20070768 Ver 1_Application_20070504

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA ~'~'ti
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION `'~
MICHAEL F. EASLEY LYNDO TIPPETT
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
May 1, 2007
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Post Office Box 1000
Washington, NC 27889-1000 h
,07a~~
ATTENTION: Mr. William Wescott ~.
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
Subject: Nationwide 3 Permit Application and Neuse Riparian Buffer Authorization Request for
the Widening of SR 1178 (Keen Rd.) from US 301 to Allendale Road in Four Oaks and
Improvement of Existing Transportation Facility Drainage; Johnston County; TIP Project R-
4071; Federal Aid Project No. STP-1178(2); State Project No.8.2313201; Debit $200 from
WBS 34612.1.1.
Please find enclosed the Preconstruction Notification (PCN), permit drawings, half-size plans, and the
Categorical Exclusion (CE) for the above-mentioned project. The North Carolina Department of Transportation
proposes to widen SR 1178 (Keen Rd.) to a multi-lane facility from US 301 (Wellons St.) to Allendale Road in
Four Oaks. The project involves adding a third lane to allow left turns and constructing a curb and gutter
system along Keen Rd. The new road will feature two 12-foot travel lanes in each direction, a 12-foot center
turn lane, and 4 foot paved shoulders. This project will also involve improving an existing drainage system that
carries water from both on- and off-site. Temporary surface water and permanent buffer impacts arise from the
replacement of existing pipes and placement of rip-rap for bank stabilization. Proposed impacts include 0.01
acre of temporary surface water impacts and 1,936 square feet of Neuse riparian buffer impacts.
Impacts to Water of the United States
General Description: The surface water receiving impacts on this project is an unnamed tributary (UT) to
Juniper Swamp, which is located in the 03020201 CU of the Neuse River Basin. The NC Division of Water
Quality (NCDWQ) has assigned Juniper Swamp a Stream Index Number of 27-52-6-6 and a best usage
classification of C NSW.
Juniper Swamp is not designated as a North Carolina Natural or Scenic River, or as a National Wild and Scenic
River, nor is it listed as a 303(d) stream. No designated Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW), High Quality
Waters (HQW), Water Supply I (WS-I), or Water Supply II (WS-II) waters occur within 1.0 mile of the project
study area.
Permanent Impacts: There are no proposed permanent impacts resulting from the proposed pipe placement.
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE: WWW.NCDOT.ORG RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548

Temporary Impacts: As stated above, there.is a total of 0.01 acre of temporary surface water impacts for this
project. The first pipe, which occurs at the junction of the UT and road drainage being carried down Keen St., is
now 24"and will be replaced with a 54" reinforced concrete pipe. The second pipe, which carries the Juniper
Swamp UT under Main St., is now 36" and will be replaced with a 95x67" corrugated metal pipe. Headwalls
will be constructed to prevent having to lengthen the replacement pipes.
In order to replace the pipe that carries the jurisdictional UT under Main St., the site will have to be de-watered
temporarily. De-watering will occur using the pump around method, using sheet piles to isolate the work area.
This method involves pumping the work area dry and discharging the downstream flow either in a silt bag or in
a vegetated area outside the buffer.
Utility Impacts: There are no proposed impacts to jurisdictional resources due to utilities.
Neuse Riparian Buffer Rules
This project lies within the Neuse River Basin; therefore, the regulations pertaining to the Neuse River Buffer
Rules will apply. There are 1,401 square feet of impacts to Zone 1 and 535 square feet of impacts to Zone 2.
Impacts at sites 1 and 2 are considered exempt because they are less than 40 linear feet and associated with a
road crossing. Impacts at site 3, which result from bank stabilization, are considered allowable.
Avoidance and Minimization
Avoidance examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting impacts to "Waters of the United
States". Due to the presence of surface waters within the project study area, avoidance of all impacts is not
possible. The NCDOT is committed to incorporating all reasonable and practicable design features to avoid and
minimize jurisdictional impacts. Minimization measures were incorporated as part of the project design,
including:
• The implementation of Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters;
• The use of headwalls to minimize replacement pipe length, thereby avoiding permanent stream impacts;
• The use of rip-rap to tie the stream banks into the headwall, reducing bank scour and sedimentation
effects; and
• The construction of a storm-water retention basin (in addition to grass swales) at the northern corner of
Boyette Rd. and Keen St. to treat runoff from both on- and off-site that will eventually enter the Juniper
Swamp UT.
Mitigation
Impacts to surface waters will be temporary, therefore compensatory mitigation is not proposed for this project.
Additionally, all riparian buffer impacts are considered exempt or allowable and do not require mitigation.
Federally Protected Species
As of January 29, 2007 the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists five federally protected species for
Johnston County. The following table lists these species.
Common Name Scientific Name Status Habitat Biological
Conclusion
Red-cockaded wood ecker Picoides borealis E No No Effect
Bald Ea le Haliaeetus leucoce halus T* No No Effect
Dwarf wed a mussel Alasmidonta heterodon E No No Effect
Tars inymussel Elli do steinstansana E No No Effect
Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxii E No No Effect
R-4071 Permit Application
Page 2

On-site habitat descriptions and corresponding biological conclusions for these species were given in the
October, 2001 Natural Resources Technical Report for this project. Site conditions stated in the NRTR have
not changed; therefore, the biological conclusions are still valid.
Project Schedule
The project has a scheduled let of August 21, 2007 with a review date of July 3, 2007.
Regulatory Approvals
Section 404 Permit: This project is being processed by the Federal Highway Administration as a "Categorical
Exclusion" in accordance with 23 CFR 771.115(b). Therefore, we do not anticipate requesting an individual
pernut but propose to proceed under a Nationwide Permit 3 (67 FR 2020; January 15, 2002).
Section 401 Permit: We anticipate 401 General Certification number 3624 will apply to this project. In
accordance with 15A NCAC 2H, Section .0500(a) we are providing five copies of this application to the
NCDWQ for their review. In accordance with North Carolina General Statute Section 143-215.3D(e), we are
providing a payment of $200 for the processing of the 401 Water Quality Certification.
Neuse River Basin Buffer Authorization: NCDOT requests that the NC Division of Water Quality review this
application and issue a written approval for a Neuse River Riparian Buffer Authorization.
A ~ copy of this permit application will be .posted on the NCDOT web-site at:
httn:~'~ww~+r.ncdot.oreldoh/preconstruct/pe/neu/nerrnit.html.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Amy James at [phone].
Sincerely,
~ Grego J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
W/attachment:
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ (5 copies)
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Ron Sechler, NMFS
Mr. Michael Street, NCDMF
Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Victor Barbour, P.E., Project Services Unit
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. Richard E. Green, Jr., P.E., Division 4 Engineer
Mr. Jamie Guerrero, Division 4 Environmental Officer
W/o attachment
Mr. Scott McLendon, USAGE, Wilmington
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Majed Alghandour, P. E., Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Ms. Stephanie Caudill, Planning Engineer
R-4071 Permit Application
Page 3

Office Use Only: Form Version March OS
20007®8
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
fir any pamcuiar item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ® Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
^ Section 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification ^ Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: NWP 3
If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ^
4. If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here: ^
If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: Gregory J Thorpe PhD Environmental Management Director
Mailing Address: 1598 Mail Service Center
Raleigh NC 27699-154
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number:~919) 733-9794
E-mail Address:
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: N/A
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number: Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
Updated 1 U1/2005
1 of 8

III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Widening of SR 1178 (Keen Rd.) from US 301 to Allendale Road and
improvement of existin dg raina~e associated with the transportation facility and surrounding
land uses
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): R-4071
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): N/
4. Location
County: Johnston Nearest Town: Four Oaks
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc.):
5. Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum): -78.423774 °N 35.443449 °W
6. Property size (acres): N/A
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: Juniper Swamp
8. River Basin: Neuse
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: This project is located within the town of Four Oaks, in
close proximity to I-95. Surrounding land use is mostly light commercial and medium to
high density residential.
Updated I I / I /2005
2 of 8

10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: SR 1178
(Keen Rd.) will be widened from two to three lanes and given a curb and tug ter svstem. The
existin dg rainage svstem that ori~;inates in the project area will also be improved Heavy duty
excavation equipment, such as trucks and bulldozers will be used as well as various other
equipment necessary for roadway construction.
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: To allow left-turning movements into the
residential areas along Keen Rd. as well as into the Four Oaks town center along US 301 and
to improve along-standin dg rainage issue.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules. N/A
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
listed separately in the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: Temporary surface water impacts are
anticipated to an unnamed tributary of Juniper Swamp where two existing_pipes are replaced
The replacement pipes are larger but of similar length Impacts will be for construction access
only.
Updated 11/1/2005
3 of 8

1. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
cer-aratPly lict imnactc rlne to tenth ctntctnre and fln~ding_
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact Type of Wetland
(e.g., forested, marsh,
herbaceous, bog, etc.) Located within
100-year
Floodplain
( es/no) Distance to
Nearest
Stream
(linear feet) Area of
Impact
(acres)
N/A

Total Wetland Impact (acres)
2. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property:
3. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
mi~ct he included- Tc- calculate acreage- multiply length X width, then divide by 43,560.
Stream Impact
Number
(indicate on ma)
Stream Name
Type of Impact Perennial or
Intermittent'? Average
Stream Width
Before Im act Impact
Length
(linear feet) Area of
Impact
(acres)
1 UT to Juniper Swamp Temporary Perennial 6' 33 .012

Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 33 .012
4. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but are not limited to
fill- excavatinn_ dredging- fl~~ding_ drainage- hulkheads_ etc.
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma) Name of Waterbody
(if applicable)
Type of Impact Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay,
ocean, etc.) Area of
Impact
(acres)
N/A

Total Open Water Impact (acres)
Updated 11/1/2005
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5. List the cumulative impact to all Waters of the U.S. resulting from the project:
Stream Impact (acres): .012
Wetland Impact (acres): N/A
O en Water Impact (acres): ~ N/A
Total Impact to Waters of the U.S. (acres) .012
Total Stream Impact (linear feet): 33
6. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? ^ Yes ®No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USAGE.
7. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond:
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It maybe useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts. Please refer to the attached
cover letter
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USAGE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
Updated I I/1/2005
5 of 8

aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USAGE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina (see DWQ website for most current
version.).
Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
2. Mitigation may also be made by.payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at httn://www.nceep.net/pages/inlieureplace htm. If use of the NCEEP is proposed,
please check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land? Yes ® No ^
2. If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether aNEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ® No ^
Updated 11 / 1 /2005
6of8

3. If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter. Yes ® No ^
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
1. Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B .0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )? Yes ® No ^
2. If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(s uare feet) Multiplier Required
Mitigation
1 1401 3 (2 for Catawba) none
2 535 1.5 none
Total 1936 none
T cone i extends out 3U teet perpendicular from the top of the near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
3. If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e.,
Donation of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, or Payment into the
Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as identified
within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0244, or .0260. N/A
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site. Discuss
Stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property. If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level. In addition to grass swales, a Stormwater
retention basin is to be built upstream of impacted surface waters
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
Updated I l/1/2005
7 of 8

XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application? Yes ^ No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ^ No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
http:iih2o.ellr.state.nc.us/nc~i~etlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description:
N/A _.
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits .on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).

s
~~
Applicant/Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Updated I 1 / 1 /2005
8 of 8

WETLAND DRAWINGS
NORTH CAROLINA
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N. C. DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
JOHNSTON COUNTY
R-4071
S R 1178 (KEEN ROAD) FROM
v~C'N'~ US-301 TO 164' NORTH WEST
` A
P OF SR 1164 (ALLENDALE ROAD).
DATE: APRIL 2007
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PARCEL NO.
23
24
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PROPERTY OWNERS
NAMES AND ADDRESSES
NAMES
JAMES E. BAREFOOT
HICO PROPERTIES, LLC
GENIA LYNN STANLEY, ET AL
RAMON MONTOYO
TERRY BROWN
ADDRESSES
PO BOX 253
FOUR OAKS, NC 27524
213SMAINST
FOUR OAKS, NC 27524
PO BOX 1010
FOUR OAKS, NC 27524
6436 CARDINAL WAY
MECHANICSVILLE, VA 23111-4419
N.C. DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
JOHNSTON COUNTY
R-4071
SR 1178 (KEEN ROAD) FROM
US-301 TO 164' NORTH WEST
OF SR 1164 (ALLENDALE ROAD).
DATE:APRIL 2007
SHEET 5 OF 5

.BUFFER DRAWINGS
NORTH CAROLINA

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0

Johnston County
Widening of SR 1178 (Keen Road)
From US 301 to Allendale Road in Four Oaks
Federal Aid Project STP-1178(2)
State Project No. 8.2313201
TIP No. R-4071
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
February 2003
2 ~ZO~~~
Date
Documentation Prepared in
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch By:

~ 0 03
Date
Stephanie Ledl~tter Caudill, Project Development E~~n~ineer
Project Development and Environmental Ana~siH'~~CR"ph~''%,
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~ynthi .Sharer, P. E., Project Developri~en~Uni1;4-lead
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Project Development and En~~ronmental ra. ~,~
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
SUMMARY OF PROJECT COMMITMENTS ................................................................ iii
I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................1
II. NEED FOR THE PROPOSED ACTION
A. General ........................................................................................................ .1
B. Transportation Plan ..................................................................................... .2
C. Traffic Volumes and Capacity .................................................................... .2
D Safety
.
III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS ............................................................................ .3
A. Length of Project ......................................................................................... .3
B. Project Termini ...................................................... 3
..................................... .
C. Typical Section ............................................................................................4
D. Right of Way ................................................................................................4
E: Design Speed ...............................................................................................4
F. Access Control .................................................. 4
...........................................
G. Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities ................................................................. 4
H. Structures ..................................................... 4
................................................
I. Anticipated Design Exceptions .....................................................
...............
4 .
J. Intersecting Roads and Type of Control ...................................................... 4
K. Utility Conflicts .......................................................... 5
.................................
L. Traffic Control ............................................................................................... 5
IV. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ......................................................... S
A. Design Alternatives ......................................................................................5
1. Alignment ........................................................................................5
2. Typical Section ................................................................................5
B. Public Transportation Alternative ..:.............................................................5
C. "No-Build" Alternative ................................................................................~
VI. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ...........................6
A. Land Use Planning .......................................................................................6
B Community and Relocation Impacts .................................................:..........8
C. Cultural Resources
.......................................................................................8
D. Natural Resources ........................................................................................8

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 -Project Location Map
Figure 2 - USGS Quad Map
Figure 3 -Aerial Photograph of Project
Figure 4 -Preliminary Designs
Figure Sa- 2001 Traffic Projections
Figure Sb- 2025 Traffic Projections
Figure 6 -Four Oaks Thoroughfare Plan

Johnston County
Widening of SR 1178 (Keen Road)
From US 301 to Allendale Road in Four Oaks
Federal Aid Project STP-1178(2)
State Project No. 8.2313201
TIP No. R-4071
Prepared by the Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department of Transportation
SUMMARY
1. Description of Action -The North Carolina Department of Transportation,
Division of Highways, proposes to widen SR 1175 (Keen Road) to a multi-lane facility
from I-95 to US 301 in Four Oaks (please see figure l ). The proposed project length is
approximately .4 miles. This project has an estimated cost of $317,000 for right of way
acquisition and $1,100,000 for construction.
2. Project Benefits -The proposed project will have a positive impact by improving
the level of service and safety along Keen Road. Keen road is a two-lane section from I-
95 to US 301. The addition of a third lane will promote efficiency by removing left turns
from through traffic along Keen Road. This project will also improve traffic flow to the
North of the project limits at the intersection of Keen Road with US 301, and to the south
of the project limits at the intersection of Keen Road with I-95.
3. Environmental Effects- There are no substantial natural environmental effects
caused by the project. No residences will be relocated as a result of this project. There
will be no effect to architectural and historical resources listed in or eligible for the
National Register of Historic Places. There will be no significant impact to air quality
and traffic noise increases are expected to be minimal.
4. Environmental Commitments Project Commitments are listed on the preceeding
page. All standard guidelines and recommendations apply. No wetlands or surface waters
are present within the project area (please see figure 2). Consequently, a section 404 .
permit and corresponding Section 401 water quality certification are not required for the
proposed project.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation will implement all practical
measures to minimize and avoid impacts to the natural and human .environment. NCDOT
best management practices for protection of surface waters will be followed during the
construction of this project.
iii

