20070965 Ver 1_Application_20070601

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Y`' ~,~
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MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of Neuse Road
Raleigh, NC 27615
May 21, 2007
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LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
ATTN: Mr. Monte Matthews O 7 ®~
NCDOT Coordinator
SUBJECT: Nationwide 23 Permit Application for the Proposed Rest Station in
Wilkes County. Federal Project No. NHS-421(32), WBS Element
36401.1.1, T.I.P. No. K-4703 Division 11.
Dear Mr. Matthews:
Please find enclosed the Categorical Exclusion (CE) for the above referenced project,
Natural Resource Technical Report, half-size design plans, permit drawings, and EEP
confirmation letter. The NCDOT plans to construct a new rest area/ visitors center in Wilkes
County to replace the Watauga rest area bypassed by the construction of the new US 421.
Construction will require the extension of three existing culverts and the placement of one
new culvert resulting in a total of 716 lineaz feet of permanent impacts to 4 streams. No
wetlands occur on the project.
IMPACTS TO WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES
General Description: The project is located in the Yadkin River basin (HUC 03040101) and
will impact unnamed tributaries of Little Cub Creek. Little Cub Creek is assigned a best
usage classification of C, by the N.C. Division of Water Quality. Little Cub Creek is not
designated as a North Carolina Natural or Scenic River, or as a National Wild and Scenic
River, nor is it listed on the 2004 Final 303(d) list. No designated Outstanding Resource
Waters (ORW), High Quality Water (HQW), Water Supply I (WS-I), or Water Supply II
(WS-II) or 303(d) streams occur within 1.0 mile of the project area. No streams classified as
trout waters by the NC Wildlife Resources Commission will be impacted by the project.
Temporary Impacts: No temporary impacts are expected from the proposed project.
Permanent Impacts: Permanent stream impacts will occur at four sites and are described
below.
Site 1: The extension of the existing 48-inch corrugated pipe will result in approximately 196
feet of stream impacts to U'1' 1. The outlet of the existing pipe is perched and the stream has
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone]$ CAPITAL BLVD
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ~ SUITE 240
1$98 MAQ. SERVICE CENTER RALEIGH, NC 27604
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548 WEBSITE: WWW.NCDOT.ORG

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a large scour hole. Therefore, the NCDOT proposes to install a rock cross vane and energy
dissipater so the pipe will no longer be perched and to prevent any additional erosion to the
stream banks.
Site 2: The construction of the exit ramp will require the placement of an 8-inch corrugated
steel pipe that will increase in size to a 36-inch corrugated steel pipe in UT 2, an intermittent
stream channel. Stream impacts will total approximately 278 feet.
Site 3: The extension of the existing 60-inch corrugated metal pipe will result in
approximately 124 feet of stream impacts to UT 3. NCDOT proposes to install a constructed
riffle, cross vane, rock seal, and natural rock energy dissipator to prevent any erosion of the
stream banks at the pipe outlet.
Site 4: The extension of the existing 42-inch corrugated metal pipe will result in
approximately 118 feet of stream impacts to UT 4. The outlet of the existing pipe is perched
and the stream has a large scour hole. Therefore, the NCDOT proposes to install a rock
energy dissipator, constructed riffle, cross vane and rock seal so the pipe will no longer be
perched and to prevent any additional erosion to the stream banks.
Utility Impacts: No impacts will occur due to utility relocations.
PROJECT SCHEDULE
The project is scheduled to let September 16, 2007 and has a review date of August 7, 2007.
FEDERALLY-PROTECTED SPECIES
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered, Threatened, Proposed
Endangered, and Proposed Threatened are protected under provisions of Section 7 and
Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of January 29, 2007, the
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) lists one federally protected species for Wilkes County, the
bog turtle. No biological conclusion is required for the bog turtle because it is listed as
threatened due to similarity of appearance.
AVOIDANCE AND MINIMIZATION:
The NCDOT is committed to incorporating all reasonable and practicable design features to
avoid and minimize jurisdictional impacts, and to provide full compensatory mitigation of all
remaining, unavoidable jurisdictional impacts. Avoidance measures were taken during the
planning and NEPA compliance stages; minimization measures were incorporated as part of
the project design and include:
• Rock energy dissipaters, constructed riffles, cross vanes and rock seals will be used at
two pipe outlets to alleviate the perched outlets and prevent erosion to the stream banks.
• The rest area will be a "Green" building as detailed in the CE.
MITIGATION
Mitigation will be required for 215 feet of impacts at Site 2 at the request of the USACE at a
1:1 ratio for impacts below Station -L2-50+50 (See permit drawing sheet 15 of 15). The
USACE will not require mitigation at Site 1, 3, and 4 because the channels are degraded at
the pipe outlets and because the NCDOT proposes to place constructed riffles, cross vanes
rock seals, and energy dissipaters at the pipe outlets.
Page 2

REGULATORY APPROVALS
Section 404 Permit: This project has been processed by the Federal Highway Administration
as a "Categorical Exclusion." NCDOT is hereby applying for a Clean Water Act Section 404
Nationwide Permit. The NCDOT requests that these activities be authorized by Nationwide
Permit 23.
Section 401 Permit: NCDOT is hereby applying fora 401 Water Quality Certification from
DWQ. We anticipate 401 General Certification number 3403 will apply to this project. All
general conditions of the Water Quality Certifications will be met. Therefore, in accordance
with 15A NCAC 2H, Section .0500(a), we are providing two copies of this application to the
NCDWQ for their notification.
We anticipate that comments from WRC will be required prior to authorization by the Army
Corps of Engineers. By copy of this letter and attachment, NCDOT hereby requests WRC
review and that WRC forward their comments to the Corps of Engineers and NCDOT within
30 calendar days of receipt of this application.
Thank you for your assistance with this project. If you have any questions or need additional
information, please contact Brett Feulner at [e-mail] or [phone].
A copy of this permit application will be posted on the DOT website at:
http://www.ncdot. ors/doh/preconstruct/pe/neu/permit.html.
Sincerely,
~~
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D. Environmental Management Director,
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc: w/attachment
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ (2 Copies) Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Ms. Marla Chambers, NCWRC Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Ms. Marella Buncick, USFWS Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Victor Barbour, P.E. Project Services Mr. Heath Slaughter, Div 11 DEO
Mr. Michael Pettyjohn, P.E. Division 11 Engineer
w/o attachment
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Majed Alghandour, P. E., Prog. and TIP Mr. Scott McLendon, USACE, Wilmington
Ms. Beth Harmon, EEP Mr. Ryan White, E.I.T., PDEA
Mr. Todd Jones, NCDOT External Audit Branch
Page 3

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NAMES AND
PARCEL ND.
NAMES
ADDRESSES
ADDRESSES
® Lester Wilfong, Jr. 252 E. Edgewood Mill Ind.
Wilkesboro, N.C.
228697
O Bessie Harris, eE al 675 Camp Joe Harris Rd.
C % ® Mary Smith N. Wilkesboro, N.C.
28659
® James Wilson Harris 1195 Camp Joe Harris lid.
N. Wilkesboro, N.C.
28659

