20120615 Ver 1_More Info Received_20121029

Strickland, Bev
From: Higgins, Karen
Sent: Monday, October 29, 2012 5:51 PM
To: Strickland, Bev
Subject: FW: Mayo Monofill 401 Water Quality Certification
Attachments: MAYO WQMP.pdf.pdf; 20120615_email.pdf
Bev-
Can you please put these attachments in Laserfiche for project # 2012 -0615?
Thanks-
Karen
Karen Higgins
Supervisor, Wetlands, Buffers, Stormwater - Compliance & Permitting Unit
NCDENR - Division of Water Quality
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699 -1650
Phone: [phone]
Email: I<aren.higgins @ncdenr.gov
Website: http: / /Portal.ncdenr.org /web /wq /swp /ws /webscape
E -mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the North Carolina Public Records Law and may be
disclosed to third parties.
Please consider the environment before printing this email.

Higgins, Karen
From:
Cahoon, Steve [Steve.Cahoon @pgnmail.com]
Sent:
Friday, October 26, 2012 10:58 AM
To:
Mcmillan, Ian
Cc:
Higgins, Karen; Dorminey, Tony; Phillips, Dulcie
Subject:
Mayo Monofill 401 Water Quality Certification
Ian,
We spoke earlier this week regarding two of the conditions of certification in the 401 water quality certification for the
above referenced project. A discussion of condition of certification 3 and condition of certification 9 follows below.
Condition of Certification 3
Condition of Certification 3, requires the submittal of final construction plans, upon receipt of the landfill permit issued
by the Division of Solid Waste (DSW) at least 90 days prior to any impacts to jurisdictional waters. It further requires,
the submission of a permit modification. if jurisdictional impacts will be increased, beyond what is approved in the
certification. We believe this condition was satisfied in our original submittal of the permit application to the Division of
Water Quality (DWQ) in June 2012. The drawings that show jurisdictional impacts to streams submitted in the 401
water quality certification application are the very same drawings that were submitted to the DSW in November 2011
and approved by for construction in July 2012. Therefore, we believe through the permit application review and
approval process we have satisfied condition of certification 3. Also, as required by the certification, if there are impacts
to jurisdictional areas beyond those already permitted, we will submit a permit application modification to the DWQ
before those impacts occur, as required by the certification.
Condition of Certification 9
Condition of Certification 9 requires the submittal of the approved DSW surface water monitoring plan to the DWQ.
Please see the attached approved DSW surface water monitoring plan for the Mayo Monofill project.
We believe that these conditions of certification have been satisfied by this email submittal of the approved surface
water quality monitoring plan and the submittal of the permit application drawings to both DSW and DWQ. If the DWQ
believes Conditions of Certification 3 and 9 have not been satisfied please contact me.
Thanks for your help with this project.
Steve
Steve Cahoon
Duke Energy
Water /Nat Resources - Water Programs
(919) 546 -7457
Fax [phone]
Vnet - 770 -7457

i.:.: •.:.
Prepared for:
\,rt,
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Progress Energy
4101 S. Wilmington Street
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
Prepared by:
Golder Associates NC, Inc.
5B Oak Branch Drive
Greensboro, North Carolina 27407
October 2011 Project No.: 063 - 6562024

Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -i- November 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ ..............................1
1.1 Site Description ..............................................................................
............................... 1
1.2 Site Hydrogeology ..........................................................................
............................... 1
2.0 GROUNDWATER MONITORING SYSTEM .................................
..............................2
2.1 Monitoring Well Network .............................................................
............................... 2
2.2 Monitoring Well Construction ......................................................
............................... 2
2.3 Monitoring Well Development ......................................................
............................... 3
2.4 Maintenance and Recordkeeping .................................................
............................... 3
2.5 Monitoring Well Decommissioning ..............................................
............................... 4
3.0 GROUNDWATER MONITORING PROGRAM ............................
..............................4
3.1 Sampling Frequency ......................................................................
............................... 5
3.2 Establishment of Background Data .............................................
............................... 5
3.3 Evaluation of Monitoring Data .....................................................
............................... 5
4.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
...................... ..............................5
4.1 Sample Collection ...........................................................................
............................... 5
4.1.1 Sampling Frequency ....................................................................
............................... 6
4.1.2 Static Water Elevations ................................................................
............................... 6
4.1.3 Well Evacuation ...........................................................................
............................... 6
4.1.4 Collection ......................................................................................
..............................9
4.1.5 Decontamination ..........................................................................
............................... 9
4.2 Sample Preservation and Handling ..............................................
............................... 9
4.3 Chain -of- Custody Program ...........................................................
............................... 9
4.3.1 Sample Labels ............................................................................
............................... 10
4.3.2 Sample Seal ................................................................................
............................... 10
4.3.3 Field Logbook ............................................................................
............................... 10
4.3.4 Chain -of- Custody Record ..........................................................
............................... 10
4.4 Analytical Procedures ..................................................................
............................... 11
4.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Program ....................
............................... 12
5.0 SURFACE WATER MONITORING (RULE .0602) ...................... .............................13
6.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................... .............................13
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -ii- November 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- continued -
TABLES
Table 1 Summary of Well Construction Information
Table 2 Summary of Proposed Constituents, Analytical Methods, and Reporting Limits
DRAWING
Drawing WQMP -1 Proposed Water Quality Monitoring Plan
APPENDICES
Appendix A Boring Logs/Well Construction Records
Appendix B Analytical Requirements
Appendix C Groundwater Purging and Sampling Guidelines
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -1- November 2011
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Water Quality Monitoring Plan (WQMP) will serve as a guidance document for collecting
and analyzing groundwater and surface water samples, evaluating the associated analytical
results, and monitoring for any potential releases to the uppermost aquifer from the Progress
Energy Carolinas, Inc. (Progress Energy) Mayo Coal Combustion Products (CCP) monofill in
Person County, North Carolina. The WQMP complies with North Carolina Solid Waste
Management Regulations (NCSWMR) Subchapter 13B, .0504(1)(g)(iv) as part of the Site
Application for the facility. This Plan also addresses the requirements for surface water
monitoring specified in Rule .0602. The pertinent geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of
the site, as described in the Design Hvdrogeologic Report for the proposed Mayo CCP monofill,
prepared by Golder Associates NC, Inc. (Golder), are summarized below.
1.1 Site Description
Progress Energy owns and operates the Mayo Plant in Person County, North Carolina. The plant
will be converting the existing bottom and fly ash handling method from a wet system to a dry
system, and the proposed monofill will serve as the disposal site for the dry ash.
The area of the proposed monofill is an undeveloped parcel west of the power generation facility.
The site consists of an upland area with natural drainage features that discharge into Bowe's
Branch, a tributary of the Hyco River.
The proposed disposal facility at the Mayo Plant will have a footprint of approximately
104 acres. The disposal facility will be developed in four phases, with the first phase of
development encompassing approximately 31 acres. The proposed Mayo CCP monofill will be
constructed with a dual composite liner system with a witness zone in between the composite
liners.
1.2 Site Hydrogeology
The proposed Mayo CCP monofill is located within the Piedmont physiographic province. The
Piedmont physiographic province is comprised of several geologic belts with areas of similar
rock types and geologic history. The proposed Mayo CCP monofill is located within the Milton
Belt, which includes metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The rocks of the Milton
Belt appear to be of Middle Proterozoic age (Wortman, Samson, and Hibbard, 1996), and were
likely metamorphosed and deformed during the early to middle Paleozoic age (Butler and Secor,
1991). The proposed CCP monofill is located near the northeastern boundary between the
Milton Belt and the Carolina Slate Belt. The boundary between the Milton Belt and the Carolina
Slate Belt is a discontinuity and can be characterized locally by sheared rocks; the area is
potentially a fault zone (Butler and Secor, 1991).
During the field investigation for the Design Hvdrogeologic Report, three hydrogeologic units
were identified on site: saprolite, partially weathered rock (PWR), and bedrock. The saprolite
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Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -2- November 2011
unit appears to be discontinuous across the site, based on drilling records during piezometer
installations; though groundwater was generally not encountered in the saprolite unit in the on-
site piezometers, with one exception. The PWR appears to be mostly continuous across the site
with six piezometer locations where PWR was not encountered during drilling. The PWR unit is
found at varying thicknesses across the site. Groundwater is encountered in the PWR unit over
much of the site. The bedrock hydrogeologic unit is continuous across the site at varying
thicknesses. Static groundwater level measurements obtained on July 20, 2011, were used to
prepare the groundwater contours presented on Drawing WQMP -1. In general, groundwater
flow across the site is to the east.
2.0 GROUNDWATER MONITORING SYSTEM
The following section presents the proposed monitoring well network for the proposed CCP
monofill along with specifications associated with installing, developing, maintaining, and
decommissioning facility monitoring wells.
2.1 Monitoring Well Network
The proposed monitoring network as shown on Drawing WQMP -1 is designed to monitor for
potential releases to the uppermost aquifer at the site. The proposed network for Phase I will
consist of five wells screened in the uppermost aquifer (MW -1 through MW -5). Monitoring well
MW -1 is the proposed background compliance well and is located upgradient of the proposed
CCP monofill; the remaining wells are located downgradient of the monofill. If contaminants
are detected in the background well from off -site sources, additional background wells may be
added, if appropriate. Additional downgradient wells will be added to the monitoring network as
future phases are constructed.
Monitoring wells MW -1, MW -2, MW -3, and MW -5 were installed as piezometers PZ -1, PZ -54,
PZ -62, and PZ -55, respectively, during the hydrogeologic investigation. Well MW -4 will be
installed during the construction of the proposed Phase I cell. The existing and proposed well
construction details are presented on Table 1.
The well locations were selected to yield groundwater samples representative of the conditions in
the uppermost aquifer underlying the facility, and to monitor for potential releases from the CCP
monofill. Well placement, well construction methods, well development, well maintenance, and
well decommissioning procedures are discussed in the following sections. Groundwater
monitoring wells shall be sampled during the active life of the monofill as well as the post -
closure period, in accordance with Rule .0601 of the NCSWMR.
2.2 Monitoring Well Construction
The well completion details for the existing and proposed groundwater monitoring wells are
included in Table 1. The completed boring and well construction logs for the installed wells are
presented in Appendix A. The boring and well construction records for the proposed monitoring
well will be submitted to the Solid Waste Section (SWS) following installation.
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Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -3- November 2011
Drilling and installation of any new monitoring wells will be performed in accordance with the
specifications outlined in 15A NCAC Subchapter 2C, Section .0100. Further guidance is
provided in the Draft North Carolina Water Quality Monitoring Guidance Document for Solid
Waste Facilities; Solid Waste Section, Division of Solid Waste Management; Department of
Environment, Health and Natural Resources (March 1995). A geologist will oversee drilling
activities and prepare boring and well construction logs for each newly installed well. New wells
will be located by a licensed surveyor to within +0.1 foot on the horizontal plane and ±0.01 foot
vertically in reference to existing survey points. A boring log, well construction log,
groundwater monitoring network map, well installation certification, and survey data will be
submitted to the SWS upon completion.
2.3 Monitoring Well Development
Newly constructed wells will be developed to remove particulates present in the well due to
construction activities, and to interconnect the well with the aquifer. Development of new
monitoring wells will be performed no sooner than 24 hours after well construction. Wells may
be developed with disposable bailers, a well development pump, or other approved method. A
surge block may be used as a means of assessing the integrity of the well screen and riser. In the
event a pump is employed, the design of the pump will be such that any groundwater that has
come into contact with air is not allowed to drain back into the well. In general, each well will
be developed until sediment -free water with stabilized field parameters (i.e., temperature, pH,
and specific conductance) is obtained.
Well development equipment (bailers, pumps, surge blocks) and any additional equipment that
contacts subsurface formations will be decontaminated prior to on -site use, between consecutive
on -site uses, and /or between consecutive well installations.
The purge water will be disposed of on the ground surface at least 10 feet downgradient of the
monitoring well being purged, unless field characteristics suggest the water will need to be
disposed of otherwise. If field characteristics suggest, the purge water will be containerized and
disposed of by other approved means.
Samples withdrawn from the facility's monitoring wells should be clay- and silt -free; therefore,
existing wells may require re- development from time to time based upon observed turbidity
levels during sampling activities. If re- development of an existing monitoring well is required, it
will be performed in a manner similar to that used for a new well.
2.4 Maintenance and Recordkeeping
The monitoring wells will be used and maintained in accordance with design specifications
throughout the life of the monitoring program. Routine well maintenance will include inspection
and correction /repair of, as necessary, identification labels, concrete aprons, locking caps and
locks, and access to the wells. Should it be determined that background or compliance
monitoring wells no longer provide samples representative of the quality of groundwater passing
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the relevant point of compliance, the SWS will be notified. The owner will re- evaluate the
monitoring network, and provide recommendations to the SWS for modifying, rehabilitating,
decommissioning, or installing replacement or additional monitoring wells, as appropriate.
Laboratory analytical results will be submitted to the SWS semi - annually. Analytical data,
calculations, and other relevant groundwater monitoring records will be kept throughout the
active life of the facility and the post - closure care period, including notices and reports of any
North Carolina (2L) Groundwater Protection Standard exceedances, resampling notifications,
and resampling results.
2.5 Monitoring Well Decommissioning
Piezometers and wells installed within the proposed CCP monofill footprint will be properly
decommissioned in accordance with the procedures for permanent decommissioning, as
described in 15A NCAC 2C Rule .0113(b). The piezometers and wells will be progressively
decommissioned as necessary to complete monofill construction activities. The piezometers and
wells that are within the proposed footprint will be overdrilled to remove well construction
materials, and then grouted with a cement - bentonite grout. Other piezometers and wells that will
potentially interfere with clearing and construction activities will be grouted in place without
overdrilling, by grouting the well in place with a cement - bentonite grout and removing surface
features, such as concrete aprons, protective casings, and stick -ups. In each case, the bentonite
content of the cement - bentonite grout shall be approximately 5 %, and a tremie pipe will be used
to ensure that grout is continuously placed from the bottom of the borehole /monitoring well
upward.
If a monitoring well becomes unusable during the monitoring period of the landfill, the well will
be decommissioned in accordance with the procedures described above. Approval from the
SWS will be obtained prior to decommissioning any monitoring well.
For each monitoring well decommissioned, the following information will be provided to the
SWS in a report sealed by a licensed geologist: the monitoring well name, a description of the
procedure by which the monitoring well was decommissioned, the date when the monitoring
well was considered to be taken out of service, and the date when the monitoring well was
decommissioned.
3.0 GROUNDWATER MONITORING PROGRAM
Groundwater samples will be obtained and analyzed semi - annually for a specialized list of
constituents typical of CCP monofills during the life of the facility and the post - closure care
period. Refer to Table 2 for a list of the proposed constituents, analytical methods, and reporting
limits. Reports will be submitted to the SWS with analytical data submitted in the required
format, and be accompanied by the required Environmental Monitoring Form. A copy of this
form is included in Appendix B for reference.
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -5- November 2011
3.1 Sampling Frequency
Groundwater samples will be collected semi - annually and analyzed for the constituents listed on
Table 2. In addition, required field parameters, including but not limited to, pH, conductivity,
temperature, and turbidity will be measured. Any exceedances of the NC 2L Drinking Water or
SWS Groundwater Protection Standards (GPS) will be identified in the semi - annual submittals to
the SWS.
3.2 Establishment of Background Data
During each phase of facility development, a minimum of one independent pre -waste
groundwater sample will be collected from each of the newly installed monitoring wells or as
specified in the Permit to Construct, once issued. Samples collected from these wells will be
analyzed for the constituents listed on Table 2. The intent of background sampling is to collect
pre -waste data to more accurately compare to post -waste analytical results. The data will be
submitted to the SWS prior to the first compliance groundwater sampling event for each new
phase.
3.3 Evaluation of Monitoring Data
The reported constituent concentrations from downgradient compliance wells will be compared
to background values, NC 2L Drinking Water Standards, SWS GPS, and SWS Limits (SWSLs)
from the October 27, 2006, memorandum (NCDENR, 2006) and February 23, 2007, addendum
(NCDENR, 2007), using a value -to -value comparison. Any exceedances of the NC 2L Drinking
Water Standards, GPS, and SWSLs will be identified in the semi - annual submittals to the SWS.
4.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
Groundwater samples will be collected in accordance with Solid Waste Management Rules
15A NCAC 13B .1632 and guidance provided in the Solid Waste Section Guidelines for
Groundwater, Soil, and ,Su face Water Sampling (Appendix C). Procedures for well purging,
sample withdrawal, decontamination methods, and chain -of- custody procedures are outlined
below. Field parameter measurements will be submitted electronically to the SWS in a format
consistent with that required in the October 27, 2006, memorandum and February 23, 2007,
addendum (Appendix B).
4.1 Sample Collection
The procedures for collecting groundwater samples are presented below. The background well
(MW -1) will be sampled first, followed by the downgradient compliance wells. The
downgradient wells will be sampled so that the most contaminated well, if one is identified from
the previous sampling event, will be sampled last.
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -6- November 2011
4.1.1 Sampling Frequency
The above - mentioned samples will be collected on a semi - annual basis throughout the life of the
facility and post - closure care period.
4.1.2 Static Water Elevations
The static groundwater level will be measured with an electronic water level indicator, to the
nearest 0.01 foot, in each well prior to sampling. Static groundwater elevations will be
calculated from groundwater depth measurements and top of casing elevations. A reference
point will be marked on the top of casing of each well to ensure the same measuring point is used
each time static groundwater levels are measured.
If a monitoring well contains a dedicated pump, the depth to water shall be measured without
removing the pump. Depth -to- bottom measurements should be taken from the well construction
data and updated when pumps are removed for maintenance.
4.1.3 Well Evacuation
The preferred well evacuation and sampling procedure for the site is a standard evacuation
procedure. Low -flow purge (micropurge) and sample methodology and procedures are also
outlined below based on the ,Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Groundwater, ,Soil, crud ,Sn�face
Water ,Sampling (Appendix C), as an alternate.
4.1.3 (a) Standard Evacuation Procedures
Monitoring wells may be evacuated with a submersible pump or a disposable bailer. If the pump
is used for multiple wells, it and any other non - dedicated equipment will be decontaminated
before use and between use at each well.
A low -yield well (one that yields less than 0.5 gallon per minute) will be purged so that water is
removed from the bottom of the screened interval. Low -yield wells will be evacuated to dryness
once. However, at no time will a well be evacuated to dryness if the recharge rate causes the
formation water to vigorously cascade down the sides of the screen and cause an accelerated loss
of volatiles. Upon recharging of the well and no longer than 24 hours from completing the
purge, the first sample will be field- tested for pH, temperature, specific conductivity, and
turbidity. Samples will then be collected and containerized in the order of the volatilization
sensitivity of the target constituents.
A high -yield well (one that yields 0.5 gallon per minute or more) will be purged so that water is
drawn down from above the screen in the uppermost part of the water column to ensure that
fresh water from the formation will move upward in the screen. If a pump is used for purging, a
high -yield well should be purged at less than 4 gallons per minute to prevent further well
development.
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -7- November 2011
A minimum of three casing volumes will be evacuated from each well prior to sampling. An
alternative purge will be considered complete if the monitoring well goes dry before removing
the calculated minimum purge volume. The well casing volume for a 2 -inch well will be
calculated using the following formula:
V, (gallons) = 0.163 x h,,,
where:
V, = volume in the well casing = (d,2 /4) x 3.14 x hW x 7.48 gallons /cubic foot
d, = casing diameter in feet (d, = 0.167)
hW = height of the water column (i.e., well depth minus depth to water)
The purge water will be disposed of on the ground surface at least 10 feet downgradient of the
monitoring well being purged, unless field characteristics suggest the water will need to be
disposed of otherwise.
The monitoring wells will be sampled using disposable bailers within 24 hours of completing the
purge. The bailers will be equipped with a check valve and bottom - emptying device. The bailer
will be lowered gently into the well to minimize the possibility of degassing the water.
Field measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity will be made before
and after sample collection as a check on the stability of the groundwater sampled over time.
Precautions to minimize turbidity will be taken. The direct - reading equipment used at each well
will be calibrated in the field according to the manufacturer's specifications prior to each day's
use. Calibration information will be documented in the instrument's calibration logbook and /or
the field book.
4.1.3 (b) Low -Flow Procedures
Monitoring wells may be purged and sampled using the low -flow sampling method in
accordance with the Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, crud Surface Water
Sampling (NCDENR, 2008). A summary of these procedures is presented below, and a copy of
the procedures is presented in Appendix C.
Depth -to -water measurements will be obtained using an electronic water level indicator capable
of recording the depth to an accuracy of 0.01 foot. A determination of whether or not the water
table is located within the screened interval of the well will be made. If the water table is not
within the screened interval, the amount of drawdown that can be achieved before the screen is
intersected will be calculated. If the water table is within the screened interval, total drawdown
should not exceed 1 foot so as to minimize the amount of aeration and turbidity. If the water
table is above the top of the screened interval, the amount of drawdown should be minimized to
keep the screen from being exposed.
If the purging equipment is non - dedicated, the equipment will be lowered into the well, taking
care to minimize the disturbance to the water column. If conditions (i.e., water column height
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Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -8- November 2011
and well yield) allow, the pump will be placed in the uppermost portion of the water column
(minimum of 18 inches of pump submergence is recommended).
The minimum volume /time period for obtaining independent Water Quality Parameter
Measurements (WQPM) will be determined. The minimum volume /time period is determined
based on the stabilized flow rate and the amount of volume in the pump and the discharge tubing
(alternatively, the volume of the flow cell can be used, provided it is greater than the volume of
the pump and discharge tubing). Volume of the bladder pump should be obtained from the
manufacturer. Volume of the discharge tubing is as follows:
3/8 -inch inside diameter tubing: 20 milliliters per foot
1/4 -inch inside diameter tubing: 10 milliliters per foot
3/16 -inch inside diameter tubing: 5 milliliters per foot
Once the volume of the flow -cell or the pump and the discharge tubing has been calculated, the
well purge will begin. The flow rate should be based on historical data for that well (if available)
and should not exceed 500 milliliters per minute. The initial round of WQPM should be
recorded and the flow rate adjusted until drawdown in the well stabilizes. Water levels should be
measured periodically to maintain a stabilized water level. The water level should not fall within
1 foot of the top of the well screen. If the purge rate has been reduced to 100 milliliters or less
and the head level in the well continues to decline, the required water samples should be
collected following stabilization of the WQPM, based on the criteria presented below.
If neither the head level nor the WQPM stabilize, a passive sample should be collected. Passive
sampling is defined as sampling before WQMP have stabilized if the well yield is low enough
that the well will purge dry at the lowest possible purge rate (generally 100 milliliters per minute
or less).
WQPM stabilization is defined as follows: pH ( +/- 0.2 S.U.), conductance ( +/- 5% of reading),
temperature ( +/- 0.2 °C), and dissolved oxygen [ +/- 20% of reading or 0.2 mg/L (whichever is
greater)]. Oxidation reduction potential will be measured and ideally should also fall within +/-
10 mV of reading; however, this is not a required parameter. At a minimum, turbidity
measurements should also be recorded at the beginning of purging, following the stabilization of
the WQPM, and following the collection of the samples. The optimal turbidity range for
micropurging is 20 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) or less. Turbidity measurements
above 20 NTU are generally indicative of an excessive purge rate or natural conditions related to
excessive fines in the aquifer matrix.
Stabilization of the WQPM should occur in most wells within five to six rounds of
measurements. If stabilization does not occur following the removal of a purge volume equal to
three well volumes, a passive sample will be collected.
The direct - reading equipment used at each well will be calibrated in the field according to the
manufacturer's specifications prior to each day's use and checked at a minimum at the end of
each sampling day. Calibration information should be documented in the instrument's
calibration logbook and the field book.
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Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -9- November 2011
Each well is to be sampled immediately following stabilization of the WQPM. The sampling
flow rate must be maintained at a rate that is less than or equal to the purging rate. For volatile
organic compounds, lower sampling rates (100 - 200 milliliters /minute) should be used. Final
field parameter readings should be recorded prior to and after sampling.
4.1.4 Collection
Samples will be collected and containerized in the order described below.
Total Metals
General Chemistry Parameters (chloride, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, total dissolved
solids, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen
demand).
Samples will be transferred directly from field sampling equipment into pre- preserved,
laboratory- supplied containers.
4.1.5 Decontamination
Non - dedicated field equipment that is used for purging or sample collection shall be cleaned with
a phosphate -free detergent, and triple -rinsed with distilled water. Any disposable tubing used
with non - dedicated pumps should be discarded after use at each well. Clean, chemical- resistant
nitrile gloves will be worn by sampling personnel during well evacuation and sample collection.
Measures will be taken to prevent surface soils, which could introduce contaminants into the
well being sampled, from coming in contact with the purging and sampling equipment.
4.2 Sample Preservation and Handling
Upon containerizing groundwater samples, the samples will be packed into pre - chilled, ice - filled
coolers and either hand - delivered or shipped overnight by a commercial carrier to a NC certified
laboratory for analysis. Sample preservation methods will be used to retard biological action and
hydrolysis, as well as to reduce sorption effects. These methods will include chemical
preservation, cooling/refrigeration at 4° C, and protection from light.
4.3 Chain -of- Custody Program
The chain -of- custody program will allow for tracing sample possession and handling from the
time of field collection through laboratory analysis. The chain -of- custody program includes
sample labels, sample seal, field logbook, and chain -of- custody record.
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Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -10- November 2011
4.3.1 Sample Labels
Legible labels sufficiently durable to remain legible when wet will contain the following
information:
• Site and sample identification number;
• Monitoring well number or other location;
• Date and time of collection;
• Name of collector;
• Parameters to be analyzed; and
• Preservative, if applicable.
4.3.2 Sample Seal
The shipping container will be sealed to ensure that the samples have not been disturbed during
transport to the laboratory. The tape is labeled with instructions to notify the shipper if the seal
is broken prior to receipt at the laboratory.
4.3.3 Field Logbook
The field logbook will contain sheets documenting the following information:
• Identification of the well;
• Well depth;
• Field meter calibration information;
• Static water level depth and measurement technique;
• Purge volume (given in gallons);
• Time well was purged;
• Date and time of collection;
• Well sampling sequence;
• Types of sample containers used and sample identification numbers;
• Preservative used;
• Field analysis data and methods;
• Field observations on sampling event;
• Name of collector(s); and
• Climatic conditions including air temperatures and precipitation.
4.3.4 Chain -of- Custody Record
The chain -of- custody record is required for tracing sample possession from time of collection to
time of receipt at the laboratory. A chain -of- custody record will accompany each individual
shipment. The record will contain the following information:
• Sample destination and transporter;
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -11- November 2011
• Sample identification numbers;
• Signature of collector;
• Date and time of collection;
• Sample type;
• Identification of well;
• Number of sample containers in shipping container;
• Parameters requested for analysis;
• Signature of person(s) involved in the chain of possession;
• Inclusive dates of possession; and
• Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening in laboratory (noted by
the laboratory).
A copy of the completed chain -of- custody form will accompany the shipment and will be
returned to the shipper after the shipping container reaches its destination. The chain -of- custody
record will also be used as the analysis request sheet.
4.4 Analytical Procedures
A laboratory certified by the NCDENR will be utilized for analysis of the groundwater and
surface water samples. Analyses will be performed in accordance with USEPA SW -846
methods in accordance with the USEPA guidance document ( USEPA, 1997). For available
constituents, method numbers and reporting limits to be used will be those listed in the
October 27, 2006, SWS memorandum and February 23, 2007, addendum. These memoranda,
titled Neir Guidelines for Electronic ,Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data and
Addendum to October 27, 2006, North Carolina Solid Waste Section Memorandum Regarding
Neir Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data are included in
Appendix B of this WQMP. The monitoring parameters are listed in Table 2, along with the
proposed analytical methods and reporting limits. Alternate SW -846 methods may be used if
they have the same or lower reporting limit. The laboratory must report any detection of any
constituent even if it is detected below the solid waste reporting limit (as revised in the
October 27, 2006, memorandum and February 23, 2007, addendum).
The laboratory certificates -of- analyses shall, at a minimum, include the following information:
Narrative: Must include a brief description of the sample group (number and type
of samples, field and associated lab sample identification numbers, preparation
and analytical methods used). The data reviewer shall also include a statement
that all holding times and Quality Control (QC) criteria were met, samples were
received intact and properly preserved, with a brief discussion of any deviations
potentially affecting data usability. This includes, but is not limited to, test
method deviation(s), holding time violations, out -of- control incidents occurring
during the processing of QC or field samples and corrective actions taken, and
repeated analyses and reasons for the reanalyses (including, for example,
contamination, failing surrogate recoveries, matrix effects, or dilutions). The
narrative shall be signed by the laboratory director or authorized laboratory
representative, signifying that all statements are true to the best of the reviewer's
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -12- November 2011
knowledge, and that the data meet the data quality objectives as described in this
plan (except as noted). One narrative is required for each sample group.
• Original Chain -of- Custody Form.
• Target Analyte List (TAL) /Target Compound List (TCL): The laboratory shall
list all compounds for which the samples were analyzed. The TAL /TCL is
typically included as part of the analytical reporting forms.
• Dilution factors with a narrative of the sample results, including the reasons for
the dilution (if any).
• Blank Data: For organic analyses, the laboratory shall report the results of any
method blanks, reagent blanks, trip blanks, field blanks, and any other blanks
associated with the sample group. For inorganic analyses, the laboratory shall
provide the results of any preparation or initial calibration blanks associated with
the sample group.
QC Summary: The laboratory will provide summary forms detailing laboratory
QC sample results, which include individual recoveries and relative percent
differences (if appropriate) for the following Quality Assurance (QA) /QC criteria:
surrogates, MS analyses, MSD analyses, LCS, and sample duplicate analyses.
QC control limits shall also be reported; if any QC limits are exceeded, a flag or
footnote shall be placed to indicate the affected samples.
Additional QA data and /or other pertinent data may be reported as requested by the
owner /operator of the facility.
4.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Program
A field blank may be collected and analyzed during each monitoring event to verify that the
sample collection and handling process has not affected the quality of the samples. The field
blank will be prepared in the field and exposed to the sampling environment. As with all other
samples, the time of the blank exposure will be recorded so that the sampling sequence is
documented. The field blank will be analyzed for the same list of constituents as the
groundwater samples.
The assessment of blank analysis results will be in general accordance with USEPA guidance
documents ( USEPA, 1993 and 1994). No positive sample results will be relied upon unless the
concentration of the compound in the sample exceeds 10 times the amount in any blank for
common laboratory contaminants, or five times the amount for other compounds. If necessary,
resampling will be performed as necessary to confirm or refute suspect data; such resampling
will occur within the individual compliance monitoring period.
Concentrations of any contaminants found in the blanks will be used to qualify the groundwater
data. Any compound detected in the sample, which was also detected in any associated blank,
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -13- November 2011
will be qualified "B" when the sample concentration is less than five times the blank
concentration. For common laboratory contaminants, the results will be qualified "B" when the
reported sample concentration is less than 10 times the blank concentration. The "B" qualifier
designates that the reported detection is considered to represent cross - contamination and that the
reported constituent is not considered to be present in the sample at the reported concentration.
5.0 SURFACE WATER MONITORING (RULE .0602)
In accordance with Rule .0602 of the NCSWMR, surface water monitoring locations have been
established to monitor surface water quality at the proposed CCP monofill. Two upstream
monitoring points (SW -1 and SW -2) and one downstream monitoring point (SW -3) are proposed
for this facility, as shown on Drawing WQMP -1. The surface water features at SW -1 and SW -2
are un -named perennial streams that approximately follow the eastern monofill boundary and
SW -3 represents the downstream confluence of these other streams. The streams eventually flow
from the southern boundary to the northern boundary, discharging into Bowe's Branch, a
tributary of Hyco River. Samples will only be collected at each location if flowing water is
observed during the sampling event.
The surface water monitoring points will be sampled semi - annually for analysis of the list of
constituents on Table 2 and pH, specific conductivity, and temperature. The results of the
analysis of the surface water data will be submitted to the SWS at least semi - annually in
conjunction with the groundwater data. Data will be compared to applicable NC surface water
standards, and those comparisons will be included with each submittal.
6.0 REFERENCES
The references cited below were used in the preparation of this report, and may or may not be
referenced in the text.
Butler, R.J., and Secor, Jr., D.T., 1991, The Central Piedmont, in Horton, J. W., Jr., and Zullo,
V.A., eds., The Geology of the Carolinas: The University of Tennessee Press, pp. 59 -78.
NCGS (North Carolina Geologic Survey), 1985. Geologic Map of North Carolina. Scale
1:500,000.
North Carolina Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. 1995. N.C. Water
QualitvMonitoring Guidance Docu ment for �olid Waste Facilities.
North Carolina Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources. 2006. N.C. Neir Guidelines for
Electronic ,�ubmittal Of Environmental Monitoring Data.
North Carolina Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources. 2007. N.C. Addendum to
October 27, 2006, North Carolina,Solid Waste ,Section Memorandum Regarding Neir
GlildellueS for Electroyuc ,Subi?iittal Of Euvirom?ielital MoYUtoriug Data.
North Carolina Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources. 2008. N.C. Solid Waste ,Section
Guidelines. for Grouucfirater, ,Soil, and ,Sin face Water ,Sampling.
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

Progress Energy Water Quality Monitoring Plan Project No.: 063 - 6562024
Mayo CCP Monofill -14- November 2011
USEPA. June 1997. SW-846 Methods for Evahaating,Solid Waste, Physical Chemical Methods,
Final Update IIL
USEPA. 1996. Low -Flow (Minimal Drairdown) Ground -Water Sampling Procedures.
Puls, Robert W. and Barcelona, Michael J.
USEPA. 1993. Region III Modifications to Laboratory Data Validation Functional Guidelines
for Evaluating Inorganic Analyses, EPA 540/R -01 -008. April.
USEPA, 1994. Region III Modifications to National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data
Review Multi- Media, Multi- Concentration (OLMO1.0- OLMO0.9), EPA 540/R -99 -008.
September.
USEPA. 1986. RCRA Ground Water Monitoring Technical Enforcement Guidance Document
(TEGD).
Wortman, Samson, and Hibbard, Discrimination of the Milton Belt and the Carolina Terrane in
the Southern Appalachians: An Nd Isotopic Approach, The Journal of Geology, 1996.
gAprojects \progress energy\mayo\altemate site new phase 1\hydrogeologic report\wgmp \final wgmp.doc
Golder Associates NC, Inc.

