NC0021881_Wasteload Allocation_19851212

NPDES DOCUMENT SCANNING COVER SHEET
NPDES
Permit:
NC0021881
Lake Waccamaw WWTP
Document Type:
Permit Issuance
Wasteload Allocation
Authorization to Construct (AtC)
Permit Modification
Complete File - Historical
Engineering Alternatives (EAA)
1
Correspondence
Instream Assessment (67b)
Speculative Limits
Environmental Assessment (EA)
Document Date:
December 12, 1985
Thita document is prriated on reuse paper. - %ore amy
coatezit on the re'erise aide

2934
HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATES
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
AND PLANNERS Telephone [phone]
611 PRINCESS STREET P.O. DRAWER 2087
J o : 5-a)m E� `
December 12, $f-
198
Mr.
Jay Sauber
N. C. Division of Environmental
Management
Water Quality Section
P. 0. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
Dear Mr. Sauber:
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA 28402
i, N
Re: Wetlands Treatment and Discharge
System
Town of Lake Waccamaw, NC
We are pleased to transmit herewith two copies of a preliminary
engineering report for the subject project for your review and approv-
al. This report incorporates a Preliminary Site Screening question-
aire in Appendix A.
By copy of this letter we have also transmitted one copy of this
report to Mr. Preston Howard, P. E. of the Wilmington Regional Office
of NCDEM.
An expeditious review and approval of this report would be appre-
ciated.
Thank you.
Sincerely,
HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATE , INC.
William E. Burnett
Environmental Planner
WEB/dal
cc: Hon. Tom Elliot, Mayor
Mr. Preston Howrad, NCDEM
Encl.

MEMORANDUM
TO:
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGE'
December 2, 1985
Steve Tedder, Head
Technical Services Branch
THRU: Allen Wahab, Supervisor
Local Planning Management Unit
FROM: Daniel Blaisdell06
5
Local Planning Management Unit
SUBJECT: Lake Waccamaw, NC
Wasteload Allocation
Project No. C370759-01
This is to request a wasteload allocation for a swamp discharge
and diffuser system in Lake Waccamaw, NC. Currently the treatment
plant had a point source discharge to the Bogue Swamp near the
Alligator Branch. These waters are classified C - swanpwater.
The swamp discharge is the preliminary selected alternative for
Lake Waccamaw. It appears that its design would enable continuous
monitoring of the affected Bogue Swamp waters atan existing swale
surrounding the treatment plant. The Town's engineer has recently
completed a topographic survey that indicates swamp waters will flow
fran the'', diffusion point to the existing swale.
In addition, I am requesting a response on the feasibility of
the elimination of chlorination prior to the diffusion of treated
wastewater.
If you have any questions or require additional information
please contact me at 3-6900.
DMB/jh
cc: Wilmington Regional Office
LPMU
GPF

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
MEMORANDUM
To:
From:
Subject:
March 27, 1984
A. Preston Howard, Jr., Regional Engineer
Wilmington Regional Office
Michael F. Wi l l i ams , Chemical Analyst I
Wilmington Regional Office
Lake Waccamaw WWTP Study Results
Site Study Dated March 13, 1984
Columbus County
On March 13, 1984, Ed Beck and I performed a site survey at the Town of
Lake Waccamaww wastewater treatment facility, to determine the feasibility of
proposing a wetlands disposal system discharge to replace the existing
outfall. The alternative proposal involves a gravity flow diffuser pipe, in
order to permeate effluent onto adjacent wetland area of approximately 1 acre
in size.
Elevations were run to determine if sufficient gradient existed for the
gravity system. At the existing location ofthe outfall pipe, it was determined
that the pipe elevation would not allow gravity flow to discharge to the
proposed wetlands area. The effluent pipe elevation is approximately 21 feet
below the highest segment of the disposal area. A gravity type system could be
constructed if the effluent pipe was relocated to terminate after the post
aeration basin, where a sufficient gradient may be established. By relocating
the outfall pipe, the present chlorination system could no longer be utilized.
Fecal Coliform samples were collected at various locations, should chlorination
be eliminated. The results are as follows:
Polishing basin effluent Station 1 - 2800/100 ml
Post aeration basin effluent Station 2 - 780/100 ml
Chlorine contact chamber (no chlorine introduced) Station 3 - 770/100 ml
10' downstream of outfall pipe Station 4 - 800/100 ml
50 yards downstream of outfall Station 5 - 1300/100 ml
100 yards downstream of outfall Station 6 - 690/100 ml
It appears that once the wastewater enters the post aeration basin, a
fecal coliform decline is observed. Without chlorination, fecal coliform results
of the finalleffluent was 770/100 ml. The facility has, in the past, averaged
10/100 ml coliform with chlorine contact.
From th e results of the study, several alternatives could be considered, as
follows: (1) The facility may continue to operate as it presently exists.
(2) A gravity pipe may be installed at the post aeration basin to discharge
effluent through diffusers to adjacent wetlands. This method would require
deleting the present disinfection system. (3) The post aeration basin could be
modified by removing the floating aerator and installing a chlorination device

Memo to A. Preston Howard
Page 2
March 27, 1984
at the basin's influent. The gravity diffuser system could then be constructed
from the effluent pipe of the basin to discharge onto the wetlands area.
MFW/sf
Attachments:
Area Map II
Sample Analyses
cc: Wilmington Regional Office
Central Files

