumps on site. The
proposed project constitutes the continued development of these dumps to meet the
design capacity for the dumps as a whole.
Criteria for alternative locations include:
1. Size of the waste area: Site must accommodate a waste disposal area of at least
50 acres in size to achieve project goals.
2. Accessibility to the Sibelco mining areas and waste processing facility:
Alternative must be easily accessible by a road that can accommodate large
heavy earthmoving equipment.
3. The waste areas must be located in close proximity to the quartz processing plant
to reduce transportation costs, with preference placed to closer sites.
4. Waste material cannot be placed over potentially mineable ore and must be
placed in a location that does not hinder existing quartz processing plant
activities and mining
5. Minimal impacts to streams and wetlands.
Alternative Location 1
Sibelco's property to the south of the Brushy Creek Mine site (PIN #: 181100567006)
comprises approximately 2,946 acres and contains complex terrain with numerous
streams and wetlands. Much of this area has steep terrain and is not currently accessible
by road. A 50-acre area (Alternative Location 1) currently accessible to existing roads
was examined as a potential alternative location to place the approximately 3 3 million
tons of mining waste (Figure 6A). The steep topography of this tract poses numerous
challenges to safely operate large heavy earthmoving equipment and properly store mine
tailings. Alternative Location 1 is approximately 1.3 miles from the processing plant.
This parcel is known to contain potential future mining reserves. Approximately 4,287
linear feet of streams are located within the parcel and it is entirely forested.
Development of the site would result in increased impacts to aquatic ecosystems when
compared to the Preferred Alternative. This Alternative meets the criteria of 1 (Size), 2
(Accessibility), and 3 (Proximity) but does not meet criteria for 4 (Potentially minable
ore), and 5 (Minimal impacts to streams and wetlands); therefore, this alternative has
been eliminated from consideration.
Alternative Location 2
A 258-acre portion of Sibelco's property on the west side of the Toe River (Alternative
Location 2) is on flat terrain and has been mostly cleared of forest cover (Figure 6B). The
main access road would require improvement before large heavy earthmoving equipment
could access the site. Alternative Location 2 is approximately 0.3 miles from the
processing plant and is not known to contain potential future mining reserves. This area
contains approximately 7,203 linear feet of streams which is a significantly higher
density of linear feet of stream per acre than the length of streams delineated within the
Preferred Alternative parcel. Therefore, development of the site would likely result in
increased impacts to aquatic ecosystems when compared to the Preferred Alternative.
This site is a working farm that contains many historic sites. This location hosts the
annual Over Mtn. Victory Trail re-enactment and other educational programs. Due to the
historic nature of this area, Sibelco plans to avoid any future mining or waste activities on
this historic farm. A portion of Alternative Location 2, including the access road that
would need improvements, is within the FEMA 100-year floodplain. This Alternative
meets the criteria of 1 (Size), 3 (Proximity), and 4 (Potentially minable ore) but does not
9

meet criteria for 2 (Accessibility), and 5 (Minimal impacts to streams and wetlands);
therefore, this alternative has been eliminated from consideration.
Alternative Location 3.
An 87-acre parcel northwest of the processing plant (Alternative Location 3; P1N#
181100046949) is owned by Timber Jack, LLC and is a former mine site (Figure 6C).
Accessing Alternative Location 3 from the Sibelco mining areas would require crossing a
four -lane highway (Hwy 19E). This access route poses a public safety issue of having
large heavy earthmoving equipment constantly crossing a busy highway. This parcel is
approximately 0.3 miles from the processing plant. Alternative Location 3 is not known
to contain potential future mining reserves. The site contains approximately 3,482 LF of
streams. Development of this site would result in greater disturbance to aquatic
ecosystems when compared to the Preferred Alternative. Acquisition of the parcel would
be a large additional expense, if it were to become available. Additionally, the parcel has
adjacent residential properties which would experience visual and sound disturbances if
developed. This Alternative meets the criteria of 1 (Size), 3 (Proximity), and 4
(Potentially minable ore) but does not meet criteria for 2 (Accessibility), and 5 (Minimal
impacts to streams and wetlands); therefore, this alternative has been eliminated from
consideration.
Preferred Alternative
The Preferred Alternative (proposed 011is Waste Area Expansion) is a 56-acre parcel that
was was previously mined and is partially disturbed. This area will provide easy access to
the plant from existing haul roads that avoid major highways, which is preferential in the
interest of public safety. The Preferred Alternative is one mile from the processing plant.
This area is not known to contain potential future mining reserves. This site contains less
than 1,000 feet of stream. As such, development of this area would result in minimal
aquatic ecosystem features compared to all other alternatives. There is sufficient forested
buffer between the proposed waste location and neighboring parcels to avoid visual and
sound disturbances. This Alternative meets the criteria of 1 (Size), 2 (Accessibility), 3
(Proximity), 4 (Potentially minable ore), and 5 (Minimal impacts to streams and
wetlands); therefore, this is the chosen alternative. The Preferred Alternative resulted in
the reduction of several hundred thousand tons of waste storage capacity to allow a 5.6%
reduction in impact area when compared to the original expansion plan (Option 1 - Onsite
Alternative).
Table 5 Alternatives Analysis
Alternative
1) Size
2) Accessibility
3) Proximity
4) Ore
5) Stream Impact
Alternative 1
+
+
+
-
-
Alternative 2
+
-
+
o
-
Alternative 3
+
-
+
o
-
Preferred
Alternative
+
+
+
o
+
+ Site has optimal characteristic for criteria when compared to other alternatives
- Site has suboptimal characteristic for criteria when compared to other alternatives
o Site has neutral effect on criteria or does not apply
6.5 Utilize other Sibelco Infrastructure
Sibelco operates other types of mine waste dumps in the Spruce Pine vicinity that accepts
various types of mining waste including tailings and overburden. This includes a waste
10

disposal area at the Hawkins Mine and a waste disposal area adjacent to the processing
plant. The waste disposal area adjacent to the processing plant is nearly complete, with
only approximately 2-5 years remaining waste storage capacity. The waste disposal area
at Hawkins mine is too great a distance to be considered as an alternative location,
because the cost to transport mining wastes approximately 7.5 miles would be cost
prohibitive and is not a practicable option.
6.6 Alternatives Summary
This discussion of alternatives, together with the documents submitted by the applicant in
support of permit issuance, shows that the project complies with the Guidelines. As this
analysis clearly demonstrates, the 011is Waste Area Expansion is designed to avoid and
minimize impacts to the site to the maximum extent practicable while maintaining a
rational project design and meeting the overall project purpose.
11

7.0 CONCEPTUAL MITIGATION PLAN
Upon completion and implementation of all practical avoidance and minimization efforts, 347
linear feet of stream channel and 0.274 acres of wetlands impacts associated with the 011is Waste
Area Expansion are unavoidable. Results from NCSAM and NCWAM evaluation of the proposed
impact areas are indicated below. Data forms for the NCSAM and NCWAM evaluations are
included in Appendix C.
7.1 NC Division of Miti2ation Services (NCDMS)
Sibelco proposes to mitigate for the balance of unavoidable impacts (approximately 347
linear feet of "cold" stream habitat and 0.274 acres of forested wetland) through payment
into the NCDMS in -lieu fee program. By letter dated , NCDMS has
indicated they are willing to accept payment for impacts associated with the 011is Waste
Area Expansion. The acceptance letter is enclosed for review (Appendix D).
Table 6 Proposed Stream Miti2ation Credits
Impact
Number
Length
Type
NC SAM
Rating
Proposed
Mitigation
Ratio
Total
Credits
1 (S4)
197 LF
Intermittent
MEDIUM
1:1
197
2 (S3 Reach 1)
150 LF
Perennial
HIGH
2:1
300
Total
347 LF
497
Table 7 Proposed Wetland Miti2ation Credits
Impact
Number
Area (AC)
Type
NC WAM
Rating
Proposed
Mitigation
Ratio
Total
Credits
1 (W2)
0.049
Headwater Forest
HIGH
2:1
0.098
14 (W16)
0.035
Basin
LOW
1:1
0.035
15 (W17)
0.190
Basin
LOW
1:1
0.190
Total
0.274
0.323
7.2 Summary
Sibelco is proposing to mitigate for 347 linear feet of unavoidable stream impacts, and
0.274 acres of forested wetland impacts. Compensatory mitigation will be in the form of
payment to NCDMS. Tables 6 and 7 in Section 7.1 indicate proposed mitigation ratios
and summarize the basic mitigation requirement for the 011is Waste Area Expansion.
8.0 US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 404(b)(1) GUIDELINES
EPA interim regulations providing guidance for specification of deposit on sites for dredge and
fill material were published on September 17, 1993, in 40 C.F.R. 230 per Section 404(b)1. Sub -
Parts A through I pertain to dredge and fill permits and apply to project sites similar to this
project.
Sub -Part D presents a summary of compliance criteria for the 404(b)1 guidelines. This section
references and defines practicable alternatives and indicates that a dredge and fill permit shall not
be issued if practicable alternatives exist. Alternatives reviewed, detailed in Section 6.0, were
assessed for compliance with 404(b)1 guidelines.
12

Additional EPA guidance is presented related to general regulatory criteria, wildlife value, and
human health guidelines. The discharge of dredge and fill material is considered permittable
under these guidelines if the discharge activity: does not contribute to violation of state water
quality standards; does not violate toxic effluent standards; does not jeopardize the continued
existence of species listed as threatened and endangered pursuant to the federal Endangered
Species Act of 1973 and subsequent amendments; does not cause degradation to any marine
sanctuaries; does not contribute to significant degradation of "waters of the United States;" does
not adversely affect human health as it pertains to water supply; does not adversely impact
wildlife, the food chain, or special aquatic sites; does not contribute to the discharge of pollutants
that may affect the food web; does not have negative effects on the productivity of the aquatic
ecosystem, or their physical values; and does not have adverse impacts on recreation, aesthetic, or
economic values. Additionally, the applicant is required to minimize potential adverse impacts on
the aquatic ecosystem.
8.1 Factual Determination
The Corps is required to determine both potential short-term and long-term effects of a
proposed discharge of dredge and fill material on the physical, chemical, and biological
components of an aquatic environment.
8.2 Potential Impacts on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Aquatic
Ecosystem
Sub -Part C of the 40 C.F.R. 230 guidelines lists six physical and chemical characteristics
that must be assessed during the permit review, and the effects of which must be
determined to be minimal on the aquatic ecosystem. These effects are considered in
making factual determinations in the findings of compliance and non-compliance
8.2.1 Substrate
The proposed waste area expansion will result in fill placed into streams and
wetlands. Proper sediment and erosion control devices will be installed prior to
and during construction to ensure that the bottom elevation of remaining streams
and wetlands on the property will not change.
8.2.2 Suspended Particulate/Turbidity (Sediment and Erosion Control)
During construction activities on the site, there may be an increase in suspended
particulates that would lead to increased turbidity downstream. Sight -dependent
aquatic species may suffer reduced feeding ability leading to limited growth and
lowered resistance to disease if high levels of suspended particulates persist. The
biological and the chemical content of the suspended material may react with the
dissolved oxygen in the water, which can result in oxygen depletion. Toxic
metals and organics, pathogens, and viruses absorbed or adsorbed to fine-grained
particulates in the material may become biologically available to organisms
either in the water column or on the substrate. (Sub -Part C of the 40 C.F.R. 230)
Significant increases in suspended particulate levels create turbid plumes which
are highly visible and aesthetically displeasing. However, the increase in
turbidity is anticipated to be minimal and temporary due to the installation and
maintenance of proper temporary sediment and erosion control measures during
construction. and continuing until permanent installation of the stormwater
treatment ponds and grading is complete. The DWR and DEMLR Land Quality
Section will receive a copy of approved construction sediment and erosion
control plans for review and approval. Final stormwater control measures
constructed to treat runoff from mine tailings will be designed to pass the 100-yr
13

24-hour flood event, which is greater than the state required 25-yr 24-hr required.
Additional floating risers (Faircloth skimmers) will be used with the intention of
maximum water clarity during stormwater discharge, allowing fine particulates to
settle into the basin prior to release into receiving waters.
8.2.3 Water Quality
The proposed project should not cause increased chemical contamination levels
within the aquatic ecosystem. Specifically, changes in clarity, color, odor, and
taste of water in addition to possible chemical contamination shall be minimized
or reduced. Sibelco will be concurrently applying for a DWR 401 Water Quality
Certification. Sibelco's West School House mine currently maintains Stormwater
General NPDES Permit No. NCG020795 that is due for 5-year renewal on
September 30, 2020. The activates proposed in this joint 404/401 permit
application will require modifications to the current Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Plan as required by the NPDES permit. The NPDES permit requires
stringent monitoring and sampling regime to assure water quality standards are
maintained.
8.2.4 Current Patterns in Water Circulation
The proposed project will modify current water circulation patterns by
obstructing flow, changing direction or velocity of water, and changing velocity
or flow of circulation in the channels proposed for impact; however, mitigation in
the form of payment to the Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) with mitigate
for these impacts. Section 7.1 describes the NCDMS mitigation proposal. The
channel below the waste area will continue to receive treated stormwater
discharges and groundwater influences.
8.2.5 Normal Water Fluctuations
The proposed project will modify normal water fluctuations in the channels
proposed for impact; however, mitigation in the form of payment to DMS will
mitigate for these impacts. Section 7.1 describes the NCDMS mitigation
proposal.
8.2.6 Salinity
Because this project is located inland and away from tidally influenced waters
and wetlands, no modification to the salinity of on -site or adjacent waters is
expected. The stormwater discharge from the site is not expected to increase or
decrease the salinity of receiving waters.
8.3 Potential Impacts to Biological Characteristics of the Ecosystem
Sub -Part D of the 40 C.F.R. 230 guidelines specify three areas of concern in which
disposal of dredge and fill material can affect the biological components of the
ecosystem. These components are threatened and endangered species, fish, crustaceans,
mollusks, other aquatic organisms in the food web, and wildlife.
8.3.1 Threatened or Endangered Species
Expansion of the waste area has the potential to negatively affect the habitat of
threatened and endangered plant and animal species. CEC performed a survey
and habitat assessment for federally protected species within the project area. A
description of federally protected species and their habitats, as well as habitats
observed on site are included in Appendix B. Listed species have not been
14

observed on site. It is the opinion of CEC that federally protected species are not
likely to be present within the project boundary. As such, the 011is Waste Area
Expansion is not likely to cause an adverse impact to any federally threatened or
endangered species or their critical habitat. A discussion of threatened and
endangered species is found in Section 3.5 of this application.
8.3.2 Fishes, Crustaceans, Mollusks, and other Aquatic Organisms in the Food
Web
The excavation of hillslopes, placement of fill in headwater streams and
wetlands, and other similar alterations to watershed hydrology can alter the food
web by impacting invertebrates that make up the basis of aquatic food chains.
Temporary increases in turbidity may negatively the aquatic food web. These
modifications may contribute to the decline of sensitive species and the
proliferation of more tolerant and exotic invasive species as ecosystems recover
from disturbances. Impacts to primary food chain production within the waters of
the US and wetlands will occur on the project site; however, mitigation in the
form of payment to NCDMS will mitigate for these impacts. Impacts to primary
food chain production are expected to be minimal due to the use of proper
sediment and erosion control measured during construction as well as stormwater
control measures installed to treat runoff from the tailings. Stormwater Control
Measures will employ Faircloth skimmers for discharge into receiving waters
which will reduce the turbidity of stormwater discharge.
8.3.3 Other Wildlife
Excavation has the potential to negatively affect breeding and nesting areas,
escape cover, travel corridors, and preferred food sources for resident and
migrant wildlife species due to light and sound disturbances, dust from land
disturbed areas, tree and brush removal, and human activity.
Although evidence of wildlife usage was apparent on the reclaimed portions of
the site due to connectivity with adjacent intact forested areas, denuded
vegetation, and anthropogenic activity within the West School House and 011is
active mine dump areas make these reclaimed edge areas and marginal habitats
are less desirable for resident and migrant wildlife. While a loss of wildlife
habitat for wetland and stream -dependent species may result from construction of
the project, the proposed mitigation payment to DMS mitigates for loss of this
habitat.
8.4 Potential Impacts on Special Aquatic Sites
Sub -Part E of the 40 C.F.R. 230 guidelines address considerations for potential impacts
on special aquatic sites, which include: sanctuaries and refuges, wetlands, mud flats,
vegetated shallows, coral reefs, and riffle -pool complexes.
8.4.1 Sanctuaries and Refuges
Excavation and fill have the potential to negatively affect adjacent sanctuaries
and wildlife refuges by impacting water quality, decreasing wildlife habitat,
increasing human access, and creating the need for frequent maintenance activity,
resulting in the establishment of undesirable plant and animal species, which can
change the balance of habitat type. Impacts to sanctuaries or refuges will not
occur as a result of the 011is Waste Area Expansion
15

8.4.2 Wetlands
Excavation and fill have the potential to adversely affect wetlands including
wetland substrate, hydrology, and vegetation. Excavation can lead to a loss of
wetland values, such as wildlife habitat, flood storage, and groundwater recharge.
The 011is waste area expansion will impact 0.274 acres of wetlands on site. Due
to the quality of wetlands and amount of wetland impacts associated with the
proposed project, wetland impacts will be offset by the proposed mitigation
payment to DMS. Further discussion of wetland quality is in Section 5.1 Table 3
and Table 4.
8.4.3 Mud Flats
Excavation has the potential to negatively affect mud flats that exist along inland
lakes, ponds, and riverine systems. There are no mud flat communities within the
project boundary; therefore, loss of these ecosystems will not occur as a result of
the 011is Waste Area Expansion.
8.4.4 Vegetated Shallows
Vegetated shallows are permanently inundated areas that contain rooted aquatic
vegetation. This type of habitat generally exists within estuarine and marine
environments, and some freshwater lakes and rivers. No vegetated shallow
habitats exist within the project boundary; therefore, no impacts to this ecosystem
will occur as a result of the 011is Waste Area Expansion.
8.4.5 Coral Reefs
Coral reefs typically exist within marine ecosystems. Coral reefs do not exist
within the project boundary; therefore, no impacts to this ecosystem will occur as
a result of the 011is Waste Area Expansion.
8.4.6 Riffle -Pool Complexes
Excavation of riffle -pool complexes has the potential to negatively affect water
quality and wildlife value. Any permanent impact to riffle -pool complexes will
be mitigated for through payment into DMS.
8.5 Potential Effects on Human Use Characteristics
Sub -Part F of the 40 C.F.R. 230 guidelines address potential effects on human use of
wetlands and waterways. Factors including water supply, recreational and commercial
fisheries, water -related recreation, aesthetics, and parks and similar preserves are
considered within this portion of the guidelines.
8.5.1 Municipal and Private Water Supply
The public water supply will not increase or decrease due to proposed activities
within the 011is Waste Area Expansion project boundary.
8.5.2 Recreational and Commercial Fisheries
Excavation has the potential to negatively affect recreational and commercial
fisheries. Streams and wetlands on site are not a part of any recreational or
commercial fishery. In addition, access to the site by the general public is
prohibited, eliminating any recreational fisheries opportunities on site. The 011is
Waste Area Expansion will not adversely impact recreational or commercial
fisheries.
16

8.5.3 Water -Related Recreation
Proposed activities within the 011is Waste Area Expansion project boundary will
not increase or decrease waterborne recreation in the project vicinity. Access to
the site by the general public is prohibited, eliminating any water -related
recreational opportunities on site.
8.5.4 Aesthetics
The proposed project site is within the boundary of an operational mine. 011is
Waste Area Expansion is not expected to increase or diminish the aesthetic value
of the area or cause disharmony from an aerial or neighboring view.
8.5.5 Parks, National and Historical Monuments, National Beach Shores,
Wilderness Areas, Research Sites, and Similar Preserves
No areas as described above are present within the 011is Waste Area Expansion
project boundary.
8.6 Summary
Based on the EPA guidelines identified within 40 C.F.R. 230, and enumerated herein, a
number of potential environmental impacts have been presented and subsequently
addressed. The proposed permanent impact to 347 linear feet of streams and 0.274 acres
of wetlands will not cause off site adverse impacts. Proposed mitigation will compensate
for on -site impacts.
17

9.0 PUBLIC INTEREST CONSIDERATIONS
Pursuant to 33 C.F.R. 323.6, a determination that the project is not contrary to the public interest
must be achieved before permit issuance. Public interest considerations are listed in 33 C.F.R. 320.4
(a)(1) and are discussed below.
In considering the public interest, the Corps must evaluate the probable impacts of the project and
evaluate the "benefits which reasonably may be expected to occur from the proposal against
reasonably foreseeable detriments." In balancing these interests, the Corps must consider the
public and private need for the proposed project, the practicability of using reasonable alternative
locations, and the extent and permanence of the beneficial and/or detrimental impacts of the
project. The Corps also considers the following public interest factors:
Conservation, economics, aesthetics, general environmental concerns, wetlands,
historic and cultural resources, fish and wildlife values, flood hazards, floodplain
values, land use, navigation, shore erosion and accretion, recreation, water supply
and water quality, energy needs, safety, food and fiber production, mineral needs,
and considerations of the property ownership.
Furthermore, the Corps regulations enacted in 33 CFR Part 320 General Regulatory Policies
Section 320.4 (a)(1) state that a permit will be granted unless the district engineer determines that
it would be contrary to the public interest.
Sibelco has evaluated the following public interest factors and believes that the proposed project
is not contrary to the public interest.
9.1 Conservation
The applicant is not proposing preservation as a component of the project; however, those
projects completed by DMS in association with this project will be preserved in
perpetuity.
9.2 Economics
Sibelco operates the Brushy Creek Mine and Hawkins Mine along with the Crystal,
Quartz, Red Hill and Schoolhouse processing facilities all within the Spruce Pine Mining
District, which employs approximately 350 people in the Spruce Pine area as well as
regionally. Mining provides an overall benefit to the local economy of the area in the
form of stable employment for workers which utilize other local service industries and
consumer store fronts, as well as through local land taxes and income and sales taxes
invested within the community.
9.3 Aesthetics
The proposed project site is within the boundary of an operational mine. A portion of the
road frontage for the has been reclaimed and reforested since cessation of the original
mining activities. The 011is Waste Area Expansion is expected to moderately diminish
the aesthetic value of the area along the road frontage, aerial and neighboring view will
be modified, but will not be inconsistent with existing neighboring land uses.
9.4 General Environmental Concerns
Other than stream and wetland impacts, and wildlife habitat, the proposed development
activities within the 011is Waste Area Expansion project boundary will not have significant
impacts upon other general environmental components.
18

9.5 Wetlands
Excavation and fill have the potential to adversely affect wetlands including wetland
substrate, hydrology, and vegetation. Excavation can lead to a loss of wetland values,
such as wildlife habitat, flood storage, and groundwater recharge. The 011is waste area
expansion will impact 0.274 acres of wetlands on site. Due to the quality of wetlands and
amount of wetland impacts associated with the proposed project, wetland impacts will be
offset by the proposed mitigation payment to DMS. Further discussion of wetland quality
is in Section 5.1 Table 3.
9.6 Historic Properties
A desk review of the National Register of Historic Places records maintained by the State
Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) indicates that there are no sites within 2 miles of the
011is Waste Area Expansion. Several historic properties are in Spruce Pine in Linville. The
SHPO will be notified via Public Notice about the projects and will be given the
opportunity to comment on the project and its potential effects on archaeological and
cultural resources.
9.7 Fish and Wildlife Values
Fish and wildlife utilize the forested and riparian habitat within the proposed project
boundary, however because the project area is within the boundaries of an operational
mine, wildlife habitat is marginal. Noise pollution, denuded vegetation, and
anthropogenic activity make this area less desirable for resident and migrant wildlife.
Impacts to these systems will occur at the 011is Waste Area Expansion project site;
however, adequate avoidance, minimization, and compensatory mitigation will
compensate for lost functions and values.
9.8 Flood Hazards
It is likely that some tributaries on the project sites will flood occasionally due to natural
fluctuations in weather patterns that increase precipitation. The activities taking place
within the project boundaries are not expected to increase or decrease the natural rate of
flooding at the sites or downstream.
9.9 Floodplain Values
The location of the proposed project has a minimal risk of flooding and is located within
the Zone of Minimal Flood Hazard (Figure 7). Designated floodplains are not present
within the 011is Waste Area Expansion project boundary; however, a FEMA designated
floodplain is within 250 feet downstream from the proposed project boundary. Figure 7
depicts the FEMA Map Panel 3710180000K effective date Feb. 4, 2009). Flood stages
and frequencies should not increase or decrease as a result of the activities taking place
within the 011is Waste Area Expansion project boundary.
9.10 Land Use
The proposed project will be in compliance with local zoning regulations and ordinances.
The project is consistent with surrounding land use and development.
9.11 Navigation
Streams within the project boundary include unnamed tributaries to Brushy Creek which
is a tributary to the North Toe River. The North Toe River flows into the Nolichucky
River, which is a tributary to the French Broad River. The French Broad River is a
navigable -in -fact water at the Wilson Bridge southeast of Brevard. No development will
19

occur within navigable waters and no activities proposed within the West School House
Mine Expansion project boundary are anticipated to affect navigation.
9.12 Shore Erosion and Accretion
Proposed activities within the 011is Waste Area Expansion project will not increase or
decrease shore erosion and accretion.
9.13 Recreation
Proposed activities within the 011is Waste Area Expansion project boundary will not
increase or decrease recreation.
9.14 Water Supply and Conservation
The public water supply will not increase or decrease due to proposed activities within
the 011is Waste Area Expansion project boundary.
9.15 Water Quality (Stormwater Management)
The proposed project should not cause increased chemical contamination levels within
the aquatic ecosystem. No short term or long-term adverse water quality impacts are
anticipated. Accumulated water in the mining pit will be treated by stormwater control
measures (SCMs) at the site. Sibelco will be concurrently applying for a DWR Water
Quality Certification.
9.16 Energy Needs
Energy needs will not increase or decrease due to proposed activities within the 011is
Waste Area Expansion project boundary. Energy will not be produced as a result of the
proposed activities within the 011is Waste Area Expansion project boundary.
9.17 Safety
The proposed project will be designed with the maximum possible considerations for
public safety. The proposed activities at the 011is Waste Area Expansion site will not
increase or decrease public safety. Access to the site by the general public is prohibited,
eliminating any threat to public safety.
9.18 Food and Fiber Production
The proposed activities within 011is Waste Area Expansion project boundary will not
increase or decrease food and fiber production.
9.19 Mineral Needs
The proposed project fulfills current mineral needs; Sibelco's West School House Mine is
a producer of high -purity quartz used in the manufacture of semiconductors, solar panels,
fiber optics, high end lighting, and crucibles. Any activity completed in support of the
mine and their existing operations will promote mineral production at the site.
9.20 Considerations of Property Ownership
Sibelco owns the property proposed for development and has the inherent right to
develop the land in a reasonable and responsible manner, which includes adhering to all
Federal, State, and local regulations.
Physical Address: Sibelco North America, Inc.
107 Harris Mining Road
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
20

Applicant Mailing Address: Sibelco North America, Inc.
136 Crystal Drive
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
9.21 Needs and Welfare of the Public
The project will positively address the needs and welfare of the public by promoting
mineral production and economic growth in the community of Spruce Pine, Mitchell and
Avery Counties, North Carolina.
21