TABLES

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TABLE 2
Summary of Proposed Constituents, Analytical Methods, and Solid Waste Section Limits
Progress Energy
Mayo CCP Monofill
Constituent List
Solid Waste
Section
Identification
Number
Analytical Method
Solid Waste
Section Limit
Solid Waste
Groundwater
Protection
Standard
NC 2L
Standard
Units
Arsenic
14
EPA 200.7
10
NE
10
ug /L
Barium
15
EPA 200.7
100
NE
700
ug /L
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
316
SM 5210B
NE
NE
NE
mg /L
Boron
428
EPA 200.7
NE
NE
700
ug /L
Cadmium
34
EPA 200.8
1
NE
2
ug /L
Chemical Oxygen Demand
317
SM 5220D
NE
NE
NE
mg /L
Chloride
301
EPA 300 or SM4500 -C1 /E
NE
NE
250
mg /L
Chromium
51
EPA 200.7
10
NE
10
ug /L
Copper
54
EPA 200.7
10
1000
1000
ug /L
Fluoride
312
SM4500 F/C
2
NE
2
mg /L
Iron
340
EPA 200.7
300
NE
300
ug /L
Lead
131
EPA 200.7
10
NE
15
ug /L
Manganese
342
EPA 200.7
50
NE
50
ug /L
Mercury
132
EPA 245.1
0.2
NE
1
ug /L
Nickel
152
EPA 200.7
50
NE
100
ug /L
Nitrate
303
353.2 or EPA 3 00. 0
NE
NE
10
mg /L
Selenium
183
EPA 200.7
10
NE
20
ug /L
Silver
184
EPA 200.7
10
NE
20
ug /L
Sulfate
315
300
NE
NE
250
mg /L
Thallium
194
EPA 200.8
5.5
0.2
0.2
ug /L
Total Dissolved Solids
311
SM 2540C
NE
NE
500
mg /L
Total Organic Carbon
357
SM 5310B
NE
NE
NE
mg /L
Zinc
213
EPA 200.7
10
NE
1000
ug /L
Notes:
1. NE =not established
2. ug /L = micrograms per liter
3. mg /L = milligrams per liter
4. Solid Waste Section Limit as defined in http: / /www.wastenotnc.org /sw /swenvmonitoringlist.asp.
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Progress Energy Golder Associates NC, Inc.
Mavo CCP Monofill Page 1 of 1 Project No. 063 - 6562024

DRAWING

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A
BORING LOGS/WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORDS

RECORD OF BOREHOLE PZ- 1 /MW -1 SHEET 1of 1
PROJECT: PE - Mayo (Investigation 1) DRILL RIG: Deidrich D -50 Turbo NORTHING: 1,010,026.6 DEPTH W.L.: 16.4 ft
PROJECT NUMBER: 0636562014 DATE STARTED: 11/9/09 EASTING: 2,021,003.0 DATE W.L.: 2/17/10
DRILLED DEPTH: 38.0 it DATE COMPLETED: 11/10/09 GS ELEVATION: 497.8 it TIME W.L.: 10:42 am
LOCATION: Roxboro, NC TOC ELEVATION: 500.2 it
SOIL PROFILE
SAMPLES
Z
O
MONITORING WELL/
WELL
0
ELEV.
o
a w
v
a_
V
in
=
w
w
BLOWS
0
PIEZOMETER
CONSTRUCTION
o
J
DESCRIPTION
Q p
y
per 6 in
N
Lu
DIAGRAM and NOTES
DETAILS
w
Q
DE H
D
F
0
Z
140 lb hammer
30 inch drop
0
0.0 - 4.0
cli
WELL
Sandy CLAY, Some Fine Sand, Well
28'
Graded, Brown, Low to Medium Plasticity,
r W
Material: PVC
Dry
CL
' "
Diameter: 2"
495
Joint Type: Threaded
SS
4 -22 -35 -50/6
>50
"7
44 .8
ai
WELL SCREEN
4.0-5.0
ML
482.8
2.0
Interval: 28'-38'
5
Sand SILT, Some Fine Sand, Well Graded,
Y
a v
Material: PVC
5.0
Light Greenish Gray, Low Plasticity, Rock
a°
Diameter: 2"
Fragments Present (Dark Color), Dry
iii iii
Slot Size: 0.010"
5.0 - 10.0
`' '^
End Cap: PVC
PWR, Sandy Sift, Some Fine Sand & Trace
ML
490
Coarse Sand, Rock Texture Preserved,
FILTER PACK
Well Graded, Light Greenish Gray, Low
Interval: 26' -38'
Plasticity, Rock Fragments Present, Dry
SS
19- 38- 50/3.5
>50
2 0ii
Type: #2 Sand
to--
10.0 - 15.0
487.8
•0
'j' ;ii
FILTER PACK SEAL
10.0
PWR, Sandy Silt, Scattered Fine Sand,
Portland_
Interval: 22' -26'
Rock Texture Preserved, Well Graded, Light
Cement N
Type: 3/8" Bentonite Chips
Brown, Low Plasticity, Moist
c
ANNULUS SEAL
485
ML
r
;g• ?g•
Interval: l' -26'
0_8
?ij 3Se
Type: Portland Cement
SS
38- 50/4.5
50/4.5
2.0
4828
WELL COMPLETION
15--
15.0-20.0
Pad: 3'x3' Concrete Pad
15.0
PWR, Sandy Silt, Some Fine Sand & Trace
Protective Casing: 4"
Coarse Sand, Rock Texture Preserved,
?a• 23•
Aluminum
Well Graded, Brownish Gray, Low Plasticity,
t'r'
Moist
ML
c
DRILLING METHODS
480
Soil Drill: 4.25 -inch ID HSA
0_7
Rock Drill: N/A
SS
27 -50/2
50/2
2.0
20
477.8
20.0
20.0-25.0
PWR, Sandy Silt, Trace Fine Sand, Well
Graded, Greenish Dark Gray, Low Plasticity,
Moist
475
ML
3/8"
SS
50/3
50/3
a
Bentonite-
472.8
Chips
25
25.0-30.0
25.0
PWR, Sandy Silt, Some Fine Grained Sand,
Rock Texture Preserved, Well Graded, Dark
Grayish Green, Low Plasticity, Rock
470
Fragements Present, Moist
ML
SS
50/1.5
50/1.5
011
2.0
30--
467.8
30.0
i
30.0-35.0
PWR, Silty Sand, Fine Grained Sand, Some
Silt, Rock Texture Preserved, Well Graded,
7
Grayish Green, Low Plasticity, Saturated
#2 Sand - -
465
ML
0.010"
_
j
TD = 38' AUGER REFUSAL
_
Screen Slot
j -
SS
50/1.5
50/1. 5
0_1
u
L 35 -
----- -------- --- - --
462.8
- --
2.0
-
-
1
35.0
L _-
460
Boring completed at 38.0 it
7
-
n 40--
D
J _
ll
L
455
n
D,
45
Z
L
D
n
D
'¢
450
Z
j 50
y
S _
LOG SCALE: 1 in = 6.5 ft GA INSPECTOR: Benjamin Draper
L DRILLING COMPANY: Geologic Exploration CHECKED BY: David Y. Reedy, P.G. �
DRILLER: Mike McConahey DATE: 5/1/10 ASSOCIc'ates
m

RECORD OF BOREHOLE PZ- 54/MW -2 SHEET 1 of 2
PROJECT: PE - Mayo (Investigation 2) DRILL RIG: Deidrich D -120 Track Rig, NORTHING: 1,014,125.6 DEPTH W.L.:
PROJECT NUMBER: 0636562024.202 Geoprobe 7822DT EASTING: 2,022,849.4 DATE W.L.:
DRILLED DEPTH: 73.0 ft DATE STARTED: 4/27/11 GS ELEVATION: 459.5 ft TIME W.L.:
LOCATION: Roxboro, NC DATE COMPLETED: 5/25/11 TOC ELEVATION: 461.3 ft
SOIL PROFILE
SAMPLES
Z
o
ELEV.
Ir
LD
MONITORING WELL/
WELL
v
Lu
¢=
< v
n
=
w
w
BLOWS
PIEZOMETER
CONSTRUCTION
o
w
DESCRIPTION
0
a, O
g
°}
per 6 in
N
¢
DIAGRAM and NOTES
DETAILS
W
¢
C7
DEPTH
fft)
Z
1401b hammer
30 inch drop
0
0.0 - 6.0
zG
WELL CASING
Silty SAND, Little Silt, Fine Sand, Well
Interval: - 1.83 -53'
Graded, Light Olive Brown, Low Plasticity,
a w
Material: PVC
Dense, Dry
" i1
Diameter: 2"
"?
Joint Type: Threaded
SM
WELL SCREEN
Interval: 53 -73'
1_3
455
Material: PVC
5
SS
3- 13 -20 -28
33
2 0
i1: ;i
Diameter: 2"
-
4515
i °zj i's:
'' `
Slot Size: 0.010"
End Ca PVC
p'
6.0-11.0
�° pa v
6.0
PWR, Silty Sand, Little Silt, Fine to Medium
a o
°D4n
FILTER PACK
Sand, Well Graded, Yellowish Brown, Low
Interval: 48 -73'
Plasticity, Very Dense, D
y
Dv p
o a°
Type: #2 Sand
PWR
pav
Ei: ii;
a o
° D
H ;_;
FILTER PACK SEAL
450
Interval: 45 -48'
10
Do 17
SS
14 -39 -50/5
49
2:0
Type: 3/8" Bentonite Chips
° a
448.5
a v
ANNULUS SEAL
11.0 -16.0
p °n °o
11.0
PWR, Fine to Medium Sand, Trace Silt,
a o D
2i; ?a;
Interval: 0 -45'
Type: Portland Cement
Some Medium Sand, Fine Sand, Well
a o4p
? ?
Graded, Light Olive Brown, Low Plasticity,
Dpoa°
WELL COMPLETION
Very Dense, Dry
PWR
° a
i i?
Pad: N/A
445
a o 6
o D o
Protective Casing: N/A
15
D� 17
SS
11 -50/6
50/6
0.7
20
a °,
DRILLING METHODS
° a
443.5
": °H
Soil Drill: 4.25 -inch ID HSA
Rock Drill: 6 -inch Downhole
16.0-21.0
o °pao
16.0
PWR, Silty Sand, Little Silt, Little Coarse
p o
Hammer
Sized Rock Fragments, Some Medium
o
a d
Sand, Fine Sand, Well Graded, Light Olive
Dooaa
Brown, Low Plasticity, Very Dense, Moist
PWR
° av
iI: :I:
d
N
440
vD �
20
D� ao
SS
24 -5011
50/1
2.0
° a
438.5
21.0 -26.0
p °pav
21.0
a
PWR, Fine to Medium Sand, Trace Silt,
a o
'';
Little Coarse Sized Rock Fragments, Some
oD aQ
Portland
Medium Sand, Fine Sand, Well Graded,
Da pao
Cement
Light Yellowish Brown, Low Plasticity, Very
PWR
o a °
Dense, Moist
435
o D
25
DQ
d °a°
SS
11 -27 -50/5
37
0 =3
2.0
?a
° a
433.5
-
26.0 -31.0
°pao
V
V
26.0
No Recovery, Description taken from auger
o
i
cuttings
a a
Da °a°
'
PWR, Fine to Medium Sand, Trace Silt,
j
Little Coarse Sized Rock Fragments, Some
PWR
° a
7
Medium Sand, Fine Sand, Well Graded,
"g V,
430
Light Yellowish Brown, Low Plasticity, Very
v> <A
? 30-
Dense, Moist
Dap�a o
SS
it -50 /0
50 /0
2.0
- -
NOTE: Took Bulk Sample Q 30'
° a
428.5
a
_
31.0 -38.0
p °O pao
31.0
•e ••
PWR, Fine to Medium Sand, Trace Silt,
d a
7
Little Coarse Sized Rock Fragments, Some
Medium Sand, Fine Sand, Well Graded,
ov
ao
Light Yellowish Brown, Low Plasticity, Very
-
j
Dense, Moist
-425
PWR
v><A
7 35-
oPao
SS
15.5014
50/4
2:3
?:
_
o a
38'- Auger Refusal
N N
]
vV
-
421
�
38.0. 45.0
38.0 0
Began Rock Drilling
- 420
BEDROCK; Gray rock cuttings; No dust;
40
Smoke; Numerous small fractures to 43'
noted by rods dropping; Hard
=
D
n
BR
a1
gse :y;
D
415
414.5
~ v
45
y
Log continued on next page
a a
LOG SCALE: 1 in = 5.5 ft GA INSPECTOR: Benjamin Draper
L DRILLING COMPANY: Geologic Exploration CHECKED BY: David Y. Reedy, P.G. 0-1 Golcier
DRILLER: Brian Thomas /Johnny Burr DATE: 9/1/11 �SSOClc�eS
n

RECORD OF BOREHOLE PZ- 54/MW -2 SHEET 2of 2
PROJECT: PE - Mayo (Investigation 2) DRILL RIG: Deidrich D -120 Track Rig, NORTHING: 1,014,125.6 DEPTH W.L.:
PROJECT NUMBER: 0636562024.202 Geoprobe 7822DT EASTING: 2,022,849.4 DATE W.L.:
DRILLED DEPTH: 73.0 ft DATE STARTED: 4/27/11 GS ELEVATION: 459.5 ft TIME W.L.:
LOCATION: Roxboro, NC DATE COMPLETED: 5/25/11 TOC ELEVATION: 461.3 ft
SOIL PROFILE
SAMPLES
I
Z
F
MONITORING WELL/
WELL
�?
ELEV.
cc
IL
�-
rn
=O
w
w
BLOWS
v
PIEZOMETER
CONSTRUCTION
o
DESCRIPTION
Q O
y
per 6 in
N
w
DIAGRAM and NOTES
DETAILS
w
m
DEPTH
Z
140 lb hammer
45
(ft)
30 inch drop
45.0-52.0
45.0
WELL CASING
BEDROCK; Gray rock cuttings & dust;
3!te
Interval: - 1.83 -53'
Small fractures spread further apart; Hard
Bentonite -
Material: PVC
Chips
Diameter: 2"
Joint Type: Threaded
BR
WELLSCREEN
Interval: 53 -73'
410
Material: PVC
50
Diameter: 2"
Slot Size: 0.010"
End Cap: PVC
52.0 - 610
407.5
FILTER PACK
52.0
BEDROCK; Gray cuttings & dust; Making a
Interval: 48 -73'
of of dust; Hard
Type: #2 Sand
FILTER PACK SEAL
405
Interval: 45 -48'
55
Type: 3/8" Bentonite Chips
ANNULUSSEAL
Interval: 0 -45'
Type: Portland Cement
BR
WELL COMPLETION
Pad: N/A
400
Protective Casing: N/A
60
DRILLING METHODS
#2 Sand -
Soil Drill: 4.25 -inch ID HSA
Rock Drill: 6 -inch Downhole
Hammer
396.5
0.010" Slot
63.0
63.0-73.0
_
Size
BEDROCK; Gray cuttings & dust: Making a
395
lot of dust; Hard
65
BR
i
390
70
386.5
73.0: Total Depth - Makes water after a
short wait
385
Boring completed at 73.0 ft
75
380
80
i
i
i
i
i
- 375
85
i
i
i
370
� 90 -
i
LOG SCALE: 1 in = 5.5 ft GA INSPECTOR: Benjamin Draper
DRILLING COMPANY: Geologic Exploration CHECKED BY: David Y. Reedy, P.G. 'Golder
kssodateS
DRILLER: Brian Thomas /Johnny Burr DATE: 9/1/11

RECORD OF BOREHOLE PZ- 62/MW -3 SHEET 1 of 1
PROJECT: PE - Mayo (Investigation 2) DRILL RIG: Deidrich D -120 Track Rig NORTHING: 1,013,786.9 DEPTH W.L.:
PROJECT NUMBER: 0636562024.202 DATE STARTED: 4/27/11 EASTING: 2,023,408.2 DATE W.L.:
DRILLED DEPTH: 29.0 ft DATE COMPLETED: 4/27/11 GS ELEVATION: 405.6 ft TIME W.L.:
LOCATION: Roxboro, NC TOC ELEVATION: 406.4 ft
SOIL PROFILE
SAMPLES
z
0
MONITORING WELD
WELL
ELEV.
o_
Lu
r
>�
n
=�
w
w
BLOWS
v
PIEZOMETER
CONSTRUCTION
o
J
DESCRIPTION
�
a p
J
y
per 6 in
N
w
o=
DIAGRAM and NOTES
DETAILS
Lu
¢
0
DEPTH
�
Z
~
1401b hammer
0
(ft)
30 inch drop
405
0.0.6.0
PWR, Fine to Medium Sand, Little Coarse
Da°
a o
WELL CASING
Size Rock Fra
Fragments, Some Medium Sand,
g
° 4�
° v
a
Interval: - 0.80 -14'
Material: PVC
Fine Sand, Well Graded, Brownish Yellow,
D�pQe
° °e R:
Diameter: 2"
Low Plasticity, Very Dense, Moist
°
,Y:
Joint Type: Threaded
PWR
vpDd
ao
U.
vDdn
e::
WELLSCREEN
o pa o
Interval: 14 -29'
SS
17 -50/5
50/5
0_9
5
o DSO
Portland_ :i3 if1
Material: PVC
Diameter: 2"
400
v °D
4
399.6
20
Cement :& IE
Slot Size: 0.010"
6.0 - 11.0
,`. ,r.
End Cap: PVC
o Ddv
6.0
PWR, Silty Sand, Little Silt, Fine Sand, Well
a o
FILTER PACK
Graded, Light Olive Brown, Low Plasticity,
Interval: 12 -29'
Very Dense, Dry
op o
a
v
Type: #2 Sand
PWR
v°Dap
d
FILTER PACK SEAL
10
DOpan
SS
23 -50/2
50/2
2:o
Interval: 10 -12'
Type: 3/8" Benionite Chips
395
11.0.16.0
p a
394.6
318"
8enChips-
ANNULUS SEAL
o
11.0
PWR, Sandy Silt, Some Fine Sand, Well
Da°
a D
Chips
Interval: 0 -10'
Graded, Light Olive Brown, Low Plasticity,
a de
Type: Portland Cement
Hard, Moist
�ePao
PWR
o p °
WELL COMPLETION
Pad: N/A
vD o
4
Protective Casing: N/A
15
D�pao
SS
16 -50/4
50/4
20
DRILLING METHODS
390
P a
389.6
Soil Drill: 4.25 -inch ID HSA
16.0-21.0
Rock Drill: N/A
'7 D° 0
16.0
PWR, Fine to Medium Sand, Trace Silt,
a o O
Some Medium Sand, Fine Sand, Well
o D o0
17 P,
Graded, Light Olive Brown, Low Plasticity,
Very Dense, Moist
PWR
p a v
oD �
d
20
° o
SS
15 -50/5
50/5
0_6
2.0
385
p a
384.6
#2 Sand -
21.0-29.0
0.010" Slot
o Dd v
21.0
PWR, Fine to Medium Sand, Trace Silt,
a o D
Size
Some Medium Sand, Fine Sand, Well
a odp
Graded, Light Olive Brown, Low Plasticity,
Dpoae
Very Dense, Moist
p a 0
vD d
4
25
PWR
Dap�do
S
50/5
07
380
Qp Ddv
oD �
4
�p oao
376.6
__
29.0: Auger Refusal
30 --
Boring completed at 29.0 It
- 375
35
370
40-
-
365
45 -
LOG SCALE: 1 in = 5.5 ft GA INSPECTOR: Benjamin Draper
DRILLING COMPANY: Geologic Exploration CHECKED BY: David Y. Reedy, P.G. I ei
@-Ussoodates-
DRILLER: Brian Thomas DATE: 9/1/11

