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Home My WebLink About20061539 Ver 2_More Info Received_201207164 t Amanda Jones Asheville Regulatory Field Office 151 Patton Avenue Room 208 Asheville NC 28801 5006 Ot-p - 1 S3 9 U a-- Ms Cyndi Karoly CV EA,�' P`') C- K North Carolina Division of Water Quality 1650 Mad Service Center Raleigh NC 27699 1650 This letter is in reference to the Public Notice issued by the US Army Corps of Engineers regarding the application from the Grey Rock Community Association for impacts associated with their development The intent of this letter is to express local citizens (Rosy Branch Taylor Creek Cedar Creek Watershed Association) concerns about the integrity of the proposed development and its cumulative impacts on the public interests as stated in the Public Notice As referenced in the Public Notice specific concerns as regards the probable impacts on the public interest are as follows 1) The request for a permit lists only 467 linear feet of stream channel and 0 03 acre of wetl associated with road construction as impacts The proposed 375 single family lots associat infrastructure and their individual driveways excavations drain fields wells etc are not mclu e� as constituting impact With that much construction the cumulative impacts increase dramatically in all areas mentioned in the Public Notice These being specifically Water Quality Essential Fish Habitat and Endangered Species 2a) As mentioned in the section Existing Site Conditions the site is almost entirely forested and the streams are bordered by mature riparian forests These riparian forests are essential to the health of the ecosystem wildlife and water quality In this section there is no mention of the steepness of the slopes of this mountainous land or what measures will be taken to protect against erosion 2b) Also in this section are mentioned two unfinished spec homes and the HGTV Dream Home These existing structures and the unfinished infrastructure thereof represents the kinds of development practice that leave a burden on the landscape and local community in the form of erosion eyesores and increased financial burden on the municipalities to correct and/or finish the uncompleted road construction 2c) Conspicuously this section fads to mention the series of switchback roadways on the north face of Joel Ridge below the spec homes This is a prime example of the kinds of impact that concerns local residents This is an eroding mess seeded with an invasive species whose impact will last forever and resists effective mitigation 3) When construction was initiated in 2005 it was noticed that a) Streams became silty water temperature in the creeks rose and the local trout population declined b) A significant increase of displaced wildlife (black bears etc) showed up in adjacent residential areas c) Property taxes were doubled These are all noted impacts experienced directly by the local community uut� C r— N d N (� �J 14 In the Evaluation section of the Public Notice mention is made of the probable and cumulative impacts on the public interest The following impacts likely to occur affecting the needs and welfare of the people are conservation economics" aesthetics general environmental concerns wetlands damage to historic properties*" fish and wildlife values flood hazards water supply water quality and safety *There are environmental educators and others who rely on this watershed being an agn tourism attraction and the Grey Rock construction could potentially have a negative impact on the economy "Please note that historic preservation is also an important element within this project as many residents have found artifacts such as indigenous pottery arrowheads spearheads and other tools A State archaeologist (David Moore from Warren Wilson) has recently confirmed significant artifacts in this particular watershed and the importance of historic preservation In addition to these probable impacts our Watershed Association has remaining questions about aspects to the development not mentioned in the Public Notice These Questions are as follows 1) Where does Grey Rock plan to get their water to supply 375 homes? 2) How will the septic and leach fields be treated for these homes? 4) What is the plan for the unrecorded roads that switchback down the North face of Joel Ridge? 5) Where will the water go from the steep (10% grade) impermeable roads during heavy rains? 6) How much will the property taxes go up after construction is completed at Grey Rock? 7) We ask that roads that are not directly used as access to the 375 home sites be taken off the plan 8) We ask that roads which are too steep or risk floods /run -off be taken off the plan The neighboring residents of Grey Rock recognize many plant and animals species that should be acknowledged and protected throughout this process of evaluation Attached to this public letter are lists that have been compiled of species that live in the Rosy Branch & Taylor /Cedar Creek Watersheds The Grey Rock property is the sole wild area between the Town of Lake Lure and Taylor Creek Watershed This area is the home to many species who are already encroached upon who would be impacted by the large scale of roads and residential housing to be constructed at Grey Rock As a final statement on this letter and perhaps in reference to the most significant impact on the people of Rosy Branch Taylor Creek and Cedar Creek is the consideration of such a potentially destructive project and the effects on the people and ecosystems neighboring Grey Rock without calling for a vote from those who would be most affected This subtle yet steady influence on the local democratic rights of the residents of this watershed (as well as others surrounding Grey Rock) is one that should be considered when granting such large scale privileges We appeal to the Army Corps of Engineers to protect the Rosy Branch Taylor Creek and Cedar Creek watershed and the neighbors who live here from an assault on our properties economies water quality and our ecosystem We the Rosy Branch Taylor Creek and Cedar Creek Association request a public hearing to be held in regards to our questions and concerns as residents of this watershed that have already been impacted by the construction of Grey Rock Association We the undersigned are concerned residents of Rosy Branch Taylor Creek and Cedar Creek Association living adjacent to Grey Rock development 32S Stine Maas 6n, 2'711 -3 Z S Sione Mountwol -T �rx-1 R /k AI,? A/( ZP711 1 �40"V, A00 J-c 1 c rim Vwlrn /Uc .1g-It, L-a�C, VIw1,lt M -bra iii r"« w `(-�/,��D 3- rp�� )A4'r ezr4� t/o I,'-' Pd -3,5- 2ne �� Z:� A/C a P71)� bruo , 0�4516, q Sla r &J- 73(1 de Mau N,4Af,O.JL FAIIOR AfPA!O?ey)Q,*9(YCY K'O 1 4- 6Tw- b�vz i R4 81le-�IQ7-� PC d, 97 C j S (-N t- ewacle.