WI0400509_DEEMED FILES_20190109

Permit Number
Program Category
Deemed Ground Water
Permit Type
WI0400509
Injection Deemed In-situ Groundwater Remediation Well
Primary Reviewer
shristi.shrestha
Coastal SWRule
Permitted Flow
Facility
Facility Name
Fryer Ambulance Service
Location Address
6117 Frieden Church Rd
Gibsonville
Owner
Owner Name
Hardin Oil Company
Dates/Events
NC
Orig Issue
12/21/2018
App Received
12/11/2018
Regulated Activities
Groundwater remediation
Outfall
Waterbody Name
27249
Draft Initiated
Scheduled
Issuance Public Notice
Central Files: APS SWP
1/9/2019
Permit Tracking Slip
Status
Active
Version
1.00
Project Type
New Project
Permit Classification
Individual
Permit Contact Affiliation
Major/Minor
Minor
Region
Winston-Salem
County
Guilford
Facility Contact Affiliation
Owner Type
Non-Government
Owner Affiliation
BT Boone
PO Box4265
Greensboro
Issue
12/21/2018
Effective
12/21/2018
NC 27404
Expiration
Requested /Received Events
Streamlndex Number Current Class Subbasin
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality -Division of Water Resources
NOTIFICATION OF INTENT (NOi) TO CONSTRUCT OR OPERATE INJECTION WELLS
The following are ''permitted by rule" and do not require an individual permit when constructed in accordance
with the rules of 15A NCAC 02C .0200 (NOTE: This form must be received at least 14 DAYS p rior to in jection)
AQUIFER TEST WELLS (1 5A NCAC 02C .02201
These wells are used to inject uncontaminated fluid into an aquifer to determine aquifer hydraulic characteristics.
IN SITU REMEDIATION U SA NCAC 02c .0225) or TRACER WELLS (15A NCAC 02c .0229}:
1) Passive Injection S ystems -In-well delivery systems to diffuse injectants into the subsurface. Examples include
ORC socks, iSOC systems, and other gas infusion methods (Note: Injection Event Records (IER) do not need to be
submitted for replacement of each sock used in ORC systems).
2) Small-Scale In jection O perations -Injection wells located within a land surface area not to exceed 10,000
square feet for the purpose of soil or groundwater reJ11ediation or tracer tests. An individual permit shall be required
for test or treatment areas exceeding 10,000 square feet.
3) Pilot Tests -Preliminary studies conducted for the purpose of evaluating the technical feasibility of a
remediation strategy in order to develop a full scale remediation plan for future implementation, and where the
surface area of the injection zone wells are located within an area that does not exceed five percent of the land
surface above the known extent of groundwater contamination. An individual permit shall be required to conduct
more than one pilot test on any separate groundwater contaminant plume.
4) Air Injection Wells -Used to inject ambient air to enhance in-situ treatment of soil or groundwater.
Print Clearly or Type Information. Rlegible Submittals Will Be Returned As Incomplete.
DATE: // / o/ l , 20 /'6 PERMIT NO. ~N 1-!) Cf-0 0 S°' 0 'f (to be filled in by DWR)
A. WELL TYPE TO BE CONSTRUCTED OR OPERATED
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
----'Air Injection Well ....... : .............................. C,_1plete sectionsB throughF, K, N
----'Aquifer Test Well ....................................... co£~Jif8tions B through F, K, N .,,);::,.,
--.,.-'Passive Injection System ............................... C~lete sectiotiS;;BrJtbrough F, H-N
if Small-Scale Injection Operation ...................... Com~l e/.s'c&/fs B through N
___ Pilot Test .......................................... ~~~~~!lections B through N 'O,o'J'. ' 1i(t,
___ Tracer Injection Well.. ................................. Comp ifi9.s~Qns B through N
tio11
B. STATUS OF WELL OWNER: Choose an item.
C. WELL OWNER(S) -State name of Business/Agency, and Name and Title of person delegated authority to
sign on behalf of the business or agency:
Name(s): B :T. Boo n e. u r ·1 :-1u ,{h ,. C2 · 1
MailingAddress: t',{2, 6 l'l): .;t; 6f '1 2-6 >
City: GuOl\1 5 b a r R State: ~ Zip Code: ..,L 7 Yo Cf County: G c.<.; l ~ rel
DayTeleNo.: ·33, -33 q -~02-.£-:' CellNo.: ________ _
EMAIL'Address: --------------FaxNo.: &3 6 -33 2 -&o ~
Deemed Permitted GW Remediatiop NOi Rev. 3-21-2018 Page 1
D. PROPERTY OWNER(S) (if different than well owner/applicant)
Name and Title: ic. c�� is }"
Company Name
Mailing Address: C i 17 Fr.1=•z..1C.In Pet
City: (� ,�: , , t (,p State: pc., Zip Code: County: Gcsi / e r 41
Day Tele No.: Ce11 No..
EMAIL Address: Fax No.:
E. PROJECT CONTACT (Typically Environmental Engineering Firm)
Name and Title: p i r [
Company NameC.r ., t = n
Mailing Address: _ _2 f 1 Le - s k
City: ,G':�, f r..1 State:,4.JC•Zip Cede:
Day Tele No.:57.— £ �' - .277 C.
EMAIL Address: rt. f 1, Q_ 44 2.4f Li, -TA
F. PHYSICAL LOCATION OF WELL SITE
(1) Facility Name & Address: ►r f
C./ 17 Fr •;,: �aSc7
City: al- g, � (I
Qc (-9'7 county:0.11
Ce[i No.: ro ` a_' 6S CC
Fax No.:
C4U r[ ( f
County: 17, I Zip Code: =2 '7.2 r
(2) Geographic Coordinates: Latitude**: 35
Longitude**: 7
° 3C f 57 f3" or
0
0
Reference Datum: Accuracy:
Method of Collection: G, I _ �L-
"FOR AIR INJECTION AND AQUIFER TEST WELLS ONLY: A FACILITY SITE MAP WITH PROPERTY
BOUNDARIES MAY HE SUBMITTED IN LIEU OF GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES.
G. TREATMENT AREA
Land surface area of contaminant plurne(4 a "''i square feet
Land surface area of inj. well network: j C, square feet ( 10,000 fi for small-scale injections)
Percent of cordarninant plume area to be treated: i'R2 (must be < 5% of plume for pilot test injections)
H. INJECTION ZONE MAPS — Attach the following to the notification.
(I)
(2)
(3)
Contaminant plume map(s) with isoconcentration lines that show the horizontal extent of the
contaminant plwiie in soil and groundwater, existing and proposed monitoring wells, and existing and
proposed injection wells; and
Cross-section(s) to the known or projected depth of contamination that show the horizontal and
vertical extent of the contaminant plume in soil and groundwater, changes in Ethology, existing and
proposed monitoring wells, and existing and proposed injection wells.