10.0 SECONDARY AND CUMULATIVE EFFECTS
The 011is Waste Area Expansion project site is located within the Nolichucky River Subbasin
06010108. Approximately 81 percent of this subbasin is forested and the total land mass includes
approximately 630 square miles (403,200 acres). The 011is Waste Area Expansion project site is
comprised of approximately 56 acres (0.09 square miles), and the source material for the waste
area includes the West School House Mine, 128 acres (or 0.2 square miles), for a combined area
of 184 acres or 0.29 square miles. The area of disturbance accounts for less than 0.04 percent of
the Nolichucky River Subbasin. The significant cumulative effects on the watershed due to the
expansion of the 011is Waste Area Expansion project is limited to the project area and the area
containing the waste source material, and downstream cumulative effects on water quality. Past
activities within the subbasin include logging, agricultural and residential development, road
building, and mining Agricultural and residential development, and road building in the vicinity
remains active; however, continued and future development of the watershed is independent of
activities proposed at the 011is Waste Area Expansion project site.
Impacts within the 011is Waste Area Expansion project boundary include the expansion of the
existing mine pit and excavation of streams and wetlands with the expansion boundary. Avoidance
and minimization activities have lessened impacts associated with the relocation and its effects
cumulatively on the watershed will be minimal. Activity within the 011is Waste Area Expansion
project boundary should not result in impairment of the water resources on site or interfere with the
productivity and water quality of the existing aquatic ecosystem in combination with other
discharges in the watershed.
22

11.0 SUMMARY
Sibelco proposes to impact 347 linear feet of stream channels and 0.274 acre of wetlands to
facilitate the expansion of an existing waste area at the 011is Waste Area. The project, known as
the 011is Waste Area Expansion, will impact streams and wetlands with fill within the proposed
expansion boundary. Alternatives have been evaluated and the proposed project is the most
practical and preferred alternative. Avoidance and minimization have reduced impacts to the site.
Potential impacts to the physical and chemical characteristics of the ecosystem, biological
characteristic of the ecosystem, impacts on special aquatic sites, and potential effects on human
use characteristics will be minimal. The project is not contrary to the public interest and will aid
in the continuation of the mining industry that helps support the local economy in Spruce Pine.
23

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion
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32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion
Legend
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Drawn by: AKT 7.14.2020; CEC Project# 671
Avery County,
North Carolina
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Asheville, North Carolina 28801
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Figure 2

Sibelco- 011is Waste Area Expansion
Legend
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Avery County,
North Carolina
CLearWaker
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Aerial Photograph
NCCGIA (2018)
Figure 3

Sibelco- 011is Waste Area Expansion
Legend
Project Boundary
Soil
■ CeE - Chandler-Micaville complex
▪ CuA- Cullowhee loam
▪ Px - Pits, quarries
▪ Ua - Udorthents-Urban land complex
WaD - Watauga sandy loam complex
0
250
500
1,000
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Avery County,
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NRCS Web Soil Survey
Figure 4
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion
Processing Plant
Alternative 2
Legend
n011is Waste Area Expansion Project
QAlternative Area
Sibelco-Owned Parcels
- Rivers and Streams
Drawn by: AKT Date; 7.14.2020 CEC Project #671
Henderson County,
North Carolina
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32 Clayton St
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
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Alternative i
Alternatives Overview
Figure 6

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion
Legend
Altemative 2 Area
Altemative Parcel Boundary
alProject Boundary
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— 20' Contours
0 250 500
l(.--�
Alternative Location 1
PIN #: 181100567006
+/- 50 Acres
Avery County,
North Carolina
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32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Alternative 1
Figure 6A

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion
Alternative Location 2
PIN #: 181100567006
+/- 258 Acres
Legend
Alternative 2 Area
20' Contours
Streams; Avery County Soil Survey
Flood Hazard Zones
Zone Type
1% Annual Chance Flood Hazard
Regulatory Floodway
Special Floodway
Area of Undetermined Flood Hazard
0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard
Future Conditions 1%Annual Chance Flood Hazard
Area with Reduced Risk Due to Levee
250 500
Avery County,
North Carolina
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32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Alternative 2
Figure 6B

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion
Legend
Alternative Parcel Boundary
County Parcel Data
Streams; Avery County Soil Survey
.� Drawn by: A T 6. 020; EC Project#
Alternative Location 3
PIN #: 181100046949
+/- 87.5 Acres
250 500
I
1,000
Feet
Avery County,
North Carolina
CLearWaker
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Alternative 3
Figure 6C

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion
Legend
Flood Hazard Zones
Zone Type
1%Annual Chance Flood Hazard
Regulatory Floodway
Special Floodway
Area of Undetermined Flood Hazard
0.2%Annual Chance Flood Hazard
Future Conditions 1%Annual Chance Flood Hazard
Area with Reduced Risk Due to Levee
Drawn by: AKT 7.14.20; CEC Project# 671
Avery County,
North Carolina
A OF MI NIMAL'FL®®
ZoneX
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32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
0 250 500
1,000
Feet
FEMA Floodplain Map
FIRM Panel 3710180000K
Effective 2/4/2009
Figure 7

Appendix A:
Approved Jurisdictional Determination
Issued January 8, 2021 (Action ID: 2019-01042)

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
WILMINGTON DISTRICT
Action Id. 2019-01042 County: Avery U.S.G.S. Quad: NC- Linville Falls
NOTIFICATION OF JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION
Requestor: Sibelco North America, Inc.
Done Myers
Address: 6000 Fairview Road, Suite 350
Charlotte, NC 28210
Telephone Number: 828-765-4283
E-mail: doue.mvers( sibelco.com
Size (acres) 56 Nearest Town Spruce Pine
Nearest Waterway North Toe River River Basin French Broad -Holston
USGS HUC 06010108 Coordinates Latitude: 35.955004
Longitude: -81.982874
Location description: The site known as "011is Expansion" is located alone 900 State Road 1101, in Spruce Pine, Avery County,
NC.
Indicate Which of the Following Apply:
A. Preliminary Determination
El There appear to be waters, including wetlands on the above described project area/property, that may be subject to Section 404
of the Clean Water Act (CWA)(33 USC § 1344) and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act (RHA) (33 USC § 403). The
waters, including wetlands have been delineated, and the delineation has been verified by the Corps to be sufficiently accurate
and reliable. The approximate boundaries of these waters are shown on the enclosed delineation map dated DATE. Therefore
this preliminary jurisdiction determination may be used in the permit evaluation process, including determining compensatory
mitigation. For purposes of computation of impacts, compensatory mitigation requirements, and other resource protection
measures, a permit decision made on the basis of a preliminary JD will treat all waters and wetlands that would be affected in any
way by the permitted activity on the site as if they are jurisdictional waters of the U.S. This preliminary determination is not an
appealable action under the Regulatory Program Administrative Appeal Process (Reference 33 CFR Part 331). However, you may
request an approved JD, which is an appealable action, by contacting the Corps district for further instruction.
❑ There appear to be waters, including wetlands on the above described project area/property, that may be subject to Section 404
of the Clean Water Act (CWA)(33 USC § 1344) and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act (RHA) (33 USC § 403).
However, since the waters, including wetlands have not been properly delineated, this preliminary jurisdiction determination
may not be used in the permit evaluation process. Without a verified wetland delineation, this preliminary determination is
merely an effective presumption of CWA/RHA jurisdiction over all of the waters, including wetlands at the project area, which
is not sufficiently accurate and reliable to support an enforceable permit decision. We recommend that you have the waters,
including wetlands on your project area/property delineated. As the Corps may not be able to accomplish this wetland
delineation in a timely manner, you may wish to obtain a consultant to conduct a delineation that can be verified by the Corps.
B. Approved Determination
❑ There are Navigable Waters of the United States within the above described project area/property subject to the permit
requirements of Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act (RHA) (33 USC § 403) and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
(CWA)(33 USC § 1344). Unless there is a change in law or our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for
a period not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
There are waters, including wetlandson the above described project area/property subject to the permit requirements of Section
404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) (33 USC § 1344). Unless there is a change in the law or our published regulations, this
determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
❑ We recommend you have the waters, including wetlands on your project area/property delineated. As the Corps may not be
able to accomplish this wetland delineation in a timely manner, you may wish to obtain a consultant to conduct a delineation that
can be verified by the Corps.

2019-01042
® The waters, including wetlands on your project area/property have been delineated and the delineation has been verified by
the Corps. The approximate boundaries of these waters are shown on the enclosed delineation map dated 1/8/2021 (Figure 1). We
strongly suggest you have this delineation surveyed. Upon completion, this survey should be reviewed and verified by the Corps.
Once verified, this survey will provide an accurate depiction of all areas subject to CWA jurisdiction on your property which,
provided there is no change in the law or our published regulations, may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years.
❑ The waters, including wetlands have been delineated and surveyed and are accurately depicted on the plat signed by the
Corps Regulatory Official identified below onDATE. Unless there is a change in the law or our published regulations, this
determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
❑ There are no waters of the U.S., to include wetlands, present on the above described project area/property which are subject to the
permit requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1344). Unless there is a change in the law or our published
regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
❑ The property is located in one of the 20 Coastal Counties subject to regulation under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA).
You should contact the Division of Coastal Management in Morehead City, NC, at [phone] to determine their
requirements.
Placement of dredged or fill material within waters of the US, including wetlands, without a Department of the Army permit may
constitute a violation of Section 301 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC § 1311). Placement of dredged or fill material, construction or
placement of structures, or work within navigable waters of the United States without a Department of the Army permit may
constitute a violation of Sections 9 and/or 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act (33 USC § 401 and/or 403). If you have any questions
regarding this determination and/or the Corps regulatory program, please contact Amanda Jones at 828-271-7980 ext. 4225 or
amanda.ionesnu,usace.armv.mil.
C. Basis for Determination: See the approved jurisdictional determination form dated 1/8/2021 and
attached Figure 1.
D. Remarks: This determination replaces the previously approved determination dated 11/06/2019.
E. Attention USDA Program Participants
This delineation/determination has been conducted to identify the limits of Corps' Clean Water Act jurisdiction for the particular site
identified in this request. The delineation/determination may not be valid for the wetland conservation provisions of the Food Security
Act of 1985. If you or your tenant are USDA Program participants, or anticipate participation in USDA programs, you should request
a certified wetland determination from the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, prior to starting work.
F. Appeals Information (This information applies only to approved jurisdictional determinations as indicated in B.
above)
This correspondence constitutes an approved jurisdictional determination for the above described site. If you object to this
determination, you may request an administrative appeal under Corps regulations at 33 CFR Part 331. Enclosed you will find a
Notification of Appeal Process (NAP) fact sheet and request for appeal (RFA) form. If you request to appeal this determination you
must submit a completed RFA form to the following address:
US Army Corps of Engineers
South Atlantic Division
Attn: Phillip Shannin, Review Officer
60 Forsyth Street SW, Room 10M15
Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8801
In order for an RFA to be accepted by the Corps, the Corps must determine that it is complete, that it meets the criteria for appeal
under 33 CFR part 331.5, and that it has been received by the Division Office within 60 days of the date of the NAP. Should you
decide to submit an RFA form, it must be received at the above address by 3/8/2021.
**It is not necessary to submit an RFA form to the Division Office if you do not object to the determination in this correspondence.**

2019-01042
FUEMMELER.AMAN Digitally signed by
DA.JONES.12428350 FUEMMELER.AMANDAJONES.124
2835090
Corps Regulatory Official: 90 Date: 2021.01.08 13:21:57 -0500'
Date of JD: 1/8/2021 Expiration Date ofJD: 1/9/2025

011is Waste Area Expansion (+1- 56 AC)
Jurisdictional wetlands and waters identified on this map
have been located within sub -meter accuracy utilizing a
Trimble mapping grade Global Positioning System (GPS)
and the subsequent diaerenaal correction of that date.
GPS points may demonstrate uncorrectable errors due to
topography, vegetative cover, and/or muttipath signal
error.
Note: The illustrated wetland and stream locations are
approximate. These areas have been gagged it the field;
however, they have not been surveyed. Although
Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC) is
confident in our assessment, the US Army Corps of
Engineers (Corps) is the only agency that can make final
decisions regarding jurisdictional wetland and waters or
the US delineations. Therefore. all preliminary
determinations are subject to change until written
verification is obtained. CEC strongly recommends that
written verificatbn be obtained from the Corps prior to
closing on the property, beginning any site work, or
making any legal reliance on this determination.
This map was prepared by CEC using the best
information available to CEC at the time of production.
This map is for informational purposes only and should
not be used to determine precise boundaries, roadways,
property boundary Ines, nor legal descriptions. This map
shall not be construed to be an official survey of any data
depicted.
Source Data:
Topo -Avery County
Project Boundary - Sibelco North American Inc.
Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A4)
Non -Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A2)
1 Legend
L ._) Project Boundary
Sediment Control Pond
Wetlands
MIN Jurisdictional Wetland
Non -Jurisdictional Wetland
Perennial Stream (Tributary)
Intermittent Stream (Tributary)
Culvert
Contours (4ft)
Data Form
Drawn by ENV 3.2219; CEC Prose 71
U dated, 7.20.2020
W3
Non -jurisdictional Wetland
(NWPR: B9)
W15
Nor -Regulated Wetland
Non -jurisdictional Wetland
(NWPR: B1)
W5
•
y ( t
W6 40,/�,
— ...
rY
Non -jurisdictional Wetland / i g 10
(NWPR: B1) W7 / �' r 1
Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A4)
W
Non -Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A2)
• Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A4)
SC-4
Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A4)
Non -jurisdictional Waters
(NWPR: B10)
W1
Non -Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A2)
0 250 500 1,000 1
Feet,
Non jurisdictional Wetland
' (NWPR: B1)
Juriadctional Water
Wetland (AC)
Stream(LF)
WI
0.006
SI
163
W2
0.054
S2
85
W9
0.001
S3
512
W11
0.034
54
197
W13
0.006
W 14
0.002
W 16
0.035
W17
0.190
Total
0-328
Total l 957
Non -Regulated Waters/Wellands
Wetland (AC)
Sediment Control
W3
0.008
Pond (AC)
W4
0.009
SC-4 1 1.086
W5
0.052
W6
0.027
W7
0.004
W8
0.004
W 10
0.001
W12
0.004
W15
0.406
Total
0.515
Total' 1.086
Avery County,
North Carolina
aearWaker
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Stream & Wetland
Delineation Map
Approved 1/08/2021
Figure 1

Appendix B:
Threatened and Endangered Species

011is Waste Area Expansion
Approximately 56 Acres
Avery County, NC
Threatened and Endangered Species Review and Habitat Assessment
Prepared For
SIBELC
Sibelco North America, Inc.
Attn: Jeff Ferguson
136 Crystal Drive
Spruce Pine, NC 28777 USA
CLeacJa e r
Prepared By
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, NC 28801
July 14, 2020

Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 METHODOLOGY 1
3.0 HABITAT CLASSIFICATION 2
3.1 Rich cove forest 2
3.2 Riparian Wetland 2
3.3 Basin or bog -like wetland 3
3.4 White pine forest 3
3.5 Primary succession old mine site 3
3.6 Soils 4
4.0 PROTECTED SPECIES 4
4.1 Bald Eagle 4
4.2 Bog Turtle 4
4.3 Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel 5
4.4 Gray bat 6
4.5 Northern long-eared bat 6
4.6 Virginia big -eared bat 7
4.7 Rusty patched bumble bee 7
4.8 Spruce fir moss spider 8
4.9 Blue Ridge Goldenrod 8
4.10 Heller's Blazing star 9
4.11 Roan mountain bluet 9
4.12 Spreading Avens 10
4.13 Rock Gnome Lichen 10
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 11
6.0 REFERENCES 12
List of Tables
Table 1: US Fish and Wildlife Service List of Potential Threatened or Endangered
Species in Avery County
List of Figures
Figure 1: Site Vicinity Map
Figure 2: USGS Topographic Map
Figure 3: NCCGIS Aerial Imagery Map
Figure 4: Habitat Map
Figure 5: NRCS Soils Map
Appendices
Appendix A: US Fish and Wildlife Service County Database Information and NC
Natural Heritage Program Data
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The following report includes methods used and results for a threatened and endangered
species survey and habitat assessment for the proposed approximately 56 acre project
known as the 011is Waste Area Expansion. The project corridor is located off of Brushy
Creek Road in Spruce Pine, Avery County, North Carolina (Figures 1-2). The site ranges
in elevation from 2,840 feet to 3,040 feet above mean sea level.
The threatened and endangered species survey was conducted to determine the occurrence
of or the potential for existence of federally listed threatened and endangered animal and
plant species on the proposed site (Figure 3). Completion of this survey was directed by and
complies with three current state and federal regulations: the Federal Endangered Species
Act of 1973 (16 USC 1531-1543), the North Carolina Endangered Species Act (N.C.G.S.
Sect. 113 article 25), and the North Carolina Plant Protection and Conservation Act of
1979 (N.C.G.S. Sect. 19b 106: 202.12-22).
2.0 METHODOLOGY
The protected species survey and habitat assessment was conducted on January 23, 2020 on
the 56 acre project area by ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC) to determine
the potential for occurrences of animal and plant species listed as endangered or threatened
by current federal regulations.
A database search from the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) dated January 14, 2020
provided existing data concerning the presence or potential occurrence of threatened or
endangered species in Avery County, North Carolina (Appendix A). The FWS lists the
following 13 federally protected species as occurring or potentially occurring in Avery
County, N.C. The species listed below were included in the surveys and assessment.
Table 1. Federally threatened and endangered species listed as occurring or potentially occurring.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Status
Bald eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
BGPA
Bog turtle
Clemmys muhlenbergii
Threatened S/A
Carolina northern flying squirrel
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus
Endangered
Gray bat
Myotisgrisescens
Endangered
Northern long-eared bat
Myotis septentrionalis
Threatened
Virginia big -eared bat
Corynorhinus townsendii
virginianus
Endangered
Rusty patched bumble bee
Bombus affinis
Endangered
Spruce -fir moss spider
Microhexura montivaga
Endangered
Blue Ridge goldenrod
Solidago spithamaea
Threatened
Heller's blazing star
Liatris helleri
Threatened
Roan mountain bluet
Hedyotis purpurea var montanta
Endangered
Spreading avens
Geum radiatum
Endangered
Rock gnome lichen
Gymnoderma lineare
Endangered
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A database search from the NC Natural Heritage Program (NHP) dated January 29, 2020
provided existing data concerning the presence or potential occurrences of federal listed
species within one mile of the site (Appendix A). The NHP indicates that there are no
federal listed species within one mile of the site.
The protected species survey consisted of a pedestrian survey by CEC staff. During field
surveys, site habitats were identified and compared with recognized habitats for each of the
thirteen species potentially occurring on the site. Potential flora were identified to the
taxonomic unit level necessary to determine if the observed specimen was a protected
species.
3.0 HABITAT CLASSIFICATION
During our site visits on January 23, 2020 and July 8, 2020, CEC identified five habitats:
Rich Cove Forest, White Pine forest, Headwater Riparian Wetland, Basin or bog -like
wetland, and Primary succession ruderal habitat (Figure 4).
3.1 Rich cove forest
This habitat exists within valleys. These areas are dominated by a deciduous
hardwood canopy and dense shrub and sapling layers. Canopy pecies observed
include black cherry (Prunus serotina) , red maple (Acer rubrum) , tulip tree
(Liriodendron tulipifera), white pine (Pinus strobus), sourwood (Oxydendrum
arboretum), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and black birch (Betula lenta).
Understory layer included rhododendrons (Rhododendron sp.) mountain laurel
(Kalmia latifolia), mountain sweet pepperbush (Clethra acuminata), and
flowering dogwood (Cornus Florida). A sparse shrub layer included burning bush
(Euonymus alatus), and Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergi4. The sparse
herbaceous layer included grape fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), rattlesnake
plantain (Goodyera pubescens), club moss (Lycopodium clavatum), common lady
fern (Athyrium filix femina), partridge berry (Mitchella repens), Christmas fern
(Polystichum acrostichoides) , golden ragwort (Packera aurea) , and. cinquefoil
(Potentilla sp.). This habitat was moderately disturbed by a road crossing and
interspersed with the Riparian Wetland habitat.
3.2 Riparian wetland
This habitat is in drainages within the rich cove forest habitat. This habitat type had a
sparse canopy, with a moderately dense understory and shrub layer. Canopy species
include red maple, tag alder (Alnus serrulata), green ash (Fraxinuspennsylvanicum).
Understory species include rose (Rosa sp.), elderberry (Sambucus sp.), and saplings
of the canopy species. The herbaceous layer of this habitat was dense in some cases,
and absent/sparse in others. Where observed, the herbaceous layer included golden
ragwort, water horehound (Lycopus americanus), joe-pye weed (Eutrochium
purpureum) , threeway sedge (Dulichium arundinaceum) , unknown sedges (Carex
spp.), and jewel weed (Impatiens capensis).
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3.3 Basin or bog -like wetland
A unique wetland type which is a disturbed mining basin, that has undergone
primary succession developing over nutrient poor sandy/gravelly soils. The area is
devoid of canopy or shrub layer and canopy species at the edges appear stunted. This
habitat is not a bog, as it lacks the sphagnum moss and deep organic soils
characteristic of this habitat. However this habitat contains several herbaceous
species that are characteristic of bog habitats as indicated by the Guide to the Natural
Communities of North Carolina Fourth Approximation (2012 Schafale). Due to the
time of year the survey was conducted, identification of herbaceous species was
limited. Observed herbaceous species include Haircap moss (Polytrichum
appalachianum or P. commune) woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus), beaked sedge
(Rhynchospora sp.) , ladies tresses orchid (Spiranthes cernua) , little bluestem
(Schizachurium scoparium) , mountain yelloweyed grass (Xyris torta) , boneset
(Eupatorium sp.), and St. John's wort (Hypericum sp.).
3.4 White pine forest
This habitat is in an area formerly cleared during the active period of the 011is mine
site. The canopy consists entirely of even aged stand of white pine. This habitat has a
sparse understory layer that includes mountain laurel, rhododendron, sourwood, red
maple, American holly (Ilex opaca) , striped maple (Acer pennsylvanicum) eastern
hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), devil's. walking stick (Aralia spinosa), and several
ericaceous shrubs, possibly Deerberry ( Vaccinium stamineum), or Bear huckleberry
(Gaylussacia ursina), that we were unable to identify in winter.
3.5 Primary succession old mine site
This xeric/scrub ruderal habitat has very sparse cover, and lacks a canopy and
shrub layer. The ground surface is primarily quartz and mica gravel, with rock
outcrops, deep eroded rills, and steep topography. Stunted individuals of
mountain laurel, white pine, little bluestem, and various aster species (Asteracae)
which could not be identified were dominant, including several individuals of the
Solidago genus. While these could not be identified to species, the winter
presentation did not resemble the federally protected Blue Ridge goldenrod
(Solidago spithamaea) as they were greater than the typical height range (4-14
inches). Other observed species included an ericaceous shrub (possibly Vaccinium
sp.) , butterfly bush (Buddleja sp.) , mullein (Verbascum thapsus) rock polypody
(Polypodium virginianum) , and a creeping/trailing blackberry (Rubus sp.) ,
although it is unclear if the creeping habit is a characteristic of the variety or due
to the site conditions. In addition there were several plants unable to be identified
during this time of year.
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3.6 Mixed Hardwood
This habitat is present on mountain hillslopes and valleys that were not previously
disturbed by mining excavation. Typical canopy trees include chestnut oak
(Quercus montana) , northern red oak (Quercus rubra) , red maple, black cherry,
and white pine. Understory trees included red maple, rhododendron and mountain
laurel. Herbaceous species were sparse but included violets (viola sp,) pipsissewa
(Chimaphila umbellate), and rattlesnake plantain (Goodyera pubescens).
3.7 Soils
Soils mapped by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Avery
County Soil Survey for the site include: CeE- Chandler-Micaville complex, CuA-
Cullowhee loam, Px- Pits, quarries, Ua- Udorthents-urban land complex, and WaD-
Watauga sandy loam complex) (NRCS 2020) (Figure 5).
4.0 PROTECTED SPECIES
The following is a brief description of each federally listed species included in the survey, its
recognized habitat, and comments regarding survey results for that species.
4.1 Bald Eagle
Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) were removed from the endangered
species list in August 2007 because their populations recovered sufficiently. Bald
and Golden eagles are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)
and the Bald and Golden Eagle Act (Eagle Act) Distinguished by a white head
and white tail feathers, bald eagles are powerful, brown birds that may weigh 14
pounds and have a wingspan of 8 feet. Male eagles are smaller, weighing as much
as 10 pounds and have a wingspan of 6 feet. Sometimes confused with golden
eagles, bald eagles are mostly dark brown until they are four to five years old and
acquire their characteristic coloring. Bald eagles live near rivers, lakes, and
marshes where they can find fish, their staple food. Bald eagles will also feed on
waterfowl, turtles, rabbits, snakes, and other small animals and carrion. Bald
eagles require a good food base, perching areas, and nesting sites. Their habitat
includes estuaries, large lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and some seacoasts. In winter,
the birds congregate near open water in tall trees for spotting prey and night roosts
for sheltering. No bald eagle nests were observed on the site. It is the opinion of
CEC that the proposed project is not likely to adversely affect the bald eagle.
4.2 Bog Turtle
The bog turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergil) is federally listed as threatened in North
Carolina. This is the smallest emydid turtle, and one of the smallest turtles in the
world. Adult carapace length is 7.9 to 11.4 cm (3.1 to 4.5 inches) . The dark
brown or black carapace may be marked with radiating light lines or a light blotch
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on the vertebral and pleural scutes. Scute annuli are usually prominent in juvenile
and young adult specimens, but the carapace may be nearly smooth in old adults.
The head, neck, and limbs are typically dark brown with variable reddish to
yellow spots and streaks. A large reddish -orange to yellow blotch is visible
behind and above each tympanum, sometimes merging into a continuous band on
the neck. The upper jaw is weakly notched. The plastron is brown or black, but
often with lighter yellow blotches towards the medial and anterior scute edges. A
mature male bog turtle has a concave plastron and a long, thick tail, with the vent
posterior to the rear edge of the carapace with tail extended. The female has a flat
plastron and a thinner, smaller tail, with the vent at or beneath the rear carapace
edge. The southern population of the bog turtle, ranging from southern Virginia to
northern Georgia, is also protected with a threatened designation because its
physical appearance is similar to the northern population. The southern bog turtle
population is separated from the northern population by approximately 250 miles.
However, individual bog turtles in the southern population closely resemble
individuals in the northern bog turtle population, causing difficulty in enforcing
prohibitions protecting the northern population. Therefore, the FWS has
designated the southern population as "threatened (similarity of appearance)."
This designation prohibits collecting individual turtles from this population and
bans interstate and international commercial trade. It has no effect on land
management activities of private landowners in southern states where the bog
turtle lives. Bog turtles live in the mud, grass and sphagnum moss of bogs,
swamps, and marshy meadows. These wetlands are usually fed by cool springs
flowing slowly over the land, creating the wet, muddy soil needed by the turtles.
Suitable habitat for the bog turtle was not observed on site. It is the opinion of
CEC that the proposed project is not likely to adversely affect the bog turtle.
4.3 Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel
There are two species of flying squirrels in the Southern Appalachians — the
northern (Glaucomys sabrinus) and southern (Glaucomys volans). Northern
flying squirrels are about one-third larger than the very common southern species.
Also, northern flying squirrels are brown on their backs, and their fur fades to a
buff white on the belly. Southern flying squirrels are grayer on their backs with
bright white bellies, and a clearly defined (usually black) line separates the fur
colors. The endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel is a subspecies of the
northern flying squirrel. Flying squirrels are nocturnal and have large eyes to help
them see at night. They cannot actually fly, but glide by extending a fold of skin
that stretches from their wrists to their ankles. The flattened tail acts as a rudder.
Carolina northern flying squirrels are relicts of the last ice age. As the glaciers
retreated northward and temperatures rose, remnant populations remained in the
suitable habitat left behind on the high mountain tops along the ridges of the
Southern Appalachian Mountains. Northern flying squirrels principally feed on
certain fungi and lichens, though they do occasionally eat some fruits and nuts.
They're active year-round, but more so in the warmer summer months. They nest
in tree cavities in nests made almost exclusively of yellow birch bark, where two
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to six young are born in early spring. Groups of squirrels often occupy the same
tree cavity, particularly in the colder winter months. Northern flying squirrels are
typically found in areas where northern hardwoods, such as yellow birch, are
adjacent to the higher -elevation red spruce -Fraser fir forest. These habitats are
often moist and cool. The site does not support these higher elevation species
suitable for northern flying squirrel habitat. It is the opinion of CEC that project
is not likely to have any effect on the Carolina northern flying squirrel.
4.4 Gray bat
The gray bat (Myotis grisescens) is the largest member of its genus in the eastern
United States. Its forearm measures 40-46 mm, and it weighs from 7-16 grams. It
is easily distinguished from all other bats within its range by its mono -colored fur.
All other eastern bats have distinctly bi-or tri-colored fur on their backs.
Following molt in July or August, gray bats are dark gray, but they often bleach to
chestnut brown or russet between molts (especially apparent in reproductive
females during May and June). The wing membrane connects to the foot at the
ankle rather than at the base of the first toe, as in other species of Myotis. Gray
bats roost in caves year-round. Most winter caves are deep and vertical; all
provide large volume below the lowest entrance and act as cold air traps. A much
wider variety of cave types are used during spring and fall transient periods. In
summer, maternity colonies prefer caves that act as warm air traps or that provide
restricted rooms or domed ceilings that are capable of trapping the combined body
heat from thousands of clustered individuals. No naturally occurring suitable
habitat (caves) for the Gray bat was observed on this site. It is the opinion of CEC
that the proposed project is not likely to adversely affect the gray bat
4.5 Northern long-eared bat
The northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) is a medium-sized bat about
3 to 3.7 inches in length but with a wingspan of 9 to 10 inches. As its name
suggests, this bat is distinguished by its long ears, particularly as compared to
other bats in its genus, Myotis, which are actually bats noted for their small ears
(Myotis means mouse -eared). The northern long-eared bat is found across much
of the eastern and north central United States and all Canadian provinces from the
Atlantic coast west to the southern Northwest Territories and eastern British
Columbia. Northern long-eared bats spend winter hibernating in caves and mines,
called hibernacula. They typically use large caves or mines with large passages
and entrances; constant temperatures; and high humidity with no air currents. No
naturally occurring suitable wintering habitat for the northern long-eared bat
exists within the property boundary. Summer habitat for the Northern long-eared
bat consists of the cavities, hollows, cracks, or loose bark of live or dead trees
typically greater than three inches DBH (diameter at breast height). Suitable
summer habitat for the Northern long-eared bat was observed within the proposed
site. CEC consulted the FWS's "Northern Long -Eared Bat Consultation Areas"
map for Avery County. While the proposed project site is not in a Hydrologic
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Unit Code (HUC) identified as having known occurrences of hibernacula or
maternity sites, the project is within 1 mile of an adjacent HUC which does
contain known hibernacula/maternity sites. It is the opinion of CEC that the
proposed project is not likely to adversely affect the Northern long eared bat.
4.6 Virginia big -eared bat
The Virginia big -eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus) is a medium-
sized bat (less than half an ounce) is, as the name implies, characterized by large
ears (more than 1 inch long) that are connected across the forehead. It has mitten -
shaped glandular masses on the muzzle and elongated nostril openings. In the
early spring, females congregate in maternity colonies in the warm parts of certain
caves and give birth to a single young. Most males are solitary during this time.
The large offspring (25 % of the adult female's weight) are capable of fight in
about three weeks and are fully weaned at six weeks. Before the young can fly,
they females leave them in the cave while they forage, returning periodically to
allow the young to suckle. Virginia big -eared bats hibernate in the cooler, well -
ventilated portions of caves during the winter and may lose half their autumn
body weight before spring. The non -migratory Virginia big -eared bat inhabits
caves year-round. These caves are typically located in karst regions (landscape
characterized by limestone caves and sinkholes) dominated by oak -hickory or
beech -maple -hemlock forest. The major causes of the species' decline are loss of
habitat, vandalism, and increased human visitation to maternity roosts and
hibernacula. Virginia big -eared bats are extremely sensitive to human disturbance.
Even slight disturbances can cause adults to abandon caves, abandon young, and
force bats to use valuable energy reserves needed to survive hibernation. Suitable
habitat for the Virginia big -eared bats (caves) was not observed within the project
area. It is the opinion of CEC that the proposed project is not likely to adversely
affect the Virginia big -eared bat.
4.7 Rusty patched bumble bee
Rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis), is listed under Historic Record Status
in Mecklenburg County. Rusty patched bumble bees once occupied grasslands
and tallgrass prairies of the Upper Midwest and Northeast, but most grasslands
and prairies have been lost, degraded, or fragmented by conversion to other uses.
Bumble bees need areas that provide nectar and pollen from flowers, nesting sites
(underground and abandoned rodent cavities or clumps of grasses), and
overwintering sites for hibernating queens (undisturbed soil). Rusty patched
bumble bees live in colonies that include a single queen and female workers. The
colony produces males and new queens in late summer. Queens are the largest
bees in the colony, and workers are the smallest. All rusty patched bumble bees
have entirely black heads, but only workers and males have a rusty reddish patch
centrally located on the back. Bumble bees gather pollen and nectar from a variety
of flowering plants. The rusty patched emerges early in spring and is one of the
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last species to go into hibernation. It needs a constant supply and diversity of
flowers blooming throughout the colony's long life, April through September.
Potentially suitable habitat for rusty patched bumble bee was not found on site.
The only areas that contained relatively abundant wildflower cover are located
within the maintained/disturbed habitat. These corridors are frequently disturbed
by activities such as vehicle traffic, mowing, clearing, or herbicide application. It
is our understanding that the UFWS assume that the state of North Carolina is
unoccupied by the rusty patched bumble bee. It is the opinion of CEC that the
project is not likely to adversely affect the rusty patched bumble bee.
4.8 Spruce fir moss spider
The spruce -fir moss spider (Microhexura nomtivaga) is one of the smallest
members of the primitive suborder of spiders popularly referred to as "tarantulas."
Adults of this species measure only 0.10 to 0.15 inch (2.5 — 3.8 millimeters)
(about the size of a BB). Coloration of the spruce -fir moss spider ranges from
light brown to yellow -brown to a darker reddish brown, and there are no markings
on its abdomen. The spruce -fir moss spider only lives on the highest mountain
peaks in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina and
eastern Tennessee. The high elevation forests where this spider is found are
dominated by Fraser fir with scattered red spruce. This forest type is commonly
referred to as spruce -fir forests. The typical habitat of this spider is damp, but
well -drained moss mats growing on rocks and boulders in well -shaded areas
within these forests. The moss mats cannot be too dry (the species is very
sensitive to desiccation) or too wet (large drops of water can also pose a threat to
the spider). The spruce -fir moss spider is limited to a handful of mountains in
western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Spruce -fir forests were not
identified on site. It is the opinion of CEC that this project is not likely to
adversely affect the spruce -fir moss spider.
4.9 Blue Ridge Goldenrod
Federally listed as a threatened species, Blue Ridge goldenrod (Solidago
spithamaea) occupies rock outcrops, ledges, and cliffs at high elevations
(generally above 4,600 ft.). The soils upon which this species grows are generally
shallow and acidic. Blue Ridge goldenrods usually grow in full sun. Blue Ridge
goldenrod is a small perennial herb (4 to 8 inches tall). Its golden -yellow flowers
appear from late July to September, and fruits form and ripen from July to
October. Although there are many species of goldenrods, this one can be
distinguished by its flat-topped flowers, small stature, smooth foliage, and
toothed, non -clasping stem leaves. Suitable habitat for Blue ridge goldenrod was
not found on site. It is the opinion of CEC that the proposed project is not likely to
adversely affect the Blue Ridge goldenrod.
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4.10 Heller's Blazing star
Heller's blazing star (Liatris helleri) is a perennial herb of the aster family with
one or more erect stems up to 16 inches (40 cm) tall, which grow from a tuft of
pale green leaves at the base of the plant. Upper leaves are alternate, long and
narrow. Flowers are tubular, lavender, and are clustered into heads which are
scattered along the stem in a showy spike, 3- 8 inches long. Fruits are small
nutlets. Note: there are several similar species; the most reliable distinguishing
characteristic of Heller's blazing star is that the outer protective parts of the
flower (the pappus) are only half or less the length of the entire tube that makes
up the flower. In other species, the protective parts (pappus) are more than half
the length of the flower tube. The Heller's blazing star habitat is high -elevation,
rock ledges in shallow, acidic soil exposed to full sunlight. Endemic to the Blue
Ridge mountains of North Carolina. Only eight populations remain in Ashe,
Avery, Burke, Caldwell, and Watauga counties. Little is known about why this
species is declining and vanishing. Suspected reasons for decline are commercial
and heavy recreational development. Soil erosion and compaction from road and
building construction degrade the species' habitat. Trampling by hikers climbers,
and sightseers creates additional stress to plants and habitat. Other potential
threats are natural disturbance from rock slides, severe droughts, acid
precipitation, fire suppression, as well as possible lack of genetic variability due
to small numbers and isolated locations of the populations. Blue Ridge goldenrod,
Roan Mountain bluet, and spreading avens, all of which are federally listed
species, may be found in association with Heller's blazing star. While rock ledges
in shallow, acidic soil exposed to full sunlight were found on site, this is not
suitable habitat for Heller's blazing star due to the level of disturbance from
mining activity. It is the opinion of CEC that this project is not likely to adversely
affect the Heller's blazing star.
4.11 Roan mountain bluet
The Roan Mountain bluet (Houstonia purpurea var. montana) is endemic to western
North Carolina and eastern Tennessee mountain -top habitat with rocky exposures,
grassy balds, and cliffs at high elevations of 4,590 to 6,230 feet. It typically grows in
gravelly filled pockets between rocks. It is easily distinguished from other bluets by
its relatively large reddish -purple flowers, small oval leaves, and compact growth
form. The funnel -shaped flowers blossom from late May through September, with
peak flowering in June and July. The fruits are small, nearly round capsules
containing many seeds, and open in late August through September. Roan Mountain
bluet grows about 8" tall. Adjacent forests are dominated by red spruce (Picea
rubens) and Fraser fir (Abies fraseri). Suitable habitat for Roan Mountain bluet was
not identified on site. It is the opinion of CEC that this project is not likely to
adversely affect the Roan Mountain bluet.
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. Page 9
Project #671 011is Waste Area Expansion