Johnston County
Widening of SR 1178 (Keen Road)
From US 301 to Allendale Road in Four Oaks
Federal Aid Project STP-1178(2)
State Project No. 8.2313201
TIP No. R-4071
I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of Highways,
proposes to construct athree-lane roadway on existing location from SR 1164 (Allendale
Road) to US 301 (Wellons Street) in Johnston County for a length of 0.4 miles (0.6
kilometers). Please refer to figure 3 for an aerial view of the project. Anew interchange
project is proposed to begin approximately 150 feet(45.7 meters) south of SR 1164
(Allendale Road) at I-95. Keen Road will be widened to three lanes at the new
interchange with widening extending to the north of SR 1164 approximately 150
feet(4~.7 meters). This project has an estimated cost of $1,417,000 including $317,000
for right of way acquisition and $1,100,000 for construction.
The proposed project is included in the 2002-2008 Transportation Improvement
Program (TIP) with right of way acquisition scheduled to begin in federal fiscal year
2003 and construction in federal fiscal year 2005. The total estimated cost included in the
TIP is $1,410,000. This estimate includes $ 360,000 for right of way and $ 1,050,000 for
construction.
A three-lane shoulder section within a 60 foot (18 meter) wide right of way is
proposed for the new roadway (please see figure 4). This will consist of a 12 foot (3.6
meter) travel lane in each direction, a 12 foot (3.6 meter) center turn lane, and 4 foot (1.2
meter) paved shoulders. The proposed improvements are anticipated to occur
predominantly within existing right of way.
II. 'NEED FOR THE PROPOSED ACTION
A. General
The purpose of the project is to allow left turning movements into the residential
areas along Keen Road as well as into the Four Oaks town center along US-301. This
will be accomplished by adding a center turn lane, which will also serve as a left turn lane
for traffic turning east from Keen Road toward the town center. Upon completion of the
new interchange much of the traffic using the roadway is expected to come from I-95.
Johnston County's Comprehensive Plan that outlines a proposed land use strategy
establishes goals and objectives that focus on the provision of public utilities that
`'responds to and facilitates desired growth" and "allows growth while preserving the
rural character of the county". Any residential or non-residential growth that occurs as a

The intersection of US 301 and Keen Road (SR 1178) is currently signalized. Given the
length of the project (.4 miles),. the signalized intersection will dictate the level of service
at which SR 1178 (Keen Road) operates. The proposed third lane is expected to allow this
signalized intersection to operate more efficiently both in year 2001 and in the design
year 2025. Based upon a design speed of 35 miles per hour and the projected traffic
volumes, the mainline will operate at a LOS E throughout the project area both in 2001
and 2025 design year for both existing and proposed conditions. The reason that there is
no difference between the build and no build level of service is due to the fact that the
Highway Capacity Manual provides no quantitative method for determining the
operational difference between atwo-lane and three-lane section with a center left-turn
lane. However, the three- lane section is expected to operate more efficiently based upon
its capability to remove left turn lanes from through traffic.
D. Safety
The project will provide additional capacity for SR 1178 (Keen Road) with the
addition of a third lane for turning movements. The additional turn lane will reduce
traffic congestion all along Keen Road and improve traffic flow between the proposed I-
95 intersection and US 301 (Wellons Street). A third lane will improve the overall safety
of the facility by helping to eliminate the stop and go conditions caused by left turns.
III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS
A. Length of Project
The subject project is 0.4 miles (0.6 kilometers) in length.
B. Project Termini
The project's southern terminus is SR 1165 (Allendale Road). The project's
northern terminus is the intersection of the proposed road with US 301(Wellons Street).
Due to the new I-95interchange at the project's southern terminus, the addition of a third
lane will be necessary :gong SR 1178 (Keen Road) to remove left turns from through
traffic.
The project limits discussed in this document are considered logical termini. The
project completes a link between the new I-95 interchange, US 301, and the Town of
Four Oaks. This interchange project is currently under construction. The proposed project
is not included in the Four Oaks Thoroughfare plan, and the Johnston County
Thoroughfare Plan that was scheduled for update in 2001 was never completed.
However, providing a center turn lane along Keen Road between I-95 and US-301 should
not drastically impact the potential transportation plan within the study area.
3

K. Utility Conflicts
The overall degree of utility conflicts of this project is expected to be low. Water
lines, fiber optic cable, and sewer lines are located along the proposed project.
L. Traffic Control
' During construction, SR 1178 (Keen Road) will close one lane to through traffic
while maintaining traffic on the other lane.
IV. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED
A. Design Alternatives
Alignment
The alignment of the roadway was selected to minimize impacts to residences
located along SR 1 l 78 (Keen Road) and to tie into the intersection with US 301 and Four
Oaks Bank and Trust located at that intersection. Other alternatives would have impacted
these facilities.
2. Typical Section
One alternative section was considered during project. Athree-lane section,
consistent with the section at the I-95 interchange, will adequately handle the traffic
projected in the design year 2025 for the proposed facility by providing a left turn lane to
relieve congestion along the mainline and at the US-301 intersection.
B. Public Transportation Alternative
No public transportation is available in Johnston County. Furthermore, since
highway transportation is the dominant mode of transportation and residential densities
are low in this area, a public transportation alternative would not be a feasible alternative
to improving the subject roadway.
C. "No-Build" Alternative
The "no-build" alternative is the least expensive alternative from a construction
cost standpoint. This alternative also avoids the effects of the proposed project on homes,
utilities, and undeveloped lands in the project area. However, the "no-build" alternative
would provide no positive effect on safety and capacity of Keen Road. The improved

4. Future Land Use
The SR 1178 widening project is located within the Town of Four Oaks, which
does not have an adopted land use or development plan that would include
recommendations for future development patterns. Johnston County, however,
completed a "Proposed Strategical Plan" in March 1999 that evaluated the existing
conditions within the entire county, established goals and objectives, and identified
several building blocks for addressing the issues. Strategies that address land use,
transportation, economic development and public utilities/facilities are included.
In addition, the North Carolina Department of Transportation updated the
Johnston County Thoroughfare Plan in March 2001, detailing current and future
transportation issues and prioritizing improvement projects. Dwelling unit and
employment by category projections between 199 and 2020 were included by
transportation analysis zones (TAZs).
5. Farmland
The North Carolina Executive Order No. 96, Conservation of Agricultural and
Forest Lands, requires all state agencies to consider the impact of construction projects on
prime farmland. Prime and important farmland soils are defined by the US •Soil
Conservation Service. According to a soil survey completed in 1994 by the United States
Department of Agriculture, there are three main types of soil within the study area:
1) Ly, or Lynchburg sandy loam
2) NoA, or Norfolk loamy sand
3) WaB, or Wagram loamy sand
The Ly and WaB soils are located closer to Keen Road, while the NoA soil is located in
the more rural area to the east. The Ly soil type typically has slopes between 0 to 2
percent, and is mostly used as woodland. The soil is also well suited to corn, soybeans,
and small grain yields. It is poorly suited to most urban and recreational uses because of
the wetness. The WaB soil type is located in areas with 0 to 6 percent slopes, and is
mostly used as cropland. It is also well suited for woodlands and urban uses. Lastly, the
NoA soil is typically located in areas with 0 to 2 percent slopes, and is mostly used as
cropland. It is well suited for most any type of development including cropland,
woodland, and urban uses.
If additional right-of--way is acquired as a result of the widening project, there would be
some minimal impact on farmland since all three types of soil are conducive to crop
yields. However, most potential impact upon the farmland within the study area will
7

Noise levels could increase during construction but will be temporary. This
evaluation completes the assessment requirement for highway traffic noise (Title 23 CFR
Part 772). Please refer to the appendix of this document for a complete Noise Anla}psis
report.
F. Air Quality Analysis
The proposed project is located in Johnston County, which has been determined to
be in compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 40 CFR, Part S l is
not applicable, because this project is located in an attainment area. This project is not
anticipated to create any adverse effect on air quality in this attainment area. If any
vegetation is disposed of by burning during construction, the burning shall be done in
accordance with applicable local laws and regulations of the North Carolina SIP for air
quality in compliance with 15 NCAC 2D.0520.
G. Hazardous Materials Involvement
Representatives of the NCDOT Geotechnical Unit -Environmental Section
performed a field reconnaissance along the project corridor and found three UST
(Underground Storage Tank) sites within the project area. Two of the sites are active gas
stations that will be total takes under I-2704, which is currently under construction. Since
right-of--way for R-4071 is not scheduled to begin until April of 2003, these two sites will
have already been taken care of. The third UST site, Paul's Restaurant and former gas
station, is located approximately 200 feet east of SR 1178 (Keen Road) on the south side
of US 301 (Wellons Street). The UST registry shows that three tanks were removed from
the site in December of 1993. It does not appear that the former UST system area will be
impacted by this project. Please note that this evaluation mainly covers regulated
(commercial) UST~s and that there is still the possibility of unregulated UST's (farm
tanks or home heating oil tanks) being impacted by the project. These unregulated UST's
will be identified by Right-of Way during initial contacts and the NCDOT Geotechnical
Unit will be notified of their presence prior to acquisition so in order to determine if the
tanks have leaked.
H. Flood Hazard Evaluation and Hydraulic Concerns
Fbur Oaks is not located in a section of Johnston County in which flood hazards
have been identified. There are no major rivers or creeks within the study area.
According to the Division of Water Quality, the entire roadway project is not located
within either a critical or protected watershed area. Therefore, no impacts upon
watersheds or water supply are anticipated. Existing drainage patterns will be maintained
to the best extent practicable. Groundwater resources will be evaluated in the final design
to ensure that measures are taken, if necessary, to avoid groundwater contamination.
9