Potentiometric surface map(s) indicating the rate and direction of groundwater movement, plus
existing and proposed wells.
Deemed Permitted GW Remediation NOI Rev. 3-2I-20I8 Page 2

L DESCRIPfION OF PROPOSED INJECTION ACTIVITIES -Provide a brief narrative regarding the
purpose, scope, and goals of the proposed injection activity. lbis should include the rate, volume, and
duration of injection over time.
It shall be the objective of IET to conduct a chemical oxidation event at the site located in Gibsonville, NC.
A uni que ISCO process will be implemented in order to directl y oxidize the contaminants of concern and
stimulate a long lasting in-situ bioremediation process. One treatment area is design ed to treat residual
contamination present, focused on one monitoring well: MW-1. The injection rate will not exceed 30 gpm. The
total volume of amendment introduced will be 850 gallons into a total of 4 injection locations. One field work
day should be required to complete installation of the injection pro gram . All material will be introduced via
tem porary DPT injection points. Sodium persulfate will be the oxidant and iron oxide will act as a catalyst for
the ISCO process.
J. APPROVED INJECTANTS-Provide a MSDS for each injectant (attach additional sheets if necessary).
NOTE: Only injectants approved by the NC Division of Public Health, Department of Health and Human
Services can be injected. Approved injectants can be found online at h ttp ://deg .nc.gov/about/divisions/water-
resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/i!l"ound-water-protection/ground-water-approved-injectants.
All other substances must be reviewed by the DHHS prior to use. Contact the U/C Program for more info
(919-807-6496).
lnjectant: Sodium Persulfate ________________________ _
Volume of injectant: ---=2=10"-'0'""'l=b-=-s ______________________ _
Concentration at point of injection: ----=3--=l~¾~o~w~/w~s~o_lu~ti~·o~n~--------------
Percent if in a mixture with other injectants: ---=2=2=.8'-''¾-=-o _______________ _
Injectant: --~F~e~m~·c~O~xi~·d~e ________________________ _
Volumeofinjectant: ____ ____,4=2=0-=-lb=s,_____ ___________________ _
Concentration at point of injection: 6% w/w slurry
Percent if in a mixture with other injectants: ------'4=.5~¾--=o _______________ _
lnjectant: ___ W"""'-"a=te=r ___________________________ _
Volume ofinjectant: -------=8'"'-00"-'-'gal=lo=ns=-----------------
Concentration at point of injection: ___ n/~a~-------------------
Percent if in a mixture with other injectants: ___ 7_2_.6~'¾~o _______________ _
Deemed Permitted GW Remediation NOi Rev. 3-21-2018 Page3
K. WELL CONSTRUCTION DATA
(1) Number of injection wells: --~4 __ ~Proposed" _____ ___,Existing (provide GW-ls)
(2) For Proposed wells or Existing wells not having GW-ls, provide well construction details for each
injection well in a diagram or table format. A single diagram or line in a table can be used for
multiple wells with the same construction details. Well construction details shall include the
following (indicate if construction is proposed or as-built):
(a) Well type as permanent, Geoprobe/DPT, or subsurface distribution infiltration gallery
(b) Depth below land surface of casing, each grout type and depth, screen, and sand pack
( c) Well contractor name and certification number
Deemed Permitted GW Remediation NOi Rev. 3-21-2018 Page4
L. SCHEDULES — Briefly describe the schedule for well construction and injection activities.
lywc el Fro le sa
M. MONITORING PLAN — Describe below or in separate attachment a monitoring plan to be used to determine
if violations of groundwater quality standards specified in Subchapter 021_ result from the injection activity.
N. SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT AND PROPERTY OWNER
Well Owner/Applicant: "I hereby certify, under penalty of law, that I am familiar with the information
submitted in this document and all attachments thereto and that, based on my inquiry of those individuals
immediately responsible for obtaining said infor►ation, I believe that the information is true, accurate and
complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties, including the possibility of fines and imprisonment,
for submitting false information. I agree to construct, operate, maintain, repair, and if applicable, abandon
the injecti n I elated a terrances in accordance with the ,_5:., W tr?,.�' Rules."
-
Sigut re of Applicant Print o Type Full Name and
Property Owner (if the property is not owned by the Well Owner/Applicant):
"As owner of the property on which the injection well() are to he constructed and operated, I hereby consent
to allow the applicant to construct each injection well as outlined in this application and agree that it shall be
the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that the injection well(s) conform to the Well Construction
Standards (; 5A NCAC: U.0 ,)2O e ). "
"Owner" means any person who holds the fee or other property rights in the well being constructed. A
well is real property and its construction on land shall be deemed to vest ownership in the land owner, in
the_ absence of contrary agreement in writing. �7
,` pelf-t.] Uile- 0 uMre4
i nature* of Property Owner (if different from applicant) Print or Type Full Name and Title
*An n cess agreement between the applicant and property owner may be submitted in lieu of a signature on this form.
Please send 1 (one) hard color copy of his NO1 along with a copy on an attached CD or Flash Drive at least
two (2) weeks prior to injection to:
DWR - UIC Program
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
Telephone: (919) 8O7-6464
Deemed Permitted GW Remediation NOI Rev. 3-21-2018
Page 4

8 Science Lab .cam
Chemicals & Laboratory Equipment
Material Safety Data Sheet
Ferric oxide MSDS
Elialth 1
1 ire
0
Reactivity 0
Personal
Protection
Section 1: Chemical Product and Company identification
Product Name: Ferric oxide
Catalog Codes: SLF1657
CAS#: 1309-37-1
RTECS: N07400000
TSCA: TSCA 6(b) inventory: Ferric oxide
CI#: Not available.
Synonym:
Chemical Name: Not available.
Chemical Formula: Fe203
Contact Information:
Sciencelab.com, Inc.
14025 Smith Rd_
Houston, Texas 77396
US Sales: 1-800-901-7247
International Sales: 1-281-441-4400
Order Online:: ,cet.O,,..k_)±,
CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:
1-800-424-9300
International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
For non -emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Composition:
Name
Ferric oxide
CAS #
1309-37-1
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Ferric oxide LD50: Not available. LC50: Not available.
73,Fvr. n
Section 3: Hazards Identification
% by Weight
100
L
Potential Acute Health Effects: MP?
Hazardous in case of ingestion. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation.
Potential Chronic Health Effects: 44'+4eei,,,,_
CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance is toxic to lungs, mucous membranes. Repeated or prolonged
exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.
Section 4: First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: No known effect on eye contact, rinse with water for a few minutes.