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Mr. Tom Elliott, Mayor
Town of Lake Wccamaw
Post Office Bo 145
Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina 28450
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
February 27, 1984
Subject: Wetland Discharge of Wastewater
Effluent--
�awn of Lake Waccama
Dear Mayor Ell ott:
This will confirm our recent conversations concerning the possibility of
installing a wetland discharge system at the Lake Waccamaw wastewater treatment
plant. Construction of the system would involve installation of an effluent
diffuser system over an area of approximately one (1) acre. By diffusing the
treated effluent over the wetland site, effluent limitations for the Lake
Waccamaw WWTP could be modified from 8005 5 mg/1 and NH3-N = 2 mg/1, to
B005 = 10 mg/1 and NH3-N 4 mg/1 (simmer) and 8005 - 20 mg/1 and NH3-N = 8 mg/1
(winter). Our monitoring records indicate that the existing WWTP is capable of
maintaining compliance with these revised limitations.
Listed below are several communities which utilize wetlands for treatment
and/or dispers 1 of wastewater effluent. You are reminded that the system
proposed for uSe at Lake Waccamaw is intended onl
y y to disperse the effluent over
a broader area; and that "treatment" by the wetlands is not intended (i.e., 8005.
and NH3-N removal by the wetlands is not intended, although it is reasonably
likely that sore additional BOD5 and NH3-N removal will occur).
'I
Community State
Houghton Lake Michigan
Arcadia California
Lake City South Carolina
Please be ,reminded that we are presently holding an application for a proposed
apartment complex at Lake Waccamaw. In addition, it has recently cane to my
attention that 'our Raleigh staff have been contacted by an Individual desiring
to extend sewers in Lake Waccamaw to serve a proposed campground.
I look for'and to working with you and your consultants toward a timely
solution to the Town's wastewater treatment problems.

Mr. Tom Elliott, Mayor
Page 2
February 27, 1984
If you have any questions or if I can be of any assistance to you or
your consultants, please do not hesitate to call me at [phone].
Sincerely,
bR OINRC SIGNED BY.
A. PRESTON HOWARD~. IR.
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E.
Regional Engineer
APH/sf
cc: .Wilmington Regional Office
Central !11es

/40
HENRY VON OESEN AND ASSOCIATEP&
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
AND PLANNERS
it
d
Telephone [phone]
611 PRINCESS STREET
February 1, 1984
P.O. DRAWER 2087 WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402
Hon. T • iott, Mayor
Town
P. 0, Box
Lake Waccamaw, NC 28450
FEB 2 1984
wRlM►W'TON REG%0NM. Of tC`
DE.M
Subject: Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility Investigations
Dear Mayor Elliott:
Reference is made to the December 28, 1983 letter from NCOEM concerning
proposed new effluent limits for the municipal wastewater treatment facility.
The new limits are less stringent than the existing limits and are predicated on
the installation of a wetlands discharge system.
The existing wastewater treatment facility was designed, constructed and
placed into service prior to the time that MCDEM imposed very stringent limits
on the effluent discharge. Thus, even though the present average daily
wastewater flow is less than the design hydraulic capacity of the facility (0.4
MOD), the facility 1s out of compliance with its effluent limits for 8 out of 12
months each year. In view of this situation, NCDEM cannot approve any
extensions to the existing sewer collection system tributary to the treatment
works.
On Tuesday, January 24, 1984, I
Wilmington Regional Office of NCDEPI
the wetlands discharge system. Mr.
follows: I
met with Mr. Preston Howard of the
on site at the treatment works to discuss
Howard summarized NCDEM's requirements as
One (1) acre effluent dispersal zone located in wetlands adjacent to
the treatment facility site.
The one acre dispersal zone should be divided into two 1/2 acre plots
for alternating discharge to each plot (frequency of alternate use to
be determined) .
Treated effluent should be dispersed at the edge of each of the 1/2
acre plots and flow through the wetlands towards the existing effluent
discharge canal.
Aluminum irrigation pipe should be used instead of PVC pipe for the
effluent diffuser system.

Hon. Thomas W. Elliott, Mayor
Town of Lake Waccamaw
Municipal WWT Investigations
February 1, 1984
Paget
(5) The effluent dispersal area should be fenced and appropriate warning
signs posted to discourage trespassing.
(6) Consideration should be given towards discontinuing effluent
chlorination in order to maintain natural biological activity in the
effluent dispersal zone.
While at the site, we looked at two potential areas adjacent to the
treatment facility which may be suitable for the wetlands discharge. Both of
these areas are located on the 15 acre site owned by the Town. The first area
located south�of the facility on either side of the existing effluent canal
appeared suitable. However, gravity flow from the chlorine contact tank did not
appear posslb e. It appears that effluent pumping may be required In this case.
The second area evaluated Is located east of the existing facility within
the old borrow area used in the past to obtain materials for constructing the
lagoons. It appears that It may be possible to obtain effluent dispersal by
gravity flow using this area. However, this assertion must be confirmed by a
field survey.
In view of the above, it appears that a wetlands discharge system for the
Lake Waccammo facility is feasible. This system would be most beneficial to the
Town in that it would result in less stringent effluent limits which, in our
opinion, the facility could meet en a consistent basis. The relaxation of the
effluent limits mold also allow future extensions of the sewer collection:
system without the existing restrictions. However, If this system is not
implemented soon, the Town could be subject to enforcement action by NCOEM for
MPBES Permit violations,
Mr. Howard explained that NCOEM has an active request for a sewer connection
for a proposed housing project at Lake Waccamaw. NCOEM has a provision to
permit this sewer extension if the Town indicates that it will proceed with the
wetlands discharge project. NCOEM can issue a Special Order by Consent (SOC) to
the Town to permit the extension before the plant improvements are completed.
To accomplish this, the Town needs to submit (1) a Preliminary Engineering
Report detai l i'ng the nature of the project including the cost and financial plan
and (2) a schedule for implementing the project.
If the Town Board Is mendable to this a roach we will be lad to conduct
the necessary 'engineering field investigations to develop a preliminary plan for
the wetlands discharge. We will conduct the necessary field surveys to
establish the exact location for the system and to access the environmental
impacts of the project. We will also perpare a cost estimate, a plan to finance
the project and an implementation schedule. All of this information will be