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FIGURE I - VICINITY MAP
I-95 INTERCHANGE TO US 301
AT FOUR OAKS.JOHNSTON COUNTY
STATE PROJECT N0. 8.2313201
TIP N0. R-4071
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North Carolina Department of Cultural Resou
- State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
Michael F. Easley, Governor
. Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
August 6, 2001
MEMORANDUM
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Divisioiti•
Jeffrey J.
To: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
NCDOT, Project Development & Environmental _~nalcsis Branch
From: David Brook
Deputy State Histo c Preservation Officer
Re: Review of Scoping Sheets for Four Oaks, Widening of SR 1178 (Iteen Road) from
I-95 to US 301, STP-1178(2), 8.2313201, R-4071, Johnston County, ER 02-7081
Thank you for your memorandum of July 9, 2001, concerning the above project.
We have conducted a review of the project and are aware of no properties of architectural, historic,
or archaeological significance, which would be affected by the project. "Ilzerefore, we have no
comment on the project as currently proposed.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section lOG of the National Historic Preservation Act
and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section l OG
codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, Environmental Revie~~• Coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
DB:kgc
cc: Mary Pope Furr, NCDOT
T. Padgett, NCDOT
Location Mailing Address 'telephone/Fax
Administration 507 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4617 [phone] •733-8653
Restoration 515 N. Blount St, Raleigh , NC 4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4613 [phone] .715-4801
Survey & Planning 515 N. Blount St. Raleigh. NC 4618 Mail Service Center. Raleigh 27699-4618 [phone] •715-4801

The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) map of the Four Oaks 7.5 Minute Quadrangle does not
show significant wetland resources in the specific work area. However, while the NWI maps
are useful for providing an overview of a given area, they should not be relied upon in lieu of a
detailed wetland delineation by trained personnel using an acceptable wetland classification
methodology.
We reserve the right to review any federal permits that may be required for this project, at the
public notice stage. Therefore, it is important that resource agency coordination occur early in
the planning process in order to resolve ~.ny conflicts that may arise and minimize delays in
project implementation.
In addition to the above guidance, we recommend that the environmental documentation for this
project include the following in sufficient detail to facilitate a thorough review of the action:
A clearly defined and detailed purpose and need for the proposed project,
supported by tabular data, if available, and including a discussion of the project's
independent utility;
2. A description of the proposed action with an analysis of all alternatives being
considered, including the upgrading of existing roads and a "no action"
alternative;
3. A description of the fish and wildlife resources, and their habitats, within the
project impact area that may be directly or indirectly affected;
4. The extent and acreage of waters of the U.S., including wetlands, that are to be
impacted by filling, dredging, clearing, ditching, or draining. Acres of wetland
impact should be differentiated by habitat type based on the wetland
classification scheme of the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). Wetland
boundaries should be determined by using the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands
Delineation Manual and verified by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps);
The anticipated environmental impacts, both temporary and permanent, that
would be likely to occur as a direct result of the proposed project. The
assessment should also include the extent to which the proposed project would
result in secondary impacts to natural resources, and how this and similar
projects contribute to cumulative adverse effects;
6. Design features and construction techniques which would be employed to avoid
or minimize the fragmentation or direct loss of wildlife habitat value;
7. Design features, construction techniques, or any other mitigation measures which
would be employed at wetland crossings and stream channel relocations to avoid
or minimize impacts to waters of the United States; and,

f
CO>v1110N NAbIE SCIENTIFIC NA:'~1E r
STATL S
JACKSON COUNTY
Vertebrates
Green salamander Aneides aeneus FSC
• Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus anatum
Carolina northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Endangered
Indiana bat Endangered
Mvotis sodalis Endangered
Olive darter Percina squamata FSC
Northern pine snake Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus FSC
Invertebrates
Appalachian.elktoe
French Broad crayfish Alasmidonta raveneliana Endangered

Whitewater crayfish ostracod Cambarus reburncs
Dacrylocrythere prinsi FSC

Tawny crescent butterfly
Phycoides batesii maconensis FSC
FSC
Diana fritillary butterfly Speveria Jana
FSC
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir
Mountain bittercress Abies fraseri FSC

Manhart's sedge Cardamine clematitis FSC

Tall larkspur Carer manhartii FSC

Glade spurge Delphinium eraltatum FSC

Swamp pink Euphorbia purpurea FSC

Small-whorled ogonia
p Helonias bullata

Isotria medeoloides
Threatened

Butternut
'
Juglans cinerea Threatened
FSC
Fraser
s loosestrife Lysimachia fraseri FSC
Sweet pinesap
Carolina saxifrage Monotropsis odorata FSC

Divided-leaf ragwort Saxifraga caroliniana FSC

Mountain catchfly Senecio nrillefolium FSC
Silene ovata FSC
Nonvascular Plants
Gorge moss Bryocrumia vivicolor FSC
Rock gnome lichen Gvmnoderma lineare Endangered
A liverwort Plagiochila sullivantii var. spinigera FSC
A liverwort Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii FSC
A liverwort Plagiochila virginica var. caroliniana FSC
Carolina star-moss Plagiomnium carolinianum (=Mnium FSC
carolinianum)
A liverwort Sphenolobopsis pearsonii FSC
JOHNSTON COUNTY
- .Vertebrates
Red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis Endangered
January /S, 1999 Page 15 of 49

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO
Regulatory Division
October 16, 2001
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ANAI~S
Action ID. 200121158; Widening of SR 1178 (Keen Road) from I-95 to US 301, Johnston
County, F.A. Project No. STP-1178(2), State Project No. 8.2313201, North Carolina, TIP No. R-
4071.
William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
This is in response to your letter dated July 9, 2001, requesting input on the proposed
widening of SR 1178 (Keen Road) from I-95 to US 301, in Four Oaks, Johnston County, North
Carolina (TIP No. R-4071).
Prior Department of the Army permit authorization, pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act of 1977, as amended, will be required for the discharge of excavated or fill material
into waters and/or wetlands in conjunction with this project, including temporary impacts for
construction access or bridge demolition, and the disposal of construction debris.
Based upon our review of the project and associated maps, our review indicates that the
proposed work may not involve the discharge of excavated or fill material into waters at-u
wetlands. However, we strongly suggest that you review the project corridor to determine the
presence of waters of the United States, including wetlands, subject to our regulatory authority
pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, which might be impacted by the subject project.
Once final plans are completed, including the extent and location of any work within waters of
the United States and wetlands, our Regulatory Division would appreciate the opportunity to
review these plans for aproject-specific determination of Department of the AtTny permit
requirements. These plans should include temporary impacts from any necessary construction
access or bridge demolition. Bridge demolition work should be planned in strict accordance with
the latest NCDOT Policy: Bridge Demolition and Removal in Waters of the United States (BDR
Policy), including the Best Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal. If there
are only minor impacts to waters, including wetlands, the work might be authorized under one or
more nationwide or regional general permits provided avoidance and minimization are
adequately addressed.

Npv-13-02 16:31 North Carolina Geodetic S (919) 73_?-4407 ~~_;;~
1
forth Cara a c~eoaenc survey
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• NC Floodpla' ' ~ apping
• EDM Calibra ~ Baseline Data -
» Geodetic Too t
~' ` Division of Land Resonrees
{ North Carolina Geodetic S~r~ey
Office Lana.ion:
l~aYa~iling Address:
?~1CC~S ?CGS
24323 Mail Semi ,enter Elks Buiiding'l 1 y'..-ones ~t.
Raleigh, NC 276 , 323 Raleigh, ~iC 27b03~1334
Phone: [phone]$ Fax: (919} 733-4407 Email: gs~.thnmos ` ~~!nct~ail.nr_
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01 i 01 % 1994 04:01 9199633113 TOWN OF FOUR O~,KS F':;GE 01
~~/~~ +~
_ ~JT. C~rastln o'j'(cuJoc
~~inrK qfq •q69 q»z
January 15, 2003
Mr. G
s. Stephanie Caldwell
ar ent o ransportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Dear Mr. Thorp and Ms. Caldwell
«L~. ~r h10
u: L,~~~. ~ 1nst.i ~nvrlcncx ?761.1
I am writing you concerning the widening project of i~een Road located in our jt,risdictic.n.
The Town F3oard of Commissioners discussed this project and would like t~ make a few
requests. The first request would be that this area would be curbed and guttered. In addition
to this request the Town $oard would like to see sides;•alks on the north side of f:een~Koad
since this area already has numerous people walking along the edge. There are currently
development projects that will increase tratTic along this stretch of Keen Road, which will
make sidewalks even more important. Along with the above requests, the Tou•n ~xrould like to
see some landscaping included with this project. The Town adopted a landscape ordinance
approximate)}• 2 years ago to help improve the aesthetics of the Town.
One other item 1 would like to menticm is a stoplight at the intersection of Bo~'ette Read. I
requested a traffic study in August 2002 and the report from the Wils~~n office slated there
was not enough traffic to place a stoplight at this intersection. The Town disagrees frith this
assessment. i would request that your office review this request as you make plan; t~
widened Keen Road.
If you should hsve any questions regarding the fomgoing please do not hesitate to contact me
at (919) 963-31 12 ext. 24.
Sincerely,
Amv D -McLamb
Town Clerk/Finance Officer
cc: Mayor & Board of C:ommissi.oners