RECORD OF BOREHOLE PZ- 55/MW -5 SHEET 1 of 2
PROJECT: PE - Mayo (Investigation 2) DRILL RIG: Deidrich D -120 Track Rig, NORTHING: 1,012,509.9 DEPTH W.L.:
PROJECT NUMBER: 0636562024.202 Geoprobe 7822DT EASTING: 2,023,232.9 DATE W.L.:
DRILLED DEPTH: 63.0 ft DATE STARTED: 4/20/11 GS ELEVATION: 445.7 ft TIME W.L.:
LOCATION: Roxboro, NC DATE COMPLETED: 5/26/11 TOC ELEVATION: 447.6 ft
SOIL PROFILE
SAMPLES
Z
ELEV.
¢
O
MONITORING WELL/
WELL
w�a w
¢ =
��
n
=�
m
w
BLOWS
o
PIEZOMETER
CONSTRUCTION
o
Lu
DESCRIPTION
0
<O
�
°}
per 6 in
N
w¢
DIAGRAM and NOTES
DETAILS
w
¢
C7
DEPTH
D
Z
I'
140 lb hammer
(f1)
30 inch drop
0
0.0-6.0
WELL CASING
445
Silty SAND, Little Silt, Fine Sand, Well
Interval: - 1.90 -48'
Graded, Brownish Yellow (Matrix) w/ Black
a
Material: PVC
(Striations), Rock Texture Preserved, Low
"•° "•:
Diameter: 2"
Plasticity, Medium Dense, Dry
°h °fi
Joint Type: Threaded
SM
WELLSCREEN
Interval: 48 -63'
°
N
Material: PVC
5--
SS
3- 4 -14 -19
18
23
:i
Diameter: 2"
440
439.7
iii is•
Slot Size: 0.010"
.c sr
End Cap: PVC
6.0 -11.0
pa
v D o
6.0
PWR, Silty Sand, Lttle Silt, Fine Sand, Well
a Il p
° D 4Il
FILTER PACK
Graded, Yellow, Rock Texture Preserved,
D
Interval: 45 -63'
Low Plasticity, Very Dense, Dry
p o
o a
w
Type: #2 no
PWR
177
o D d
n
FILTER PACK SEAL
a
Interval: 42 -45'
10
opao
sS
2 -22 -50/2
47
2.70
Type: 3/8" Bentonite Chips
435
° a
434.7
11.0.16.0
r
ANNULUS SEAL
p °D °v
11.0
PWR, Silty Sand, Little Silt, Little Coarse
interval: 0 -42'
Type: Portland Cement
Sized Rock Fragments, Little Medium to
IV
iii iii
Coarse Sand, Fine Sand, Well Graded,
Dn a°
WELL COMPLETION
Yellow (Matrix) w/ Black (Striations), Rock
PWR
p a
v D o
Pad: NIA
Texture Preserved, Low Plasticity, Very
°Ddo
Protective Casing: N/A
Dense, Dry
v
15
DvpVdo
SS
15 -50 /5
50 /5
2.p
DRILLING METHODS
430
a
4293
°.e :e
Soil Drill: 4.25 -inch ID HSA
Rock Drill: 6 -inch Downhole
16.0-21.0
16.0
Silty SAND, Little Silt, Little Coarse Sized
Hammer
Rock Fragments, Fine Sand, Well Graded,
Yellowish Brown, Rock Texture Preserved,
Low Plasticity, Very Dense, Dry
SM
20
SS
12 -22.36 -50/6
>50
1_0
2.0
425
-
424.7
Portland
21.0-26.0
v °Da
D
21.0
_
Cement
ti;
PWR, Silty Sand, Trace Coarse Sized Rock
o a
ii•
Fragments, Little Silt, Fine Sand, Well
aDQIl
Graded, Yellowish Brown, Rock Texture
Dpoao
Preserved, Low Plasticity, Very Dense, Dry
PWR
° a v
oD Il
25
Dvp�do
SS
50/5
50/5
2.40
420
p a
419.7
26.0 -31.0
p °Dav
26.0
PWR, Silty Sand, Trace Coarse Sand, Little
D
Silt, Fine Sand, Well Graded, Dark
o
a o p
Yellowish Brown, Rock Texture Preserved,
Dpoa°
Low Plasticity, Very Dense, Moist
PWR
p a
v D °
-M iii
°Ilp
o DQIl
30--
DpP4o
SS
9 -15 -50/4
27,5
p
-
-415
° a
414.7
w
31.0 -39.0
p °Dao
31.0
Eie ?i;
-
PWR, Fine Sand, Trace Silt, Poorly Graded,
a Il p
7
Yellowish Brown, Rock Texture Preserved,
v D dIl
a
iii ix
Low Plasticity, Very Dense, Moist
DIl oda
vp Da °
gi
-
vDQIl
m ii
35--
j 5
PWR
DOpa°D
SS
12.50/4
50/4
27
410
CJ Da °
vD 4
4
Dpoao
-
39'- Auger Refusal
Dd
V v
p p
°
406.7
7
39,0-44.0
39.0
40
Began Rock Drilling
BEDROCK; Gray rock cuttings; Hammer
405
sounds; Hard
j
BR
C
3/8"
-
-
401.7
Bentonite --
44.0
Chips
8R
45--
u
Log continued on next page
c
LOG SCALE: 1 in = 5.5 ft GA INSPECTOR: Benjamin Draper T
c DRILLING COMPANY: Geologic Exploration CHECKED BY: David Y. Reedy, P.G. "alp
DRILLER: Brian Thomas /Johnny Burr DATE: 9/1/11 EISSOCiates
0

RECORD OF BOREHOLE PZ- 55/MW -5 SHEET 2of 2
PROJECT: PE - Mayo (Investigation 2) DRILL RIG: Deidrich D -120 Track Rig, NORTHING: 1,012,509.9 DEPTH W.L.:
PROJECT NUMBER: 0636562024.202 Geoprobe 7822DT EASTING: 2,023,232.9 DATE W.L.:
DRILLED DEPTH: 63.0 ft DATE STARTED: 4/20/11 GS ELEVATION: 445.7 ft TIME W.L.:
LOCATION: Roxboro, NC DATE COMPLETED: 5/26/11 TOC ELEVATION: 447.6 ft
SOIL PROFILE
SAMPLES
=
Z
O
MONITORING WELU
WELL
ELEV.
Q
w�
ti
>�
n
=0
w
w
BLOWS
PIEZOMETER
CONSTRUCTION
o
J
DESCRIPTION
Cn
Q O
2i
y
per 6 in
TN-w
DIAGRAM and NOTES
DETAILS
w
¢
DEPTH
fftZ
140 lb hamme
45
30 inch drop
400
44.0.00
BEDROCK; Gray rock cuttings; A little dust;
WELL CASING
Hard (Continued)
Interval: - 1.90 -48'
Material: PVC
BR
Diameter: 2"
Joint Type: Threaded
396.7
WELL SCREEN
49.0 - 54.0
Interval: 48 -63'
49.0
50--
BEDROCK; Gray rock cuttings; Dust
Material: PVC
building; Hard
Diameter: 2"
395
Slot Size: 0.010"
End Cap: PVC
BR
FILTER PACK
Interval: 45 -63'
Type: #2 Sand
54.0 - 56.0
391'7
#2 Sand —
FILTER PACK SEAL
54.0
55--
BEDROCK; Greenish -gray cuttings & dust;
BR
Interval: 42 -45'
A lot of dust; Hard
0.010" Slot
Type: 3/8" Bentonite Chips
390
389.7
Size
56.0 - 63.0
ANNULUS SEAL
56.0
Fracture; Lose dust; Most likely making
Interval: 0 -42'
water
Type: Portland Cement
WELL COMPLETION
Pad: N/A
BR
Protective Casing: N/A
60—
DRILLING METHODS
385
Soil Drill: 4.25 -inch ID HSA
Rock Drill: 6 -inch Downhole
Hammer
382.7
63.0: Total Depth; Water present after a
short wait
Boring completed at 63.0 it
65
380
70
375
75
370
80
365
85
I
I
I
360
90 —
LOG SCALE: 1 in = 5.5 ft GA INSPECTOR: Benjamin Draper
DRILLING COMPANY: Geologic Exploration CHECKED BY: David Y. Reedy, P.G. _ - FGokier
U=Zdates
DRILLER: Brian Thomas /Johnny Burr DATE: 9/1/11

APPENDIX B
ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

a �
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexter E. Matthews, Director Division of Waste Management ment Mi l F. Easley, Governor
William G. Eons Jr., secretary
October 27, 2006
To: SW Director /County Manager /Consultant/Laboratory
From: NC DENR -DWM, Solid Waste Section
Re: New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data
The Solid Waste Section receives and reviews a wide variety of environmental monitoring data from permitted
solid waste management facilities, including the results from groundwater and surface water analyses, leachate
samples, methane gas readings, potentiometric measurements, and corrective action data. We are in the process
of developing a database to capture the large volume of data submitted by facilities.
To maintain the integrity of the database, it is critical that facilities, consultants, and laboratories work with the
Solid Waste Section to ensure that environmental samples are collected and analyzed properly with the resulting
data transferred to the Solid Waste Section in an accurate manner.
In order to better serve the public and to expedite our review process, the Solid Waste Section is requesting
specific formatting for environmental monitoring data submittals for all solid waste management facilities.
Effective, December 1, 2006, please submit a Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form in
addition to your environmental monitoring data report. This form will be sent in lieu of your current cover
letter to the Solid Waste Section. The Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form must be filled out
completely, signed, and stamped with a Board Certified North Carolina Geologist License Seal.
The solid waste environmental monitoring data form will include the following:
1. Contact Information
2. Facility Name
3. Facility Permit Number
4. Facility Address
5. Monitoring Event Date (MM /DD /YYYY)
6. Water Quality Status: Monitoring, Detection Monitoring, or Assessment Monitoring
7. Type of Data Submitted: Groundwater Monitoring Wells, Groundwater Potable Wells, Leachate,
Methane Gas, or Corrective Action Data
8. Notification of Exceedance of Groundwater, Surface Water, or Methane Gas (in table form)
9. Signature
10. North Carolina Geologist Seal
16461 ail Bernice Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 2F 999 -1949
l ='I over 919-508-8400 `� FAQ: 919-71f -4810 ` Internet http,//wastenotnc.org
�n Eqt ,I r,cti. i� Ernpko ei — Print ; nip �l.riI F� it ., e .., ..I. ? P ,per

Page 2 of 2
Most of these criteria are already being included or can be added with little effort. The Solid Waste
Environmental Monitoring Data Form can be downloaded from our website:
http: / /www.wastenotnc.org /swhome /enviro monitoring.asp.
The Solid Waste Section is also requesting a new format for monitoring wells, potable wells, surface water
sampling locations, and methane probes. This format is essential in the development and maintenance of the
database. The Solid Waste Section is requesting that each sampling location at all North Carolina solid waste
management facilities have its own unique identification number. We are simply asking for the permit number
to be placed directly in front of the sampling location number (example: 9901 -MW1 = Permit Number 99 -01
and Monitoring Well MW -1). No changes will need to be made to the well tags, etc. This unique identification
system will enable us to accurately report data not only to NCDENR, but to the public as well. We understand
that this new identification system will take some time to implement, but we feel that this will be beneficial to
everyone involved in the long term.
Additionally, effective December 1, 2006, the Practical Quantitation Limits (PQLs) established in 1994
will change. The Solid Waste Section is requiring that all solid waste management facilities use the new Solid
Waste Reporting Limits (SWRL) for all groundwater analyses by a North Carolina Certified Laboratory.
Laboratories must also report any detection of a constituent even it is detected below the new SWRL (e.g., J
values where the constituent was detected above the detection limit, but below the quantitation limit).
PQLs are technology -based analytical levels that are considered achievable using the referenced analytical
method. The PQL is considered the lowest concentration of a contaminant that the lab can accurately detect and
quantify. PQLs provided consistency and available numbers that were achievable by the given analytical
method. However, PQLs are not health- based, and analytical instruments have improved over the years
resulting in lower achievable PQLs for many of the constituents. As a result, the Solid Waste Section has
established the SWRLs as the new reporting limits eliminating the use of the PQLs.
We would also like to take this opportunity to encourage electronic submittal of the reports. This option is
intended to save resources for both the public and private sectors. The Solid Waste Section will accept the
entire report including narrative text, figures, tables, and maps on CD -ROM. The CD -ROM submittal shall
contain a CD -ROM case and both CD -ROM and the case shall be labeled with the site name, site address,
permit number, and the monitoring event date (MM /DD /YYYY). The files may be a .pdf, .txt, .csv, .xls, or .doc
type. Also, analytical lab data should be reported in an .xls file. We have a template for analytical lab data
available on the web at the address listed above.
If you have any questions or concerns, please call (919) 508 -8400. Thank you for your anticipated cooperation
in this matter.