Non. Thomas W. Elliott, Mayor
Town of Lake Waccamaw
iclpal WWTF Investigations
February 1, 1984
Page 3
included in a narrative report suitable for submittal to NCQEM for their
approval and the issuance of a S.O.C. In view of the fact that the exact scope
of work is note clearly defined at this point in time due to certain "unknowns,"
we would propose to accomplish this work on the basis of our labor costs plus
overhead (80 percent) plus a service fee (10 percent) plus expenses (travel 9
SO.22/mile). We would estimate that the cost for this work should not exceed
S2,000.00.
We trust that the above information will be of assistance to you. We stand
ready to assist ,you further and are prepared to answer any questions which you
or the members of the Town Board may have on this matter. We appreciate this
opportunity to be of service.
Thank you.;
Sincerely,
HENRY VON QESEN Ah0 ASSOCIATES INC.
William E. 8urnett
Environmental 'Planner
cc:fir. . Joseph Smith,
Manager
Mr. Preston Howard, NCDEM, Wilmington
WEB/dsb

Ay'
North Carolina Deparfmerit o Notura
Resources &Community Development
�itr!il'.'S B. 1'I;. ; .•t 1"�!•'. •ri;t-.. .I 1 i; '. (:r :: t;:j'
December 28, 1983
The Honorable 'Thomas W. Elliott
Mayor of Lake Waccamaw
PO Box 145
I
Lake :rcc;lmat,1, NC 28450
DIVISION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
iJu•n_ rt:
JAttl 4 1984
WILMINGTON REGIONAL OFFICE
DEM
SUBJECT: �:f_: ii ut_.Limi Latiuns for the
Lake Waccalraw !astewater
fT:atrren t P ant
Dear Mayor Elliott:
the Division of Envlr on..';ental t•laila,:(!r,)Cntt has performed an assessment
of t; . Lake Wacc_� n'l•; haste; ter Treatment Plant discharge on the surface
I , j r � 1 r. 'i (�,_
water,: it disCh:lrgos to. On the basis of this assessment, the Division
has concluded it is pOss 1 hl e to revise your effluent 1' mi t% ti or:s provided
that an adequate wetland distribution system for your, effluent can be deve-
loped. I have attached the effluent limitations that would apply to . a wet-
land type discharge. As noted 'on the form, it willobe nece5sary to identify
an, e -..4getleaa7EFEN7fa. wastewater distri utjp i 1`the
: \ , . , - .y l r_• t t , r . t .• + -• � + �' _ , I -S a l'
d_velorlm; ;t of am el i eeti'. e diffuse.' s�y:; t.I+:, 1 1 s_i_ 't..l ! •1
alternative iisccharge, please contact Mr. Ch ck 'vial:ild of the Wilmi►,gton
kegiu ra 0 i-i ae at telephone number 919/2.56-4161 to arrange a meeting to
discuss the wetland discharge system.
The effluent limitations attached are maximum monthly mean values unless
otherwise noted. The limits reflect current policies and methodologies in
the State Continuing Planning Process and are part of the Yadkin River Basin
Plan...
If there are any specific questions r•elativ:, to the effiu+pnt limitations,
please contact Mr. Forrest Wcstall at 919/ 733-5083_
1
i..Lt-/ 3
CC:
Chuck Waki l d
Forrest Westall
Steve Tedder
Bill Mills
Walter Taft
Sincerely
Original Signed By
. Lee F Itiirilrg', Jr , Chief
Water Quality Section
POLL UIION PRE VLN71ON PAYS
P. 0. Bc x 27687 Aa!r.igh, N. C. 2761 1.1687
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
December 16, 1983
MEMORANDUM
TO: Lee Fleming
FROM: Forrest Westall
SUBJECT: Waccamaw WWTP Potential Wetland Discharge
Attached for your review is the assessment of Waccamaw's discharge.
As noted in the assessment, the effluent quality of the WWTP is extremely
good. In discussions with Preston Howard of the Wilmington Regional Office,
the last years worth of self -monitoring data shows the Town to be unable to
comply with the 5 mg/1 BOD limit consistently. Values range from just below
5 mg/1 to approximately 20 mg/1. Under the existing discharge scheme for
Waccamaw, the effluent is confined to a canal that runs approximately 2000'
before emptying into Bogue Swamp. By confining the wastewater to this canal,
it is likely that exertion of residual BOD will result in low dissolved oxy-
gen conditions in the canal.
As you can see from the attached figures, there is considerable oppor-
tunity for overland wetland discharge between the WWTP and Bogue Swamp. I
believe that with the location of a proper mixing area, to be secured by
Waccamaw, the wastewater can be discharged through a diffuser system without
significant impact to the wetland or the Bogue Swamp surface water receiving
system. In my discussions with Preston, it appears that Waccamaw would be
able to comply with effluent limits of 10 BOD and 4 NH3N in the summer and
20 BOD and 8 NH3N in the winter. In fact, it is very likely that the WWTP
can actually produce an effluent with much better quality. In choosing the
10 and 4 limits, my objective has been to maintain as small an impact on the
surface waters in the area as possible. With effective overland distribution,
I believe the 10 and 4 limits to be adequate.
The application of these limitations will require the identification of
an acceptable wetland mixing area. This will require on -site visitation by
DEM staff and review by the Town's engineer. If you concur with these
recommendations, we can coordinate these activities with the regional office.
If you have any questions, please let me know.
FRW/jf
attachment
cc:
Chuck Wakild
Preston Howard
Steve Tedder
Bill Mills

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North Carolina Department of Natural
WI Resources &Community Development

Town of Lake Waccamaw WWTP
Assessment of Effluent Discharge
Introduction - The Town of Lake Waccamaw wants to increase the flow to its
wastwater treatment plant by adding new sewer hookups. To facilitate this
additional flow, the Regional Engineer has requested a review of the plant's
effluent limits to determine iE less stringent limits could be applied. The
plant produces a good quality effluent from a tertiary system and discharges
to Bogue Swamp which provides additional waste treatment.
The Division of E ronmental Management is currently involved in
evaluating the potent ;"1 t - treatment of discharged wastewater by wet-
lands in North Carol �,a, -`'Sg. R co`3.and Neck, Clarkton, Whiteville, and White
Lake. The Lake Wa maw T ?gar , s in this category where potential
exists for using wetlands ?pt o ,:.1} way, e `::_ tment process, thus
easing effluent limits on the w#s uidt`e - ment t.
r-,
To provide in -stream data for th4M,q eling Gbup, the Physical and
440
Chemical Monitoring Group conducted two surveys the effluent canal that
receives the waste from the Lake Waccamaw WWTP. A summer sampling run
was made on June 15, 1983 and a winter sampling run was conducted on
November 17, 1983.

