NC0000272_Bioassay Explantion_19960514

06/14/96 14:34 %.ni 1546 6005 CF&L-FPDD/FOD lEilOpl/005
06/14/199S 11t00 I 116667 PAGE 92
I am enclosing a copy of a paper explaining in part the bioassay work we Intend to do
using sediments from Waterville Reservoir. This work Is the first of a continuing project
to determine If and when the Pigeon River has recovered sufficiently to,allow
rastwatten of freshwater mussels.
David McKinney
Foot lt-t,randtextransmitW moMo7671 NaPOI�'
m � FMm
�o. •L
DeptP�
rar P
Fax.

06/14/98 14:34 $919 $46 6005 CP&L-FPS➢/FOD 0002/005
06/14/1996 11:08 651 16667 PAGE 03
S C pR ewinnmtm Tmivotay.d eaam,ay,vd,15,Nn a pp:nadir,Talcs
a I99a SE'rnC
Pdatrd le sae RSA
tIJO•T74696 76pp�.0a
Environmental Toxicology
Shoe COMMUn CatiOn
COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF CEMODAPHNIA DUBIA AND R VMgnB ANODONTA
IMB-'CI.LLIS TO PULP AND PAPER MILL EF&UENTS DISCHARGED TO TIE
TENNESSEE RIVER AND ITS TRMUTARIES
Aulsmy D.Mclmtr et and))MALo C. WARrs$
d7eaacme Vrdd"k Reaowws ASMCY-P.0.BOX 40747.Nalhviile,7N 37104,USA
Ldftaae—valley AmhMW,Office Saxlea Annex 19,Musoda 5lm111.AL 35550.1010.USA
(Racxlaad 10 Jmaemy 1M 4cctpgd 31 May 1995)
Ahsba T e m4mm es of Ceriodaph da dub(a(4apMid)to■7-d dvonic daily-m n4 bioussy awl d dwW jevc1ikAav Ama,
tmkd➢lr(paper paadthall mumll in a 9d acme daHy4,xxuVl Wb y arc aomparad,V&l 6 Tor rrladve mat to soft
md
Marconcenssu(d, tNOECNaee4S0mpbswm geedamd rallawkedapeem®doaafeiaha observed ex ea xoIrsdao-oWerrahle�
eitftn[execaoaadmts 0i0EL7,Reads from par acing etdaenm Not sir pulp mid super products favihour et th, ,TraQee RI,Wlleg ledlead mu A.7wdredtGe jovenllaa are scbmudally mare s.mitim than C d bia to sltzDe:d emuents.It is DwIstrd du[
a javan9a nmteer bloaeeay saaW be:used to a Sam the tmdelty of efanenr teUasea b watan with ttathwata uatael egaatoH.
XaswenlT--Whola efaoent radrily J. cute sum b nla y pulp paper
BUROdMIZON eeFifd NET methodologies ate igadegegoe W avatmte tba m,
A major impact on Surf m wain of dm UUiled Stars is q-0m of mussels evossd to campbx whale amucom
the release of tre ed industrial and muWcilW ef8ue0ts,7be facto and Hungon (2.31 ptfbliSbal mexhaddo ea for the
U.S. Faviromtent7l Miamian Agency (13PA), in the 1991 trnnsfOtmmion of freabuner mmsset glochidu)Um juvevac
tcel>dcald9ppo[tdoeuman[for watergaatity4mced toxics con- lydtanch using complex➢quld growth made to a mod0ed in
tml 111, m88esm a Comprehensive approach ro establishing wltr0 cell wdWe ambnhgm and for Wainatntng juwniW in
ef0uen[ gtddellm under rbe Xationel Polludon I1is huge CottmC.wade ea al 141 repm the succcWtil davelopmeut and
Elimiaa5ah System(NFDES).This approach includes mal- ass afa9-darntel�lctty[est wit(r)n!(a[litltaaUjrmndatmod
Uatian of chemiml.5peeif[e stetdavU whole-effluent wxieiey )uvcm➢a(6-0-0)Anodaad imiiectif(r.Oewb 151 dta:mhea A.