-I 28711 a�� - S 4-Eu� 1-exr 3� N�-t-n� Mc 2,8-74-11 `HQ,+ `e ',race, , y a&k ffaAA1fw1, Nc ?--87ll z t=JII L,rc Ic [z,A '3i �,c[LN� C I zk�91 ®kA c K �b�NrATP1 N L- Z $71) 5 ToNt �o��P� �p� M � 7 << �r NC Lall -7 5' l rU �o0"'rkI� C3C kC �: fkc t"J _ai -roc eL /� SD 5c4KC.ta4aj- Rd d (ac K Nlo�o» �M AIG 2 Pr 71 1 f ,¢ �000?� A/C 123'7// -�/ fe If ge4,�,W(e I f(4-t /' Zr"l(( ,5 e14(ftl M�7 lVc��7111 NC- a��►� t 2� ten„ � �Cor%r,nek .nchmarL?-A, Black-n&wn+A,n,N C- I zsstll �Q Au QSuuw�N /6f' AunrabeW�W, 13�W R�1/laf� AJC z87U �r�� old t rAv NATIVE OR NATURALIZED PLANTS ON EARTHAVEN PROPERTY Aceraceae -Maple Family Acer Trees with opposite branching, 4 or 5 flower parts ovary maturing into 2 winged seeds (you know helicopters) All species can be tapped for their sap A rubrum RED MAPLE Our most common maple Throughout A negundo BOX ELDER Distinguished from other maples by its pumately compound leaf of 3-5 leaflets. Often confused with poison ivy when young, can be distinguished by its opposite branching. Aesculaceae- Buckeye Family Aesculus octandra YELLOW BUCKEYE Considered poisonous, the large saponurnch seeds have been used as fish poison The seeds have also been used to treat asthma, indigestion, and varicose veins They may be marginally edible if treated (Elpel Duke) Wet woods, throughout Altsmataceae Sagittana laujolur BROAD- LEAVED ARROWHEAD Plants aquatic or in very wet soil leaves basal long petioled arrow shaped In marshy area behind CH Anacardiaceae- Cashew Family Rhus Shrubs or vines with alternate pinnately or temately compound leaves sometimes with volatile oils capable of causing contact dermatitis The sumacs are large shrubs with alternate, pumnately, compound leaves and torch - shaped clusters of red bemes Their bark and roots have a history of medicinal use and the bemes steeped in hot or cold water make a tasty lemonade -like beverage Poison sumac very rare in our area has white bemes and grows in marshy places R glabra SMOOTH SUMAC Has smooth (hairless) stems R ryphina STAGHORN SUMAC Has densely pubescent (hairy) stems R radicans POISON IVY An import= food for buds and a first response erosion control this plant also helps protect inured land by fnghtemng away humans Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)-Carrot Family A large family including many edible culinary and medicinal plants as well as the most poisonous plants in NA. Do not ingest 11lantc from this f wily unless you are absolutely certain you have id Pnfified thonaupicxbL Leaves alternate usually compound flowers in umbels Contum maculatum POISON HEMLOCK Deadly poisonous, Seen at TVK greywater pond Daucus carota WILD CARROT QUEEN ANNE S LACE The same species as our edible carrot Hairy stems, forked bracts beneath flower cluster Dry sunny roadsides fields Hickory knob area Ligustuum canadense ANGELICO BOARHOG ROOT Also called Appalachian Osha, this plant has a history of medicinal and talismanic use Brings strength of the bear' Yurtgoslavia, forest garden, campground Oxypolrs ngidror COWBANE PDF Created with Aoyl*Uvta>'l P Ia/l'} JP 'ecl/PS / gc aul�e� A ppq 1,aeA,Ah1C -a- . Prn Dstia C� g uS-b rum iGl hga�Pn 2�� 9I ,ock (Ohos� C AC-taea rolemoJa A.7 d Ci rri 1 n lo&g a rg ce�psq J m oay)�O,h G'o %40', #P44,0 r (4UdSOI31A /11Qn-11'i ) T'Dck Gnome L/cher) C%X n7,n odPrW74 ) I h PgI-P �dSr Bti��j, %gy1m /�rcfgr ZrPP wq f ,OrsAoc l Pun, [ Oh lUldr) C A'�'O�irt�► SoPrn 7=h a, morel �pnsi.r La �ufOc�p� Cl h PI"P�r to kop 4pm -/ h ,44 1.,1 I "j) http / /www docudesk com Poisonous Streambanks Main st from 2nd creek crossing ssurg to forest garden Sanrcula sp BLACK SANICLE Woods w /some sun and water f 7hasprum sp E side of brllygoat bridge Apocynaceae- Dogbane Family Vinca minor VINCA Escape from cultivation Medicine wheel labyrinth Aquafohaceae -Holly Famdy C ?>s leuo�� fay 1704A.,zu `` �J W Plln Ile, CNo�o py�-�Gi� /�u.r vrc��.r�P•� f� ' At". *7 j Nrf US Rex opaca AMERICAN HOLLY ✓ A close relative of yerba mate the roasted leaves of tins plant have been f brewed as a beverage tea I2 'W"- I,-)" J/ / rIL Araceae -Aram Family The pirate s favorite plant family Armaema `, /" to trrphyllum JACK IN THE PULPIT --.- v �`T he corm (root) of this plant con'tams calcium oxalate crystals, wiuch Irritate our tissue The pounded corms have been used as a poultice p 6c4—jro stimulate rheumaticJomts, and can be processed to be made edible I — 14%%f� row %eir-Are / 1 Arahaceae- Gmseng Famdy This firmly is sometimes included in the Apraceae Aralm spmosa HERCULES CLUB Medicine Wheel garden Panax gmnquefoht m GINSENG ') Asclepiadaceae- Milkweed Family Ascleprassp MILKWEED Asteraceae (Compositae )-Composite Family The largest plant firmly in NA, 1 in 7 plants in NA will belong to this family Acunomerrssp WINGSTEM Streambanks wet sunny areas. Near sauna Achrllea mdlefohum YARROW Extensive history of medicinal use Stops bleeding, stimulates digestion, useful in colds/flus Sunny areas, fields Ambrosia Ragweed, despite being the cause of marry seasonal allergic reactions is used as an antihistamine or antuntlammatory Gather leaves before the flowers have opened and/or wash thoroughly to remove pollen. A artemrsifolra RAGWEED Has finely divided leaves, like mugwort A tnfolrum RAGWEED Has 3 5 lobed leaves Ante —aria sp PUSSYTOES Fields dry open woods N side of road near snake but & Yurtgoslavra Aster A large genus Flower heads typically with many thin rays often purplish Astringent but some species reportedly edible A curtrs» SQUARROSE ASTER Rays violet, bracts spreading - recurved Roadsides. A drvarrcatus WHITE WOOD ASTER Rays white lower leaves heart - shaped. Woods„ hickory knob Brdens The seeds of both species stick to your clothes in the fall Arrtunflammatory diuretic mildly anticatarrhal I eat the leaves raw or cooked Roadsides, etc throughout Owe r-W � v PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial http / /www docudesk com ,9�P,6� Spgr/i�r�uJ� Crysanthemum leucanthemum OXEYE DAISY Immune stimulant and tasty sprinkled in salads Learn to recognize it as a basal rosette in its dormant form Garden edges, fields, throughout Elephantopus carolmianus ELEPHANT S FOOT Garden edges roadsides Throughout Erechtttes hieracifolia FIREWEED Paul s shop Engeron canadensts CANADIAN FLEABANE Roadsides, 2nd creek Eupatonum A large genus mostly ofopposite or whorled clump-forming perennials including both poisonous and medicinal species E coelestmum PURPLE SNAKEROOT Purple flowers Woods E frstulosum E Spp ? QUEEN OF THE MEADOW Used medicinally primarily as a diuretic Also called JOE PYE WEED allegedly because of a snake-oil medicine type traveling salesman by that name who claimed that his extract from this plant could heal all kind of ailments and so on. A tall plant with 4-8 or so whorled leaves Puck- purple flowers Roadsides, streambanks w/ some sun Throughout E perfoliatum BONESET The name supposedly comes from its use as a powerful diaphoretic in bone - breaking flus Perfoliate diamond- shaped leaves white flowers E creek crossing. E rugosum WHITE SNAKE ROOT The cause of milk sickness a disease contracted by drinking milk from animals grazing on this plant, which claimed thousands of lives in the 19th century including Abraham Lincoln s mother White flowers Woods clearings throughout. Gnaphahum obtusifohum RABBIT TOBACCO Fields dry soils Helurnthus sp WOOD SUNFLOWER Hteractum sp RATTLESNAKE WEED Roadsides Iva annua This uncommon visitor from the lowlands seems quite at home around the entrance to the forest garden Krigia sp DWARF DANDELION Basal rosette w/ scapose flower stalk Fields Lactuca sp WILD LETTUCE A tincture or concentrated extraction of the plant is used as an analgesic Field edges roadsides Prenanthes albs WHITE LETTUCE Edible but very bitter Highly variable leaves w/ white latex like dandelion or chicory Woods throughout PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com Rudbeckra R hrrta BLACK EYED SUSAN Probably introduced. Possibly naturalized TV commons, R lacinala SO CHAN GREEN HEADED CONEFLOWER An important food plant of native people so chan may also have some of the immune- stumulatmg properties of its close relative echmacea Wet sunray places, throughout Senecro S aureus GOLDEN RAGWORT Its basal rosette of cordate leaves is sometimes mistaken for edible Kola spp It is used medicinally but there is some concern regarding its content ofpyrrolizidine alkaloids some of which may damage the liver S smalh Yurtgoslavia Probably throughout Sohdago GOLDENROD The goldenrods are as a rule diuretic and anticatarrhal as such used as tonic herbs for the kidneys and lungs. Bright yellow (solid-day glo) flowers, alternate leaves Roadsides fields, woods throughout S rugosa A very common species, named for its rugose (leathery embossed) leaves Its strong aromatic qualities make this my favonte species for tea S spp There are at least 3 species of goldenrod at earthhaven, probably including S erecta and S uhgmosa Sonchus arvensis SOW THISTLE The young greens are edible raw or cooked Gardens, etc Taraxacum qfflcranale DANDELION If people understood the healing power of dandelions they would be an endangered species Diuretic, bitter digestive and liver tonic rich in vitamins minerals & mulin. All parts edible Vernonursp IRONWEED Dark purple flowers opposite leaves Roadsides Paul s shop - medicine wheel Balsammaceae•Balsam Family Impanens pdhda JEWELWEED Whole plant or plantlwce used for rashes insect stings, poison ivy Near water throughout Berbendaceae- Barberry Family Podophyllum peltadum MAYAPPLE Root and leaf poisonous fruit edible (good luck beating the wildlife to them) Rich woods labyrinth trail Betulaceae -Burch Family Deciduous monoecious trees and shrubs with alternate simple toothed leaves Alnus serrulara ALDER Streambanks Benda BIRCH B lenta BLACK BIRCH Identify by the rich wintergreen aroma of its twigs This species is used as an antimflammatory astringent diaphoretic and analgesic It also makes a great beverage tea or flavor for meads Rich woods throughout B mgrs RIVER BIRCH Shaggy peeling reddish bark Streambanks Bignomaceae- Catalpa Family Campsis radreans TRUMPET CREEPER PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com Opposite pinnately compound vine with large orange trumpet- shaped flowers White owl cafe Ora waceae- ora a amp flddl�elten usually a�ry foliage ' �4f b 04m lflg 04 Qi wiilo Ilk 4 Afyosons sp FORGET ME -NOT Blue flowers Wet woods, E end Brassicaceae (Cruciferae )-Mustard Family A large family characterized by its 4 petals arranged in an X or = = shape usually with 6 stamens 2 of which are shorter than the other 4 The foliage tends to have a mustardy or cabbagey smell I consider any member of this family to be edible if palatable Arabis sp ROCK CRESS Whoa check out those fronds Rich woods. Tlilaspi arvense PENNY CRESS Gardens, path edges Wonky but Capsella bursa patoru SHEPHERD S PURSE Used internally or externally to stop bleeding, during childbirth to stimulate uterme contractions Garden edges etc Cardamine sp BITTER CRESS Lunana annua MONEY PLANT Its large disc-shaped fruits are used in dried flower arrangements, but are also great food when young. Try them in a stir fry Calycanthaceae CalycanthusJlondus CAROLINA ALLSPICE Aromatic shrub opposite leaves and maroon -brown flowers Damp woods streambanks Zen but Jill s cabin. Campanulaceae- Harebell or Bluebell Family Herbaceous plants with alternate