Ate..
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexter R. Matthews, Director
MEMORANDUM
Division of Waste Management
Febwary 23, 2007
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
To: Solid Waste Directors, Landfill Operators, North Carolina Certified Laboratories, and Consultants
From: North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Re: Addendum to October 27, 2006, North Carolina Solid Waste Section Memorandum Regarding New
Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data.
The purpose of this addendum memorandum is to provide further clarification to the October 27, 2006, North
Carolina Solid Waste Section memo titled, "New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data."
The updated guidelines is in large part due to questions and concerns from laboratories, consultants, and the
regulated community regarding the detection of constituents in groundwater at levels below the previous
practical quantitation limits (PQLs). The North Carolina Solid Waste Section solicited feedback from the
regulated community, and, in conjunction with the regulated community, developed new limits. The primary
purpose of these changes was to improve the protection of public health and the environment. The North
Carolina Solid Waste Section is concerned about analytical data at these low levels because the earliest possible
detection of toxic or potentially carcinogenic chemicals in the environment is paramount in the North Carolina
Solid Waste Section's mission to protect human health and the environment. Low level analytical data are
critical for making the correct choices when designing site remediation strategies, alerting the public to health
threats, and protecting the environment from toxic contaminants. The revised limits were updated based on
readily available laboratory analytical methodology and current health -based groundwater protection standards.
Definitions
Many definitions relating to detection limits and quantitation limits are used in the literature and by government
agencies, and commonly accepted procedures for calculating these limits exist. Except for the Solid Waste
Section Limit and the North Carolina 2L Standards, the definitions listed below are referenced from the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The definitions are also an attempt to clarify the meaning of these
terms as used by the North Carolina Solid Waste Section.
Method Detection Limit (MDL) is the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and
reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero.
Method Reporting Limit or Method Quantitation Limit (MRL or MQL) is the minimum concentration of a
target analyte that can be accurately determined by the referenced method.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699 -1646
Phone 919 - 508 -84001 FAX 919 - 715 -36051 Internet http: / /wastenotnc.org 1
An Equal Opportunity I Affirmative Action Employer — Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) is a quantitation limit that represents a practical and routinely achievable
quantitation limit with a high degree of certainty ( >99.9% confidence) in the results. Per EPA Publication
Number SW -846, the PQL is the lowest concentration that can be reliably measured within specified limits of
precision and accuracy for a specific laboratory analytical method during routine laboratory operating
conditions in accordance with "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical /Chemical Methods. The
PQL appears in older NCDENR literature; however, it is no longer being used by the North Carolina Solid
Waste Section.
Solid Waste Section Limit (SWSL) is the lowest amount of analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively
determined with suitable precision and accuracy. The SWSL is the concentration below which reported
analytical results must be qualified as estimated. The SWSL is the updated version of the PQL that appears in
older North Carolina Solid Waste Section literature. The SWSL is the limit established by the laboratory survev
conducted by the North Carolina Solid Waste Section. The nomenclature of the SWRL described in the October
27, 2006, memorandum has changed to the SWSL.
North Carolina 2L Standards (2L) are water quality standards for the protection of groundwaters of North
Carolina as specified in 15A NCAC 2L .0200, Classifications and Water Quality Standards Applicable to the
Groundwaters of North Carolina.
Method Detection Limits (MDLs)
Clarification of detection limits referenced in the October 27, 2006, memorandum needed to be addressed
because of concerns raised by the regulated community. The North Carolina Solid Waste Section is now
requiring laboratories to report to the method detection limit.
Method detection limits are statistically determined values that define the concentration at which measurements
of a substance by a specific analytical protocol can be distinguished from measurements of a blank (background
noise). Method detection limits are matrix- specific and require a well defined analytical method. In the course
of routine operations, laboratories generally report the highest method detection limit for all the instruments
used for a specific method.
In many instances, the North Carolina Solid Waste Section gathers data from many sources prior to evaluating
the data or making a compliance decision. Standardization in data reporting significantly enhances the ability to
interpret and review data because the reporting formats are comparable. Reporting a method detection limit
alerts data users of the known uncertainties and limitations associated with using the data. Data users must
understand these limitations in order to minimize the risk of making poor environmental decisions. Censoring
data below unspecified or non - statistical reporting limits severely biases data sets and restricts their usefulness.
Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSLs)
Due to comments from the regulated community, the North Carolina Solid Waste Section has changed the
nomenclature of the new limits referenced on Page 2 of the October 27, 2006, memorandum, from the North
Carolina Solid Waste Reporting Limits (SWRL) to the Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSL). Data must be
reported to the laboratory specific method detection limits and must be quantifiable at or below the SWSL. The
SWSLs must be used for both groundwater and surface water data reported to the North Carolina Solid Waste
Section. The PQLs will no longer be used.
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The North Carolina Solid Waste Section has considered further feedback from laboratories and the regulated
community and has made some additional changes to the values of the SWSLs. These changes may be viewed
on our webpage:
http://www.wastenotnc.org/sw/swenvmonitoringlist. asp
Analytical Data Reporting Requirements
The strategy for implementing the new analytical data reporting requirements involves reporting the actual
laboratory method detection limit with all analytical laboratory results along with the following requirements:
1) Any analyte detected at a concentration greater than the MDL but less than the SWSL is known to be present,
but the uncertainty in the value is higher than a value reported above the SWSL. As a result, the actual
concentration is estimated. The estimated concentration is reported along with a qualifier ( "J" flag) to alert data
users that the result is between the MDL and the SWSL. Any analytical data below quantifiable levels should
be examined closely to evaluate whether the analytical data should be included in any statistical analysis. A
statistician should make this determination. If an analyte is detected below the North Carolina 2L Standards,
even if it is a quantifiable concentration, compliance action may not be taken unless it is statistically significant
increase over background.
These analwical results may require additional cogflr nation.
2) Any analyte detected at a concentration greater than the SWSL is present, and the quantitated value can be
reported with a high degree of confidence. These analytes are reported without estimated qualification. The
laboratory's MDL and SWSL must be included in the analytical laboratory report. Any reported concentration
of an organic or inorganic constituent at or above the North Carolina 2L Standards will be used for compliance
purposes, unless the inorganic constituent is not statistically significant). Exceedance of the North Carolina 2L
Standards or a statistically significant increase over background concentrations define when a violation has
occurred. Any reported concentration of an organic or inorganic constituent at or above the SWSL that is not
above an North Carolina 2L Standard will be used as a tool to assess the integrity of the landfill system and
predict the possibility that a constituent concentration may exceed the North Carolina 2L Standards in the
future.
These analwical results may be used for compliance irithout f urther cogflrmation.
Failure to comply with the requirements described in the October 27, 2006, memorandum and this addendum to
the October 27, 2006, memorandum will constitute a violation of 15A NCAC 1313 .0601, .0602, or .1632(b),
and the analytical data will be returned and deemed unacceptable. Submittal of unacceptable data may lead to
enforcement action.
Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) Submittal
The North Carolina Solid Waste Section would also like to take this opportunity to encourage electronic
submittal of the reports in addition to the analytical laboratory data. This option is intended to save resources
for both the public and private sectors.
The North Carolina Solid Waste Section will accept the entire report including narrative text, figures, tables,
and maps on CD -ROM. Please separate the figures and tables from the report when saving in order to keep the
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699 -1646
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size of the files smaller. The CD -ROM submittal shall contain a CD -ROM case and both CD -ROM and the
case shall be labeled with the site name, site address, permit number, and the monitoring event date
(MM /DD /YYYY). The reporting files may be submitted as a .pdf, .txt, .csv, .xls,. or .doc type.
Also, analytical lab data and field data should be reported in .xls files. The North Carolina Solid Waste Section
has a template for analytical lab data and field data. This template is available on our webpage:
http:// www. wastenotnc. org /swhome /enviro_monitoring.asp. Methane monitoring data may also be submitted
electronically in this format.
Pursuant to the October 27, 2006, memorandum, please remember to submit a Solid Waste Section
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form in addition to your environmental monitoring data report. This
form should be sealed by a geologist or engineer licensed in North Carolina if hydrogeologic or geologic
calculations, maps, or interpretations are included with the report. Otherwise, any representative that the
facility owner chooses may sign and submit the form. Also, if the concentration of methane generated by the
facility exceeds 100% of the lower explosive limits (LEL) at the property boundary or exceeds 25% of the LEL
in facility strictures (excluding gas control or recovery system components), include the exceedance(s) on the
North Carolina Solid Waste Section Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form.
If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Jaclynne Drummond (919 -508 -8500) or Ervin
Lane (919 -508- 8520).
Thank you for your continued cooperation with this matter.
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ENR usE ONLY ❑Paper Report ❑Electronic Data - Email CD (data loaded: Yes / No Doc/Event #:
NC DENR I I Environmental Monitoring
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Reporting Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NO General Statute 132 -1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132 -6).
Instructions:
• Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
• Please type or print legibly.
• Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed NO 2L groundwater standards or NO 2B surface water standards. The notification
must include a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of each value. (e.g. naturally occurring, off -site source, pre- existing
condition, etc.).
• Attach a notification table of any groundwater or surface water values that equal or exceed the reporting limits.
• Attach a notification table of any methane gas values that attain or exceed explosive gas levels. This includes any structures on or nearby the
facility (NCAC 13B .1629 (4)(a)(i).
• Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDENR -DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NO 27699 -1646.
Solid Waste Monitorina Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: Phone:
I FTIA
of data submitted: (Check all that apply)
Groundwater monitoring data from monitoring wells ❑ Methane gas monitoring data
Groundwater monitoring data from private water supply wells F� Corrective action data (specify)
Leachate monitoring data
Surface water monitoring data Other(specify)
Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
October 20 -24, 2006)
Notification attached?
B No. No groundwater or surface water standards were exceeded.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding a groundwater or surface water standard is attached. It includes a list of groundwater and surface water
monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NO 2L groundwater standard, NC 2B surface water standard or NO Solid Waste GWPS and
preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of any concentration.
0 Yes, a notification of values exceeding an explosive methane gas limit is attached. It includes the methane monitoring points, dates, sample
values and explosive methane gas limits.
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
Facility Representative Name (Print) Title (Area Code) Telephone Number
Signature
Date
Affix NO Licensed/ Professional Geologist Seal

APPENDIX C
GROUNDWATER PURGING AND SAMPLING GUIDELINES

Solid Waste Section
Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface
Water Sampling
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE SECTION
General Sampling Procedures
The following guidance is provided to insure a consistent sampling approach so that sample
collection activities at solid waste management facilities provide reliable data. Sampling must
begin with an evaluation of facility information, historical environmental data and site geologic
and hydrogeologic conditions. General sampling procedures are described in this document.
Planning
Begin sampling activities with planning and coordination. The party contracting with the
laboratory is responsible for effectively communicating reporting requirements and evaluating
data reliability as it relates to specific monitoring activities.
Sample Collection
Contamination Prevention
a.) Take special effort to prevent cross contamination or environmental contamination
when collecting samples.
L If possible, collect samples from the least contaminated sampling location
(or background sampling location, if applicable) to the most contaminated
sampling location.
2. Collect the ambient or background samples first, and store them in
separate ice chests or separate shipping containers within the same ice
chest (e.g. untreated plastic bags).
3. Collect samples in flowing water at designated locations from upstream to
downstream.
b.) Do not store or ship highly contaminated samples (concentrated wastes, free product,
etc.) or samples suspect of containing high concentrations of contaminants in the
same ice chest or shipping containers with other environmental samples.
1. Isolate these sample containers by sealing them in separate, untreated
plastic bags immediately after collecting, preserving, labeling, etc.
2. Use a clean, untreated plastic bag to line the ice chest or shipping
container.
c.) All sampling equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated and transported in a
manner that does not allow it to become contaminated. Arrangements should be
made ahead of time to decontaminate any sampling or measuring equipment that will
be reused when taking samples from more than one well. Field decontamination of
Rev 4 -08

sampling equipment will be necessary before sampling each well to minimize the risk
of cross contamination. Decontamination procedures should be included in reports as
necessary. Certified pre - cleaned sampling equipment and containers may be used.
When collecting aqueous samples, rinse the sample collection equipment with a
portion of the sample water before taking the actual sample. Sample containers do not
need to be rinsed. In the case of petroleum hydrocarbons, oil and grease, or
containers with pre - measured preservatives, the sample containers cannot be rinsed.
d.) Place all fuel- powered equipment away from, and downwind of, any site activities
(e.g., purging, sampling, decontamination).
1. If field conditions preclude such placement (i.e., the wind is from the
upstream direction in a boat), place the fuel source(s) as far away as
possible from the sampling activities and describe the conditions in the
field notes.
2. Handle fuel (i.e., filling vehicles and equipment) prior to the sampling
day. If such activities must be performed during sampling, the personnel
must wear disposable gloves.
3. Dispense all fuels downwind. Dispose of gloves well away from the
sampling activities.
Filling Out Sample Labels
Fill out label, adhere to vial and collect sample. Print legibly with indelible ink. At a
minimum, the label or tag should identify the sample with the following information:
1. Sample location and /or well number
2. Sample identification number
Date and time of collection
4. Analysis required /requested
5. Sampler's initials
6. Preservative(s) used, if any [i.e., HCI, Na2S203, NO3, ice, etc.]
7. Any other pertinent information for sample identification
Sample Collection Order
Unless field conditions justify other sampling regimens, collect samples in the following
order:
1. Volatile Organics and Volatile Inorganics
2. Extractable Organics, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Aggregate Organics and
Oil and Grease
3. Total Metals
4. Inorganic Nonmetallics, Physical and Aggregate Properties, and
Biologicals
5. Microbiological
NOTE: If the pump used to collect groundwater samples cannot be used to collect volatile or
extractable organics then collect all other parameters and ivithdrair the pump and tubing. Then
collect the volatile and extractable organics.
Rev 4 -08

Health and Safety
Implement all local, state, and federal requirements relating to health and safety. Follow all
local, state and federal requirements pertaining to the storage and disposal of any hazardous or
investigation derived wastes.
a.) The Solid Waste Section recommends wearing protective gloves when conducting all
sampling activities.
1. Gloves serve to protect the sample collector from potential exposure to sample
constituents, minimize accidental contamination of samples by the collector,
and preserve accurate tare weights on preweighed sample containers.
2. Do not let gloves come into contact with the sample or with the interior or lip
of the sample container. Use clean, new, unpowdered and disposable gloves.
Various types of gloves may be used as long as the constriction materials do
not contaminate the sample or if internal safety protocols require greater
protection.
3. Note that certain materials that may potentially be present in concentrated
effluent can pass through certain glove types and be absorbed in the skin.
Many vendor catalogs provide information about the permeability of different
gloves and the circumstances under which the glove material might be
applicable. The powder in powdered gloves can contribute significant
contamination. Powdered gloves are not recommended unless it can be
demonstrated that the powder does not interfere with the sample analysis.
4. Change gloves after preliminary activities, after collecting all the samples at a
single sampling point, if torn or used to handle extremely dirty or highly
contaminated surfaces. Properly dispose of all used gloves as investigation
derived wastes.
b.) Properly manage all investigation derived waste (IDW).
5. To prevent contamination into previously uncontaminated areas, properly
manage all IDW. This includes all water, soil, drilling mud, decontamination
wastes, discarded personal protective equipment (PPE), etc. from site
investigations, exploratory borings, piezometer and monitoring well
installation, refurbishment, abandonment, and other investigative activities.
Manage all IDW that is determined to be RCRA - regulated hazardous waste
according to the local, state and federal requirements.
6. Properly dispose of IDW that is not a RCRA - regulated hazardous waste but is
contaminated above the Department's Soil Cleanup Target Levels or the state
standards and /or minimum criteria for ground water quality. If the drill
cuttings /mud orpurged well water is contaminated with hazardous waste,
contact the DWM Hazardous Waste Section (919 -508 -8400) for disposal
options. Maintain all containers holding IDW in good condition. Periodically
inspect the containers for damage and ensure that all required labeling (DOT,
RCRA, etc.) are clearly visible.
Rev 4 -08

Sample Storage and Transport
Store samples for transport carefully. Pack samples to prevent from breaking and to maintain a
temperature of approximately 4 degrees Celsius (°C), adding ice if necessary. Transport samples
to a North Carolina - certified laboratory as soon as possible. Avoid unnecessary handling of
sample containers. Avoid heating (room temperature or above, including exposure to sunlight)
or freezing of the sample containers. Reduce the time between sample collection and delivery to
a laboratory whenever possible and be sure that the analytical holding times of your samples can
be met by the laboratory.
a.) A complete chain -of- custody (COC) form must be maintained to document all
transfers and receipts of the samples. Be sure that the sample containers are labeled
with the sample location and /or well number, sample identification, the date and time
of collection, the analysis to be performed, the preservative added (if any), the
sampler's initials, and any other pertinent information for sample identification. The
labels should contain a unique identifier (i.e., unique well numbers) that can be traced
to the COC form. The details of sample collection must be documented on the COC.
The COC must include the following:
1. Description of each sample (including QA /QC samples) and the number of
containers (sample location and identification)
2. Signature of the sampler
3. Date and time of sample collection
4. Analytical method to be performed
5. Sample type (i.e., water or soil)
6. Regulatory agency (i.e., NCDENR/DWM — SW Section)
7. Signatures of all persons relinquishing and receiving custody of the
samples
8. Dates and times of custody transfers
b.) Pack samples so that they are segregated by site, sampling location or by sample
analysis type. When COC samples are involved, segregate samples in coolers by site.
If samples from multiple sites will fit in one cooler, they may be packed in the same
cooler with the associated field sheets and a single COC form for all. Coolers should
not exceed a maximum weight of 501bs. Use additional coolers as necessary. All
sample containers should be placed in plastic bags (segregated by analysis and
location) and completely surrounded by ice.
1. Prepare and place trip blanks in an ice filled cooler before leaving for the
field.
2. Segregate samples by analysis and place in sealable plastic bags.
3. Pack samples carefully in the cooler placing ice around the samples.
4. Review the COC. The COC form must accompany the samples to the
laboratory. The trip blank(s) must also be recorded on the COC form.
5. Place completed COC form in a waterproof bag, sealed and taped under
the lid of the cooler.
6. Secure shipping containers with strapping tape to avoid accidental
opening.
7. For COC samples, a tamper -proof seal may also be placed over the cooler
lid or over a bag or container containing the samples inside the shipping
cooler.
Rev 4 -08

8. "COC" or "EMERG" should be written in indelible ink on the cooler seal
to alert sample receipt technicians to priority or special handling samples.
9. The date and sample handler's signature must also be written on the COC
seal.
10. Deliver the samples to the laboratory or ship by commercial courier.
NOTE: If transport time to the laboratory is not long enough to alloll,
samples to be cooled to 4° C, a temperature reading of the sample source
must be documented as the field temperature on the COC.fornl. A
doirnirard trend in temperature irill be adequate even if cooling to 4' C is
not achieved. The field temperature should ahrays be documented if there
is any question as to lrhether samples ij,ill have time to cool to 4° C during
shipment. Thermometers must be calibrated annually against an NIST
traceable thermometer and documentation must be retained.
Rev 4 -08

Appendix A - Decontamination of Field Equipment
Decontamination of personnel, sampling equipment, and containers - before and after
sampling - must be used to ensure collection of representative samples and to prevent the
potential spread of contamination. Decontamination of personnel prevents ingestion and
absorption of contaminants. It must be done with a soap and water wash and deionized or
distilled water rinse. Certified pre - cleaned sampling equipment and containers may also be used.
All previously used sampling equipment must be properly decontaminated before sampling and
between sampling locations. This prevents the introduction of contamination into
uncontaminated samples and avoids cross - contamination of samples. Cross - contamination can
be a significant problem when attempting to characterize extremely low concentrations of
organic compounds or when working with soils that are highly contaminated.
Clean, solvent- resistant gloves and appropriate protective equipment must be worn by
persons decontaminating tools and equipment.
Cleaning Reagents
Recommendations for the types and grades of various cleaning supplies are outlined below.
The recommended reagent types or grades were selected to ensure that the cleaned equipment is
free from any detectable contamination.
a.) Detergents: Use Liqui -Nox (or a non - phosphate equivalent) or Alconox (or
equivalent). Liqui -Nox (or equivalent) is recommended by EPA, although Alconox
(or equivalent) may be substituted if the sampling equipment will not be used to
collect phosphorus or phosphorus containing compounds.
b.) Solvents: Use pesticide grade isopropanol as the rinse solvent in routine equipment
cleaning procedures. This grade of alcohol must be purchased from a laboratory
supply vendor. Rubbing alcohol or other commonly available sources of isopropanol
are not acceptable. Other solvents, such as acetone or methanol, may be used as the
final rinse solvent if they are pesticide grade. However, methanol is more toxic to the
environment and acetone may be an analyte of interest for volatile organics.
1. Do not use acetone if volatile organics are of interest
2. Containerize all methanol wastes (including rinses) and dispose as a
hazardous waste.
Pre -clean equipment that is heavily contaminated with organic analytes. Use reagent
grade acetone and hexane or other suitable solvents. Use pesticide grade methylene
chloride when cleaning sample containers. Store all solvents away from potential
sources of contamination.
c.) Analyte -Free Water Sources: Analyte -free water is water in which all analytes of
interest and all interferences are below method detection limits. Maintain
documentation (such as results from equipment blanks) to demonstrate the reliability
and purity of analyte -free water source(s). The source of the water must meet the
requirements of the analytical method and must be free from the analytes of interest.
In general, the following water types are associated with specific analyte groups:
1. Milli -Q (or equivalent polished hater): suitable for all analyses.
Rev 4 -08 6