Skin Contact:
After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water_ Gently and thoroughly wash the contaminated skin with running
water and non-abrasive soap. Be particularly careful to clean folds, crevices, creases and groin. Cover the irritated skin with an
emollient. If imitation persists, seek medical attention.
p. 1

Serious Skin Contact: Not available.
Inhalation: Allow the victim to rest in a well ventilated area. Seek immediate medical attention.
Serious Inhalation: Not available.
Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If the victim is not breathing, perform
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek immediate medical attention.
Serious Ingestion: Not available.
Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data
Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Points: Not applicable.
Flammable Limits: Not applicable.
Products of Combustion: Not available.
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Not applicable.
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:
Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product in
presence of static discharge: Not available.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Not available.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Not available.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Small Spill:
Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on
the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and regional authority requirements.
Large Spill:
Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the
contaminated surface and allow to evacuate through the sanitary system. Be careful that the product is not present at a
concentration level above TL V. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.
Section 7: Handling and Storage
Precautions: No specific safety phrase has been found applicable for this product.
Storage:
No specific storage is required. Use shelves or cabinets sturdy enough to bear the weight of the chemicals. Be sure that it is
not necessary to strain to reach materials, and that shelves are not overloaded.
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls:
Use process endosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended
exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants
below the exposure limit.
p.2
Personal Protection: Safety glasses. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent.
Gloves.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:
Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid
inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this
product.
Exposure Limits:
TWA: 5 (mg/m3) from ACGIH [1995] Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical state and appearance: Solid.
Odor: Not available.
Taste: Not available.
Molecular Weight: 159. 7 g/mole
Color: Not available.
pH (1% soln/water): Not applicable.
Boiling Point: Decomposes.
Melting Point: 1565°C (2849°F)
Critical Temperature: Not available.
Specific Gravity: 5.24 (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable.
Vapor Density: Not available.
Volatility: Not available.
Odor Threshold: Not available.
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.
lonicity (in Water): Not available.
Dispersion Properties: Not available.
Solubility: Insoluble in cold water.
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data
Stability: The product is stable.
Instability Temperature: Not available.
Conditions of Instability: Not available.
Incompatibility with various substances: Not available.
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive in presence of glass.
Special Remarks on Reactivity: Not available.
Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available.
Polymerization: No.
p.3
Routes of Entry: Ingestion.
Toxicity to Animals:
Section 11: Toxicological Information
LD50: Not available. LC50: Not available.
Chronic Effects on Humans: The substance is toxic to lungs, mucous membranes.
Other Toxic Effects on Humans:
Hazardous in case of ingestion. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant}, of inhalation.
Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans: Not available.
Ecotoxicity: Not available.
BODS and COD: Not available.
Products of Biodegradation:
Section 12: Ecological Information
Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.
Toxicity of the Products of Blodegradation: The products of degradation are as toxic as the original product.
Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
Section 13: Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal:
Section 14: Transport Information
DOT Classification: Not a DOT controlled material (United States}.
Identification: Not applicable.
Special Provisions for Transport: Not applicable.
Section 15: Other Regulatory Information
Federal and State Regulations:
Pennsylvania RTK: Ferric oxide Massachusetts RTK: Ferric oxide TSCA 8(b} inventory: Fenic oxide
Other Regulations: OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200}.
Other Classifications:
WHMIS (Canada): CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC}.
DSCL (EEC):
This product is not classified according to the EU regulations.
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 1
p.4
Fire Hazard: 0
Reactivity: O
Personal Protection: E
National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):
Health: 1
Flammability: O
Reactivity: 0
Specific hazard:
Protective Equipment:
Gloves. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator
when ventilation is inadequate. Safety glasses.
Section 16: Other Information
References: Not available.
Other Special Considerations: Not available.
Created: 10/09/2005 05:32 PM
Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we
make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume
no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for
their particular purposes. In no event shall Sciencelab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for
lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if Sciencelab.com
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
p.5
A Science Iii,c0.
Chemicals & Laboratory Equipment
Material Safety Data Sheet
Sodium persulfate MSDS
Ile aIth
2
lire
Reactivity 2
Personal
Protection
Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification
Product Name: Sodium persulfate
Catalog Codes: SL51333
CAS#: 7775-27-1
RTECS: SE0525000
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Sodium persulfate
CI#: Not applicable.
Synonym: Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt
Chemical Name: Sodium peroxydisulfate
Chemical Formula: Na2S2O8
Contact Information:
Sclencelab.com, Inc.
14025 Smith Rd.
Houston, Texas 7739E
US Sales: 1-800-901-7247
International Sales: 1-281-441-4400
Order Online::ic,ienceLat}.wm
CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:
1-Z00-424-9300
International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
For non -emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Composition:
Name
Sodium persulfate
CAS #
7775-27-1
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Sodium persulfate LD50: Not available. LC50: Not available.
% by Weight
100
Section 3: Hazards Identification
Potential Acute Health Effects:
Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, sensitizer), of eye contact (irritant). of inhalation. Hazardous in case of
ingestion. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (perrneator). Prolonged exposure may result in skin bums and ulcerations.
Over -exposure by inhalation may cause respiratory irritation. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering,
and itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.
Potential Chronic Health Effects:
Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, sensitizer), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Hazardous in case
of ingestion. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator)_ CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC
EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The
substance is toxic to blood, lungs. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.
Repeated or prolonged inhalation of dust may lead to chronic respiratory irritation.
Section 4: First Aid Measures
p. 1

Eye Contact:
Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately bush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids
open. Cold water may be used. Do not use an eye ointment_ Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact:
After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. Gently and thoroughly wash the contaminated skin with running
water and non-abrasive soap. Be particularly careful to clean folds, crevices, creases and groin. Cold water may be used.
Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. If irritation persists, seek medical attention.
Serious Skin Contact:
Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti -bacterial cream. Seek medical attention.
inhalation: Allow the victim to rest in a well ventilated area. Seek immediate medical attention.
Serious inhalation:
Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If
breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek medical
attention.
Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting_ Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If the victim is not breathing, perform
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation_ Seek immediate medical attention.
Serious Ingestion: Not available.
Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data
Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.
Auto -Ignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Points: Not applicable.
Flammable Limits: Not applicable.
Products of Combustion: Not available.
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Not applicable.
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:
Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product in
presence of static discharge: Not available.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Dangerous in contact with organic materials.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Not available.
='i
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Small Spill: Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container.
Large Spill:
Oxidizing material. Stop leak if without risk. Avoid contact with a combustible material (wood, paper, oil, clothing...). Keep
substance damp using water spray. Do not touch spilled material. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas;
dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal.
Section 7: Handling and Storage
Precautions:
i
p. 2

Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep away from combustible material Do not breathe dust. In case
of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment If you feel unwell, seek medical attention and show the label
when possible. Avoid contact with skin and eyes Keep away from incompatibles such as reducing agents, organic materials,
metals, acids, moisture.