➢nabdaaw based on bioassay results using standardized test unbeciand lakes:ftswin readily
la adaptable m mnall and large rives.Fonda,
merbodslagy,and instream biosmvey information to mdUate andI and eeldlec with poodshell m muddy favors
q�the impact of d0ueot ralcases un va(ous components of the y y bottom.Gordon
aquatic community in the receiving steam. and daymer 101 report&acA.bnbcdUb Coo fanaiw as lech-
Ai prerett chemic*4yogfe standards and both aces and yticdc(sbott-tum bumcder)with a rapid mccesloa of broods
chronic st ndaddizet( wholeroffluenr toxicity (VIM test pro- during wasan seaman,shifting W bradydetie(]mg-marm brced- '
cednses have been adapted by tlm EPA.Surrogate organisms er)behavior during Cool seasom.The advaniagm of ati6aing
such as PowpWas p70matas(fatbmd minnow)and Canada- A. tnebaNtfis as a tat sped iadude their nhdvdy aide
phaia dubta me Utilized is the VJBT ten to represent aquatic disnibudon and availability throughout the crn®I Mier gppt
community response*m mdustrihd rdeasm These tests,how- Rim drainage,&mr tokrec m of conspore and relocation to
aver may not aaasstdy xc&m she tenponse of some beathie a laboratory Setdtg.an extended period when adults an gravid
ire especially dater hmkn(Lree mtot"ll),to waft[001L "Y-Gctaher%and the smvessfol trandbimmion ofgWclddla
ono ➢crone the availability of EPA-approved to juveniles in culture media
biossyr mnhadoioglaa for resting xalimam mxieuy,including Faavlvus[exdvity testa eeU40=d by Idle M n CWW VXky
uses using Hymiella anacn(ampmped), Qdrowm &s;stnrmr Authmirt (IVA) FAI and Hndsoa m aL [B], wide juvexle
(midge),and Hexagamun I mbora(many),these lests haws net mnsscla exposed W selected tmawdnams,suggests a ndoli peat
been used ronwAy to tw4mame the response of henthic issues exposure duradan of S-9 d is required to cabbUsh am acmo
e tehmme to whole effluents.Pltrthemhbt.the comparative um• aadpaitlL Typieslly,rest eowemen4Una that posed zero iedle ty
Advity of staudmdmd EPA sed mmr ten organisms and froth- during ft lmitial4 d of exposure resulted In scltumms l drdt"
waxer mussels is largely udosuw¢The nationwide 4oc6x in during the subsequent 5 d of the tart McCant and Neves(10)
Reshcwta runs zd essotaas may (ndkam that 'malty as hm'e Beady demonstrated the udlhy of early M s4W tuned
biomay fur c-almtimt of the Wxldry of idoaeQ opts.
Kb wbma Rrn4pvml a mm,be addtcuxd The mm➢aldity of a 9-d acute bionaap•wide juvehfla A. ias-
macaaroi at or 15W Annual Medina,Soda y of Fnvlennm,vasb beanie alfmds the oppormaity W evallum The M.
