HomeMy WebLinkAboutWQ0037335_Application (FTSE)_20210222Permit Number WQ0037335
Program Category
Non -discharge
Permit Type
Gravity Sewer Extension, Pump Stations, & Pressure Sewer Extensions
Primary Reviewer
dean.hunkele
Coastal SWRule
Permitted Flow
136,440
Facility
Facility Name
Onslow Bay Development Sewer
Location Address
Owner
Owner Name
Onslow Water and Sewer Authority
Dates/Events
Central Files: APS _ SWP
2/4/2021
Permit Tracking Slip
Status
Project Type
In review
Major modification
Version
Permit Classification
H
Individual
Permit Contact Affiliation
Major/Minor Region
Minor Wilmington
County
Onslow
Facility Contact Affiliation
Owner Type
Government - County
Owner Affiliation
Jeffrey L. Hudson
228 Georgetown Rd
Jacksonville NC 28541101
Scheduled
Orig Issue
App Received Draft Initiated Issuance
Public NoticeIssue
Effective
10/10/2014
2/1/2021
ATk
ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS • PLANNERS
TO: Mr. Dean Hunkele
NCDENR - DWR
127 Cardinal Dr. Ext.
Wilmington, NC 28405-3845
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
=fit^
FEB 0 1 2021
DATE: January 27, 2021
REF: Colony at Towne Pointe
Sewer Improvements
Fast Track Sewer Application
WE ARE SENDING YOU:
One (1) Original and One (1) Copy of the Fast Track Sewer Application; One (1) Check No. 1003 in the amount
of $480.00 for the application fee; Two (2) Flow Tracking/Acceptance Forms; and One (1) 8'/z " x l l"
Color Aerial photo.
DELIVERY VIA:
❑x
Regular Mail
❑
Hand
❑
Federal Express
❑
UPS Overnight
❑
UPS Ground
❑
Other
THESE ARE TRANSMITTED AS CHECKED BELOW:
0
El
COMMENTS:
For Approval
For Your Use
Other
❑ As Requested
❑ For Bids Due
❑ For Review and Comment
EC: Mr. Mike Tuton (Lot only) A 6
Ms. Wynne Ray - ONWASA (w/Paperwork) An ny G. Moctezuma, EI
AGM/brs CF (P), LAM, TMS
(f enclosures are not as noted, kindly notify us at once)
secretary. c2.202 LForms.ColonyatTownePointe.LOT.Hunkele.ColonyatTowne.FastTrackSewerApp. 1.27.21
306 New Bridge Street I P.O. Box 976 1 Jacksonville, NC 28541-0976 1 (910) 455-2414
Firm License Number F-0108 I www.parkerjacksonville.com
State of North Carolina
DWR Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Water Resources
15A NCAC 02T .0300 - FAST TRACK SEWER SYSTEM EXTENSION APPLICATION
Division of Water Resources FTA 04-16 & SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION
Application Number: (to be completed by DWR)
All items must be completed or the application will be returned
I. APPLICANT INFORMATION:
1. Applicant's name: ONWASA (company, municipality, HOA, utility, etc.)
2. Applicant type: ❑ Individual ❑ Corporation ❑ General Partnership ❑ Privately -Owned Public Utility
❑ Federal ❑ State/County ® Municipal ❑ Other
3. Signature authority's name: David M. Mohr. P.E.per I SA NCAC 02T 0106(b)
Title: Cheif Operations Officer
4. Applicant's mailing address: 228 Georgetown Road
City: Jacksonville State: NC Zip: 28540-_
5. Applicant's contact information:
Phone number: (910) 455-0722 Email Address: dmohr@onwasa.com
II. PROJECT INFORMATION:
1. Project name: The Colony at Towne Pointe
2. Application/Project status: ® Proposed (New Permit) ❑ Existing Permit/Project /
If a modification, provide the existing permit number: WQ0037335 and issued date: W t9l2yi4 "Ij
—'�w
If new construction but part of a master plan, provide the existing permit number: W000_
3. County where project is located: Onslow
4. Approximate Coordinates (Decimal Degrees): Latitude: 34.748110 Longitude:-77.31282'
5. Parcel ID (if applicable): 157338
(or Parcel ID to closest downstream sewer)
III. CONSULTANT INFORMATION:
1. Professional Engineer: Timothy M. Stewart License Number: 14575
Firm: Parker & Associates Inc
Mailing address: 306 New Bride Street
City: Jacksonville State: NC Zip: 28540-_
Phone number: (910) 455-2414 Email Address: office@parker'acksonville.com
IV. WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY (WWTF) INFORMATION:
1. Facility Name: French Creek Permit Number: NCO063029
Owner Name: U.S. Marine Corn - Camp LeLejeune
V. RECEIVING DOWNSTREAM SEWER INFORMATION (if different than WWTF):
Permit Number(s): W00037335 Downstream (Receiving) Sewer Size: 8 inch
System Wide Collection System Permit Number(s) (if applicable): WQCS_
Owner Name(s): ON WASA
FORM: FTA 04-16 Page I of 5
V1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. If the Applicant is a Privately -Owned Public Utility, has a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity been attached?
