20061152 Ver 1_Year 3 Monitoring Report_20100326

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Year 3 Monitoring Report for Stream Restoration of
Silver Creek and Unnamed Tributaries
Burke County, NC
SCO # D05016 -01
Prepared for:
NCDENR — EEP
2728 Capital Blvd, Suite 1 H 103
Raleigh NC 27604
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PROGPI"M
Submitted: March 2010
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Prepared by:
Wetlands Resource Center
3970 Bowen Road
Canal Winchester, Ohio 43110
Project Manager: Cal Miller
P: (614) 864 -7511
F: (614) 866 -3691
And
EMH &T, Inc.
5500 New Albany Road
Columbus, Ohio 43054
Project Manager: Miles F. Hebert, PE
P: (614) 775 -4205
F: (614) 775 -4802
Main: (614) 775 -4500
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc.
Engineers, Surveyors, Planners, Scientists
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Table of Contents
I. Executive Summary .................................................................................... ..............................1
H. Project Background .................................................................................... ..............................3
A. Location and Setting
B. Project Structure, Mitigation Type, Approach and Objectives
C. Project History and Background
D. Monitoring Plan View
III. Project Condition and Monitoring Results .........................
A. Vegetation Assessment
1. S
Soil Data
2. V
Vegetative Problem Areas
____3.__ V
Vegetative P_roblem.Areas_Plan_V_iew_ ____
................ .............................16
IV. Methodology ................................................................................................ .............................30
List of Tables
Table I. Project Structure Table
Table II. Project Mitigation Objectives Table
Table III. Project Activity and Reporting History
Table IV. Project Contact Table
Table V. Project Background Table
Table VI. Preliminary Soil Data
Table VII. Vegetative Problem Areas
Table VIII. Stem Counts for Each Species Arranged by Plot
Table IX. Verification of Bankfull Events
Table X. Stream Problem Areas
Table XI. Categorical Stream Feature Visual Stability Assessment
Table XII. Baseline Geomorphic and Hydraulic Summary
Table XIII. Morphology and Hydraulic Monitoring Summary
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page i
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page i

List of Appendices
Appendix A Vegetation Raw Data
1. Vegetation Problem Area Photos
2. Vegetation Problem Area Plan View
3. Vegetation Monitoring Plot Photos
4. Vegetation Data Tables
Appendix
B Geomorphologic Raw Data
1.
Stream Problem Areas Plan View
2.
Stream Problem Area Photos
3.
Fixed Station Photos
4.
Table B1. Qualitative Visual Stability Assessment
5.
Cross Section Plots
6.
Longitudinal Plots
7.
Pebble Count Plots
8.
Bankfull Event Photos
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page ii

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Silver Creek stream restoration project is located near Morganton in Burke County, North
Carolina. Prior to restoration, channelization and cattle intrusion resulted in vegetative denuding
and bank destabilization due to hoof shear. The vertical to undercut unstable streambanks were
contributing large volumes of suspended sediment and bedload material to the larger Silver Creek
watershed. The project reach includes the restoration of 2,905 linear feet of the Silver Creek
mainstem and 1,552 linear feet of an unnamed tributary (UTA); also included is 166 linear feet of
preservation along UTB, UTC and UTD. Restoration of the project streams, completed during
April 2007, re- established geomorphologic features consistent with natural stream channel
characteristics. Elements of the restoration included stable channel pattern, profile and dimension
consistent with reference reach conditions quantified within the Silver Creek watershed, upstream
from the project on Brindle Creek. In- stream structures were constructed to provide grade control,
streambank stabilization and aquatic habitat features. Restoration reconnected project stream
channels to functional floodplains with extensive riparian plantings The following report
documents the Year 3 Annual Monitoring for this project.
Vegetative monitoring was completed in September 2009 following the Carolina Vegetation
Survey methodology. Stem counts completed at ten (10) vegetation plots show an average density
of 328 stems per acre for the site. This density meets the success criteria of 320 stems /acre after
three years of monitoring. Four individual plots had stem densities below the minimum, with the
largest deficit occurring along UTA, where recent has cattle intrusion caused woody damage and
mortality. In addition to the planted woody species, a substantial number of recruit stems have
been found in all plots. The recruit stems result in nearly a 75% increase in the total stem density
across the site, and bring nearly all plots into compliance with the Year 3 minimum criteria.
Monitoring of the streams identified a few problem areas along the project reaches. A few
vegetative problem areas of low concern were noted in the project area, included scattered
populations of problematic species and sparse vegetative cover. The problematic species will be
proactively managed by herbicide treatment. Minor areas of aggradation were noted on the
mainstem; these areas are considered low concern at this time. A few minor areas of bank scour
were noted on UTA, including a few small areas of minor streambank erosion. Any of these areas
deemed to require maintenance to improve stability will be stabilized using vegetative means.
The most substantial problem occurred along UTA due to accidental cattle access into both the
channel and riparian corridor. The cattle access occurred as a result of a fallen tree limb knocking
over a section of the constructed fence row. The cattle intrusion resulted in damage to planted
and native woody species and trampling of the herbaceous understory. These areas were reseeded
in the fall of 2009. Tree and shrub species appropriate for partial shade conditions will be planted
to replace those woody species damaged by the cattle. The disturbance to the stream channel was
limited to a reach approximately 400 feet long. Minor repairs to the bed and bank of the channel
were already made to address the disturbance.
The visual stream stability assessment revealed that the majority of stream features are
functioning as designed and built on the Silver Creek mainstem. A number of features along UTA
were not found to be performing as intended during the visual assessment. The majority of these
features were associated with the cattle intrusion. There was also a noticeable decrease in the
number and depth of pools along UTA due to aggradation of fine sediment. It is expected that
these shallow pools will cyclically flush and aggrade during corresponding wet and dry seasons.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 1