simple leaves and 5- parted flowers Lobeha is sometimes considered to be in a separate family the Lobehaceae Campanula divencata BELLFLOWER Light blue bell- shaped flowers. Wet rocky woods, 2nd creek mailboxes Lobeha Zygomorphic (2 lipped) flowers with 2 petals above and 3 below L cardinahs CARDINAL FLOWER Deep red flowers Streambanks and wet roadsides L mflata LOBELIA Used medicinally as a bronchiodilator tonically and acutely for asthma in low doses Larger doses can cause vomiting and severe respiratory depression Contains lobelme chemically sumlar to nicotine a possible reason this herb is used to ease cravings for tobacco Sunny meadows edges Paul s shop L puberula DOWNY LOBELIA Showy blue flowers & harry stem Common garden belund kitchen L spicata SPIKE LOBELIA Small pale blue flowers Woods main st Speculana perfolrata VENUS LOOKING GLASS A beautiful and often overlooked little plant The specific name indicates its perfohate leaves (tire stem passes completely through them) Garden edges etc I Cannabaceae- Manjuana Family Humulus lupulus HOPS Escape from cultivation possibly naturalized Main st TVK. Capnfobaceae- Honeysuckle Family This family has recently been restructured moving sonic genera, notably Sambucus and Viburnum into the Adoxaceae PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial http / /www docudesk com Lomcerglapomca JAPANESE HONEYSUCKLE The unopened flowers are a main ingredient in Yin Chiao a common TCM formula Woods, throughout Sambucus canadensis ELDER The flowers and fruit are excellent antivuals Other parts somewhat to strongly toxic Clearings, roadsides with water A&A garden, top of Camp Elliott rd Kburnum A large genus of shrubs or small trees with opposite leaves and a 1- seeded edible Quit V acer►fobum MAPLELEAF VIBURNUM Rich wet woods Rosie branch, Main st? V prumfobun BLACK HAW The root bark or as sometimes practiced by conscientious wildcrafters the twigs, of this plant are used as an antispasmodic to both smooth and skeletal muscles, for pain, to prevent miscamage and as a mild nervine Woods, throughout Caryophyllacese -Pmk Family Herbaceous annuals, or sometimes perennials with opposite leaves Stellana I ve not heard of a poisonous species S media CHICKWEED Mineral rich and deeply nourishing Eat raw Juiced, cooked, in tea etc Promotes health Gardens, rich sod throughout S pubera WOOD CHICKWEED Definitely edible exactly as above Slightly but not much tougher Woods, throughout Silene S vugmica FIRE PINK Main street. S stellata WOOD PINK A gorgeous white flower with fringed petals. Leaves in whorls of 4 at base usually becoming opposite towards apex E side of billygoat bridge Uncommon Celastraceae- Staffiree Family Euonymous amencanus HEARTS -A BUSTIN WITH LOVE Throughout Celasow BITTERSWEET An invasive vine The root is used as an alterative (Shane) Chenopodiaceae- Goosefoot Family Chenopodium album LAMBSQUARTERS Edible raw or cooked Has highest calcium content of any plant ever analyzed (Elpel) Gardens throughout Clethraceae The family consists of one genus, Clethra Clethra acummata PEPPERBUSH OR SOAPBUSH Bark high in sapomns and historically used as an emetic Uncommon Across from Paul s shop Commelmaceae- Spiderwort Family Commel►na commun►s DAYFLOWER Blue flowers, edible and mucilaginous Natz d in TVK garden Tradescanna sp SPIDERWORT Purple flowers hairy also edible and mucilaginous Sunny wet places Convolvulaceae- Mornmg Glory Family Vining plants usually with showy flowers and alternate leaves PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial http / /www docudesk com Pretty orange flowers Woods uncommon R. NP (A a) RnoBo Way p®Iotluu§ N §id® of hills wul plum d>toughout Vaccmium spp BLUBERRY There are numerous slip in the Southern Appalachians and at least 2 3 at EH Shrubs with light green, oval alternate leaves Berries edible and highly antioxidant Leaves mildly diuretic and astringent lower blood sugar (Blankespoor) excellent tea (tastes hike green tea with a touch of sourness) Twigs reputedly toxic Woods throughout Euphorbiaceae- Spurge Family A large family of herbs shrubs vines and trees Flowers often highly specialized, minute and/or subtended by showy or leaflike bracts Fruit usually 3 lobed Occ w/ milky sap Acalypha app THREE -SEED MERCURY Roadsides, garden edges. Euphorbia A large and variable genus of herbs shrubs or trees with milky sap Only herbaceous spp in our area E corollata FLOWERING SPURGE Glandular petaloid appendages (they look like petals) white Roadsides, etc with sun E maculata Fabaceae (Legummosae )-Pea Family The third largest plant family it consists of herbs vines shrubs and trees Leaves with pulvinus (an enlargement of the base of the petiole, responsible for allowing leaves to droop during drought and high heat) and almost always compound Flowers usually zygomorphic with characteristic banner wings keel morphology fruit usually a legume roots often with nitrogen fixing bacterial nodules Leaves of three often a pea Frank Cook Amorpha fruncosa A fairly uncommon shrub differentiated from black locust by its lack of thorns, small size, and spikes of purple flowers W side of 2nd creek crossing, towards Darren s, near creek (Postscript this individual could be A glabra I in not sure) Amphicarpa bracteata HOG PEANUT Vine with 3 parted leaves The peanut on the roots is erhble cooked Wet woods, throughout Apros amerwana GROUNDNUT Nearly became subsidized as a national food but lost out to the white potato we know and love I ve rarely found it to be abundant enough to harvest in our area Showy red-purple flowers Billygoat bridge wet places Cassia obtustfoha SICKLEPOD I can no longer remember when or where I saw this plant at EH D smodtum sp TICK TREFOIL 3 parted leaves Woods Lathyrus lanfoltus SWEET EVERLASTING 2- parted compound leaves, winged scan pink flowers Main st garden edges. Lespedeza sp BUSH PEA Narrow 3 parted leaves Fields sunny areas Robinta pseudoacacia BLACK LOCUST White flowers I remember seeing another species R hisprda on Camp Elliott rd near the entrance to the school Woods