4.12 Spreading Avens
Spreading avens (Geum radiatum) is a tall perennial herb growing 8 - 20 inches
(in) (20.3 — 50.8 centimeters; cm) tall. Its distinctive bright yellow flowers, which
are generally up to 1 in (2.5 cm) across) appear from June through September, and
fruits form and ripen from August through October. This species grows in full sun
on the shallow acidic soils of high -elevation cliffs (above 4,200 feet (1,280
meters)), rocky outcrops, steep slopes, and on gravelly talus. It is known to occur
only on high mountain peaks in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee.
Being confined to small areas on a few rocky mountain summits, this species is
extremely vulnerable to such seemingly minor threats as trampling by hikers,
climbers, and sightseers, as well as to more pervasive threats such as acid
precipitation, and other forms of air pollution. An exotic insect, the balsam woolly
adelgid, contributes to the decline of the fir forests adjacent to the cliffs where
Spreading avens grows. Although Spreading avens does not grow beneath dense
forest, the death of the adjacent forests results in drier and hotter conditions, as
well as increased soil erosion. All of these factors threaten the last remaining
Spreading avens populations. Similar habitat for spreading avens was observed on
site, including shallow acidic soil, rocky outcrops, steep slopes and gravelly talus.
However, suitable habitat for spreading avens was not identified on site due to the
level of disturbance from the mining activities. It is the opinion of CEC that the
proposed project is not likely to adversely affect the spreading avens.
4.13 Rock Gnome Lichen
Federally listed as an endangered species, rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma
lineare) occurs on rocks in areas of high humidity either at high elevations
(usually vertical cliff faces) or on boulders and large rock outcrops in deep river
gorges at lower elevations. Distinguishing characteristics include dense colonies
of narrow (.04 inch) straps that are blue -grey on the upper surface and generally
shiny -white on the lower surface. Near the base they grade to black (the similar
species of Squamulose cladonias are never blackened toward the base). Fruiting
bodies are borne at the tips of the straps and are black (similar Cladonia species
have brown or red fruiting bodies). Flowering occurs July through September.
Suitable habitat for this species was not observed in the project area. Although
rock outcrops exist on the project site, they are not in an area of high humidity. In
addition, the site is a disturbed mine and there would be not enough opportunity
for lichens to form on the newly exposed rock face. It is the opinion of CEC that
the project is not likely to have any effect on the rock gnome lichen.
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. Page 10
Project #671 011is Waste Area Expansion

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
During completion of threatened and endangered species habitat assessments for the 011is
Waste Area Expansion, CEC observed suitable habitat for the northern long-eared bat
within the proposed site. CEC consulted the FWS's "Northern Long -Eared Bat Consultation
Areas" map for Avery County. While the proposed project site is not in a Hydrologic Unit
Code (HUC) identified as having known occurrences of hibernacula or maternity sites, the
project is within 1 mile of an adjacent HUC which does contain known
hibernacula/maternity sites. It is the opinion of CEC that the proposed project is not likely
to adversely affect the Northern long eared bat.
As such, development of the 011is Waste Area Expansion is not likely to adversely affect
federally threatened or endangered species. Because of the transitory nature of some of the
listed threatened and endangered species and the particular flower/fruiting periods of some
plants; it is possible that endangered species populations and locations may change over
time. Therefore, any potential findings at a later date should be fully investigated and
coordinated with appropriate agencies to prevent potential adverse impacts.
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. Page 11
Project #671 011is Waste Area Expansion

6.0 REFERENCES
NCNHP (North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Database). 2019.
http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/nhp/database-search; accessed January 2020
NCNHP 2012. Guide to the Natural Communities of North Carolina Fourth
approximation. Schafale, Michael.
NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service). 2020. Web Soil Survey for Avery
County. http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov; Accessed December 2019.
USFWS (United States Fish and Wildlife Service Database).
2020.http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/cntylist/nc counties.html;
accessedJanuary 2020.
USFWS 2018. Heller's Blazing Star. Rebecca Reid.
https://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_hellers_blazing_star.html; accessed
January 2020.
USFWS 2017. Rusty Patched Bumble Bee Fact Sheet.
https://www.fws. gov/midwest/endangered/insects/rpbb/pdf/RPBBFactSheet 10Jan
2017.pdf; accessed January 2020
USFWS 2016. Northern Long -Eared Bat Consultation Areas- Avery
County.USFWS Ecological Services, Asheville NC. Map Date 6/1/2016.
USFWS 2011. Rock Gnome Lichen Fact Sheet. Asheville Field Office.
https://www.fws.gov/southeast/pdf/fact-sheet/rock-gnome-lichen.pdf; accessed
January 2020.
USFWS 2011. Spreading Avens Fact Sheet. Asheville Field Office.
https://www.fws.gov/southeast/pdf/fact-sheet/spreading-avens.pdf; accessed
January 2020
USFWS 2011. Roan Mountain Bluet Fact Sheet. Asheville Field Office.
https://www.fws.gov/southeast/pdf/fact-sheet/roan-mountain-bluet.pdf; accessed
January 2020
USFWS 2011. Blue Ridge Goldenrod Fact Sheet. Asheville Field Office.
https://www.fws.gov/southeast/pdf/fact-sheet/blue-ridge-goldenrod; accessed
January 2020
USFWS 2011. Spruce -fir moss spider Fact Sheet. Asheville Field Office.
https : //www. fws. gov/southeast/pdf/fact-sheet/spru ce-fir-moss-spider. pdf;
accessed January 2020
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. Page 12
Project #671 011is Waste Area Expansion

USFWS 2011. Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel Fact Sheet. Asheville Field Office.
https://www.fws. gov/southeast/pdf/fact-sheet/carolina-northern-flying-
squirrel.pdf; accessed January 2020
USFWS 2013. Virginia Big -Eared Bat Fact Sheet. Asheville Field Office.
https://www.fws.gov/southeast/pdf/fact-sheet/virginia-big-eared-bat.pdf; accessed
January 2020
USFWS 1997. Gray Bat Fact Sheet.
https://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/mammals/pdf/gray-bat.pdf; Accessed
January 2020
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. Page 13
Project #671 011is Waste Area Expansion

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion
z Goo
i 62
A u
0 t~
a"
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a
Spruce
Pine
226
0
3
c
Legend
j Project Boundary
D awn by: AKT 1.14.20. CEC Project# 671
a
1194,
Project Boundary
7
G
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21
LLI
Avery County,
North Carolina
CLearWater
Vicinity Map
Figure 1
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801

Sibelco - 011is Waste Area Expansion
Legend
Lj Project Boundary
Drawn by: AKT 7.14.2020; CEC Project# 671
Avery County,
North Carolina
CLearWaker
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
USGS Topographic Quad
Linville Falls Quad
Figure 2

Sibelco- 011is Waste Area Expansion
Legend
j Project Boundary
Avery County,
North Carolina
CLearWaker
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Aerial Photograph
NCCGIA (2018)
Figure 3

Sibelco- 011is Waste Area Expansion
Avery County,
North Carolina
CLearWaker
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Habitat Map
Figure 4

Sibelco- 011is Waste Area Expansion
Legend
soil
CeE - Chandler-Micaville complex
CuA - Cullowhee loam
Px - Pits, quarries
Ua - Udorthents-Urban land complex
WaD - Watauga sandy loam complex
L__.i Project Boundary
Avery County,
North Carolina
CLearWaker
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
USDA Soil Map
NRCS Web Soil Survey
Figure 5

Appendix A:
US Fish and Wildlife Service County Database
Information and NC Natural Heritage Program Data

Endangered Species, Threatened Species,Federal Species of Concern,
and Candidate Species,
Avery County, North Carolina
Updated: 011-13-2019
Critical Habitat Designations:
Spruce -fir moss spider - Microhexura montivaga - All areas of privately owned Grandfather Mountain at and
above the 1,646-m (5,400-ft) contour, and all portions of the Pisgah National Forest in North Carolina and the
Cherokee National Forest in Tennessee, bounded to the north and to the south of the North Carolina/Tennessee
state line by the 1,646-m (5,400-ft) contour, from the intersection of the 1,646-m (5,400-ft) contour with the
State line north of Elk Hollow Branch, Avery County, North Carolina, and southwest of Yellow Mountain,
Carter County, Tennessee, west to the 1,646-m (5,400-ft) contour at Eagle Cliff, Mitchell County, North
Carolina. Within these areas, the primary constituent elements include (1) Fraser fir or fir -dominated spruce -fir
forests at and above 1,646-m (5,400-m) in elevation, and (2) moderately thick and humid, but not wet, moss
(species in the genus Dicranodontium, and possibly Polytrichum) and/or liverwort mats on rock surfaces that are
adequately sheltered from the sun and rain (by overhang and aspect) and include a thin layer of humid soil
and/or humus between the moss and rock surface.
Federal Register Reference: July6, 2001, Federal Register, 66:35547-35566.
Common Name
Vertebrate:
Allegheny woodrat
Appalachian Bewick's wren
Appalachian cottontail
Bald eagle
Bog turtle
Carolina northern flying squirrel
Eastern small -footed bat
Gray bat
Hellbender
Scientific name Federal Record Status
Status
Neotoma magister
Thryomanes bewickii altus
Sylvilagus obscurus
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Glyptemys muhlenbergii
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus
Myotis leibii
Myotis grisescens
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
FSC
FSC
FSC
BGPA
T (S/A)
E
ARS
E
ARS
Current
Historic
Current
Current
Current
Current
Current
Probably/Potential
Current

Northern long-eared bat
Northern saw -whet owl (Southern
Appalachian population)
Pygmy salamander
Red crossbill (Southern
Appalachian)
Southern Appalachian black -
capped chickadee
Southern water shrew
Virginia big -eared bat
Yellow -bellied sapsucker
(Southern Appalachian population)
Invertebrate:
Regal fritillary (butterfly)
Rusty -patched bumble bee
Spruce -fir moss spider
Vascular Plant:
Bent avens
BlueRidge goldenrod
Butternut
Carolina hemlock
Fraser fir
Gray's lily
Heller's blazing star
Roan mountain bluet
Spreading avens
Nonvascular Plant:
a liverwort
a liverwort
a liverwort
Lichen:
Rock gnome lichen
Myotis septentrionalis
Aegolius acadicus pop. 1
Desmognathus wrighti
Loxia curvirostra
Poecile atricapillus practicus
Sorex palustris punctulatus
Corynorhinus townsendii
virginianus
Sphyrapicus varius appalachiensis
Speyeria idalia
Bombus affinis
Microhexura montivaga
Geum geniculatum
Solidago spithamaea
Juglans cinerea
Tsuga caroliniana
Abies fraseri
Lilium grayi
Liatris helleri
Hedyotis purpurea var. montana
Geum radiatum
Plagiochila sullivantii var.
sullivantii
Sphenolobopsis pearsonii
Plagiochila virginica var.
caroliniana
Gymnoderma lineare
T Current
FSC Current
FSC Current
FSC Current
FSC Current
FSC Current
E Current
FSC Current
ARS Historic
E Historic
E Current
FSC Current
T Current
FSC Current
ARS Current
FSC Current
FSC Current
T Current
E Current
E Current
FSC Current
FSC Current
FSC Historic
E Current
Definitions of Federal Status Codes:
E = endangered. A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
T = threatened. A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its range."
C = candidate. A taxon under consideration for official listing for which there is sufficient information to support
listing. (Formerly "C1" candidate species.)
BGPA =Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. See below.
ARS = At Risk Species. Species that are Petitioned, Candidates or Proposed for Listing under the Endangered
Species Act. Consultation under Section 7(a)(2) of the ESA is not required for Candidate or Proposed species;
although a Conference, as described under Section 7(a)(4) of the ESA is recommended for actions affecting
species proposed for listing.
FSC=Federal Species of Concern. FSC is an informal term. It is not defined in the federal Endangered Species

Act. In North Carolina, the Asheville and Raleigh Field Offices of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Service)
define Federal Species of Concern as those species that appear to be in decline or otherwise in need of
conservation and are under consideration for listing or for which there is insufficient information to support
listing at this time. Subsumed under the term "FSC" are all species petitioned by outside parties and other
selected focal species identified in Service strategic plans, State Wildlife Action Plans, or Natural Heritage
Program Lists.
T(S/A) = threatened due to similarity of appearance. A taxon that is threatened due to similarity of appearance
with another listed species and is listed for its protection. Taxa listed as T(S/A) are not biologically endangered
or threatened and are not subject to Section 7 consultation. See below.
EXP = experimental population. A taxon listed as experimental (either essential or nonessential). Experimental,
nonessential populations of endangered species (e.g., red wolf) are treated as threatened species on public land,
for consultation purposes, and as species proposed for listing on private land.
P = proposed. Taxa proposed for official listing as endangered or threatened will be noted as "PE" or "PT",
respectively.
Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGPA):
In the July 9, 2007 Federal Register( 72:37346-37372), the bald eagle was declared recovered, and removed (de-
listed) from the Federal List of Threatened and Endangered wildlife. This delisting took effect August 8,2007.
After delisting, the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (Eagle Act) (16 U.S.C. 668-668d) becomes the
primary law protecting bald eagles. The Eagle Act prohibits take of bald and golden eagles and provides a
statutory definition of "take" that includes "disturb". The USFWS has developed National Bald Eagle
Management Guidelines to provide guidance to land managers, landowners, and others as to how to avoid
disturbing bald eagles. For mor information, visit http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/baldeagle.htm
Threatened due to similarity of appearance(T(S/A)):
In the November 4, 1997 Federal Register (55822-55825), the northern population of the bog turtle (from New
York south to Maryland) was listed as T (threatened), and the southern population (from Virginia south to
Georgia) was listed as T(S/A) (threatened due to similarity of appearance). The T(S/A) designation bans the
collection and interstate and international commercial trade of bog turtles from the southern population. The
T(S/A) designation has no effect on land management activities by private landowners in North Carolina, part of
the southern population of the species. In addition to its official status as T(S/A), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service considers the southern population of the bog turtle as a Federal species of concern due to habitat loss.
Definitions of Record Status:
Current - the species has been observed in the county within the last 50 years.
Historic - the species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
Obscure - the date and/or location of observation is uncertain.
Incidental/migrant - the species was observed outside of its normal range or habitat.
Probable/potential - the species is considered likely to occur in this county based on the proximity of known
records (in adjacent counties), the presence of potentially suitable habitat, or both.