❑ Yes [-]No ®N/A
2. If the Applicant is a Developer of lots to be sold, has a Develoner's Operational Agreement (FORM: DEV) been attached?
❑ Yes ❑No ®N/A
3. If the Applicant is a Home/Property Owners' Association has an Operational Agreement (FORM• HOA) been attached?
❑ Yes ❑No ®N/A
4. Origin of wastewater: (check all that apply):
® Residential Owned ❑ Retail (stores, centers, malls) ❑ Car Wash
❑ Residential Leased ❑ Retail with food preparation/service ❑ Hotel and/or Motels
❑ School / preschool / day care ❑ Medical / dental / veterinary facilities ❑ Swimming Pool /Clubhouse
❑ Food and drink facilities ❑ Church
❑ Swimming Pool/Filter Backwash
❑ Businesses / offices / factories ❑ Nursing Home ❑ Other (Explain in Attachment)
5. Nature of wastewater: 100 % Domestic/Commercial 0 % Commercial
0 % Industrial (See 15A NCAC 02T O103(20))
9,Is there a Pretreatment Program in effect? ❑ Yes ❑ No
6. Hasa flow reduction been approved under 15A NCAC 02T 0114,(f)? []Yes ❑ No
➢ If yes, provide a copy of flow reduction approval letter
7. Summarize wastewater generated by project:
Establishment Type (see 02T.0114(t))
Daily Design Flow''"
No. of Units
Flow
Dwelling Unit
360 gal/Unit
130
46,800 GPD
gal/
GPD
gal/
GPD
gal/
GPD
gal/
GPD
gal/
GPD
Total
46,800 GPD
a See 15A NCAC 02T 0l 14(b) (d)(e)(t) and (s)(2) for caveats to wastewater design flow rates (i.e., minimum flow per
dwelling; proposed unknown non-residential development uses; public access facilities located near high public use
areas; and residential property located south or east of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway to be used as vacation rentals
as defined in G.S. 42A•4).
b Per 15A NCAC 02T .0114(c), design flow rates for establishments not identified [in table 15A NCAC C OZ 141141 shall
be determined using available flow data, water using fixtures, occupancy or operation patterns, and other measured data.
8. Wastewater generated by project: 46 800 GPD (per 15A NCAC 02T .0114)
➢ Do not include future flows or previously permitted allocations
If permitted flow is zero, indicate why:
❑ Pump Station or Gravity Sewer where flow will be permitted in subsequent permits that connect to this line
❑ Flow has already been allocated in Permit Number:
❑ Rehabilitation or replacement of existing sewer with no new flow expected
❑ Other (Explain):
FORM: FTA 04-16 Page 2 of 5
VII. GRAVITY SEWER DESIGN CRITERIA (If Applicable) - 02T .0305 & MDC (Gravity Sewers):
1. Summarize gravity sewer to be permitted:
Size (inches)
Length (feet)
Material
8"
600
D.I.