Study Area - The Town of Lake Waccamaw has a 0.4 mgd extended aeration
facility with a polishing pond that provides tertiary treatment. The
effluent is discharged to a canal 2100 feet long flowing into Bogue Swamp,
an eveniaged cypress -gum swamp on the western side of Lake Waccamaw. The
effluent canal is approximately 10 feet wide with an average water depth
of 1.5 feet and a sediment depth of 1.5 feet. The sediment has a fine
sandy silt layer approximately half an inch overlaying an organic mud.
The water surface of the canal is covered with a mat of duckweed its
entire length.
A
location map is shown in figure #1, #2, and #3 with station locations
presented in table #1.
Data Tables - The physical and chemical data is shown in table #2 with
field notes shown in tables #3 and #4.
Parametric Coverage - The physical parameters, temperature, dissolved
oxygen, specific conductance, and pH, were measured in situ. The samples
for BOIS, fecal coliform, solids and nutrients were analyzed at NRCD's
Central Lab.
- The upstream stations LW-1 and LW-2 (background stations)
Assessment g
P
were sampled both times under low flow conditions. On the June sampling
run LW-1 was pooled with no visible flow, and LW-2 appeared to be of aver-
age flow, but no movement was detected. 0n the November sampling run LW-1
was completely dry, and LW-2 had one pool on the downstream side of the
bridge and was dry upstream. Dissolved oxygen and other data from June
sampling run are consistent with low D.O. swamp streams. Conductivity
readings indicate some influence from upstream runoff.
The effluent samples (LW-10) show that the plant is in compliance
with its existing permit limitations of: BOD5 = 5 mg/L
TSS = 30 mg/L
F. Coliform = 1000/100m1
NH3 = 2 mg/L
D.O. = 5 mg/L
The nitrite + nitrate data shows a great deal of nitrification is occurring
in the treatment process, but the discharge of nitrite -nitrite at concen-
trations of 30 mg/1 and phosphorus at 7.6 mg/1 introduces an abundance of
these nutrients to the swamp. The stations in the effluent canal down-

Biological Assessment - Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from
two swamp stations (LW-8A and LW-9) to determine if there were noticable
affects of wastewater on "normal" swamp benthic fauna. These stations
were located at breaks in the canal 1300 (LW-8A) and 2000 (LW-9) feet from
the outfall pipe. A triangular sweep net was used to collect the benthos.
This technique is a qualitative method and the results will indicate changes
in taxa richness only. No attempt will be made to analyze any changes in
numbers of organisms between stations.
Little difference in the taxa richness between stations can be deter-
mined Table 1) This difference is not significant nor can it be attri-
buted to any affects of the wastewater. The benthic fauna of stations
LW-8A and LW-9 do not suggest any adverse effects of wastewater discharge.
The mo!t dominant taxa at both stations were the Crustacean isopod Lirceus
sp. Lirceus is often found as the dominant taxa in swamp surveys.

Table 1. Benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness from
LW-8A and LW-9.
Lake Waccamaw WWTP investigation, November 17,
1983.
Taxa Richness
Group LW-8A LW-9
Oligochaeta 2 ?
Odonata 2 2
Coleoptera 1
Megaloptera 1
Crustacea 1 1
Diptera: Misc. 1
Diptera: Chiron. 6 5
Mollusca 2 2
Total 16
12

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aM
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J
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LAKE
Figure 2

> CANAL STATIONS
*1/4
)341.0
>1- <
>
LW5
LW4
WWTP
Figure 3

Station #
LW-1
LW-2
LW-3
LW-4
LW-5
LW-6
LW-7
LW-8
LW-8A
LW-9
LW-10
Table 1. Lake Waccamaw WWTP Sampling Stations
Location
Alligator Branch at SR-1901 (Columbus Co.)
Bogue Swamp at SR-1736 (Columbus Co.)
End of Lake Waccamaw WWTP outfall pipe
In canal, 150 feet downstream outfall pipe
In canal, 300 feet downstream outfall pipe
In canal, 500 feet downstream outfall pipe
in canal)
In canal, 800 feet downstream outfall pipe
tween first and second bend in the canal)
In canal, 1300 feet downstream outfall pipe (at second
bend)
In swamp at the second bend (there is a break in the canal
and waste flows out into the swamp) 1300 feet downstream
outfall pipe.
At break in the canal, 2000 feet downstream outfall pipe.
(most of the flow in the canal exits into the swamp at
this location) The canal extends on another 100 feet from
LW-9, but not much flow reached the end of the canal.
Lake Waccamaw WWTP effluent (sample taken from the chlorine
contact chamber).
(at first bend
(half way be-

Station
Date
Time
D.O. (mg/1)
Temp (oC)
pH
Cond a;`_ 25°C
BOD5 (mg/1)
F. Col (#/ 100m1)
fi
To tlo l
Volatile
0 Fixed
Suspended
a.)
b
.r.,
u)
a)
Volatile
Fixed
Lab pH
NH3 as N
E TKN as N
NO2+NO3 as
4 Total P
Flow (mgd)
Table 2. Lake Waccamaw WWTP
Physical & Chemical Data
June Sampling Run
November Sampling Run
LW-1 LW-2 LW-10 LW-9 LW-10 LW-8A LW-9
830615 830615 830615 830615 831117 831117 831117
1200 1225 1445 1420 1200 1306 1330
1.5 2.5 6.75 1.15 10.1 5.8 3.6
21.4 21.0 23 21.4 10.5 9.0 9.5
6.9 6.7 7.7 7.1
209 151 437 475 542 528 544
1.7 1.9 3.0 1.5 0.2 1.6 1.7
130 50 <10 20 <10. <10 10
200 130 310 290 420 400 450
57 55 100 84 98 130 180
70 210 210 210 320 270 270
28 4 3 2 <1 <1 <1
8 4 3 2 <1 <1 <1
20 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
6.5 6.5 7.4 6.7 7.5 7.3 7.1
0.13 0.33 0.29 0.21 0.03 0.02 0.02
0.6 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4
N 0.06 0.39 12.0 8.8 32 29 26
0.09 0.07 4.4 3.9 7.6 7.9 7.4
0.31 0.115