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Northern Long -Eared Bat Consultation Areas
Avery County
ROAN
MOUNTAIN
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MOUNTAIN
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'Spruce Pine
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A,
Geographi E ri
North Carolina County Boundary
Watersheds with Known NLEB Maternity Trees or Hibernation Sites
If your project falls within
the red areas identified in
Avery County, please
contact the USFWS
Asheville Field Office.
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5 Kilometers Map Date: 6/1/2016
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- ■••
•:• • NC DEPARTMENT OF
•
■ w.•■ NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
• ■•s
Roy Cooper, Governor
Susi Hamilton, Secretary
Walter Ciark, Director, Land and Water Stewardship
NCNHDE-11242
January 29, 2020
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, NC 28801
RE: 011is Waste Area Expansion; 671
Dear ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.:
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) appreciates the opportunity to provide
information about natural heritage resources for the project referenced above.
Based on the project area mapped with your request, a query of the NCNHP database indicates that
there are no records for rare species, important natural communities, natural areas, and/or
conservation/managed areas within the proposed project boundary. Please note that although there
may be no documentation of natural heritage elements within the project boundary, it does not
imply or confirm their absence; the area may not have been surveyed. The results of this query
should not be substituted for field surveys where suitable habitat exists. In the event that rare
species are found within the project area, please contact the NCNHP so that we may update our
records.
The attached `Potential Occurrences' table summarizes rare species and natural communities that
have been documented within a one -mile radius of the property boundary. The proximity of these
records suggests that these natural heritage elements may potentially be present in the project area
if suitable habitat exists. Tables of natural areas and conservation/managed areas within a one -mile
radius of the project area, if any, are also included in this report.
If a Federally -listed species is found within the project area or is indicated within a one -mile radius of
the project area, the NCNHP recommends contacting the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for
guidance. Contact information for USFWS offices in North Carolina is found here:
https://www.fws.gov/offices/Directory/ListOffices.cfm?statecode=37.
Please note that natural heritage element data are maintained for the purposes of conservation
planning, project review, and scientific research, and are not intended for use as the primary criteria
for regulatory decisions. Information provided by the NCNHP database may not be published
without prior written notification to the NCNHP, and the NCNHP must be credited as an information
source in these publications. Maps of NCNHP data may not be redistributed without permission.
The NC Natural Heritage Program may follow this letter with additional correspondence if a
Dedicated Nature Preserve, Registered Heritage Area, Clean Water Management Trust Fund
easement, or Federally -listed species are documented near the project area.
If you have questions regarding the information provided in this letter or need additional assistance,
please contact Rodney A. Butler at rodney.butlerna ncdcr.gov or 919-707-8603.
Sincerely,
NC Natural Heritage Program
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
121 W. JONES STREET, RALEIGH_ fvc 27603 • 16S1 mit SERVICE CENTER. RALEIGH. NC 27&39
OFC J19.707,9120 • FA7C 919.707.9z21I

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Appendix C:
NC SAM and NC WAM

NC SAM FIELD ASSESSMENT RESULTS
Accompanies User Manual Version 2.1
USACE AID #: NCDWR #:
INSTRUCTIONS: Attach a sketch of the assessment area and photographs. Attach a copy of the USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle,
and circle the location of the stream reach under evaluation. If multiple stream reaches will be evaluated on the same property, identify and
number all reaches on the attached map, and include a separate form for each reach. See the NC SAM User Manual for detailed descriptions
and explanations of requested information. Record in the "Notes/Sketch" section if supplementary measurements were performed. See the
NC SAM User Manual for examples of additional measurements that may be relevant.
NOTE EVIDENCE OF STRESSORS AFFECTING THE ASSESSMENT AREA (do not need to be within the assessment area).
PROJECT/SITE INFORMATION:
1. Project name (if any): 011is Waste Area Expansion 2. Date of evaluation: 1/23/2020
Clearwater Environmental
3. Applicant/owner name: Sibelco/Unimin 4. Assessor name/organization: Consultants
5. County: Avery 6. Nearest named water body
7. River basin: French Broad on USGS 7.5-minute quad: Brushy Creek
8. Site coordinates (decimal degrees, at lower end of assessment reach): 35.954531; -81.980793
STREAM INFORMATION: (depth and width can be approximations)
9. Site number (show on attached map): S2 10. Length of assessment reach evaluated (feet): 197
11. Channel depth from bed (in riffle, if present) to top of bank (feet): 1.5 ❑Unable to assess channel depth.
12. Channel width at top of bank (feet): 4 13. Is assessment reach a swamp steam? Yes No
14. Feature type: ®Perennial flow ❑Intermittentflow ❑Tidal Marsh Stream
STREAM CATEGORY INFORMATION:
15. NC SAM Zone: ® Mountains (M) ❑ Piedmont (P) ❑ Inner Coastal Plain (I) ❑ Outer Coastal Plain (0)
16. Estimated geomorphic
valley shape (skip for
Tidal Marsh Stream):
❑A� J ®B
(more sinuous stream, flatter valley slope) (less sinuous stream, steeper valley slope)
17. Watershed size: (skip ®Size 1 (< 0.1 mi2) Size 2 (0.1 to < 0.5 mi2) Size 3 (0.5 to < 5 mi2) Size 4 (>_ 5 mil)
for Tidal Marsh Stream)
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
18. Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
▪ Section 10 water
❑ Essential Fish Habitat
▪ Publicly owned property
®Classified Trout Waters
▪ Primary Nursery Area
❑ NCDWR Riparian buffer rule in effect
▪ Water Supply Watershed (❑I ❑II ❑III ❑IV ❑V)
❑ High Quality Waters/Outstanding Resource Waters
▪ Nutrient Sensitive Waters
❑ Anadromous fish 0303(d) List ❑CAMA Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)
▪ Documented presence of a federal and/or state listed protected species within the assessment area.
List species:
▪ Designated Critical Habitat (list species)
19. Are additional stream information/supplementary measurements included in "Notes/Sketch" section or attached? Yes No
1. Channel Water - assessment reach metric (skip for Size 1 streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
®A Water throughout assessment reach.
❑ B No flow, water in pools only.
❑ C No water in assessment reach.
2. Evidence of Flow Restriction - assessment reach metric
®A At least 10% of assessment reach in -stream habitat or riffle -pool sequence is severely affected by a flow restriction or fill to the
point of obstructing flow or a channel choked with aquatic macrophytes or ponded water or impoundment on flood or ebb within
the assessment reach (examples: undersized or perched culverts, causeways that constrict the channel, tidal gates, debris jams,
beaver dams).
❑ B NotA
3. Feature Pattern - assessment reach metric
®A A majority of the assessment reach has altered pattern (examples: straightening, modification above or below culvert).
❑ B NotA
4. Feature Longitudinal Profile - assessment reach metric
®A Majority of assessment reach has a substantially altered stream profile (examples: channel down -cutting, existing damming, over
widening, active aggradation, dredging, and excavation where appropriate channel profile has not reformed from any of these
disturbances).
❑ B NotA
5. Signs of Active Instability - assessment reach metric
Consider only current instability, not past events from which the stream has currently recovered. Examples of instability include
active bank failure, active channel down -cutting (head -cut), active widening, and artificial hardening (such as concrete, gabion, rip -rap).
❑ A < 10% of channel unstable
❑ B 10 to 25% of channel unstable
®C > 25% of channel unstable

6. Streamside Area Interaction — streamside area metric
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB).
LB RB
❑ A ❑A Little or no evidence of conditions that adversely affect reference interaction
❑ B ❑B Moderate evidence of conditions (examples: berms, levees, down -cutting, aggradation, dredging) that adversely affect
reference interaction (examples: limited streamside area access, disruption of flood flows through streamside area, leaky
or intermittent bulkheads, causeways with floodplain constriction, minor ditching [including mosquito ditching])
®C ®C Extensive evidence of conditions that adversely affect reference interaction (little to no floodplain/intertidal zone access
[examples: causeways with floodplain and channel constriction, bulkheads, retaining walls, fill, stream incision, disruption
of flood flows through streamside area] or too much floodplain/intertidal zone access [examples: impoundments, intensive
mosquito ditching]) or floodplain/intertidal zone unnaturally absent or assessment reach is a man-made feature on an
interstream divide
7. Water Quality Stressors — assessment reach/intertidal zone metric
Check all that apply.
❑ A Discolored water in stream or intertidal zone (milky white, blue, unnatural water discoloration, oil sheen, stream foam)
®B Excessive sedimentation (burying of stream features or intertidal zone)
❑ C Noticeable evidence of pollutant discharges entering the assessment reach and causing a water quality problem
❑ D Odor (not including natural sulfide odors)
❑ E Current published or collected data indicating degraded water quality in the assessment reach. Cite source in "Notes/Sketch"
section.
❑ F Livestock with access to stream or intertidal zone
❑ G Excessive algae in stream or intertidal zone
❑ H Degraded marsh vegetation in the intertidal zone (removal, burning, regular mowing, destruction, etc)
❑ I Other: (explain in "Notes/Sketch" section)
❑ J Little to no stressors
8. Recent Weather — watershed metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
For Size 1 or 2 streams, D1 drought or higher is considered a drought; for Size 3 or 4 streams, D2 drought or higher is considered a drought.
❑ A Drought conditions and no rainfall or rainfall not exceeding 1 inch within the last 48 hours
❑ B Drought conditions and rainfall exceeding 1 inch within the last 48 hours
®C No drought conditions
9. Large or Dangerous Stream — assessment reach metric
▪ Yes No Is stream is too large or dangerous to assess? If Yes, skip to Metric 13 (Streamside Area Ground Surface Condition).
10. Natural In -stream Habitat Types — assessment reach metric
10a. Yes No Degraded in -stream habitat over majority of the assessment reach (examples of stressors include excessive
sedimentation, mining, excavation, in -stream hardening [for example, rip -rap], recent dredging, and snagging)
(evaluate for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams only, then skip to Metric 12)
10b. Check all that occur (occurs if > 5% coverage of assessment reach) (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams)
❑ A Multiple aquatic macrophytes and aquatic mosses OF 5% oysters or other natural hard bottoms
(include liverworts, lichens, and algal mats) III Submerged aquatic vegetation
❑B Multiple sticks and/or leaf packs and/or emergent o . ❑H Low tide refugia (pools)
vegetation -8 r ❑I Sand bottom
❑ C Multiple snags and logs (including lap trees) r E El 5% vertical bank along the marsh
❑D 5% undercut banks and/or root mats and/or roots 0 ❑K Little or no habitat
in banks extend to the normal wetted perimeter
®E Little or no habitat
*********************************REMAINING QUESTIONS ARE NOT APPLICABLE FOR TIDAL MARSH STREAMS**************************
11. Bedform and Substrate — assessment reach metric (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
11 a. Yes No Is assessment reach in a natural sand -bed stream? (skip for Coastal Plain streams)
11 b. Bedform evaluated. Check the appropriate box(es).
❑ A Riffle -run section (evaluate 11c)
❑ B Pool -glide section (evaluate 11d)
®C Natural bedform absent (skip to Metric 12, Aquatic Life)
11c. In riffle sections, check all that occur below the normal wetted perimeter of the assessment reach — whether or not submerged. Check
at least one box in each row (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams). Not Present (NP) = absent, Rare
(R) = present but < 10%, Common (C) = > 10-40%, Abundant (A) = > 40-70%, Predominant (P) = > 70%. Cumulative percentages
should not exceed 100% for each assessment reach.
NP R C A P
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Bedrock/saprolite
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Boulder (256 — 4096 mm)
❑ ® ❑ ❑ ❑ Cobble (64 — 256 mm)
❑ ❑ ❑ ® ❑ Gravel (2 — 64 mm)
❑ ❑ ❑ ® ❑ Sand (.062 — 2 mm)
❑ ® ❑ ❑ ❑ Silt/clay (< 0.062 mm)
❑ ❑ ® ❑ ❑ Detritus
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Artificial (rip -rap, concrete, etc.)
11d. Yes No Are pools filled with sediment? (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)

12. Aquatic Life — assessment reach metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
12a. Yes ®No Was an in -stream aquatic life assessment performed as described in the User Manual?
If No, select one of the following reasons and skip to Metric 13. No Water ❑Other:
12b. ❑Yes No Are aquatic organisms present in the assessment reach (look in riffles, pools, then snags)? If Yes, check all that
apply. If No, skip to Metric 13.
1 >1 Numbers over columns refer to "individuals" for Size 1 and 2 streams and "taxa" for Size 3 and 4 streams.
❑ ❑Adult frogs
❑ Aquatic reptiles
❑ Aquatic macrophytes and aquatic mosses (include liverworts, lichens, and algal mats)
❑ ❑Beetles
❑ ®Caddisfly larvae (T)
❑ Asian clam (Corbicula)
❑ Crustacean (isopod/amphipod/crayfish/shrimp)
❑ ❑Damselfly and dragonfly larvae
❑ ❑Dipterans
❑ ❑Mayfly larvae (E)
❑ ❑Megaloptera (alderfly, fishfly, dobsonfly larvae)
❑ ❑Midges/mosquito larvae
❑ Mosquito fish (Gambusia) or mud minnows (Umbra pygmaea)
❑ ❑Mussels/Clams (not Corbicula)
❑ ❑Other fish
❑ ❑Salamanders/tadpoles
❑ ❑Snails
❑ ®Stonefly larvae (P)
❑ ❑Tipulid larvae
❑ ❑Worms/leeches
13. Streamside Area Ground Surface Condition — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams and B valley types)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB). Consider storage capacity with regard to both overbank flow and upland runoff.
LB RB
❑ A ❑A Little or no alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area
®B ®B Moderate alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area
❑ C ❑C Severe alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area (examples: ditches, fill, soil compaction,
livestock disturbance, buildings, man-made levees, drainage pipes)
14. Streamside Area Water Storage — streamside area metric (skip for Size 1 streams, Tidal Marsh Streams, and B valley types)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB) of the streamside area.
LB RB
❑ A ❑A Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water >_ 6 inches deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
®C ®C Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
15. Wetland Presence — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB). Do not consider wetlands outside of the streamside area or within the normal
wetted perimeter of assessment reach.
LB RB
❑ Y ❑Y Are wetlands present in the streamside area?
®N ®N
16. Baseflow Contributors — assessment reach metric (skip for Size 4 streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all contributors within the assessment reach or within view of and draining to the assessment reach.
❑ A Streams and/or springs (jurisdictional discharges)
❑ B Ponds (include wet detention basins; do not include sediment basins or dry detention basins)
❑ C Obstruction passing flow during low -flow periods within the assessment area (beaver dam, leaky dam, bottom -release dam, weir)
❑ D Evidence of bank seepage or sweating (iron in water indicates seepage)
®E Stream bed or bank soil reduced (dig through deposited sediment if present)
❑ F None of the above
17. Baseflow Detractors — assessment area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all that apply.
❑ A Evidence of substantial water withdrawals from the assessment reach (includes areas excavated for pump installation)
®B Obstruction not passing flow during low -flow periods affecting the assessment reach (ex: watertight dam, sediment deposit)
❑ C Urban stream (>_ 24% impervious surface for watershed)
❑ D Evidence that the streamside area has been modified resulting in accelerated drainage into the assessment reach
❑ E Assessment reach relocated to valley edge
❑ F None of the above
18. Shading — assessment reach metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider aspect. Consider "leaf -on" condition.
®A Stream shading is appropriate for stream category (may include gaps associated with natural processes)
❑ B Degraded (example: scattered trees)
❑ C Stream shading is gone or largely absent

19. Buffer Width — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider "vegetated buffer" and "wooded buffer" separately for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB) starting at the top of bank out
to the first break.
24. Vegetative Composition — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Evaluate the dominant vegetation within 100 feet of each bank or to the edge of the watershed (whichever comes first) as it contributes to
assessment reach habitat.
RB
❑ A Vegetation is close to undisturbed in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of native species,
with non-native invasive species absent or sparse.
Vegetation indicates disturbance in terms of species diversity or proportions, but is still largely composed of native
species. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clear -cutting or clearing or
communities with non-native invasive species present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata or
communities missing understory but retaining canopy trees.
Vegetation is severely disturbed in terms of species diversity or proportions. Mature canopy is absent or communities
with non-native invasive species dominant over a large portion of expected strata or communities composed of planted
stands of non -characteristic species or communities inappropriately composed of a single species or no vegetation.
25. Conductivity — assessment reach metric (skip for all Coastal Plain streams)
25a. Yes No Was conductivity measurement recorded?
If No, select one of the following reasons. No Water ❑Other:
25b. Check the box corresponding to the conductivity measurement (units of microsiemens per centimeter).
❑A < 46 ❑B 46 to < 67 ❑C 67 to < 79 ❑D 79 to < 230 ❑E >_ 230
Vegetated
LB RB
❑ A ®A
❑ B ❑B
❑ C ❑C
®D ❑D
❑ E ❑E
Wooded
LB RB
❑A ®A
❑ B ❑B
❑ C ❑C
®D ❑D
❑E ❑E
20. Buffer Structure
Consider for left
LB RB
❑A
®B
❑ C
❑D
❑E
❑A
®B
❑ C
❑D
❑E
>_ 100 feet wide or extends to the edge of the watershed
From 50 to < 100 feet wide
From 30 to < 50 feet wide
From 10 to < 30 feet wide
< 10 feet wide or no trees
— streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
bank (LB) and right bank (RB) for Metric 19 ("Vegetated" Buffer Width).
Mature forest
Non -mature woody vegetation or modified vegetation structure
Herbaceous vegetation with or without a strip of trees < 10 feet wide
Maintained shrubs
Little or no vegetation
21. Buffer Stressors — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all appropriate boxes for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB). Indicate if listed stressor abuts stream (Abuts), does not abut but is
within 30 feet of stream (< 30 feet), or is between 30 to 50 feet of stream (30-50 feet).
If none of the following stressors occurs on either bank, check here and skip to Metric 22:
Abuts < 30 feet 30-50 feet
LB RB LB RB LB RB
❑ A ❑A ❑A ❑A ❑A ❑A
❑ B ❑B ❑B ❑B ❑B ❑B
❑ C ❑C ❑C ❑C ❑C ❑C
❑ D ❑D ❑D ❑D ❑D ❑D
Row crops
Maintained turf
Pasture (no livestock)/commercial horticulture
Pasture (active livestock use)
22. Stem Density — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB) for Metric 19 ("Wooded" Buffer Width).
LB RB
®A ®A Medium to high stem density
❑ B ❑B Low stem density
❑ C ❑C No wooded riparian buffer or predominantly herbaceous species or bare ground
23. Continuity of Vegetated Buffer — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider whether vegetated buffer is continuous along stream (parallel). Breaks are areas lacking vegetation > 10 feet wide.
LB RB
®A
❑ B
❑ C
®A
❑ B
❑ C
The total length of buffer breaks is < 25 percent.
The total length of buffer breaks is between 25 and 50 percent.
The total length of buffer breaks is > 50 percent.
LB
❑A
®B
Notes/Sketch:

Draft NC SAM Stream Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 2.1
Stream Site Name 011is Waste Area Expansion Date of Assessment 1/23/2020
Stream Category Mb1 Assessor Name/Organization
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Notes of Field Assessment Form (Y/N) NO
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Additional stream information/supplementary measurements included (Y/N)
NC SAM feature type (perennial, intermittent, Tidal Marsh Stream) Perennial
USACE/ NCDWR
Function Class Rating Summary All Streams Intermittent
(1) Hydrology LOW
(2) Baseflow MEDIUM
(2) Flood Flow LOW
(3) Streamside Area Attenuation LOW
(4) Floodplain Access LOW
(4) Wooded Riparian Buffer MEDIUM
(4) Microtopography NA
(3) Stream Stability LOW
(4) Channel Stability LOW
(4) Sediment Transport LOW
(4) Stream Geomorphology LOW
(2) Stream/Intertidal Zone Interaction NA
(2) Longitudinal Tidal Flow NA
(2) Tidal Marsh Stream Stability NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Channel Stability NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Stream Geomorphology NA
(1) Water Quality
(2) Baseflow
(2) Streamside Area Vegetation
(3) Upland Pollutant Filtration
(3) Thermoregulation
(2) Indicators of Stressors
(2) Aquatic Life Tolerance
(2) Intertidal Zone Filtration
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
HIGH
YES
HIGH
NA
(1) Habitat MEDIUM
(2) In -stream Habitat LOW
(3) Baseflow MEDIUM
(3) Substrate LOW
(3) Stream Stability LOW
(3) In -stream Habitat LOW
(2) Stream -side Habitat HIGH
(3) Stream -side Habitat MEDIUM
(3) Thermoregulation HIGH
(2) Tidal Marsh In -stream Habitat NA
(3) Flow Restriction NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Stream Stability NA
(4) Tidal Marsh Channel Stability NA
(4) Tidal Marsh Stream Geomorphology NA
(3) Tidal Marsh In -stream Habitat NA
(2) Intertidal Zone NA
Overall MEDIUM

NC SAM FIELD ASSESSMENT RESULTS
Accompanies User Manual Version 2.1
USACE AID #: NCDWR #:
INSTRUCTIONS: Attach a sketch of the assessment area and photographs. Attach a copy of the USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle,
and circle the location of the stream reach under evaluation. If multiple stream reaches will be evaluated on the same property, identify and
number all reaches on the attached map, and include a separate form for each reach. See the NC SAM User Manual for detailed descriptions
and explanations of requested information. Record in the "Notes/Sketch" section if supplementary measurements were performed. See the
NC SAM User Manual for examples of additional measurements that may be relevant.
NOTE EVIDENCE OF STRESSORS AFFECTING THE ASSESSMENT AREA (do not need to be within the assessment area).
PROJECT/SITE INFORMATION:
1. Project name (if any): 011is Waste Area Expansion 2. Date of evaluation: 1/23/2020
Clearwater Environmental
3. Applicant/owner name: Sibelco/Unimin 4. Assessor name/organization: Consultants
5. County: Avery 6. Nearest named water body
7. River basin: French Broad on USGS 7.5-minute quad: Brushy Creek
8. Site coordinates (decimal degrees, at lower end of assessment reach): 35.953309; -81.981350
STREAM INFORMATION: (depth and width can be approximations)
9. Site number (show on attached map): S3 A 10. Length of assessment reach evaluated (feet): 200
11. Channel depth from bed (in riffle, if present) to top of bank (feet): 4 ❑Unable to assess channel depth.
12. Channel width at top of bank (feet): 15 13. Is assessment reach a swamp steam? Yes No
14. Feature type: ®Perennial flow ❑Intermittentflow ❑Tidal Marsh Stream
STREAM CATEGORY INFORMATION:
15. NC SAM Zone: ® Mountains (M) ❑ Piedmont (P) ❑ Inner Coastal Plain (I) ❑ Outer Coastal Plain (0)
16. Estimated geomorphic
valley shape (skip for
Tidal Marsh Stream):
❑A� J ®B
(more sinuous stream, flatter valley slope) (less sinuous stream, steeper valley slope)
17. Watershed size: (skip Size 1 (< 0.1 mi2) ®Size 2 (0.1 to < 0.5 mi2) Size 3 (0.5 to < 5 mi2) Size 4 (>_ 5 mil)
for Tidal Marsh Stream)
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
18. Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
▪ Section 10 water
❑ Essential Fish Habitat
▪ Publicly owned property
®Classified Trout Waters
▪ Primary Nursery Area
❑ NCDWR Riparian buffer rule in effect
▪ Water Supply Watershed (❑I ❑II ❑III ❑IV ❑V)
❑ High Quality Waters/Outstanding Resource Waters
▪ Nutrient Sensitive Waters
❑ Anadromous fish 0303(d) List ❑CAMA Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)
▪ Documented presence of a federal and/or state listed protected species within the assessment area.
List species:
▪ Designated Critical Habitat (list species)
19. Are additional stream information/supplementary measurements included in "Notes/Sketch" section or attached? Yes No
1. Channel Water - assessment reach metric (skip for Size 1 streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
®A Water throughout assessment reach.
❑ B No flow, water in pools only.
❑ C No water in assessment reach.
2. Evidence of Flow Restriction - assessment reach metric
❑ A At least 10% of assessment reach in -stream habitat or riffle -pool sequence is severely affected by a flow restriction or fill to the
point of obstructing flow or a channel choked with aquatic macrophytes or ponded water or impoundment on flood or ebb within
the assessment reach (examples: undersized or perched culverts, causeways that constrict the channel, tidal gates, debris jams,
beaver dams).
®B NotA
3. Feature Pattern - assessment reach metric
❑ A A majority of the assessment reach has altered pattern (examples: straightening, modification above or below culvert).
®B NotA
4. Feature Longitudinal Profile - assessment reach metric
❑ A Majority of assessment reach has a substantially altered stream profile (examples: channel down -cutting, existing damming, over
widening, active aggradation, dredging, and excavation where appropriate channel profile has not reformed from any of these
disturbances).
®B NotA
5. Signs of Active Instability - assessment reach metric
Consider only current instability, not past events from which the stream has currently recovered. Examples of instability include
active bank failure, active channel down -cutting (head -cut), active widening, and artificial hardening (such as concrete, gabion, rip -rap).
❑ A < 10% of channel unstable
®B 10 to 25% of channel unstable
❑ C > 25% of channel unstable

6. Streamside Area Interaction — streamside area metric
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB).
LB RB
®A ❑A Little or no evidence of conditions that adversely affect reference interaction
❑ B ®B Moderate evidence of conditions (examples: berms, levees, down -cutting, aggradation, dredging) that adversely affect
reference interaction (examples: limited streamside area access, disruption of flood flows through streamside area, leaky
or intermittent bulkheads, causeways with floodplain constriction, minor ditching [including mosquito ditching])
❑ C ❑C Extensive evidence of conditions that adversely affect reference interaction (little to no floodplain/intertidal zone access
[examples: causeways with floodplain and channel constriction, bulkheads, retaining walls, fill, stream incision, disruption
of flood flows through streamside area] or too much floodplain/intertidal zone access [examples: impoundments, intensive
mosquito ditching]) or floodplain/intertidal zone unnaturally absent or assessment reach is a man-made feature on an
interstream divide
7. Water Quality Stressors — assessment reach/intertidal zone metric
Check all that apply.
❑ A Discolored water in stream or intertidal zone (milky white, blue, unnatural water discoloration, oil sheen, stream foam)
❑ B Excessive sedimentation (burying of stream features or intertidal zone)
❑ C Noticeable evidence of pollutant discharges entering the assessment reach and causing a water quality problem
❑ D Odor (not including natural sulfide odors)
❑ E Current published or collected data indicating degraded water quality in the assessment reach. Cite source in "Notes/Sketch"
section.
❑ F Livestock with access to stream or intertidal zone
❑ G Excessive algae in stream or intertidal zone
❑ H Degraded marsh vegetation in the intertidal zone (removal, burning, regular mowing, destruction, etc)
❑ I Other: (explain in "Notes/Sketch" section)
Little to no stressors
8. Recent Weather — watershed metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
For Size 1 or 2 streams, D1 drought or higher is considered a drought; for Size 3 or 4 streams, D2 drought or higher is considered a drought.
❑ A Drought conditions and no rainfall or rainfall not exceeding 1 inch within the last 48 hours
❑ B Drought conditions and rainfall exceeding 1 inch within the last 48 hours
®C No drought conditions
9. Large or Dangerous Stream — assessment reach metric
▪ Yes No Is stream is too large or dangerous to assess? If Yes, skip to Metric 13 (Streamside Area Ground Surface Condition).
10. Natural In -stream Habitat Types — assessment reach metric
10a. Yes No Degraded in -stream habitat over majority of the assessment reach (examples of stressors include excessive
sedimentation, mining, excavation, in -stream hardening [for example, rip -rap], recent dredging, and snagging)
(evaluate for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams only, then skip to Metric 12)
10b. Check all that occur (occurs if > 5% coverage of assessment reach) (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams)
❑ A Multiple aquatic macrophytes and aquatic mosses OF 5% oysters or other natural hard bottoms
(include liverworts, lichens, and algal mats) III Submerged aquatic vegetation
®B Multiple sticks and/or leaf packs and/or emergent o . ❑H Low tide refugia (pools)
vegetation -8 r ❑I Sand bottom
®C Multiple snags and logs (including lap trees) r E El 5% vertical bank along the marsh
®D 5% undercut banks and/or root mats and/or roots 0 ❑K Little or no habitat
in banks extend to the normal wetted perimeter
❑ E Little or no habitat
*********************************REMAINING QUESTIONS ARE NOT APPLICABLE FOR TIDAL MARSH STREAMS**************************
11. Bedform and Substrate — assessment reach metric (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
11 a. Yes No Is assessment reach in a natural sand -bed stream? (skip for Coastal Plain streams)
11 b. Bedform evaluated. Check the appropriate box(es).
®A Riffle -run section (evaluate 11c)
®B Pool -glide section (evaluate 11d)
❑ C Natural bedform absent (skip to Metric 12, Aquatic Life)
11c. In riffle sections, check all that occur below the normal wetted perimeter of the assessment reach — whether or not submerged. Check
at least one box in each row (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams). Not Present (NP) = absent, Rare
(R) = present but < 10%, Common (C) = > 10-40%, Abundant (A) = > 40-70%, Predominant (P) = > 70%. Cumulative percentages
should not exceed 100% for each assessment reach.
NP R C A P
❑ ❑ ® ❑ ❑ Bedrock/saprolite
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Boulder (256 — 4096 mm)
❑ ❑ ® ❑ ❑ Cobble (64 — 256 mm)
❑ ❑ ❑ ® ❑ Gravel (2 — 64 mm)
❑ ❑ ® ❑ ❑ Sand (.062 — 2 mm)
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Silt/clay (< 0.062 mm)
❑ ® ❑ ❑ ❑ Detritus
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Artificial (rip -rap, concrete, etc.)
11d. Yes No Are pools filled with sediment? (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)