kBY andeaaaaslry.Denvace7D.USA.oatobm30-xe ember spmm m juv®[eumxsek and G dubta in esposam to ealeemd
a,199a. bedunmial whoW aelttema Kelkr[l1]reported the emupmtive
514

LamPm spP MM srm a4("IP1'R a aP°dd 141'air°�a.�o10Pa41am°oP PabDl
-Mal m alTmlcmm 5=4maj Lr b s m -la3�AN,q+al'v at!°9a°L P1e-P-9 ff°P�lao aeac O.6 24,
laaalgaaoP 8apl�m• Yri Lao cI LO m9 OS.7IP'6 .°e°mmy'°RWimI�I`wq Va 111 d9 P =m'n 8urnu
0 glg•6�,s,.[.A..�fi�(n p ml OM R-96 9.P°PP�1 y' p?vxldq '� ' "d vg�c [ZT] Vd3 9pynm
wommm asm"a aqL pamvw Purim n=Pas� nap aql ma+l pm wusu an 7HhN P`L t Paa 40=j1
tp. ctnaa 'C"S pw Rip JO •S -Ta3 a o m alpgrslc-.Tlamm•Ls�9cOM Paa UDMMW
msw�m>taaa P-6 Sa!mp P"!^ms> ar,AmP°c -°nap PL'0 w�odpo AlImU9L -wag 64 P°PMo'd aadf
laD1 6g'(L apiRT1 a!4>4' oT sAall°peelena(q .aid rno np *BhA F 7e'm Lllnut°ms�+n umsag
•�yyn�ylgyam gaga sopr+dPQ171IS am jp aeni LPtD mw
z.,Xm ROCTP0Ls qua PamBP 7aaa9p 9;S'ZT paa'gSSZ'9605
SL'dOSs.B •�001 m cros0ds+ p;M-101 APMW12 mwgmQp mm ml
aea a0 'LZ7)Ydd aQ+lu smaPs °3 pamonci Flo 44Z UST
'a1I coal
•am<ggV'9=*VS=M l N 3 Swarm— mcDaT'1Pisxal•ZLaP P-L°at
9oiays8. yVj g0,ML �(lunoy VAL ago is pm=p°d -(3 OSM
30N aluom: g+
saw smism gwwquij mu0pour V00V(VAL PaT V40 nmo come 2q1 w qx) ns 9eM�P 41^eO7E alma +4as Paa Rnle
ev Pm ffla, a Pmu.ms sa =Salsa pNmpsa'on 9a01nn YN maaa dql SaaO p.Q.I qaa.ITDV aiLL'IIlXMa1*3"A aT
MM °U.4awpc2a area un�OD1��s Maamoll�W °iB Cs Orwd a=aaan smn.rjj 'uj v a tcae P06 x°of
-led la woum=o cap Pa°roo mine Vdd)slmm06w. wd m -qas 0 Pm =4 P-6 01"M me '*4"'I'm 22mu Itil WMA
mlda°L�=upp9wm�PaamInnP wo(0=0 s+atadP°a P0"4"Djw�Ra$ ,unno 2M bgpsoF,gqj ott°uP"-0001'
A. 4M°41 Sapnp Scapwu2am lac mol Pm RBf4 aF Inal wmna aac icp al°ac alagm p270=Www R (03O)S
-ODD P •dll01.1- PxH-FnRoal"Z WAR10 Dnl�ala a s ¢Ol�OYmR auras m.4,;ap an•ns0l a a9a DPaa
ilop 0'
as wd aldmrc %9A6b
+ wat,F uan
Poe um mp 1.Rpm_tam M=am aw•Hd p Srrna 1 Pl nn*q%OT ID IDV m camas tld3 VwKM�m3�
.jadamal•UISR=p+elama '(Z wwddd) -em zU f=alaaap Sp
Pta(T IGpOaddV)1°�°�d um cg71Pa4 Pys!�aro IL];RM& vdmm aqo mw1,•svmina alogm xaotpldm qll^*1b ase+[aT Pzp
paaau Paa 4°'Wmha 4 nallnaDl DI w=Tm3 m30N s sapf%.MnSa m}(gj1)o4as nm0c4a 01 aaam ae
M%WA m•00130 mealpge q0,m Pmg RWM.td'ncl8=MumP p am e4i spas�l(t)Vm°4L— qut 4�D
cram "m q 'Id PAPMS pua 4oR'4 an a P� __
a FE re��W ay n PWMf Pm'uo�0;as 'cu o 19 a�auw=xw4 vq m
s
•gaaaT.i .. R40e pa°°°amaPa?l�°c amsoa�arrm m°PmD 9mi �°�� 01R
mnD Pm abbul a m;OCT ao ramd awe d
,nsatP4l(1a°$paTf9A �'1s(e P�siasamu>toPe a°d m t'y'm almnal mnan P•6 au manPla]° PM
:of 11u+�a0j�P°nr4 o sun 1s71 mg0p a?aaoop P L aqo sa3 Wa!°Gas >Jal.