Dimensional measurements of the monumented cross - sections remain stable when compared to
as -built conditions. The comparison of the yearly long -term stream monitoring profile data show
stability with minimal changes from as -built conditions. The substrate of the constructed riffles
remains stable, although there has been a shift to particle distributions with a smaller median
particle size. Based on the crest gage network installed on the project reaches, one bankfull event
has occurred since construction was completed.
In addition to the monitoring protocol required by EEP, additional monitoring of tributaries L?TB
and LJTC has been required by the NC DWQ under the Section 401 permit issued for the project
on May 25, 2007. Vegetation monitoring found that the average stem density for the combined
tributaries exceeds the minimum criteria of 320 stems per acre. Stream monitoring found no
stability problems along these tributaries.
The following tables summarize the geomorphological changes along the restoration reaches for
each stream. The values in the tables are the median values for each parameter.
Silver Creek Mainstem
Parameter
Pre - Restoration
As -built
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Length
3,040 ft
2,905 ft
2,905 ft
2,905 ft
2,905 ft
Bankfull Width
60.9 ft
58.0 ft
57.5 ft
63.9 ft
55.0 ft
Bankfull Mean
4.0 ft
1.6 ft
1.6 ft
1.4 ft
1.6 ft
Depth
Bankfull Max
7.0 ft
3.3 ft
3.2 ft
3.4 ft
3.7 ft
Depth
Width/Depth
25.8
38.8
36.2
45.3
34.8
Ratio
Entrenchment
1.3
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
Ratio
Bank Height Ratio
4.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Sinuosity
1.46
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
Unnamed Tributary A
Parameter
Pre - Restoration
As -built
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Length
1,508 ft
1,552 ft
1,552 ft
1,552 ft
1,552 ft
Bankfull Width
13.7 ft
7.5 ft
7.1 ft
6.9 ft
8.5 ft
Bankfull Mean
0.3 ft
0.5 ft
0.5 ft
0.5 ft
0.6 ft
Depth
Bankfull Max
0.9 ft
0.9 ft
0.8 ft
1.0 ft
1.0 ft
Depth
Width/Depth
52.8
15.9
14.0
14.7
14.6
Ratio
Entrenchment
0.9
1.9
1.7
2.1
1.6
Ratio
Bank Height Ratio
1.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Sinuosity
1.06
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report - Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 2

