20071049 Ver 5_401 Application_20070607

Office Use Only: Form Version May 2002
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No. 2 0 0 7 '1 0 4 9
~u airy parucuiar item is not appucauie to ttus project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
1. Chec all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
Se tion 404 Permit ^ Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
ection 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested:
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ^
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (verify availability with NCWRP prior to submittal of PCN), complete
section VIII and check here: ^
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), checl~here: ,-
Y ~~ f{~. i 1 ( ~ ~ ~ k i M'A
II. Applicant Information ,. F
1 0. ~..
.J ~_; ter' !. e3 x~
1. Owner/ li ant Inf rmation `
Name: ~ ~ l GC ~ ~~=>,,;< r~~~, :,~~; ~.a~~,~-r
., ~ , ,~ ., _ . +c~
Mailing Address:
b 2
~ C 7S
Telephone Number: _ - D~ Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached i the Agent has si atory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: ~¢.~ p,~J cJ ~
Company Affiliation:_,~~~_~g _
Mailing Address: ~2lYnJ (~r<Y/p S
Telephone Number:
E-mail Address: .5
Fax Number:
Page 5 of 12

III.
Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by I7-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
I. Name of project
~~.~ ~, ec.~k~-~-- ~Q ~-- P
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only):
u p ase o num er).
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): o?~(Q 5 ~'', ~~`2d~~~1
~~ ~ I6w -~c.r~ ~e~.; ~-~f'~1 ~iC~t c`yJ ~c~rmc ~-ll~,o..l p ~c~h-~
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): ~~lw~s~3(~~~
4. Location~~~ ~ I ,
County: ~ Nearest Town: 4~~~ ~
Subdivision name (incl de h /1 t b
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long):
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
6. Property size (acres): ~~
7. Nearest body of water (stream river/sound/ocean/lake): ~ ~~D2 ~ ~/~Ch~
8. River Basin: ~H`~~-kJ ~ ~~ J ~-
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land se in the vicinity of tie project
at the ti~e~of this appli ation: ~ 2s w S~e~ cal ~ sio ~ ~tS Qr` ~a~
-+~}c ~ CtJ~ ~s i Ci,S C1c25 ~-~2 ~s Q ~`~~" ~
Page 6 of 12

10.
1~ ~
11. Explain thepurpose of the proposed worl~,:_ ~~+l~~P T~ pe ~ aac~ 73
(b~Ler'
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested andlor obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved',wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated. mitigation (where applicable). If this'is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.LP. project, along with
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide~jus~ification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
Page 7 of 12

1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts:
2. Individually list wetland impacts below:
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Located within
100-year Floodplain**
(yes/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
(linear feet)
.Type of Wetland***

L~~~ cacn unpac~ separately ana iaenury temporary unpacts. Impacts mclude, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps are available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at ham://www.fema,,gov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater-marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.) Indicate if wetland is isolated (determination of isolation to be made by USACE only).
List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property:
Total area of wetland impact proposed:
3. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts below:
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width `,
of Stream
Before Impact Perennial or
Intermittent?
(please specify)

x
List each unpact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear footprinj for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
"" Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online at
www,usgs,gov. Several Internet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www_topozone:com,
www.mapquest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site:
Page 8 of 12

4. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.) below:
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres)
Name of Waterbody
(~ applicable) Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
bay, ocean, etc.)

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also .discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, `discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
Page 9 of 12

USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and ,maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be :placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o:enr:state_nc_us/ncwetlands/strm~ide html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCWRP at
[phone] to determine availability and to request written approval of mitigation prior
to submittal of a PCN. For additional information regarding the application process for the
NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/ndex.htm. If use of
the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide the
following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Page 10 of 12

IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state) funds or the use of public
(federaUstate) la
Yes No ^
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ^ No ^
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ^ No ^
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ^ No [~ If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of .mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(s uare feet) Multiplier Required
Mitigation
1 3
2 1.5
Total
" Gone 1 extends out 30 Teet perpendicular Prom near bank of channel; Gone "L extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
Page 11 of 12

If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified v~ithin I SA NCAC 2B .0242 or .0260.
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss Stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
dowr~r~am from the property.
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewa~r g~en~erated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (ISA NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No ~....
Is this an after-the-fact permi application?
Yes ^ No
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is
Page 12 of 12

Neil Brackett Restoration Project
Bledsoe Branch
McDowell County 2 0 0 7 1 0 4 9
Background Information
Bledsoe Branch is a tributary of Muddy Creek. Bledsoe Branch has problems scattered up and
down its length associated with streambank erosion. The excessive streambank erosion in this
stream is typical of a stream that has been straightened years ago, lost riparian vegetation and is also
partially incised. The typical stream one would expect to find in this valley type would be a
meandering stream made up of riffles and pools. The stream in this area is experiencing down valley
migration of the meander bends. The stream has areas where the entrenchment ratio is too small
and the bank height ratio greater than 1.5:1. This stream would typically reach the bankfull'flow
every 1.3 -1.5 years. This storm event would place water flow at or near the top of the low bank.
Storm events or flows greater than the 1.3 -1.5 year storm would spill over onto the floodplain of the
stream. The stream in this reach would be classified as a "Type F" stream. The stream bank
erosion rate along this section of Bledsoe Branch is excessive and restoring sections of this stream
and stabilizing other sections will reduce the erosion rate to normal conditions and also improve
water quality.
Field Measurements & Observations
This portion of Bledsoe Branch is approximately 800 feet long, while the entire project will involve
over 3200 feet when the project is completed. The stream is widening in an attempt to gain
floodprone area and is increasing the width/depth ratio. The higher width ratio has a negative
impact on sediment transport causing the stream to aggrade in this reach.
Proposed Solutions
The solution proposed along this reach is as follows:
• Develop Stream Types "C" and "Bc" using the dimension, pattern and profile measures in
the design package.
• Install cross-vanes to develop proper width at locations directed by designer (these locations
will typically be in the "run" as the meander begins.
• Install j-hook, log-vane, root wad combination structures at locations directed by designer
to direct velocities along meanders (these locations will typically be in the "pool" sections of
the stream
• Develop a bankfull bench along this section of stream to reduce bank height ratio
• Develop a riparian area along both banks with desirable species to provide long term
stabilization of the stream
The proposed solution on this project is based on survey data collected by local SWCD, NRCS and
area NRCS staff. Restoring this section of stream will greatly decrease the amount of sediment
leaving this stream. Other benefits to this stream will include the development of a forested riparian
buffer along the stream to improve water quality, lower stream temperatures, and improve!!aquatic
habitat.
The attached drawings and design information are provided for your information. If you have
additional questions please give me a call.
Alan Walker
Resource Conservationist
Waynesville Area Office
[phone] Ext. 5
Page lof 1