2. Organic free: suitable for volatile and extractable organics
3. Deionized water: may not be suitable for volatile and extractable
organics.
4. Distilled water: not suitable for volatile and extractable organics, metals
or ultratrace metals.
Use analyte -free water for blank preparation and the final decontamination water
rinse. In order to minimize long -term storage and potential leaching problems, obtain
or purchase analyte -free water just prior to the sampling event. If obtained from a
source (such as a laboratory), fill the transport containers and use the contents for a
single sampling event. Empty the transport container(s) at the end of the sampling
event. Discard any analyte -free water that is transferred to a dispensing container
(such as a wash bottle or pump sprayer) at the end of each sampling day.
d.) Acids:
1. Reagent Grade Nitric Acid: 10 - 15% (one volume concentrated nitric acid
and five volumes deionized water). Use for the acid rinse unless nitrogen
components (e.g., nitrate, nitrite, etc.) are to be sampled. If sampling for
ultra -trace levels of metals, use an ultra -pure grade acid.
2. Reagent Grade Hydrochloric Acid: 10% hydrochloric acid (one volume
concentrated hydrochloric and three volumes deionized water). Use when
nitrogen components are to be sampled.
3. If samples for both metals and the nitrogen- containing components are
collected with the equipment, use the hydrochloric acid rinse, or
thoroughly rinse with hydrochloric acid after a nitric acid rinse. If
sampling for ultra trace levels of metals, use an ultra -pure grade acid.
4. Freshly prepared acid solutions may be recycled during the sampling event
or cleaning process. Dispose of any unused acids according to local
ordinances.
Reagent Storage Containers
The contents of all containers must be clearly marked.
a.) Detergents:
1. Store in the original container or in a HDPE or PP container.
b.) Solvents:
1. Store solvents to be used for cleaning or decontamination in the original
container until use in the field. If transferred to another container for field
use, use either a glass or Teflon container.
2. Use dispensing containers constricted of glass, Teflon or stainless steel.
Note: If stainless steel sprayers are used, any gaskets that contact the
solvents must be constricted of inert materials.
c.) Analyte -Free Water:
1. Transport in containers appropriate for the type of water stored. If the
water is commercially purchased (e.g., grocery store), use the original
containers when transporting the water to the field. Containers made of
glass, Teflon, polypropylene or HDPE are acceptable.
2. Use glass or Teflon to transport organic -free sources of water on -site.
Polypropylene or HDPE may be used, but are not recommended.
Rev 4 -08

3. Dispense water from containers made of glass, Teflon, HDPE or
polypropylene.
4. Do not store water in transport containers for more than three days before
beginning a sampling event.
5. If working on a project that has oversight from EPA Region 4, use glass
containers for the transport and storage of all water.
6. Store and dispense acids using containers made of glass, Teflon or plastic.
General Requirements
a.) Prior to use, clean /decontaminate all sampling equipment (pumps, tubing, lanyards,
split spoons, etc.) that will be exposed to the sample.
b.) Before installing, clean (or obtain as certified pre - cleaned) all equipment that is
dedicated to a single sampling point and remains in contact with the sample medium
(e.g., permanently installed groundwater pump). If you use certified pre - cleaned
equipment no cleaning is necessary.
1. Clean this equipment any time it is removed for maintenance or repair.
2. Replace dedicated tubing if discolored or damaged.
c.) Clean all equipment in a designated area having a controlled environment (house,
laboratory, or base of field operations) and transport it to the field, pre - cleaned and
ready to use, unless otherwise justified.
d.) Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field- cleaned for other
sites. Rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect in- process (e.g.,
untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples immediately with water.
e.) Whenever possible, transport sufficient clean equipment to the field so that an entire
sampling event can be conducted without the need for cleaning equipment in the
field.
f.) Segregate equipment that is only used once (i.e., not cleaned in the field) from clean
equipment and return to the in -house cleaning facility to be cleaned in a controlled
environment.
g.) Protect decontaminated field equipment from environmental contamination by
securely wrapping and sealing with one of the following:
1. Aluminum foil (commercial grade is acceptable)
2. Untreated butcher paper
3. Clean, untreated, disposable plastic bags. Plastic bags may be used for all
analyte groups except volatile and extractable organics. Plastic bags may
be used for volatile and extractable organics, if the equipment is first
wrapped in foil or butcher paper, or if the equipment is completely dry.
Cleaning Sample Collection Equipment
a.) On- Site /In -Field Cleaning — Cleaning equipment on -site is not recommended because
environmental conditions cannot be controlled and wastes (solvents and acids) must
be containerized for proper disposal.
1. Ambient temperature water may be substituted in the hot, sudsy water bath
and hot water rinses.
NOTE: Properly dispose of all solvents and acids.
Rev 4 -08

2. Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field- cleaned
for other sites.
3. immediately rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect
in- process (e.g., untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples with
water.
b.) Heavily Contaminated Equipment - In order to avoid contaminating other samples,
isolate heavily contaminated equipment from other equipment and thoroughly
decontaminate the equipment before further use. Equipment is considered heavily
contaminated if it:
1. Has been used to collect samples from a source known to contain
significantly higher levels than background.
2. Has been used to collect free product.
3. Has been used to collect industrial products (e.g., pesticides or solvents) or
their byproducts.
NOTE: 0easing heavily contaminated equipment in the f e%d is [tot recOJ ??J ??P,Ylded
On -Site Procedures:
1. Protect all other equipment, personnel and samples from exposure by
isolating the equipment immediately after use.
2. At a minimum, place the equipment in a tightly sealed, untreated, plastic
bag.
3. Do not store or ship the contaminated equipment next to clean,
decontaminated equipment, unused sample containers, or filled sample
containers.
4. Transport the equipment back to the base of operations for thorough
decontamination.
5. If cleaning must occur in the field, document the effectiveness of the
procedure, collect and analyze blanks on the cleaned equipment.
d.) Cleaning Procedures:
1. If organic contamination cannot be readily removed with scrubbing and a
detergent solution, pre -rinse equipment by thoroughly rinsing or soaking
the equipment in acetone.
2. Use hexane only if preceded and followed by acetone.
3. In extreme cases, it may be necessary to steam clean the field equipment
before proceeding with routine cleaning procedures.
4. After the solvent rinses (and /or steam cleaning), use the appropriate
cleaning procedure. Scrub, rather than soak, all equipment with sudsy
water. If high levels of metals are suspected and the equipment cannot be
cleaned without acid rinsing, soak the equipment in the appropriate acid.
Since stainless steel equipment should not be exposed to acid rinses, do
not use stainless steel equipment when heavy metal contamination is
suspected or present.
5. If the field equipment cannot be cleaned utilizing these procedures,
discard unless further cleaning with stronger solvents and /or oxidizing
solutions is effective as evidenced by visual observation and blanks.
6. Clearly mark or disable all discarded equipment to discourage use.
Rev 4 -08

e.) General Cleaning - Follow these procedures when cleaning equipment under
controlled conditions. Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions
and /or recommendations.
1. Procedure for Teflon, stainless steel and glass sampling equipment: This
procedure must be used when sampling for ALL analyte groups.
(Extractable organics, metals, nutrients, etc. or if a single decontamination
protocol is desired to clean all Teflon, stainless steel and glass equipment.)
Rinse equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water
solution (Liqui -Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove
particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water. If
samples for trace metals or inorganic analytes will be collected with the
equipment that is not stainless steel, thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces)
with the appropriate acid solution. Rinse thoroughly with analyte -free
water. Make sure that all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed with
water. If samples for volatile or extractable organics will be collected,
rinse with isopropanol. Wet equipment surfaces thoroughly with free -
flowing solvent. Rinse thoroughly with analyte -free water. Allow to air
dry. Wrap and seal as soon as the equipment has air - dried. If isopropanol
is used, the equipment may be air -dried without the final analyte -free
water rinse; however, the equipment must be completely dry before
wrapping or use. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the
procedure described above.
2. General Cleaning Procedure for Plastic ,�a»zpling Egiiip»zent: Rinse
equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water
solution (Liqui -Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove
particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water.
Thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces) with the appropriate acid solution.
Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions and /or
recommendations. Rinse thoroughly with analyte -free water. Be sure that
all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed. Allow to air dry as long as
possible. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the procedure
described above.
Rev 4 -08 10

Appendix B - Collecting Soil Samples
Soil samples are collected for a variety of purposes. A methodical sampling approach must be
used to assure that sample collection activities provide reliable data. Sampling must begin with
an evaluation of background information, historical data and site conditions.
Soil Field Screening Procedures
Field screening is the use of portable devices capable of detecting petroleum contaminants on
a real -time basis or by a rapid field analytical technique. Field screening should be used to help
assess locations where contamination is most likely to be present.
When possible, field- screening samples should be collected directly from the excavation or
from the excavation equipment's bucket. If field screening is conducted only from the
equipment's bucket, then a minimum of one field screening sample should be collected from
each 10 cubic yards of excavated soil. If instruments or other observations indicate
contamination, soil should be separated into stockpiles based on apparent degrees of
contamination. At a minimum, soil suspected of contamination must be segregated from soil
observed to be free of contamination.
a.) Field screening devices — Many field screen instruments are available for detecting
contaminants in the field on a rapid or real -time basis. Acceptable field screening
instruments must be suitable for the contaminant being screened. The procdedure for
field screening using photoionization detectors (PIDs) and flame ionization detectors
(FIDs) is described below. If other instruments are used, a description of the
instrument or method and its intended use must be provided to the Solid Waste
Section. Whichever field screening method is chosen, its accuracy must be verified
throughout the sampling process. Use appropriate standards that match the use
intended for the data. Unless the Solid Waste Section indicates otherwise, wherever
field screening is recommended in this document, instrumental or analytical methods
of detection must be used, not olfactory or visual screening methods.
b.) Headspace analytical screening procedure for filed screening (semi - quantitative field
screening) - The most commonly used field instruments for Solid Waste Section site
assessments are FIDs and PIDs. When using FIDs and PIDs, use the following
headspace screening procedure to obtain and analyze field- screening samples:
1. Partially fill (one -third to one -half) a clean jar or clean ziplock bag with
the sample to be analyzed. The total capacity of the jar or bag may not be
less than eight ounces (app. 250 ml), but the container should not be so
large as to allow vapor diffusion and stratification effects to significantly
affect the sample.
2. If the sample is collected from a spilt- spoon, it must be transferred to the
jar or bag for headspace analysis immediately after opening the split -
spoon. If the sample is collected from an excavation or soil pile, it must
be collected from freshly uncovered soil.
Rev 4 -08 11

3. If ajar is used, it must be quickly covered with clean aluminum foil or a
jar lid; screw tops or thick ribber bands must be used to tightly seal the
jar. If a zip lock bag is used, it must be quickly sealed shut.
4. Headspace vapors must be allowed to develop in the container for at least
10 minutes but no longer than one hour. Containers must be shaken or
agitated for 15 seconds at the beginning and the end of the headspace
development period to assist volatilization. Temperatures of the
headspace must be warmed to at least 5° C (approximately 40° F) with
instruments calibrated for the temperature used.
5. After headspace development, the instrument sampling probe must be
inserted to a point about one -half the headspace depth. The container
opening must be minimized and care must be taken to avoid the uptake of
water droplets and soil particulates.
6. After probe insertion, the highest meter reading must be taken and
recorded. This will normally occur between two and five seconds after
probe insertion. If erratic meter response occurs at high organic vapor
concentrations or conditions of elevated headspace moisture, a note to that
effect must accompany the headspace data.
7. All field screening results must be documented in the field record or log
book.
Soil Sample Collection Procedures for Laboratory Samples
The number and type of laboratory samples collected depends on the purpose of the sampling
activity. Samples analyzed with field screening devices may not be substituted for required
laboratory samples.
a.) General Sample Collection - When collecting samples from potentially contaminated
soil, care should be taken to reduce contact with skin or other parts of the body.
Disposable gloves should be worn by the sample collector and should be changed
between samples to avoid cross - contamination. Soil samples should be collected in a
manner that causes the least disturbance to the internal stricture of the sample and
reduces its exposure to heat, sunlight and open air. Likewise, care should be taken to
keep the samples from being contaminated by other materials or other samples
collected at the site. When sampling is to occur over an extended period of time, it is
necessary to insure that the samples are collected in a comparable manner. All
samples must be collected with disposable or clean tools that have been
decontaminated. Disposable gloves must be worn and changed between sample
collections. Sample containers must be filled quickly. Soil samples must be placed
in containers in the order of volatility, for example, volatile organic aromatic samples
must be taken first, organics next, then heavier range organics, and finally soil
classification samples. Containers must be quickly and adequately sealed, and rims
must be cleaned before tightening lids. Tape may be used only if known not to affect
sample analysis. Sample containers must be clearly labeled. Containers must
immediately be preserved according to procedures in this Section. Unless specified
Rev 4 -08 12

otherwise, at a minimum, the samples must be immediately cooled to 4 ± 2 °C and this
temperature must be maintained throughout delivery to the laboratory.
b.) Surface Soil Sampling - Surface soil is generally classified as soil between the ground
surface and 6 -12 inches below ground surface. Remove leaves, grass and surface
debris from the area to be sampled. Select an appropriate, pre - cleaned sampling
device and collect the sample. Transfer the sample to the appropriate sample
container. Clean the outside of the sample container to remove excess soil. Label the
sample container, place on wet ice to preserve at 4 °C, and complete the field notes.
c.) Subsurface Soil Sampling — The interval begins at approximately 12 inches below
ground surface. Collect samples for volatile organic analyses. For other analyses,
select an appropriate, pre - cleaned sampling device and collect the sample. Transfer
the sample to the appropriate sample container. Clean the outside of the sample
container to remove excess soil. Label the sample container, place on wet ice to
preserve at 4 °C, and complete field notes.
d.) Equipment for Reaching the Appropriate Soil Sampling Depth - Samples may be
collected using a hollow stem soil auger, direct push, Shelby tube, split -spoon
sampler, or core barrel. These sampling devices may be used as long as an effort is
made to reduce the loss of contaminants through volatilization. In these situations,
obtain a sufficient volume of so the samples can be collected without volatilization
and disturbance to the internal stricture of the samples. Samples should be collected
from cores of the soil. Non - disposable sampling equipment must be decontaminated
between each sample location. NOTE: If a confining laver has been breached during
sampling, grout the hole to land
e.) Equipment to Collect Soil Samples - Equipment and materials that may be used to
collect soil samples include disposable plastic syringes and other "industry- standard"
equipment and materials that are contaminant -free. Non - disposable sampling
equipment must be decontaminated between each sample location.
Rev 4 -08 13

Appendix C - Collecting Groundwater Samples
Groundwater samples are collected to identify, investigate, assess and monitor the concentration
of dissolved contaminant constituents. To properly assess groundwater contamination, first
install sampling points (monitoring wells, etc.) to collect groundwater samples and then perform
specific laboratory analyses. All monitoring wells should be constricted in accordance with 15A
NCAC 2C .0100 and sampled as outlined in this section. Groundwater monitoring is conducted
using one of two methods:
Portable Monitoring: Monitoring that is conducted using sampling equipment that is
discarded between sampling locations. Equipment used to collect a groundwater sample
from a well such as bailers, tubing, gloves, and etc. are disposed of after sample
collection. A new set of sampling equipment is used to collect a groundwater sample at
the next monitor well.
2. Dedicated Monitoring: Monitoring that utilizes permanently affixed down -well and well
head components that are capped after initial set -up. Most dedicated monitoring systems
are comprised of an in -well submersible bladder pump, with air supply and sample
discharge tubing, and an above - ground driver /controller for regulation of flow rates and
volumes. The pump and all tubing housed within the well should be composed of Teflon
or stainless steel components. This includes seals inside the pump, the pump body, and
fittings used to connect tubing to the pump. Because ground water will not be in contact
with incompatible constituents and because the well is sealed from the surface, virtually
no contamination is possible from intrinsic sources during sampling and between
sampling intervals. All dedicated monitoring systems must be approved by the Solid
Waste Section before installation.
Groundwater samples may be collected from a number of different configurations. Each
configuration is associated with a unique set of sampling equipment requirements and
techniques:
Wells without Plumbing: These wells require equipment to be brought to the well to
purge and sample unless dedicated equipment is placed in the well.
2. Wells with In -Place Plumbing: Wells with in -place plumbing do not require equipment
to be brought to the well to purge and sample. In -place plumbing is generally considered
permanent equipment routinely used for purposes other than purging and sampling, such
as for water supply.
3. Air Strippers or Remedial Systems: These types of systems are installed as remediation
devices.
Rev 4 -08 14