ucwaa mm saw�WP-Toad Wald%a mo9 pa0paq ST j;l�VP 7)VIC011 tasnpOF gaca aarsj paaavIIm waea aawic
IFS•aamAo>�a p1El°3a'Loci 9 Pam TI!c 001)PAS ascamata30 a elmmwzdwaaca9plo=UO9 Ap=mpmlddV
-0Idla)Vft O�T� -W��°ylaq _s4mMum apsald=?" al pm=n=u— t°ws°Pm'adcd
am�cgaasaaamaldal�*p P7asiumalanaaoaca Q.U-a°Pal!P Pus died alc ®a3 lmnl}3°(>emaaa l°a9 3a s>admas 4°10
mnap q=0;MKmu °Va O=nd=aalgl sale aa4+Pus STIOlj.1 Pa
maumv"al im•m 42e2 al slasmn alpmn6 v a:Rm ouu -bunm®a=M ba aq,30 un=daam oeaaws
'aPean'dIPP P0!><dard al asn30j 0opewa nP"a Wa!nulem ardw=qmd eb atem(mdde mac mm=ru m jam mqs wMal
Paa 8mital aT i nad pauailoa tau tea•°O InIIQ 72ialn=Ara m la3asnoa TaaP aSaoQoa7 DnPnadm07•SmaDml�aa paoaalas
s°ssOmm�L a.UP31 armuou Pam1 X'M oi35M �a,a P cos ca sopu a ld sv)amwd Pas"Map n'r1N,4'aj'173a asODdba
aW jc ca°aaOP.Pfm°CO>a>islaaffi0 sam 9a
•Lp ad moms wlmus IWWa
•raea 21P 3u gmam RIP=34 VXMSFaa'n SM.a OM
PUG�rum dp1d 1R4 P°Rmawrl L'TZ rSOZ T'"!8°aTSaQaaS ftm8yaad
JIM aces mu pmc wd Jura aacfaa4ai W°a'1
-ad Paen ipamm duaaJ TIP S'trd
cep
s aaaSre m ="mod .
-anpmd dtad U 49 sP 0'LI
tang mupwd+a&d 6a aeg r[ 1:685++ep1°asmmRL WM APKVIW
salad a�snw a"9 Pa-%-04 Anewds I'0 9'0 jwd¢oaald 0aoan$
iad
J s fup"PDe lm xOd MR 01 SZmRI QOa2°(! P*+1R
QmAmaT wap-a d®GVl .onm M XMW &TIM
2nLwpA
yllp°9W ancpar°llawAr paa a.^MY vpgdvpow. 44m
7al>➢i fialan aepafrdDma mj pica swa0p{o clad poa deal i6 mj aSDbol Pas aaap$ •1 alMl
fit 0661'n'11d'O 7aaPl'pO4"r3 amaaM IL--d01 pm dpld oa vM*ms*aPsaft ja°m°dsa11
L999�� �iC9 BB:TT g66t/bI/90
ba + 9009 96y tfld� SC:6T 96/4T/90

05/14/96 14:30 VPia 546 6005 CP&L-FPS➢/FOD IM004/005
E6/14/1996 11:flR fi)� t6667
$16 vurofrmr.7ariret.Chm IS.Is% A.D.Witcaaay esd D.C.waft
TsNe 2 Caopandve whole efgeemt maiciq bm.® of Impoundment and ehaandwtiob of swum end rival.am
[eriaidopinrla labia tad jdvtmilc Anodaaa lnrbtN!!h expomd on the
Vauban!scup_ God papeo emTewpanuer aGxu mR t�etr hsVaal�as d.hsthvphhg m dr lass of thea assemblagea[I r ue ens ore re-
.
far saaessfol teslwaer nusuleod
The rnuud hours remaioIng in the'ltrmasee River system
Mean eveap.M) is consldeeed to be one of the most diverse in Nate America
Asedasm [16).However of the approximately 80 specks in this cum-
Carladtpaata manity.30 aremnsidrrrd li"to go cxd=m ttxaet future.
NOW The prospective loss of nearly 40% of mollvswe diversity
96-11 7.4 Td 9-4 fours She Tennessee River system wMD the aaa decade IS
Industry LCha 'LC',, NOEL LCn (EPA')MVA9 rlesf evidence of the.ltudegmcy of effort Its.I. el this im-
>IW 7I90 14.S aloo to IdA Pasant compone p Of nor aquatic resource tmrdw.
.Shad The use of" eae metals a mot
t atgaolsm
Stm 70.7 2S 6.+ 10.7 �vgs to toxicity �
IGmbedY Clad, 71Y0 71og W IOU >I00W Irsthg is an Oxt7titg new approach in determining i itlrfml
110 v >100 >100 so M 93 15A lifestage rerpaare of freahrarer rmaads W complex whole.