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXISTING AND PROPOSED
CHANNEL WITH REFERENCE REACH DATA
(After Rosgen, 1996)
Restoration Site (Name of stream & location): Neil Brackett, Bledsoe Branch, McDowell Co., NC
Reference Reach (Name of stream & location): North Prong South Fork Mitchell River
Surry Co., NC
VARIABLES EXISTING PROPOSED .PROPOSED REFERENCE
CHANNEL REACH REACH REACH
1. Stream type G4/F4 Bc4 C4 C4
2. Drainage area 0.7 0.7 0.7 2.2
s . mi.
3. Bankfull width Mean: 11.8 Mean: 15 Mean: 12.3 Mean: 16.3
(Wbkf) - ft.
Range: 10.7 -12.8 Range: Range: Range: 16.0 -16.6
4. Bankfull mean Mean: 1.15 Mean: 0.9 Mean: 1.1 Mean: 1.5
depth (dbkf) - ft.
Range: 0.9 -1.4 Range Range: Range: 1.4 -1.6
5. Width/depth Mean: 10.9 Mean: 14 Mean: 11.6 Mean: 10.9
rat10 (Wbkf/dbkf) '
Range: 7.6 -14.2 Range: Range: 10.5 - 13 Range: 10.4 -11.4
6. Bankfull cross- Mean: 13.3 Mean: 13.5 Mean: 13.2 Mean: 24.8
sectional area
Abkf - s ft Range: 11.8 -14.7 Range: Range: Range: 22.7 - 27
7. Bankfull mean Mean: 3.2 Mean: 3.2 Mean: 3.2 Mean: 4.3
velocity (vbkf) - f/s
Range: 2.8 - 3.6 Ran e: Ran e: Ran e: 4.0 - 4.7
8. Bankfull discharge, 42 42 42 107
CfS Q kf
9. Bankfull Mean: 1.55 Mean: 1.3 Mean: 1.6 Mean: 2.15
Maximum depth
dmax - ft• Range: 1.3 - 1.8 Range: 1.2 - 1.4 Range: 1.5 - 1.7 Range: 2.1 - 2.2
10. Max drill/dbkf ratio Mean: 1.35 Mean: 1.45 Mean: 1.45 Mean: 1.45
Ran e: 1.3 -1.4 Ran e: 1.4 - 1.5 Ran e: 1.4 - 1.5 Ran e: 1.4 -1.5
11. Riffle Length (L,;ff) Mean: Mean: 19.5 Mean: 16 Mean: _-
ft, Range: Range: 6 - 39 Range: 5 - 32 Range:
12. Ratio riffle length Mean: Mean: 1.3 Mean: 1.3 Mean:
to bkf width Range: Range: 0.4 - 2.6 Range: 0.4 - 2.6 Range:
-riff /vbkf
13. Low bank height Mean: 2.0 Mean: 1.0 Mean: 1.0 Mean:
to max. dbkf ratio Range: 1.55 - 2.6 Range: Range: Range:
14. Width of Mean: 15 Mean: 30 Mean: 53 Mean:
flood prone area
Wf a - ft• Range: 14 - 16.5 Range: 24 - 36 Range: 31 - 74 Range:
15. Entrenchment Mean: 1.3 Mean: 2.0 Mean: 4.3 .Mean:
ratio (wfPa/vbkf) Range: 1.2 -1.5 Range: 1.6 - 2.4 Range: 2.5 - 6 Range:
Page 1 of 5 07/13/06

[- VARIABLES EXISTING PROPOSED PROPOSED 'REFERENCE
- CHANNEL REACH REACH REACH
16. Meander length Mean: Mean: 180 Mean: 148 Mean:
(L) ft.
m - Range: Range: 120 - 240 Range: 98 -197 Range:
17. Ratio Of Mean: Mean: 12 Mean: 12 Mean:
meander length
to bankfull Range: Range: 8 -16 Range: 8 -16 Range:
width Lm~wbkf
18. Radius of Mean: Mean: 45 Mean: 37 Mean:
curvature (R~) -
ft Range: Range: 33 - 90 Range: 27 - 74 Range:
19. Ratio of radius Mean: Mean: 3 Mean: 3 Mean:
of curvature to
bankfull width Range: Range: 2.2 - 6 Range: 2.2 - 6 Range:
Rc~wbkf
20. Belt width (wblt) Mean: Mean: 63 Mean: 52 Mean:
- ft.
Range: Range: 33 - 90 Range: 27 - 74 Range:
21. Meander width Mean: Mean: 4.2 Mean: 4.2 Mean:
ratl0 (Wblt~wbkf)
Range: Range: 2.2 - 6 Range: 2.2 - 6 Range:
22. Sinuosity = k 1.4
(Stream Lengthibalwe9/
valle distance
23. Valley slope 0.0168 0.0168 0.0168 0.0153
ft/ft
24. Average water 0.012 0.009
surface slope-ft/ft
Sav = Svalle k
25. Pool slope Mean: 0.0009 Mean: Mean: Mean:
(spool) - ft/ft
Ran e: 0.0004 - 0.002
9
Ran e:
Ran e:
Ran e:
26. Ratio of pool Mean:.075 Mean: 0.15 Mean: 0.15 Mean:
slope to
average slope Range:.003 - 0.17 Range: 0.1 - 0.2 Range: 0.1 - 0.2 Range:
S ool~Sbkf
27. Maximum Mean: 2.8 Mean: 2.3 Mean: 2.8 Mean:
pool depth
d ft,
max ool - Range: 2.2 - 3.5 Range: 1.6 - 2.7 Range: 2 - 3.3 Range:

_ .
28. Ratio of pool Mean: 2.4 Mean: 2.5 Mean: 2.5 ean:
depth to
average Range: 1.9 - 3.0 Range: 1.8 - 3.0 Range: 1.8 - 3.0 Range:
bankfull depth
dmax ool~dbkf
Pool width
29 Mean: 16.1 Mean: 16.5 Mean: 13.5 Mean:
.
w oo~ _ ft. Range: Range: 13.5 -17.3 Range: 11 - 14 Range:
30. Ratio of pool Mean: 1.4 Mean: 1.1 Mean: 1.1 Mean:
width to Range: 0.9 - 1.15 Range: 0.9 -1.15
bankfull width Range: Range:
w ool~wbkf
31. Pool Area - sq ft Mean: 20.6 Mean: 20.3 Mean: 20 Mean:
(Apoo~) Range: Range: 18.9 - 21.6 Range: 18.5 - 21 Range:
Page 2 of 5 07/13/06

4'ARIABLES EXISTING PROPOSED PROPOSED REFERENCE
CHANNEL. REACH REACH REACH
32. Ratio of Pool Mean: 1.5 Mean: 1.5 Mean: 1.5 Mean:
Area to Bankfull
Area A oo,/Abkf Range: Range: 1.4 - 1.6 Range: 1.4 -1.6 Range:
33. Point Bar Slope Mean: Mean: 1.5 Mean: 1.5 Mean:

Range: Range: 1.4 - 1.6 Range: 1.4 -1.6 ! Range:
34. Pool to pool Mean: 63.2 Mean: 41 Mean: 74 Mean:
spacing (p-p) -
ft, Range: 39.7 -113.8 Range: 38 - 45 Range: 52 - 98 Range:
35. Ratio of p-p Mean: 5.6 Mean: 2.75 Mean: 6 Mean:
spacing to
bankfull width Range: 3.5 - 10.0 Range: 2.5 - 3.0 Range: 4.2 - 8.0
' Range:
- /Wbkf '
36. Pool length (LPoo,) Mean: 27.6 Mean: 16.5 Mean: 14 Mean:
- ft. Range: 12.5 - 42.6 Range: 7.5 - 30 Range: 6.2 - 25 Range:
37. Ratio of Pool Mean: 2.3 Mean: 1.1 Mean: 1.1 Mean:
length to
bankfull width Range: 1.1 - 3.8 Range: 0.5 - 2.0 Range: 0.5 - 2.0 Range:
L ool/Wbkf
38. Avg. riffle slope Mean: 0.036 Mean: Mean: Mean:
s~ff - ft,/ft. Range: 0.021 - 0.061 Range: Range: Range:
39. Ratio of riffle Mean: 3.0 Mean:.2 Mean: 2 Mean:
slope to avg.
slo a s,;ff/sa„ Range: 1.8 - 5.0 Range: 1.3 - 2.2 Range: 1.3 - 2.2 ' Range:
40. Avg. run slope Mean: 0.015 Mean: Mean: Mean:
ft/ft Range: 0.004 - 0.02 Range: Range: Range:
41. Ratio of run Mean: 1.3 Mean: 1.6 Mean: 1.6 Mean:
slope to avg
slo a stirs/sa„ Range: 0.3 -1.7 Range: 1.4 - 2.2 Range: 1.4 - 2.2 Range:
42. Avg. glide slope Mean: 0.004 Mean: Mean: Mean:
ft/ft Range: 0.0019 - 0.007 Range: Range: Range:
43. Ratio of glide Mean: 0.3 Mean: 0.2 Mean: 0.2 Mean:
slope to avg
sloes ,;d~/sa~ Range: 0.15 - 0.5 Range: 0.15 - 0.3 Range: 0.15 - 0.3 Range:
44. Max run depth Mean: 2.1 Mean: 1.6 Mean: 2.0 Mean:
dmax r<,n - ft• Range: 1.9 - 2.4 Range: 1.4 - 2.0 Range: 1.8 - 2.4 Range:
45. Ratio of max. run Mean: 1.8 Mean: 1.8 Mean: 1.8 Mean:
depth to mean bkf - -
de th dmax run/dbkf Range: 1.7 - 2.1 Range: 1.6 - 2.2 Range: 1.6 - 2.2 Range:
46. RUn wldth (W~n) Mean: Mean: 15 Mean: 12.3 Mean:
- ft. Range: Range: 12 -16.5 Range: 10 -13.5 Range:
47. Run width to Mean: Mean: 1.0 Mean: 1.0 Mean:
bankfull width Range: Range: 0.8 -1.1 Range: 0.8 - 1.1 Range:
ratio w~,~/wbkf
48. Mean run depth Mean: Mean: 1.2 Mean: 1.2 Mean:
dn,~ ft, Range: Range: 1.1 -1.6 Range: 1.1 -1.6 Range:
49. Run w/d ratio Mean: Mean: 10 Mean: 10 Mean:
Wrun/drun Range: Range: 6.4 -11.9 Range: 6.4 - 11.9 Range:
50. Ratio of run w/d Mean: Mean: 0.85 Mean: 0.85 Mean:
to riffle w/d Range: Range: Range: Range:
Page 3 of 5 07/13/06

4~ARIABLES EXISTING PROPOSED PROPOSED ' REFERENCE
CHANNEL REACH REACH REACH
51. Run length (Cron) Mean: Mean: 7.5 Mean: 6.2 Mean:
- ft. Range: Range: 3 - 12 I
Range: 2.5 - 10 ~ Range:
52. Ratio of run Mean: Mean: 0.5 Mean: 0.5 Mean:
length to bankfull Range: Range: 0.2 - 0.8 Range: 0.2 - 0.8 Range:
width Lrun/wbkf
53. Max. glide depth Mean: 1.7 Mean: 1.0 Mean: 1.2 ; Mean:
dmax ode - ft• Range: 1.3 - 1.8 Range: 0.8 - 1.1 Range: 1.0 - 1.3 Range:
54. Ratio of max. Mean: 1.5 Mean: 1.1 Mean: 1.1 Mean:
glide depth to
mean bkf depth Range: 1.1 - 1.6 Range: 0.9 -1.2 Range: 0.9 - 1.2 Range:
dmax lide/dbkf
55. Glide width Mean: Mean: 18 Mean: 14.8 Mean:
w I;de - ft, Range: Range: 15 -19.5 Range: 12.3 - 16 ! Range:
56. Ratio of glide Mean: ~ Mean: 1.2 Mean: 1.2 Mean:
width to bankfull Range: Range: 1.0 -1.3 Range:.1.0 -1.3 Range:
width W lide/wbkf
57. Glide mean Mean: Mean: Mean: `, Mean:
de th d I;de - ft. Range: Range: Range: Range:
58. Glide length Mean: Mean: 13.5 Mean: 11 Mean:
L ride - ft. Range: Range: 6 -18 Range: 5 -14.8 Range:
59. Ratio of glide Mean: Mean: 0.9 Mean: 0.9 Mean:
length to bankfull
width L ,;de/wbkf Range: Range: 0.4 -1.2 Range: 0.4 - 1.2 ~ Range:
Remarks:
Page 4 of 5 07/13/06

VARIABLES EXISTING PROPOSED PROPOSED REFERENCE
CHANNEL REACH REACH REACH
MATERIALS:
1. Particle Size
Distribution of
Channel Material
mm
D ~s 0.59 0.24
D s5 5.42 1
D eo 12.7 34.6
D sa 35.3 96.7
D ss 60.2 121.3
2. Particle Size
Distribution of
Bar Material mm EXISTING
CHANNEL PROPOSED
REACH REFERENCE
REACH
D ~s 4.5
D s5 3.0 21
D 50 6.7 38.8
D sa 28.9 83.2
D ss 53.2 98.2
Largest size particle
at the toe (lower third)
of bar mm 67 105
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT VALIDATION
(BASED ON BANKFULL SHEAR STRESS)
Existin Condition
Pro' osed Condition
Bankfull shear stress -Calculated value (Ib/f) 0.79 0.79 - - -
Critical shear stress -Value from Shields Diagram(Iblft)
OR Grain Diameter from Shields Diagram (mm)
Relation ad'usted to include field data 75 75
Critical dimensionless shear stress 0.03 0.03
Minimum mean dbkf calculated using critical
dimensionless shear stress a uations 0.81 1.1
Manning's "n" 0.038 0.038
These val atio er alcul ed d proposed by:
Name: Location: /~u,~ ~~ Or~~
Title: ~,. Date: r~
Page 5 of 5 07/13/06

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River Name: Bledsoe Branch
Reach Name: Reach 1
Stream
F 4 Type Valley Type D50(mm) val Slope BKF Q(cfs) D4(sq mi)
VIII 12.71 0.0168 42 Q.7
Dimension Summary
Database based on the following Cross Sections:
variable Min Avg Max
Floodprone Width (ft) 120 120 120
Riffle Area (Sq ft) 14.81 14.81 14
81'
Max Riffle Depth (ft)• 1.73 1.73 .
1
73 `
Mean Riffle Depth (ft) 1.14 1.14 .
1
14
Riffle width (ft) 13 13 .
13
Pool Area (Sq ft) 20.62 20.62 20
62
Max Pool Depth (ft) 2.21 2.75 .
3
51
Mean Pool Depth (ft) 1.28 1.28 .
1
28
Pool width (ft) 16.12 16.12 .
16
12
Run Area (Sq ft) 0 0 .
0
Max Run Depth (ft) 1.92 2,06 2 38
Mean Run Depth (ft) 0 0 0
Run width (ft) 0
Glide Area (Sq ft) 0 p ~
Max Glide Depth (ft) 1.3 1.68 1
84
Mean Glide Depth (ft) 0 0 .
0
Glide width (ft) 0 0 0
Pattern Summary
variable Min Avg Max
Sinuosity 1.4
Meander wavelength (ft) 40 45 50
Radius of curvature (ft) 0 0 0
Belt width (ft) 20 40 60
Profile Summary
Data Based on the following:
variable
Min Avg Max
-------------

5 riffle (ft/ft) ---------------

0.02149 ----------

0.03597 ------------
-----
0.06191
S pool (ft/ft) 0.00037 0.00094 0.00203
5 run (ft/ft) 0.00388 0.0148 0.02387
5 glide (ft/ft) 0.00188 0.00386 0.00688
P - P (ft)
P length (ft) 39.65
12.48 63.23
27.63 113.81
42.59

Dmax riffle (ft)
1.73
1.73 .
1.73
Dmax pool (ft) 2.21 2.75 3.51
Dmax run (ft) 1.92 2.06 2.38
Dmax glide (ft) 1.3 1.68 1.84
pow Bank Ht (ft) 1.55 2.01 2
63
Bankfull slope (ft/ft) 0.012 .