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1(910 6000 9000 12000 15000 10000 210u0 1(11
1 • ,I

stream of the outfall (LW-8A and LW-9) showed very little change in the
chemical constituents as they moved downstream and out into the swamp.
There is, though, a definite D.O. depletion along the canal with the
lowest value occurring at the end of the canal. The D.O. of water exiting
the canal matches the surrounding swamp water. On the November sampling
run the swamp was drier than usual and the water from the canal was being
soaked up by the swamp, but a small flow of water from station LW-0 was
moving off to the southwest.

LW-1
LW-2
Table 3. Field Noti s �J ni 3
830615 at
Time Temp(°C) D.O.(mg/1) Cond 25°C pH Location
1200 21.4 1.5 209 6.9 Alligator Branch at
SR-I901 upstream of
Lake Waccamaw WWTP
outfall. Stream
pooled - no decern-
able flow
1225 21.0 2.5 151 6.7 Bogue Swamp at SR-1736
Black H 0 Swamp. No
movement decernable
two bridges - fish
LW-3 1300
LW-4 1305
LW-5 1310
LW-6 1325
LW-7 1340
LW-8 1350
LW-8A, 1355
LW-9 1420
23.3 7.5 817 at end of outfall pipe
23.8 6.7 768 Effluent Canal 150' DS
23.8 6.1 604 Effluent Canal 300' DS
23.0 5.9 624 Effluent Canal - at
first bend 500' DS
22.0 3.1 498 k way between the 1st
& 2nd bend 800' DS
22.5 2.5 683 2nd bend 1300' DS
outfall
22.7 2.0 463 In swamp near 2nd bend
break in canal here
21.4 1.15 475 7.1 Near end of canal
Break in canal here
LW-10 1445 23 6.75 437 7.7 Lake Waccamar eff. at
chlorine contact
chamber

831117
Time Temp(°C)
Table 4. Field Notes k3O 17, I1
at
D.0.(mg/1) Cond 25°C pH Location
LW-1 1430 Completely dry Alligator Branch at
SR-1901 upstream of
Lake Waccamaw WWTP
outfall
LW-2
LW-3
LW-4
LW-5
LW-6
LW-7
LW-8
LW-8A
LW-9
LW-10
1445 Dry pool on downstream side of bridge Bogue Swamp at SR-1736
1225 10.0 9.8 533 - At end of outfall pipe
NS Effluent canal 150' DS
1235 10.5 9.5 535 - Effluent canal 300' DS
1242 10.0 8.8 520 - Effluent canal at first
bend 500' DS
1250 9.5 6.9 535 - 2 way between the 1st
& 2nd bend 800' DS
1302 10.0 5.9 530 - 2nd bend 1300' DS
outfall
1306 9.0 5.8 528 - In swamp near 2nd bend
break in canal here
1330 9.5 3.6 544 - Near end of canal
break in canal here
1200 10.5 10.1 542 7.4 Lake Waccamaw eff. at
chlorine contact
chamber

3

kvx-\ ca.
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O. 2 a Co 1;7
\ 3 41 k
71
l's.CYZ 102
1.2 I. 3 taLk
32 29 2C0
Ti 14

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
December 9, 1983
MEMORANDUM
TO: Jay Sauber
THRU : Steve Tedder
FROM: Randy Williams
SUBJECT: Lake Waccamaw WWTP Intensive Survey Report
I have reviewed the summary of the Lake Waccamaw WWTP field
studies of June and November, 1983. I am concerned about the D.O.
depletion of the wasteflow in the effluent canal during both studies
(from 7.5 mg/1 to 1.15 mg/1 during June and from 9.8 mg/1 to 3.6 mg/1
during November). The high D.O. values at the mixpoint are obviously
reflections of effluent aeration. The sag downstream could be explained
by subsequent effluent BOD decay since background streamflow (and back-
ground BOD loading) appears to be zero in both cases. However, effluent
BOD5's were well under 5 mg/1 in both cases. I can offer the following
reasons for the observed response to the effluent in the canal: (1) Long-
term BOD is much greater than BOD5; long-term BOD is the true forcing
function in this system (2) Effluent BOD5 is actually much greater than
measured, due to inhibition by chlorine in the samples (samples were
pulled from chlorine contact chamber).
In order to address these points, it would be interesting to see
the results of the 30 day BOD tests. Also, I would suggest pulling
samples before the contact chamber to see if chlorine residual or chlora-
mines have any effect on short-term BOD's. There could be other toxics
in the waste which would inhibit BOD's also. These effects would show
up in samples regardless of whether chlorine had been applied.
It is also possible that there is significant benthic demand in the
organic mud layer in the canal. The organisms causing this demand could
deplete D.O. without depleting water column BOD. It would be a good
idea if we could set up a system to measure benthic demand in all of our
swamp studies. I have a feeling that the real "action" in swamps will
be in the sediments which will effect the water column more than reactions
occurring directly in the water column.
Let me know if you want to discuss these matters further.
RW : cs

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
December 6, 1983
MEMORANDUM
TO: Forrest Westall
Steve Tedder
Randy Williams
Chuck Wakild
FROM: Jay Sauber d.
SUBJECT:
Assessment of Town of Waccamaw WWTP
Attached for your information is a copy of Technical Services
assessment of the Town of Lake Waccamaw effluent discharge. As is
pointed out in the report a wetlands discharge difuser system is a
possibility. Yet it appears that Waccamaw is meeting its current
effluent limits.
JS/gh
Atta'ehment