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CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION ACTION CLASSIFICATION FORM
TIP Project No.
State Project No.
Federal Project No.
K-4703
36401.1.1
NHS-421(32)
Proiect Description: (Include project scope and location and refer to the attached
project location map.)
Vistors Center /Rest Area located on new location to replace bypassed rest area
on old US 421.. The proposed Rest Area /Visitor's Center will be constructed on
a 22-acre site.
PurRose and Need:
The primary responsibility of the state to persons using the highway system is
safety. Rest areas are an important instrument for the safety of the highway
system. Accident reduction is the primary function of a rest area. Greater
highway safety is a major benefit of establishing rest azeas, through safe off-road
locations for motorists to rest, sleep, change drivers, and check vehicle loads
and/or minor mechanical problems. Additional benefits for motorists aze relief
from extended travel periods, increased comfort and convenience, and locations
for public agencies to communicate with travelers. The new Wilkes County
facility will replace the Watauga rest azea on old US 421 that was bypassed when
the new US 421 was opened. The Watauga County facility will be permanently
closed.
Well-designed, well-maintained rest areas also create a positive image for out-of-
state travelers and enhance the quality of life for state residents. They provide
opportunities for DOT and tourism groups to communicate with motorists in
promoting state and local programs. They also provide road and weather
information and directional services such as maps, routing suggestions, traffic
incident warnings, and road construction schedules.
The Wilkes County rest azea/visitor center will also be the NCDOT's first
"Green" building experience. The term "Green" refers to more environmentally
friendly practices than in normal building design and construction. Many
buildings today have some forms of "Green" design. The Leadership in Energy
and Environmental Design (LEED) program has a checklist of items you can
incorporate that allow you to earn additional points. A project can be certified
with as few as 26 points, or it can receive a platinum certification with 52-69
points. The planning is in process for a LEED certified project that will utilize
environmentally sustainable products and practices. When the project is
complete, it should be an educational experience for the public and for the
Department of Transportation, in addition to its primary purpose of safety.
Proposed Improvements:
Circle one or more of the following Type II improvements which apply to the
project:
1. Modernization of a highway by resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation,
reconstruction, adding shoulders, or adding auxiliary lanes (e.g., parking,
weaving, turning, climbing).

a. Restoring, Resurfacing, Rehabilitating, and Reconstructing
pavement (3R and 4R improvements)
li:' Widening roadway and shoulders without adding through lanes
c: Modernizing gore treatments
d. Constructing lane improvements (merge, auxiliary, and turn lanes)
e. Adding shoulder drains
f. Replacing and rehabilitating culverts, inlets, and drainage pipes,
including safety treatments
g. Providing driveway pipes
h. Performing minor bridge widening (less than one through lane)
2. Highway safety or traffic operations improvement projects including the
installation of ramp metering control devices and lighting.
a. Installing ramp metering devices
b. Installing lights
c. Adding or upgrading guardrail
d. Installing safety barriers including Jersey type barriers and pier
protection
e. Installing or replacing impact attenuators
f. Upgrading medians including adding or upgrading median barriers
g. Improving intersections including relocation and/or realignment
h. Making minor roadway realignment
i. Channelizing traffic
j. Performing clear zone safety improvements including removing
hazards and flattening slopes
k. Implementing traffic aid systems, signals, and motorist aid
1. Installing bridge safety hardware including bridge rail retrofit
3. Bridge rehabilitation, reconstruction, or replacement or the construction of
grade separation to replace existing at-grade railroad crossings.
a. Rehabilitating, reconstructing, or replacing bridge approach slabs
b. Rehabilitating or replacing bridge decks
c. Rehabilitating bridges including painting (no red lead paint), scour
repair, fender systems, and minor structural improvements
d. Replacing a bridge (structure and/or fill)
4. Transportation corridor fringe parking facilities.
O Construction of new truck weigh stations or rest areas.
6. Approvals for disposal of excess right-of--way or for joint or limited use of
right-of--way, where the proposed use does not have significant adverse
impacts.
7. Approvals for changes in access control.
8. Construction of new bus storage and maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such
construction is not inconsistent with existing zoning and located on or near
a street with adequate capacity to handle anticipated bus and support
vehicle traffic.
2

9. Rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing rail and bus buildings and
ancillary facilities where only minor amounts of additional land aze
required and there is not a substantial increase in the number of users.
10. Construction of bus transfer facilities (an open azea consisting of
passenger shelters, boarding areas, kiosks and related street
improvements) when located in a commercial area or other high activity
center in which there is adequate street capacity for projected bus traffic.
11. Construction of rail storage and maintenance facilities in azeas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such
construction is not inconsistent with existing zoning and where there is no
significant noise impact on the surrounding community.
12. Acquisition of land for hardship or protective purposes, advance land
acquisition loans under section 3(b) of the UMT Act. Hardship and
protective buying will be permitted only for a particulaz pazcel or a limited
number of parcels. These types of land acquisition qualify for a CE only
where the acquisition will not limit the evaluation of alternatives,
including shifts in alignment for planned construction projects, which may
be required in the NEPA process. No project development on such land
may proceed until the NEPA process has been completed.
D. ~ecial Project Information: (Include Environmental Commitments and Permits
Required.)
Construction is likely to be authorized by Nationwide Permits (NWP) Number 23
(Categorical Exclusion) and 33 (Temporary Construction, Access, and Dewatering).
The project will also require a 401 Water Quality Certification Number 3361 from
the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources prior to issuance of the
NWP 23.
E. Threshold Criteria
The following evaluation of threshold criteria must be completed for Type II
actions
ECOLOGICAL YES NO
(1) Will the project have a substantial impact on any
unique or important natural resource? X
(2) Does the project involve habitat where federally
listed endangered or threatened species may occur? X
(3) Will the project affect anadromous fish? ^
X
(4) If the project involves wetlands, is the amount of
permanent and/or temporary wetland taking less than
one-tenth (1/10) of an acre and have all practicable measures ^
to avoid and minimize wetland takings been evaluated? X

T

(5) Will the project require the use of U. S. Forest Service lands?
X
(6) Will the quality of adjacent water resources be adversely
impacted by proposed construction activities? X
(7) Does the project involve waters classified as Outstanding Water
Resources (OWR) and/or High Quality Waters (HQW)? X
(8) Will the project require fill in waters of the United States
in any of the designated mountain trout counties? X
(9) Does the project involve any known underground storage
tanks (UST's) or hazardous materials sites? X
PERMITS AND COORDINATION YES NO
(10) If the project is located within a CAMA county, will the
project significantly affect the coastal zone and/or any
"Area of Environmental Concern" (AEC)? X
(11) Does the project involve Coastal Barrier Resources Act
resources? X
(12) Will a U. S. Coast Guard permit be required? ^
X
(13) Will the project result in the modification of any existing
regulatory floodway? X
(14) Will the project require any stream relocations or channel
changes? X
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES YES NO

(15) Will the project induce substantial impacts to planned
growth or land use for the area? X
(16) Will the project require the relocation of any family or
business? ~ X
(17) Will the project have a disproportionately high and adverse
human health and environmental effect on any minority or
low-income population? X
(18) If the project involves the acquisition of right of way, is the

amount of right of way acquisition considered minor? ^
X
(19) Will the project involve any changes in access control? ^
X
4