1'IyUI,dU I IL JUlllllldl y
variable Min Avg Max
Discharge (cfs) 42
velocity (fps) 3.57
Hyd Radius (ft) 1.06 1.06 1.06
Bkf Shear (lb/ sq ft) 0.79 0.79 0.79

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
WAD -LOG VANE-J-HOOK COMBINATYON
1) SCOPE
This specification covers the installation of Root Wad -Log Vane-J-Hook Combination
Structures at locations as shown on the construction plans and as directed by the','engineer.
2) PURPOSE
• Redirect erosive velocities away from streambanks
• Provide soil cover during the establishment of woody vegetation
• Provide aquatic and terrestrial habitat
• This practice does not apply to streams that are highly entrenched.
3) DEFINITIONS
ROOT WADS -Trees that have been uprooted with as much of the root system intact as possible
with a stem fourteen to twenty feet long. (See Fig 1)
LOG VANE - ~ A log, fourteen to twenty feet long placed at an angle of 20 to 30 degrees off the
bank and at a slope of 5 to 7 percent. (See Fig 1)
J-HOOK - A rock vane with a hooked portion on the streambed. The hook provides
additional habitat. (See fig. 2) May included a sill (See fig. 3) which continues
across the stream bed from the hook portion of the structure, perpendicular to
the flow and follows the shape and elevation of the stream bed and stream bank
up to interberm or as directed by the engineer.
ENGINEER - The USDA-NRCS and/or SWCD person(s) who have appropriate construction
approval authority for Practice Standard 580, Streambank and Shoreline
Protection for the specific size and type of structure.
STREAM BANK -Portions of intermittent or perennial stream banks which are; eroding at an
accelerated rate due to the effects of stream flow near banks without adequate
vegetative cover and supporting riparian area.
BANKFULL - The stream flow level at which the stream channel is formed and maintained.
The term "bankfull" should not be confused with "the top of the bank". Persons
who have received training in Natural Stream Channel evaluation shall identify
the bankfull elevation.
4) PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
USDA-NRCS page 1 Root Wad -Log Vane - J-Hook
North Carolina December 2002

This practice should be applied as a part of a total Natural Stream Channel Restoration design.
Root wads are not intended to be a total solution to the streambank erosion problem in
themselves. They are to be used as a component of a total streambank management plan, which
may require a number of associated practices. In some cases modification of the'',stream
dimension, pattern and profile may be required before structures are installed. The use of root
wads without considering the stable dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream'will most likely
result in failure.
5) PERMITTING
No work, which is covered by this specification, shall be performed until the Army Corp of
Engineers has issued a Section 404 permit and the Division of Water Quality has!, issued a
Section 401 certification (if required). The final construction plans and specifications must be
prepared and approved prior to the beginning of construction.
6) EQUIPMENT
• A hydraulic excavator (trackhoe) with a hydraulic "thumb" shall be used to handle and install
root wads
• A chain saw shall be available on site during construction
• All required safety equipment shall be available during construction. Safety'equipment
includes but is not limited to hard hats, chain saw chaps, gloves, and eye and!, hearing
protection.
'n SUPERVISION
The engineer must be on-site to supervise and inspect each operation as it is performed. No
work, which is covered by this specification,. shall be performed in the absence of the engineer
except as approved by the engineer. The work shall be conducted as directed by the engineer.
The engineer shall be notified a minimum of 24 hours before installation is performed.
8) INSTALLATION
Excavate a trench into the bank to embed the stem of the root wad. Excavate an area in the
stream bed and stream bank to provide for excess root mass. Excavate a trench in the stream bed
to embed the upper part of the log vane. Install root wad and log vane, cable together at the
intersection of the two root masses. Install rock for "J-Hook" (must have footer rocks). All
excavation will be performed at the location, elevation, and orientation and to the dimensions as
directed by the engineer. (See figure 1)
The streambank shall be sloped to 1 %2 :1 or flatter from the top of the root wad stem at the
junction with the root system to the top of the bank.
Equipment which appears to be leaking fluids shall be removed to a safe site away from the
stream corridor until it is repaired and confirmed that no leaks exist.
USDA-NRCS page 2 Root Wad -Log Vane - J-Hook
North Carolina December 2002

9) MATERIALS
• LOGS WITH ATTACHED ROOT MASS:
LENGTH OF IN BANK TREE -The stem shall be of sufficient length so that a
minimum of 12 feet is placed into well consolidated soil plus approximately 2 feet of
protrusion from the streambank for attachment of the log vane portion of the structure. If
Root Wads are placed in front of fresh fill material, the width of the fill material must be
added to the minimum length to find the required total stem length. The stem length
which passes through fresh fill material shall not exceed 1/3 of the total stem length.
LENGTH OF LOG VANE TREE -The stem shall be of sufficient length so the vane
maybe installed a slope of 7 percent or less and have approximately 1/3 of the total
length of stem buried into the streambed at the upstream end.
~ DIAMETER -The minimum diameter of the stem measured at a point 4 %z feet from the
uppermost root shall be 8 inches unless otherwise specified in the ITEMS OF WORK.
FORM -The stem shall be as straight as possible for the entire length. Log Vane Trees
may not have bows and/or other deformities which will cause a concentration of flow at
any point along the section of stem which is exposed to stream flow. The stem shall not
exhibit an unusual degree of taper. Forks should be avoided on In Bank Trees except
where soil conditions mandate trenching, and are prohibited on Log Vane Trees except
within the portion which will be buried in the streambed. ',
• SPECIES -Tree species shall be selected that exhibit rot resistant, and have dense,
relatively large root masses. Maple, Sycamore, and Hemlock are some of the possible
choices.
• HANDLING -Trees shall be removed, transported, and installed in such a manner as to
preserve as much of the root mass as possible. Excess soil shall be removed from the
root mass before installation into the stream, in a manner which does not!damage the
roots. Extreme care should be used during the installation process to avoid root mass
damage.
• HARVEST SITE -Trees shall not be harvested from within the riparian',area except
where associated stream restoration activities require the removal of the tree. Trees
which are harvested from within the riparian area shall not be removed without the
approval of the on-site engineer. Trees should not be harvested from areas that are steep
enough to cause the stem to have grown skewed to the root mass. Care should be taken
during and after the harvesting process to not allow erosion of the harvest site. The
harvest site should be filled, smoothed and seeded immediately after removal of the tree.
Seeding species shall be in keeping with surrounding vegetation or as otherwise directed
in the ITEMS OF WORK or by the on-site engineer. _ __
• QUALITY -Trees maybe rejected by the on-site engineer if they are split, broken,
decaying, or otherwise exhibit faults which will cause the service life of the structure to
be less than the time required to establish permanent woody vegetation with sufficient
root systems to protect the streambank.
• CABLES shall be a minimum of 5/8 inch unless otherwise specified in the ITEMS OF
WORK. Cables shall be clamped at a minimum of two places with U-Bolt style cable
clamps designed for the size and type of cable used. It is recommended that Skidder Chokers
with loops formed on one end be used to cable the two stems together. The cable shall
encompass the two stems between the two root masses at the stump portion of the stem.
USDA-NRCS page 3 Root Wad -Log Vane - J-Hook
North Carolina December 2002