Storage: Oxidizing materials should be stored in a separate safety storage cabinet or room.
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls:
Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended
exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants
below the exposure limit.
Personal Protection:
Splash goggles. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:
Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid
inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this
product.
Exposure Limits: Not available.
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical state and appearance: Solid. (Solid crystalline powder.)
Odor: Odorless.
Taste: Bitter. (Strong.)
Molecular Weight: 238_.1 g/mole
Color: White.
pH (1% soln/water): 7 [Neutral.]
Bolling Point: Not available.
Melting Point: Decomposes.
Critical Temperature: Not available.
Specific Gravity: 2.6 (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable.
Vapor Density: Not available.
Volatility: Not available.
Odor Threshold: Not available.
Water/OIi Dist. Coeff.: Not available.
loniclty (In Water): Not available.
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water.
Solubility:
Soluble in cold water, hot water. Insoluble in methanol, diethyl ether, n-octanol.
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data
p.3
Stability: Unstable.
Instability Temperature: Not available.
Conditions of Instability: Not available.
Incompatibility with various substances:
Highly reactive with reducing agents, organic materials, moisture. Reactive with metals, acids. Slightly reactive to reactive with
alkalis.
Corrosivity:
Corrosive in presence of steel, of aluminum, of zinc, of copper. Non-corrosive in presence of glass.
Special Remarks on Reactivity: Incompatible with alcohols.
Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available.
Polymerization: No.
Section 11: Toxicological Information
Routes of Entry: Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.
Toxicity to Animals:
LOSO: Not available. LCS0: Not available.
Chronic Effects on Humans: The substance is toxic to blood, lungs.
Other Toxic Effects on Humans:
Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, sensitizer), of inhalation. Hazardous in case of ingestion. Slightly hazardous in
case of skin contact (perrneator).
Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: May cause allergic skin reactions with repeated exposure.
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans: CAUTION: Certain sensitive individuals may develop eczema and/or
asthma on exposure to this material.
Ecotoxicity: Not available.
BODS and COD: Not available.
Section 12: Ecological Information
Products of Biodegradation: Possibly hazardous short/long term degradation products are to be expected.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are more toxic.
Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
Section 13: Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal:
Section 14: Transport Information
DOT Classification: CLASS 5.1: Oxidizing material.
Identification: : Sodium persulfate: UN1505 PG: Ill
p.4
Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.
Section 15: Other Regulatory Information
Federal and State Regulations: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Sodium persulfate
Other Regulations: OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).
Other Classifications:
WHMIS (Canada):
CLASS C: Oxidizing material. CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC).
DSCL (EEC):
R38-Irritating to skin. R41-Risk of serious damage to eyes. R43--May cause sensitization by skin contact.
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 2
Fire Hazard: O
Reactivity: 2
Personal Protection: E
National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):
Health: 2
Flammability: 0
Reactivity: 2
Specific hazard:
Protective Equipment:
Gloves. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator
when ventilation is inadequate. Splash goggles.
Section 16: Other Information
References:
-Hawley, G.G .. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11e ed., New York N.Y., Van Nostrand Reinold, 1987. -The Sigma-
Aldrich Library of Chemical Safety Data, Edition II.
Other Special Considerations: Not available.
Created: 10/11/200512:36 PM
Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we
make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume
no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for
their particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for
lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if ScienceLab.com
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
p.5
11/20/2018
GIS Data Viewer
Figure 1. Fryor's Ambulance Service
Disclaimer.. While every effort is made to keep information provided over the interne' accurate and up-to-date, Guilford County does not certify the Map Scale
i ' authenticity or accuracy of such information. No warranties, express or implied, are provided for the records and/or mapping data herein, or for their use or 1 inch = 83 feet
interpretation by the User. I1/20/2018
http:tlgis.gutlfordcountync.govlgulifordJsl 1/1

p MW-3
Benzene r2L•
Toluene ND
E hylbenzene ND
Total Xylenes ND
Total BTEX NO
MTBE ND
IPE ND
Naphthalene NC+
Former Store Building Storage Shed
MW-2
114
_Bent 12ene "vL
Toluene r4L
Ehylbanzene ND
Total X}•tenes ND
Total BTEX ND
MTBE ND
IPE ND
Naphthalene ND
Benzene 4 B MVN-1
Toluene 216
Eth•ibenzene 6.6
Total Xylenes 50,6
71.45
MTBE ND
1PE NO
Naphthalene Ni]
Sampled 6/27/2017
MW-4
Benzene NO
Toluene - J�
Ethylbenzeoe! ND
Total Xylenes ND
Total BIS( ND
MTBE ND
IPE ND
Napnthalene ND
MVV-7
Not Found
High Water Event
Frieden Church Road
MW-9
8
8enzone ND
Toluene N�
Ethyibenzene ND
Total Xylenes ND
Total BTEX ND
MTBE ND
IPE ND
Naphthalene ND
MW-8
penzena
Toluene NE
Ethylbenu4nr
Total Xylenes NS
Total BTEX NS
MT BE NS
IPE NS
Naphthalene NS
Figure 3, Groundwater Concentration Map
Fryer Ambulance Service
6117 Frieden Church Road
Gibsonville, NC
Scale 1" = 20 feet
Thompson Geological
and Environmental
2411 Lawyers Road West
IndianTrail NC 28079

\
Former Store Building
A'
I WWV-3
H
I
Storage Shed
A
,-'A .,-B'
-Ml/'f'Z, : ,' ~ -:::_:~-,L,-,. ______ -------.,--Mvv4 ~ ----========-L MW-1 > ,.-------xcavation Boundary
B
-= ,, , , , E
r I
I --.. ;
NC2L
' '---____ ,
Frieden Church Road
Figure 2. Well Location Map and Benzene Isa. Map
Fryer Ambulance Service
6117 Frieden Church Road
Gibsonville, NC
Scale 1" = 20 feet
MN-7
0
MW-9
8
MW-8
8
Thompson Geological
and Environmental
2411 Lawyers Road West
lndianTrail NC 28079
MW3
Benzene NL'
Toluene N[
Ethylbenzene ND
Total Xylenes ND
Total BTEX ND
r•.7TBE ND
JPE ND
Naohtliaiene 4 '
Former Store Building Storage Shed
MW-2
Benzene ND
Toluene ND
Ethvlbenzene ND
Total Xylenes ND
Total BTEX ND
MTBE ND
IPE ND
Naphthalene ND
Benzene
Toluene 5 5[
Ethylbenzene 1470
Total Xylenes E830
71.45
MTBE ND
I'E ND
NapN!` alene 545
M V-1
Sampled 9/26/2018
Frieden Church Road
MW-4
Benzene "JE
Toluene ND
rm.yibenzene ND
Total Xytenes ND
Total BTEX ND
MTBE ND
IRE ND
Naphthalene ND
MW-7
Not Found
MvV-9
Benzene Np
Toluene
Ethylbenzene ND
Total Xy!enes ND
Total BTE)C ND
MTBE ND
!PE ND
Naphthalene ND
MW-8
Benzene r-i
Toluene NS
Ethyler!zere NS
Total Xy!enes NS
Total BTE X N5
MTBE NS
!PE NS
Naphthalene NS
Figure 3. Groundwater Concentration Map
Fryer Ambulance Service
6117 Frieden Church Road
Gibsonville, NC
Scale I" = 20 feet
Thompson Geological
and Environmental
2411 Lawyers Road West
IndianTrail NC 28079

Former Store Building
•
MW3
81.55
NIW-�' MW-1
81.,99
e2.�8 ' 82:75
82.50
83.16
83.00
Storage Shed
Frieden Church Road
MW-4
81.15
MW-7
81.75
MW-9
81:48 81.50
81.75
MW=8
82.00
82.15
Figure 4 GW Flow Map
Fryer Ambulance Service
6117 Frieden Church Road
Gibsonville, NC
Scale 1" = 20 feet
Thompson Geological
and Environmental
2411 Lawyers Road West
indianTrail NC 28079

A
100 ~~
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
100
95
90
85
I ao __
75
70
65
,· . MWJ ftA\A/3 --~, n --------~ MW-2~-~~--~ : lnjectipn Point : Injection Point -------
' I I I
J I A/-ea b Excavation
A'
::I:
·-...