(20) Will the project substantially alter the usefulness
and/or land use of adjacent property? X
(21) Will the project have an adverse effect on permanent
local traffic patterns or community cohesiveness? X
(22) Is the project included in an approved thoroughfare plan
and/or Transportation Improvement Program (and is, ^
therefore, in conformance with the Clean Air Act of 1990)? X
(23) Is the project anticipated to cause an increase in traffic
volumes? X
(24) Will traffic be maintained during construction using existing ^
roads, staged construction, or on-site detours? X
(25) If the project is a bridge replacement project, will the bridge
be replaced at its existing location (along the existing facility)
and will all construction proposed in association with the
bridge replacement project be contained on the.existing facility? N/A
(26) Is there substantial controversy on social, economic, or
environmental grounds concerning the project? X
(27) Is the project consistent with all Federal, State, and local laws ^
relating to the environmental aspects of the project? X
(28) Will the project have an "effect" on structures/properties
eligible for or listed on the National Register of Historic Places? X
(29) Will the project affect any archaeological remains which are ^
(31) Will the project result in any conversion of assisted public
recreation sites or facilities to non-recreation uses, as defined
by Section 6(f) of the Land and Water Conservation Act
of 1965, as amended? X
(32) Will the project involve construction in, across, or adjacent
to a river designated as a component of or proposed for
inclusion in the Natural System of Wild and Scenic Rivers? X
important to history or pre-history? X
(30) Will the project require the use of Section 4(f) resources
(public parks, recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges,
historic sites, or historic bridges, as defined in Section 4(f)
of the U. S. Department of Transportation Act of 1966)? X
F.
(Discussion regarding all unfavorable responses in Part E should be provided
below. Additional supporting documentation may be attached, as necessary.)

i ..
G. CE Apprtlval
TIP Project No. K-4703
State Project No. 36401.1.1
Federal-Aid Project No. NHS-421(32)
Project Description: (Include project scope and location. Attach location map.)
Vistors Center /Rest Area located on new location to replace bypassed rest area
on old US 421.. The proposed Rest Area /Visitor's Center will be constructed on
a 22-acre site.
Categorical Exclusion Action Classification: (Check one)
TYPE II(A)
X TYPE II(B)
Approved:
a
Da
a ~a~f /0 6
Date
2/Zy 06
Date
0..
Teresa A. Hart, PE
Assistant Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Project D~elopment and Environmental Analysis Branch
Jars F. Bridges
Project Engineer
Ryan L. White, EIT
Project Development Engineer
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
For Type II(B) projects only:
ate Division Administrator ~
~~ Federal Highway Administration
6

~ ...~
i Stow 1l1l
•~ MO f1(C/T
verf :f. Pr.
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' ~ ?sly
CIS: v I t..,~,.. ~
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'~ lelfrn: F.. r mr 1 .I. r 1 I fll- rlll ~df ng 1 ~'1d/ IRn
4'S ~due.St n n 1 , ~1 n .
__ ~roo on
~~ ^ rr51 r,.. ~' t 1 ; xJ NFU~,7 r_~ hii~
~r Q1 ~: ~ ._~ N tf ~.
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~- ..~^ Fcr nor 13 ~ `dliS.. ~i ,Tr t
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~"°' ^~ NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT
is OF TRANSPORTATION
\~~ DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS BRANCH
REST AREA ON NEW LOCATION
TO REPLACE BYPASSED
REST AREA ON OLD US 421
WILKES COUNTY
T.I.P. PROJECT K-4703
FIGUREI: VICINITY MAP
/ '

PROPOSED NEW VISITOR CENTER
ON US 421
WILKES COUNTY
Natural Resources Technical Report
Tip No. K-4703
WBS Element 36401.1.1
Federal-Aid Project NHS-421(32)
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
y~P~~OP t,-ORTH C 9q0~ 9
~t
0
A
T .SP
9P~rF'YP OF TR ANSyQ4 ~
October 11, 2004
August 2004

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION ................................................................................................................. PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1
1.1 Project Description .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Project Purpose ................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Methodology ....................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Qualifications of the Principal Investigator ........................................................ 3
1.5 Terminology and Definitions .............................................................................. 3
2.0 PHYSICAL RESOURCES ....................................................................................... 3
2.1 Soils .................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Water Resources ................................................................................................. 4
2.2.1 Physical Characteristics of Water Resources ......................................... 4
2.2.2 Best Usage Classification ....................................................................... 4
2.2.3 Water Quality ......................................................................................... 5
2.2.3.1 General Watershed Characteristics ............................................ 5
2.2.3.2 Basin-wide Assessment Report .................................................. 5
2.2.3.3 Section 303(d) Impaired Waters ................................................ 5
2.2.3.4 Point Source Discharge Permits ................................................. 6
2.2.3.5 Non-Point Source Discharge ...................................................... 6
2.2.4 Water Resource Impacts ......................................................................... 6
3.0 BIOTIC RESOURCES ............................................................................................. 7
3.1 Terrestrial Communities ..................................................................................... 7
3.1.1 Dry Mesic Oak-Hickory Forest .............................................................. 8
3.1.2 Mixed Hardwood Pine Forest ................................................................ 8
3.1.3 Maintained Areas ................................................................................... 8
3.1.4 Abandoned Field .................................................................................... 8
3.1.4 Faunal Component ............................................................................... 11
3.2 Aquatic Communities ....................................................................................... 11
3.3 Summary of Anticipated Impacts ...................................................................... 12
3.3.1 Terrestrial Communities ....................................................................... 12
3.3.2 Aquatic Communities .......................................................................... 12
4.0 JURISDICTIONAL TOPICS .................................................................................13
4.1 Waters of the United States ............................................................................... 13
4.1.1 Characteristics of Wetlands and Surface Waters ................................. 13
4.1.2 Summary of Anticipated Impacts ......................................................... 13
4.2 Permit Issues ..................................................................................................... 13
4.2.1 Mitigation .............................................................................................14
4.2.1.1 Avoidance ................................................................................ 14
11
August 1004

4.2.1.2 Minimization ............................................................................ 14
4.2.1.3 Compensation ........................................................................... 15
4.3 Rare and Protected Species ............................................................................... 15
4.3.1 Species Under Federal Protection ........................................................ 15
4.3.2 Federal Species of Concern and State Status ....................................... 17
5.0 CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................... 17
6.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 19
TABLES
Table lA: Estimated Area of Terrestrial Communities in Project Alternative 2 ................ 7
Table 1B: Estimated Area of Terrestrial Communities in Project Alternative 3 ................ 8
Table 2. Species under Federal Protection in Wilkes County .......................................... 15
Table 3. Federal Species of Concern for Wilkes County ................................................. 17
FIGURES
Figure 1. Vicinity Map .........................................................................................................2
Figure 2A. Site 2- Natural Communities .............................................................................9
Figure 2B. Site 3- Natural Communities ................................................:..........................10
August 2004
111