12. Aquatic Life — assessment reach metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
12a. ®Yes No Was an in -stream aquatic life assessment performed as described in the User Manual?
If No, select one of the following reasons and skip to Metric 13. No Water ❑Other:
12b. ®Yes No Are aquatic organisms present in the assessment reach (look in riffles, pools, then snags)? If Yes, check all that
apply. If No, skip to Metric 13.
1 >1 Numbers over columns refer to "individuals" for Size 1 and 2 streams and "taxa" for Size 3 and 4 streams.
❑ ❑Adult frogs
❑ Aquatic reptiles
❑ Aquatic macrophytes and aquatic mosses (include liverworts, lichens, and algal mats)
• ❑Beetles
❑ ®Caddisfly larvae (T)
❑ Asian clam (Corbicula)
❑ Crustacean (isopod/amphipod/crayfish/shrimp)
❑ ❑Damselfly and dragonfly larvae
• ❑Dipterans
• ❑Mayfly larvae (E)
❑ ❑Megaloptera (alderfly, fishfly, dobsonfly larvae)
• ❑Midges/mosquito larvae
❑ Mosquito fish (Gambusia) or mud minnows (Umbra pygmaea)
❑ ❑Mussels/Clams (not Corbicula)
❑ ❑Other fish
• ❑Salamanders/tadpoles
❑ ❑Snails
❑ ®Stonefly larvae (P)
❑ ❑Tipulid larvae
❑ ❑Worms/leeches
13. Streamside Area Ground Surface Condition — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams and B valley types)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB). Consider storage capacity with regard to both overbank flow and upland runoff.
LB RB
®A ®A Little or no alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area
❑ B ❑B Moderate alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area
❑ C ❑C Severe alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area (examples: ditches, fill, soil compaction,
livestock disturbance, buildings, man-made levees, drainage pipes)
14. Streamside Area Water Storage — streamside area metric (skip for Size 1 streams, Tidal Marsh Streams, and B valley types)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB) of the streamside area.
LB RB
❑ A ❑A Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water >_ 6 inches deep
❑ B ®B Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
®C ❑C Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
15. Wetland Presence — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB). Do not consider wetlands outside of the streamside area or within the normal
wetted perimeter of assessment reach.
LB RB
❑ Y ®Y Are wetlands present in the streamside area?
®N ON
16. Baseflow Contributors — assessment reach metric (skip for Size 4 streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all contributors within the assessment reach or within view of and draining to the assessment reach.
®A Streams and/or springs (jurisdictional discharges)
❑ B Ponds (include wet detention basins; do not include sediment basins or dry detention basins)
❑ C Obstruction passing flow during low -flow periods within the assessment area (beaver dam, leaky dam, bottom -release dam, weir)
®D Evidence of bank seepage or sweating (iron in water indicates seepage)
®E Stream bed or bank soil reduced (dig through deposited sediment if present)
❑ F None of the above
17. Baseflow Detractors — assessment area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all that apply.
❑ A Evidence of substantial water withdrawals from the assessment reach (includes areas excavated for pump installation)
❑ B Obstruction not passing flow during low -flow periods affecting the assessment reach (ex: watertight dam, sediment deposit)
❑ C Urban stream (>_ 24% impervious surface for watershed)
❑ D Evidence that the streamside area has been modified resulting in accelerated drainage into the assessment reach
❑ E Assessment reach relocated to valley edge
®F None of the above
18. Shading — assessment reach metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider aspect. Consider "leaf -on" condition.
®A Stream shading is appropriate for stream category (may include gaps associated with natural processes)
❑ B Degraded (example: scattered trees)
❑ C Stream shading is gone or largely absent

19. Buffer Width — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider "vegetated buffer" and "wooded buffer" separately for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB) starting at the top of bank out
to the first break.
Vegetated
LB RB
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
❑ C ❑C
❑ D ❑D
❑ E ❑E
Wooded
LB RB
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
❑ C ❑C
❑D ❑D
❑E ❑E
20. Buffer Structure
Consider for left
LB RB
®A
❑ B
❑ C
❑D
❑E
®A
❑ B
❑ C
❑D
❑E
>_ 100 feet wide or extends to the edge of the watershed
From 50 to < 100 feet wide
From 30 to < 50 feet wide
From 10 to < 30 feet wide
< 10 feet wide or no trees
— streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
bank (LB) and right bank (RB) for Metric 19 ("Vegetated" Buffer Width).
Mature forest
Non -mature woody vegetation or modified vegetation structure
Herbaceous vegetation with or without a strip of trees < 10 feet wide
Maintained shrubs
Little or no vegetation
21. Buffer Stressors — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all appropriate boxes for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB). Indicate if listed stressor abuts stream (Abuts), does not abut but is
within 30 feet of stream (< 30 feet), or is between 30 to 50 feet of stream (30-50 feet).
If none of the following stressors occurs on either bank, check here and skip to Metric 22:
Abuts < 30 feet 30-50 feet
LB RB LB RB LB RB
❑ A ❑A ❑A ❑A ❑A ❑A
❑ B ❑B ❑B ❑B ❑B ❑B
❑ C ❑C ❑C ❑C ❑C ❑C
❑ D ❑D ❑D ❑D ❑D ❑D
Row crops
Maintained turf
Pasture (no livestock)/commercial horticulture
Pasture (active livestock use)
22. Stem Density — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB) for Metric 19 ("Wooded" Buffer Width).
LB RB
®A ®A Medium to high stem density
❑ B ❑B Low stem density
❑ C ❑C No wooded riparian buffer or predominantly herbaceous species or bare ground
23. Continuity of Vegetated Buffer — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider whether vegetated buffer is continuous along stream (parallel). Breaks are areas lacking vegetation > 10 feet wide.
LB RB
®A
❑ B
❑ C
®A
❑ B
❑ C
The total length of buffer breaks is < 25 percent.
The total length of buffer breaks is between 25 and 50 percent.
The total length of buffer breaks is > 50 percent.
24. Vegetative Composition — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Evaluate the dominant vegetation within 100 feet of each bank or to the edge of the watershed (whichever comes first) as it contributes to
assessment reach habitat.
RB
®A Vegetation is close to undisturbed in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of native species,
with non-native invasive species absent or sparse.
Vegetation indicates disturbance in terms of species diversity or proportions, but is still largely composed of native
species. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clear -cutting or clearing or
communities with non-native invasive species present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata or
communities missing understory but retaining canopy trees.
Vegetation is severely disturbed in terms of species diversity or proportions. Mature canopy is absent or communities
with non-native invasive species dominant over a large portion of expected strata or communities composed of planted
stands of non -characteristic species or communities inappropriately composed of a single species or no vegetation.
25. Conductivity — assessment reach metric (skip for all Coastal Plain streams)
25a. Yes No Was conductivity measurement recorded?
If No, select one of the following reasons. No Water ❑Other:
25b. Check the box corresponding to the conductivity measurement (units of microsiemens per centimeter).
❑A < 46 ❑B 46 to < 67 ❑C 67 to < 79 ❑D 79 to < 230 ❑E >_ 230
LB
®A
❑ B
❑ B
❑ C ❑C
Notes/Sketch:

Draft NC SAM Stream Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 2.1
Stream Site Name 011is Waste Area Expansion Date of Assessment 1/23/2020
Stream Category Mb2 Assessor Name/Organization
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Notes of Field Assessment Form (Y/N) NO
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Additional stream information/supplementary measurements included (Y/N)
NC SAM feature type (perennial, intermittent, Tidal Marsh Stream) Perennial
USACE/ NCDWR
Function Class Rating Summary All Streams Intermittent
(1) Hydrology HIGH
(2) Baseflow HIGH
(2) Flood Flow HIGH
(3) Streamside Area Attenuation HIGH
(4) Floodplain Access HIGH
(4) Wooded Riparian Buffer HIGH
(4) Microtopography NA
(3) Stream Stability HIGH
(4) Channel Stability MEDIUM
(4) Sediment Transport HIGH
(4) Stream Geomorphology HIGH
(2) Stream/Intertidal Zone Interaction NA
(2) Longitudinal Tidal Flow NA
(2) Tidal Marsh Stream Stability NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Channel Stability NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Stream Geomorphology NA
(1) Water Quality HIGH
(2) Baseflow HIGH
(2) Streamside Area Vegetation HIGH
(3) Upland Pollutant Filtration HIGH
(3) Thermoregulation HIGH
(2) Indicators of Stressors NO
(2) Aquatic Life Tolerance HIGH
(2) Intertidal Zone Filtration NA
(1) Habitat HIGH
(2) In -stream Habitat HIGH
(3) Baseflow HIGH
(3) Substrate HIGH
(3) Stream Stability MEDIUM
(3) In -stream Habitat HIGH
(2) Stream -side Habitat HIGH
(3) Stream -side Habitat HIGH
(3) Thermoregulation HIGH
(2) Tidal Marsh In -stream Habitat NA
(3) Flow Restriction NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Stream Stability NA
(4) Tidal Marsh Channel Stability NA
(4) Tidal Marsh Stream Geomorphology NA
(3) Tidal Marsh In -stream Habitat NA
(2) Intertidal Zone NA
Overall HIGH

NC SAM FIELD ASSESSMENT RESULTS
Accompanies User Manual Version 2.1
USACE AID #: NCDWR #:
INSTRUCTIONS: Attach a sketch of the assessment area and photographs. Attach a copy of the USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle,
and circle the location of the stream reach under evaluation. If multiple stream reaches will be evaluated on the same property, identify and
number all reaches on the attached map, and include a separate form for each reach. See the NC SAM User Manual for detailed descriptions
and explanations of requested information. Record in the "Notes/Sketch" section if supplementary measurements were performed. See the
NC SAM User Manual for examples of additional measurements that may be relevant.
NOTE EVIDENCE OF STRESSORS AFFECTING THE ASSESSMENT AREA (do not need to be within the assessment area).
PROJECT/SITE INFORMATION:
1. Project name (if any): 011is Waste Area Expansion 2. Date of evaluation: 1/23/2020
Clearwater Environmental
3. Applicant/owner name: Sibelco/Unimin 4. Assessor name/organization: Consultants
5. County: Avery 6. Nearest named water body
7. River basin: French Broad on USGS 7.5-minute quad: Brushy Creek
8. Site coordinates (decimal degrees, at lower end of assessment reach): 35.953955; -81.981281
STREAM INFORMATION: (depth and width can be approximations)
9. Site number (show on attached map): S3 B 10. Length of assessment reach evaluated (feet): 55
11. Channel depth from bed (in riffle, if present) to top of bank (feet): 4 ❑Unable to assess channel depth.
12. Channel width at top of bank (feet): 3 13. Is assessment reach a swamp steam? Yes No
14. Feature type: ®Perennial flow ❑Intermittentflow ❑Tidal Marsh Stream
STREAM CATEGORY INFORMATION:
15. NC SAM Zone: ® Mountains (M) ❑ Piedmont (P) ❑ Inner Coastal Plain (I) ❑ Outer Coastal Plain (0)
16. Estimated geomorphic
valley shape (skip for
Tidal Marsh Stream):
❑A� J ®B
(more sinuous stream, flatter valley slope) (less sinuous stream, steeper valley slope)
17. Watershed size: (skip Size 1 (< 0.1 mi2) ®Size 2 (0.1 to < 0.5 mi2) Size 3 (0.5 to < 5 mi2) Size 4 (>_ 5 mil)
for Tidal Marsh Stream)
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
18. Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
▪ Section 10 water
❑ Essential Fish Habitat
▪ Publicly owned property
®Classified Trout Waters
▪ Primary Nursery Area
❑ NCDWR Riparian buffer rule in effect
▪ Water Supply Watershed (❑I ❑II ❑III ❑IV ❑V)
❑ High Quality Waters/Outstanding Resource Waters
▪ Nutrient Sensitive Waters
❑ Anadromous fish 0303(d) List ❑CAMA Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)
▪ Documented presence of a federal and/or state listed protected species within the assessment area.
List species:
▪ Designated Critical Habitat (list species)
19. Are additional stream information/supplementary measurements included in "Notes/Sketch" section or attached? Yes No
1. Channel Water - assessment reach metric (skip for Size 1 streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
®A Water throughout assessment reach.
❑ B No flow, water in pools only.
❑ C No water in assessment reach.
2. Evidence of Flow Restriction - assessment reach metric
®A At least 10% of assessment reach in -stream habitat or riffle -pool sequence is severely affected by a flow restriction or fill to the
point of obstructing flow or a channel choked with aquatic macrophytes or ponded water or impoundment on flood or ebb within
the assessment reach (examples: undersized or perched culverts, causeways that constrict the channel, tidal gates, debris jams,
beaver dams).
❑ B NotA
3. Feature Pattern - assessment reach metric
❑ A A majority of the assessment reach has altered pattern (examples: straightening, modification above or below culvert).
®B NotA
4. Feature Longitudinal Profile - assessment reach metric
®A Majority of assessment reach has a substantially altered stream profile (examples: channel down -cutting, existing damming, over
widening, active aggradation, dredging, and excavation where appropriate channel profile has not reformed from any of these
disturbances).
❑ B NotA
5. Signs of Active Instability - assessment reach metric
Consider only current instability, not past events from which the stream has currently recovered. Examples of instability include
active bank failure, active channel down -cutting (head -cut), active widening, and artificial hardening (such as concrete, gabion, rip -rap).
❑ A < 10% of channel unstable
❑ B 10 to 25% of channel unstable
®C > 25% of channel unstable

6. Streamside Area Interaction — streamside area metric
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB).
LB RB
❑ A ❑A Little or no evidence of conditions that adversely affect reference interaction
❑ B ❑B Moderate evidence of conditions (examples: berms, levees, down -cutting, aggradation, dredging) that adversely affect
reference interaction (examples: limited streamside area access, disruption of flood flows through streamside area, leaky
or intermittent bulkheads, causeways with floodplain constriction, minor ditching [including mosquito ditching])
®C ®C Extensive evidence of conditions that adversely affect reference interaction (little to no floodplain/intertidal zone access
[examples: causeways with floodplain and channel constriction, bulkheads, retaining walls, fill, stream incision, disruption
of flood flows through streamside area] or too much floodplain/intertidal zone access [examples: impoundments, intensive
mosquito ditching]) or floodplain/intertidal zone unnaturally absent or assessment reach is a man-made feature on an
interstream divide
7. Water Quality Stressors — assessment reach/intertidal zone metric
Check all that apply.
❑ A Discolored water in stream or intertidal zone (milky white, blue, unnatural water discoloration, oil sheen, stream foam)
❑ B Excessive sedimentation (burying of stream features or intertidal zone)
❑ C Noticeable evidence of pollutant discharges entering the assessment reach and causing a water quality problem
❑ D Odor (not including natural sulfide odors)
❑ E Current published or collected data indicating degraded water quality in the assessment reach. Cite source in "Notes/Sketch"
section.
❑ F Livestock with access to stream or intertidal zone
❑ G Excessive algae in stream or intertidal zone
❑ H Degraded marsh vegetation in the intertidal zone (removal, burning, regular mowing, destruction, etc)
®I Other: (explain in "Notes/Sketch" section)
❑ J Little to no stressors
8. Recent Weather — watershed metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
For Size 1 or 2 streams, D1 drought or higher is considered a drought; for Size 3 or 4 streams, D2 drought or higher is considered a drought.
❑ A Drought conditions and no rainfall or rainfall not exceeding 1 inch within the last 48 hours
❑ B Drought conditions and rainfall exceeding 1 inch within the last 48 hours
®C No drought conditions
9. Large or Dangerous Stream — assessment reach metric
▪ Yes No Is stream is too large or dangerous to assess? If Yes, skip to Metric 13 (Streamside Area Ground Surface Condition).
10. Natural In -stream Habitat Types — assessment reach metric
10a. ®Yes No Degraded in -stream habitat over majority of the assessment reach (examples of stressors include excessive
sedimentation, mining, excavation, in -stream hardening [for example, rip -rap], recent dredging, and snagging)
(evaluate for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams only, then skip to Metric 12)
10b. Check all that occur (occurs if > 5% coverage of assessment reach) (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams)
❑ A Multiple aquatic macrophytes and aquatic mosses OF 5% oysters or other natural hard bottoms
(include liverworts, lichens, and algal mats) III Submerged aquatic vegetation
❑B Multiple sticks and/or leaf packs and/or emergent o . ❑H Low tide refugia (pools)
vegetation -8 r ❑I Sand bottom
❑ C Multiple snags and logs (including lap trees) r E El 5% vertical bank along the marsh
❑D 5% undercut banks and/or root mats and/or roots 0 ❑K Little or no habitat
in banks extend to the normal wetted perimeter
®E Little or no habitat
*********************************REMAINING QUESTIONS ARE NOT APPLICABLE FOR TIDAL MARSH STREAMS**************************
11. Bedform and Substrate — assessment reach metric (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
11 a. Yes No Is assessment reach in a natural sand -bed stream? (skip for Coastal Plain streams)
11 b. Bedform evaluated. Check the appropriate box(es).
®A Riffle -run section (evaluate 11c)
®B Pool -glide section (evaluate 11d)
❑ C Natural bedform absent (skip to Metric 12, Aquatic Life)
11c. In riffle sections, check all that occur below the normal wetted perimeter of the assessment reach — whether or not submerged. Check
at least one box in each row (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams). Not Present (NP) = absent, Rare
(R) = present but < 10%, Common (C) = > 10-40%, Abundant (A) = > 40-70%, Predominant (P) = > 70%. Cumulative percentages
should not exceed 100% for each assessment reach.
NP R C A P
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Bedrock/saprolite
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Boulder (256 — 4096 mm)
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Cobble (64 — 256 mm)
❑ ❑ ® ❑ ❑ Gravel (2 — 64 mm)
❑ ❑ ❑ ® ❑ Sand (.062 — 2 mm)
❑ ® ❑ ❑ ❑ Silt/clay (< 0.062 mm)
❑ ® ❑ ❑ ❑ Detritus
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ® Artificial (rip -rap, concrete, etc.)
11d. ®Yes No Are pools filled with sediment? (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)

12. Aquatic Life — assessment reach metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
12a. ZYes No Was an in -stream aquatic life assessment performed as described in the User Manual?
If No, select one of the following reasons and skip to Metric 13. No Water ❑Other:
12b. ®Yes No Are aquatic organisms present in the assessment reach (look in riffles, pools, then snags)? If Yes, check all that
apply. If No, skip to Metric 13.
1 >1 Numbers over columns refer to "individuals" for Size 1 and 2 streams and "taxa" for Size 3 and 4 streams.
❑ ❑Adult frogs
❑ Aquatic reptiles
❑ Aquatic macrophytes and aquatic mosses (include liverworts, lichens, and algal mats)
❑ ❑Beetles
❑ ❑Caddisfly larvae (T)
❑ Asian clam (Corbicula)
❑ Crustacean (isopod/amphipod/crayfish/shrimp)
❑ ❑Damselfly and dragonfly larvae
❑ ❑Dipterans
❑ ❑Mayfly larvae (E)
❑ ❑Megaloptera (alderfly, fishfly, dobsonfly larvae)
❑ ❑Midges/mosquito larvae
❑ Mosquito fish (Gambusia) or mud minnows (Umbra pygmaea)
❑ ❑Mussels/Clams (not Corbicula)
❑ ❑Other fish
❑ ❑Salamanders/tadpoles
❑ ❑Snails
• ❑Stonefly larvae (P)
❑ ❑Tipulid larvae
• ❑Worms/leeches
13. Streamside Area Ground Surface Condition — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams and B valley types)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB). Consider storage capacity with regard to both overbank flow and upland runoff.
LB RB
❑ A ❑A Little or no alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area
®B ®B Moderate alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area
❑ C ❑C Severe alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area (examples: ditches, fill, soil compaction,
livestock disturbance, buildings, man-made levees, drainage pipes)
14. Streamside Area Water Storage — streamside area metric (skip for Size 1 streams, Tidal Marsh Streams, and B valley types)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB) of the streamside area.
LB RB
❑ A ❑A Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water >_ 6 inches deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
®C ®C Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
15. Wetland Presence — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB). Do not consider wetlands outside of the streamside area or within the normal
wetted perimeter of assessment reach.
LB RB
®Y ❑Y Are wetlands present in the streamside area?
❑ N ®N
16. Baseflow Contributors — assessment reach metric (skip for Size 4 streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all contributors within the assessment reach or within view of and draining to the assessment reach.
®A Streams and/or springs (jurisdictional discharges)
❑ B Ponds (include wet detention basins; do not include sediment basins or dry detention basins)
❑ C Obstruction passing flow during low -flow periods within the assessment area (beaver dam, leaky dam, bottom -release dam, weir)
®D Evidence of bank seepage or sweating (iron in water indicates seepage)
®E Stream bed or bank soil reduced (dig through deposited sediment if present)
❑ F None of the above
17. Baseflow Detractors — assessment area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all that apply.
❑ A Evidence of substantial water withdrawals from the assessment reach (includes areas excavated for pump installation)
❑ B Obstruction not passing flow during low -flow periods affecting the assessment reach (ex: watertight dam, sediment deposit)
❑ C Urban stream (>_ 24% impervious surface for watershed)
❑ D Evidence that the streamside area has been modified resulting in accelerated drainage into the assessment reach
❑ E Assessment reach relocated to valley edge
®F None of the above
18. Shading — assessment reach metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider aspect. Consider "leaf -on" condition.
❑ A Stream shading is appropriate for stream category (may include gaps associated with natural processes)
❑ B Degraded (example: scattered trees)
®C Stream shading is gone or largely absent

19. Buffer Width — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider "vegetated buffer" and "wooded buffer" separately for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB) starting at the top of bank out
to the first break.
Vegetated
LB RB
❑ A ❑A
®B ®B
❑ C ❑C
❑ D ❑D
❑ E ❑E
Wooded
LB RB
❑A ❑A
®B ®B
❑C ❑C
❑D ❑D
❑E ❑E
20. Buffer Structure
Consider for left
LB RB
❑A
®B
❑ C
❑D
❑E
❑A
®B
❑ C
❑D
❑E
>_ 100 feet wide or extends to the edge of the watershed
From 50 to < 100 feet wide
From 30 to < 50 feet wide
From 10 to < 30 feet wide
< 10 feet wide or no trees
— streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
bank (LB) and right bank (RB) for Metric 19 ("Vegetated" Buffer Width).
Mature forest
Non -mature woody vegetation or modified vegetation structure
Herbaceous vegetation with or without a strip of trees < 10 feet wide
Maintained shrubs
Little or no vegetation
21. Buffer Stressors — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all appropriate boxes for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB). Indicate if listed stressor abuts stream (Abuts), does not abut but is
within 30 feet of stream (< 30 feet), or is between 30 to 50 feet of stream (30-50 feet).
If none of the following stressors occurs on either bank, check here and skip to Metric 22:
Abuts < 30 feet 30-50 feet
LB RB LB RB LB RB
❑ A ❑A ❑A ❑A ❑A ❑A
❑ B ❑B ❑B ❑B ❑B ❑B
❑ C ❑C ❑C ❑C ❑C ❑C
❑ D ❑D ❑D ❑D ❑D ❑D
Row crops
Maintained turf
Pasture (no livestock)/commercial horticulture
Pasture (active livestock use)
22. Stem Density — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB) for Metric 19 ("Wooded" Buffer Width).
LB RB
❑ A ❑A Medium to high stem density
®B ®B Low stem density
❑ C ❑C No wooded riparian buffer or predominantly herbaceous species or bare ground
23. Continuity of Vegetated Buffer — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider whether vegetated buffer is continuous along stream (parallel). Breaks are areas lacking vegetation > 10 feet wide.
LB RB
®A
❑ B
❑ C
®A
❑ B
❑ C
The total length of buffer breaks is < 25 percent.
The total length of buffer breaks is between 25 and 50 percent.
The total length of buffer breaks is > 50 percent.
24. Vegetative Composition — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Evaluate the dominant vegetation within 100 feet of each bank or to the edge of the watershed (whichever comes first) as it contributes to
assessment reach habitat.
RB
❑ A Vegetation is close to undisturbed in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of native species,
with non-native invasive species absent or sparse.
Vegetation indicates disturbance in terms of species diversity or proportions, but is still largely composed of native
species. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clear -cutting or clearing or
communities with non-native invasive species present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata or
communities missing understory but retaining canopy trees.
Vegetation is severely disturbed in terms of species diversity or proportions. Mature canopy is absent or communities
with non-native invasive species dominant over a large portion of expected strata or communities composed of planted
stands of non -characteristic species or communities inappropriately composed of a single species or no vegetation.
25. Conductivity — assessment reach metric (skip for all Coastal Plain streams)
25a. Yes No Was conductivity measurement recorded?
If No, select one of the following reasons. No Water ❑Other:
25b. Check the box corresponding to the conductivity measurement (units of microsiemens per centimeter).
❑A < 46 ❑B 46 to < 67 ❑C 67 to < 79 ❑D 79 to < 230 ❑E >_ 230
LB
❑A
❑ B
❑ B
®C ®C
Notes/Sketch:

Draft NC SAM Stream Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 2.1
Stream Site Name 011is Waste Area Expansion Date of Assessment 1/23/2020
Stream Category Mb2 Assessor Name/Organization
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Notes of Field Assessment Form (Y/N) NO
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Additional stream information/supplementary measurements included (Y/N)
NC SAM feature type (perennial, intermittent, Tidal Marsh Stream) Perennial
USACE/ NCDWR
Function Class Rating Summary All Streams Intermittent
(1) Hydrology LOW
(2) Baseflow HIGH
(2) Flood Flow LOW
(3) Streamside Area Attenuation LOW
(4) Floodplain Access LOW
(4) Wooded Riparian Buffer MEDIUM
(4) Microtopography NA
(3) Stream Stability LOW
(4) Channel Stability LOW
(4) Sediment Transport LOW
(4) Stream Geomorphology MEDIUM
(2) Stream/Intertidal Zone Interaction NA
(2) Longitudinal Tidal Flow NA
(2) Tidal Marsh Stream Stability NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Channel Stability NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Stream Geomorphology NA
(1) Water Quality LOW
(2) Baseflow HIGH
(2) Streamside Area Vegetation MEDIUM
(3) Upland Pollutant Filtration HIGH
(3) Thermoregulation LOW
(2) Indicators of Stressors YES
(2) Aquatic Life Tolerance MEDIUM
(2) Intertidal Zone Filtration NA
(1) Habitat LOW
(2) In -stream Habitat LOW
(3) Baseflow HIGH
(3) Substrate LOW
(3) Stream Stability LOW
(3) In -stream Habitat LOW
(2) Stream -side Habitat LOW
(3) Stream -side Habitat MEDIUM
(3) Thermoregulation LOW
(2) Tidal Marsh In -stream Habitat NA
(3) Flow Restriction NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Stream Stability NA
(4) Tidal Marsh Channel Stability NA
(4) Tidal Marsh Stream Geomorphology NA
(3) Tidal Marsh In -stream Habitat NA
(2) Intertidal Zone NA
Overall LOW