throughout Trrfohum T pratense RED CLOVER Flowers nutritive alterative diuretic expectorant high in phytoestrogens T repens WHITE CLOVER T sp YELLOW BUSH CLOVER Ncra spp VETCH PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial http / /www docudesk com Convohndus arvensts BINDWEED Waste places fields, near Jill s cabin Cuscuta sp DODDER Parasitic plant with yellow- orange stems and no roots or leaves Main st, near council hall Ipomoea spp MORNING GLORY Nated in fields, sunny places Cornaceae- Dogwood Family Cormts jlortdus DOGWOOD Woods, throughout Crassulaceae- Stonecrop Family Sedum A large genus of small succulent herbs Edible and astringent There are at least 2 spp at EH S nevu S sp Cyperaceae-Sedge Family Differentiated from grasses and rushes by their triangular flower stalks Drainage ditches, pond/stream edges Cyperus sp SEDGE Cucurbitaceae -Gourd Family Sicyos angulaim BUR CUCUMBER Large climbing vine with 54obed leaves Annual or perennial from root Forest garden, Medicine wheel Dlapensiaceae Galax aphylla GALAX Commonly overharvested for use in dried flower arrangements. Dry ndges Piney knob Ebenaceae -Ebony Family Dtospyrus virgin ma PERSIMMON Gather the friars after the first frost to nummize mouth implosion. Village green Encaceae -Heath Family A large family of shrubs trees and some perennial herbs, typically with cup- or bell- shaped flowers and often with tough, leathery leaves The Monotropaceae and Pyrolaceac are sometimes included in this family Chimaphila umbellata PIPSISSEWA Overharvested for medicinal use and for use as a flavoring for Pepsi Eptgaea repens TRAILING ARBUTUS S side of road between Benchmark and VT Kalmia lattfoha MOUNTAIN LAUREL Poisonous Distinguished from Rhododendron by its smaller leaves and flowers Hilltops woods throughout Leucothoe sp DOGHOBBLE Cherokee used root ooze on mangy dogs (Moemran) Streambanks Monotropa uni lora GHOST PIPE This plant has no chlorophyll and derives its nutrients by parasitizing flingi (myco- heterotropluc) Woods throughout Oxydendron arb ream SOURWOOD A medium tree often with oval or pear- shaped trunk in cross section Leaves edible sour used therapeutically for acute cottonmouth Woods. Rhododendron R calendulaceum FLAME AZALEA PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com Pmnately compound leaves with tendril at Up Edibility controversial Fagaceae -Beech Family A farmily of monoecious trees Fruit a nut, enclosed or partially enclosed by an involucre of hardened bracts iFr Castanea dentata CHESTNUT orrne ly a huge part of our ecosystem, nowadays chestnuts typically die before they reach frutting age Woods e _— Pagus gramtifolia BEECH Smooth, light grey bark Dead leaves persistent long into winter Rich damp woods, throughout. Quercus A large genus of trees The white oaks have blunt Upped lobes, the red oak leaf lobes are bristle -Upped The acoms of all species can theoretically be eaten after leaching off the tannins, but the white oaks tend to have less tannin content Q albs WHITE OAK Q coccinea SCARLET OAK Q pnmis CHESTNUT OAK Q rubra NORTHERN RED OAK Q veluhna BLACK OAK Gentiamaceae- Gentian Family Gentimra sp GENTIAN Dark blue bottle-shaped flowers in late summer /early autumn, opposite leaves Extensive modem and historical use as a digestive bitter Mann st between from gate and trash cans Uncommon. Geramaceae- Geranium Family Geranium maculatum WILD GERANIUM Pink flowers deeply lobed leaves Only harvest when flowering to avoid mistaking a poisonous member of the Ranunculaceae Highly astringent Rich woods Grossulanaceae•Gooseberry Family Ribes GOOSEBERRY Not sure this one should be on the list did I see one in the wild9 Hamamehdaceae•Witcb Hazel Family Hamamelu virgintana WITCH HAZEL Astringent with affinity for sinus and skin tissue Boggy stagnant sinuses skin inflammation, hemorrhoids diarrhea. Leaves unevenly lobed at base Streambanks, throughout Hydrangeaceae - Hydrangea Family Hydrangea sp WILD HYDRANGEA Small shrub with clustered white flowers Distinguished from Spirea when not in flower by its opposite leaves Streambanks, wet roadsides, etc Hydrophyllaceae- Waterleaf Family Hydrophyllum virginianum WATERLEAF Wet rich woods ludden valley Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis sp YELLOW STAR GRASS Fields dry ish sunny places yurtgoslavia Hypencaceae -St John s Wort Family This family of herbs and occasionally shrubs is often included in the Clusiaceae. Simple oval opposite leaves and yellow flowers Hypencum PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com A large genus All spp are edible (Elpel) Yellow flowers with many stamens usually 5 parted. H hypericoufes ST ANTHONY S CROSS -0ides means looks lice (so the name now tells us that this is a Hypericum that looks lice a Hypencum) Formerly known as Ascyrum hypen otdes Mat fomung, 4 parted flowers Woods throughout H punctatum ST JOHN S WORT High in hypencin, the compound apparently responsible for this plant s efficacy in treating mild depression bums and viral infection and stimulating liver function Sunny roadsides fields, etc Paul s shop H mutilum? DWARF ST JOHN S WORT There is at least this one other species of Hypencum on the land Muddy streambanks & boggy areas near sauna Indaceae-Ins Family Iris sp CRESTED DWARF IRIS Rich wet woods. Sisynnchium sp BLUE-EYED GRASS Sunny areas, fields yurtgoslavia Juglandaceae- Walnut Family Trees with compound, opposite leaves and edible nuts Catya HICKORY 5 11 (m our species) leaflets pith solid, leaves more or less aromatic when crushed C tomentosa MOCKERNUT HICKORY C glabra PIGNUT HICKORY Juglans 11 23 leaflets chambered pith, leaves strongly aromatic when crushed J cinerea BUTTERNUT J nigra BLACK WALNUT Juncaceae -Rush Family Distinguished from grasses and sedges by their roundness Juncos sp (spp 9) RUSH Stream banks pond edges ditches. Lamiaceae (Labiatae )-Mmt Family Square stems opposite leaves zygomorpluc flowers, usually aromatic when crushed Usually not poisonous caution in pregnancy Ajuga reptans BUGLEWEED Escape from cultivation Jill s cabin Colltnsoma