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Natural Resources Technical Report (NRTR) is prepared by the North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) prior to the preparation of a Categorical
Exclusion (CE) for the proposed project. The purpose of this technical report is to
inventory, catalog, and describe the various natural resources likely to be impacted by the
proposed action. The report also attempts to identify and estimate the likely consequences
of the anticipated impacts to these resources. These descriptions and estimates are
relevant only in the context of the preliminary design concepts. It may become necessary
to conduct additional field investigations should design parameters and criteria change.
1.1 Project Description
The proposed project involves the construction of a new Visitor's Center on US 421 in
Wilkes County. In the project area US 421 is a four lane dived highway with controlled
access. The current let date for the project is October 18, 2005. The project is located in
central Wilkes County, about 1 miles south of Wilkesboro, NC (Figure 1). Four project
alternatives were originally developed however Alternative 1 and Alternative 4 have been
dropped from further consideration. Alternatives 2 and 3 are the only alternatives and are
addressed in this NRTR. Both sites are located on the north side of US 421 between US
421 Business/ NC 115 and NC 18.
1.2 Project Purpose
The purpose of this technical report is to inventory, catalog, and describe the various
natural resources likely to be impacted by the proposed project. This report attempts to
identify and estimate the probable consequences of the anticipated impacts to these
resources. Recommendations are made for measures that will minimize resource impacts.
These descriptions are relevant only in the context of current design concepts. If design
parameters and criteria change, additional field investigations may need to be conducted.
1.3 Methodology
Research was conducted prior to field investigations. Published resource information
pertaining to the project area was gathered and reviewed. Resources utilized in this
preliminary investigation of the project area include:
• Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangle maps (Wilkesboro).
• NCDOT aerial photographs of the project area (1:1200).
• USDA Soil Conservation Service, currently known as Natural Resource Conservation
Service, Soil Survey of Wilkes County, North Carolina (1994).
• NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis Environmental Sensitivity Base
Maps of Wilkes County (1995).
Water resource information was obtained from publications of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR, 2003). Information concerning the
occurrence of federal and state protected species in the study area was obtained from the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) list of protected and candidate species
August 2004

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(January 29, 2003) and from the N.C. Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) database of
rare species and unique habitats. NCNHP files were reviewed for documented
occurrences of state or federally listed species and locations of significant natural areas.
A general field survey was conducted at both project alternative sites by NCDOT
biologist Brett Feulner and Matt Haney on June 8, 2004. Water resources were identified
and their physical characteristics were recorded. Plant communities and their associated
wildlife were identified using a variety of observation techniques, including active
searching, visual observations, and identifying characteristic signs of wildlife (sounds,
tracks, scats, and burrows). Terrestrial community classifications generally follow
Schafale and Weakley (1990) where appropriate, and plant nomenclature follows Radford
et al. (1968). Animal taxonomy follows Martof, et al. (1980), Menhenick (1991), Potter,
et al. (1980), and Webster, et al. (1985). Vegetative communities were mapped utilizing
aerial photography of the project site. Predictions regarding wildlife community
composition involved general qualitative habitat assessment based on existing vegetative
communities.
Jurisdictional wetlands, if present, were identified and evaluated based on criteria
established in the "Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual" (Environment
Laboratory, 1987) and "Guidance for Rating the Values of Wetlands in North Carolina"
(Division of Environmental Management, 1995). Wetlands were classified based on the
classification scheme of Cowardin, et al. (1979).
1.4 Qualifications of the Principal Investigator
Investigator: Brett Feulner
Education B.S. Forest Management, NCSU 2001
Experience Environmental Biologist, NCDOT 2/03- Present
Environmental Scientist. LandMark Design Group 6/01-12/02
Expertise Natural resource surveys, wetland delineation and clean water act
section 401 and 404, and CAMA permitting
1.5 Terminology and Definitions
For the purposes of this report, the following terms are used for describing the limits of
natural resources investigations. "Project area" denotes the two areas bounded by the
proposed right-of--way limits. The "project vicinity" is an area extending 1 mile on all
sides of the project area, and "project region" is an area equivalent in size to the area
represented by a 7.5-minute USGS quadrangle map with the project study area occupying
the central position.
2.0 PIiYSICAL RESOURCES
The project area lies in the western portion of North Carolina within the Blue Ridge and
Piedmont physiographic provinces of the Appalachian Mountain System. Elevations in
the project area are between 1,100 and 1,200 feet above mean sea level (National
Geodetic Vertical Datum 1929). The topography of the project vicinity is characteristic of
August 2004
3

f
areas in the foothills and includes moderate to steep slopes with deep soils. The proposed
project is in a rural area in Wilkes County approximately 1 mile south of the city limits of
Wilkesboro, NC. Land use in the project region is a mixture of forestland with urban
development.
2.1 Soils
Information about soils in the project azea was taken from maps and descriptions
provided by the Wilkes County Soil Survey Office (USDA-SCS 1997). The provisional
map units in the project area are listed below. None of the soils in the project area are on
the NRCS list of hydric soils for North Carolina.
• Pacolet sandy clay loam: This gently sloping to strongly sloping, very deep, well
drained soil is on found on side slopes and ridge tops in the piedmont. Included with
this soil-mapping unit aze small areas of Bethlehem, Chewlaca and Rion soils. This
soil is the most predominant soil found in both alternatives. Within Alternative 2
Pacolet soil series is found within all community types on the western boundary and
on the eastern boundary. Within Alternative 3 Pacolet is found in the eastern 3/ of the
project area.
• Pacolet sandy loam: This moderately steep, very deep, well drained soil is on found
on side slopes in the piedmont. Included with this soil-mapping unit are small azeas
of Wateree and Rion soils. This soil is found in Alternative 2 surrounding the pond.
• Rion fine sandy loam: This moderately steep, very deep, well drained soil is on
found on side slopes and narrow ridge tops in the piedmont. Included with this soil-
mapping unit are Pacolet, Wateree, Wedowee, Ashler, Bethlehem, and Chewacla.
This soil is found within Alternative 3 on the western edge of the project.
2.2 Water Resources
This section contains information concerning water resources likely to be impacted by the
proposed project. Water resource assessments include the physical characteristics
(determined by field survey), best usage classifications, and water quality aspects of the
water resources. Probable impacts to surface waters are also discussed, as well as means
to minimize impacts.
2.2.1 Physical Characteristics of Water Resources
The project is located in the Yadkin River basin (USGS HUC 03040101). There is one
water resource within the project study azea; a man made pond that flows into an
Unnamed Tributary to Little Cub Creek (UT). The pond originates on site and is feed by
storm water runoff from US 421 and groundwater. The UT originates at the outlet of the
man made pond, just outside the northern edge of the project boundary. The UT then
flows downstream into Little Cub Creek approximately two miles downstream.
2.2.2 Best Usage Classification
Surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a classification by the Division of Water
Quality (DWQ) that is designed to maintain, protect, and enhance water quality within the
state. Little Cub Creek [Stream Index # 12-41-1(2)] is classified as a Class C water body
August 2004
4