II. PROJECT BACKGROUND
A. Location and Setting
The project is located approximately 3,000 feet east of Dysartsville Road and approximately
2,500 feet south of Patton Road, west of the City of Morganton, in Burke County, North Carolina,
as shown on Figure 1. The stream channels included in this project are the Silver Creek mainstem
and four unnamed tributary streams designated UTA, UTB, UTC and UTD.
The directions to the project site are as follows:
From I -40, exit at Exit 94 and travel south along Dysartsville Road and turn left (east)
onto Seven Springs Lane. The project spans properties owned separately by Mr. and Mrs.
Frank Queen and Mr. (deceased) and Mrs. Richard Conway (Seven Springs Farms, Inc.).
B. Project Structure, Mitigation Type, Approach and Objectives
The primary, pre- existing land use within the immediate project site was agricultural. Based on
photographic interpretation, the site had been historically utilized for agricultural row crop
production and hayland. It is likely the project site had been farmed since early colonial times.
The site was degraded by past land management practices including mechanical land clearing,
straightening and dredging the stream channels. Silver Creek was one of the first streams in North
Carolina to be mined for precious metals and gem stones. The project site was most recently
utilized to produce hay for livestock feed. The pre- existing riparian corridor along Silver Creek,
including UTB, UTC and UTD, varied from wide to denuded within the project area. The wide
portion consisted of a mature forested corridor, while narrow and denuded areas were the result of
a recent pine beetle infestation. Active pasture is located to the east and west of UTA. A wooded
corridor is present along the UTA reach and has been maintained. Typical species observed along
the streams and adjacent forested areas include Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Platanus occidentalis
(sycamore) and Ilex opaca (American holly).
Prior to restoration, agricultural land use and channel incision had altered the Silver Creek
mainstem throughout the project reach, resulting in an unstable Rosgen F4 stream type. The
incised nature of the channel was attributed to channelization and cattle intrusion, which resulted
in vegetative denuding and bank destabilization due to hoof shear. The Silver Creek channel's
unstable width to depth ratio, entrenchment ratio, relatively flat average profile slope and poorly
defined active streambed resulted in a deeply incised channel disconnected from its floodplain.
Mid - channel, lateral, and transverse sand and gravel bar deposits were observed at locations
throughout the reach, demonstrating the stream lacked stable pattern, profile and dimension to
entrain its bedload. The locations of these depositional features in the near bank region deflected
flows from the center of the channel toward the incised vertical to undercut streambanks,
accelerating streambank erosion. It is estimated that approximately 5,570 cubic yards per year (or
6,980 tons per year) of sediment was being eroded from the unstable streambanks along the
impaired mainstem reach into the Silver Creek watershed prior to restoration.
The UTA channel was a classic Type I valley confined, Al -A2 stream type transitioning to a Type
H colluvial valley, B4 stream type in the lower third of the impaired reach. The upper two - thirds
of the reach exhibited some bedrock control, in- stream boulders together with flood placed woody
debris from leaning or fallen trees along the unstable, steep to undercut streambanks. The
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of S
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 3

BURKE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
SILVER CREEK RESTORATION jrd;j
FIGURE 1: SITE VICINITY MAP
N.C. ECOSYSTEM ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
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Engineers • Surveyors • Planners • Scientists E ao n ement
Date: December, 2008 Not To Scale PROGRAM
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N.C. ECOSYSTEM ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
W s� Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton &Tilton, Inc. stem
Engineers • Surveyors • Planners • Scientists E ao n ement
Date: December, 2008 Not To Scale PROGRAM

impaired riparian vegetative communities were exacerbating streambank erosion rates and down -
slope movement of colluvium. Cattle intrusion had adversely impacted the entire tributary as
evidenced by vegetative denuding and bank failure attributed to hoof shear. Agricultural land use
(pastureland) adjacent to the stream corridor and uncontrolled cattle access to the stream for
watering and shade resulted in unstable, steep to undercut streambanks, and accelerated severe to
extreme streambank erosion. The unstable streambanks were contributing large volumes of
suspended sediment and bedload material to the larger Silver Creek watershed. It was estimated
290 cubic yards per year (or 375 tons per year) of sediment was being eroded from the unstable
streambanks along UTA prior to restoration.
The mitigation goals and objectives for the project streams were met by restoring physical and
biological functions of the project reaches beyond pre - existing conditions. Pre - restoration
conditions consisted of impaired, channelized, eroding and entrenched stream channels. The
project restoration goal was to restore channel dimension, pattern, and profile to stable and self -
maintaining conditions utilizing natural channel design methods and techniques. The mitigation
goals and objectives were met by providing the attributes described below.
• Stable stream channels with features inherent of a diverse aquatic and riparian ecosystem.
• Integrated a Priority Level H restoration approach by creating a floodprone area connected
to the bankfull elevation, or by raising the streambed elevations, reconnecting the bankfull
elevation to the existing floodplain elevation.
• Improved and created bedform and physical aquatic habitat features (riffles, runs, pools
and glides).
• Minimization of existing land use impacts on the stream.
• Long -term protection of the stream corridors via a perpetual conservation easement
conveyed to the State of North Carolina.
Restoration of the project streams re- established geomorphologic features consistent with
reference reach conditions. Results achieved are listed below.
• Bankfull channels constructed with the appropriate geometries to convey bankfull flows
and transport suspended sediment and bedload materials available to the streams.
• Stable channel pattern, profile and dimension consistent with natural streams in the
region.
• Grade control and bank stabilization in- stream structures, such as cross vanes, J -hook
vanes, rock vanes, dual- winged jetties, constructed riffles, step pools, root wad
revetment, rock -toe channel protection or native revetment, that enhance environmental
attributes of the stream channels while creating stable and functional aquatic habitat.
• Reconnection of project stream channels to functional floodplains.
• Extensive indigenous riparian plantings and exotic vegetation control that establishes a
native forested plan community within the newly constructed and protected stream
corridor.
Restoration of the streams has met the objective of the project along both the Silver Creek
mainstem and UTA, providing the desired habitat and stability features required to improve and
enhance the ecologic health of the streams for the long -term. Specifically, the completed
restoration project has accomplished the following items, considering both the pre- existing
impaired condition and the channel conditions as verified as part of the Year 3 monitoring.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 5