8"
1403
C-900
8"
1757
SDR 35
➢ Section II & III of the MDC for Permitting of Gravity Sewers contains information related to design criteria
➢ Section III contains information related to minimum slopes for gravity sewer(s)
➢ Oversizing lines to meet minimum slope requirement is not allowed and a violation of the MDC
VIII. PUMP STATION DESIGN CRITERIA (If Applicable) — 02T .0305 & MDC (Pump Stations/Force Mains):
COMPLETE FOR EACH PUMP STATION INCLUDED IN THIS PROJECT
1. Pump station number or name:
2. Approximate Coordinates (Decimal Degrees): Latitude: Longitude: -
3. Design flow of the pump station: _ millions gallons per day (firm capacity)
4. Operational point(s) of the pump(s): _ gallons per minute at _ feet total dynamic head (TDH)
5. Summarize the force main to be permitted (for this Pump Station):
Size (inches) Length (feet) Material
6. Power reliability in accordance with 15A NCAC 02T 0305(h)(1):
❑ Standby power source or pump with automatic activation and telemetry - 15A NCAC 02T .0305(h)(1)(B).'
➢ Required for all pump stations with an average daily flow greater than or equal to 15,000 gallons per day
➢ Must be permanent to facility
Or if the pump station has an average daily flow less than 15,000 gallons per day:
❑ Portable power source with manual activation, quick -connection receptacle and telemetry - 15A NCAC 02T
.0305(h)(1)(C)
or
❑ Portable pumping unit with plugged emergency pump connection and telemetry - 15A NCAC 02T .0305(h)(1)(C):
➢ It shall be demonstrated to the Division that the portable source is owned or contracted by the applicant (draft agreement)
and is compatible with the station.
➢ If the portable power source or pump is dedicated to multiple pump stations, an evaluation of all the pump stations,
storage capacities and the rotation schedule of the portable power source or pump, including travel timeframes, shall be
provided in the case of a multiple station power outage.
FORM: FTA 04-16 Page 3 of 5
IX. SETBACKS & SEPARATIONS — (02B .0200 & 15A NCAC 02T .0305(f)):
1. Does the project comply with all separations found in 15A NCAC 02T 0305(t) & (¢) ® Yes ❑ No
➢ 15A NCAC 02T.0305 contains minimum se arations that shall be rovided for sewer t
Setback Parameter*
s s ems.
Separation Required
Storm sewers and other utilities not listed below (vertical)
24 inches
Water mains (vertical -water over sewer including in benched trenches)
18 inches
Water mains (horizontal)
10 feet
Reclaimed water lines vertical - reclaimed over sewer
18 inches
Reclaimed water lines horizontal - reclaimed over sewer
2 feet
**Any private or public water supply source, including any wells, WS-I waters of Class I or
Class II impounded reservoirs used as a source of drinking water
100 feet
**Waters classified WS (except WS-I or WS-V), B, SA, ORW, HQW, or SB from normal
big water (or tide elevation) and wetlands (see item IX.2)
50 feet
**Any other stream, lake, impoundment, or ground water lowering and surface drainage
ditches
10 feet
Any building foundation
5 feet
Any basement
10 feet
Top slope of embankment or cuts of 2 feet or more vertical height
10 feet
Drainage systems and interceptor drains
5 feet
An swimming pools
10 feet
Final earth grade (vertical)
36 inches
➢ 15A NCAC 02T.0305(e) contains alternatives where separations in 02T.0305 cannot be achieved.
➢ **Stream classifications can be identified using the Division's NC Surface Water Classifications webt)aae
➢ If noncompliance with 02T.0305(f) or (2), see Section X of this application
2. Does the project comply with separation requirements for wetlands? (50 feet of separation) ® Yes ❑ No ❑ N/A
➢ See the Division's draft separation requirements for situations where separation cannot be meet
➢ No variance is required if the alternative design criteria specified is utilized in design and construction
➢ As built documents should reference the location of areas effected
3. Does the project comply with setbacks found in the river basin rules per I SA NCAC 02B 0200? ® Yes ❑ No ❑ N/A
➢ This would include Trout Buffered Streams per 15A NCAC 2B.0202
4. Does the project require coverage/authorization under a 404 Nationwide or ❑ Yes ® No
individual permits or 401 Water Quality Certifications?
➢ Information can be obtained from the 401 & Buffer Permitting Branch
5. Does project comply with 15A NCAC 02T.0105(c)& (additional permits/certifications)? ® Yes ❑ No
Per 15A NCAC 02T.0 1 05(c)(6), directly related environmental permits or certification applications are being prepared, have
been applied for, or have been obtained. Issuance of this permit is contingent on issuance of dependent permits (erosion and
sedimentation control plans, stormwater management plans, etc.).