(NCDENR, 2003b). Class C waters are protected for aquatic life propagation and
survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture. Secondary recreation
includes wading, boating, and other uses involving human body contact with water where
such activities take place in an infrequent, unorganized, or incidental manner. There are
no restrictions on watershed development activities. No waters classified as Iligh
Quality Waters (HQW), Water Supplies (WS-I or WS-II) or Outstanding Resource
Waters (ORW) occur within 1.0 mile of the project study area.
Little Cub Creek is not considered estuarine water; therefore there will be no impacts to
Essential Fish Habitat associated with the proposed project.
2.2.3 Water Quality
This section describes the quality of the water resources within the project area. Potential
impacts to water quality from point and non-point sources are evaluated. Water quality
assessments are based upon published resource information and field study observations.
2.2.3.1 General Watershed Characteristics
The project area is in apredominately-forested watershed. However, to the north
Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro are developed. Non-point source runoff from adjacent
landscaping, and roadways is likely to be the primary source of water quality degradation
to the water resources located within the project vicinity. Nutrient loading from
fertilizers, contaminants and roadway runoff, and septic systems could affect water
quality. No straight-piping was observed in the project area.
2.2.3.2 Basin-wide Assessment Report
Basin-wide water quality assessments are conducted by the Environmental Sciences
Branch, Water Quality Section of the DWQ. The program has established monitoring
stations for sampling selected benthic macroinvertebrates, which are known to have
varying levels of tolerance to water pollution. An index of water quality can be derived
from the number of taxa present and the ratio of tolerant to intolerant taxa. Streams can
then be given a bioclassification ranging from Poor to Excellent.
There are no macroinvertebrate-monitoring stations within one mile of the project area.
There are two Benthic Macroinvertebrate sampling locations on the Yadkin River located
between five and six miles downstream of the convergence of Cub Creek and the Yadkin
River. The first station is located approximately five miles downstream and was last
evaluated in June 1993 and received a rating of Good. The second station is located
approximately six miles downstream and was evaluated in June 1993 and received a
rating of Good-Fair. In the project vicinity, the Yadkin River is classified by the DWQ as
Fully Supporting its best intended use.
2.2.3.3 Section 303(d) Impaired Waters
North Carolina's Clean Water Act (CWA) §303(d) List (NCDENR 2002b) is a
comprehensive public accounting of all impaired water bodies. An impaired water body
is one that is damaged by pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and fecal coliform
5
August 2004

Y
bacteria, or by hydromodification and habitat degradation. The source of impairment
might be from point sources, non-point sources and atmospheric deposition. The
standards violation might be due to an individual pollutant, multiple pollutants, or an
unknown cause of impairment. This list is compiled by the North Carolina Division of
Water Quality and submitted to the EPA by April 1 of every even year.
No water resources in the project area aze designated as biologically impaired water
bodies regulated under the provisions of CWA §303(d). The project does not drain to any
CWA §303(d) listed waters, nor are any listed waters within 1 mile of the project.
2.2.3.4 Point Source Discharge Permits
Point source dischazges in North Cazolina are regulated through the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program administered by the DWQ. All
dischazgers are required to obtain a permit to discharge. There is one permit issued to
dischazge in the UT. Wilkes County Schools holds Permit NC51047. This discharge is
located immediately downstream of the project azea.
2.2.3.5 Non-Point Source Discharge
Unlike pollution from industrial and sewage treatment, non-point source (NPS) pollution
comes from many non-discrete sources. As rainfall or snowmelt runoff moves over the
earth's surface, natural and man-made pollutants aze picked up, carried, and ultimately
deposited into lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters, and groundwater. Non-point source
pollution includes fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides from farms and residential
areas; hydrocarbons or other chemicals from urban runoff; sediments from construction
sites, land clearing, and eroding stream banks; bacteria and nutrients from livestock,
animal wastes, and faulty septic systems; and atmospheric deposition. The effects of NPS
pollutants on water resources vary, and in many instances, may not be known. These
pollutants generally have harmful effects on drinking water supplies, recreation, wildlife,
and fisheries.
NCDOT biologists conducted a visual observation of potential NPS dischazges located
within and near the project study area. Atmospheric deposition from passing vehicles;
fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides from nearby residential and commercial areas; and
hydrocarbon and chemical runoff from nearby roadways were identified as potential
sources of NPS pollution neaz the project area. Overall, the threat of non-point source
discharge is moderate in the project area. The town of Wilkesboro and the and
development surrounding the city have the potential to generate pollutants described
above.
2.2.4 Water Resource Impacts
Any action that affects water quality can adversely affect aquatic organisms. Temporary
impacts during construction may result in long-term impacts to the aquatic community.
Project construction may result in the following impacts to surface water resources on site
and off site:
6
August 2004

• Increased sediment loading and siltation as a consequence of watershed vegetation
removal, erosion, and/or construction.
• Decreased light penetration/water clarity from increased sedimentation.
• Changes in water temperature with vegetation removal.
• Changes in the amount of available organic matter with vegetation removal.
• Increased concentration of toxic compounds from highway runoff, construction
activities and construction equipment, and spills from construction equipment.
• Alteration of water levels and flows as a result of interruptions and/or additions to
surface and groundwater flow from construction.
Construction impacts may not be restricted to the communities in which the construction
activity occurs, but may also affect downstream communities. Efforts will be made to
ensure that no sediment leaves the construction site. NCDOT's Best Management
Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters will be implemented, as applicable, during
the construction phase of the project to ensure that no sediment leaves the construction
site.
3.0 BIOTIC RESOURCES
Terrestrial and aquatic communities are included in the description of biotic resources.
Living systems described in the following sections include communities among
associated plants and animals. These descriptions refer to the dominant flora and fauna in
each community and the relationships among these biotic components. Descriptions of
the terrestrial systems are presented in the context of plant community classifications.
These classifications follow Schafale and Weakley (1990) where possible. Representative
animal species that are likely to occur in these habitats (based on published range
distributions) are also cited. Scientific nomenclature and common names (when
applicable) are used for the plant and animal species described. Subsequent references to
the same species are by the common name only. Fauna observed during field
investigations are denoted with an asterisk (*).
3.1 Terrestrial Communities
Four terrestrial communities occur within the project area, a dry mesic oak hickory forest,
and a mixed hardwood white pine forest, maintained areas and an abandoned field
(Figure 2A and 2B). Table lA and Table 1B shows the relative abundance of each
community type in the project study area. Dominant faunal components associated with
this terrestrial area are discussed following the community descriptions.
Table lA: Estimated Area of Terrestrial C nmmnnitiPC in Prr.;ant Altar.,~ti~,n 7
Communi Acres
D Mesic Oak Hicko Forest 1.49
Mixed Hardwood Pine Forest 0.30
Maintained Areas 0.27
Abandoned Field -
TotalIm act 2.06
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7