Skidder Chokers should be a minimum of 20 feet long unless otherwise specified in the
ITEMS OF WORK.
• J-HOOK ROCKS -The rocks shall be a minimum of 2' x 1.5' x 1.0' unless',otherwise
specified in the ITEMS OF WORK.
• VEGETATION shall be in accordance to the Vegetation Specifications for the project.
USDA-NRCS page 4 Root Wad -Log Vane - J-Hook
North Carolina December 2002

10) ASSOCIATED PRACTICES
• ROCK VANES, CROSS VANES, J HOOKS, LOG VANES and related instream structures
planned as an integral component of the natural stream channel restoration design.
• CRITICAL AREA SEEDING shall be applied on all disturbed areas.
• WOODY VEGETATION shall be established on the sloped bank above bankfull and on top
of the bank.
• RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFER should be considered.
• LIVESTOCK EXCLUSION shall be installed if livestock are pastured in the area.
11) FIGURES
Figures attached to this specification illustrate the placement and orientation of'the root wads.
Figures are as follows:
Figure 1-Root Wad Cross Section
Figure 2 -Root Wad Plan View
12) ITEMS OF WORK
Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and the construction
details therefore are:
a) Construct stream stabilization measures at the Brackett site on Bledsoe Creek/River in the
Community in McDowell County at the locations as shown on the construction
drawings and/or as directed by the on-site Engineer.
b) Ingress and egress of equipment and materials shall be only at locations and through routes as
approved by the Engineer.
c) Provide all equipment, tools, materials and labor required to insta1120 Root Wad -Log Vane-J-
Hook Combination Structures.
d) Provide all equipment, tools, materials and labor required to seed all disturbed areas, which will
be approximately 1.0 acres.
e) Remove all construction debris associated with installation of these structures to an approved
location.
f) Provide all necessary safety equipment.
USDA-NRCS page 5 Root Wad -Log Vane - J-Hook
North Carolina December 2002

Slope existing bank
J-Hook Rock ~
Cable onnec ,
I
14' - 20'
_~~ - -'i
Stream bed
Figure 1
Root Wad
Cross Section
(after Rosgen)
USDA-NRCS page 6 Root Wad -Log Vane - J-Hook
North Carolina December 2002

\\
\ Cable Connect
l
~\`
Scour Hole a
Figure 2
Root Wad
Plan View
(after Rosgen)
USDA-MRCS page 7 Root Wad -Log Vane - J-Hook
North Carolina
December 2002

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
INSTREAM STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED OF ROCK
1) SCOPE
This specification covers the installation of Rock Vanes, J-Hooks, and Cross Vanes at locations
as shown on the construction plans and as directed by the engineer.
2) PURPOSE
Redirect erosive velocities away from streambanks
Provide aquatic habitat
Cross Vanes may be used for grade control
3) DEFINITIONS
ROCK VANE - A deflective structure installed pointing upstream, beginning at bankfull sloping
down to the streambed. The angle at which the vane points upstream from the
bank shall be 20-30 degrees. The slope of the top surface of the vane will be 5-7
percent. The vane should extend from the bank to approximately 1/3 of channel
width. (See fig. 1)
J-HOOK - A rock vane with a hooked portion on the streambed. The hook'provides
additional habitat. (See fig. 2)
CROSS VANE - A rock vane from both sides of the stream with a connecting bar on the
streambed. If this structure is used for grade control, the existing streambed
elevation maybe increased by no more than 10 percent of bankfull, unless a
greater increase is provided for in the approved design. (See fig. 3)
ENGINEER - The USDA-NRCS and/or SWCD person(s) who have appropriate construction
approval authority for Practice Standard 580, Streambank and Shoreline
Protection for the specific size and type of structure.
STREAMBANK - portions of intermittent or perennial streambanks which are eroding at an
accelerated rate due to the effects of stream flow near banks without adequate
vegetative cover and supporting riparian area.
BANKFULL - The stream flow level at which the stream channel is formed and maintained.
The term "bankfull" should not be confused with "the top of the bank". Persons
who have received training in Natural Stream Channel evaluation shall identify
the bankfull elevation.
THALWEG - The deepest part of the channel where the highest channel velocities occur.
USDA-NRCS page 1 of 5 Rock Structures
North Carolina ~ August 1999

4) PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
This practice should be applied as a part of a total Natural Stream Channel Restoration design.
These structures are not intended to be a total solution to the streambank erosion problem in
themselves. They are to be used as a component of a total streambank management plan, which
may require a number of associated practices. In some cases modification of the stream
dimension, pattern and profile may be required before structures are installed. The use of rock
structures without considering the stable dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream will most
likely result in failure.
5) PERMITTING
No work, which is covered by this specif cation, shall be performed until the Army Corp of
Engineers has issued a Section 404 permit and the Division of Water Quality has issued a
Section 401 certification (if required). The final construction plans and specifications must be
prepared and approved prior to the beginning of construction.
6) EQUIPMENT
A hydraulic excavator (trackhoe) with a hydraulic "thumb" shall be used to handle and install
the rocks
• All required.safety equipment shall be available during construction. Safety equipment
includes but is not limited to hard hats, gloves, and eye and hearing protection.
7) SUPERVISION
The engineer must be on-site to supervise and inspect each operation as it is performed. No
work, which is covered by this specification, shall be performed in the absence of the engineer
except as approved by the engineer. The work shall be conducted as directed by the engineer.
The engineer shall be notified a minimum of 24 hours before installation is performed.
8) INSTALLATION
• The engineer shall place a marker at the point where the last rock of the structure will meet
the streambed. This marker shall be set at a point, which represents the planned angle from
bankfull and the planned slope of the structure. The engineer should check to see if this point
is approximately'/3 of the total channel width.
• Holes for footer rocks shall be excavated in the streambed at the location, elevation and
orientation as directed by the engineer.
• A footer rock of the size and shape as directed by the engineer shall be installed in the hole.
Multiple footer rocks maybe required, at the discretion of the engineer or as provided for in
the approved plan.
• A structure rock of the size and shape as directed by the engineer shall be installed on top of
the footer rock.
USDA-NRCS page 2 of 5 Rock Structures
North Carolina August 1999

• Streambed material will be removed as directed by the engineer if it is required to move the
thalweg of the stream to the point of the structure.
• Streambed material shall be placed on the upstream side of the structure near the bank.
• Equipment shall be operated from the streambank whenever possible.
• Equipment which appears to be leaking fluids shall be removed to a safe site away from the
stream corridor until it is repaired and confirmed that no leaks exist.
9) ASSOCIATED PRACTICES
• ROOT WADS and related instream structures planned as an integral component of the
natural stream channel restoration design.
• CRITICAL AREA SEEDING shall be applied on all disturbed areas.
• WOODY VEGETATION shall be established on the sloped bank above bankfull and on top
of the bank.
• RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFER should be considered.
• LIVESTOCK EXCLUSION shall be installed if livestock are pastured in the area.
10) FIGURES
Figures attached to this specification illustrate the placement and orientation of the various
instream rock structures which maybe included in the plan. Figures are as follows:
Figure 1 -Rock Vane
Figure 2 - J Hook
Figure 3 -Cross Vane
11) ITEMS OF WORK
Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and the construction
details therefore are:
a. Construct stream stabilization measures at the Brackett site on Bledsoe Creek at in
McDowell County at the locations as shown on the construction drawings and as directed by
the Engineer.
_.
b. Ingress and egress of equipment and materials shall be only at locations and through routes
as approved by the Engineer.
c. Provide all equipment, tools, materials and labor required to install
which will require approximately rocks.
d. Provide all equipment, tools, materials and labor required to install
will require approximately rocks.
Rock Vane(s)
J Hook(s) which
USDA-NRCS page 3 of 5 Rock Structures
North Carolina August 1999

e. Provide all equipment, tools, materials and labor required to install 8 Cross Vane(s) which
will require approximately 320 rocks.
f. Provide all equipment, tools, materials and labor required to seed all disturbed areas, which
will be approximately 1.0 acres.
g. Provide all equipment, tools, materials and labor required to establish permanent woody vegetation. The woody
vegetation shall consist of: See Attached
number species
num er species
number species
h. Remove all construction debris associated with installation of these structures to an approved
location.
Angle
(in degrees)
Slope
(in percent)
Rock Vane
Cross Section
k Vane
z View
Figure 1
(after Rosgen)
USDA-NRCS page 4 of 5 Rock Structures
North Carolina August 1999