I
I ·•-•v •
I
i I
l I
I
i I
\ i I
:\ I __),-
l ~ __. \
I ----------------
tte, \Miter appears mounded -1 ~~~area.
I I NC2L
:y
10µg/l
Cross Section A-A' (Fry~ Ambulance)
MW-2
X
----,-------MW, 1
lnjed~n Poi nt ~nPciliit --------M..W1
I Area b Ex~vation
' I
I
I
tte, ~ter appears mounded if exca!tionarea.
I __
I
I
I
c.~ I ~
\ \ · l' : N~2 L
1 I I, !
, r
:\_J / i ! ---------:-::-:-_______ J_ ___ i
~ -~
Figure 5
Cross Section B'-B' Scale 1" = 20' Horizantal
1" =1 O' vertical
Innovative Environmental Tuchnologies, Inc.
Proposal to Perform In-Situ Chemical Oxidation for the Treatment of Source
and Residual Contamination
To
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services
For
Fryers Ambulance Service
6117 Frieden Church Road
Gibsonville, NC 27249
August 2018
Innovative Environmental Technologies, Inc.
6071 Easton Road
Pipersville, PA 18947
[phone]
www.lET-INC.net
September 20th, 2018
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services
Philip R. Thompson, P.G.
Geologist
Dear Mr. Thompson:
Innovative Environmental Technologies Inc. (IET) has completed a remedial design and quotation for the
remediation of groundwater and soil contamination at the site, Fryers Ambulance Service, located in
Gibsonville, North Carolina.
The contaminants of concern at the subject site are mainly gasoline components including Benzene,
Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes, MTBE and Naphthalene. As a result of IET's evaluation of the provided
groundwater plume and analytical data, IET is pleased to provide a quote utilizing an activated persulfate
technology. The following proposal offers the price to implement chemical oxidation with sodium
persulfate activated by ferric oxide. The remedial design is presented as one treatment area that will treat
both source and downgradient contamination across the site.
The lump sum cost for the proposed design is $10,531.00. The solution shall be applied under IET's United
States Apparatus Patent Number 7,044,152.
The following proposal will set-forth a lump sum price for the implementation and follow up of the
remedial process. All costs included in the lump sum price are listed below.
• All chemicals and materials necessary to complete the proposed plan
• All equipment and personnel required to execute the proposed plan
• Handling and Management of materials on site
• Mobilization/Demobilization of the required crews
• All per diem for the required crews
• Health and Safety Plan for the site
• Site Restoration
• Final field injection report
• Final plot of injection points
• Six data analysis reports, based on data provided by Thompson
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
1
Table of Contents
OBJECTIVE ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
AREAA .......•........••..•..........•.••.•......•••....•...........................•....•........•••..•....•••...••....•.••....•....••...••..........•.........• 3
TECHNOLOGY DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................... 4
SCOPE OF WORK .......•......•..........•..........................•......•.....•..............•............•..•...•..............•..•..............•....• 8
SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 10
APPENDIX 1 -SITE MAP ................................................................................................................... 11
APPENDIX 2: DOSAGE CALCULATIONS-AREAA .......................................................................... 12
2
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
OBJECTIVE
It shall be the objective of IET to conduct a chemical oxidation event at the site located in Gibsonville, NC.
A unique ISCO process will be implemented in order to directly oxidize the contaminants of concern and
stimulate a long lasting in-situ bioremediation process. One treatment area is designed to treat residual
contamination present, focused on one monitoring well: MW-1. The proposed treatment area is located
below.
Area A -900 ft
Treatment Vertical 15-30' bgs
.ROI - 8 ft MW..S
1" = 20'
..
F0m1er Store Buikfing
MVIJ-2
8
MW-1 Sampled 1/9/2009
AR Others Sampled 3/15J2009
Storage s~
Frieden Church Road
llllllllJill l fll ll j llll illlllllllll J ll!l rlllllljll llJIIII I
I 2 -_!__ ,a a 6
Figure 1. Proposed Treatment Area
AREAA
Treatment Area A will target a 900 square foot area in the vicinity of monitoring location MW-1. The
treatment area will require 4 injection points based on the injection radii of 8 feet proposed, treating
between 15 and 305 feet below ground surface. Soil concentrations are "low" in Area A; therefore, the soil
Freundlich absorbsion correction is assumed "low'' (IET has assumed the value to be 20%}.
The Freundlich equation is an adsorption isotherm that relates the concentration of a solute on the
surface of an adsorbent to the concentration of the solute in a liquid. The Freundlich equation is used to
determine the theoretical mass of contamination adsorbed to the soil. The mass of contaminant in the
3
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
soil was determined using the soil adsorption correction (item 1). The K constant is a figure relating the
capacity of the adsorbent for an adsorbate and the 1/n constant is a function of the strength of adsorption
(American Water Works Association, Water Quality and Treatment, 1999 ). The Freundlich equation is
listed below:
qe=KCel/n
The theoretical values of Kand 1/n are found in the following references: (Dobbs and Cohen, 1980/Faust
and Aly, 1983).
Dosage calculations for each area are located below in Appendix 2.