TOWN OF LAKE WACCAMAW WWTP
ASSESSMENT OF EFFLUENT DISCHARGE
N.C. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
WATER QUALITY SECTION

Town of Lake Waccamaw WWTP
Assessment of Effluent Discharge
:..The .Town of Lake Waccamaw wants to increase the flow to its
wastwater treatment plant by adding new sewer hookups. To facilitate this
additional flow, the Regional Engineer has requested a review of the plant's
effluent limits to determine if less stringent limits could be applied. The
plantproduces a good quality effluent from a tertiary system and discharges
to Bogue Swamp which provides additional waste treatment.
The Division of Environmental Management is currently involved in
evaluating the potential for the treatment of discharged wastewater by wet-
lands
Lake.
in North Carolina, e.g. Scotland Neck, Clarkton, Whiteville, and White
The Lake Waccamaw WWTP discharge is in this category where potential
exists for using wetlands as part of the waste treatment process, thus
altering effluent limits on the wastewater treatment plant.
To provide in -stream data for the Modeling Group, the Physical and
Chemical Monitoring Group conducted two surveys of the effluent canal that
receives the waste from the Lake Waccamaw WWTP. A summer sampling run
was made on June 15, 1983 and a winter sampling run was conducted on
November 17, 1983.

Study Area - The Town of Lake Waccamaw has a 0.4 mgd extended aeration
facility with a polishing pond that provides tertiary treatment. The
effluent is discharged to a canal 2100 feet long flowing into Bogue Swamp,
an even -aged cypress -gum swamp on the western side of Lake Waccamaw. The
effluent canal is approximately 10 feet wide with an average water depth
of 1.5 feet and a sediment depth of 1.5 feet. The sediment has a fine
sandy silt layer approximately half an inch overlaying an organic mud.
The water surface of the canal is covered with a mat of duckweed its
entire length.
1
presented in table #1.
Data Tables - The physical and chemical data is shown in table #2 with
field notes shown in tables #3 and #4.
A location map is shown in figure #1, #2, and #3 with station locations
Parametric Coverage - The physical parameters, temperature, dissolved
oxygen, specific conductance, and pH, were measured in situ. The samples
forIBOD5, fecal coliform, solids and nutrients were analyzed at NRCD's
Central Lab.
Assessment - The -upstream stations LW-1 and LW-2 (background stations)
were sampled both times under low flow conditions. 0n the June sampling
run LW-1 was pooled with no visible flow, and LW-2 appeared to be of aver-
age
flow, but no movement was detected. On the November sampling run LW-1
was completely dry, and LW-2 had one pool on the downstream side of the
bridge and was dry upstream. Dissolved oxygen and other data from June
sampling run are consistent with low D.O. swamp streams. Conductivity
readings indicate some influence from upstream runoff.
The effluent samples (LW-10) show that the plant is in compliance
with its existing permit limitations of: BOD5 = 5 mg/L
TSS = 30 mg/L
F. Coliform = 1000/100m1
NH3
D.O.
= 2 mg/L
5 mg/L
Thenitrite + nitrate data shows a great deal of nitrification is occurring
in the treatment process, but the discharge of nitrite -nitrite at concen-
trations of 30 mg/1 and phosphorus at 7.6 mg/1 introduces an abundance of
these nutrients to the swamp. The stations in the effluent canal down-

stream of the outfall (LW-8A and LW-9) showed very little change in the
chemical constituents as they moved downstream and out into the swamp.
There is, though, a definite D.O. depletion along the canal with the
lowest value occurring at the end of the canal. The D.O. of water exiting
the canal matches the surrounding swamp water. On the November sampling
run the swamp was drier than usual and the water from the canal was being
soaked up by the swamp, but a small flow of water from station LW-0 was
moving off to the southwest.

BM
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Weevers
Linding
'1
LAKE
WA CCA MA W
i- f
..rr'/
_The
- . ° Ce . -t \Aeove
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r- Ouoree
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Island
—\
. C '30
35' (OL O DOCK 1:24 000)
INTt111ONtiGCOlOOlCA{. SURVEY WACNINOTON. O. C.
34015'

CANAL STATIONS
•
te
•
•
= �r
- - _ Kfntuck
- Island
O
>1'4 YZN
\.)°!!!"
>14
)344
NULdSP:r/i-
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v..4
Figure 2
R f't "C.' fY•
•
• • � - ~-ter;. take W;
>3.44 ›Xtr
Y�c >1 ‹
_.a
•
Boo won*
tr,-fJiP -
L 4 E
II" ac•C.-1 U.a W
''--
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4` --.-
A
LW5
LW4
W3
WWTP
Figure 3

Table 1. Lake Waccamaw WWTP Sampling Stations
Station # Location
LW-1 Alligator Branch at SR-1901 (Columbus Co.)
LW-2 Bogue Swamp at SR-1736 (Columbus Co.)
LW-3 End of Lake Waccamaw WWTP outfall pipe
LW-4 In canal, 150 feet downstream outfall pipe
LW-5 In canal, 300 feet downstream outfall pipe
LW-6
LW-7
1
LW-8
LW-8A
LW-9
LW-10i
In canal, 500 feet downstream outfall pipe (at first bend
in canal)
In canal, 800 feet downstream outfall pipe (half way be-
tween first and second bend in the canal)
In canal, 1300 feet downstream outfall pipe (at second
bend)
In swamp at the second bend (there is a break in the canal
and waste flows out into the swamp) 1300 feet downstream
outfall pipe.
At break in the canal, 2000 feet downstream outfall pipe.
(most of the flow in the canal exits into the swamp at
this location) The canal extends on another 100 feet from
LW-9, but not much flow reached the end of the canal.
Lake Waccamaw WWTP effluent (sample taken from the chlorine
contact chamber).