NC SAM FIELD ASSESSMENT RESULTS
Accompanies User Manual Version 2.1
USACE AID #: NCDWR #:
INSTRUCTIONS: Attach a sketch of the assessment area and photographs. Attach a copy of the USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle,
and circle the location of the stream reach under evaluation. If multiple stream reaches will be evaluated on the same property, identify and
number all reaches on the attached map, and include a separate form for each reach. See the NC SAM User Manual for detailed descriptions
and explanations of requested information. Record in the "Notes/Sketch" section if supplementary measurements were performed. See the
NC SAM User Manual for examples of additional measurements that may be relevant.
NOTE EVIDENCE OF STRESSORS AFFECTING THE ASSESSMENT AREA (do not need to be within the assessment area).
PROJECT/SITE INFORMATION:
1. Project name (if any): 011is Waste Area Expansion 2. Date of evaluation: 1/23/2020
Clearwater Environmental
3. Applicant/owner name: Sibelco/Unimin 4. Assessor name/organization: Consultants
5. County: Avery 6. Nearest named water body
7. River basin: French Broad on USGS 7.5-minute quad: Brushy Creek
8. Site coordinates (decimal degrees, at lower end of assessment reach): 35.953955; -81.981281
STREAM INFORMATION: (depth and width can be approximations)
9. Site number (show on attached map): S3 C 10. Length of assessment reach evaluated (feet): 150
11. Channel depth from bed (in riffle, if present) to top of bank (feet): 1.5 ❑Unable to assess channel depth.
12. Channel width at top of bank (feet): 4 13. Is assessment reach a swamp steam? Yes No
14. Feature type: ®Perennial flow ❑Intermittentflow ❑Tidal Marsh Stream
STREAM CATEGORY INFORMATION:
15. NC SAM Zone: ® Mountains (M) ❑ Piedmont (P) ❑ Inner Coastal Plain (I) ❑ Outer Coastal Plain (0)
16. Estimated geomorphic
valley shape (skip for
Tidal Marsh Stream):
❑A� J ®B
(more sinuous stream, flatter valley slope) (less sinuous stream, steeper valley slope)
17. Watershed size: (skip ®Size 1 (< 0.1 mi2) Size 2 (0.1 to < 0.5 mi2) Size 3 (0.5 to < 5 mi2) Size 4 (>_ 5 mil)
for Tidal Marsh Stream)
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
18. Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
▪ Section 10 water
❑ Essential Fish Habitat
▪ Publicly owned property
®Classified Trout Waters
▪ Primary Nursery Area
❑ NCDWR Riparian buffer rule in effect
▪ Water Supply Watershed (❑I ❑II ❑III ❑IV ❑V)
❑ High Quality Waters/Outstanding Resource Waters
▪ Nutrient Sensitive Waters
❑ Anadromous fish 0303(d) List ❑CAMA Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)
▪ Documented presence of a federal and/or state listed protected species within the assessment area.
List species:
▪ Designated Critical Habitat (list species)
19. Are additional stream information/supplementary measurements included in "Notes/Sketch" section or attached? Yes No
1. Channel Water - assessment reach metric (skip for Size 1 streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
®A Water throughout assessment reach.
❑ B No flow, water in pools only.
❑ C No water in assessment reach.
2. Evidence of Flow Restriction - assessment reach metric
❑ A At least 10% of assessment reach in -stream habitat or riffle -pool sequence is severely affected by a flow restriction or fill to the
point of obstructing flow or a channel choked with aquatic macrophytes or ponded water or impoundment on flood or ebb within
the assessment reach (examples: undersized or perched culverts, causeways that constrict the channel, tidal gates, debris jams,
beaver dams).
®B NotA
3. Feature Pattern - assessment reach metric
❑ A A majority of the assessment reach has altered pattern (examples: straightening, modification above or below culvert).
®B NotA
4. Feature Longitudinal Profile - assessment reach metric
®A Majority of assessment reach has a substantially altered stream profile (examples: channel down -cutting, existing damming, over
widening, active aggradation, dredging, and excavation where appropriate channel profile has not reformed from any of these
disturbances).
❑ B NotA
5. Signs of Active Instability - assessment reach metric
Consider only current instability, not past events from which the stream has currently recovered. Examples of instability include
active bank failure, active channel down -cutting (head -cut), active widening, and artificial hardening (such as concrete, gabion, rip -rap).
®A < 10% of channel unstable
❑ B 10 to 25% of channel unstable
❑ C > 25% of channel unstable

6. Streamside Area Interaction — streamside area metric
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB).
LB RB
®A ®A Little or no evidence of conditions that adversely affect reference interaction
❑ B ❑B Moderate evidence of conditions (examples: berms, levees, down -cutting, aggradation, dredging) that adversely affect
reference interaction (examples: limited streamside area access, disruption of flood flows through streamside area, leaky
or intermittent bulkheads, causeways with floodplain constriction, minor ditching [including mosquito ditching])
❑ C ❑C Extensive evidence of conditions that adversely affect reference interaction (little to no floodplain/intertidal zone access
[examples: causeways with floodplain and channel constriction, bulkheads, retaining walls, fill, stream incision, disruption
of flood flows through streamside area] or too much floodplain/intertidal zone access [examples: impoundments, intensive
mosquito ditching]) or floodplain/intertidal zone unnaturally absent or assessment reach is a man-made feature on an
interstream divide
7. Water Quality Stressors — assessment reach/intertidal zone metric
Check all that apply.
❑ A Discolored water in stream or intertidal zone (milky white, blue, unnatural water discoloration, oil sheen, stream foam)
❑ B Excessive sedimentation (burying of stream features or intertidal zone)
❑ C Noticeable evidence of pollutant discharges entering the assessment reach and causing a water quality problem
❑ D Odor (not including natural sulfide odors)
❑ E Current published or collected data indicating degraded water quality in the assessment reach. Cite source in "Notes/Sketch"
section.
❑ F Livestock with access to stream or intertidal zone
❑ G Excessive algae in stream or intertidal zone
❑ H Degraded marsh vegetation in the intertidal zone (removal, burning, regular mowing, destruction, etc)
❑ I Other: (explain in "Notes/Sketch" section)
Little to no stressors
8. Recent Weather — watershed metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
For Size 1 or 2 streams, D1 drought or higher is considered a drought; for Size 3 or 4 streams, D2 drought or higher is considered a drought.
❑ A Drought conditions and no rainfall or rainfall not exceeding 1 inch within the last 48 hours
❑ B Drought conditions and rainfall exceeding 1 inch within the last 48 hours
®C No drought conditions
9. Large or Dangerous Stream — assessment reach metric
▪ Yes No Is stream is too large or dangerous to assess? If Yes, skip to Metric 13 (Streamside Area Ground Surface Condition).
10. Natural In -stream Habitat Types — assessment reach metric
10a. ®Yes No Degraded in -stream habitat over majority of the assessment reach (examples of stressors include excessive
sedimentation, mining, excavation, in -stream hardening [for example, rip -rap], recent dredging, and snagging)
(evaluate for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams only, then skip to Metric 12)
10b. Check all that occur (occurs if > 5% coverage of assessment reach) (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams)
❑ A Multiple aquatic macrophytes and aquatic mosses OF 5% oysters or other natural hard bottoms
(include liverworts, lichens, and algal mats) III Submerged aquatic vegetation
®B Multiple sticks and/or leaf packs and/or emergent o . ❑H Low tide refugia (pools)
vegetation -8 r ❑I Sand bottom
❑ C Multiple snags and logs (including lap trees) r E El 5% vertical bank along the marsh
®D 5% undercut banks and/or root mats and/or roots 0 ❑K Little or no habitat
in banks extend to the normal wetted perimeter
❑ E Little or no habitat
*********************************REMAINING QUESTIONS ARE NOT APPLICABLE FOR TIDAL MARSH STREAMS**************************
11. Bedform and Substrate — assessment reach metric (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
11 a. Yes No Is assessment reach in a natural sand -bed stream? (skip for Coastal Plain streams)
11 b. Bedform evaluated. Check the appropriate box(es).
®A Riffle -run section (evaluate 11c)
®B Pool -glide section (evaluate 11d)
❑ C Natural bedform absent (skip to Metric 12, Aquatic Life)
11c. In riffle sections, check all that occur below the normal wetted perimeter of the assessment reach — whether or not submerged. Check
at least one box in each row (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams). Not Present (NP) = absent, Rare
(R) = present but < 10%, Common (C) = > 10-40%, Abundant (A) = > 40-70%, Predominant (P) = > 70%. Cumulative percentages
should not exceed 100% for each assessment reach.
NP R C A P
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Bedrock/saprolite
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Boulder (256 — 4096 mm)
❑ ® ❑ ❑ ❑ Cobble (64 — 256 mm)
❑ ❑ ❑ ® ❑ Gravel (2 — 64 mm)
❑ ❑ ❑ ® ❑ Sand (.062 — 2 mm)
❑ ® ❑ ❑ ❑ Silt/clay (< 0.062 mm)
❑ ❑ ® ❑ ❑ Detritus
® ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Artificial (rip -rap, concrete, etc.)
11d. Yes No Are pools filled with sediment? (skip for Size 4 Coastal Plain streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)

12. Aquatic Life — assessment reach metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
12a. ®Yes No Was an in -stream aquatic life assessment performed as described in the User Manual?
If No, select one of the following reasons and skip to Metric 13. No Water ❑Other:
12b. ®Yes No Are aquatic organisms present in the assessment reach (look in riffles, pools, then snags)? If Yes, check all that
apply. If No, skip to Metric 13.
1 >1 Numbers over columns refer to "individuals" for Size 1 and 2 streams and "taxa" for Size 3 and 4 streams.
❑ ❑Adult frogs
❑ Aquatic reptiles
❑ Aquatic macrophytes and aquatic mosses (include liverworts, lichens, and algal mats)
❑ ❑Beetles
❑ ®Caddisfly larvae (T)
❑ Asian clam (Corbicula)
❑ Crustacean (isopod/amphipod/crayfish/shrimp)
❑ ❑Damselfly and dragonfly larvae
❑ ❑Dipterans
❑ ❑Mayfly larvae (E)
❑ ❑Megaloptera (alderfly, fishfly, dobsonfly larvae)
❑ ❑Midges/mosquito larvae
❑ Mosquito fish (Gambusia) or mud minnows (Umbra pygmaea)
❑ ❑Mussels/Clams (not Corbicula)
❑ ❑Other fish
❑ ❑Salamanders/tadpoles
❑ ❑Snails
❑ ®Stonefly larvae (P)
❑ ❑Tipulid larvae
❑ ❑Worms/leeches
13. Streamside Area Ground Surface Condition — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams and B valley types)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB). Consider storage capacity with regard to both overbank flow and upland runoff.
LB RB
®A ®A Little or no alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area
❑ B ❑B Moderate alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area
❑ C ❑C Severe alteration to water storage capacity over a majority of the streamside area (examples: ditches, fill, soil compaction,
livestock disturbance, buildings, man-made levees, drainage pipes)
14. Streamside Area Water Storage — streamside area metric (skip for Size 1 streams, Tidal Marsh Streams, and B valley types)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB) of the streamside area.
LB RB
❑ A ❑A Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water >_ 6 inches deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
®C ®C Majority of streamside area with depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
15. Wetland Presence — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider for the Left Bank (LB) and the Right Bank (RB). Do not consider wetlands outside of the streamside area or within the normal
wetted perimeter of assessment reach.
LB RB
®Y ❑Y Are wetlands present in the streamside area?
❑ N ®N
16. Baseflow Contributors — assessment reach metric (skip for Size 4 streams and Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all contributors within the assessment reach or within view of and draining to the assessment reach.
❑ A Streams and/or springs (jurisdictional discharges)
❑ B Ponds (include wet detention basins; do not include sediment basins or dry detention basins)
❑ C Obstruction passing flow during low -flow periods within the assessment area (beaver dam, leaky dam, bottom -release dam, weir)
❑ D Evidence of bank seepage or sweating (iron in water indicates seepage)
®E Stream bed or bank soil reduced (dig through deposited sediment if present)
❑ F None of the above
17. Baseflow Detractors — assessment area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all that apply.
❑ A Evidence of substantial water withdrawals from the assessment reach (includes areas excavated for pump installation)
❑ B Obstruction not passing flow during low -flow periods affecting the assessment reach (ex: watertight dam, sediment deposit)
❑ C Urban stream (>_ 24% impervious surface for watershed)
❑ D Evidence that the streamside area has been modified resulting in accelerated drainage into the assessment reach
❑ E Assessment reach relocated to valley edge
®F None of the above
18. Shading — assessment reach metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider aspect. Consider "leaf -on" condition.
®A Stream shading is appropriate for stream category (may include gaps associated with natural processes)
❑ B Degraded (example: scattered trees)
❑ C Stream shading is gone or largely absent

19. Buffer Width — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider "vegetated buffer" and "wooded buffer" separately for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB) starting at the top of bank out
to the first break.
24. Vegetative Composition — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Evaluate the dominant vegetation within 100 feet of each bank or to the edge of the watershed (whichever comes first) as it contributes to
assessment reach habitat.
RB
❑ A Vegetation is close to undisturbed in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of native species,
with non-native invasive species absent or sparse.
Vegetation indicates disturbance in terms of species diversity or proportions, but is still largely composed of native
species. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clear -cutting or clearing or
communities with non-native invasive species present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata or
communities missing understory but retaining canopy trees.
Vegetation is severely disturbed in terms of species diversity or proportions. Mature canopy is absent or communities
with non-native invasive species dominant over a large portion of expected strata or communities composed of planted
stands of non -characteristic species or communities inappropriately composed of a single species or no vegetation.
25. Conductivity — assessment reach metric (skip for all Coastal Plain streams)
25a. Yes No Was conductivity measurement recorded?
If No, select one of the following reasons. No Water ❑Other:
25b. Check the box corresponding to the conductivity measurement (units of microsiemens per centimeter).
❑A < 46 ❑B 46 to < 67 ❑C 67 to < 79 ❑D 79 to < 230 ❑E >_ 230
Vegetated
LB RB
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
❑ C ❑C
❑ D ❑D
❑ E ❑E
Wooded
LB RB
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
❑ C ❑C
❑D ❑D
❑E ❑E
20. Buffer Structure
Consider for left
LB RB
®A
❑ B
❑ C
❑D
❑E
®A
❑ B
❑ C
❑D
❑E
>_ 100 feet wide or extends to the edge of the watershed
From 50 to < 100 feet wide
From 30 to < 50 feet wide
From 10 to < 30 feet wide
< 10 feet wide or no trees
— streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
bank (LB) and right bank (RB) for Metric 19 ("Vegetated" Buffer Width).
Mature forest
Non -mature woody vegetation or modified vegetation structure
Herbaceous vegetation with or without a strip of trees < 10 feet wide
Maintained shrubs
Little or no vegetation
21. Buffer Stressors — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Check all appropriate boxes for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB). Indicate if listed stressor abuts stream (Abuts), does not abut but is
within 30 feet of stream (< 30 feet), or is between 30 to 50 feet of stream (30-50 feet).
If none of the following stressors occurs on either bank, check here and skip to Metric 22:
Abuts < 30 feet 30-50 feet
LB RB LB RB LB RB
❑ A ❑A ❑A ❑A ❑A ❑A
❑ B ❑B ❑B ❑B ❑B ❑B
❑ C ❑C ❑C ❑C ❑C ❑C
❑ D ❑D ❑D ❑D ❑D ❑D
Row crops
Maintained turf
Pasture (no livestock)/commercial horticulture
Pasture (active livestock use)
22. Stem Density — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider for left bank (LB) and right bank (RB) for Metric 19 ("Wooded" Buffer Width).
LB RB
®A ®A Medium to high stem density
❑ B ❑B Low stem density
❑ C ❑C No wooded riparian buffer or predominantly herbaceous species or bare ground
23. Continuity of Vegetated Buffer — streamside area metric (skip for Tidal Marsh Streams)
Consider whether vegetated buffer is continuous along stream (parallel). Breaks are areas lacking vegetation > 10 feet wide.
LB RB
®A
❑ B
❑ C
®A
❑ B
❑ C
The total length of buffer breaks is < 25 percent.
The total length of buffer breaks is between 25 and 50 percent.
The total length of buffer breaks is > 50 percent.
LB
❑A
®B
Notes/Sketch:

Draft NC SAM Stream Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 2.1
Stream Site Name 011is Waste Area Expansion Date of Assessment 1/23/2020
Stream Category Mb1 Assessor Name/Organization
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Notes of Field Assessment Form (Y/N) NO
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Additional stream information/supplementary measurements included (Y/N)
NC SAM feature type (perennial, intermittent, Tidal Marsh Stream) Perennial
USACE/ NCDWR
Function Class Rating Summary All Streams Intermittent
(1) Hydrology HIGH
(2) Baseflow HIGH
(2) Flood Flow HIGH
(3) Streamside Area Attenuation HIGH
(4) Floodplain Access HIGH
(4) Wooded Riparian Buffer HIGH
(4) Microtopography NA
(3) Stream Stability MEDIUM
(4) Channel Stability HIGH
(4) Sediment Transport MEDIUM
(4) Stream Geomorphology MEDIUM
(2) Stream/Intertidal Zone Interaction NA
(2) Longitudinal Tidal Flow NA
(2) Tidal Marsh Stream Stability NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Channel Stability NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Stream Geomorphology NA
(1) Water Quality HIGH
(2) Baseflow HIGH
(2) Streamside Area Vegetation HIGH
(3) Upland Pollutant Filtration HIGH
(3) Thermoregulation HIGH
(2) Indicators of Stressors NO
(2) Aquatic Life Tolerance HIGH
(2) Intertidal Zone Filtration NA
(1) Habitat HIGH
(2) In -stream Habitat MEDIUM
(3) Baseflow HIGH
(3) Substrate MEDIUM
(3) Stream Stability MEDIUM
(3) In -stream Habitat MEDIUM
(2) Stream -side Habitat HIGH
(3) Stream -side Habitat HIGH
(3) Thermoregulation HIGH
(2) Tidal Marsh In -stream Habitat NA
(3) Flow Restriction NA
(3) Tidal Marsh Stream Stability NA
(4) Tidal Marsh Channel Stability NA
(4) Tidal Marsh Stream Geomorphology NA
(3) Tidal Marsh In -stream Habitat NA
(2) Intertidal Zone NA
Overall HIGH

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
® Yes ❑ No
011is Waste Area Expansion
Unimin Sibelco
Headwater Forest
Blue Ridge Mountains
Little Tennessee
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
March 25, 2020
W2
ClearWater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.954073; -81.985186
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes ® No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
❑ C ❑C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ❑A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
®C ®C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑ D ❑D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ®A Sandy soil
❑ B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑ E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ❑A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
®B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ®A No peat or muck presence
❑ B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
®A ®A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑ B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF OF >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ®G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
❑ C From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ D From 5 to < 15 feet
®E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
Z5 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ❑ Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
®Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
❑ B ❑B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
❑ E ❑E From 30 to < 40 feet
®F ®F From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ G ❑G From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ H ❑H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
❑ A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
®B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
❑ C Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
®A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
❑ B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
❑ C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
❑ I ❑I ❑I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
®J ®J ®J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
❑ K ❑K ❑K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
▪ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
®A 0
❑ B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
®A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
❑ B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
❑ C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
®A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
❑ B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
❑ C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
®A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
®A ®A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
m ❑B ❑B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
®B ®B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
❑C ❑C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
®B ®B Moderate density shrub layer
❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense herb layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
®C ®C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
®A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
❑ B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
®B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
❑ C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
❑ A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
®A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W2
Wetland Type Headwater Forest
Date of Assessment March 25, 2020
ClearWater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Metrics
Condition
Condition
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
Rating
HIGH
HIGH
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
HIGH
HIGH
NO
HIGH
NA
NA
HIGH
HIGH
NO
LOW
LOW
NO
NA
NA
NA
MEDIUM
HIGH
HIGH
Rating
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
NO
HIGH
Overall Wetland Rating HIGH

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
® Yes ❑ No
011is Waste Area Expansion
Unimin Sibelco
Headwater Forest
Blue Ridge Mountains
Little Tennessee
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
March 25, 2020
W4 and W3
ClearWater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.954591; -81.984757
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes ® No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
❑ C ❑C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ❑A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
®C ®C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑ D ❑D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ®A Sandy soil
❑ B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑ E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ❑A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
®B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ®A No peat or muck presence
❑ B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
®A ®A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑ B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF OF >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ®G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
▪ Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
❑ C From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ D From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
❑ <_ 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ❑ Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
❑ Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
❑ B ❑B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
❑ E ❑E From 30 to < 40 feet
❑ F OF From 15 to < 30 feet
®G ®G From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ H ❑H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
❑ A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
®B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
❑ C Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
®A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
❑ B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
❑ C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
❑ I ❑I ❑I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
®J ®J ®J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
❑ K ❑K ❑K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
▪ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
®A 0
❑ B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
®A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
❑ B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
❑ C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
®A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
❑ B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
❑ C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
®A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
o ®A ®A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
m ❑B ❑B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
®B ®B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
❑C ❑C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
®A ®A Dense shrub layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense herb layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
®C ®C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
®A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
❑ B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
®B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
❑ C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
❑ A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
®A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W4 and W3
Wetland Type Headwater Forest
Date of Assessment March 25, 2020
ClearWater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Metrics
Condition
Condition
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
Rating
HIGH
HIGH
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
HIGH
HIGH
NO
HIGH
NA
NA
HIGH
HIGH
NO
LOW
LOW
NO
NA
NA
NA
MEDIUM
HIGH
HIGH
Rating
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
NO
HIGH
Overall Wetland Rating HIGH

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
® Yes ❑ No
011is Waste Area Expansion
Unimin Sibelco
Headwater Forest
Blue Ridge Mountains
Little Tennessee
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
March 25, 2020
W6
ClearWater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.954039; -81.981707
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes ® No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
❑ A ❑A
®B ®B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
❑ A ❑A
❑ B ❑B
®C ®C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ❑A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑ C ❑C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
®D ®D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ®A Sandy soil
❑ B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑ E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ❑A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
®B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ®A No peat or muck presence
❑ B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
®A ®A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑ B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF ®F >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ❑G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
▪ Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
❑ C From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ D From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
❑ <_ 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ❑ Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
❑ Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
❑ B ❑B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
❑ E ❑E From 30 to < 40 feet
❑ F OF From 15 to < 30 feet
®G ®G From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ H ❑H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
❑ A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
®B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
❑ C Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
®A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
❑ B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
❑ C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
®I ®I ®I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
❑ J ❑J ❑J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
❑ K ❑K ❑K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
❑A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
®D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
▪ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
❑ A 0
®B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑ A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
❑ B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
®C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
®B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
❑ C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
®A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑ B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
o ❑A ❑A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
m ®B ®B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
®B ®B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
❑C ❑C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
®B ®B Moderate density shrub layer
❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
®A ®A Dense herb layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑ C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
❑ B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
®C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
❑ A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
®A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W6
Wetland Type Headwater Forest
Date of Assessment March 25, 2020
ClearWater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
Rating
LOW
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
NO
HIGH
NA
NA
HIGH
HIGH
NO
LOW
LOW
NO
NA
NA
NA
LOW
LOW
LOW
Rating
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
NO
LOW
Overall Wetland Rating LOW

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
® Yes ❑ No
011is Waste Area Expansion
Unimin Sibelco
Headwater Forest
Blue Ridge Mountains
Little Tennessee
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
March 25, 2020
W7 and W8
ClearWater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.954039; -81.981707
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes ® No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
❑ A ❑A
®B ®B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
❑ A ❑A
❑ B ❑B
®C ®C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ❑A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
®C ®C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑ D ❑D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ®A Sandy soil
❑ B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑ E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ❑A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
®B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ®A No peat or muck presence
❑ B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
❑ A ❑A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
®B ®B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF OF >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ®G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
▪ Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
❑ C From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ D From 5 to < 15 feet
®E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
❑ <_ 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ® Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
®Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
❑ B ❑B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
❑ E ❑E From 30 to < 40 feet
❑ F OF From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ G ❑G From 5 to < 15 feet
®H ®H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
®A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
❑ B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
❑ C Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
❑ A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
®B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
❑ C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
❑ I ❑I ❑I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
❑ J ❑J ❑J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
®K ®K ®K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
▪ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
❑ A 0
®B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑ A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
❑ B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
®C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
❑ B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
®C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
®A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑ B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
o ❑A ❑A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
m ®B ®B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
®C ®C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
®A ®A Dense shrub layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
_e ®A ®A Dense herb layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑ C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
❑ B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
®C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
❑ A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
®A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W7 and W8
Wetland Type Headwater Forest
Date of Assessment March 25, 2020
ClearWater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Metrics
Condition
Condition
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
Rating
LOW
LOW
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
HIGH
HIGH
NO
MEDIUM
NA
NA
HIGH
HIGH
NO
LOW
LOW
NO
NA
NA
NA
LOW
LOW
LOW
Rating
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
NO
LOW
Overall Wetland Rating LOW

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
❑ Yes ® No
011is Waste Area Expansion - IP
Unimin/Sibelco
Headwater Forest
Blue Ridge Mountains
French Broad
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
1-23-2020
W5
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.955833; -81.982001
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ® Yes ❑ No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
❑ A ®A
®B ❑B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
❑ A ❑A
❑ B ❑B
®C ®C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ❑A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑ C ❑C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
®D ®D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ❑A Sandy soil
®B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑ E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ❑A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
®B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ®A No peat or muck presence
❑ B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
®A ®A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑ B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF OF >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ®G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
▪ Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
❑ C From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ D From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
❑ <_ 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ❑ Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
❑ Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
❑ B ❑B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
❑ E ❑E From 30 to < 40 feet
❑ F OF From 15 to < 30 feet
®G ®G From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ H ❑H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
❑ A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
❑ B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
®A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
❑ B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
❑ C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
❑ I ❑I ❑I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
❑ J ❑J ❑J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
®K ®K ®K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
▪ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
❑ A 0
®B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑ A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
®B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
❑ C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑ A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
❑ B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
❑ C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
❑ A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑ B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
o ❑A ❑A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
m ®B ®B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
®A ®A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
❑C ❑C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
®B ®B Moderate density shrub layer
❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
®A ®A Dense herb layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑ C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
❑ B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
®C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
❑ A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
®A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes
Area is adjacent to a stormwater management pond for an old mine. Area was an active mine and clearcut on aerial imagery in 1998.