USDA-MRCS page 5 of 5 Rock Structures
North Carolina ', August 1999

Streamside Herbaceous Vegetation Specifications
The work shall consist of preparing the area, famishing and placing seed, sprigs, sod mats, mulch,
fertilizer, inoculate, soil amendments and anchoring mulch in the designated areas as specified;
streambanks, access areas and other areas disturbed by construction activities.
Seedbed Preparation
On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed shall be adequately loosened and smoothed.
Disking or cultipacking or both maybe necessary, On sites where. equipment cannot operate safely, the
seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to provide a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place.
If seeding is done immediately following construction, seedbed preparation may not be required except on
compacted, polished or freshly cut areas.
Fertilizing
Evenly distribute lime and fertilizer over the area to be seeded. Uniformly mix lime and fertilizer into the
top 3 inches of the soil. Where surface materials are predominately gravel and/or cobble, no incorporation
is required. Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil test results or at the following rates. ',
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Lime 50-1001bs. 1-2 tons
10-10-10 Fertilizer 9-121bs. 4-500 lbs.
Sod Mats
Strip and stockpile mats of existing desirable herbaceous vegetation. Insure that several inches of sod
remains attached to the vegetation. The root systems must remain moist while the vegetation is stockpiled.
Place the mats on the lower bank slopes and anchor in place.
Seeding
Temporary Seeding_ -Use where needed for erosion and pollution control, when permanent
vegetation cannot be established due to planting season and where temporary ground cover is needed to
allow native or woody vegetation to become established.
Fall, Winter, Sarin Seeding Per 1000 sq, ft. Per Acre
Oats 21bs. 3 bu.
Wheat 21bs. 3 bu.
Summer Seedine
Sudangrass 1 lb. 35-45 lbs.
Browntop Millet 1 lb. 30-401bs.
Permanent Seedine -Use in combination with woody plantings on the upslope side of the riparian
planting. Spring planting time is ideal for native perennial warm season grasses. These grasses should be
used when enhancing wildlife habitat is a goal of the riparian planting. Spring planted seed should be
treated with a cold wet chill process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a
lightly sowed cool season annual to hold the soil and do not need the wet chill process. To improve wildlife
habitat existing stands of fescue can be killed using an appropriate herbicide and warm season grasses can
be no-till planted into the sod. Omit fertilizer when establishing native grasses, fertilizer can be applied the
second year to improve the stand.
Fall. Spring Seeding Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Tall Fescue 1 lb. SO lbs. ''
-Native warm season grasses-
Big, Little or Broomsedge Bluestem 0.21bs. PLS (pure live seed) S lbs. PLS
Eastern Gamma Grass or Switchgrass 0.5 lb. PLS 10 lbs. PLS
Mulching
Mulching should be performed within 48 hours of seeding. Grain straw mulch should be applied on seeded
areas at a rate of 3 bales per 1000 square feet or 1.5 tons per acre. Apply mulch uniformly. Anchor mulch
with a mulch crimper, asphalt tackifier or appropriate mulch netting.

Streamside Woody Vegetation Establishment
This work consist of securing and planting permanent woody vegetation using rooted stock, uprooted stock and
on site transplants.
Care and Handling
Planting stock should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot stock shall be kept
moist during planting operations. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all times.- The root balls of
transplanted stock must be kept moist. .
Site Preparation
Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug and stored. On recently graded sites use
temporary seedings, anchored mulch or erosion control fabrics to provide surface protection until woody
vegetation becomes established. Sod may be killed~by non-selective herbicides the year previous to planting
stock (follow all federal, state and local regulations in the use of herbicides). When hand planting; scalp an area
at least 3 feet in diameter and 2-4 inches deep. Place plant in the center of the scalped area. On sites where
equipment cannot be operated safely and there are concerns about potential erosion use anon-selective herbicide
to kill vegetation in a 36 inch wide circle or 36 inch wide strip and plant in the center of the killed vegetation. If
the site is a row crop site, reasonably free of weeds, plant stock in the stubble without prior preparation. Sites
with undesirable brush will need initial treatments to facilitate planting and follow-up treatments to prevent
reencroachment.
Planting
Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally growing. Plant rooted stock in a vertical
position with the root collar approximately '/z inch below the soil surface. The planting trench or hole must be
deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down without J-rooting. Insert dormant cuttings
to the depth required to reach adequate soil moisture, leaving 2 to 3 buds above ground. After planting pack soil
around each plant firmly to remove air pockets.
Plant List
Plant Types/ P_ lant to Plant Spacing Plant List
Mature Height # Per Acre
#Per 1000 Sa. Ft.
Shrubs, less than 10 3 to 6 feet *Buttonbush, *#`Bankers' Dwarf Willow
Feet in height 1210-4840 *Elderberry, Highbush Blueberry,
28-110 Hazelnut
Shrubs and trees from 6 to 8 feet Alder, Deciduous Holly, Crabapple,
10 to 25 feet in height 680-1742 Red Chokeberry, *Silky Dogwood,
15-28 *Silky Willow, Spicebush,
*#`Streamco' Willow, Serviceberry,
Washington Hawthorne, Witch Hazel
Trees greater than 25 8 to 12 feet Black Cherry, *Black Willow,
Feet in height 302-680 Green Ash, Red Maple, River Birch
7-15 Sycamore, Yellow Poplar, Black Walnut
Persimmon
NOTES: * =Plants suitable for u se as dormant cuttings, space cuttings 1.5-2.5 feet apart, 160-
445 cuttings per 1000 sq. ft. or 6970-19360 cuttings per acre;
# = Non-native plants; Plants listed in bold have wildlife value

Seeding and Planting Guidelines
Riparian Seeding and Planting Guidelines
i
07/13/06
These guidelines will provide the methods to be used for reestablishing riparian vegetation.
They will include seedbed preparation, nutrient enhancement, temporary seeding, permanent
seeding, and erosion control. Methodology for planting sod mats, live stakes, and trees will also
be presented.
Herbaceous Vegetation
Sod mats
Prior to sloping stream banks within easement areas the sod on these banks will be removed.
Mats should be deep enough to contain a majority of the roots. These mats should be stockpiled
for later use. After banks are sloped the mats should be placed from the bankfull ele;`vation down
to the normal water line ar onto the interberm feature. Mats should be laid as close to one
another as possible and pushed into the under laying soil. Openings between mats should be
filled with soil and seeded with temporary seed mix. Mats should be fertilized at a rate of 25 lbs.
per 1000 sq. ft. and watered using a pump or by dipping water out of the creek with a clean
track-hoe bucket
Seed
Seedbed Preparation: On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed (shall be
adequately loosened and smoothed. This may require disking and dragging. On sites where
equipment cannot operated safely, the seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to provide
a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place. If seeding is done immediately following
construction, seedbed preparation may be required only on areas where heavy equipment has
caused compaction of the ground.
Fertilizing: Evenly distribute lime and fertilizer over the area to be seeded using a tractor
mounted fertilizer spreader or with a hand held fertilizer spreader. Uniformly mix dime and
fertilizer into the top 3 inches of the soil using a drag or hand rake. Where surface materials
are predominately gravel and/or cobble, no incorporation is required. Apply lime and fertilizer
according to soil test or at the following rates. ',
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Lime 1001bs. 2 ton
18-46-00 Fertilizer* 121bs. SOO lbs. '~
*(half of fertilizer will be applied in fall at planting and other half in spring) I,
Seeding:
Temporary seeding -Use where needed for erosion control, when permanent'wegetation
cannot be established due to planting season and where temporary ground cover is needed to
allow native or woody vegetation to become established. Apply the following vegetaltion at the
listed rates.