mlend 9b 2.8 3.1 23 D.22 6'. effluents.Vats collected hoer such eau rimy provide jmmer
P-Icrpin 71W -,Ica25 31.0 d.9 6.n anderstwing of"Gases of me declito of l spccw
-HPA mat o&sure l.C..�10-NOEL'ACR w IC and support protection of remdalea mural fWmL
KVA or+b,,t to, S.Ca*6.NOHC'.A.Ot-6(Herd an 90d The EPA advonrec the use of susidardieed Nasally metb-
prawn,mpnm of juvmH%ams.ds expand to moat{ror). odologies for toxicity uric with wholedilutlRp,Ma-cvm tcsu
qemnent tonniaed no toxicity- that use pelagic or eplbemhte aspaisms may sets adegaately
sek th2ndspt4ds dud"theaaae rVmme pedfda Considered dd anismsesm toxicity elts criticalsiD detr�ea a duib t=less
g iry
far the two seat The other iWasay exhib- organisms.Results ci lase i Selected
co sp dabfa 010 e s coot
a(rprfrptiafe sitive Iftaa�A.1/e6ecll1laW seleured mmpl�+fink dDumu
iriag taros effects W both daphalds end M=91%$one .was hum Pulp and paper menarsesudaX arrd.emy be lhadegaare m
only slighdy streue toxic to mmsds than daplmids(Table 2). asurrog■teferdhe fieahwrsrmaaaal csmpoeimi odthe bambic
Fvooflbe sin urdasausexhibbad chronic CM)impairments eommnnity.in tbs aiocace of comparative490o whale efEuaat
W dapbnkb, based on sublethal(repr0doaidb).effem Acute toxicity limitations ere 1(PDRS permits raw be pron-ive of
ohr®io radon for These fihdrstries hanged fran 2.0(Rowsm"W aquatic organisms whose wtmante is in me C eidda elepak
SD(btaad).Gunk msfutf art and=t a den W chronic M= 'NOEL range while sitmdQuad usly'farlkg W promet.doae.
,-goes using an ACR of cithar tO(EPA)of 6(rVA)Iewtleed sunset musseiresaurces"
in etrtm:ees,het ludlcused mussels croon mom sensitive OEM Semldvity of faethwapr tm swb alma sbculd be compared
dsQhelds W dice seteemd efRucuts it ew+y xate bra me(4bbla to dyer beothie species,nomrlY H.acoca(■nphipod)and G
3) Tn 11fL men esteeption[Mead).dtppnids were®m sensitive trntm.s(rujifto remedy included as standard whOle-MIX112eat
msnroihasalaw alvAs,pCRv»sappiirdmtbemusselacute snot eegenlums.in she natsooel oontamioated Sediment=a'
dara.77u astimsvmdchsouic toxicity ofldsnd's effluent to less- nerecat strategy[I7-191•ThOSIM CGOW16112 mmsld be used
stale was applmrUamely an order of mrgoimde purser than she to Meatus then Maodard UM me pwwcdve of facshwaur men-
re.Sumdrheame wxlciyt to daphnldL Kimberly Cla k%dit self where they scuc
an did cat exhibit Micky W eihher ter[speck. The Takdva eeusiririp of juveniles fmm dditfnat sperids
DASGOSStON of freshwater mrssels m specific emsmdma ua err t:vmplex
mbolsef ,tents is visw➢yuNaown.Madmen lodwiDtr mqy
The U.S.Fish end Wildit Sweka¢puss dM fbe North be moss Internet of elevated mmP=bnu,kw dErnived Ox-
A w-- assemblage of aadve 5ednvma mulch once us' ygeb, silutmn,and extruded periods of no now+bast relay
eluded apptm flodcl l 3W specks of which IS are Dow e2Wd= species of ttenha'are mas>als.The ability of A.intheci lit W
,eon addidatal 66 Species face orADcdon within the nett dMe2de al mioc pands successfully in aged la=' sraNga may in- _
1141• Apsma 804 Ald`MMWA [Ill "TW she daaPPtamnce of meson a mlhrauhr for sdeued oagwia ooaahmtuentL *Ue
mosselsby jimusat arcmd1ufrcoSystmrmy EW fiUmenteboe. then faemrs imply mat other marl spemes my be mom
Faces oombjhutmg W laces Of mussels may.Include p011rmon sensitive dandleabecu"the harttC adegnaterea ptofooata
isompolat and mffi-pma(EamC[$1SatNNldesapedna 111 dlefOlm for tuber Spem especially these Pmkft ft"Piall Water
hablan.precludes their Yoe in TWddW tests.