TECHNOLOGY DISCUSSION
Oxidation is defined as a chemical process in which electrons are transferred from an atom, ion or
compound. The in-situ chemical oxidation process is designed to destroy organic contaminants either
dissolved in groundwater, sorbed to the aquifer material, or present as free product. Oxidants most
frequently used in chemical oxidation include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium permanganate
(KMnO4), persulfate (Na2OsS2) and ozone (03). Peroxone, which is a combination of ozone and hydrogen
peroxide, is also used. Fenton's Reagent, which is hydrogen peroxide mixed with a metal catalyst,
commonly an iron catalyst, can also be used. In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) can be accomplished by
introducing chemical oxidants into the soil or aquifer at a contaminated site using a variety of injection
and mixing apparatuses. Normally, vertical or horizontal injection wells are used to deliver chemical
oxidants. Ex-situ oxidation is accomplished by pumping groundwater from extraction wells and treating
the groundwater above ground. In the recirculation approach, oxidants can be mixed with the extracted
groundwater, which is subsequently pumped back into the aquifer through injection wells.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of chemical oxidation?
Chemical oxidation offers several advantages over other in-situ or ex-situ remediation technologies
for petroleum compounds:
• The greatest advantages are the rapid treatment time and the ability to treat contaminants present
at high concentrations.
• It is effective on a diverse group of contaminants and can often achieve maximum clean-up results.
What contaminants can be treated with chemical oxidation?
Common contaminants treated by chemical oxidation are amines, phenols, chlorophenols, cyanides,
halogenated aliphatic compounds, mercaptans, BTEX compounds, MTBE and certain. pesticides in
liquid waste streams. Oxidation effectiveness depends on the organic compound.
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
4
Is chemical oxidation safe?
While the use of chemical oxidation can be quite safe if done properly, there are significant potential
hazards. Most oxidants are corrosive. This means that they have the ability to burn the skin and wear
away certain materials. Chemical oxidation also has some disadvantages. The disadvantages are as
follows:
• Oxidation is nonselective. As such, the oxidant will not only react with the target contaminants but
also with substances found in the soil that can be readily oxidized. In the case of gaseous ozone, the
ozone can react with water and decompose to oxygen. Oxygen production can lead to serious
problems such as the development of high pressures below the ground surface and possible
explosions.
• Control of pH, temperature, and contact time is important to ensure the desired extent of oxidation.
How long does chemical oxidation take?
The time required to clean up a contaminated site using chemical oxidation is dependent on the
reactivity of the contaminant with the oxidant, the size and depth of the contaminated zone, the
speed and direction of groundwater flow and type of soils and the conditions present at the
contaminated facility. Generally, chemical oxidation is more rapid than other treatment technologies.
The time scale is usually measured in months, rather than years.
In-situ oxidation uses contact chemistry of the oxidizing agent to react with volatile organic
compounds, munitions, certain pesticides and wood preservatives. The most common oxidizers used
in soil and groundwater remediation are hydrogen peroxide (and the hydroxyl radical), potassium
permanganate, and ozone, which are non-selective oxidizers. Other oxidants are available, but are
used less due to cost, time or potential toxic by-products.
Radical Production
Hydrogen peroxide when in contact with a metal catalyst such as iron (II), which is commonly known
as Fenton's reagent, forms the more powerful oxidizer, the hydroxyl radical. The metal catalyst can
be a variety of substances such as iron oxides within the soil or fill, separately added iron sulfate, and
zero-valent iron particles. Fenton's reagent has been well documented for over 100 years and has
been in use in water treatment plants for well over 50 years (Barb et al., 1950; Stanton et al., 1996).
The chemistry is well documented (Watts, et al, 1991, 1992 and 1994) to destroy petroleum
hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds. Hydrogen peroxide arrives in the field as a liquid
stored in poly drums. When the oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is injected into the subsurface, it
decomposes readily into reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH•), hydroxyl ions (OW) and water (H2O). The
oxidation of a contaminant by hydrogen peroxide involves complex reactions influenced by a number
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
5
of variables, including pH, reaction time, temperature, catalysts, and hydrogen peroxide dosage.
Hydrogen peroxide works best in acidic environments with low alkalinity.
There are also a large number of competing reactions including the free radical scavengers, most
importantly, carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity that will greatly affect the overall reaction scheme.
Although handling hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants requires significant safety training and
planning, the oxidant is effective at remediation and relatively inexpensive. Forensic chemical analysis
from various sites have shown that the hydrogen peroxide reaction tends to work first on the longer
chain carbon sources, including total organic carbon (TOC), rootlets, heavier-end hydrocarbons, prior
to oxidizing the lighter hydrocarbons.
Technology Selection
Persulfate is activated by Fe Ill (pre-mixed formulation: Provect-OX) which requires a lower activation
energy than alternative mechanisms while not consuming the persulfate oxidant. The mechanism is
believed to elevate the oxidation state of the iron transiently to a supercharged iron ion which in itself
may act as an oxidant. As this supercharged iron cation is consumed, the resulting ferric species can act
as a terminal electron acceptor for biological attenuation. Coincidentally, the generated sulfate ion fro!TI
the decomposition of the persulfate provides a terminal electron acceptor for sulfate reducers which may
further remediate the targeted compounds in the groundwater and soils. The reactions that occur in the
chemical oxidation include persulfate radicals and ferrate, as summarized below (Equation 1):
(Eq. 1)
Secondary Attenuation Processes
After dissolved oxygen has been depleted in the treatment area, sulfate (a by-product of the persulfate
oxidation) may be used as an electron acceptor for anaerobic biodegradation by indigenous microbes.
This process is termed sulfidogenesis and results in the production of sulfide. Stoichiometrically, each 1.0
mg/L of sulfate consumed by microbe's results in the destruction of approximately 0.21 mg/L of BTEX
compounds. Sulfate can play an important role in bioremediation of petroleum products, acting as an
electron acceptor in co-metabolic processes as well. For example, the basic reactions for the
mineralization of benzene and toluene under sulfate reducing conditions are presented in equations 2
and 3:
Ci;H5 + 3.75 SQ4 2· + 3 H20 -> 0.37 W + 6 HC03 · + 1.87 HS·+ 1.88 H2S· (Eq. 2)
C1Hs + 4.5 SQ4 2· + 3 H20 --> 0.25 W + 7 HC03 · + 2.25 HS·+ 2.25 H2S· (Eq. 3)
Ferric iron is also used as an electron acceptor during anaerobic biodegradation of many contaminants,
sometimes in conjunction with sulfate. During this process, ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron, which is
soluble in water. Hence, ferrous iron may be used as an indicator of anaerobic activity. As an example,
Stoichiometrically, the degradation of 1 mg/L of BTEX results in the average consumption of
approximately 22 mg/L of ferric iron (or "production" of ferrous iron) as shown below (equations 4-6).