JOHNSTON COUNTY SCHOOLS
[phone] P,O. Box 1336 Smithfield, NC 27577 [phone] Fax
January 31, 2002 ,
i '~V~Q
Mr. Gerald H. Knott, AIA
NC Dept. of Public Instruction
301 N. Wilmington Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2825
Dear Mr. Knott:
Mr. John Evans, Director of Transportation for Johnston County Schools, has reviewed the
information regarding "widening of SR 1178 (Keen Road) from I-95 to US 301, Johnston County,
Federal-Aid Project No. STP-1178(2), State Project No. 8.2313201, TIP No. R-4071 ". He reports that
this project will not have any impact on a proposed school site or any bus routes in the school system
at this time.
If you have any questions, please feel free to give me a call.
Sincerely,
Dwight A. Hinnant
Associate Superintendent
DAH/dh
C: Dr. James Causby, Superintendent
John Evans, Director of Transportation
Ann Williams, Assistant Superintendent for Facility Services
Fostering A Flame For Learning

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Mtcttn>;L F. EnsLLt~
Cn ,1'@H\t ~N
September 4, 200 ]
MEMORANDUM TO Stephanie Ledbetter
Project Development Engineer
FROM' Stephen Walker
Traffic Noise/Air Quality Section
SUBJECT CE Report for SRI 178 (Keen Road) From the 1-9, fnterchan~,e
to US ,U I (Wellons Road), Johnston County- F .A Project
STP-1 178(2), State Project # 8?3 I ,2U 1. TIP ~. R-~tU71
The pre~ject is located in Johnston Cowtty, which has been determined to be in
compliance with the National Ambient Air Qualitv Standards. 40 CFR pat? ~ 1 is not
applicable- because the proposed project is located in an attainment area. This project is
not anticipated to create any adverse effects on the air quality of this attainment area.
The project proposes the construction of a ~-lane curb and Butter section for this
section of SR 117S (Keen Road). The existin~s roadway is currently a ?-lane. two-way
facility For the year of 202. the maximum distances to the 72-dBA and 67-dB.4 noise
level contour: are located \vithin the right-of-wad Hence. no receptors are anticipated to
approach or exceed the FH~~I A !poise .Abatement Criteria and nu noise sensiti\•e receptors
would experience a substantial chan~,e in exterior noise levels per NCDOT 'x'oise
.Abatement Policy Based on past project experience and low tratiic volumes- air quality is
not expected to exceed the National Ambient .Air Quality Standards Therefore. the
project's impact on-noise and air quality will not be si~,nificant
L»tx> Tu~t~l/~r~r
SL~~ KEI:Va
if ve~,etation is disposed of by burning„ all burnin~~ shall be done in accordance
tiith applicable local laws and re~~ulations of the North Carolina SIP for arr quallt\ in
compliance with 1 ~ NCA(- 2D.0>20. This evaluation completes the assessment
requirements for hi~_h\+-ay tragic noise of Title ? ~ of the Code of Federal Re~_ulations, Part
77~_ and fir air qualit\ of~ the I c)90 Clean Air Act Amendments and the NEP.a procesa.
and nu additional report: arc necessary.
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMEr:T O: T~arv.- :.-.,r;ncv.
PROJECT DEVE.cu~n+E r:- ,.: E~~:~~~~.n,r.e.",., _ Arta; ...
1548 M:.,~ SERViC=_ CEO: ~_~
RA~Ei~r+NC 27699-15x8
TELEFHOM_. 919-733-3141
FAX. [phone]
LNEBSIrE 114hW.OCH.DO" "rTENC u,
LOCATION:
Tn.=1:'"..lR T4','.1f: Buli~lr.~
Ra.E~O~ NC

R-133

Keen Road -Looking east
Keen Road -Looking west towards US 301

NATURAL RESOURCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The following Natural Resources Technical Report is submitted to assist in the
prepazation of a Categorical Exclusion (CE) for the proposed project. The project is
located in the south-central portion of Johnston County (Figure 1).
1.1 Project Description
The proposed project calls for the widening of the existing two-lane road. SR
1178 to three lanes from the Interstate 95 interchange to US 301 (Wellons Street). The
existing right-of-wa~• (ROW) is 60.0 ft (18.3 m), and the proposed ROVI' is 90.0 feet (24
m). The existing cross section is a two-way facility with a 24-foot (7.2 meters) total
pavement width. The proposed cross section is a three-lane curb and gutter facility with a
symmetrica140-foot (l 2.2 m) total pavement width. Project length is approximately 0.47
miles (0.76 km).
1.2 Environmental Commitments
There are not an}' site specific environmental commitments at this time. All
standazd guidelines and recommendations apply.
l.3 Purpose
The purpose of~ this technical report is to inventory, catalog and describe the
various natural resources likely to be impacted by the proposed action. This report also
attempts to identify and estimate the probable consequences of the anticipated impacts to
these resources. Recommendations aze made for measures which will minimize resource
impacts. These descriptions and estimates are relevant only in the context of existing
preliminary design concepts. If design parameters and criteria change, additional
field investigations will need to be conducted.
1.4 Methodology
Research was conducted prior to field investigations. Information sources used in
this pre-field investigation of the study area include: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
quadrangle map for Johnston County (Four Oaks, NC, 1986), U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (USFWS) National Wetland Inventory Map (Four Oaks), Natural Resources
Conservation Service (MRCS, fonmerly the Soil Conservation Service) soil information
4

Project Region is equivalent to an area represented by a 7.~ minute USGS quadrangle
map with the project occupying the central position.
2.0 PHYSICAL RESOURCES
Soil and water resources, which occur in the study area, are discussed below.
Soils and availability of water directly influence composition and distribution of flora and
fauna in any biotic community.
The project study area lies within the Coastal Plain physiographic region of North
Carolina. The topography in this section of Johnston County is nearly level with little
relief. Project elevation is approximately 211.0 ft (64.3 m) above mean sea level (msl).
2.1 Soils
Five soil mapping units occur within the project vicinity: Gilead sandy loam
(GeB), Lynchburg sandy loam (Ly), Norfolk-Urban land complex (NuA), Udorthents
(Ud), and Wagram loamy sand (WaB). Table 1 lists study area soils and their
characteristics.
Table 1. Soils within the Project Study Area
Map
Unit Soil
Series Percent
Slope Drainage
Class Hydric
Classification
GeB Gilead sandy loam 2-8 Moderately Well Non-hydric
Ly Lynchburg sandy loam 0-2 Somewhat Poorly known to contain
hydric inclusions
NuA Norfolk-Urban land 0-3 Well Non-hvdric
complex y
Ud Udorthents unknown Well Non-hvdric
WaB VVagram loamy sand 0-6 Excessively Non-hydric
Gilead sandy loam consists of moderately well drained soils occurring on side
slopes in the uplands in the Coastal Plain. A perched water table is at a depth of
approximately 1.5 to 2.5 feet (0.46 to 0.76 m) during the early spring. Permeability is
slow to moderately slow and surface runoff is rapid. The steep slope, rapid surface
6

of the resources. Probable impacts to these water bodies are also discussed, as are means
to minimize impacts.
2.2.1 Waters Impacted and Characteristics
No surface waters will be directly impacted; however, negligible indirect impacts
may occur as a result of the proposed project.
The project study area is located in the south-central portion of the Neuse River
Basin, in sub-basin 03-04-04. The nearest water body, an unnnamed tributary of Juniper
Swamp, is located approximately 1,600 feet east of the study area (Figure 1). Juniper
Swamp is a tributary of Hannah Creek, which empties into the Neuse River near the
intersection of the Johnston and Wayne County boundary lines.
2.2.2 Best Usage Classification
Streams are assigned a best usage classification by the DWQ. The classification
of Juniper Swamp [Index no. 27-52-6-6) is C NSW. Class C uses include aquatic life
propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation and agriculture. The
supplemental classification of NSW denotes Nutrient Sensitive Waters which require
limitations on nutrient inputs.
Neither High Quality Waters (HQW), Water Supplies (WS-I: undeveloped
watersheds or WS-II: predominately undeveloped watersheds) nor Outstanding
Resource Waters (ORW) occur within 1.0 mi (1.6 km) of project stud}~ area.
Figure 1. Vicinity Map
2.2.3 Water Quality
Water quality of streams is assessed in North Carolina by the DWQ using benthic
macroinvertebrates as a water quality indicator. Many benthic macroinvertebrates have
stages in their life cycle that can last from six months to a year, therefore, the adverse
effects of a toxic spill will not be overcome until the next generation. Different taxa of
macroinvertebrates have different tolerances to pollution, thereby, long term changes in
water quality conditions can be identified by population shifts from pollution sensitive to
pollution tolerant organisms (and vice versa). Overall, the species present, the population
diversity and the biomass are reflections of long term water quality conditions.
8