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W5
Wetland Type Headwater Forest
Date of Assessment 1-23-2020
Clearwater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
Rating
LOW
LOW
LOW
LOW
NO
HIGH
NA
NA
HIGH
HIGH
NO
LOW
LOW
NO
NA
NA
NA
LOW
LOW
MEDIUM
Rating
LOW
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
NO
LOW
Overall Wetland Rating LOW

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
❑ Yes ® No
011is Waste Area Expansion - IP
Unimin/Sibelco
Headwater Forest
Blue Ridge Mountains
French Broad
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
1-23-2020
W9
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.954129; -81.981190
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes ® No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
❑ A ❑A
®B ®B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
❑ A ❑A
❑ B ❑B
®C ®C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ❑A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑ C ❑C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
®D ®D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ❑A Sandy soil
❑ B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
®E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ❑A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
®B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ❑A No peat or muck presence
®B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
❑ A ❑A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
®B ®B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF OF >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ®G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
❑ C From 15 to < 30 feet
®D From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
Z5 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ❑ Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
®Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
❑ B ❑B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
❑ E ❑E From 30 to < 40 feet
❑ F OF From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ G ❑G From 5 to < 15 feet
®H ®H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
❑ A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
®B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
❑ C Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
®A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
❑ B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
❑ C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
❑ I ❑I ❑I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
❑ J ❑J ❑J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
®K ®K ®K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
❑ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
❑ A 0
®B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑ A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
❑ B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
®C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑ A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
❑ B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
®C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
❑ A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑ B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
o ❑A ❑A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
m ®B ®B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
7g ®C ®C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
®A ®A Dense shrub layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
u) ❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
_e ®A ®A Dense herb layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑ C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
❑ B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
®C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
❑ A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
------\ \ l �;
\C .V .) r\:a ?) \. �..-) ) \.--- A \ )
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
❑ A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
®D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes
small depression capturing roadside drainage

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W9
Wetland Type Headwater Forest
Date of Assessment 1-23-2020
Clearwater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
Rating
LOW
LOW
LOW
LOW
NO
LOW
NA
NA
LOW
LOW
NO
LOW
LOW
NO
NA
NA
NA
LOW
LOW
LOW
Rating
LOW
LOW
LOW
NO
LOW
Overall Wetland Rating LOW

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
❑ Yes ® No
011is Waste Area Expansion - IP
Unimin/Sibelco
Headwater Forest
Blue Ridge Mountains
French Broad
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
1-23-2020
W11
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.953855; -81.981194
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes ® No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
❑ C ❑C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ❑A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
®B ®B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑ C ❑C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑ D ❑D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ❑A Sandy soil
®B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑ E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ❑A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
®B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ❑A No peat or muck presence
®B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
❑ A ®A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
®B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF OF >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ®G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
®C From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ D From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
®<_ 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ❑ Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
®Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
❑ B ❑B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
®E EE From 30 to < 40 feet
❑ F OF From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ G ❑G From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ H ❑H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
❑ A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
®B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
❑ C Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
❑ A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
❑ B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
®C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
❑ I ❑I ❑I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
®J ®J ❑J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
❑ K ❑K ®K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
▪ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
❑ A 0
®B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑ A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
❑ B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
®C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑ A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
®B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
❑ C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
❑ A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑ B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
o ❑A ❑A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
®B ®B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
®B ®B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
❑C ❑C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
®B ®B Moderate density shrub layer
❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
_e ®A ®A Dense herb layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑ C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
®A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
❑ B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
❑ B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
®C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
❑ A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
❑ A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
®C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes
small depression capturing roadside drainage

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W11
Wetland Type Headwater Forest
Date of Assessment 1-23-2020
Clearwater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Metrics
Condition
Condition
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
Rating
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
NO
LOW
NA
NA
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
NO
LOW
LOW
NO
NA
NA
NA
MEDIUM
LOW
LOW
Rating
MEDIUM
LOW
LOW
NO
LOW
Overall Wetland Rating LOW

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
❑ Yes ® No
011is Waste Area Expansion - IP
Unimin/Sibelco
Headwater Forest
Blue Ridge Mountains
French Broad
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
1-23-2020
W13
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.953374; -81.981338
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes ® No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
❑ A ❑A
®B ®B
❑ C ❑C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ®A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑ C ❑C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
®D ❑D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ®A Sandy soil
❑ B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑ E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ❑A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
®B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ❑A No peat or muck presence
®B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
❑ A ®A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
®B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF OF >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ®G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
❑ C From 15 to < 30 feet
®D From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
Z5 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ❑ Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
®Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
❑ B ❑B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
❑ E ❑E From 30 to < 40 feet
❑ F OF From 15 to < 30 feet
®G ®G From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ H ❑H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
❑ A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
®B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
❑ C Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
®A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
❑ B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
❑ C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
❑ I ❑I ❑I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
❑ J ❑J ❑J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
®K ®K ®K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
▪ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
❑ A 0
®B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
®A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
❑ B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
❑ C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑ A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
®B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
❑ C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
❑ A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑ B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
o ®A ®A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
m ❑B ❑B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
®C ®C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
®A ®A Dense shrub layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense herb layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
®C ®C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
®B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
❑ C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
®A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
❑ B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
®A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes
linear springhead

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W13
Wetland Type Headwater Forest
Date of Assessment 1-23-2020
Clearwater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Metrics
Condition
Condition
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
Rating
HIGH
HIGH
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
LOW
LOW
NO
HIGH
NA
NA
HIGH
HIGH
NO
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
NO
NA
NA
NA
MEDIUM
LOW
HIGH
Rating
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
NO
MEDIUM
Overall Wetland Rating HIGH

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
❑ Yes ® No
011is Waste Area Expansion - IP
Unimin/Sibelco
Headwater Forest
Blue Ridge Mountains
French Broad
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
1-23-2020
W14
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.953396; -81.981170
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes ® No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
®A ®A
❑ B ❑B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
❑ A ❑A
®B ®B
❑ C ❑C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ®A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑ C ❑C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
®D ❑D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ❑A Sandy soil
®B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑ E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ®A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
❑ B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ❑A No peat or muck presence
®B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
❑ A ®A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
®B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF OF >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ®G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
❑ C From 15 to < 30 feet
®D From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
®<_ 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ❑ Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
®Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
❑ B ❑B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
❑ E ❑E From 30 to < 40 feet
❑ F OF From 15 to < 30 feet
®G ®G From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ H ❑H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
❑ A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
®B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
❑ C Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
❑ A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
®B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
❑ C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
❑ I ❑I ❑I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
❑ J ❑J ❑J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
®K ®K ®K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
▪ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
❑ A 0
®B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
®A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
❑ B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
❑ C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑ A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
®B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
❑ C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
❑ A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑ B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
®A ®A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
m ❑B ❑B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
®C ®C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
❑A ®A Dense shrub layer
®B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense herb layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
®C ®C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
®B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
❑ C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
®A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
❑ B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
®A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes
linear springhead

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W14
Wetland Type Headwater Forest
Date of Assessment 1-23-2020
Clearwater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Metrics
Condition
Condition
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
Rating
HIGH
HIGH
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
HIGH
HIGH
NO
MEDIUM
NA
NA
HIGH
HIGH
NO
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
NO
NA
NA
NA
MEDIUM
LOW
HIGH
Rating
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
NO
MEDIUM
Overall Wetland Rating HIGH

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
❑ Yes ® No
011is Waste Area Expansion - IP
Unimin/Sibelco
Basin Wetland
Blue Ridge Mountains
French Broad
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
1-23-2020
W16
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.954519; -81.981074
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes ® No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
❑ A ❑A
®B ®B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
❑ A ❑A
❑ B ❑B
®C ®C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ❑A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑ C ❑C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
®D ®D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ❑A Sandy soil
®B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑ E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ❑A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
®B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ®A No peat or muck presence
❑ B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
®A ®A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑ B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF OF >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ®G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
❑ C From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ D From 5 to < 15 feet
®E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
®<_ 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ❑ Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
®Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
❑ B ❑B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
®E EE From 30 to < 40 feet
❑ F OF From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ G ❑G From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ H ❑H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
❑ A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
®B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
❑ C Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
❑ A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
❑ B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
®C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
❑ I ❑I ❑I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
®J ®J ®J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
❑ K ❑K ❑K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
❑ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
❑ A 0
®B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑ A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
®B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
❑ C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑ A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
❑ B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
❑ C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
❑ A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑ B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
o ❑A ❑A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
m ®B ®B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
®B ®B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
❑C ❑C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
° ®C ®C Shrub layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense herb layer
_ ®B ®B Moderate density herb layer
❑ C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
❑ B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
®C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
❑ A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
❑ A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
®D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes
Area appears to be an old sediment basin, receiving flow from an area clearcut and mined area in 1998.

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W16
Wetland Type Basin Wetland
Date of Assessment 1-23-2020
Clearwater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
Rating
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
LOW
LOW
NO
LOW
LOW
MEDIUM
Rating
LOW
LOW
LOW
NO
LOW
Overall Wetland Rating LOW

USACE AID #
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
NCDWR#
Project Name
Applicant/Owner Name
Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
County
❑ Yes ® No
011is Waste Area Expansion - IP
Unimin/Sibelco
Basin Wetland
Blue Ridge Mountains
French Broad
Avery
Precipitation within 48 hrs?
Date of Evaluation
Wetland Site Name
Assessor Name/Organization
Nearest Named Water Body
USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
NCDWR Region
Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
1-23-2020
W17 B
Clearwater Environmental
Consultants
Brushy Creek
06010108
Asheville
35.955587; -87.980445
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in
recent past (for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub -surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby septic
tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear -cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes ® No
Regulatory Considerations - Were regulatory considerations evaluated? ®Yes No If Yes, check all that apply to the assessment area.
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWR riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
❑ N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HOW, ORW, or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes ® No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes ® No
Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? ® Yes ❑ No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in the
assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the assessment
area based on evidence an effect.
GS VS
❑ A ❑A
®B ®B
Not severely altered
Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire -plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing, less
diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub -Surface Storage Capacity and Duration — assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub -surface storage capacity and duration (Sub).
Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. A ditch <_ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot
deep is expected to affect both surface and sub -surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
❑ A ❑A
❑ B ❑B
®C ®C
Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation change)
(examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief — assessment area/wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
3a. ❑A ❑A Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 deep
❑ B ❑B Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
®C ®C Majority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑ D ❑D Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
3b. ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑ B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
®C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4. Soil Texture/Structure — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators.
4a. ®A Sandy soil
❑ B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres)
❑ C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑ D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑ E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b. ❑A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
®B Soil ribbon >_ 1 inch
4c. ®A No peat or muck presence
❑ B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland — opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub -surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). Examples
of sub -surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
®A ®A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑ B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑ C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use — opportunity metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources draining
to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (5M),
and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M).
WS 5M 2M
❑ A ❑A ❑A > 10% impervious surfaces
❑ B ❑B ❑B Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants
❑ C ❑C ❑C >_ 20% coverage of pasture
❑ D ❑D ❑D >_ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land)
❑ E ❑E ❑E >_ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑ F OF OF >_ 20% coverage of clear-cut land
®G ®G ®G Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from little or no disturbance in
the watershed or hydrologic alterations that prevent drainage and/or overbank flow from affecting the
assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer — assessment area/wetland complex condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
7a. Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water?
▪ Yes No If Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8.
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland.
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.
7b. How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland? (Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the .water body. Make
buffer judgment based on the average width of wetland. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed.)
❑ A >_ 50 feet
❑ B From 30 to < 50 feet
❑ C From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ D From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ E < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c. Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width.
❑ <_ 15-feet wide ❑> 15-feet wide ❑ Other open water (no tributary present)
7d. Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water?
▪ Yes No
7e. Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
❑ Sheltered — adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
▪ Exposed — adjacent open water with width >_ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland Width at the Assessment Area — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric (evaluate WT for all marshes and
Estuarine Woody Wetland only; evaluate WC for Bottomland Hardwood Forest, Headwater Forest, and Riverine Swamp Forest
only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) and
the wetland complex at the assessment area (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries.
WT WC
❑A ❑A >_ 100 feet
®B ®B From 80 to < 100 feet
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 80 feet
❑ D ❑D From 40 to < 50 feet
❑ E ❑E From 30 to < 40 feet
❑ F OF From 15 to < 30 feet
❑ G ❑G From 5 to < 15 feet
❑ H ❑H < 5 feet

9. Inundation Duration — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands)
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
❑ A Evidence of short -duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
❑ B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
®C Evidence of long -duration inundation or very long -duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition — assessment area condition metric (skip for non -riparian wetlands and all marshes)
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
®A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
❑ B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
❑ C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size — wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User
Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for the FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
❑A ❑A ❑A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D ❑D From 25 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E ❑E From 10 to < 25 acres
❑ F OF OF From 5 to < 10 acres
❑ G ❑G ❑G From 1 to < 5 acres
❑ H ❑H ❑H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
®I ®I ❑I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
❑ J ❑J ❑J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
❑ K ❑K ®K < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut
12. Wetland Intactness — wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑ A Pocosin is the full extent (>_ 90%) of its natural landscape size.
❑ B Pocosin type is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas — landscape condition metric
13a. Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four -lane roads, regularly maintained utility line
corridors the width of a four -lane road or wider, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300
feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ®A >_ 500 acres
❑ B ❑B From 100 to < 500 acres
❑ C ❑C From 50 to < 100 acres
❑ D ❑D From 10 to < 50 acres
❑ E ❑E < 10 acres
❑ F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b. Evaluate for marshes only.
▪ Yes No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands.
14. Edge Effect — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes and Estuarine Woody Wetland)
May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include
non -forested areas >_ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors, and clear -cuts. Consider
the eight main points of the compass. Artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in how many directions? If the assessment area is clear cut,
select option "C."
®A 0
❑ B 1 to
❑ C 5to8
15. Vegetative Composition — assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑ A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
®B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or clearing.
It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
❑ C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, or expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non -
characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species), or exotic species are dominant in at
least one stratum.
16. Vegetative Diversity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non -tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑ A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
❑ B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
❑ C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).

17. Vegetative Structure — assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a. Is vegetation present?
®Yes No If Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18.
17b. Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only. Skip to 17c for non -marsh wetlands.
❑ A >_ 25% coverage of vegetation
❑ B < 25% coverage of vegetation
17c. Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non -marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
o ❑A ❑A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
m ❑B ❑B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
U ®C ®C Canopy sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
®C ®C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
u) ®C ®C Shrub layer sparse or absent
_e ®A ®A Dense herb layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑ C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18. Snags —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
19. Diameter Class Distribution —wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
❑ A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
❑ B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
®C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris — wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes)
Include both natural debris and man -placed natural debris.
❑ A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
®B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion — wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non -Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
❑A ❑B ❑C ❑D
22. Hydrologic Connectivity — assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands and Salt/Brackish Marsh only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion,
man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. Documentation required if evaluated as B, C, or D.
®A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area.
❑ D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area.
Notes
Area is adjacent to an abandoned stormwater management pond for an old mine, which has naturalized. Area was an active mine and clearcut
on aerial imagery in 1998.

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 5.0
Wetland Site Name W17 B
Wetland Type Basin Wetland
Date of Assessment 1-23-2020
Clearwater
Environmental
Assessor Name/Organization Consultants
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)
Sub -function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Function Rating Summary
Function
Hydrology
Water Quality
Habitat
Sub -function
Surface Storage and Retention
Sub -surface Storage and
Retention
Pathogen Change
Particulate Change
Soluble Change
Physical Change
Pollution Change
Physical Structure
Landscape Patch Structure
Vegetation Composition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
Condition
Condition
Metrics
Condition
Condition
Condition/Opportunity
Opportunity Presence (Y/N)
Condition
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
Rating
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
LOW
LOW
NO
LOW
HIGH
MEDIUM
Rating
LOW
LOW
LOW
NO
LOW
Overall Wetland Rating LOW

Appendix D:
DMS Acceptance Letter

Appendix E:
Stormwater Pond Construction Specifications

SIBELCO
SIBELCO NORTH AMERICA, INC.
L36 Crystal ➢rive
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
Brushy Creek Mine Sediment Control Plan
OL-2A
reap scale
as
SIZE
Drawn By
jsf
DWG NO.
OL2Acrosssection.dwg
e�120 SCALE n: sna.n Date' June 2020 I SHEET 1 0 F 2
REV

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Apo IeJJog/Jesly — InDgn
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0
v�iF it+N/
CO
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n
0
SCALES Shownl Date June 2020 I' 2 OF 2
N
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BRUSHY CREEK MINE
OL-2A Typical Section
SIBELCD NORTH AMERICA, INC.
136 Crystal Drive
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
Drawn By
jsf
DWG NO.
0L2Acrosssection.dwg
A
G

10.0'
6.0' I
Typical Outlet Channel
Minimum Dimensions
SIBELCO
SIBELC❑ NORTH AMERICA, INC.
136 Crystal Drive
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
Brushy Creek Mine Sediment Control Plan
OL-2B
map scale
40 60 120
SIZE
Drawn By
jsf
DWG NO.
OL2Bcrosssection.dwg
REV
SCALE N5 sae.n Date: June 2020 SHEET 1 0 F 2

punou9 Ioul6i
SIBELCO
SCALES ShownlDate'June 2020 ISHEET 2 OF 2
BRUSHY CREEK MINE
OL-2B Typical Section
SIBELC❑ NORTH AMERICA, INC.
136 Crystal Drive
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
Drawn By
jsF
DWG NO.
0L2Bcrosssection.dwg
m

10.0'
6.0'
Typical Outlet Channel
Minimum ➢imensions
25' Undisturbed
Buffer
SIBELC
map scale
40 60 120
SIBELC❑ NORTH AMERICA, INC.
136 Crystal Drive
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
Brushy Creek Mine Sediment Control Plan
OL-3
SIZE
Drawn By
jsf
DWG NO.
OL3crosssection.dwg
REV
SCALE N5 sao.n Date: Jan. 2020
SHEET 1 0 F 2

--GAIDA 431-J1 9
�;;fiSIBELCO
SCALES Shown1 Date' Jan. 2020 SHEET 2 OF 2
N
m
BRUSHY CREEK MINE
OL-3 Typical Section
SIBELCD NORTH AMERICA, INC.
136 Crystal Drive
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
0
N F
• m
DWG NO.
0L3crosssection.dwg
m

Appendix F:
Comments Received During
Public Comment Period
(Post August 7, 2020
Submittal) and Responses.

CLearWater
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
www.ewenv.com
January 6, 2021
Mrs. Sue Homewood
Division of Water Resources, Winston Salem Regional Office
Department of Environmental Quality
450 W. Hanes Mill Rd, Suite 300
Winston Salem NC 27105
RE: Response to DWR Additional Information Request
011is Waste Area Expansion
Avery County, North Carolina
Corps Action ID 2019-01042; NC DWR No. 20201025
Dear Mrs. Homewood,
Please reference the additional information request letter dated September 23, 2020
(Attachment A) sent by the NC Division of Water Resources (DWR) in response to the
permit application submitted by ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC), on
behalf of Sibelco North America, Inc. represented by Mr. Jeffrey Ferguson. The permit
application requested written authorization for the impacts associated with the expansion
of the 011is Waste Area located along the north side of Brushy Creek Road in Avery
County. The comments provided by the DWR are summarized and discussed below.
DWR Comment 1: "A complete review of the project cannot be conducted until the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers has verified all stream and wetland locations per the request to
revise the previously issued jurisdictional determination. /NCAC 02H.0502(a)(7)]"
An Approved Jurisdictional Determination (AJD) request was requested with the
permit application submitted to the US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) on
August 19, 2020. The AJD request was updated on September 15, 2020 with the
submission of a delineation map (Attachment B). When the Corps issues the AJD,
a copy will be sent to DWR.
DWR Comment 2: "If the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers requests a response to any
comments received as a result of the Public Notice, please provide the Division with a
copy of your response to the USACE. VISA NCAC 02H . 0502(c)]"
DWR will be copied on all Public Notice responses requested by the Corps.
The applicant believes the information submitted in this package addresses all issues set
forth by the DWR in the additional information letter dated September 23, 2020. Should
145 7th Avenue West , Suite B
Hendersonville, NC 28792
828-698-9800 Tel

Response to DWR Additional Information Request; SAW-2019-01042; NC DWR # 20201025
January 6, 2021
Page 2 of 2
you have any questions or comments concerning this project please do not hesitate to
contact me at 828-698-9800.
Sincerely,
Tyson K z R. C ement Rid• le, P.W.S.
Biologist Principal
Copy Issued:
Amanda Fuemmeler — USACE Asheville Regulatory Field Office

Attachment A
DWR Additional Information Request
in Response to Permit Application
(dated September 23, 2020)

DocuSign Envelope ID: 915CC244-BOA0-4268-8CFC-052F9D6B65AA
ROY COOPER
Governor
MICHAEL S. REGAN
Secretary
S. DANIEL SMITH
Director
NORTH CAROLINA
Environmental Quality
September 23, 2020
DWR # 20201025
Avery County
Sibelco North America, Inc.
Attn: Jeffrey Ferguson
136 Crystal Drive
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
Subject: REQUEST FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Sibelco — 011is Waste Area Expansion
Dear Mr. Ferguson:
On August 10, 2020, the Division of Water Resources (Division) received your application requesting a
401 Individual Water Quality Certification from the Division for the subject project. The Division has
determined that your application is incomplete and cannot be processed. The application is on -hold
until all of the following information is received:
1. A complete review of the project cannot be conducted until the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
has verified all stream and wetland locations per the request to revise the previously issued
jurisdictional determination. [NCAC 02H .0502(a)(7)]
2. If the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers requests a response to any comments received as a result
of the Public Notice, please provide the Division with a copy of your response to the USACE.
[15A NCAC 02H .0502(c)]
Pursuant to Title 15A NCAC 02H .0502(e), the applicant shall furnish all of the above requested
information for the proper consideration of the application. Please respond in writing within 30
calendar days of receipt of this letter by sending one (1) copy of all of the above requested information
to the 401 & Buffer Permitting Branch, 1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 OR by
submitting all of the above requested information through this
link: https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/Forms/Supplemental-Information-Form (note the DWR# requested on
the link is referenced above).
If all of the requested information is not received within 30 calendar days of receipt of this letter, the
Division will be unable to approve the application and it will be denied as incomplete. The denial of this
project will necessitate reapplication to the Division for approval, including a complete application
package and the appropriate fee.
Please be aware that you have no authorization under the Section 401 of the Clean Water Act for this
activity and any work done within waters of the state may be a violation of North Carolina General
Statutes and Administrative Code.
LD_E
R'f 12' N C,4,10, INA
Desifpartment of e��l.a�mor,t,i A��un\ /.."
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality I Division of Water Resources
512 North Salisbury Street 11617 Mail Service Center I Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
919.707.9000

DocuSign Envelope ID: 915CC244-BOA0-4268-8CFC-052F9D6B65AA
Sibelco North America, Inc.
Request for Additional Information
Page2of2
Please contact Sue Homewood at 336-776-9693 or [e-mail] if you have any
questions or concerns.
Sincerely,
DocuSignn�e/d by:
949D91BA53EF4E0...
Paul Wojoski, Supervisor
401 & Buffer Permitting Branch
cc: Clement Riddle, ClearWater Environmental Inc (via email)
Amanda Jones Fuemmeler, USACE Asheville Regulatory Field Office (via email)
Andrea Leslie, NCWRC (via email)
Byron Hamstead, USFWS (via email)
DWR 401 & Buffer Permitting Branch file
Filename: 20201025v1Sibelco011isWasteExp(Avery)_401_IC_Addinfo.doc

Attachment B
Amendment to AJD Request
(dated September 15, 2020)

From: Tyson Kurtz
To: Fuemmeler, Amanda J CIV (USA)
Subject: Action ID: 2019-01042 011is Waste Area Expansion - AJD Map
Date: Tuesday, September 15, 2020 10:42:00 AM
Attachments: 671AJD Delineation 7.20.pdf
Amanda,
I was reviewing the submitted IP application and AJD request for the 011is Waste Area expansion
project (Action ID: 2019-01042). I noticed that the delineation map was not included in Appendix A:
AJD request. The attached figure should be included as Figure 1 of Appendix A.
I don't think this went out to public review yet, so let me know if you need a hardcopy or revised
package with this map included.
Thank you,
Tyson Kurtz
CLearWater
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, NC 28801
Office: 828-698-9800
Mobile: [phone]
[e-mail]
WWW.CWENV.COM
The information in this email is confidential and may be legally privileged. It is intended solely for the
addressee(s). Disclosure to other parties is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, any
disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on it, is prohibited
and may be unlawful.

011is Waste Area Expansion (+1- 56 AC)
Jurisdictional wetlands and waters identified on this map
have been located within sub -meter accuracy utilizing a
Trimble mapping grade Global Positioning System (GPS)
and The subsequent differential correction of that data.
GPS points may demonstrate uncorrectable errors due to
topography, vegetative cover, and/or multipath signal
error.
Note: The illustrated wetland and stream locations are
approximate. These areas have been flagged in the field;
however, they have not been surveyed. Although
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC) is
confident in our assessment, The US Army Corps of
Engineers (Corps) is the only agency that can make final
decisions regarding jurisdictional wetland and waters of
The US delineations. Therefore, all preliminary
determinations are subject to change until written
vedfcation is obtained. CEC strongly recommends that
written verification be obtained from The Corps prior to
closing on the property, beginning any site work, or
making any legal reliance on this determination.
This map was prepared by CEC using The best
information available to CEC at The time of production.
This map is for informational purposes only and should
not be used to determine precise boundaries, roadways,
property boundary lines, nor legal descriptions. This map
shall not be construed to be an official survey of any data
depicted.
Source Data:
Topo -Avery County
Project Boundary - Sibelco North American Inc.
Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A4)
W3
Non -Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A2)
Legend
j Project Boundary
Sediment Control Pond
Wetlands
Jurisdictional Wetland
Non -Jurisdictional Wetland
Perennial Stream (Tributary)
Intermittent Stream (Tributary)
Culvert
Contours (4ft)
Data Form
Drawn by: BWY 3.22.19; CEC Project# 671
Updated: 7.20.2020
Non -jurisdictional Wetland
(NWPR: B9)
W15
Non -Regulated Wetland
Non -jurisdictional Wetland
(NWPR: B1)
Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A4)
Non -jurisdictional Waters
• (NWPR: B10)
Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A4)
Non -jurisdictional Wetland
(NWPR: B1)
W5
Non -Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A2)
IW17
Non -Wetland Waters
of the US (NWPR: A2)
s. MAW! \
Non -jurisdictional Wetland
(NWPR: B1)
Jurisdictional Water
Wetland (AC)
Stream (LF)
W1
0.006
S1
163
W2
0.054
S2
85
W9
0.001
S3
512
W11
0.034
S4
197
W13
0.006
W14
0.002
W16
0.035
W17
0.190
Total
0.328
Total 957
Non -Regulated Waters/Wetlands
Wetland (AC)
Sediment Control
W3
0.008
Pond (AC)
W4
0.009
SC-4 1.086
W5
0.052
W6
0.027
W7
0.004
W8
0.004
W 10
0.001
W12
0.004
W15
0.406
Total
0.515
Total 1.086
Avery County,
North Carolina
CLearWater
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Stream & Wetland
Delineation Map
Delineated March 21, 2019
Figure 1

ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
www.cwenv.com
January 6, 2021
Mrs. Amanda Fuemmeler
US Army Corps of Engineers
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
RE: Response to DWR Comments
011is Waste Area Expansion
Avery County, North Carolina
Corps Action ID 2019-01042; NC DWR No. 20201025
Dear Mrs. Fuemmeler,
Please reference the comment letter dated September 23, 2020 (Attachment A) sent by the NC
Division of Water Resources (DWR) in response to the permit application submitted by ClearWater
Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC), on behalf of Sibelco North America, Inc. represented by Mr.
Jeffrey Ferguson. The permit application requested written authorization for the impacts associated
with the expansion of the 011is Waste Area located along the north side of Brushy Creek Road in
Avery County. The comments provided by the DWR are summarized and discussed below.
DWR Comment 1: "The Division concurs with the recommendation from the NC Wildlife Resources
Commission and requests that the USACE consider a mitigation ratio of 2:1 for all impacted
jurisdictional features."
Stream 4 (S4 — 197 LF) is an intermittent stream. DWR's policy only regulates mitigation for
impacts to perennial streams (15A NCAC 02H .0506 (h) and Session Law 2017-10). In addition,
S4 was temporarily reclaimed to help improve runoff water quality, after the entire study area
was mined in the 1990s. The applicant holds an active mining permit to disturb the study area.
A decision to increase, potential double, the mitigation costs would deter the applicant from
spending money to temporarily restore stream channels on future mining projects.
The applicant concurs with the 2:1 mitigation ratio for impacts to Stream 3 (S3) and Wetland 2
(NCWAM score -High). The applicant respectfully requests a 1:1 mitigation ratio for impacts to
Wetland 16 (NCWAM score -Low) and Wetland 17 (NCWAM score -Low). The NCWAM
rating's for Wetland 16 and 17 support a 1:1 mitigation ratio.
Stream 4 (S4 — 197 LF) was incorrectly labeled as S2 on Figure 5 and on the submitted
NCSAM forms.
145 7th Avenue West , Suite B
Hendersonville, NC 28792
828-698-9800 Tel