canadensis OX BALM Strong citrus odor Yellow flowers in terminal clusters Astringent and diuretic used for prostate issues, kidney stones and, presumably the balmmg of oxen Wet rich woods between yellowroot farm & Medicine Wheel gardens Glechoma hederacea GROUND IVY Also callede Alehoofe this herbe bestowef itf greate wirtuef upon the breweres Carminative expectorant. Garden edges Jill s cabin Lycopus sp BUGLEWEED Wet places Mellisa of rcianahs LEMON BALM Netvine relaxant, antidepressant, antiviral carminative Lightens the spirit Mentha piperita PEPPERMINT Esc from cult Monarda Wet woods Likely esc from cult at Jill s M didyma BEE BALM PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial http /Avww docudesk com M fistulosa WILD BERGAMOT Perrlla frutescens PERILLA Esc from cult. Paul s shop Prunella vulgans HEAL ALL SELF HEAL Roadsides, fields throughout Pycnanihemum incanum MOUNTAIN MINT The upper leaves become very white near the mflorescence Sunny edges, throughout. Salvia lyrata LYRE -LEAF SAGE No aromatics Our only native Salvia it was historically used as a smudge for energetic cleansing Edges, roadsides, streambanks Scutellaria integnfolui SKULLCAP Bluish flowers with distinctive persistent crest on upper calyx lobe Sunny edges village green, main sL Lauraceae - Laurel Family Typically aromatic shrubs or small trees Lmdera bemom SPICEBUSH Knobby bark red beres, flowers in early spring before leaves Wet woods, throughout Sassafras albulum SASSAFRAS Supple 2 or 3 lobed leaves with distinct odor of fruit loops Woods and edges, throughout Liliaceae -Lily Family A very large monocot family sometimes divided into up to 70 smaller families Flowers in 3 or 6 parts. EryAromum amerwana TROUTLILY Eat the young leaves in early spring. Wet woods, bridge between CH and TP Disporum lamrgmosum FAIRY BELLS Eating the benes has been said to cause transformation into a fairy Rich woods ludden valley Ldium superbum TURKSCAP LILY— N iba —* near village green. - —"' Medeola virgrmana WILD CUCUMBER ROOT Roots edible but this plant is uncommon at best Rich woods — Polygonatum bifonim SOLOMON S SEAL J Known also as high John the`conqueror root $us plant has been used {� mismanically for luck and protectioni—Also the presence of allantom in the roofs ;makes dug-plant useful in the regeneration of tissue after all wounds, mclu�ig broken bones Edible but often aggravating to the throat especially raw (Flowers/fruit 1 2 from leaf axils Rich wet woods Smilacina acemosa SOLOMON S PLUME Rich woods Dist from Polygonatuin by its flowers and fruit in terminal clusters . Smilax spp BRIAR, BLASPHEMY VINE Roots contain sapomns which may exert a steroidal effect Sometimes separated into Smilacaceae Woods throughout Trillium Perennial herbs with 3 leaves and 1 6 -parted flower T cuneatum T undulatum Loganiaceae Buddlera lindeyana BUTTERFLY BUSH Natz d in front of T VK. Loranthaceae Phoradendron seronrrum MISTLETOE Parasitic on trees usually oaks Throughout PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com Magnohaceae- Magnoha Family Lrnodendron tulipifera TULIPTREE Tall straight tree Buds leaves, and twigs strongly aromatic Aphrodisiac stimulant, carminative antimicrobial Twigs as beverage tea9 Throughout Magnohafrasen FRASER MAGNOLIA I think there are other Magnolia spp present at EH Woods Nyssaceae -Black Gum Family Nyssa sylvatica BLACK GUM Oleaceae -Olive Family Chionanthus wrginicus FRINGTREE Distinguished by its drooping clusters of long - petaled white flowers Late May W side of bdlygoat bridge on streambank Onagraceae- Evening Primrose Family C►rcaea quadrisculcata ENCHANTER S NIGHTSHADE The only plant in the forest with only 2 petals. Rich woods forest garden area, throughout Oenotherafruhcosa? (spp 7) SUNDROPS There may be more than one species on EH land The seeds produce an oil rich in EFA s. Sunny areas, throughout Ludwigia ahemifoha SEEDBOX Wet roadsides, streambanks Orchidaceae- Orclud Family Corallorhiza sp PINK CORAL ROOT I remember seeing this plant with Frank Cook at EH Can t remember where Goodyera pubescens RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN Striking white net venation in the leaves Spike of white flowers A good example of the confusion that can be caused by common names, it is closely related neither to plantain nor the rattlesnake Rich woods throughout Spiranthes ovahs LESSER LADIES TRESSES A very small being with a spuahng spike of white flowers SW side of council hall (or thereabouts) Rare Ttpulana discolor CRANEFLY ORCHID Easdy distinguishable solitary leaf in the winter with its characteristic purple underside ( it s discolor like dis right dere ) This leaf decays in the summer with the development of its leafless purplish inflorescence a raceme appearing around August Rich woods, throughout Orobanchaceae- Broomrape Family Ep fagus virginrana 13EECHDROPS Purplish or yellow parasite without chlorophyll growing from beech roots Ozabdaceae- Woodsorrel Family Oxalis spp WOOD SORREL The generic name refers us to the lugh concentrations of oxalic acid, which should not be ingested in large amounts as it can lead to the development of kidney and bladder stones 5 petaled flower 3- parted leaf w/heart- shaped leaflets Throughout Papaveraceae-Poppy Fawly PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com {S- — Sangua -- canadensis BLOODROOT - {8 10 petaled white flower appeanng March April root with red -orange sap tttttsometimes used as low-dose (toxic) botanical medicine In some danger of overharvesting. Rich we[ woods near sauna Passdioraceae-Passion Flower Family Passi fora P mcarnata PASSIONFLOWER An incredibly beautiful and complex flower The whole plant is used in tea or tincture to help one relax Open sunny fields P lutes Has smaller yellow flowers and leaves much more shallowly lobed than P mcarnata N of Jill shut Phrymaceae A monotypic family consisting of only one species. Sometimes confused for Lanuaceae Pluyma leptostachya LOPSEED Rich woods tudden valley Phytolaccaceae- Pokeweed Family Phytolacca amencana POKEWEED Roots used as a