Table 2. Lake Waccamaw WWTP
Physical & Chemical Data
June Sampling Run
Station LW-1 LW-2 LW-10 LW-9
Date
Time
D.O. (mg/1)
Temp (°C)
pH
Cond at 25°C
BOD5 (mg/1)
F. Coli (#/100m1)
Total
Z. Volatile
Fixed
E
bSuspended
'o Volatile
a Fixed
Lab pH
NH3 as
TKN as
-4N0,2+NO3
To:al P
Flow (mgd)
830615 830615 830615 830615
1200 1225 1445 1420
1.5 2.5 6.75 1.15
21.4 21.0 23 21.4
6.9 6.7 7.7 7.1
209 151. 437 475
1.7 1.9 3.0 1.5
130 50 <10 20
200 130 310 290
57 55 100 84
70 210 210 210
28 4 3 2
8 4 3 2
- 20 <1 <1 <1
6.5 6.5 7.4 6.7
N 0.13 0.33 0.29 0.21
N 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.2
as N 0.06 0.39 12.0 8.8
0.09 0.07 4.4 3.9
0.31
November Sampling Run
LW-10 LW-8A LW-9
831117 831117 831117
1200 1306 1330
10.1 5.8 3.6
10.5 9.0 9.5
542 528 544
0.2 1.6 1.7
<10 <10 10
420 400 450
98 130 180
320 270 270
<1 <1 <1
<1 <1 <1
<1 <1 <1
7.5 7.3 7.1
0.03 0.02 0.02
1.2 1.3 1.4
32 29 26
7.6 7.9 7.4
0.115

LW-1
LW-2
Table 3. Field Notes - June 15, 1983
830615 at
Time Temp(°C) D.0.(mg/1) Cond 25°C pH Location
1200 21.4 1.5 209 6.9 Alligator Branch at
SR-1901 upstream of
Lake Waccamaw WWTP
outfall. Stream
pooled - no decern-
able flow
1225 21.0 2.5 151 6.7 Bogue Swamp at SR-1736
Black H 0 Swamp. No
movement decernable
two bridges - fish
LW-3 , 1300 23.3 7.5 817 at end of outfall pipe I
LW-4 1305 23.8 6.7 768 Effluent Canal 150' DS
LW-5 1310 23.8 6.1 604 Effluent Canal 300' DS
LW-6 1325 23.0 5.9 624 Effluent Canal - at
first bend 500' DS
LW-7 1340 22.0 3.1 498 k way between the 1st
& 2nd bend 800' DS
LW-8 1350 22.5 2.5 683 2nd bend 1300' DS
outfall
LW-8A'I 1355 22.7 2.0 463 In swamp near 2nd bend
break in canal here
LW-9 1420 21.4 1.15 475 7.1 Near end of canal
Break in canal here I
I
LW-10
1445 23 6.75 437 7.7 Lake Waccamar eff. at
chlorine contact
chamber

LW-1
Table 4. Field Notes - November 17, 1983
831117
at
Time Temp(°C) D.O.(mg/1) Cond 25°C pH Location
1430 Completely dry Alligator Branch at
SR-1901 upstream of
Lake Waccamaw WWTP
outfall
LW-2 1445 Dry pool
LW-3 1225 10.0 9.8
LW-4 NS
LW-5 1235 10.5 9.5
LW-6 1242 10.0 8.8
LW-7 1250 9.5 6.9
LW-8 1302 10.0 5.9
LW-8A 1306 9.0 5.8
LW-9 1330 9.5 3.6
LW-10 1200 10.5 10.1
on downstream side of bridge Bogue Swamp at SR-1736
533 - At end of outfall pipe
Effluent canal 150' DS
535 - Effluent canal 300' DS
520 - Effluent canal at first
bend 500' DS
535 - k way between the 1st
& 2nd bend 800' DS
530 - 2nd bend 1300' DS
outfall
528 - In swamp near 2nd bend
break in canal here
544 - Near end of canal
break in canal here
542 7.4 Lake Waccamaw eff. at
chlorine contact
chamber

Biological Assessment - Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from
two swamp stations (LW-8A and LW-9) to determine if there were noticable
affects of wastewater on "normal" swamp benthic fauna. These stations
were located at breaks in the canal 1300 (LW-8A) and 2000 (LW-9) feet from
the outfall pipe. A triangular sweep net was used to collect the benthos.
This technique is a qualitative method and the results will indicate changes
in taxa richness only. No attempt will be made to analyze any changes in
numbers of organisms -between stations.
Little difference in the taxa richness between stations can be deter-
mined (Table 1) This difference is not significant nor can it be attri-
buted to any affects of the wastewater. The benthic fauna of stations
LW-8A and LW-9 do not suggest any adverse effects of wastewater discharge.
The mot dominant taxa at both stations were the Crustacean isopod Lirceus
sp. Lirceus is often found as the dominant taxa in swamp surveys.
Table 5. Benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness from
LW-8A and LW-9.
Lake Waccamaw WWTP investigation, November 17,
1983.
Taxa Richness
Group LW-8A LW-9
Oligochaeta 2 2
0donata 2 2
Coleoptera 1
Megaloptera 1
Crustacea 1 1
Diptera: Misc. 1
Diptera: Chiron. 6 5
Mollusca 2 2
Total 16
12

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
MEMORANDUM
TO: Steve Tedder
FROM:
Forrest Westall
October 20, 1983
SUBJECT: Lake Waccamaw Effluent Limitations Evaluation
I have talked with Chuck Wakild concerning the Lake Waccamaw waste-
water discharge. He indicates that the discharge enters into a swamp
and thatthe existing treatment plant is capable of meeting BOD of
approximately 10 mg/1 and NH3N of approximately 5 mg/1. The current
effluent limitations for this discharge are 5 mg/1 BOD and 2 mg/1 NH3N.
Because of the physical location of this discharge, and the relatively
good treatment that the plant is already achieving, Chuck is requesting
that we re-evaluate these effluent limits to determine if less restrictive
limits could be applied to this discharge. Please ask the Modeling Group
to evaluate the current limits and we should schedule some kind of bio-
logical survey on the discharge to determine if wetland distribution
would be possible in this case. Lake Waccamaw currently has a pending
request to add additional flow to their treatment facility. If effluent
limit revision is not possible, the Town is going to be limited in adding
additional wasteflow. Therefore, it is important that we proceed as quickly as
possible to evaluate this request, with results available by December 2,
1983.
FRW/jf
cc: Lee Fleming
Chuck Wakild
Bill Mills