Response to DWR Comments; SAW-2019-01042; DWR Project # 20201025
January 6, 202I
Page 2 of 3
The applicant believes the information submitted in this package addresses all issues set forth by the
DWR in the comment letter dated September 23, 2020. Should you have any questions or comments
concerning this project please do not hesitate to contact me at 828-698-9800.
Tyson Kurtz
Biologist
R. Clement Riddle, P.W.S.
Principal

Attachment A
DWR Comment Letter in Response to Permit Application
(dated September 23, 2020)

DocuSign Envelope ID: 915CC244-BOA0-4268-8CFC-052F9D6B65AA
ROY COOPER
Governor
MICHAEL S. REGAN
Secretary
S. DANIEL SMITH
Director
Amanda Jones Fuemmeler
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Ave, Room 208
Asheville NC 28001-5006
NORTH CAROL.INA
Environmental Quality
September 23, 2020
Corps Action ID# SAW-2019-01042
DWR# 20201025
Avery County
Subject Project: Sibelco North America Incorporated — 011is Waste Area Expansion
Dear Ms. Jones Fuemmeler
On behalf of the NC Division of Water Resources, we respectfully request that you consider the
following comments within your review of the 404 Individual Permit request for the above referenced
property:
1. The Division concurs with the recommendation from the NC Wildlife Resources Commission and
requests that the USACE consider a mitigation ratio of 2:1 for all impacted jurisdictional
features.
Thank you for your considering the Division's comments during your review of this Individual Permit. If
you have any questions, please contact Sue Homewood at 336-776-9693 or
[e-mail].
D_E
NORTH nt of EnINA
Onparhnnnl N EWmnmenlaEOuaIity
Sincerely,
�DocuSigned by:
reva Wollooki
�949D91BA53EF4E0...
Paul Wojoski, Supervisor
401 & Buffer Permitting Unit
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality I Division of Water Resources
512 North Salisbury Street 11617 Mail Service Center I Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
919.707.9000

DocuSign Envelope ID: 915CC244-BOA0-4268-8CFC-052F9D6B65AA
Corps Action ID# SAW-2019-01042
DWR# 20201025
Page 2of2
cc: Clement Riddle, ClearWater Environmental (via email)
Andrea Leslie, NCWRC (via email)
Byron Hamstead, USFWS (via email)
DWR — Wetlands and Buffer Permitting Branch file

CLerWaLeT
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
www.cwenv.com
January 6, 2021
Mrs. Amanda Fuemmeler
US Army Corps of Engineers
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
RE: Response to WRC Comments
011is Waste Area Expansion
Avery County, North Carolina
Corps Action ID 2019-01042; NC DWR No. 20201025
Dear Mrs. Fuemmeler,
Please reference the Ietter dated September 21, 2020 (Attachment A) sent by the NC
Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC) in response to the permit application submitted
by ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC), on behalf of Sibelco North
America, Inc. represented by Mr. Jeffrey Ferguson. The permit application requested
written authorization for the impacts associated with the expansion of the 011is Waste
Area located along the north side of Brushy Creek Road in Avery County. The comments
provided by the WRC are listed and discussed below.
WRC Comment #1 — "We ask that the applicant provide a description and applicable
drawings of erosion and sediment control measures that are planned for the site."
The proposed sediment basin layout is shown in Figure 5 and details are included
in Appendix E of the submitted permit application. The Erosion and Sediment
Control Plan must be submitted and approved by NC DEMLR Mining Program.
WRC will be sent a copy of the submitted Erosion and Sediment Control Plan to
allow for review and comment during NC DEMLR's review period.
WRC Comment #2 — "Mitigation is proposed at 1:1 for 197 ft of impact to Stream 4
(NCSAM score Medium), 2:1 for 150 ft of impact to Stream 3 (NCSAM score -High), 1.1
for 0.035 acre impact to Wetland 16 and 0.190 acre impact to Wetland 17 (NCWAM
score -Low), and 2:1 for 0.150 acre impact to Wetland 2 (NCWAM-High). We recommend
that a mitigation ratio of 2:1 be used for all stream impacts, as impact streams rated
Medium and High through NCSAM, and the streams drain to the North Toe River."
Stream 4 (S4) is an intermittent stream. DEQIDWR's policy only regulates
mitigation for impacts to perennial streams (15A NCAC 02H .0506 (h) and
145 7th Avenue West , Suite B
Hendersonville, NC 28792
828-698-9800 Tel

Response to FWS Comments; SAW-2019-01042; DWR Project # 20201025
January 6,2021
Page 2 of
Session Law 2017-10). The applicant concurs with the 2:1 mitigation ratio for
impacts to Stream 3 (S3).
Stream 4 (S4 — 197 LF) was incorrectly labeled as S2 on Figure 5 and on the
submitted NCSAM forms.
The applicant believes the information submitted in this package addresses all issues set
forth by the WRC in their letter dated September 21, 2020. Should you have any
questions or comments concerning this project please do not hesitate to contact me at
828-698-9800.
Tyson Kurtz
Biologist
R. Clement Riddle, P.W.S.
Principal

Attachment A
WRC Response to Individual Permit Application
(dated September 21, 2020)

North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
Cameron Ingram, Executive Director
September 21, 2020
Ms. Amanda Fuemmeler
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Regulatory Branch
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
SUBJECT: Sibelco — 011is Waste Area Expansion
UTs to Brushy Creek and wetlands, Avery County
SAW-2019-01042
Dear Ms. Fuemmeler:
Biologists with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) reviewed the
individual permit application to culvert 347 ft of two unnamed tributaries (UTs) of Brushy Creek
and fill 0.274 acre of three wetlands in Avery County. I attended a site visit with the applicant
and regulatory staff on March 12, 2020. Our comments on this application are offered for your
consideration under provisions of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466 et. seq.) and Fish
and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d).
Wild trout should not be impacted by this project, and a moratorium is not needed. The project is
upstream of the North Toe River, which is recognized by the NC Natural Heritage Program as the
North Toe River/Nolichucky River Aquatic Habitat, a natural area rated Very High for the
richness of rare species it contains. In the vicinity of the project, Mimic Shiner (Notropis
volucellus, NC Threatened) and Eastern Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, US Federal
Species of Concern, NC Special Concern) are found. Further downstream, Anglers use this
resource in the spring and summer. The North Toe River is on the 303(d) list of impaired waters
for excess turbidity. In order to protect the aquatic community of the North Toe River, it is
essential to employ effective sediment and erosion control and stormwater management at the
site.
The impacts are associated with the expansion of a tailing disposal site within a 56-acre parcel
that would allow 3.3 million tons of tailing disposal, which is estimated to provide capacity for
17.3 years of mining disposal. A large part of the site has been previously disturbed for mining
activities.
Mailing Address: Habitat Conservation • 1721 Mail Service Center • Raleigh, NC 27699-1721
Telephone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]

Sibelco 011is Waste Area Expansion Page 2 September 21, 2020
UTs Brushy Cr & wetlands, Avery Co
Due to the location and size of this tailings spoil area, it has the potential to impact the North Toe
River, which is a focus of restoration and supports numerous state and federal listed species,
including the Appalachian Elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana, US and NC Endangered). The
permit application does not include a description of erosion and sediment control measures for
the proposed activities. We ask that the applicant provide a description and applicable drawings
of erosion and sediment control measures that are planned for the site.
Mitigation is proposed at 1:1 for 197 ft of impact to Stream 4 (NCSAM score -Medium), 2:1 for
150 ft of impact to Stream 3 (NCSAM score -High), 1:1 for 0.035 acre impact to Wetland 16 and
0.190 acre impact to Wetland 17 (NCWAM score -Low), and 2:1 for 0.150 acre impact to
Wetland 2 (NCWAM-High). We recommend that a mitigation ratio of 2:1 be used for all stream
impacts, as impact streams rated Medium and High through NCSAM, and the streams drain to
the North Toe River.
We offer the following recommendations to minimize impacts to fish and wildlife resources:
1. It is essential that good erosion and sediment control be used throughout the project's
lifetime. Disturbed areas should be stabilized as quickly as possible, and road beds and
banks maintained so they do not serve as sources of sediment.
2. Any erosion control matting used should be free of plastic or nylon mesh, as this type of
mesh netting frequently entangles wildlife and is slow to degrade, resulting in a hazard that
may last for years.
3. We recommend using a quick growing seed such as Wheat, Rye Grain or Oats and a
permanent native seed mix, with an emphasis on forbs and grasses that would benefit
pollinators.
4. We recommend that the applicant consult with NCWRC and US Fish and Wildlife Service to
develop their long-term reclamation plan, which should emphasize native wildlife -friendly
vegetation.
5. We recommend that a mitigation ratio of at least 2:1 be used for all stream impacts.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this project. Please contact me at
[phone] if you have any questions about these comments.
Sincerely,
Andrea Leslie
Mountain Region Coordinator, Habitat Conservation Program
ec: Tyson Kurtz, Clearwater Environmental
Andrew Moore, NC Division of Water Resources
Byron Hamstead and Karla Quast, US Fish and Wildlife Service

ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
www.ewenv.com
January 6, 2021
Mrs. Amanda Fuemmeler
US Army Corps of Engineers
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
RE: Response to FWS Comments
011is Waste Area Expansion
Avery County, North Carolina
Corps Action ID 2019-01042; NC DWR No. 20201025
Dear Mrs. Fuemmeler,
Please reference the letter dated September 15, 2020 (Attachment A) sent by the US Fish
and Wildlife Service (FWS) in response to the permit application submitted by
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC), on behalf of Sibelco North America,
Inc. represented by Mr. Jeffrey Ferguson. The permit application requested written
authorization for the impacts associated with the expansion of the 011is Waste Area
located along the north side of Brushy Creek Road in Avery County. The comments
provided by the FWS are listed and discussed below.
FWS Comment #1 - "We have multiple records of Bog Turtle observations within the
vicinity of the project area. The wetland described in the application sounds suitable
however, CEC made a 'not likely to adversely affect' determination. Could we get a more
indepth description of the wetland? Since the survey's were accomplished in January our
recovery biologist is specifically concerned with the soil type. The WAM describes "a
peat or muck presence. "
The basin -like area of wetland 17 (W 17) is a former sediment basin that has since
become established with wetland vegetation. The soil in this basin -like area is
composed primarily of coarse mineral material. The wetland has small amounts of
microtopographic relief with pockets of standing water and an open canopy,
which are factors of bog turtle habitat. However, the coarse, compacted, mineral
soils and the fact that this area is a relict man-made sediment basin that is
surrounded by dense upland forest, resulted in CEC's opinion that this area is not
suitable habitat for the bog turtle. The NCWAM forms for W9, W11, and W13
indicate a "muck or peat presence". Those wetlands are under dense canopy cover
and lack suitable structure to be considered suitable bog turtle habitat. W17 did
not contain muck or peat. Photos of the basin -like area of W17 are provided in
Attachment B.
145 7th Avenue West , Suite B
Hendersonville, NC 28792
828-698-9800 Tel

Response to FWS Comments; SAW-2019-01042; DWR Project # 20201025
January 6, 2021
Page 2 of 2
Comment #2 — "Gray Bat and Virginia Big Eared Bat: Both utilize mines, rock shelters,
various types of natural caves, and buildings for roosting. How exactly will the project
avoid impact these species? Was a thorough search for caves, including small fracture
type caves, accomplished? Are any of these other features present on the property?"
There are no mines, caves, or rock outcrops within the project boundary. The
entire project boundary was walked multiple times during the numerous site visits
to assess streams, wetlands, and potential protected species habitat. None of the
features in question were observed within the project boundary. Without the
presence of potentially suitable habitat, adverse impacts to the gray bat and
Virginia big eared bat are not expected.
The applicant believes the information submitted in this package questions set forth by
the FWS in their letter dated September 15, 2020. Should you have any questions or
comments concerning this project please do not hesitate to contact me at 828-698-9800.
Sincerely,
Tyson Kurtz
Biologist
Wgr—
R. C ement Ri s dle, P.W.S.
Principal

Attachment A
FWS Response to Individual Permit Application
(dated September 15, 2020)

From: Quast, Karla L
To: Tyson Kurtz
Subject: Sibelco Quartz Tailings project
Date: Tuesday, September 15, 2020 8:15:22 AM
Hello Tyson Kurtz,
Out office is currently reviewing the proposal for Sibelco Quartz Tailings project. We
have a few clarifying questions on specific species.
Bog Turtle: We have multiple records of Bog Turtle observations within the vicinity of
the project area. The wetland described in the application sounds suitable however,
CEC made a 'not likely to adversely affect' determination. Could we get a more in-
depth description of the wetland? Since the survey's were accomplished in January
our recovery biologist is specifically concerned with the soil type. The WAM describes
"a peat or muck presence."
Gray Bat and Virginia Big Eared Bat: Both utilize mines, rock shelters, various types
of natural caves, and buildings for roosting. How exactly will the project avoid impact
these species? Was a thorough search for caves, including small fracture type caves,
accomplished? Are any of these other features present on the property?
Thank you,
Karla'Qc cao-t
Administrative Assistant
Asheville Field Office
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, South Atlantic/Gulf Region
160 Zillicoa St.
Asheville, NC 28801
karla_quast©fws.gov
office 828/258-3939, ext. 42232
cell 828/230-7836

Attachment B
Photolog of Basin -like portion of Wetland 17 (W17)

Photo 1. W17 looking downslope towards lower end of former sediment basin.
Photo 2. Soils within basin -like area of W17. Compacted, coarse, mineral soils.

Photo 3. Signs of hydrology within basin -like area W17.
Photo 4. Typical view of ground surface within basin -like area of W17.

Photo 5. View of standing water within basin -like area of W17.
Photo 6. Alternate view of basin -like area of W17 looking west.

Photo 7. Photo of basin -like area of W17 from March 2019.
Photo 8. Photo of basin -like area of W17 from March 2019. Similar viewpoint as Photo 1.

Tyson Kurtz
From: Tyson Kurtz
Sent: Monday, February 01, 2021 4:41 PM
To: Fuemmeler, Amanda J CIV (USA)
Subject: RE: Action ID 2019-01042 011is Waste Area Expansion - Comment Responses
Amanda,
We received your November 2, 2020 email with proposed mitigation ratios for Stream S4 and concerns about the
potential hydrological effects of the proposed stormwater basin OL-2.
Stream S4 is an intermittent stream that was temporarily reclaimed to help improve runoff water quality, after the
entire study area was mined in the 1990s. The applicant holds an active mining permit with approval to disturb the study
area. All considered, S4 received a "Medium" functional rating on the NCSAM, which shows the functional benefits of
reclaimed streams on mining sites. A decision to increase the mitigation costs on a feature that was voluntarily
reclaimed at great expense, would deter the applicant from spending money to temporarily restore stream channels on
future mining projects. Sibelco North America Inc. (Sibelco) respectfully requests a 1:1 mitigation ratio for impacts to S4.
Basin OL-2A will collect surface water, direct it into OL-2B, and discharge into Stream S3. This basin layout was chosen to
avoid direct impacts to 361 LF of streams and 0.047 acres of delineated wetlands. The selected outlet location will
maximize the amount of settling time for suspended solids due to the geometry of the sediment basin. The remainder of
the 610 LF of stream and 0.054 acres of delineated wetlands that are to be avoided by the selected site plan were
avoided by revising the OL-3 layout and reducing the project boundary.
Surface water levels within S3 are tied to groundwater, as the stream is perennial. It is unlikely that the OL-2 basin
system will alter the groundwater table to the point of the 610 LF reach of S3 drying up. Wetlands W9, W11, W13, and
W14 abut and drain into S3. Surface water from S3 does not contribute hydrology to those wetlands.
Sibelco is proposing to visually monitor the reach of S3 that is in question of drying up. Visual monitoring will be
analyzed to ensure that hydraulic flow and function is such to maintain biological integrity and provide passage for
aquatic life. Monitoring activities will start prior to construction of OL-2 and continue quarterly for one year post
construction. A memo will be provided to the US Army Corps of Engineers with the monitoring results.
If the 610LF of S3 does not continuously flow with water for one year (or sooner) following construction of OL-2, Sibelco
will change the output of Basin OL-2 to discharge into S3 near the top end of S3 below Brushy Creek Road.
Thank You,
Tyson
CLearWaLer
145 7th Avenue West, Suite B
Hendersonville, NC 28792
Office: 828-698-9800 ext. 302
Mobile: [phone]
[e-mail]
WWW.CWENV.COM
From: Fuemmeler, Amanda J CIV (USA) <[e-mail]>
Sent: Thursday, January 14, 2021 2:16 PM
To: Tyson Kurtz <[e-mail]>
Subject: RE: Action ID 2019-01042 011is Waste Area Expansion - Comment Responses
1

From: Fuemmeler, Amanda J CIV (USA)
To: Clement Riddle; Tyson Kurtz
Cc: Homewood, Sue; Leslie, Andrea J
Subject: 011is Waste IP - Comments and Corps Request for Additional Information
Date: Monday, November 2, 2020 1:27:00 PM
Attachments: 011is consolidated comments.pdf
Clement/Tyson,
Attached are the comments received in response to the Public Notice. As noted in DWR's letter, I will
work on finalizing the Approved JD so they can moved forward with finalizing their review. Please
submit the JD Form that I emailed the other day to assist me with finalizing that piece.
In regards to the comments received, please address WRC's comments relating to additional
information regarding sediment and erosion control measures for the tailings. With regards to their
request and USFWS's request that mitigation be increased to 2:1 for both stream and wetlands, I
believe your NCSAM documents the lower mitigation ratios with the exception of Stream S4. It has a
medium rating and was likely degraded by past mining activities. Please revise the ratio for this one
to 1.5:1.
With regards to the specifics of the plans, my only question/comment is related to the 610 linear
feet and 0.054 acre of wetland that will be avoided next to Basin OL-2B. Looking at the
stormwater/basin plans, it appears that water being collected in Basin OL-2A will be collected and
piped directly into OL-2B which won't discharge until the end of the stream reach. My concern is
that the hydrology of this channel/wetland will be negatively affected and essentially dry up and no
longer be jurisdictional and therefore should be considered an impact. Please review the plans for
this section and provide a response.
All responses/request for additional information should be received within 30 days to continue the
review of this application. Please contact me with any questions, thanks.
Amanda Jones
Regulatory Specialist
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-5006
828-271-7980 ext. 4225

North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
Ramona M. Bartos, Administrator
Governor Roy Cooper Office of Archives and History
Secretary Susi H. Hamilton Deputy Secretary Kevin Cherry
October 20, 2020
Nancy Wallace
US Army Corps of Engineers - Wilmington District
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue RM 208
Asheville, NC 28801
[e-mail]
Re: Expand 011is Waste Area quartz mining waste pit (35.952972, -81.983778), Brushy Creek Road,
Spruce Pine, Avery County, ER 20-2063
Dear Ms. Wallace:
Thank you for your email of September 17, 2020, regarding the above -referenced undertaking. We have
reviewed the submittal and offer the following comments.
We have conducted a review of the project and are aware of no historic resources which would be affected
by the project. Therefore, we have no comment on the project as proposed.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36
CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above comment,
contact Renee Gledhill -Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919-814-6579
or [e-mail]. In all future communication concerning this project, please cite the
above referenced tracking number.
Sincerely,
Ramona Bartos, Deputy
V
State Historic Preservation Officer
Location: 109 East Jones Street, Raleigh NC 27601 Mailing Address: 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4617 Telephone/Fax: [phone]-6598

From: Pace Wilber - NOAA Federal
To: Wallace, Nancy L CIV USARMY CESAW (US); Fuemmeler, Amanda J CIV (USA)
Cc: Fritz Rohde - NOAA Federal; Twvla Cheatwood - NOAA Federal
Subject: [Non-DoD Source] Re: US Army Corps of Engineers Wilmington District Public Notice
Date: Sunday, September 20, 2020 12:06:08 PM
NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) reviewed the project described in the
public notice SAW-2019-01042. Based on the information in the public notice, we confirm
the Wilmington District's determination that the proposed work would NOT occur in the
vicinity of essential fish habitat (EFH) designated by the South Atlantic Fishery Management
Council, Mid -Atlantic Fishery Management Council, or the NMFS. Present staffing levels
preclude further analysis of the proposed work and no further action is planned.
Consequently, we have no comments or recommendations under the Magnuson -Stevens Act
or the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act. This position is neither supportive of nor in
opposition to authorization of the proposed work.
Sincerely,
Pace Wilber
On Thu, Sep 17, 2020 at 10:40 AM Wallace, Nancy L CIV USARMY CESAW (US)
<[e-mail]> wrote:
As you requested, you are hereby notified that Wilmington District, United States
Army Corps of Engineers has issued a Public Notice. The text of this document can
be found on the Public Notices portion of the Regulatory Division Home Page. Each
Public Notice is available in ADOBE ACROBAT (.pdf) format for viewing, printing or
download at Blockedhttp://www.saw.usace.army.mil/Missions/Regulatory-Permit-
Program/Public-Notices/
As with anything you download from the internet, be sure to check for viruses
prior to opening. The current notice involves:
Corps Action ID#: SAW-2019-01042
Issue Date: September 17, 2020
Applicant: Sibelco North America, Incorporated

Expiration Date: 5:00 p.m., October 16, 2020
Point of Contact: Amanda Jones Fuemmeler, 828-271-7980 Ext 4225.
Project Description: The Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers (Corps) received
an application from Sibelco North America, Incorporated, seeking Department of the
Army authorization to discharge fill material into 0.274 acre of wetlands and 347
linear feet of stream channel, associated with the expansion of an existing waste
area at the Brushy Creek Mine (project known as 011is Waste Area Expansion), in
Spruce Pine, in Avery County, North Carolina.
Nancy Wallace
USACE Wilmington District
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue RM 208
Asheville, NC 28801
828-271-7980 Ext 4221
[e-mail]
Subscribe/Unsubscribe: This email was sent out as a result of subscribing to the
Wilmington District regulatory program public notices. Please reply to this email with
the subject or message "unsubscribe" to remove your address from future mailings.
Pace Wilber, Ph.D.
HCD Atlantic Branch Supervisor
NOAA Fisheries Service

331 Ft Johnson Road
Charleston, SC 29412
843-460-9926 <----Office Number
843-568-4184 <----Office Cell Number
[e-mail]

United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
October 21, 2020
Amanda Fuemmeler
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801
[e-mail]
Dear Amanda Fuemmeler:
f us. 1
Subject: Sibelco Quartz Tailings Inc; Avery County, North Carolina Log No. 4-2-20-503
FISH &WILDLIFE
SERVICE
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has reviewed the information provided in your
Public Notice dated September 17, 2020 wherein you notify the Service of potential project -
mediated impacts to federally protected species. We submit the following comments in
accordance with the provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 661-667e); the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. §4321 et seq.); and
section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act).
Project Description
According to the information provided, the proposed project would require a Section 404
Nationwide Permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and entail the expansion of the 011is
Waste Area to receive quartz processing tailings in Spruce Pine, North Carolina. The Applicant
anticipates 3471f of unavoidable stream impacts and 0.274 acres of wetland impacts that will
allow for the disposal of mining waste material. The site is approximately 56 acres in extent with
areas of disturbance due to historical use for mine operations. Additionally, the property consist
of a successional wooded areas, transitional habitats, as well as stream/wetland corridors which
drain into Brushy Creek. Surrounding habitats are dominated by mining development and
wooded lands.
Federally Listed Endangered and Threatened Species
According to Service records, suitable summer roosting habitat may be present in the project
area for the federally threatened northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis). However, the
final 4(d) rule (effective as of February 16, 2016), exempts incidental take of northern long-eared
bat associated with activities that occur greater than 0.25 miles from a known hibernation site,
and greater than 150 feet from a known, occupied maternity roost during the pup season (June 1
— July 31). Based on the information provided, the project would occur at a location where any
incidental take that may result from associated activities is exempt under the 4(d) rule.
Although not required, we encourage the Applicant to avoid any associated tree clearing
activities during this animal's maternity roosting season from May 15 — August 15.

Service records show multiple occurrences of bog turtles within the project vicinity. We are
concerned about proj ect-mediated impacts to this species that may result from wetland
disturbances. This species is known to occur in open, unpolluted emergent and scrub/shrub
wetlands including fens, sphagnum bogs, marshy meadows, and wet pastures. The southern
population of bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) is federally threatened due to similarity of
appearance and is therefore not subject to section 7 consultation. However, detecting and
conserving novel populations of bog turtle may prevent the need for additional regulatory
protections for this animal. Your correspondence states that "species survey and potential habitat
assessment" was conducted January 23 of 2020, but it is unclear if targeted surveys were
completed at that time. Therefore, we encourage, but do not require, that the Applicant survey
for this imperiled animal where its habitat occurs onsite to ensure that it is not inadvertently lost.
Project receiving waters, (North Toe River, approximately 1 mile downstream from the project)
support the eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis). Our office considers this animal a
species of concern and it is not currently afforded legal protection under the Act. However,
incorporating proactive conservation measures on its behalf may preclude the need to list it in the
future. We encourage project proponents to consider incorporating materials in areas that would
be protected from project mediated impacts. We do not recommend creating and installing
elements of suitable habitat for species within the project impact areas. At your request, the
Service is available to provide specific guidance regarding shelter dimensions and position.
Based on the information provided in the public notice, the proposed activity would authorize
permanent impacts to 347 linear feet total to two unnamed tributaries. Mitigation is proposed at a
1:1 ratio for 197 linear feet of impact to Stream 4 and 2:1 for 150 linear feet of impact to Stream
3. Additionally, the proposed action would authorize fill in three wetlands (totaling 0.274 acres).
These streams and wetlands provide valuable function to onsite habitat supporting a diverse
ecosystem within the project boundaries and receiving waters of Brushy Creek and North Toe
River. The Service would support a minimum of 2:1 mitigation ratio for impacts to Stream 4
which is rated `medium' by NCSAM.
We offer the following general recommendations on behalf of natural resources:
Erosion and Sediment Control
Measures to control sediment and erosion should be installed before any ground -disturbing
activities occur. Grading and backfilling should be minimized, and existing native vegetation
should be retained (if possible) to maintain riparian cover for fish and wildlife. Disturbed areas
should be revegetated with native vegetation as soon as the project is completed. Ground
disturbance should be limited to what will be stabilized quickly, preferably by the end of the
workday. Natural fiber matting (coir) should be used for erosion control as synthetic
netting can trap animals and persist in the environment beyond its intended purpose.
Riparian Buffers
Natural, forested riparian buffers are critical to the health of aquatic ecosystems. They
accomplish the following:
2

1. catch and filter runoff, thereby helping to prevent nonpoint-source pollutants from
reaching streams;
2. enhance the in -stream processing of both point- and nonpoint-source pollutants;
3. act as "sponges" by absorbing runoff (which reduces the severity of floods) and by
allowing runoff to infiltrate and recharge groundwater levels (which maintains stream
flows during dry periods);
4. catch and help prevent excess woody debris from entering the stream and creating
logj ams;
5. stabilize stream banks and maintain natural channel morphology;
6. provide coarse woody debris for habitat structure and most of the dissolved organic
carbon and other nutrients necessary for the aquatic food web; and
7. maintain air and water temperatures around the stream.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to provide these comments. Please contact Mr. Byron
Hamstead of our staff at [e-mail], if you have any questions. In any future
correspondence concerning this project, please reference our Log Number 4-2-20-503.
Sincerely,
- - original signed - -
Janet Mizzi
Field Supervisor
3