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
6
C6H6 + 18 H2O + 30 Fe 3+ -------> 6 HCO3 -+ 30 Fe 2+ + 36 W (Eq. 4)
C1Hs + 21 H2O + 36 Fe 3+ -------> 7 HCQ3 -+ 36 Fe 2+ + 43 W (Eq. 5)
CaH10 + 24 H2O + 42 Fe 3+ -------> 8 HCQ3 -+ 42 Fe 2+ + 50 W (Eq. 6)
While ferrous iron is formed as a result of the use of the ferric species as a terminal electron acceptor,
residual sulfate is utilized as a terminal electron acceptor by facultative organisms thereby generating
sulfide under these same conditions. Together, the ferrous iron and the sulfide promote the formation of
pyrite as a remedial byproduct (equation 7). This reaction combats the toxic effects of sulfide and
hydrogen sulfide accumulation on the facultative bacteria, while also providing a means of removing
targeted organic and inorganic COis via precipitation reactions. Moreover, pyrite possesses a high number
of reactive sites that are directly proportional to both its reductive capacity and the rate of decay for the
target organics.
Attenuation Process
Sulfate Residual
Fe 2+ + 2s2• -------> FeS2 + 2e (Eq. 7)
After dissolved oxygen has been depleted in the treatment area, sulfate (by-product of the persulfate
oxidation) may be used as an electron acceptor for anaerobic biodegradation. This process is termed
sufanogenesis and results in the production of sulfide. Sulfate concentrations may be used as an indicator
of anaerobic degradation of fuel compounds. Stoichiometrically, each 1.0 mg/L of sulfate consumed by
microbes results in the destruction of approximately 0.21 mg/L of BTEX. Sulfate can play an important
role in bioremediation of petroleum products, acting as an electron acceptor in co-metabolic processes
as well. As an example of benzene mineralization under sulfate reduction:
C&H, + 3.754 soi·+ 3 H20 ➔ 2.25 W + 6HC03-+ 3.75HS"
Based on the data available, the techniques practiced by Innovative Environmental Technologies, Inc. and
proposed herein are expected to greatly decrease residual concentrations at the site and greatly accelerate
the biological mineralization of the petroleum constituents in both the targeted soil and the groundwater of
the site.
7
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
SLOPE OF WORK
Subsurface Pathway Development
initially, compressed air shall be delivered to the subsurface via IET proprietary injection trailer system.
This process step allows for confirmation of open delivery routes while enhancing horizontal injection
pathways. The confirmation of open and viable subsurface delivery pathways insures that upon
introduction of the oxidizer(s) injections will occur freely thus minimizing health and safety risks
associated with oxidant full injection lines and injection tooling when no subsurface delivery route has
been established. Confirmation of open and free pathways is accomplished via observed pressure drops
and fee moving compressed gases to the subsurface.
Oxidant Injection
A colloidal suspension of the ferric -based catalyst Provect-Ox is immediately injected into the subsurface
pathways and voids that were developed during the compressed air injection step, under constant
pressure ranging from 10-110 psi. A small amount of water follows this step in order to rinse the injection
equipment. LET expects the need of the liquid pressures to fall in the range of 30-75 psi in order to
introduce the material into the lithology documented onsite.
Post Liquid Injection — Compressed Air Injection
Lastly, the injection lines are cleared of liquids and all injectants are forced into the created formation and
upward into the vadose zone. This step insures that all material is injected outward into the formation
and minimizes any surface excursions of injectants following the release of the injection pressure.
Once the injection cycle is complete, the injection point is temporarily capped to allow for the pressurized
subsurface to accept the injectants.
Equipment Description
The injections small occur via IErs mobile oxidation injection trailer and IET's direct -push equipment as
described below.
Infection Trailer: IET Self-contained injection trailer, consisting of: two 120 gallon conical tanks capable of
maintaining unto 30% solids as a suspension via lightning mixers; on -board generator, all stainless steel
piping system, 2" pneumatic diaphragm pump with an operating pressure of 110 psi.; on -board 25
CFM/175 psig compressor with 120 gallons of air storage; self contained eye wash and safety shower,
Injection Rods: IET injection rods with retractable injection zones and backflow protection Injection zones
of 18 inches are to be used in combination with 24" injection AWJ-Rods where appropriate.
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services — Gibsonville, NC

IET INJECTION SYSTEM
UNITED STATES PATENT 7,044,152
Injection Trailers Include: Multiple Liquid Feed Systems, Stainless Steel Piping,
Isolated Compressed Gas Containment, Safety Shower, Eyewash Station,
Onboard Generator, Chemical Resistant Construction, Mobile Office Space
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
9
SUMMARY
Innovative Environmental Technologies, Inc. presents this proposal with one treatment area. It is
estimated to cost $10,531.00 to treat the site. It is assumed that it will take 1 day(s) to complete the
remedial program. The lump sum price is independent of the amount of time that the injection event
takes. The lump sum price assumes that there is a viable source of water on-site; if not, additional costs
will be associated with a water truck source.
Cost Basis Summary Units $/Unit Extended Cost
Pounds of Persulfate Required 2100 $1.85 $3,885.00
Pounds Ferric Oxide 420 $1.30 $546.00
Number of Injection Points 4
Mob/Demob 1 $600.00 $600.00
Days of Injection Trailer and Rig (2 Man Crew) 1 $5,500.00 $5,500.00
Total $10,531.00
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
10
APPENDICES:
APPENDIX 1 -SITE MAP
Area A -900 ft
Treatment Vertical 15-30' bgs
.ROI - 8 ft MW-3
.1" = 20'
H
FOimer Store Building
MW-2
8
MW-1 Sampled 1/9/2009
AA others sampled 3J15l2009
Storage Shed
Frieden Church Road
llllllll l j ll 'l fllllJl ltl ll illl lljll l l ll fl Ji illljllil 111,61· I
I 2 _ __!__ ,& ti
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
11
APPENDIX 2: DOSAGE CALCULATIONS-AREAA
Parameters
fargetArea
l,jeclionRadi
Thompson lml. • Glbsonvllle. NC
Soi Absorllslon Correcliln for GAC Qinstant
Area of nflJence af Remediation tjaction(s)
£slmlled lurlJer of lnjBc:IIOnS to Treat Area
vertical ~ted zone
Target Zone
Total Voom, Targsled
Fffllsly
Miss of soil to be targeted
Moss of sol to be targeted
Volurm of Groundwater targeted
Contamnant Cone.
Miss of Contarmant • waler
Mass of Contarmant -water
Miss of Conlarmant-soi
Miss of Conlarrinant-soi
Miss of ContalmentTargeted
Miss .of Cbntarment Targeted
a.lc1Ated sol cone.