Silver Creek Mainstem:
• Reversed the effects of channel incision and entrenchment using a Priority Level H
restoration approach. The restoration has increased the width/depth ratio from 5.36
(most impaired reach) to 34.82 (median value) after construction completion and
three years of monitoring.
• Restored natural stream pattern, profile and dimension throughout the 2,959 l.f.
mainstem reach, decreasing channel sinuosity from 1.46 to 1.40, while creating a
stable relationship between valley, channel, water surface and bankfull slopes.
• Stabilized eroding streambanks by providing an appropriately sized channel with
stable streambank slopes using a combination of embedded stone, natural fabrics and
aggressive native streamside and riparian revetment. The average Bank Height Ratio
has been decreased from 3.98 (deeply incised) to 1.00 (stable) in Year 3.
• Provided a re- connection between the restored stream bankfull elevation and
floodprone area (Priority Level II restoration). The completed restoration changed
the average entrenchment ratio from 1.3 to 1.9, and restored the pre- existing
unstable, incised and entrenched F4 stream channel to a stable B4c stream type
(Rosgen, 1994).
• Created instream aquatic habitat features including deep pools, rootwad streamside
fish cover and streambank stabilization, constructed riffles, rock cross vanes, J -Hook
rock vanes, log vane — J -Hook — root wad combination structures with deep pools
and native streamside revetment to enhance outer meander bend stability, shade the
pools, provide fish cover and lower water temperature.
• Revegetated the streambanks and riparian corridor with indigenous canopy and mid -
story trees, shrubs and herbaceous ground cover.
• Preserved the riparian corridor within a fenced, perpetual conservation easement
conveyed to the State of North Carolina.
Unnamed Tributary A (UTA):
• Reversed the effects of channelization utilizing Priority Level H natural channel
design restoration techniques. The average width/depth ratio of the restored stream
channel has been adjusted to a stable median value of 14.6.
• Restored natural stream pattern, profile and dimension throughout the 1,552 l.f.
stream reach providing a more stable relationship between the Rosgen Type H Valley
(Rosgen, 1994) slope and bankfull channel slopes.
• Stabilized vertical to undercut, eroding streambanks by constructing an appropriately
sized channel with stable streambank slopes. The average Bank Height Ratio was
decreased from 1.91 (deeply incised) to 1.00 (stable).
• Raised the streambed elevation by constructing appropriately spaced step -pools and
riffle sequences, decreasing near -bank shear stress from 1.68 to 1.30 lb /sq ft.
• Restoration increased the average entrenchment ratio from 0.91 to 1.59, restoring the
unstable, incised and entrenched A4 stream type to a stable B4a stream type
(Rosgen, 1994).
• Created instream aquatic habitat features including step- pools, log sills, streambank
slope stabilization, constructed riffles, rock sills and rock toe channel protection.
• Revegetated stabilized streambanks and the riparian corridor with indigenous
canopy, mid -story, shrubs and herbaceous plant species, where deficient.
• Preserved the riparian corridor within a fenced, perpetual conservation easement
conveyed to the State of North Carolina.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 6

Information on the project structure and objectives is included in Tables I and II.
Table I. Project Structure Table
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -01
Project Segment/Reach ID
Linear Footage or Acreage
Silver Creek Mainstem
2,905 ft
Unnamed Tributary A (UTA)
1,552 ft
Unnamed Tributary B (UTB)
66 ft
Unnamed Tributary C (UTC)
48 ft
Unnamed Tributary D (UTD)
52 ft
TOTAL
4,623 ft
Table II. Project Mitigation Objectives
Table
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP
Project No. D05016 -01
Project
Linear
Segment/
Mitigation
Footage or
Mitigation
Mitigation
Reach ID
Type
Acreage
Ratio
Units
Comment
Silver Creek
Priority 2
905 ft
10
2905 ft
Restore dimension,
Mainstem
on
Restoration
,.,
pattern, and profile
U,TA
Priority 2
1,552 ft
1.0
1,552 ft
Restore dimension,
Restoration
pattern, and profile
Preserved within the
UTB
Preservation
66 ft
5.0
13 ft
conservation easement
Preserved within the
UTC
Preservation
48 ft
5.0
loft
conservation easement
Preserved within the
UTD
Preservation
52 ft
5.0
loft
conservation easement
TOTAL
4,623 ft
4,490 ft
C. Project History and Background
Project activity and reporting history are provided in Table III. The project contact information is
provided in Table W. The project background history is provided in Table V.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of S
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 7