6. Does this project include any sewer collection lines that are deemed "high -priority?"
Per 15A NCAC 02T.0402, "high -priority sewer" means "any aerial sewer, sewer contacting surface waters, siphon, or sewer
positioned parallel to streambanks that is subject to erosion that undermines or deteriorates the sewer.
[:]Yes ® No ❑ N/A
➢ If yes, include an attachment with details for each line, including type (aerial line, size, material, and location).
High priority lines shall be inspected by the permittee or its representative at least once every six -months and
inspections documented per 15A NCAC 02T.0403(a)(5) or the permitee's individual System -Wide Collection permit.
FORM: FTA 04-16 Page 4 of 5
X. CERTIFICATIONS:
1. Does the submitted system comply with 15A NCAC 02T, the Minimum Design Criteria for the Permigillit 4f.1'Jlllip Stations
and Force Mains Latest version] and the Gravity Sewer Minimum Design Criteria i latest version 1 as applicable?
® Yes ❑ No
If No, complete and submit the Variance/Alternative Design Request application (VADC 10-14) and supporting documents
for review. Approval of the request is required prior to submittal of the Fast Track Aonlication and supporting
documents.
2. Professional Engineer's Certification:
1 Timothy M. Stewart, P.E. attest that this application for
(Professional Engineer's name from Application Item III.1.)
has been reviewed by me and is accurate, complete and consistent with the information supplied in the plans, specifications,
engineering calculations, and all other supporting documentation to the best of my knowledge. I further attest that to the best
of my knowledge the proposed design has been prepared in accordance with the applicable regulations, Gravity Sewer
Minimum Design Criteria for Gravity Sewers (latest version), and the Minimum Design Criteria for the Fast -Track
Permitting of Pump Stations and Force Mains (latest version). Although other professionals may have developed certain
portions of this submittal package, inclusion of these materials under my signature and seal signifies that I have reviewed this
material and have judged it to be consistent with the proposed design.
NOTE — In accordance with General Statutes 143-215,6A and 143-215.6B, any person who knowingly makes any false
statement, representation, or certification in any application package shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor, which may
include a fine not to exceed $10,000, as well as civil penalties up to $25,000 per violation.
North Carolina Professional Engineer's seal, signature, and date: rru �C
4 SEAL = IO'l3 20
14575
3. Applicant's Certification per 15A NCAC 02T .0106(b):
I, David M. Mohr, P.E. Chief Operations Officer attest that this application for
(Signature Authority's name & title from Application Item I.3.)
has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that if all required parts of
this application are not completed and that if all required supporting documentation and attachments are not included, this
application package is subject to being returned as incomplete. I understand that any discharge of wastewater from this non -
discharge system to surface waters or the land will result in an immediate enforcement action that may include civil penalties,
injunctive relief, and/or criminal prosecution. I will make no claim against the Division of Water Resources should a
condition of this permit be violated. I also understand that if all required parts of this application package are not completed
and that if all required supporting information and attachments are not included, this application package will be returned to
me as incomplete.
NOTE — In accordance with General Statutes 143.215.6A and 143.215.6B, any person who knowingly makes any false
statement, representation, or certification in any application package shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor, which may
include a fine not to exceed $10,000 as well as civil penalties up to $25,000 per violation.