No direct impacts to surface waters are anticipated as a result of this widening
project; however, Best Management Practices (BMP's) for stormwater management
should be followed.
Precautions must be taken to minimize impacts to water resources in the study area,
NCDOT's BMP's for the Protection of Surface Waters must be strictly enforced during
the construction stage of the project. Guidelines for these BMP's include, but are not
limited to: minimizing built upon azea and diversion of stormwater away from surface
waters as much as possible. Provisions to preclude contamination by toxic substances
during the construction interval must also be strictly enforced.
3.0 BIOTIC RESOURCES
Biotic resources include aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This section describes
those ecosystems encountered in the study area, as well as the relationships between
fauna and flora within these ecosystems. Composition and distribution of biotic
communities throughout the project area are reflective of topography, hydrologic
influences and past and present land uses in the study area. Descriptions of the terrestrial
systems are presented in the context of plant community classifications and follow
descriptions presented by Schafale and Weakley (1990) where possible. Dominant flora
and fauna observed, or likely to occur,. in each communit}• are described and discussed.
Scientific nomenclature and common names (when applicable) are provided for
each animal and plant species described. Plant taxonomy generall}• follo~•s Radford, et
al. (1968). Animal taxonomy follows Martof et al. (1980), Menhinick (1991), Potter, et
al. (1980), and Webster, et al. (1985). Subsequent references to the same organism will
include the common name only. Fauna observed during the site visit are denoted with an
asterisk (*). Published range distributions and habitat analysis are used in estimating
fauna expected to be present within the project area.
3.l Terrestrial Communities
One distinct terrestrial community is present in the project study area: maintained
urban and agricultural disturbed. Community boundaries within the stud}' area are
generall}~ well defined without a significant transition zone bet~t~een them. )V1any faunal
species likely to occur within the study area ma}~ exploit all communities for shelter and
foraging opportunities, or as movement corridors.
3.1.1 Maintained Urban and Agricultural Disturbed Community
This community has been divided into two separate sub-communities, maintained
urban disturbed and maintained agricultural disturbed. The maintained urban disturbed
10

The roadside ditches and land immediately surrounding ma}~ be inhabited by
reptiles and amphibians such as eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina), ground skink
(Sincella lateralis), Eastern garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis), and spring peeper (Hyla
crucifer).
Avian species utilizing the project vicinity include blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata),
northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor), common
grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), Carolina ~~ren
(Thryothorus ludovicianus), and northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos).
Extensive agricultural areas with a few forested areas surround the project area,
and represent a minor constituent of a larger community structure within the project
vicinity. Therefore, faunal species frequenting the project study area will be largely those
species inhabiting the adjacent communities.
3.3 Aquatic Communities
No aquatic communities will be directly impacted by the proposed project:
however, an unnamed tributary of Juniper Swamp is located approximately 1,600 feet
west of the project area. Physical characteristics of the water• body and condition of the
water resource influence faunal composition of aquatic communities. Terrestrial
communities adjacent to a water resource also greatly influence aquatic communities.
Fauna associated with the aquatic community associated with Juniper Swamp,
include various invertebrate and vertebrate species. Fish species likely to occur in
Juniper Swamp include ~~olden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), margined madtom
(Noturus insignis), black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) and tessellated darter
(Etheostoma olmstedi). Invertebrates that would be present include: various species of
caddisflies (Trichoptera). mayfly (Ephemeroptera), crayfish (Decapoda), water striders
(Aquarius sp.), whirligig beetles (Gyrinidae) and dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata).
The snapping turtle (C'helvdra serpentina), pickerel frog (Rana palustris), and northern
water snake (Nerodia sipedon) are common permanent residents in this community.
3.4 Summary of Anticipated Impacts
Construction of the subject project will have various impacts on the biotic
resources described. Any construction related activities in or near these resources have
the potential to impact biological functions. This section quantifies and qualifies impacts
to the natural resources in terms of area impacted and ecosystems affected. Temporary
and permanent impacts are considered here as well.
12

by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and under
normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted to life in
saturated conditions. Any action that proposes to place fill into these areas falls under the
jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) under Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344).
4.1.1 Characteristics of Wetlands and Surface Waters
Potential wetland communities were investigated pursuant to the 1987 "Corps of
Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual". The three parameter approach is used where
hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation and prescribed hydrologic characteristics must all be
present for an area to be considered a wetland. No jurisdictional wetlands were observed
within the project study area.
4.1.2 Neuse River Buffers
As the project is located in the Neuse River Basin, Riparian Area Rules for
Nutrient Sensitive Waters apply. The rules state that roads, bridges, stormwater
management facilities, ponds and utilities may be allowed where no practical alternative
exists. They also state that these structures shall be located. designed. constructed and
maintained to have minimal disturbance, to provide maximum erosion protection, to have
the least adverse effects on aquatic life and habitat and to protect water quality to the
maximum extent practical through the use of best management practices. No impacts to
riparian buffers are expected within the project study area.
4.1.3 Permits
Encroachment into jurisdictional surface water because of project construction is
often times inevitable. Factors that determine Section 404 Nationwide Permit (NWP)
applicability include hydrology, juxtaposition with a major resource, whether the impacts
occur as part of the widening of an existing facilit}~. or as the result of new location
construction. Although an individual site may qualify under NWP authorizations.
overall, cumulative impacts from a single and complete project may require authorization
under an Individual Permit (IP).
A North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) Section 401 Water Quality
Certification is required prior to the issuance of the section 404 permit. No wetlands or
surface waters are present within the project area. Consequently, a section 404
permit and corresponding 401 water quality certification are not required for the
proposed project.
14

Compensatory mitigation is not normally considered until anticipated impacts to
Waters of the United States have been avoided and minimized to the maximum extent
possible. It is recognized that "no net loss of wetlands" functions and values may not be
achieved in each and every permit action. Appropriate and practicable compensatory
mitigation is required for unavoidable adverse impacts which remain after all appropriate
and practicable minimization has been required. Compensatory actions often include
restoration, creation and enhancement of Waters of the United States. Such actions should
be undertaken in areas adjacent to or contiguous to the discharge site.
4.2 Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of fauna and flora have been in, or are in, the process of decline
either due to natural forces or their inability to coexist with human activities. Federal law
(under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended requires that
any action, likely to adversely affect a species classified as federally-protected, be subject
to review by the USFVVS. Other species may receive additional protection under separate
state laws.
4.2.1 Federally-Protected Species
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered, Threatened.
Proposed Endangered and Proposed Threatened are protected under provisions of Section
7 and Section 9 ofthe Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended February 26, ?001,
the USFWS lists the following federally-protected species for Johnston County (Table 3).
A brief description of each species' characteristics and habitat follows.
Table 3. Federally-Protected Species for Johnston County
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Picoides borealis
Alasmidonta heterodon
Elliptio steinstansancr
Rhus michauzii
Red-cockaded woodpecker
Dwarf wedge mussel
Tar spinymussel
Michaux's sumac
is defined as a species that is threatened
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered*
throughout all or a significant portion of i[s range.
"`~~ Indicates the species ~~as last observed in the county more than ~0 years ago.
Picoides borealis (red-cockaded woodpecker) Endangered
Animal Family: Picidae
Date Listed: ] 3 October 1970
The adult red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW) has a plumage that is entirely black
and white except for small red streaks on the sides of the nape in the male. The back of
the RCW is black and white with horizontal stripes. The breast and underside of this
16