Table 1B: Estimated Area of Terrestrial Communities in Proiect Alternative 3
Communi Acres
D Mesic Oak Hicko Forest 1.93
Mixed Hardwood Pine Forest -
Maintained Areas -
Abandoned Field 0.10
TotalIm act 2.03
3.1.1 Dry Mesic Oak-Hickory Forest
The Dry Mesic Oak Hickory Forest is found in both alternatives and is the most abundant
community found in the project study area. Tree species found in the canopy include
yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), white oak (Quercus alba), red oak (Q. rubra)
black cherry (Prunus serotina), pignut hickory (Carya glabra) and eastern red cedar
(Juniperus virginiana). The shrub and herbaceous layer is composed of juvenile species
found in the canopy as well as sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), deer berry (Vaccinium
stamineum), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), and
red maple (Ater rubrum).
3.1.2 Mixed Hardwood Pine Forest
The Mixed Hardwood Pine Forest is found in Alternative 2 in the southwest corner.
Vegetation found in this community is similar to the vegetation found in the adjacent dry
mesic oak-hickory forest. The presence of white pine (Pinus strobus) as one of the
common tree species distinguishes this community. Other tree species that make up the
canopy layer include white oak, yellow poplaz, red oak, and umbrella magnolia
(Magnolia tripetala). The shrub and herbaceous layer is composed of juvenile species
found in the canopy as well as red maple, deer berry sourwood, smilax (Smilax
rotundifolia), and American holly (Ilex opaca).
3.1.3 Maintained Areas
This community is found in Alternative 2 to the west of the man made pond. This area
contained a vacant house and other associated structures. This community appears to be
mowed several times a year. Species observed in this community include fescue (Festuca
sp.), rye grass (Lolium sp.), golden rod (Solidago sp.), wingstem (Actinomeris
alternifolia), oxeye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), multiflora rose, and
lespedeza (Lespedeza sp.).
3.1.4 Abandoned Field
This community is found in the central portion of Alternative 3. This community is
similar to the maintained community found in Alternative 2, however this azea has not
been regularly maintained, and woody vegetation is becoming established. Juvenile trees
found in this community includes yellow poplar, and Virginia pine (P. virginiana). Other
species found in the abandoned field include milkweed (Asclepias sp.), broom sedge
(Andropogon virginicus), blackberry (Rubus argutus), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera
japonica), trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), ox-eye daisy, goldenrod, and privet
(Ligustrum sininse).
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8

3.1.4 Faunal Component
Species that prefer open areas to feed and nest in can be found in the disturbed
communities. The European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and American robin (Turdus
migratorius) are common birds that use these habitats to find insects, seeds, and worms.
The American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and the Virginia opossum (Didelphis
virginiana) are true opportunists and will eat virtually any edible items including
vegetation, fruits, seeds, insects, and carrion.
Many species are highly adaptive and may utilize the edges of forests and clearings or
prefer a mixture of habitat types. The Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) prefers a
mix of herbaceous and woody vegetation and maybe found in the dense shrub vegetation
and out in the roadside, and residential areas. White-tailed deer* (Odocoileus
virginianus) will utilize forested areas as well as the adjacent open areas. Indigo bunting
(Passerina cyanea) and common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) are Neotropical
migrants that inhabit dense, shrubby vegetation along transitional areas. Blue jays
(Cyanocitta cristata), American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis), Northern cardinals
(Cardinalis cardinalis), song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), white-throated sparrows
(Zonotrichia albicollis), and bluebirds (Sialia sialis) also utilize edge habitat.
The riparian areas such as those along the man made pond are preferred habitat for
semiaquatic species such as beaver (Castor canadensis). Raccoons* (Procyon lotor) are
also frequently found near ponds. Many other vertebrate species, including those listed in
the paragraphs above, will be found in riparian areas searching for water.
Forested areas are important habitat for many species. Neotropical migratory birds, in
particulaz, are dependent on these azeas. The ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), red-eyed
vireo (Vireo olivaceus), eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), and rock vole
(Microtus crotorrhinus) prefer the dry woods such as the slopes of the hazdwood
communiey previously described. In the leaf litter of forested habitats, the Northern
short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) and the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus
leucopus) may be found. Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) are often observed in
wooded areas. The Eastern box turtle (Terrapene Carolina) is a terrestrial turtle but will
be found near streams in hot, dry weather. The five-lined skink* (Eumeces fasciatus)
may also be found in forested communities.
3.2 Aquatic Communities
Within the project area, the the man made pond is a headwater pond that is feed by
ground water and stormwater from US 421. The bed material consists of clay, sand, and
pebbles. On the day of the site visit, the water was turbid with some suspended sediment.
The riparian community on the west is the dry mesic oak hickory forest and to the east the
maintained community. This community is described in Section 3.1.1. and 3.1.3. No
aquatic vegetation was observed in the pond.
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11

Wilkes County is designated a "trout" county by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission (WRC). Little Cub Creek is not designated as a Public Mountain Trout
Water in the project area.
3.3 Summary of Anticipated Impacts
Project construction will have various impacts to the previously described terrestrial and
aquatic communities. Any construction activities in or near these resources have the
potential to impact biological functions. This section will cover general impacts that may
occur due to project construction.
3.3.1 Terrestrial Communities
Terrestrial communities in the project area may be impacted permanently by project
construction from clearing and paving. Destruction of natural communities in the project
area will result in the loss of foraging and breeding habitats for the various animal species
that utilize the area. Animal species will be displaced into surrounding communities.
Adult birds, mammals, and some reptiles are mobile enough to avoid mortality during
construction. Young animals and less mobile species, such as many amphibians, may
suffer direct loss during construction. The plants and animals that are found in the upland
communities aze generally common throughout western North Carolina.
Impacts to terrestrial communities, particularly in locations having steep to moderate
slopes, can result in the aquatic community receiving heavy sediment loads as a
consequence of erosion. Construction impacts may not be restricted to the communities in
which the construction activity occurs, but may also affect downstream communities.
Efforts should be made to ensure that no sediment leaves the construction site.
3.3.2 Aquatic Communities
Impacts to aquatic communities include fluctuations in water temperature as a result of
the loss of riparian vegetation. Shelter and food resources, both in the aquatic and
terrestrial portions of these organisms' life cycles, will be affected by losses in the
terrestrial communities. 'The loss of aquatic plants and animals may affect terrestrial fauna
that relies on them as a food source.
Temporary and permanent impacts to aquatic organisms may result from increased
sedimentation. Aquatic invertebrates may drift downstream during construction and
recolonize the disturbed azea once it has been stabilized. Sediments have the potential to
affect fish and other aquatic life in several ways, including the clogging and abrading of
gills and other respiratory surfaces, affecting the habitat by scouring and filling of pools
and riffles, altering water chemistry, and smothering different life stages. Increased
sedimentation may cause decreased light penetration through an increase in turbidity.
Potential adverse effects can be minimized through the implementation of NCDOT Best
Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters.
August 2004
12

w
4.0 JURISDICTIONAL TOPICS
This section provides inventories and impact analyses for two federal and state regulatory
issues: "Waters of the United States" and rare and protected species.
4.1 Waters of the United States
Wetlands and surface waters fall under the broad category of "Waters of the United
States" as defined in 33 CFR § 328.3 and in accordance with provisions of Section 404 of
the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). These waters are regulated by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (IJSACE). Any action that proposes to dredge or place fill material
into surface waters or wetlands falls under these provisions.
4.1.1 Characteristics of Wetlands and Surface Waters
Potential wetland communities were investigated pursuant to the 1987 Corps of
Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual. The three parameter approach is used where
hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation and prescribed hydrologic characteristics must all be
present for an area to be considered a wetland. No wetlands were found in the project
study area.
The man made pond meet the definition of surface waters, and are therefore classified as
Waters of the United States. The pond is approximately 125 feet wide and 900 feet long.
4.1.2 Summary of Anticipated Impacts
Project construction may effect jurisdictional surface waters. Anticipated surface water
impacts fall under the jurisdiction of the USACE and the DWQ. Project impacts are not
currently known, however due to the proximity of the stream, impacts can be avoided by
selecting Alternative 3 or through project design. The amount of surface water impacts
will be calculated when project the project alternative is selected.
4.2 Permit Issues
Impacts to jurisdictional surface waters are not anticipated from the proposed project. If
impacts to waters of the US occur permits and certifications from various state and
federal agencies will be required prior to construction activities.
If project impacts do occur, construction is likely to be authorized by Nationwide Permit
(NWP) No. 23 (approved Categorical Exclusions), as promulgated under 67 FR 2020,
2092; January 15, 2002. This permit authorizes activities undertaken, assisted, authorized,
regulated, funded, or financed in whole or in part, by another Federal agency or
department where that agency or department has determined that, pursuant to the Council
on Environmental Quality Regulations for Implementing the Procedural Provisions of the
National Environmental Policy Act:
• the activity, work, or discharge is categorically excluded from environmental
documentation because it is included within a category of actions that neither
individually nor cumulatively have a significant affect on the human
environment; and
August 2004
13