Signature: (`/`G✓/' i ( 4 Z_.../I 6— Date: DI / lZ/ZOZ�
FORM: FTA 04-16 Page 5 of 5
Prepared for The Colony at Towne Pointe
MONTHLY FLOW TOTALS
Towne Pointe
Piney Green PS
PS
Volumetric
19-Dec
P3
8,116,526
P2
20-Jan
P3
7,538,41C
P2
20-Feb
PS
8,302,592
P2
20-Mar
PS
10,197,125
P2
20-Apr
P1
9,302,409
P2
20-May
P3
10,851,992
P2
20-Jun
P1
11,590,443
P2
20-Jul
PI
10,247,82
P2
20-Aug
P1
10,130,115
P2
20-Sep
P3
10,619,25
P2
20-Oct
P1
10,563,171
P2
20-Nov
Pl
13,596,395
P2
Daily Avg 0.00 331,660.96
Daily Avg MGD 0.0868 0.3317
Allocation Obligated and Proposed 0.13716 0.27222
TOTAL FLOW CURRENT AND PROP. 0.2240 0.6039
TP PS MGD PG PS MGD
Design AVG Daily Flow 1.1520 2.3000
Less Current AVG Daily Flow *Alocated Flow 0.22396 0.60388
AVAILABLE CAPACITY 0.9280 1.6961
Obligated/Not Yet Tributary
MGD
#Lots•
Towne Pointe PS
Stones Landing Sec. 1
0.00072
2
Stones Landing II, Paradise Pt III
0.02124
59
Stones Landing III, Paradise Pt IV
0.04248
118
Everett Place
0.00252
7
Everett Place II
0.01872
52
Wantland's Ferry l
0.00072
2
Wantland's Ferry II
1 0.00396
11
Towne Pointe Obligated Total 0.09036
This Request The Colony at Towne Pointe 0.04680 130
Towne Pointe Total Obligated /Not Yet Tributary 0.13716
Piney Green PS
Obligated/Not Yet Tributary
MGD
#Lots-
Boyington Place - 3 bedroom
0.00504
14
Boyington Place - 2 bedroom
0.02880
80
Grants Creek Farms
0.08820
245
Hidden Oaks
0.00072
2
The Farm at Hunters Creek
0.00144
4
Marshall Farm Townhomes
0.00936
39
Stones Landing Sec.1
0.00072
2
Stones Landing II, Paradise Pt III
0.02124
59
Stones Landing III, Paradise Pt IV
0.04248
118
Everett Place
0.00252
7
Everett Place II
0.01872
52
Wantland's Ferry l
0,00072
2
Wantland's Ferry II
0.00396
11
Wolfe Properties
0.00150
Piney Green Obligated Total 0.22542
This Request IThe Colony at Towne Pointe I0.04680 130
Piney Green Total Obligated /Not Yet Tributary 0.27222
-# vacant lots
Towne Pt PS Volumetric Flow 9/17- Residential flow calculation based upon 3 bedroom homes % 120
11/31 gpd/bedroom
Total
6,508,285.9900
Avg Daily
86,777.1465
Avg Daily MGD
0,0868
State of North Carolina
Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Water Resources
Flow Tracking for Sewer Extension Applications
(FTSE 10-18)
Entity Requesting Allocation: ONWASA
Project Name for which flow is being requested: The Colony at Towne Pointe
More than one FTSE may be required far a single project if the owner of the WWTP is not responsible for all pump
stations along the route of the proposed wastewater flow.
I. Complete this section only if you are the owner of the wastewater treatment plant.
a. WWTP Facility Name: _
b. WWTP Facility Permit #:
All flows are in MGD
c. WWTP facility's permitted flow
d. Estimated obligated flow not yet tributary to the WWTP
e. WWTP facility's actual avg. flow
f. Total flow for this specific request
g. Total actual and obligated flows to the facility
h. Percent of permitted flow used
II. Complete this section for each pump station you are responsible for along the route of this proposed
wastewater flow.
List pump stations located between the project connection point and the WWTP:
(A)
Design
Pump
Pump
Average
Station
Station
Firm
Daily Flow**
(Name or
Permit
Capacity, *
(Firm I pf),
Number)
No.
MGD
MGD
Towne Pt
WQ35225
2.88
1.152
(B)
(C)
(D)=(B+C)
(E)=(A-D)
Obligated,
Approx.
Not Yet
Total Current
Current
Tributary
Flow Plus
Avg. Daily
Daily Flow,
Obligated
Available
Flow, MGD
MGD
Flow
Capacity***
0868
.1372
.2240
.928
Piney Gr WQ32377 5.76 2.3 .3317 .2722 .6039 1,696
* TIM Firm Capacity (design flow) of any pump station is defined as the maximum pumped -low
that can be achieved with the largest pump taken out of service.
** Design Average Daily Flow is the firm capacity of the pump station divided by a peaking factor
(pi) not less than 2.5, per Section 2.02(A)(4)(c) of the Minimum Design Criteria.