Table 3. Vafaea by which juvenile Aeodwrm behMMG art mere
saRbldve then Cs.todaphNa labia m whole effluent twiri4 as eam race Includes
elnJ wwSmwo Mesh,", Aakaowred8eiurnr-7lin lrojra is+ewp.usly+
flwTimxsxtDtpatmeuaf6asimnmtarand Oaw�MtmOsiusc¢
EPA TVA? of WeMe palktian Coemol CedodaP Duties WAS awdnere by
BW&lac of Nod rille,'*^mane-!anal puny,edOKWmed muse
Mearl 13 0.8 levee boo jamb too pleyad a myar.rok in ma table
sdoom 3.9 29
Manta-ly Cl■tt 1 -•' arvERgriCYs
Hawaut I51 e6 I. US.F-avWnmtabt lraeaWa Altvnef.(993.Tede"rap
Ialwrd fi 4 1.9 pact domes a for wrter gtiligkared mails anuoL EPA still
2-aMOut.Ofam or W.o-s Wasldogmn.DC
-EPA ms[bod:'cart W.*t0-NOM ACR- 10. 2,hon6 R.G.and R.G.Radso&JIM pied +mvm1
TvA medhort uz W,,*e,v NOEIy ACR w 6 oxised on 904 alnrAda ie an ad'dwiel lrstbat tulllcinEmrp]u ligrdd ptvath m6'
gewsh raspnen javao(te■rdseds esPord m msngrnva). dice.US.Pane 4.44%4M h&14 01601.vim.DC. ..
'Emuent eamltaW Sur mxielq. 3. Hodson.R.G.and DAL L®,1934. Resting j"111i of fro

06/14/90 14:36 %2919 546 6005 CP&L-FPB➢/FOD Z005/005
05/14/1996 11:a6 bl.' ,Ubbr `
RaWowo of aquatic mm•n�•isms po,Fip awl PMw will af0o Fi *v T®ml_Otmt 11 wo SA
Raba mussel Cuntonwae)(,a labotawy unit-V-,dlat APPENDIX A
9329-135. Smaotit'of cau Ramael-Aitiaw for oona®[atatm7 d4
4. WWr,D.CAR.G.UadwnaadAM.bleMO e,9.1989.Theam using ia.edle fie&o mm..k Wudmmo-nddcGd l71.
Of Ja+aibe fwah w taquab as a bbowwry tou'Pad"far
n alua6ag ae' ---�•eamdg.Abwam 10th Amin Mau- Tat spades AWdv#Al tw84eAfir 0}sa6awa MUSA
Soc"of Fmiroemsnt d Toalwlogy and Chamituy.To• Ua wdso)
m,u,Oauno,Cmad,October 2"mcmber 2. Tast type sulir,daily aaoe.rd
I O,sos.",19M.M a4upt Ndadea:A poide to the aldaids of 24 t 1'C
Km=,i.bil"arm Dgiumnn of Co wvafiao.laffrrwa City. pmm�iod Dak
MO.USA V..34-36. Tott eb Mbw vol- 290 ml
4 GwdaaM.L��Lknd�a .wvkw ldteeries xa s eco-
1,0,4 mlaWwhips.U.S.Ftah$RldL Sm.Blal.Rep.89:G•7. Renewal of re,t t41u- Ori1y
- 7. Wade,D.C.19MSm�xC Oaddly C abvdm of Whn1w�' Age ofwer ntpw- 6rt0 d old
avast s A m=am jm aids:L'ashwoc,dNOaW too- hiss
- bewyis SAY)wvpaad m wrfim.,x b,,dti l vines NWR/AB- Nombrf muawds PC 15
90r13. Valley Aatb:iry.Match Shoos,AL.USA.