Seeding and Planting Guidelines
Fall, Winter, and Spring Seeding
Per 1000 sq ft Per Acre
Japanese Millet % lb. 201bs.
Winter Wheat 1 lbs. 401bs.
Summer Seeding
07/13/06
_ Per 1000 sq ft Per Acre
Sudangrass llb. 401bs. ''
Browntop Millet 1 lb 40 lbs
Permanent Seeding -Use in combination with woody plantings on the up-slope side of
th,e riparian area and down to the bankfull elevation. This mixture can be planted at any time but
will do best in spring or late fall. Spring planted seed should be treated with a cold wet chill
process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a lightly sown cool
season annual to hold soil and does not need to be chilled. Seeding should be done trvenly over
the area using a mechanical or hand seeder. A drag should be used to cover the seed', with no
more than % inch of soil. Where a drag can not safely be utilized the seed should bed, covered by
hand raking.
All seasons: WNC Riparian Diversity Mix (as described on the attached sheet)
1/41b. per 1000 sq. ft. and 10 lbs. per Acre
Erosion Control: All seeded areas, areas disturbed by heavy equipment, or other areas disturbed
by mitigation activities should be protected from erosion by installation of erosion control
blankets or matting. ',
Woody Vegetation '
Live stakes (uprooted material) ~!~
Live stake material should be dormant and gathered locally or purchased from a reputable
commercial supplier. Stakes should be %2 to 3 inches in diameter and living based on the
presence of young buds and green bark. Stakes should be kept cool and moist to improve
survival and to maintain dormancy. Stakes should be driven into the ground using a~rubber
hammer or by creating a hole and slipping the stake into it. The ground around the,stake should
g P g
below the a ound and 2 or 3 buds aretabove gronnd.oStakesshould betplanted on a 2 stake is
~ - 3 foot
spacing and at a density of 160 - 360 stakes per 1000 sq. ft. ',
Bare rooted or potted stock
Care and handling: Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug~i and stored.
These plants should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot
stock should be kept moist during planting operations. Bareroot material should oily be
planted during Winter and early Spring. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all
times. Do not let roots freeze or dry out prior to planting.
2

Seeding and Planting Guidelines 07/13/06
Site Preparation: The soil in the area of tree planting should be loosened to a depth'of at least 1
foot. This is only necessary on hard compacted soil.
Planting: ',,
On site material -Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally
growing.
Potted stock -Planting should be done mechanically or by hand using a shovel. Tie planting
trench or hole must be deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out' and down
without J-rooting. Potted stock should be planted in a hole 2-3 times the diameter bf the root
ball and at the same depth as the root ball. When setting plants, be certain to plant them high.
Locate the root ball on solid soil and not loose backfill. Wire baskets do not need ~o be
completely removed from large field grown trees. Be sure to remove plastic liners or synthetic
burlap materials. Construct an earthen dam 4-6 inches high around the drip zone area of the
plant after planting. This will allow for self watering and runoff will be minimized.
Bare rooted stock -Bare rooted material can be planted using a hoedad or a dibble bar (see
diagram below). Planting slits for bare rooted material should be 6-8 inches in diameter and
should be at least 8-12 inches deep. Damaged roots should be trimmed. Plants should be
placed with the root collar slightly below the soil surface. Holes and slits should l~je closed
completely, including and especially at the bottom of the hole.
Spacing of
rooted Woody Vegetation -the following guidelines should be used for'spacing
Guidelines for Planting Bare-Root Plant$ ~I
Wt ills ttarisC~OrtincJ 'MKS. I~ep ttte tC~ot5 Clamp ~ r~ ~ ~~
the sun.. Careiw7Y separate the. plarns and, if eery,
tM.+n° ~ to ore-thdrd Cf the rogt sy5t~n: Ta make an ads- ~ ~ ~
goats hole fa' planting. use a planting dit~ bar cx shovel.
~+ i
~~ '' -
1 ~J a ~ ~ so fhe roots rerrSasn shaighi ~ ~1 ~~~
and spreLad out. tt ava~ab{e, place ferti5zer in the hole. ' ~~ I
-2 Set ills SBedCrg at the hC;de.
3 Gose hcie at bottom and tcp .,,,~
dale t;ar cf shcrmJ in dirt above .
`, II•'
root .
4 ylake sure the trt~Nc iS straight ~
and tr'lt17f) the soil to
air uockets. V~~ter L'icro~x~hty.
rooted woody vegetation. '',
Shrubs, less than 10 ft. in height 3 - 6 ft. 27 - 111
Shrubs and Trees, 10 -25 ft. in height 6 - 8 ft. 15 - 27
Trees erecter than 25 ft. in height 8 -15 ft 4 15 ~'
Plant List
Herbaceous, permanent seed mixture labeled "WNC Riparian Diversity Mix" I'
3

•
Seeding and Planting Guidelines 07/13/06
Botanical Name Common Name % of Mix Lbs.
Acer rubrum Red Maple 2.5 0.25
Acer saccharium Silver Maple 2.5 0.25
Alisma subcordatum Water Plantain 2.5 0.25
Aroma arbutifolia Red Chokeberry 2.5 0.25
Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed 2.5 0.25
Carex lupilina Hop Sedge 5 0.5
Cephalanthus occidentalis , Button Bush 7.5 0.75
Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood 5 0.5
Elymus virginicus Va. Wild Rye 10 1
Eupatorium fistulosa Joe Pye Weed 2.5 0.25
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash 2.5 0.25
Ilex verticillata Winterberry 2.5 0.25
Juncus effusus Soft Rush 2.5 0.25
Leersia oryzoides Rice Cut Grass 10 1
Lindera benzoin Spicebush 2.5 0.25
Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum 2.5 0.25
Onoclea sensibillis Sensitive Fern 5 0.5
Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed 2.5 0.25
Sagittaria latifolia Arrowhead 2.5 0.25
Sambucus canadensis Elderberry 5 0.5
Scirpus americanus 3 Square Bulrush 2.5 0.25
Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush 5 0.5
Scirpus cypemus Woolgrass 10 1
Scirpus validus Softstem Bulrush 2.5 0.25
Mix Seeding Rate (lbs./ac.) 10
This mixture was taken from the list of plants that begins on the following page. It was created
from a database compiled by TVA and distributed on CD format as a product called "Banks &
Buffers" (Tennessee Valley Authority. 1996. Banks & Buffers, A guide to selecting~,native
plants for streambanks and shorelines; Riparian Plant Selector, Version 1.0; Environmental
Research Center and Clean Water Initiative, Muscle Shoals, AL.). As more information
becomes available we will add to this list in an effort to encompass as many riparian', species
native to Western North Carolina as possible. i
Shrub and tree species listed on the following pages will be planted at mitigation sites as either
live stakes, potted stock, balled stock or bare root stock. These plantings will take place in the
winter or early spring. Spacing suggestions should be used as guidelines, but can be'', varied
depending on species requirements and landscape objectives. For example species that are
commonly found growing in clumped distributions should be planted that way. It is',desirable for
the final distribution of trees and shrubs to have a more natural, random appearance.';I In order to
accomplish this exact spacing should be avoided and mixing of various species should be done.
4