Suitable habitat for the dwarf wedge mussel consisting of perennial streams
within the Neuse and Upper Tar River Basins does not exist within the project study area.
A review of the NCNHP database on 3 October 2001 indicated that there are no known
occurrences of dwarf wedge mussel within the project study area. Therefore, this project
will not affect dwarf wedge mussel.
Elliptio steinstansana (Tar spinymussel) Endangered
Animal Family: Unionidae
Date Listed: 29 July 1985
This mussel requires a stream with fast flowing, well oxygenated, circumneutral
pH water. The bottom is composed of uncompacted gravel and coarse sand. The water
needs to be relatively silt-free. It is known to rely on a species of freshwater fish to act as
an intermediate host for its larvae.
The Tar River spinymussel is a very small mussel. This mussel is named for its
spines which project perpendicularly from the surface and curve slightly ventrally. As
many as 12 spines can be found on the shell which is generally smooth in texture. The
nacre is pinkish (anterior) and bluish-white (posterior).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION NO EFFECT
Suitable habitat for Tar River spinymussel consisting of a perennial stream with a
sandy or gravely bed and little to no contamination within the Tar River Basin is not
available within the project study area. A review of the NCNHP database on 3 October
?001 indicated that there are no known occurrences of Tar River spinymussel within the
project study area. Therefore, this project will not affect Tar River spinymussel.
Rlrrrs miclrarexii (Michaux's sumac) Endangered
Family: Cashew (Anacardiaceae)
Federally Listed: September 28, 1989
Best Search Time: During the growing season (June -September)
Michaux's sumac is a dioecious shrub growing to a height of 1.0 - 2.0 ft (0.3-0.6
m). Plants flower in June, producing a terminal, erect, dense cluster of 4-5 parted
greenish-yellow to white flowers. Fruits, produced from August through September, are
red, densel} short-pubescent drupes, 0.25 in (5-6 mm) across. Most populations,
ho~~~ever, are single sexed and reproduce only by rhizomes. The entire plant is densely
pubescent. The deciduous leaves are composed of 9-13 sessile, oblong leaflets on a
narrowly winged or wingless rachis. The acute to acuminate leaflets have rounded bases
and are 1.5-3.5 in (4-9 cm) long and 1.0-2.0 in (2-5 cm) wide. They are simply or doubly
serrate. Distinctive characteristics include short stature, densely pubescent throughout,
evenly serrate leaflets.
18

provided for information purposes as the status of these species may be upgraded in the
future.
Table 4. Federal Species of Concern for .inhnctnn C`nnnty
Scientific Name Common Name State Status Habitat
Lythrurus matutinus Pinewoods shiner SR No
Elliptio lanceolata Yellow lance T (PE) No
Fusconaia masoni Atlantic pigtoe T (PE) No
Lampsilis cariosa Yellow lampmussel T (PE) No
Lasmigona subviridis Green floater E No
Procambarus medialis Tar River crayfish W3 No
Solidago verna Spring-flowering goldenrod T No
Tofieldia glabra Carolina asphodel C* No
Trillium pusillum var. Cazolina least trillium E No
usill um
„*., H.
------- tstortc record (Last observed m Johnston County more than twenty years aoo
"E"------An Endangered species is one whose continued existence as a viable component of the State's
fauna or flora is determined to be in jeopardy.
"T"----- A Threatened species is one which is likely to become an endangered species within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
"C"----- A Candidate species is one which is very rare in North Carolina, generally with 1-20 populations
in the state, generally substantially reduced in numbers by habitat destruction, direct exploitation or
disease. The species is also either rare throughout its range or disjunct in North Carolina from a main
range in a different part of the country or the world.
"SR"---- A Significantly Rare species is one which has not been listed b}~ the N.C. Wildlife Resources
Commission as an Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern species, but which exists in the state in
small numbers and has been determined by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program to need monitorine.
"(PE)"-Species has been proposed by a Scientific Council as a status that is different from the current
status, but the status has not yet been adopted by the WRC and by the General Assembly as law.
"W3" A Watch Category 3 (rare. but uncertain documentation) includes species which have been
reported from N.C. without adequate documentation.
Surveys for these species were not conducted during the site visit, nor were any of
these species observed. A review of the NCNHP database of rare species and unique
habitats on 3 October 2001 revealed no records of North Cazolina rare and/or protected
species in or near the project study area.
20

HNTB Corporation December 21, 2001
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
OFFICE OF HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
Attention: Stephanie Ledbetter, PDEA Engineer, NCDOT
From: Kevin Hall, Senior Planner, HNTB & Bob Deaton, NCDOT
Through: Leigh Lane, Public Involvement & Community Studies, NCDOT
Contract: A303954
Re: TIP R-4071, SR 1178 Widening -Johnston County
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The North Carolina Department of Transportation proposes widening Keen Road (SR
1178) between US-301 and I-95 in Four Oaks, North Carolina from two lanes to three
lanes, including a center turn lane. Four Oaks is located in Johnston County, which is
one of the six counties include in the Raleigh-Durham MSA. The following is a brief
summary of the findings and conclusions within both the Community Profile and the
Project Impact sections:
Community Profile:
• Population growth in the study area grew by only 15.6% between 1990 and 2000.
compared to 50% in Johnston County and 21 % in North Carolina.
• Johnston County's population is forecasted to grow by 35.4% between 2000 and
2010, the highest growth rate of any county in the state.
• The project is located in a low- to medium-density residential area with close
proximity to the Four Oaks town center and I-95.
• The majority of the population in the study area is white (70%), between the ages of
20 and 44 (35.6%).
• Employment in Johnston County increased by 43.5% between 1990 and 2000,
compared to 26.0% for the State of North Carolina.
Project Impact:
• According to forecasts included in the Johnston County Thoroughfare Plan, it is
anticipated that the Transportation Analysis Zone (TAZ) that includes the Keen Road
widening project will only add 100 people and 33 jobs between 1995 and 2020.
• The project should improve accessibility to the surrounding land uses but not increase
the carrying capacity of Keen Road, thus having no impact on travel times.
• Widening Keen Road should not induce much commercial or residential development
within the study area.
• Potential impact upon farmland within the study area would result because of induced
development, not right-of--way acquisition. Thus, with minimal impact upon the
commercial or residential environment expected, farmland should not be affected.
• No impacts upon watersheds or water supply are anticipated.

r
HNTB Corporation December 21, 2001
Land development along both sides of SR-1178 is predominantly low-density, single-
family residential. There are a couple of retirement communities located along the
eastern side of the roadway, whereas more established single-family neighborhoods are
focused along the western side.
1 III. METHODOLOGY
After defining the study area, data was collected from a number of sources.
Demographic data by census tract was retrieved from the US Census Bureau in order to
assist in developing a community profile for the study area. These statistics were
compared with the county within which the project is located as well as with the state as a
whole. Interviews were conducted with relevant staff from Johnston County to determine
local growth patterns. Land use and transportation plans, development policies, and
vazious ordinances were obtained.
Vazious web sites were used for gathering information regarding potential impacts on
rivers and watershed azeas, farmland soils, vegetation. lo~~•er income neighborhoods,
provision of public services/facilities, residences and businesses, and the transportation
infrastructure. A site visit was conducted in order to assess the surrounding environment
with respect to these and other issues.
IV. COMMUNITY PROFILE/DATA COLLECTION
Field Visit
A thorough study area inspection was conducted by driving the length of the project and
identifying both roadside land uses as well as surrounding development within the
boundaries of the study azea. The street traverses predominantly through amiddle-
income residential area, connecting the main arterial (US-301) through the Town of Four
Oaks with I-95. Other than the retirement centers and a mobile home park, most of the
area east of Keen Road (SR 1178) is agricultural.
Established neighborhoods exist to the north of US-301. Land along US-301 is generally
developed with population-serving office and retail, including banl: branches, service
stations, and local retail shops. South of I-95, land use along SR 1178 becomes much
more rural. There are no major employment centers within the studv area.
Geographic And Political Location
Keen Road (SR 1178) is located in rural Johnston County, which is one of six counties
included in the Raleigh-Durham MSA. Similar to the other counties in the metropolitan
azea, Johnston County's population has significantly grown over the last decade.
According to the US Census, the population in Johnston County grew by 50% between
1990 and 2000, from 81,306 to 121,965 persons. North Carolina's population as a whole
only grew by 21.4% during the same time frame, going from 6.6 million to 8.0 million.
3