Groundwater Sample Preparation
The type of sample containers used depends on the type of analysis performed. First,
determine the type(s) of contaminants expected and the proper analytical method(s). Be sure to
consult your selected laboratory for its specific needs and requirements prior to sampling.
Next, prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.) before taking any samples so
that each sample can be placed in a chilled environment immediately after collection.
Use groundwater purging and sampling equipment constricted of only non - reactive, non -
leachable materials that are compatible with the environment and the selected analytes. In
selecting groundwater purging and sampling equipment, give consideration to the depth of the
well, the depth to groundwater, the volume of water to be evacuated, the sampling and purging
technique, and the analytes of interest. Additional supplies, such as reagents and preservatives,
may be necessary.
All sampling equipment (bailers, tubing, containers, etc.) must be selected based on its
chemical compatibility with the source being sampled (e.g., water supply well, monitoring well)
and the contaminants potentially present.
a.) Pumps - All pumps or pump tubing must be lowered and retrieved from the well
slowly and carefully to minimize disturbance to the formation water. This is
especially critical at the air /water interface.
1. Above - Ground Pumps
• Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump: Use a variable speed peristaltic
pump to purge groundwater from wells when the static water level
in the well is no greater than 20- 25 feet below land surface (BLS).
If the water levels are deeper than 18 -20 feet BLS, the pumping
velocity will decrease. A variable speed peristaltic pump can be
used for normal purging and sampling, and sampling low
permeability aquifers or formations. Most analyte groups can be
sampled with a peristaltic pump if the tubing and pump
configurations are appropriate.
• Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump: A variable speed centrifugal
pump can be used to purge groundwater from 2 -inch and larger
internal diameter wells. Do not use this type of pump to collect
groundwater samples. When purging is complete, do not allow the
water that remains in the tubing to fall back into the well. Install a
check valve at the end of the purge tubing.
2. Submersible Pumps
• Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump: A variable speed
submersible pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater
from 2 -inch and larger internal diameter wells. A variable speed
submersible pump can be used for normal purging and sampling,
and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations. The pump
housing, fittings, check valves and associated hardware must be
constricted of stainless steel. All other materials must be
Rev 4 -08 15

compatible with the analytes of interest. Install a check valve at
the output side of the pump to prevent backflow. If purging and
sampling for organics, the entire length of the delivery tube must
be Teflon, polyethylene or polypropylene (PP) tubing; the
electrical cord must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP and
any cabling must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be
constricted of stainless steel; and all interior components that
contact the sample water (impeller, seals, gaskets, etc.) must be
constricted of stainless steel or Teflon.
Tariable ,Speed Bladder Pnmp: A variable speed, positive displacement,
bladder pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater from 3/4 -inch
and larger internal diameter wells.
• A variable speed bladder pump can be used for normal purging and
sampling, and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations.
• The bladder pump system is composed of the pump, the
compressed air tubing, the water discharge tubing, the controller
and a compressor, or a compressed gas supply.
• The pump consists of a bladder and an exterior casing or pump
body that surrounds the bladder and two (2) check valves. These
parts can be composed of various materials, usually combinations
of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Teflon, polyethylene, PP and
stainless steel. Other materials must be compatible with the
analytes of interest.
• If purging and sampling for organics, the pump body must be
constricted of stainless steel. The valves and bladder must be
Teflon, polyethylene or PP; the entire length of the delivery tube
must be Teflon, polyethylene or PP; and any cabling must be
sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be constricted of stainless
steel.
• Permanently installed pumps may have a PVC pump body as long
as the pump remains in contact with the water in the well.
b.) Bailers
1. Purging: Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing can
cause changes in the chemistry of the water due to aeration and loosening
particulate matter in the space around the well screen. Use a bailer if there
is non - aqueous phase liquid (free product) in the well or if non - aqueous
phase liquid is suspected to be in the well.
2. Sampling: Bailers must be used with caution.
3. Construction and Tvpe: Bailers must be constricted of materials
compatible with the analytes of interest. Stainless steel, Teflon, rigid
medical grade PVC, polyethylene and PP bailers may be used to sample
all analytes. Use disposable bailers when sampling grossly contaminated
sample sources. NCDENR recommends using dual check valve bailers
when collecting samples. Use bailers with a controlled flow bottom to
collect volatile organic samples.
Rev 4 -08 16

4. Contamination Prevention: Keep the bailer wrapped (foil, butcher paper,
etc.) until just before use. Use protective gloves to handle the bailer once
it is removed from its wrapping. Handle the bailer by the lanyard to
minimize contact with the bailer surface.
c.) Lanyards
1. Lanyards must be made of non - reactive, non - leachable material. They
may be cotton twine, nylon, stainless steel, or may be coated with Teflon,
polyethylene or PP.
2. Discard cotton twine, nylon, and non - stainless steel braided lanyards after
sampling each monitoring well.
3. Decontaminate stainless steel, coated Teflon, polyethylene and PP
lanyards between monitoring wells. They do not need to be
decontaminated between purging and sampling operations.
Water Level and Purge Volume Determination
The amount of water that must be purged from a well is determined by the volume of water
and /or field parameter stabilization.
a.) General Equipment Considerations - Selection of appropriate purging equipment
depends on the analytes of interest, the well diameter, transmissivity of the aquifer,
the depth to groundwater, and other site conditions.
1. Use of a pump to purge the well is recommended unless no other
equipment can be used or there is non - aqueous phase liquid in the well, or
non - aqueous phase liquid is suspected to be in the well.
2. Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing:
• Introduces atmospheric oxygen, which may precipitate metals
(i.e., iron) or cause other changes in the chemistry of the water
in the sample (i.e., pH).
• Agitates groundwater, which may bias volatile and semi -
volatile organic analyses due to volatilization.
• Agitates the water in the aquifer and resuspends fine particulate
matter.
• Surges the well, loosening particulate matter in the annular
space around the well screen.
• May introduce dirt into the water column if the sides of the
casing wall are scraped.
NOTE: It is critical for bailers to be sloir/v and gently immersed into the top of the hater
column, particularly during the final stages ofpurging. This minimizes turbidity and
disturbance of volatile organic constituents.
b.) Initial Inspection
1. Remove the well cover and remove all standing water around the top of
the well casing (manhole) before opening the well.
2. Inspect the exterior protective casing of the monitoring well for damage.
Document the results of the inspection if there is a problem.
3. It is recommended that you place a protective covering around the well
head. Replace the covering if it becomes soiled or ripped.
Rev 4 -08 17

4. Inspect the well lock and determine whether the cap fits tightly. Replace
the cap if necessary.
c.) Water Level Measurements - Use an electronic probe or chalked tape to determine the
water level. Decontaminate all equipment before use. Measure the depth to
groundwater from the top of the well casing to the nearest 0.01 foot. Always measure
from the same reference point or survey mark on the well casing. Record the
measurement.
1. Electronic Probe: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Follow the
manufacturer's instructions for use. Record the measurement.
2. Chalked Line Method: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Lower
chalked tape into the well until the lower end is in the water. This is
usually determined by the sound of the weight hitting the water. Record
the length of the tape relative to the reference point. Remove the tape and
note the length of the wetted portion. Record the length. Determine the
depth to water by subtracting the length of the wetted portion from the
total length. Record the result.
d.) Water Column Determination - To determine the length of the water column, subtract
the depth to the top of the water column from the total well depth (or gauged well
depth if silting has occurred). The total well depth depends on the well constriction.
If gauged well depth is used due to silting, report total well depth also. Some wells
may be drilled in areas of sinkhole, karst formations or rock leaving an open
borehole. Attempt to find the total borehole depth in cases where there is an open
borehole below the cased portion.
e.) Well Water Volume - Calculate the total volume of water, in gallons, in the well
using the following equation:
V = (0.041)d x d x h
Where:
V = volume in gallons
d = well diameter in inches
h = height of the water column in feet
The total volume of water in the well may also be determined with the following
equation by using a casing volume per foot factor (Gallons per Foot of Water) for the
appropriate diameter well:
V = [Gallons per Foot of Water] x h
Where:
V = volume in gallons
h = height of the water column in feet
Record all measurements and calculations in the field records.
f.) Purging Equipment Volume - Calculate the total volume of the pump, associated
tubing and flow cell (if used), using the following equation:
V = p + ((0.041)d x d x 1) + fc
Where:
V = volume in gallons
p = volume of pump in gallons
d = tubing diameter in inches
1= length of tubing in feet
Rev 4 -08 18

fc = volume of flow cell in gallons
g.) If the groundwater elevation data are to be used to constrict groundwater elevation
contour maps, all water level measurements must be taken within the same 24 hour
time interval when collecting samples from multiple wells on a site, unless a shorter
time period is required. If the site is tidally influenced, complete the water level
measurements within the time frame of an incoming or outgoing tide.
Well Purging Techniques
The selection of the purging technique and equipment is dependent on the hydrogeologic
properties of the aquifer, especially depth to groundwater and hydraulic conductivity.
a.) Measuring the Purge Volume - The volume of water that is removed during purging
must be recorded. Therefore, you must measure the volume during the purging
operation.
1. Collect the water in a graduated container and multiply the number of
times the container was emptied by the volume of the container, OR
2. Estimate the volume based on pumping rate. This technique may be used
only if the pumping rate is constant. Determine the pumping rate by
measuring the amount of water that is pumped for a fixed period of time,
or use a flow meter.
Calculate the amount of water that is discharged per
minute: D = Measured Amount/Total Time In Minutes
Calculate the time needed to purge one (1) well volume or
one (1) purging equipment volume: Time = V/D
Where: V = well volume or purging equipment volume
D = discharge rate
Make new measurements each time the pumping rate is
changed.
Use a totalizing flow meter
• Record the reading on the totalizer prior to purging.
• Record the reading on the totalizer at the end of purging.
• To obtain the volume purged, subtract the reading on the
totalizer prior to purging from the reading on the totalizer at
the end of purging.
• Record the times that purging begins and ends in the field
records.
b.) Purging Measurement Frequency - When purging a well that has the well screen fully
submerged and the pump or intake tubing is placed within the well casing above the
well screen or open hole, purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting
measurements of the field parameters. Allow at least one quarter (1/4) well volume
to purge between subsequent measurements. When purging a well that has the pump
or intake tubing placed within a fully submerged well screen or open hole, purge until
the water level has stabilized (well recovery rate equals the purge rate), then purge a
minimum of one (1) volume of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell (if used)
prior to collecting measurements of the field parameters. Take measurements of the
field parameters no sooner than two (2) to three (3) minutes apart. Purge at least
Rev 4 -08 19

three (3) volumes of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell, if used, prior to
collecting a sample. When purging a well that has a partially submerged well screen,
purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting measurements of the
field parameters. Take measurements of the field parameters no sooner than two (2)
to three (3) minutes apart.
c.) Purging Completion - Wells must be adequately purged prior to sample collection to
ensure representation of the aquifer formation water, rather than stagnant well water.
This may be achieved by purging three volumes from the well or by satisfying any
one of the following three purge completion criteria:
1.) Three (3) consecutive measurements in which the three (3) parameters listed
below are within the stated limits, dissolved oxygen is no greater than 20
percent of saturation at the field measured temperature, and turbidity is no
greater than 20 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs).
• Temperature: + 0.2° C
• pH: + 0.2 Standard Units
• Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading
Document and report the following, as applicable. The last four items only
need to be submitted once:
Purging rate.
Drawdown in the well, if any.
A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
2.) If it is impossible to get dissolved oxygen at or below 20 percent of saturation
at the field measured temperature or turbidity at or below 20 NTUs, then three
(3) consecutive measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance and
the parameter(s) dissolved oxygen and /or turbidity that do not meet the
requirements above must be within the limits below. The measurements are:
• Temperature: + 0.2° C
• pH: + 0.2 Standard Units
• Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading
• Dissolved Oxygen: + 0.2 mg /L or 10 %, whichever is
greater
• Turbidity: + 5 NTUs or 10 %, whichever is greater
Additionally, document and report the following, as applicable, except that
the last four(4) items only need to be submitted once:
• Purging rate.
• Drawdown in the well, if any.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
dissolved oxygen to be high and /or dissolved oxygen
measurements made within the screened or open hole
portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen
probe.
Rev 4 -08 20

• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to
minimize turbidity in the future.
• A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
3.) If after five (5) well volumes, three (3) consecutive measurements of the field
parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and
turbidity are not within the limits stated above, check the instrument condition
and calibration, purging flow rate and all tubing connections to determine if
they might be affecting the ability to achieve stable measurements. It is at the
discretion of the consultant/contractor whether or not to collect a sample or to
continue purging. Further, the report in which the data are submitted must
include the following, as applicable. The last four (4) items only need to be
submitted once.
• Purging rate.
• Drawdown in the well, if any.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
Dissolved Oxygen to be high and /or Dissolved Oxygen
measurements made within the screened or open hole
portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen
probe.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to
minimize turbidity in the future.
• A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
If wells have previously and consistently purged dry, and the current depth to
groundwater indicates that the well will purge dry during the current sampling
event, minimize the amount of water removed from the well by using the same
pump to purge and collect the sample:
• Place the pump or tubing intake within the well screened
interval.
• Use very small diameter Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing
and the smallest possible pump chamber volume. This will
minimize the total volume of water pumped from the well
and reduce drawdown.
• Select tubing that is thick enough to minimize oxygen
transfer through the tubing walls while pumping.
Rev 4 -08 21

• Pump at the lowest possible rate (100 mL /minute or less) to
reduce drawdown to a minimum.
• Purge at least two (2) volumes of the pumping system
(pump, tubing and flow cell, if used).
• Measure pH, specific conductance, temperature, dissolved
oxygen and turbidity, then begin to collect the samples.
Collect samples immediately after purging is complete. The time period between
completing the purge and sampling cannot exceed six hours. If sample collection
does not occur within one hour of purging completion, re- measure the five field
parameters: temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen and turbidity,
just prior to collecting the sample. If the measured values are not within 10 percent
of the previous measurements, re -purge the well. The exception is "dry" wells.
d.) Lanyards
1. Securely fasten lanyards, if used, to any downhole equipment (bailers,
pumps, etc.).
2. Use bailer lanyards in such a way that they do not touch the ground
surface.
Wells Without Plumbing
a.) Tubing/Pump Placement
1. If attempting to minimize the volume of purge water, position the intake
hose or pump at the midpoint of the screened or open hole interval.
2. If monitoring well conditions do not allow minimizing of the purge water
volume, position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water
column. This will ensure that all stagnant water in the casing is removed.
3. If the well screen or borehole is partially submerged, and the pump will be
used for both purging and sampling, position the pump midway between
the measured water level and the bottom of the screen. Otherwise,
position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water column.
b.) Non - dedicated (portable) pumps
1. L ar able ,Speed Peristaltic P7i»zp
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Attach a short section of tubing to the discharge side of the
pump and into a graduated container.
• Attach one end of a length of new or precleaned tubing to
the pump head flexible hose.
• Place the tubing as described in one of the options listed
above.
• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
Rev 4 -08 22

• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that
water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells (see
Appendix C) or if precleaned tubing is used for each well,
only the pump.
2. L ar able Speed C'entr°fitgal Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Place the decontaminated suction hose so that water is
always pumped from the top of the water column.
• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Equip the suction hose with a foot valve to prevent purge
water from re- entering the well.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that the
water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if
precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump.
Lar able ,Speed Electric ,Sitb»zersible Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Carefully position the decontaminated pump.
Rev 4 -08 23

•
Change gloves before beginning to purge.
•
Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
•
Record these measurements.
•
To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
•
If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
•
If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so
that water is removed from the top of the water column.
•
Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
•
Measure the purge volume.
•
Record this measurement.
•
Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or only
the pump if precleaned tubing is used for each well.
4. L ar able ,Speed Bladdcr P7i»zp
•
Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
•
Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
•
Attach the tubing and carefully position the pump.
•
Change gloves before beginning purging.
•
Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
•
Record these measurements.
•
To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
•
If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
•
If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so
that water is removed from the top of the water column.
•
Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
•
Measure the purge volume.
•
Record this measurement.
•
Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if
precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump.
c.) Dedicated Portable Pumps
1. Lar able ,Speed Elcctr c ,Sitb»zers blc P7i»zp
•
Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves.
Rev 4 -08 24

• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge
rate.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
2. Lariable ,Speed Bladder P7i»zp
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge
rate.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
3. Bailers - Using bailers for purging is not recommended unless care is
taken to use proper bailing technique, or if free product is present in the
well or suspected to be in the well.
• Minimize handling the bailer as much as possible.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Remove the bailer from its protective wrapping just before
use.
• Attach a lanyard of appropriate material.
• Use the lanyard to move and position the bailer.
• Lower and retrieve the bailer slowly and smoothly.
• Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth
approximately a foot above the water column.
• When the bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the
water column at a rate of 2 cm /sec until the desired depth is
reached.
• Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one (1) foot
below the top of the water table so that water is removed
from the top of the water column.
• Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it
descends into the water column.
Rev 4 -08 25

• Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the same
rate of 2 cm /sec until the bottom of the bailer has cleared to
top of the water column.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record the volume of the bailer.
• Continue to carefully lower and retrieve the bailer as
described above until the purging is considered complete,
based on either the removal of 3 well volumes.
• Remove at least one (1) well volume before collecting
measurements of the field parameters. Take each
subsequent set of measurements after removing at least one
quarter (1/4) well volume between measurements.
Groundwater Sampling Techniques
a.) Purge wells.
b.) Replace protective covering around the well if it is soiled or torn after completing
purging operations.
c.) Equipment Considerations
The following pumps are approved to collect volatile organic samples:
• Stainless steel and Teflon variable speed submersible
pumps
Stainless steel and Teflon or polyethylene variable speed
bladder pumps
Permanently installed PVC bodied pumps (As long as the
pump remains in contact with the water in the well at all
times)
2. Collect sample from the sampling device and store in sample container.
Do not use intermediate containers.
3. To avoid contamination or loss of analytes from the sample, handle
sampling equipment as little as possible and minimize equipment exposure
to the sample.
4. To reduce chances of cross - contamination, use dedicated equipment
whenever possible. "Dedicated" is defined as equipment that is to be used
solely for one location for the life of that equipment (e.g., permanently
mounted pump). Purchase dedicated equipment with the most sensitive
analyte of interest in mind.
• Clean or make sure dedicated pumps are clean before
installation. They do not need to be cleaned prior to each
use, but must be cleaned if they are withdrawn for repair or
servicing.
• Clean or make sure any permanently mounted tubing is
clean before installation.
• Change or clean tubing when the pump is withdrawn for
servicing.
• Clean any replaceable or temporary parts.
Rev 4 -08 26

• Collect equipment blanks on dedicated pumping systems
when the tubing is cleaned or replaced.
• Clean or make sure dedicated bailers are clean before
placing them into the well.
• Collect an equipment blank on dedicated bailers before
introducing them into the water column.
• Suspend dedicated bailers above the water column if they
are stored in the well.
Sampling Wells Without Plumbing
a.) Sampling with Pumps — The following pumps may be used to sample for organics:
• Peristaltic pumps
• Stainless steel, Teflon or polyethylene bladder pumps
• Variable speed stainless steel and Teflon submersible
pumps
Peristaltic Pump
• Volatile Organics: One of three methods may be used.
■ Remove the drop tubing from the inlet side
of the pump; submerge the drop tubing into
the water column; prevent the water in the
tubing from flowing back into the well;
remove the drop tubing from the well;
carefully allow the groundwater to drain into
the sample vials; avoid turbulence; do not
aerate the sample; repeat steps until enough
vials are filled. OR
Use the pump to fill the drop tubing; quickly
remove the tubing from the pump; prevent
the water in the tubing from flowing back
into the well; remove the drop tubing from
the well; carefully allow the groundwater to
drain into the sample vials; avoid
turbulence; do not aerate the sample; repeat
steps until enough vials are filled. OR
Use the pump to fill the drop tubing;
withdraw the tubing from the well; reverse
the flow on the peristaltic pumps to deliver
the sample into the vials at a slow, steady
rate; repeat steps until enough vials are
filled.
Extractable Organics: If delivery tubing is not
polyethylene or PP, or is not Teflon lined, use pump and
vacuum trap method. Connect the outflow tubing from the
container to the influent side of the peristaltic pump. Turn
pump on and reduce flow until smooth and even. Discard a
Rev 4 -08 27

small portion of the sample to allow for air space. Preserve
(if required), label, and complete field notes.
• Inorganic samples: These samples may be collected from
the effluent tubing. If samples are collected from the
pump, decontaminate all tubing (including the tubing in the
head) or change it between wells. Preserve (if required),
label, and complete field notes.
2. Lariable ,Speed Bladder P7i»zp
• If sampling for organics, the pump body must be
constricted of stainless steel and the valves and bladder
must be Teflon. All tubing must be Teflon, polyethylene,
or PP and any cabling must be sealed in Teflon,
polyethylene or PP, or made of stainless steel.
• After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate.
• When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the
flow rate to 100 -200mL /minute, if possible.
Lariable Speed Submersible Pump
• The housing must be stainless steel.
• If sampling for organics, the internal impellers, seals and
gaskets must be constricted of stainless steel, Teflon,
polyethylene or PP. The delivery tubing must be Teflon,
polyethylene or PP; the electrical cord must be sealed in
Teflon; any cabling must be sealed in Teflon or constricted
of stainless steel.
• After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate.
• When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the
flow rate to 100 -200mL /minute, if possible.
b.) Sampling with Bailers - A high degree of skill and coordination are necessary to
collect representative samples with a bailer.
1. General Considerations
• Minimize handling of bailer as much as possible.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Remove bailer from protective wrapping just before use.
• Attach a lanyard of appropriate material.
• Use the lanyard to move and position the bailers.
• Do not allow bailer or lanyard to touch the ground.
• If bailer is certified precleaned, no rinsing is necessary.
• If both a pump and a bailer are to be used to collect
samples, rinse the exterior and interior of the bailer with
sample water from the pump before removing the pump.
• If the purge pump is not appropriate for collecting samples
(e.g., non -inert components), rinse the bailer by collecting a
single bailer of the groundwater to be sampled.
• Discard the water appropriately.
Rev 4 -08 28

• Do not rinse the bailer if Oil and Grease samples are to be
collected.
2. Bailing Technique
• Collect all samples that are required to be collected with a
pump before collecting samples with the bailer.
• Raise and lower the bailer gently to minimize stirring up
particulate matter in the well and the water column, which
can increase sample turbidity.
• Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth
approximately a foot above the water column. When the
bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the water column
at a rate of 2 cm /sec until the desired depth is reached.
• Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one foot below
the top of the water table, so that water is removed from the
top of the water column.
• Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it
descends into the water column.
• Do not allow the bailer to touch the bottom of the well or
particulate matter will be incorporated into the sample.
Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the
same rate of 2 cm /sec until the bottom of the bailer has
cleared to top of the water column.
• Lower the bailer to approximately the same depth each
time.
• Collect the sample. Install a device to control the flow
from the bottom of the bailer and discard the first few
inches of water. Fill the appropriate sample containers by
allowing the sample to slowly flow down the side of the
container. Discard the last few inches of water in the
bailer.
• Repeat steps for additional samples.
• As a final step measure the DO, pH, temperature, turbidity
and specific conductance after the final sample has been
collected. Record all measurements and note the time
that sampling was completed.
c.) Sampling Low Permeability Aquifers or Wells that have Purged Dry
1. Collect the sample(s) after the well has been purged. Minimize the amount
of water removed from the well by using the same pump to purge and
collect the sample. If the well has purged dry, collect samples as soon as
sufficient sample water is available.
2. Measure the five field parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance,
dissolved oxygen and turbidity at the time of sample collection.
3. Advise the analytical laboratory and the client that the usual amount of
sample for analysis may not be available.
Rev 4 -08 29

Appendix D - Collecting Samples from Wells with
Plumbing in Place
In -place plumbing is generally considered permanent equipment routinely used for purposes
other than purging and sampling, such as for water supply.
a.) Air Strippers or Remedial Systems - These types of systems are installed as
remediation devices. Collect influent and effluent samples from air stripping units as
described below.
1. Remove any tubing from the sampling port and flush for one to two
minutes.
2. Remove all hoses, aerators and filters (if possible).
3. Open the spigot and purge sufficient volume to flush the spigot and lines
and until the purging completion criteria have been met.
4. Reduce the flow rate to approximately 500 mL /minute (a 1/8" stream) or
approximately 0.1 gal /minute before collecting samples.
5. Follow procedures for collecting samples from water supply wells as
outlined below.
b.) Water Supply Wells — Water supply wells with in -place plumbing do not require
equipment to be brought to the well to purge and sample. Water supply wells at UST
facilities must be sampled for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile
compounds (SVOCs).
1. Procedures for ,Sampling Water ,Supply Wells
• Label sample containers prior to sample collection.
• Prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.
before taking any samples so each collected sample can be
placed in a chilled environment immediately after
collection.
You must choose the tap closest to the well, preferably at
the wellhead. The tap must be before any holding or
pressurization tank, water softener, ion exchange,
disinfection process or before the water line enters the
residence, office or building. If no tap fits the above
conditions, a new tap that does must be installed.
The well pump must not be lubricated with oil, as that may
contaminate the samples.
The sampling tap must be protected from exterior
contamination associated with being too close to a sink
bottom or to the ground. If the tap is too close to the
ground for direct collection into the appropriate container,
it is acceptable to use a smaller (clean) container to transfer
the sample to a larger container.
Leaking taps that allow water to discharge from around the
valve stem handle and down the outside of the faucet, or
taps in which water tends to run up on the outside of the lip,
are to be avoided as sampling locations.
Rev 4 -08 30

• Disconnect any hoses, filters, or aerators attached to the tap
before sampling.
• Do not sample from a tap close to a gas pump. The gas
fumes could contaminate the sample.
2. Collecting L olatile Organic ,samples
• Equipment Needed: VOC sample vials [40 milliliters,
glass, may contain 3 to 4 drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
as preservative]; Disposable gloves and protective goggles;
Ice chest/cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic
bags, bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms.
• Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least
15 minutes. If the well is deep, run water longer (purging
three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is located
directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the holding
tank to prevent any baclflow into the tap where you will
take your sample. This will ensure that the water you
collect is "fresh" from the well and not from the holding
tank. After running the water for at least 15 minutes,
reduce the flow of water. The flow should be reduced to a
trickle but not so slow that it begins to drip. A smooth flow
of water will make collection easier and more accurate.
Remove the cap of a VOC vial and hold the vial under the
stream of water to fill it. Be careful not to spill any acid
that is in the vial. For best results use a low flow of water
and angle the vial slightly so that the water runs down the
inside of the vial. This will help keep the sample from
being agitated, aerated or splashed out of the vial. It will
also increase the accuracy of the sample. As the vial fills
and is almost full, turn the vial until it is straight up and
down so the water won't spill out. Fill the vial until the
water is just about to spill over the lip of the vial. The
surface of the water sample should become mounded. It is
a good idea not to overfill the vial, especially if an acid
preservative is present in the vial. Carefully replace and
screw the cap onto the vial. Some water may overflow as
the cap is put on. After the cap is secure, turn the vial
upside down and gently tap the vial to see if any bubbles
are present. If bubbles are present in the vial, remove the
cap, add more water and check again to see if bubbles are
present. Repeat as necessary. After two samples without
bubbles have been collected, the samples should be labeled
and prepared for shipment. Store samples at 4° C.
Rev 4 -08 31

Collecting Extractable Organic and or Metals ,samples
• Equipment Needed: SVOC sample bottle [1 liter, amber
glass] and /or Metals sample bottle [0.5 liter, polyethylene
or glass, 5 milliliters of nitric acid (HNO3) preservative];
Disposable gloves and protective goggles; Ice
Chest/Cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic bags,
bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms.
• Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least
15 minutes. If the well is deep, run the water longer
(purging three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is
located directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the
holding tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where
you will take your sample. This will ensure that the water
you collect is "fresh" from the well and not from the
holding tank. After running the water for at least 15
minutes, reduce the flow. Low water flow makes
collection easier and more accurate. Remove the cap of a
SVOC or metals bottle and hold it under the stream of
water to fill it. The bottle does not have to be completely
filled (i.e., you can leave an inch or so of headspace in the
bottle). After filling, screw on the cap, label the bottle and
prepare for shipment. Store samples at 4° C.
Rev 4 -08 32

Appendix E - Collecting Surface Water Samples
The following topics include 1.) acceptable equipment selection and equipment constriction
materials and 2.) standard grab, depth - specific and depth- composited surface water sampling
techniques.
Facilities which contain or border small rivers, streams or branches should include surface water
sampling as part of the monitoring program for each sampling event. A simple procedure for
selecting surface water monitoring sites is to locate a point on a stream where drainage leaves the
site. This provides detection of contamination through, and possibly downstream of, site via
discharge of surface waters. The sampling points selected should be downstream from any waste
areas. An upstream sample should be obtained in order to determine water quality upstream of
the influence of the site.
a.) General Cautions
1. When using watercraft take samples near the bow away and upwind from
any gasoline outboard engine. Orient watercraft so that bow is positioned
in the upstream direction.
2. When wading, collect samples upstream from the body. Avoid disturbing
sediments in the immediate area of sample collection.
3. Collect water samples prior to taking sediment samples when obtaining
both from the same area (site).
4. Unless dictated by permit, program or order, sampling at or near man-
made strictures (e.g., dams, weirs or bridges) may not provide
representative data because of unnatural flow patterns.
5. Collect surface water samples from downstream towards upstream.
b.) Equipment and Supplies - Select equipment based on the analytes of interest, specific
use, and availability.
c.) Surface Water Sampling Techniques - Adhere to all general protocols applicable to
aqueous sampling when following the surface water sampling procedures addressed
below.
1. Mamal ,Sampling: Use manual sampling for collecting grab samples for
immediate in -situ field analyses. Use manual sampling in lieu of
automatic equipment over extended periods of time for composite
sampling, especially when it is necessary to observe and /or note unusual
conditions.
• Surface Grab Samples - Do not use sample containers containing
premeasured amounts of preservatives to collect grab samples. If
the sample matrix is homogeneous, then the grab method is a
simple and effective technique for collection purposes. If
homogeneity is not apparent, based on flow or vertical variations
(and should never be assumed), then use other collection protocols.
Where practical, use the actual sample container submitted to the
laboratory for collecting samples to be analyzed for oil and grease,
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and microbiological samples.
This procedure eliminates the possibility of contaminating the
sample with an intermediate collection container. The use of
Rev 4 -08 33

unpreserved sample containers as direct grab samplers is
encouraged since the same container can be submitted for
laboratory analysis after appropriate preservation. This procedure
reduces sample handling and eliminates potential contamination
from other sources (e.g., additional sampling equipment,
environment, etc.).
1. Grab directly into sample container.
2. Slowly submerge the container, opening neck first, into the
water.
3. Invert the bottle so the neck is upright and pointing towards
the direction of water flow (if applicable). Allow water to
run slowly into the container until filled.
4. Return the filled container quickly to the surface.
5. Pour out a few mL of sample away from and downstream
of the sampling location. This procedure allows for the
addition of preservatives and sample expansion. Do not
use this step for volatile organics or other analytes where
headspace is not allowed in the sample container.
6. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and
complete field notes. If sample containers are attached to a
pole via a clamp, submerge the container and follow steps 3
— 5 but omit steps 1 and 2.
• Sampling with an Intermediate Vessel or Container: If the sample
cannot be collected directly into the sample container to be
submitted to the laboratory, or if the laboratory provides
prepreserved sample containers, use an unpreserved sample
container or an intermediate vessel (e.g., beakers, buckets or
dippers) to obtain the sample. These vessels must be constricted
appropriately, including any poles or extension arms used to access
the sample location.
1. Rinse the intermediate vessel with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample.
2. Collect the sample as outlined above using the intermediate
vessel.
3. Use pole mounted containers of appropriate constriction to
sample at distances away from shore, boat, etc. Follow the
protocols above to collect samples.
• Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this
technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately
precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach
polyethylene, Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is
not acceptable for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs.
Extractable organics can be collected through the pump if flexible
interior -wall Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump
head or if used with the organic trap setup.
Rev 4 -08 34

I . Lower appropriately precleaned tubing to a depth of 6 — 12
inches below water surface, where possible.
2. Pump 3 — 5 tube volumes through the system to acclimate
the tubing before collecting the first sample.
3. Fill individual sample bottles via the discharge tubing. Be
careful not to remove the inlet tubing from the water.
4. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and
complete field notes.
• Mid -Depth Grab Samples: Mid -depth samples or samples taken at
a specific depth can approximate the conditions throughout the
entire water column. The equipment that may be used for this type
of sampling consists of the following depth - specific sampling
devices: Kemmerer, Niskin, Van Dorn type, etc. You may also
use pumps with tubing or double check -valve bailers. Certain
constriction material details may preclude its use for certain
analytes. Many Kemmerer samplers are constricted of plastic and
ribber that preclude their use for all volatile and extractable
organic sampling. Some newer devices are constricted of stainless
steel or are all Teflon or Teflon - coated. These are acceptable for
all analyte groups without restriction.
1. Measure the water column to determine maximum depth
and sampling depth prior to lowering the sampling device.
2. Mark the line attached to the sampler with depth
increments so that the sampling depth can be accurately
recorded.
3. Lower the sampler slowly to the appropriate sampling
depth, taking care not to disturb the sediments.
4. At the desired depth, send the messenger weight down to
trip the closure mechanism.
5. Retrieve the sampler slowly.
6. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample. Discard rinsate
away from and downstream of the sampling location.
7. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
• Double Check -Valve Bailers: Collect samples using double check -
valve bailers if the data requirements do not necessitate a sample
from a strictly discrete interval of the water column. Bailers with
an upper and lower check -valve can be lowered through the water
column. Water will continually be displaced through the bailer
until the desired depth is reached, at which point the bailer is
retrieved. Sampling with this type of bailer must follow the same
protocols outlined above, except that a messenger weight is not
applicable. Although not designed specifically for this kind of
sampling, a bailer is acceptable when a mid -depth sample is
required
Rev 4 -08 35

I . As the bailer is dropped through the water column, water is
displaced through the body of the bailer. The degree of
displacement depends upon the check -valve ball movement
to allow water to flow freely through the bailer body.
2. Slowly lower the bailer to the appropriate depth. Upon
retrieval, the two check valves seat, preventing water from
escaping or entering the bailer.
3. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample.
4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Sample bottles must be handled as described above.
• Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this
technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately
precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach HDPE,
Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is not acceptable
for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs. Extractable organics can
be collected through the pump if flexible interior -wall Teflon,
polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump head, or if used with
an organic trap setup.
1. Measure the water column to determine the maximum
depth and the sampling depth.
2. Tubing will need to be tied to a stiff pole or be weighted
down so the tubing placement will be secure. Do not use a
lead weight. Any dense, non - contaminating, non -
interfering material will work (brick, stainless steel weight,
etc.). Tie the weight with a lanyard (braided or
monofilament nylon, etc.) so that it is located below the
inlet of the tubing.
3. Turn the pump on and allow several tubing volumes of
water to be discharged before collecting the first sample.
4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Sample bottles must be handled as described above.
Rev 4 -08 36