Table III. Project Activity and Reporting History
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -01
Activity or Report
Scheduled
Completion
Data Collection Complete
Actual
Completion
or Delivery
Restoration plan
Aug 2005
Feb 2006
May 2006
Final Design - 90W
--
--
--
Construction
Feb 2006
N/A
A r 2007
Temporary S &E applied to
entire project areaz
Feb 2006
N/A
A r 2007
Permanent plantings
Apr 2006
N/A
A r 2007
Mitigation plan/As-built
Jun 2006
May 2007
Sep 2007
Year 1 monitoring
2007
Sep 2007 (vegetation)
Nov 2007 (geomorphology)
Jan 2008
Year 2 monitoring
2008
Sep 2008 (vegetation)
Dec 2008 (geomorphology)
Dec 2008
Year 3 monitoring
2009
Sep 2009 (vegetation)
Nov 2009 (geomorphology)
Dec 2009
Year 4 monitoring
2010
Year 5 monitoring
2011
'Full - delivery project; 90% submittal not provided.
2Erosion and sediment control applied incrementally throughout the course of the project.
N /A: Data collection is not an applicable task for these project activities.
Table IV. Project Contact Table
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -01
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc.
Designer
5500 New Albany Road, Columbus; OH 43054
Construction
South Mountain Forestry
Contractor
6624 Roper Hollow, Morganton, NC 28655
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc.
Monitoring Performers
5500 New Albany Road, Columbus, OH 43054
Stream Monitoring POC
Warren E. Knotts, PG, EMH &T
Vegetation Monitoring
POC
Holly M. Blunck, Botanist, EMH &T
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 8

Table V. Project Background Table
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -01
Project County
Burke
Drainage Area'
Mainstem -8.26 sq mi
UTA -0.075 sq mi
Drainage hn ervious Cover Estimate
5.5%
Stream Order'
Mainstem -3rd
UTA -1 st
Physiographic Region
Blue Ridge
Mountains /Southern Inner
Piedmont
Ecore ion
Eastern Blue Ridge
Foothills
Ros en Classification of As- built'
Mainstem -B4c
UTA -B4a
Dominant Soil Types
Colvard sandy loam,
Rhodhiss sandy loam
Reference Site ID
Brindle Creek
USGS HUC for Project and Reference
03050101
NCDW Sub -basin for Project and Reference
03050101050050
NCDWQ Classification for Project and Reference
C
Any portion of any project segment 303d listed?
No
Any portion of any project segment upstream of a
303d listed segment?
No
Reason for 303d listing or stressor
N/A
% of project easement fenced
100%
'Data for UTB, UTC, and UTD are not reported as they are Preservation reaches.
In addition to the monitoring required by EEP protocol, monitoring has been required by the NC
DWQ under the Section 401 permit issued for the project on May 25, 2007. The 401 permit
conditions require monitoring data collection related to bank stability and success of vegetative
plantings installed along UTB and UTC, which were inadvertently impacted during restoration
construction along Silver Creek. The additional monitoring data is summarized under the
appropriate sections of this report.
D. Monitoring Plan View
The monitoring plan view is included as Figure 2.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 9

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III. PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS
A. Vegetation Assessment
1. Soil Data
Soil information was obtained from the NRCS Soil Survey of Burke County, North Carolina
(USDA NRCS, January 3, 2006). The soils along the mainstem of Silver Creek include the
Colvard Series consisting of loamy sediments ranging from 40 to 60 inches or more in thickness
over deposits of sandy, loamy gravelly to cobbly sediments. Rock fragments range from 0 to 15
percent to a depth of 40 inches, and from 0 to 80 percent below 40 inches. Flakes of mica range
from a few to common.
The Rhodhiss Series is present along UTA and is residuum from the underlying felsic crystalline
bedrock. The Rhodhiss sandy to sandy -clay loam is found on 25 to 40 percent hillside slopes with
a depth to bedrock greater than 60 inches. The depth to the top of the argillaceous (clayey)
horizon ranges from 2 to 20 inches. The depth to the base of the argillaceous horizon is 20 to 60
inches or more. The pedon contains 0 to 20 percent mica flakes throughout, with mica content
ranging up to 35 percent below a depth of 40 inches when the C horizon is present.
Data on the soils series found within and near the project site is summarized in Table VI.
Table VI. Preliminary Soil Data
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -01
Max. Depth
% Clay on
% Organic
Series
in.
Surface
K'
TZ
Matter
Colvard sandy loam CvA
60+
8 -18
0.24
5
1 -2
Rhodhiss sandy loam
RhD
60+
1 5 -20
1 0.24
5
1 0.5 -2
Erosion Factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion, ranging from 0.05 to 0.69.
2Eoosion Factor T is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water that
can occur without affecting crop productivity, measured in tons per acre per year.
2. Vegetative Problem Areas
Vegetative Problem Areas are defined as areas either lacking vegetation or containing populations
of exotic vegetation. Each problem area identified during each year of monitoring is summarized
in Table VII. Photographs of the vegetative problem areas are shown in Appendix A.
' Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 16