~-
• the Office of the Chief Engineer has been furnished notice of the agency's or
department's application for the categorical exclusion and concurs with that
determination.
Construction may also require authorization by Nationwide Permit (NWP} No. 33
(Temporary Construction, Access and Dewatering), also as promulgated under 67 FR
2020, 2092; January 15, 2002. This permit authorizes temporary structures, work, and
discharges, including cofferdams, necessary for construction activities or access fills or
dewatering of construction sites; provided that the associated primary activity is
authorized by the Corps of Engineers or the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), or for other
construction activities not subject to the Corps or USCG regulations.
This project will also require a 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC) No. 3403, from
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) prior to issuance of a
NWP 23 and WQC No. 3366 prior to the issuance of a NWP 33. Section 401 of the Clean
Water Act requires that the state issue or deny water certification for any federally
permitted or licensed activity that results in a discharge into Waters of the U.S. Final
permit decision rests with the USACE.
4.2.1 Mitigation
The function of avoidance, minimization, and mitigation is to restore and maintain the
chemical, biological, and physical integrity of waters of the United States by avoiding
impacts, minimizing impacts, and rectifying impacts. Each of these three aspects
(avoidance, minimization, and compensatory mitigation) must be considered sequentially.
4.2.1.1 Avoidance
Avoidance mitigation examines all appropriate and practical possibilities of averting
impacts to waters of the United States. According to a 1990 Memorandum of Agreement
(MOA) between the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and USACE, in
determining "appropriate and practical" measures to offset unavoidable impacts, such
measures should be appropriate to the scope and degree of those impacts and practical in
terms of costs, existing technology and logistics in light of overall project purposes.
Specific avoidance measures for this project include:
• Selecting Alternative 3 as the preferred alternative
• If Alternative 2 is selected, designing the project to avoid the pond
4.2.1.2 Minimization
Minimization includes the examination of appropriate and practical steps to reduce the
adverse impacts to waters of the United States. Implementation of these steps will be
required through project modifications and permit conditions. Practical means to
minimize impacts to surface waters impacted by the proposed project include:
• Decreasing the footprint of the proposed project
14
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• f
• Installation of temporary silt fences, earth berms, and temporary ground cover during
construction
• Strict enforcement of sedimentation and erosion control BMPs for the protection of
surface waters and wetlands
• Using plants acceptable for erosion control on stream banks and stream buffers
• Reduction of clearing and grubbing activity in and adjacent to water bodies.
• Judicious pesticide and herbicide usage
4.2.1.3 Compensation
Compensatory mitigation is not normally considered until anticipated impacts to waters
of the United States have been avoided and minimized to the maximum extent possible.
Appropriate and practicable compensatory mitigation is required for unavoidable adverse
impacts that remain after all appropriate and practicable minimization has been required.
Compensatory actions often include restoration, creation, and enhancement of waters of
the United States. Such actions should be undertaken in areas adjacent to or contiguous
to the discharge site (i.e., compensatory on-site mitigation). Mitigation is not required for
wetland impacts less then 1/10 an acres or stream impacts less then 150 feet. Wetland
impacts greater then 0.1 acre will require mitigation. No mitigation is anticipated because
there are no wetlands and stream impacts are not expected.
4.3 Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of plants and animals are declining either as a result of natural forces
or their difficulty adapting to changes in their natural habitat as a result of human
activities. Rare and protected species listed for Wilkes County, and any likely impacts to
these species as a result of the proposed project construction, are discussed in the
following sections.
4.3.1 Species Under Federal Protection
Plants and animals with a federal classification of Endangered (E), Threatened (T),
Proposed Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under provisions
of Section 7 and Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
The USFWS lists 1 species under federal protection for Wilkes County as of January 29,
2003 (USFWS 2004). The following table lists the species, its status and biological
conclusion.
Ta61e 2. Snecies under Federal Prntection in WillrPC (`nnnty
Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status Biological Conclusion
Clemmys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle T(S/A) Not Required
Notes: T Threatened-A species that is likely to become an endangered species within the
foreseeable future throu hout all or a si 'ficant onion of its ran e.
A brief description of the characteristics and habitat requirements of the bog turtle
follows, along with a conclusion regarding potential project impact. Surveys for federally
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15

protected species are valid for two years from the survey date, if habitat is present in the
project azea. If the project is not constructed within those two years, the area may need to
be resurveyed prior to the let date.
Name: Bog turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergi)
Family: Emydidae
Federal Status: Threatened Due to Similarity of Appearance (southern population)
Date Listed: June 4, 1987
Characteristics:
The bog turtle is a small semi-aquatic reptile, measuring 3-4.5 inches in length, with a
weakly keeled, dark brown cazapace and a blackish plastron with lighter markings along
the midline. There is a conspicuous orange or yellow blotch on each side of the head.
This species exhibits sexual dimorphism; the males have concave plastrons and longer,
thicker tails, while females have flat plastrons and shorter tails.
Distribution and Habitat:
The bog turtle is found in the eastern United States, in two distinct regions. The northern
population, in Massachusetts, Connecticut, southern New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delawaze is listed as Threatened and protected by the
Endangered Species Act. The southern population, occurring in Virginia, North Cazolina,
South Cazolina, Tennessee, and Georgia is listed as Threatened Due to Similarity of
Appearance.
Preferred bog turtle habitat consists of fens, sphagnum bogs, swamps, mazshy meadows
and pastures. Areas with cleaz, slow-flowing water, soft. mud substrate, and an open
canopy aze ideal. Clumps of vegetation such as tussock sedge and sphagnum moss are
important for nesting and basking. This species hibernates from October to April, hiding
just under the frozen surface of mud. The diet consists of beetles, moth and butterfly
larvae, caddisfly larvae, snails, nematodes, millipedes, seeds, and carrion (Nemuras
1967).
Mating takes place in May and June, and the female deposits the clutch of 2-6 eggs in a
sedge tussock, a clump of sphagnum moss, or loose soil about a month later. The eggs
hatch in 42-56 days. A female may -not nest every yeaz, and probably only produces one
clutch per reproductive year.
Threats to Species:
The primary threats to the bog turtle are loss of habitat (from increased residential and
commercial development as well as draining, clearing, and filling of wetlands) and illegal
collecting for the pet trade. Nest predation and disease may also play a role in the
population decrease.
Distinctive Characteristics:
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16