Ratio of S203 totargeled Con-pouns
Grarns of sodium persullate
Fbunds of Sodium Pl!rsuWale R,qulnod
Allocation per COR'IIOUnd (persuWa11e)
Total R>unds of Sodium R>rsulfale Requlnod
llecorTp)silion Rate of Sodi.Jm R>rsu~ate
Targeted Longevity of Persullate
Total Pl!rsulfate Celcual!ed dosage
Tola! Fl>unds of Ferric Oxide Requi'ed
Injection Summery
lllnrber of l,jection Locatlons
l,jeclion Dep1h
Fbunds of Rlrsutrale w ilh Longwily
Fbunds of Ferric Oxide
Fbunds of material to be injected
Total Galons to be lijected
Injection Point summary -Num,,.,. of lntwvals
Injection Zones
Fbunds of Sodium Pl!rs!Mate w / longevity
Fbunds of Ferric Oxide
Gal:Jns per hterval
Coat Basis summary
Pound■ of Persulfale llaqulrad
Pounds Ferric Oxide
Num bar of Injection Points
Mob/Demob
Daya o1 lnjec:tion TraRer and Rig (2 Man Craw)
Units
A.XA.
A
%
Sq. A.
#1'1jecliom
A.
OJ.Yd.
%
lbs
grans
gals
ppm
b.
GranB
lb.
Gram;
Gram; ...
ppm -grams
Rlunds
%
Fbunds
%/day
days
pounds
Fl:lunds
Saturated Zone
Assumptions
r
875
8
20
221 .7
4
15
!S-30'
488
15%
1.248-06
5.63Et08
1.48E+04
Benzene
0.05
0.0
2.8
2.5
1150.2
1153.0
2.5
2.0
7
8071.2
17.8
2.11%
892.2
1.10%
120
2100
420
4
10-30'
2100
420
2520
720
4
•
&Benzene
0 .4
0.0
22.4
26.7
12119.7
12142.1
26.7
21.6
7
84994.5
187..2
21.11%
15-1T, 1&-21', 23-25', 27-29'
per Interval 131
per Interval
per Interval
~Its
2100
420
4
1
1
28
45
W,11
$1.85
$1.30
$600.IIO
$5,500.00
Total
2.38
0.53
E:xtended Cost
$3,885.00
$546.00
$&00.00
$5,500.00
$10.s,tJ!II
Toluene Xylene ■
3
0.1 0 .4
56.1 167.9 • • 24.8 72.3
11255.4 32821 .5
11311.4 3291111.4
24.9 72.7
20.1 58.6
7 7
79179.7 230925.7
174.4 508.6
19.5"-' 57.0%
Bags Pl!niulf■te per Interval
!lap Ferric: Oxide par Interval
Gallons
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
TPH-GRO MTBE
0.001 0.005
0.0 0.0
0.1 0.3 r • 0.5 0.1
218.9 53.4
219.0 53.7
0.5 D.1
0.4 D.1
7 7
1533.0 375.8
3.4 0.8
0.4% 0.1%
12
APPENDIX 2: DOSAGE CALCULATIONS-AREA A
Parameters
Target Area
l:ljectionRadi
Thompson B,v. -GlbsonvHle, NC
Sol Absorbsiorl Correction for GAG Constant
Area of lnfkJence of Re..-edialion hjecticn(s)
Estirrated r-llrri>er of Injections to Treat Area
varti:al ilpacted zone
Target Zone
Total Volurre Targeted
Fl:>rosly
Mass of sol to be targeted
Moss of sol to be targeted
Volum, of Groondw ater targeted
Contaninant Cone.
Mass of ContarTinant -water
Miss of Contarrinant -water
Mass of Contaninant -sol
Miss of ContarTinant -<1ol
Mass of ContarTinent Targeted
Mass of Contarment Targeted
Calculated soll cone.
Ratio of 5203 to largeled Co,rpouns
Grams of sodium persulfate
Fl:>unds of Sodium Persulfate Required
Allocation per COIJl)OUnd (persuWate)
Total Fl:>un<ls of Sodium Persulfate Required
Oecorrposilion Rate of So<frum PersuWate
Targeted Longevity of Parsulfate
Total Persullate Galcuahed dosage
Total Fl:>un<ls of Ferric Oxide Requi'ed
Injection Summary
M.nmer of t,jection Locations
hjeclion Depth
Fl:>unds of Persulfate w ilh Longevly
Fl:>unds of Ferric Oxide
Fl:>unds of material to be Injected
Total Galons to be hjected
Injection Point summary-Number of /nlerva/s
Injection Zone&
Fl:>unds of Sodium Persullate w / longevity
Fl:>unds of Ferric Oxide
Gallons per hterval
Cost Basis Summary
Pounds of Persulfate Raqulred
Pounds Ferric Oxide
Imm ber of Injection Points
Mob/Demob
Days of Injection Trailer and Rig (2 Man Crew)
!),its
A.XFI.
R
%
Sq. A.
#hjeclions
R.
Qi.Yd.
%
lbs
grams
gals
ppm
lb.
Grams
lb.
Grams
Gram;
lbs
ppm
Ratio
grams
Fl:>unds
%
Fl:>unds
%/day
days
pounds
Fl:>unds
Saturated Zone
Assumptions
"
875
6
20
221.7
4
15
® 41!6
15%
1.248-06
5.63808
1.48Et04
Benzene
0.05
0.0
2.8
25
1150.2
1153.0
2.5
2.0
7
8071.2
17.8
2.0%
892.2
1.10%
120
2100
420
cz>
420
2520
720
4
"
E-Benzene
0.4
0.0
22.4
26.7
12119.7
12142.1
2&.7
21.6
7
84994.5
187.2
21.0%
15-1T, 19-21', 23-25', XT-2'1
per Interval
per interval
per Interval
!),Its
2100
420
4
1
1
131
26
45
$/Unft
$1.85
$1.3CI
$600.00
$5,SOO.OO
To1al
2.38
0.53
Extended Cost
$3,885.00
$546.00
$600.00
$5,500.00
$10,531.111
Toluene Xylenes
3
0.1 0.4
56.0 167.9
" " 24.8 723
11255A 32821.5
11311A 32989A
24.9 72.7
20.1 58.6
7 7
79179.7 230925.7
174A 508.6
19.5% 57.0%
Bags Persulfate per interval
Bags Fenic Oxide per Interval
Gallons
Thompson Geological and Environmental Services -Gibsonville, NC
TPH-GRO MTBE
0.001 0.005
0,0 0.0
0.1 0.3
" " 0.5 0.1
218.!I 53.4
219.0 53.7
0.5 0.1
0.4 0.1
1 7
1533.0 375.6
3.4 0.8
0A% 0.1%
12