Table VII. Vegetative Problem Areas
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -1
Feature/Issue
Station # / Range
Probable Cause
Photo #
8 +00 Mainstem /
left bank
Sericea les edeza: encroachment from pasture
14 +50 Mainstem/
Invasive
No
Population
right bank
Sericea les edeza: encroachment from pasture
photo
27 +50 Mainstem/
right bank
Sericea les edeza: encroachment from pasture
Mainstem: See
Sparse vegetation along riparian corridor; likely
Bare
VPA Plan View
due to poor soil, plus previous cattle intrusion
VPA
UTA: See VPA
Sparse vegetation along riparian corridor, some
Floodplain
1,2
Plan View
areas completely denuded; due to cattle intrusion
There are a few areas with a population of sericea lespedeza along the Silver Creek mainstem
This species is a common component of pasture mixes, and as this project is adjacent to pasture
lands, it likely spread into the project area from the surrounding landscape. Because this species is
limited to isolated patches of small plants, it does not appear to be impacting the survival of
woody stems and is therefore considered a problem of low concern at this time. However,
proactive management in the form of herbicide treatments will be conducted throughout the spring
of 2010 to limit the impact of this species on the vegetative success of the project.
Several areas along the Silver Creek Mainstem were noted to have low overall herbaceous cover
along the riparian corridor on the right bank. These areas are patchy and scattered throughout the
corridor, with none of the areas showing banks that are completely bare. The soil along this
project is a mix of sand and gravel, and as such, provides very dry conditions in which seed must
germinate and grow. In addition to the poor soil conditions, evidence of previous cattle intrusion
was also noticed along the areas of sparse vegetation. Early in the year, cattle had accessed a
restoration project upstream of this site, and subsequently moved down the stream corridor into
the fenced riparian easement. Fencing has been placed across the stream to prevent cattle access
from the offsite project. Now that the cattle have been excluded, it is expected the permanent
ground cover growing in the corridor will spread to fill the bare areas.
Cattle had unintentional access to UTA through the early part of September 2009 due to a fallen
tree across the protective fencing. The cattle intrusion into the riparian corridor resulted in
several areas of bare ground and sparse vegetation. These areas were reseeded in the fall of 2009
using a seed mix appropriate for shady, partial canopied woodland areas. Cattle damage to
planted woody species and stream stability are discussed under subsequent sections of this report.
3. Vegetation Problem Area Plan View
The location of each vegetation problem area is shown on the vegetative problem area plan view
included in Appendix A. Each problem area is color coded with yellow for areas of low concern
(areas to be watched) or red for high concern (areas where maintenance is warranted).
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 17

4. Stem Counts
A summary of the stem count data for each species arranged by plot is shown in Table VIII.
Table VEJa provides the survival information for planted species, while Table VIIIb provides the
total stem count for the plots, including all planted and recruit stems. This data was compiled
from the information collected on each plot using the CVS - -EEP Protocol for Recording
Vegetation, Version 4.0. Additional data tables generated using the CVS -EEP format are included
in Appendix A. All vegetation plots are labeled as VP on Figure 2.
Table VHIa. Stem counts for each species arranged by plot - planted stems.
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -1
Species
Plots
Year 0
Totals
Year 1
Totals
Year 2
Totals
Year 3
Totals
Survival
%
MS
1
MS
2
MS
3
MS
4
MS
5
MS
6
UT
1
UT
2
UT
3
UT
4
Shrubs
Alnus serrulata
3
1
1
1
1
2
5
5
7
9
100
Aronia arbuti olia
1
1
100
Aronia
melanocarpa
3
1
2
1
8
8
4
7
88
Corpus amomum
21
2
5
2
4
4
1
2
2
31
25
20
24
77
Trees
Acer rubrum
2
2
2
2
2
100
Acersaccharum
1
6
1
18
18
13
8
44
Fraxinus
pennsylvanica
1
1
2
2
4
15
15
9
10
67
Liriodendron
tuli i era
1 1
1 2
1 1
41
4
4
3
75
Platanus
occidentalis
2
4
2
16
11
8
8
50
uercus michauxii
1
3
3
3
3
4
133
uercus palustris
1
0
0
1
1
100
Salix ni ra
3
5
5
3
3
100
Sambucus
canadensis
1 1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
100
Year 1 Totals
10
9
11
3
12
11
4
8
7
6
107
96
74
81
76
Live Stem Density
405
365
446
122
486 1
446
162
324 1
284
243
Average Live Stem
Density
328
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 18