*** A Planning Assessment Addendum shall be attached for each pump station located
between the project connection point and the WWTP where the Available Capacity is <0.
Downstream Facility Name (Sewer): ONWASA
Downstream Permit Number: WQ0035256
Page 1 of 6
I� ISI I IS
III. Certification Statement:
I David M. Mohr, PE certify to the best of my knowledge that the addition of
the volume of wastewater to be permitted in this project has been evaluated along the route to the receiving
wastewater treatment facility and that the flow from this project is not anticipated to cause any capacity
related sanitary sewer overflows or overburden any downstream pump station en route to the receiving
treatment plant under normal circumstances, given the implementation of the planned improvements
identified in the planning assessment where applicable. This analysis has been performed in accordance
with local established policies and procedures using the best available data. This certification applies to
those items listed above in Sections I and II plus all attached planning assessment addendums for which I
am the responsible party. Signature of this form certifies that the receiving collection system or treatment
works has adequate capacity to transport and treat the proposed new wastewater.
Signing Official Signature
Title of Signing Official
CIA &O ///
0 oFESS/p'��i(i�i
2: 2 7 .7
a SEAL r ;
043996
GINE..•'R-
����q�/0 M.1M� t
Page 2 of 6
FTSE 10-18
State of North Carolina
Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Water Resources
Flow Tracking for Sewer Extension Applications
(FTSE 10-18)
Entity Requesting Allocation: ONWASA
Project Name for which flow is being requested: The Colony at Towne Pointe
More than one FTSE maybe required for a single project if the owner of the IVWTP is not responsible for all pump
stations along the route of the proposed wastewater flow.
I. Complete this section only if you are the owner of the wastewater treatment plant.
a. WWTP Facility Name: French Creek
b. WWTP Facility Permit #: NC 0063029
c. WWTP facility's permitted flow 15 All flows are in MGD
d. Estimated obligated flow not yet tributary to the WWTP 0.047
e. WWTP facility's actual avg. flow 5.000
f. Total flow for this specific request .0468
g. Total actual and obligated flows to the facility 5.093
h. Percent of permitted flow used 34.1
II. Complete this section for each pump station you are responsible for along the route of this proposed
wastewater flow.
List pump stations located between the project connection point and the WWTP:
Pump
Station
(Name or
Number)
Pump
Station
Permit
No.
(A)
Design
Average
Firm Daily Flow"
Capacity, • (Firm / pf),
MOD MOD
(B)
Approx.
Current
Avg. Daily
Flow, MOD
(C)
Obligated,
Not Yet
Tributary
Daily Flow,
MOD
(D)=(B+C) (E)=(A-D)
Total Current
Flow Plus
Obligated Available
Flow Capacity***
* The Firm Capacity (design flow) of any pump station is defined as the maximum pumped flow
that can be achieved with the largest pump taken out of service.
** Design Average Daily Flow is the firm capacity of the pump station divided by a peaking factor
(pf) not less than 2.5, per Section 2.02(A)(4)(c) of the Minimum Design Criteria.
*** A Planning Assessment Addendum shall be attached for each pump station located
between the project connection point and the WWTP where the Available Capacity is <0.
Downstream Facility Name (Sewer): ONWASA
Downstream Permit Number: WQ0035256
Page I of 6
FTSE 10-18
III. Certification Statement:
I a is Prey-sdeygpst certify to the best of my knowledge that the addition of
the volume of wastewaterTo be permitted in this project has been evaluated along the route to the receiving
wastewater treatment facility and that the flow from this project is not anticipated to cause any capacity
related sanitary sewer overflows or overburden any downstream pump station en route to the receiving
treatment plant under normal circumstances, given the implementation of the planned improvements
identified in the planning assessment where applicable. This analysis has been performed in accordance
with local established policies and procedures using the best available data. This certification applies to
those items listed above in Sections I and tI plus all attached planning assessment addendums for which I
am the responsible party. Signature of this form certifies that the receiving collection system or treatment
works has adequate capacity to transport and treat the proposed new wastewater.
t
Signing Official
Title of Signing
Date
Page 2 of 6
FCSE 10-I8
GoMaps
March 19, 2019 1:9,028
0 0.075 0.15 0.3 mi
0 0.1 0.2 0.4 km
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