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DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
April 11, 1983
0
MEMORANDUM
TO: Chuck Wakild
Wilmington Regional Office
THROUGH: Steve Tedder
Randy Williams
Water Quality Modeling Group
FROM: Jennifer Buzun
3
Water Quality Modeling Group
SUBJECT: Lake Waccamaw
I spoke with Preston Howard of your office about the swamp studies
which Technical Services is planning. He recommended several dischargers
to swamps in your region which would make good study cases, one of which
was Lake Waccamaw. I have included the Town of Lake Waccamaw's discharge
to Bogue Swamp in the list of candidates for study. The swamp studies
will not begin until sometime between mid -July and mid -September this
coming summer.
I also spoke to Preston about the N. C. Wildlife Federation's letter
concerning the condition of the canal at Lake Waccamaw. I don't know
where the canal is located, and whether its problems are in any way
connected to the WWTP discharge. We will be glad to investigate this
separately from the swamp discharge study if it needs attention sooner
than late summer when the study is scheduled. Please let us know more
specifically what area needs to be investigated and what the problem
seems to be so that we may schedule an earlier investigation if necessary.
JB:cs

I: ,YIUIL"J,l71n(lA1:3J:(U1 L,
CI!Ian,Uii'17
March 8, 1983
NORTH CAROLINA
WILDLIFE
FEDERATION
P.O. Box 10626
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA,27605 - 0626
[phone]
ALI :s
Dr. Hubert C. Patterson
602 South Columbia Street
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Dear Dr. Patterson:
IR Pep,'
MAR 1 1 1983
Q. Of C-n won„renra► 1V
Raleigh. N. C.
Thank you for your note expressing your concern about the condition of
the canal at Lake Waccamaw. We are aware that there is a pollution
problem; however, as a non-profit education organization there is
nothing we can do directly to solve it. We have referred this situation
to the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and the North
Carolina Environmental Management Commission for their action. We
have also forwarded a copy of your note along with a copy of this
letter.
Thank you for writing, and for continuing to support the Federation.
Sincerely,
Michael. R. Mann
Executive Vice President
cc: 'North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
Archdale Building
512 N. Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27611
Vernon Bevill
Mr. Bob Helms
NC Environmental Management Commission
Archdale Building
512 N. Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27611
MRM/jfb
D

MEMO.
TO: i CES7i ourLr i
n41 on 4-6 c-1 oU •
kr-N aw t u%c<- cr) an J
DATE
SUBJECT:
YAD5(
3-►8-83
War Oro Ion° uD
CC4,11cJ
&r\A t1: vfi's'
a.h U`ki ma i& Can n in� w 1441
`J
h 411-is froio160 .
—Jann-gr
North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources &Community Development

NORTH CAROLINA WILDLIFE FEDERATION
PO BOX 10626 RALEIGH. N.C. 27605
C'cL.L't
(LAU)
E�' j I /,
:1 i� E,. e 361m `ya. cantinwvi 4 ' YL iQ�IP;�a, �} u,
r un, &,1 add, .el•t.enc�L�i, to' oun, ego in• i,rn,Fvun�t4, wLiPiiQ`� z�iaeavca, manor/matt avnaed .sta1Q anal,
Marti
LE-A(5E-
; 3 A
Dr. Hubert C. Patterson
602 South Columbia St.
..Chapel Hill, NC 27514
li9re0-71of Lt{.7( e F
CJ &72_F 6 t
1 ' it it de. e/4-5 4
fi k ,U
7(Jfs.
CdNTii•c? Tfr4
je fk4
/24. J;rdA.).e Ta
Third February
RENEWAL STATEMENT
Please return this top portion with
�--' your check or money order to assure
your subscription to Friend O'Wildlife
magazine. 373 103297
0 f— i S ee c!--a?Ice ck _
�R
RPCETVED
Qtr.
MAR 1 1 1983
ai t.nvirur,r;.ental Mirk,
Raleigh, t' %
tATER "�T/p 'UgLI .

North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources &Community Development
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Dr. Hubert C. Patterson
602 South Columbia St.
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
Dear Dr. Patterson:
DIVISION OF ENVIRONVMENTALf M NhEkratary
April 19, 1983
Subject: Canal at Lake Waccamaw
Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina
Columbus County
This Department has been informed of your concern regarding the condition
of the canal at Lake Waccamaw through the North Carolina Wildlife Federation.
This office has been aware of the increasing growth of rooted aquatic vegetation,
particularly located at the northern and western portions of the canal. Both
"duck" weed and alligator weed readily thrive in the lowland swamp areas where
little water movement appears. During rainy periods, spring and early fall,
naturally occurring nutrients, from decaying leaves, wood and organic material
are believed to be washed out of the swamp, accelerating the growth of the
vegetation.
The Department is now planning to conduct a study of the swamp and canal
during the summer, to determine water movement patterns and nutrient sources.
Information may be obtained by request after the study has been completed.
As far as the actual removal of vegetation and debris from the canal, this
office can only suggest that members of the community collectively remove the
material.
Mr. Michael Mann, N.C. Wildlife Federation stated in a letter to you that
a pollution problem existed. This office is not aware of any pollution problems;
however, we would be interested in your comments relative to any pollution problems
which you know to exist.
If we can be of further assistance to you in this matter, please contact
Mr. Mike Williams of my staff at [phone].
CW/MFW/sf
cc: N.C. Wildlife Federation
LA --Jennifer Buzun
Mr. Mike Williams
Wilmington Regional Office
Central Files
Sincerely,
ORIGINAL SfGNED By,
CHARLES WAKILD
Charles Wakild
Regional Supervisor
Wilmington Regional Office 7225 Wrightsville Avenue, Wilmington, N. C. 28403-3696 Telephone [phone]