r
HNTB Corporation December 21, 2001
Peeulatinn by Ann 9nnn
u y rea o ns on oun o aro Ana
Age op. o op. ° op, °
years an un er ° ° °
years °
o
o
- years °
o
o
. ° o
. °
o ~. ° ° °
--~-•.~..~ ..........~w..a vu~cau cvvv
Note: Study Area includes Census Tract 412 -Block Group 4
Income, Poverty Status, And Unemployment
Socioeconomic data was obtained from the US Census Bureau for both North Carolina
and Johnston County. This type of data has not yet been made available at the census
tract level, and therefore the study area is not included as part of the analysis. Also, 2000
values have not yet been released, therefore 1997 Census estimates have been used.
In 1990, the State of Median Household Income, 1990-1997
North Carolina had a
higher median
income value than
Johnston County.
H
e ian ouse o ncome ange,
Area
°
o ns on oun
North Carolina $26,647 $35,320 $8,673 32.5%
s ima e
owever, seven
years later, Johnston Source: US Census Bureau
County's median income of $36,406 surpassed North Carolina's value of $35,320. This
trend seems to reflect the influence of living in a metropolitan county and commuting to
the City of Raleigh and Research Triangle Park, both of which are significantly growing
in terms of employment and wages.
The same trend % Below Poverty, 1990-1997
exists with respect to
the poverty level. In
1990. 14.3% of
Johnston County
'd
o e ow ove ange,
Area
0
o ns on oun y _ ° ° _ _ ° _ °
North Carolina
s ima e 13.0% 12.6% -0.4% -3.1
res~ ents were below
the poverty level. Source: US Census Bureau
compared to 13.0% in the State of North Carolina. During the next seven years, the
percent of people below the poverty level in Johnston County decreased t~vo percentage
points to 12.3%, a much larger decline than that of North Carolina, which improved by
less than a half of a percentage point. Again, this trend most likely reflects the
suburbanization of new Wake and Durham County employees.
Lastly. as is the case with median household income and the percent of persons belo~~ the
• poverty level, unemployment rate trends reflect the growing number of workers in
Johnston County. According to the North Carolina Employment Security Commission.
s

a
r
HISTB Corporation December 21, 2001
The 2000 median home values have yet to be released by the US Census. but according
to 1990 statistics, the average value of a North Carolinian home w-as $65,800, compared
to $59,400 in Johnston County. However, based on data retrieved from the Smithfield-
Selma Chamber of Commerce, the average selling price for a home in Johnston Count}~
in 1998 was $125,793. This value was much higher than the estimated 2000 median
' home value of $108,356 for North Carolina.
Business Activity And Employment Centers
Based on data by transportation analysis zones (TAZs) provided b}' the NCDOT, much of
the existing employment within Johnston County is located along the I-95 corridor
between the towns of Micro and Four Oaks and along the US-70 corridor between
Smithfield and Clayton. These areas have easy access to both I-9~ and I-40, as well as
the surrounding labor force.
Employment in Johnston
County increased by 43.5%
between 1990 and 2000.
Although it only grew by 3.4%
during the last decade, the
manufacturing sector still led
the way with a total of 7,996
employees in 2000. Retail
trade was close behind with
7,928. The services sector
grew by 98.3% during the time
frame, the highest growth rate
of any sector. The only sector
to lose employment in Johnston
County between 1990 and 2000
was mining.
Employment By Sector
Johnston County, 1990-2000
p oymen ange
Sector
nstruction
_ °
irnng _ _
o
anu ctunng i
, °
ranspo a ion
Public Utilities 766 953 187 24.4%
oesae ra e °
etas ra e
°
°
erv~ces
°
overnmen
°
o
The State of North Carolina indicated similar employment trends as Johnston Count}-,
although its total employment only grew by 26.6%. Services had the most employees
(1,033,700) in 2000 in addition to the highest growth rate (74.1 %) between 1990 and
2000. The construction and FIRE sectors had the second and third highest growth rates at
42.8% and 38.8%, respectively. Both the mining and manufacturing sectors lost
employment in North Carolina during the last decade.
Public Utilities/Facilities & Schools
The widening project along Keen Road (SR 1178) is located entirely within the Town of
- Four Oaks, and therefore land uses along both sides of the roadway are serviced by
county water and sewer systems. The 1996 estimated population in Johnston County
served by the public water system was 30,00 persons. About 57 private community
• water systems served an additional population of 5,700 system was 30,500 persons.
About 57 private community water systems served an additional population of 5.700
7

HNTB Corporation December 21, 2001
There are currently no sidewalks and no bicycle lanes along Keen Road, and none are
planned in conjunction with the widening project. There are currently no pedestrian
destinations along this section of Keen Road that would merit the construction of
sidewalks. With an average speed limit of 4~ mph, none are recommended. Public
transportation is also not available mainly because of the lack of workplace and other
destinations in the immediate area.
Public Utilities/Services Impacts
There are minimal expected impacts upon the provision of public utilities; facilities and
services within the study area. It will be slightly easier for emergency vehicles to get to
and from their destinations as a result of the center turn lane. As mentioned before, it
will not be necessary to relocate any utility line poles. Existing public. water and sewer
service will not be disrupted. There are currently no public facilities located along this
section of Keen Road, and access to these facilities in the surrounding area should not be
impacted.
Safeh~ Impacts
Currently, there is no access control along Keen Road. allowing development to have
direct driveway access to the roadway. This situation increases the likelihood of
accidents because of vehicles more frequently braking for turnin~~ movements. especiall}~
for left turns. and accelerating to enter the traffic flow. The construction of a center turn
lane should help traffic flow and reduce the possibilit}~ of accidents occurring as a result
of suddenly braking vehicles in travel lanes.
It takes more time for a pedestrian to cross athree-lane road~yay than it does atwo-lane
roadway. Thus. pedestrian safety will be slightly impacted. However. there are currently
no pedestrian destinations along this section of Keen Road, and therefore the likelihood
of a pedestrian being struck is minimal. In addition. vehicular lanes need to made ~yide
enough to permit bicyclists without jeopardizing their safety. Currently. the standard 1?-
foot travel lanes would not be able to accommodate both modes of transportation.
Displacement Impacts
Based on com~ersations with the NCDOT project engineer in addition to a field visit.
there does not seem to be any residential or commercial improvements ~yithin the
proposed right-of--way, eliminating the possibility of an}~ potential displacements needed
to complete the widening project. There will, however, be some yard reductions as a
result of the paved roadway being increased from 24 feet to 40 feet. Driveway lengths of
residences along the roadway will also have to be reduced.
v Secondar~~ And Cumulative Impacts
Travel lanes will not be increased as part of the widening project and therefore carrying
capacity should not be affected. However, the purpose of this roadway project is not to

Y
HNTB Corporation December 21, 2001
The Ly and WaB soils are located closer to Keen Road, while the NoA soil is located in
the more rural area to the east. The Ly soil type typically has slopes between 0 to 2
.. percent, and is mostly used as woodland. The soil is also well suited to corn, soybeans.
and small grain yields. It is poorly suited to most urban and recreational uses because of
the wetness. The WaB soil type is located in areas with 0 to 6 percent slopes, and is
` mostly used as cropland. It is also well suited for woodlands and urban uses. Lastly, the
NoA soil is typically located in areas with 0 to 2 percent slopes, and is mostly used as
cropland. It is well suited for most any type of development including cropland,
woodland, and urban uses.
With an additional 30 feet or right-of-wa}~ being acquired as a result of the widening
project, there should be some minimal impact on farmland since all three types of soil are
conducive to crop yields. However, most potential impact t:pon the farmland within the
study area will result because of induced development, not right-of--way acquisition. As
previously mentioned, the widening project should not induce additional residential or
commercial development. In addition, storm water runoff as a result of the project may
slightly impact the poorly drained Ly soil type located along the eastern edge of the
roadway closer to US-301. However, the addition of curb and gutter along the entire
length of the project should limit the amount of runoff into these adjacent farmland areas.
Water Supply/Watersheds And Scenic Rivers Impacts
There are no major rivers or creeks within the study area. According to Johnston County,
the entire roadway project is not located within either a critical or protected watershed
area. Therefore, no impacts upon watersheds or water suppl}• is anticipated.
In addition, the United States government regulates certain selected rivers and their
immediate environments because they possess "outstandingly remarkable scenic.
recreational, geologic, fish and wildlife, historic, cultural, or other similar values".
Legislation dictates that these rivers "shall be preserved in free-flo~-ing condition, and
that they and their immediate environments shall be protected for the benefit and
enjoyment of present and future generations'''. With no such rivers within the study area.
development regulations with respect to scenic rivers do not appl}- to the Keen Road
widening project.

Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. http:/hvww.nps._ov!rivers/~~-sract.html. Accessed on ?October 3001.
13

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