1.0iwo pa
S.wadq A.C. IM neAnidve craluaim'of Wlmdar Rraavaie coo- 3
.ndir.c,t teaic,ly gsnt]uvanile hoshwswf cou"s(Adodonft ccatwsm
bnhctatu,SAY).TvArwRmrz.Ton-asse va6ay AutRwhry. Ffadmgmam• ;iadl8raleas MIS"
Musek Shoals,Al.USA. Maomed w d+Wtiab wanr.Also elna NU
9.Aud"M ILG,AG Wade aid A.D.M9MlMjy. 1994.Com- (8bnd d=,&100.pm ram*m fiwTo-
P'mdw vMPMsc of_mlamd noo-W8d a9�wpuiFM w taxis daily dxczvgdmo)
cotomawid mollawicxdc.Abtaerr,, t3th Aava.l Mcdus.So- Nacre
eieW of Envkmmmmt Toldmlaw sad L3woiauy.ocaveL CO. Aau ins
USA.October 2o-Now w 3. D&don tv.wr 51M bag-0lnaed sduvin6 t�
1(L McCann.M.7:and U.J.Navin. 1992,Rhxidty of coil 241.s4 Tau duraCan 9 d
cmt.mimauwwlyMay8gaflttd a rsmaablstltePe- Efectmemmed Stress-hopahadwov da+Cmwrdhp-sb-
an xiv*vlr�Iaia.U.S F1,h Wi(dL San.rmd Rep. stage of ciliary acfim of�sbdi
11.$.g.r,w.13.1993.Active ewucim of anvml pesdddes.Mg-sic
campwodl sad a wauws effiaent w tfm f eshwater mvtceh
err AotL�Slxw�.Q� axk*L SSLOOda P�
12. Reh.dafm,4 u'- sad ILQ Wilde 199a Eff"fiem sub-
I.90-do uhpawaa of is vtao tt>osfOmeedplvmtle fridM
vnlc Mumau(iumdwsw hnbcduif w MAUSMGa, Ahn u
lid,Amual MUOnQ.Sm"of llmaolcM.ad prmisay.AF
Fa VAUSA.Mc xutb 11-15,p.1 .
13. O£m H
1989.Shwueam mahoda
6s eA.Mg the thud WI..dy afef *M%and lesarviaE aetaf
m fxsh4aw amanlax fl Cladac'wao,Gm'iodo➢401 dl h IDavlv.l
aod,epsadttwim SML tdafad 1002A.EPA160W4891ML FAvhvn- .
d%azW Mar&udnee Sy����LdAMMy,CmrbmiC OIL 0" APPENDIX B
14.Sbowaat.C A-G.DlB@v Md R.B. tin.1993.Ftoshsaow Toa drj edpd ts:cn c Wad w evalaam 511MWd Mffkg lw
muu.4itt Prig"perppeerimofmoUS.Fab.adWildli(eSwvie0. it.4- ed dad is aiflex M
p o[r.dbtSe,ljpp<r1N'twiaHppi Zav Conservation Cammium
CcmetWAdu adder""-'.t emem of Fitsoaaw,Muswls.SL LWiR
MO.USA.Owabw 13-14.1997,pppp..66-68. ABtl vwdw Year proaada lain shag ad0ffiI■ti'aam of
1d.Adam, bt.WZ.and]. AidRmw.1s ucvatuing the ats as of w ftV m the bvsmta of[Le tssh:has 3-
yow tww5 m,U,=6me Tha wise far.systambe aFFtwb. calm dnh bowas awd"616"sbal into w
) W"a"SL Ugpt touse sippl 11i�comwy.dm Caaminm op 4kt root,,:.,-1 slr6M alaoe daY
tamwvado4 and 1LmaPen><as of FimhNiwr Munch.Se UrdL b 0 O°O°`ou fOw'
MQ USA Ocmba 12-14.1999..USA.PP.W'4L Afivefatleued Shall mmab*afos d ar gaps aptif v itb Soot
16, hlutem.L-IL and AM Dope.1988.7ba moerlc 9408uua: um,&H,ml pwo"4M oloa atbwraEoa
Biv,bic Umoddae)Df 7tanea,er.Am.MptoroL Bed 6.14-3L totvals OW SU&foot modoa:-bay osalow
17. Q&rmvirvn 'd Frotbef'M.UMCF. 1994.Cvota mi d abvkuL
5.dlmm,Mm,,gaa st Smtea.EPA 823-RS4-001.O[5ae as Dad ��
warts Waddtwd,f1c. t-alm this '
1& US.ILav toomestd Froibet104 A%$W- 1994 Pxaluadoo of Main[of clam amveon0.�Daati,s
d.dBod toatW4 m+d
0 far d'b bwp in vamrs Of the U.S. rbla en in XNC6 awfw.aE wawud
-106"o Maaasl(tdaeos fnWA T d8 Ma vaL IPA-823-A-94- amines),=& b maaa
lly
19. U, &lvsamaattwl m Age=- 19M Matlioda fin �apiaw by tswcaox ats sifts do chew.
` Otis"iaiw cad bkwxcumdutm of erelatam+Maud- ,featpty shags,
s M.006m ofRa h wd DavrloP o �lwb.MN- ,