Seeding and Planting Guidelines
Plants native to the riparian and wetland areas of Western North Carolina
07/ 13/06
Type Common Name Scientific Name Flooding Light Wetland pH wildlife region
val.
i American rillwort Pilularia americans Reg sun obli
1 Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea Irreg to reg Part to shade Fac.wet
1 Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia areolata seas to reg all obli
1 Royal Fern Osmunda regalis seas to reg Part to shade obli
1 Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis Ineg to reg all facu
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0-7
0-7
less
0-7
0-7
0-7
7.
all
all
0-7
0-7
all
0-7
0-7
0~7
0;7
0-7
0-7
0~7
0-7
0-7
0,'7
0-7
0-7
0-7
0-7
0-7
0-7
07
0-7
0~7
0=7
0=7
0~7
birds
birds
birds
birds, sm
birds
birds,SM
birds,SM
B, Sm
B, Sm
B, Sm
birds
B, Sm
B, Sm
B, Sm
B, Sm
B, Sm
birds
B, Sm
B, Sm
B, Sm
B, Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm
B,Sm,Lm
B,Sm
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all .,
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
4 Bushy St. Johnswort Hypericum densiflorum irreg-seas sun-part fac.wet 0-7 birds all - --
4 Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis seas-perm sun-part oblig all B,Sm,Lm all
4 Wild Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens irreg part.-shade fac.upl 0=7 B,Sm all
4 Yellowroot Xanthorhiza simplicissima irreg-seas part.-shade fac.wet 07 birds all
5 American Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana irreg part fac upl 0=7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Brookside Alder Alnus serrulata irreg-reg sun fac wet 0=7 birds all
5 Carolina Buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana irreg part fac upl all B,Sm all
5 Carolina Willow Salix caroliniana seas-reg sun-part. oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Common Pawpaw Asiminia triloba irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 Sm all
5 Elderberry Sambucus canadensis irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0=7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Silky Dogwood Cornus amomuin irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet all B,Sm all
5 Silky Willow Salix sericea irreg-reg sun-part. oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5
American Lotus
American Pondweed
Arrowhead
Broad-leaf Cattail
Cardinal Flower
Hollow Joe-pye-weed
Narrow-leaf Cattail
Pickerelweed.
Spotted Touch-me-not
Swamp Milkweed
Swamp Rose Mallow
Virginia Blueflag
Water Plantain
W aterwillow
White Waterlily
Yellow Cowlily
Creeping Spikerush
Green Bulrush
Hop Sedge
Rice Cutgrass
River Cane
River Oats
Slender Spikerush
Soft Rush
Softstem Bulrush
Square-stem Spikerush
Three-square Bulrush
Virginia Wildrye
Woolgrass
Bluet
Nelumbo lutes
Potamogeton nodosus
Sagittaria latifolia
Typha latifolia
Lobelia cardinalis
Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus
Typha angustifolia
Pontederia cordata
Impatiens capensis
Asclepias incarnata
Hibiscus moscheutos
Iris virginica
Alisma subcordatum
Justicia americans
Nymphaea odorata
Nuphar luteum
Eleocharis palustris
Scirpus atrovi
Carex lupulina
Leersia oryzoides
Arundinaria gigantea
Chasmanthium latifolium
Eleocharis acicularis
Juncus effusus
Scirpus validus
Eleocharis quadrangulata
Scirpus americanus
Elymus virginicus
Scirpus cyperinus
Houstonia serpyllifolia
reg to perm sun
perm sun
seas-perm sun to shade
seas-perm sun
irreg-seas sun
ineg-seas sun
seas-perm sun
seas-perm sun-part.sh
irreg-seas part.sh
irreg-reg sun-part.sh
seas-reg sun-part.sh
seas-perm sun
seas-perm sun
reg-perm sun-part.sh
reg-perm sun-part.sh
reg-perm sun-part.sh
seas-perm sun-part.
seas-reg sun
seas-reg sun-part.
reg-perm sun
irreg-seas sun-part.
irreg-seas part.-shade
seas-perm sun
seas-perm sun-part.
seas-perm sun
seas-perm sun
seas-perm sun
irreg-seas part.-shade
seas-reg sun
oblig
oblig
oblig
oblig
fac.wet
facu
oblig
oblig
fac.wet
oblig
oblig
oblig
oblig
oblig
oblig
oblig
oblig.
oblig.
oblig.
oblig.
fac.wet
facu
oblig.
fac.wet
oblig.
oblig.
oblig.
facu
oblig.

•
Seeding and Planting Guidelines 07/13/06
5 Spicebush Lindera benzoin irreg-seas part.-shade fac wet 0-7 birds all
5 Winterberry Ilex verticillata irreg-reg part.-shade fac wet 0-7 B
Sm all
5 Sweet Azalea Rhododendron arborescens ,
irreg part fac wet acid B,Lm F
H
Lt
5 Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbiense ,
,
6 American Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana irreg-seas all facu acid B
Sm all
6 Eastern Hornbeam Ostrya virginiana irreg part.-shade fac. Upl 0-7 ,
B,Sm all
7 Baldcypress Taxodium distichum all sun -part oblig 0-'7 birds all
7 Black Walnut Juglans nigra irreg sun -part fac upl 0-7 Sm all
7 Black Willow Salix nigra seas perm sun oblig 0-7 B,Sm
Lm all
7 Blackgurn Nyssa sylvatica irreg-reg all oblig-fac 0-~ ,
B
Sm
Lm all
7 Boxelder Acer negundo irreg all fac wet 0-7 ,
,
birds all
7 Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides irreg-seas sun facu 0-'1 birds all
7 Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica irreg-reg all fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
7 Honeylocust GTeditsia triacanthos irreg-seas sun - facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
7 Persimmon Diospyros virginiana irreg-seas sun -part facu 0-'1 B,Sm
Lm all
7 Red Maple Acer rubrum irreg-reg all obli-fac 0-7 ,
B,Sm,Lm all
7 Red Mulberry Morus rubra irreg-seas part -shade facu 0-'7 B,Sm all
7 River Birch Betula nigra irreg -seas sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
7 Silver Maple Acer saccharinum irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
7 Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua irreg -reg sun facu 0-'7 B,Sm all
7 Sycamore Platanus occidentalis irreg -seas sun -part fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
7 American Basswood Tilia americana irreg all fac upl 0-'7 B,Sm Ho,F,Lt
7 Eastern Hemlock Tsuga canadensis
Plant Typ e ',
Fern or fern allies 1
Em, float, or wetl herb 2
Grass, sedge, or rush 3
Small Shrub 4
Large Shrub 5
Small Tree 6
Large Tree 7
ITEMS OF WORK:
The area 6.5 feet above the. bankfull elevation should be stabilized using either a coir fiber mat or
coir/straw blanket. A 4 ft. wide jute blanket should be installed up-slope of the 6.5 ft. strip. All of these
materials should be installed and stapled according to the attached diagram and instruction. Staples should
be installed on a 2 ft. spacing.
6

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