The bog turtle is distinguished from other turtles by its small size and the bright orange or
yellow blotch on each side of its head.
Biological Conclusion:
This species is listed as Threatened Due to Similarity of Appearance, and is therefore not
protected under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. However, in order to control
the illegal trade of individuals from the protected northern population, federal regulations
are maintained on the commercial trade of all bog turtles. No survey is required for this
species.
4.3.2 Federal Species of Concern and State Status
Federal Species of Concern (FSC) are not legally protected under the Endangered Species
Act and are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7, until they are
formally proposed or listed as Threatened or Endangered. Table 3 includes FSC species
listed for Wilkes County and their state classifications. Organisms that are listed as
Endangered (E), Threatened (T), or Special Concern (SC) on the North Carolina Natural
Heritage Program list of Rare Plant Species in North Carolina and the North Carolina
Natural Heritage Heritage Program list of Rare Animal Species in North Carolina are
afforded state protection under the State Endangered Species Act and the North Carolina
Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1987. However, state listed species are not
protected from NCDOT activities.
Table 3. Federal Species of Concern for Wilkes County.
Scientific Name Common Name NC Status habitat
Dendroica cerulea Cerulean warbler SR Yes
Speyeria diana Diana fritillary butterfly SR Yes
Speyeria idalia Regal fritillary butterfly SR Yes
Juglans cinerea Butternut - Yes
Pycnanthemum torrei Torrey's mountain-mint SR-T Yes
"E"-An Endangered species is one whose continued existence as a viable component of the State's flora is
determined to be in jeopardy.
"SR"--A Significantly Raze species is one which is very rare in North Carolina, generally with 1-20
populations in the state, generally substantially reduced in numbers by habitat destruction, duect
exploitation or disease. The species is generally more common elsewhere in its range, occurring
peripherally in North Carolina.
"-T"--These species are rare throughout their ranges (fewer than 100 populations total).
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Within the study area for this project, there is one man made pond and no wetlands. The
man made pond drains into an Unnamed Tributary of Little Cub Creek. Little Cub Creek
is a Class C stream located within the Yadkin River Basin. Project impacts are not
currently known. Little Cub Creek is not listed as a 303(d) stream and is not a trout
stream. No Biological Conclusion is required for the federally protected Bog Turtle.
In order to minimize impacts and avoid the permit application process Alternative 3 is the
recommended preferred alternative. No jurisdictional water resources are located on the
August 2004
17

preferred alternative. All BMP's for the protection of surface waters and wetlands
should be strictly followed.
18
August 2004

6.0 REFERENCES
American Ornithologists' Union. 1983 Checklist of North American Birds, Sixth
Edition." .
Amoroso, JamieL., and John T Finnegan, 2002. Natural Heritage Program List of the
Rare Plant Species of North Carolina. North Cazolina Natural Heritage Program.
http://ils.unc.edulparkproject/nhp/2002p1ist.pdf, Accessed January 21, 2004.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands
and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of
Biological Services, FWS/OBS-79/31. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation
Manual, Technical Report Y-87-1." U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Lee, D.S., J.B. Funderburg, Jr. and M.K. Clark. 1982. A Distributional Survey of North
Carolina Mammals. Raleigh, North Carolina Museum of Natural History.
LeGrand, H.E., Jr. and S.P. Hall. 2001. Natural Heritage Program List of the Rare
Animal Species of North Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of
Parks and Recreation, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources. Raleigh, North Carolina.
Martof, B.S., W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey, and J.R. Harrison, III. 1980. Amphibians and
Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia. University of North Cazolina Press, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina.
North Cazolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR). 2003.
Yadkin Pee Dee River: Basin-Wide Water Quality Plan. Water Quality Section, Division
of Water Quality, Raleigh, North Cazolina.
<http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/basinwide/yadkin/YadkinPD wc~dt management~lan0103.h
tm > Accessed June 10, 2004
NCDENR. 1999. "North Carolina Water Quality Assessment and Impaired Waters List
(2002 Integrated 305(b) and 303(d) Report}. Water Quality Section, Division of Water
Quality, Raleigh, North Carolina.
<http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/tmdU2002%20lntegrated%20Rept.pdf~ Accessed June 10,
2004
NCDENR. 1999a. "NPDES Downloads-List of Active Permits Updated 8/8/03."
Water Quality Section, Division of Water Quality.
< http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/basinwide/yadkinpd/documents/indstormwtrprmts.DOC >
Accessed June 10, 2004
August 2004
19

NCDENR. "Basinwide Information Management System: North Carolina Waterbodies
Reports". <http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/bims/Reports/reports.html.> Accessed June 10,
2004.
Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the
Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Rohde, F.C., R.B. Arndt, D.G. Lindquist, and J.F. Parnell. 1994. Freshwater Fishes of the
Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. University of North Carolina Press,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of
North Carolina, Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
Division of Parks and Recreation, NCDENR, Raleigh, NC.
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service(USDA-SCS). 1997
Soil Survey of Wilkes County, North Carolina.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. "Endangered Species/ Section 7 Program in
North Carolina." North Carolina Ecological Services.
<http://nc-es.fws.gov/es/countyfr.html> Accessed June 10, 2004.
Webster, W.D., J.F. Parnell, and W.C. Biggs, Jr. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas,
Virginia, and Maryland. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina.
August 2004
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r
~~ .~ ..-
o stem ~.
~~.. a ~ erne:
PROGRAM
Apri125, 2007
Mr. Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
Subject: EEP Mitigation Acceptance Letter:
K-4703, US 421 Rest Area, Wilkes County
RECEfVE~
MAY 7 2007
DtY1S~N ~ NIC>HNIAYS
PDEA•OFFICE OF NATi1RAl ENVIRONMENT
The purpose of this letter is to notify you that the Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (EEP) will provide the compensatory stream mitigation for the subject project.
Based on the information supplied by you on Apri120, 2007, the impacts are located in
CU 03040101 of the Yadkin River Basin in the Northern Mountains (NM) Eco-Region,
and are as follows:
Stream: 215 feet
During the review of this request, it was noted that this project was not included
in the 2007 Impact Projection Database; however, EEP will provide the requested stream
mitigation. Depending on the availability and projected need of stream mitigation in this
cataloging unit, additional stream mitigation may be required that was not included in the
biennial budget submitted to NCDOT on Apri12, 2007 (revised April 16, 2007).
EEP commits to implementing sufficient compensatory stream mitigation to
offset the impacts associated with this project by the end of the MOA Year in which this
project is permitted, in accordance with Section X of the Amendment No. 2 to the
Memorandum of Agreement between the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, the North Carolina Department of Transportation, and the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers, fully executed on March 8, 2007. If the above referenced impact
amounts are revised, then this mitigation acceptance letter will no longer be valid and a
new mitigation acceptance letter will be required from EEP.
~P.~Std~'U2~C.., ~Gf,~~;t'~~K~•.: c~~'~>~-~~~ ~~ ~tGlt~2 NC ENR
North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program,1652 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 21699-1652 / 919-115-0416 / www.nceep.net

If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Ms. Beth
Harmon at 919-715-1929.
Sincerely,
~.
Wi'1}fam D. Gilmore, P.E.
EEP Director
cc: Mr. Monte Matthews, USACE -Raleigh
Mr. John Hennessy, Division of Water Quality, Wetlands/401 Unit
File: K-4703