Table VMb. Stem counts for each species arranged by plot - all stems.
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -1
Species
Plots
MS
1
MS
2
MS
3
MS
4
MS
5
MS
6
UT
1
UT
2
UT
3
UT
4
Shrubs
Alnus serrulata
3
7
1
7
1
1
2
Aronia arbuti olia
1
Aronia melanocarpa
3
1
2
1
Cornus amomum
2
2
5
2
4
4
1
2
2
Lindera benzoin
4
Trees
Acer rubrum
4
1
6
3
Acer saccharum
1
9
1
1
Fraxinuspennsylvanica
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
Ju lans ni ra
1
Liriodendron tuli i era
1
1
4
Lonicera s .
2
3
Morus s .
1
Pinus s .
2
1
Platanus occidentalis
3
4
2
uercus michauxii
1
3
uercus palustris
1
uercus s .
1
Rhus s .
1
Salix ni ra
3
5
Sambucus canadensis
1
Year 1 Totals
18
10
20
10
24
23
5
9
11
10
Live Stem Density
729
405
810 1
405
972 1
932 1
203 1
365 1
446
405
Average Live Stem
Density
567
The average stem density for the site falls meets the minimum criteria of 320 stems per acre after
three years. However, four of the ten vegetation plots fall below this threshold number. The
largest deficit occurred along the Unnamed Tributary, where cattle intrusion had killed several
trees and severely damaged others. In previous years, seedling mortality had been an issue along
the entire length of the unnamed tributary. While the woody plantings were focused on areas of
open canopy in the existing tree cover, the presence of large trees and the well - developed existing
vegetative cover shades the smaller seedlings and provides substantial competition for resources.
Plot 4 along the mainstem also exhibited poor survivability; however, the cause of the high
seedling mortality is unknown. The dry sandy soil could partially explain the mortality in Plot 4,
although it is unknown why the soil has affected this plot along the mainstem in much greater
proportion than the five other plots along the same stream.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 19

In addition to the planted woody species, a substantial number of recruit stems have been found in
all plots. The recruit stems result in nearly a 75% increase in the total stem density across the site,
and bring nearly all plots into compliance with the Year 3 minimum criteria.
Remedial plantings were conducted in late April, 2009 to supplement the number of trees along
the streams. The following species were planted across the project site:
Scientific name
Common Name
Aroma arbutifolia
Red chokeberry
Alnus incana
Speckled alder
Ilex verticillata
Winterberry
Cornus amomum
Silky dogwood
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip poplar
Quercus bicolor
Swamp white oak
Quercus velutina
Black oak
These additional trees brought the average live stem density to 328 stems per acre in Year 3, an
increase over the average live stem density of 300 stems per acre in Year 2. However, the cattle
damaged large areas of woody vegetation, creating open patches where seedlings and smaller
saplings had been trampled or broken off a few feet above the ground. The damage resulted in a
lower stem count for several plots than would have been found prior to the cattle intrusion.
To address the issue of low plant stem counts on those plots affected by cattle intrusion, specific
areas will be targeted for replanting within the Silver Creek and Unnamed Tributary riparian
corridors, which will include the deficient sample plots and surrounding areas within the buffer.
All deficient portions of the riparian corridors will be supplemented with additional native tree
and shrub plantings. These supplemental plantings will follow the specifications of the project
proposed in the project Restoration Plan and Mitigation Plan documents. Consideration will be
given to using larger woody stock, such as three- gallon potted material versus bare root specimen
in performing the remedial plantings. These larger saplings should have a more developed root
system and thus be better able to compete with the existing vegetation. Species more suitable for
full or partial shade will also be included in the species mix to provide better survivability under
the existing canopy. Supplemental replanting will occur during spring 2010. The subsequent
Year 4 (2010) monitoring report will contain specific documentation of this remedial planting
effort including the specific locations of replanting, and the quantity and species of tree and shrub
material installed.
Section 401 Permit Monitoring
In addition to the vegetative monitoring plots on the Silver Creek Mainstem and UTA, one
vegetation monitoring plot each has been placed on UTB and UTC, as required by the NC DWQ
under the Section 401 permit. Monitoring for these plots includes simple stem counts by species,
and does not follow the full methodology of the CVS -EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation,
Version 4.0. A summary of the stem count data for these plots is shown in Table VIIIc.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of S
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 20

Table VIIIc. Stem counts for the additional plots on U and UTC
Species
Plots
Year 1
Totals
Year 2
Totals
Year 3
Totals
UTB
UTC
Shrubs
9/21/09
1/6/09 - 1/8/09*
Crest gage on Mainstem
BF 2
Aronia melanocarpa
1
0
1
1
Ce halanthus occidentalis
1
2
0
2
3
Cornus amomum
7
1
2
6
8
Trees
Acer saccharum
1
5
7
8
6
Fraxinus enns lvanica
0
0
6
1
0
Liriodendron tuli i era
3
1
2
4
4
Platanus occidentalis
1
0
0
1
1
uercus alba
1
3
2
3
4
Year 1 Totals
14
13
19
26
27
Live Stem Density
567
527
Avers e Live Stem Densi
547
The average stem density for these tributaries well exceeds the minimum criteria of 320 stems per
acre after three years. The few supplemental plantings added to the site successfully contributed
to the large stem count total, and no further plantings are anticipated for these tributaries.
5. Vegetation Plot Photos
Vegetation plot photos, including photos for the additional plots on UTB and UTC, are provided
in Appendix A.
B. Stream Assessment
1. Hydrologic Criteria
Two crest -stage stream gages were installed on the project reaches, one each for the Silver Creek
Mainstem and UTA. The locations of the crest -stage stream gages are shown on the monitoring
plan view (Figure 2). No bankfull events were documented for this site during the first or second
years of monitoring. Bankfull events were recorded during Year 3, as documented in Table IX.
Table IX. Verification of Bankfull Events
Date of Data
Collection
Date of Occurrence
Method
Photo #
9/21/09
1/6/09- 1/8/09*
Crest gaie on UTA
BF 1
9/21/09
1/6/09 - 1/8/09*
Crest gage on Mainstem
BF 2
*Date is approximate; based on a review of recorded rainfall data
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 21