potent lymphagogue in small doses Young leaves eaten boded in 1-many changes of water All parts of plant somewhat toxic Sunny areas, throughout Pmaceae -Pme Family Pinus P ngtda PITCH PINE Leaves (needles) 5 14 cm, 3 (occ 2d) per bundle Cones small 3 5 cm, round P strobus WHITE PINE Leaves 5 per bundle Cones slender 10-15 cm P vrrgmiam VIRGINIA PINE Leaves in 2 s, 2d cm, twisted Cones 3 5 5 cm with prickles Tsirga Both of these plants are non -toxic and their needles can be made into a tasty and nutritious beverage tea They are completely unrelated to the deadly poison hemlock (-- --T canadensis EASTERN HEMLOCK _ g Leaves and twigs make a nice beverage tea Seriously threatened by wooly/ l delgid infestation Leaves distichous (in two Imes along stem giving the appearance of a flat plane) T carolrnuma CAROLINA HEMLOCK Distmgwshed from T canadensrs by its leaves spiral arrangement on the twig. Plantaganaceae- Plantam Family Plantago PLANTAIN P major Edible leaf also spit- pouldced for insect stings applied to wounds for its antmucaobial antuntlammatory and vulnerary, properties Fields sunny places throughout P lanceolate? Habitat and usage similar to P major longer narrow leaves Platanaceae- Planetree Family Platamrs occtdemalis SYCAMORE A large aromatic tree with white smooth bark on young branches Streambanks near sauna/trailer park Poaceae -Grass Family Primarily herbaceous, w/lemma, pales, usu ligules Can be tedious to identify PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com Festuca FESCUE Mtcrostegium Panicutn? Setarta spp FOXTAIL GRASS Polemonaceae -Phlox Family Phlox sp PHLOX Probably P glabemma Polygonaceae- Buckwheat Family Characterized by small white pmk-red, or greenish flowers with 5-6 sepals, no petals Fruit typically 3- sided, often winged Leaves alternate simple usually with sheathing petioles (ocreae) Polygoman Edible if palatable Sometimes too astringent peppery or rough/hatry P caespitosum? SMARTWEED Pink flowers I cook the leaves with scrambled eggs Flower clusters ought be good in salads Garden edges, roadsides etc. P persicana LADY S THUMBPRINT Pink flowers in small dense clusters Has purplish -red spot on young leaves Tart flavor beconung tough and astringent with age Moist woods, near sauna, forest garden, hidden valley P sagittatum BINDWEED Vining herb with retrorse (backwards- pouting) tough hairs on stem Sagittate leaves Wet places ditches main st near CH P scandenr Similar to P sagutatum but stem glabrous (smooth, without retrorse hairs) P virgmi mum (Tovara wrgrnranum) JUMPSEED White flowers (occ pinkish or greenish) in long sparse spike Ripe seeds will Jump or fly off the plant when brushed against Otherwise similar to P perswana Rumex R. acetosella SHEEP SORREL Edible lugh in oxalic acid Garden edges fields. R cnspus and/or R obtustfolius YELLOW DOCK Root astringent and a mild anth roquuune laxative an uncommon combination of tightening the intestinal mucosa while stimulating peristalsis Leaf marginally edible The 2 species occasionally hybridize and are used interchangeably Fields garden edges Prunulaceae- Primrose Family Lysimachm quadnfolra WHORLED LOOSESTRIFE Roadsides, Main st near forest garden Pyrolaceae- Wintergreen Family Chrmaphila umbellwa PIPSISSEWA Peps is said to get its name from this plant Sometimes included in Encaceae Woods, throughout Ranunculaceae- Buttercup Family These plants tend to contain acrid protoanemomn glycosides Some members also contain deadly poisonous alkaloids Toxic to medicinal I have heard of only one marginally edible species Leaves alternate exstipulate (no stipules) but sometimes with sheathing petioles Actaea A pachypoda DOLL S EYES Toxic Inflorescence a loose roundish cluster (raceme) of white flowers maturing into white berries with dark spots Rich woods ludden valley A racemosa (Crmicrfuga racemosa) BLACK COHOSH PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com Tighter elongated raceme of smaller white flowers maturing into small brown follicles Otherwise similar to A packvoda. Extract of root widely used as antispasmodic and to alleviate symptoms of menopause Can cause headaches nausea at excessive doses Rich woods hidden valley Anemone gwnquefolra WOOD ANEMONE In its vegetative state it is a single 3 5 lobed leaf in flower it splits into a low whorl of 5 lobed leaves with its flower in the center An incredibly effective low dose (toxic decreases cerebral spinal fluid pressure) botanical Very grounding Used for shock panic attack bad trip ersatz for rescue remedy 1 5 drops of tincture Spring ephemeral in rich higher mountains I can t specifically remember where I saw it at EH probably EE or PK or upper RB A virgimana is likely to be at EH too lower wetter woods different morphology mnular use Anemonella thalictroides WINDFLOWER Rich woods N side of billygoat bridge Agwlegia canadensis COLUMBINE Natz d in gardens edges Clematis virgmmana VIRGIN S BOWER 3 leaved vine with wrinkly leaves Clematis sp are sometimes used in low doses (toxic) for migrame headaches Trailer park sunny edges throughout Ranunculus abormivus BUTTERCUP Woods, edges throughout Cy° Xanthorhizasi mpltcrssrma_Y_ELLOWROOT —� The goldenseal of southern Appalachia the roots of this plant are rich —in 6 tberbenne a yellow alkaloid known to be highly antibacterial Clinical trials have (shown berbenne to increase the efficacy of pharmaceutical a itibio"trcs tenfold -y Extracts wellim water The roots seem to dry very easily and hav ae very goodp shelf life EH is lucky to be near the epicenter of this plant s range it is rare in jibe world but is locally abundant Streambanks large patches near MW /s a liege green.l -'- _ __�..,— _. — — — Rhamnaceae- Buckthorn Family Ceanothus amencanus RED ROOT NEW JERSEY TEA Apparently the leaves were a popular tea at some point in the 19th century Can t see it, myself The root of this and many related species are used as a lymphagogue Near TV cistem and composting toilet Rosaceae -Rose Family Almost always has petioles or petiole scars Flowers in parts of 5 Ahernate leaves The herbaceous or shrubby members are often non toxic and astringent, leading to the mnemonic YARFA = Yet Another Rose Family Astringent The leaves ofAgnmoma, Fragana, Potentilla Geum and Rubus are good examples Agnmoma gryposepala? AGRIMONY Note the compound leaf with tiny leaflets between the larger ones Yellow flowers Woods with some sun MW forest garden, throughout Fragaria sp WILD STRAWBERRY Rich woods Leaves of 3 Geum canadense WHITE AVENS Often mistaken f a in mber of the Ranunculaceae Note the stipules Woods edges, throughout Potentilla canadensts CINQUEFOIL Cinquefoil means 5 leaved Woods, throughout Prunes seronna BLACK CHERRY Inner bark (use the freshly dried twigs) antitussive and expectorant Contains cyanogemc glycosides, toxic in very large doses Woods throughout Rubur These beings produce what is called an aggregate fruit, in which many separate pistils Join together to form a single thimble- shaped (in this case) cluster R occidentahs BLACK RASPBERRY MW gardens Main st near sauna R phoeniculastus WINEBERRY Excellent fruits and not very thorny Wet places streambanks, roadsides near sauna R sp DEWBERRY PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com The plants in full sun with plenty of water tend to produce the sweetest fruits Fields edges, woods, throughout Spiraeajaponica MEADOWSWEET Invasive Not to be confused with Fihpendula ulmarra (also known as meadowsweet) which when formerly included within this genus as S ulmana gave aspirin its name S japonica may contain some salycilates as well and thus have some efficacy as an anninflammatory Gillenta mfohata BOWMAN S ROOT 3- parted leaves 5 narrow white petals Woods Tom s/Alex Stevens Duchnesia tn&ca MOCK STRAWBERRY Fruits good to eat Just don t think of them as a strawberry think of them as a crunchy tart cucumbery flung Then you won t be disappointed Fields garden edges Rubtaceae- Bedstraw or Madder Family Opposite or whorled leaves Coffee is a member of this family Galium A large genus of mostly herbs some shrubs with whorled leaves Some spp are used to curdle milk some produce red to yellow dyes The orange color of some cheeses was originally from use of Gakum spp to strain and curdle rmlk There are probably more species at EH than the 2 I mention G apanne CLEAVERS This common garden weed is an excellent lymphatic tomc also used in the reduction of tumors and BPH and to treat dysun& Stewed with mutton it promotes lankenesse and keeps one from fatnesse Gardens edges throughout G circaezans LICORICE CLEAVERS 4 leaves in a whorl Stevia like sweet flavor Woods HK, EE Houstonia H caerulea BLUETS Small plant, blue - purple flowers, wet areas H purpurea Larger with white flowers Woods Afitchella repens PARTRIDGEBERRY Tnulmg/vining plant, dark green, glossy opposite leaves Tincture of whole plant used as uterine tomfier and for BPH prostatitis Rich woods, throughout Saxdmgaceae- Saxifrage Family Tiarella cord folw FOAMFLOWER Palmately lobed feat cluster of white flowers Rich wet woods Rosy branch creek throughout Scrophulanaceae- Figwort or Snapdragon Family Afitnulus nngens MONKEYFLOWER Purple flowers Stream banks wet places Paul s shop Paulownia tomentosa PAULOWNIA PRINCESS TREE Small to mechum sized tree with large clusters of large purple flowers Sunny edges, throughout Verbascum thapsis MULLEIN Leaves and flowers used as an expectorant Fields roadsides throughout Chelone lyonn TURTLEHEAD Good digestive bitter Also good for plant walk jokes Rich woods, hidden valley Veronica V persica SPEEDWELL Veromcas tend to have heart - shaped fruit Garden edges throughout Veronica sp THYME LEAVED SPEEDWELL V sp Solanaceae- Nightshade Family PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com Datura stramoniurn? JIMSONWEED Psychoactive and toxic The name is derived from Jamestown weed soldiers stationed in Jamestown ate the leaves of this plant and experienced several days of hallucinations. Deaths have resulted from misguided attempts at recreational use of this plant Open fields TV gardens Physahs sp GROUND CHERRY Sunny places near CH, forest garden Solanum carohnense? HORSE NETTLE Spiky and unpleasant Roadsides fields throughout Styracaceae- Snowbell or Storax Family Halesta carolma CAROLINA SILVERBELL Medium -sized tree with whitish flower clusters blooming Apnlish Rich woods Yellowroot Farms throughout Symplocaceae Symplocos hnctona SWEETLEAF Shrub alternate leaves become deep purple in Fall Leaves have sweet flavor Open woods, PK, EE throughout Thehpteridaceae Thehptens noveboracensts NEW YORK FERN This one was reported to me by Luke Cannon. Hidden Valley I think Unccaceae- Nettle Family Boehmana cylrndnca FALSE NETTLE A very useful fiber plant for cordage etc Seeds edible (Cook) Wet places Main st near CH Laportea canadensis WOOD NETTLE Distinguished from Umca by its larger and alternate leaves, this plant is also an excellent edible when cooked Woods, near sauna throughout Pilea pumela CLEARWEED Edible Wet places Main st near CH Umca drorca STINGING NETTLE Edible when cooked or Juiced lugh in vitamins A, C and D also lugh in many minerals and with some protein content. The stinging tnchomes inject us with formic acid and many neurotransmitters, including serotomn Brain food The stings are also used as therapy for arthritis Edges Forest garden Verbenaceae- Verbena Family Verbena urtic folta NETTLE -LEAF VERVAIN Distinguished from Lamraceae or Scrophulanaceae by its actinomorphic 5 petaled white flowers Roadsides MW Violaceae- Violet Family Viola VIOLETS The violets as a rule are edible Mucilaginous, anhinflammatory high in vitamins V papthonacea V hastata V pedata V pallens Vrtaceae -Grape family Parthenocissus qutnquefoha VIRGINIA CREEPER Vine with 5 parted compound leaves Not poison ivy Woods, throughout VMS V rotundtfolia MUSCADINE Large purple fruits Wet woods campground PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer Trial http / /www docudesk com V badeyana POSSUM GRAPE Very small bemes Low wet woods near sauna PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial http / /www docudesk com