In September 2009, the crest gage on the unnamed tributary registered a bankfull event at a level
of 1.5" above the bottom of the crest gage. The crest gage on the mainstem of Silver Creek also
documented a bankfull event, at a height of 5.75" above the bottom of the crest gage. These crest
gages are set at or above the bankfull elevation of each stream channel. Photographs of the crest
gages are shown in Appendix B.
The most likely date for the bankfull event was after the rain events that occurred on January 6
and January 7, 2009. On these dates, rainfall as recorded in Rutherford, NC totaled 1.91 inches,
with 1.03" on January 6 and 0.88" on January 7. As this was the largest precipitation event of
significance since the completion of the Year 2 monitoring documentation, this is likely the
bankf ill event recorded by both crest gages. This corresponds to a high discharge event on
January 8, as recorded at USGS Gage 02138500 at Nebo, NC, which lies approximately 15 miles
west of Morganton and 5 miles east of Marion, NC. Other large precipitation events occurred on
December 10 -11, 2008, with a total precipitation of 1.73" over the two days, and May 24 -26,
2009, with a total precipitation of 1.32" over the three day period. The discharge and gage height
recorded at the Nebo station are shown on the hydrographs below.
USGS 02138500 LINVILLE RIVER NEAR NEBO, NC
9 2660
O
d
1660
4
a+
u
.a
a°ii I f
180
N
+1
a,
J �?
s 3e
° Nov 61 Jan 61 Mar 01 nay ei Jul 6i Sep 61
2M 2669 2609 2009 2069 2609
- - -- Provisional Data Subject to Revision - - --
- Daily naxinun discharge — Daily near discharge
— Daily nininun discharge — Estinated daily nean discharge
USGS Surface -Water Daily Data for North Carolina
http://waterdata.us%zs.gov/nc/nwis/dv?
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 22

USGS 02138500 LINVILLE RIVER NEAR NEBO, NC
4.0
3.5
w
3.0
i 2.5
m
r 2.0
n '
1.5
0.5
9.9
NOW 91 Jan 91 Mar 9i May 9i Jul 01 Sep 01
2009 2009 2999 2999 2999 2999
- - -- Provisional Data Subject to Revision - - --
- Daily naxinun gage height — Daily near gage height
Daily nininun gage height
USGS Surface -Water Daily Data for North Carolina
http:Hwaterdata.usas. eov /nc /nwis /dv?
2. Stream Problem Areas
A summary of the areas of concern identified during the visual assessment of the stream for Years
1 through 3 is included in Tables Xa through Xc.
Table Xa. Stream Problem Areas — Year 1
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Pro'ect No. D05016 -1
Feature Issue
Station Numbers
Suspected Cause
Photo Number
Stressed/failing
Natural log sill - concern for long -
structure
5 +75 UTA
term stability
SPA 1
11 +00 - 13 +00
Nearly vertical banks - need to be
Other
UTA
stabilized with matting and vegetation
SPA 2
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 23

Table Xb. Stream Problem Areas — Year 2
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -1
Photo
Feature Issue
Station Numbers
Suspected Cause
Number
Stressed/failing
12 +20 Mainstem
Natural log sill — removed due to concern
structure
5 +75 UTA
for long-term stability; channel stabilized
SPA 1
2 +50 UTA
Bank scour/ sloughing on left bank
Bank scour
3 +55 UTA
Bank scour/ sloughing on right bank
SPA 2
Bank scour/ sloughing by log vane along
5 +60 UTA
Bank scour/ sloughing on left bank
2 +40 — 2 +60 UTA
10 +50 UTA
Bank scour/ sloughing
3 +55 UTA
Bank scour/ sloughing on right bank
Bank scour
SPA 2,3
Nearly vertical banks — have been
5 +60 UTA
Other
11 +00 - 13+00
reshaped, still in need of matting and
SPA 3
Vertical bank along the right bank
UTA
revetment
10 +50 UTA
Table Xc. Stream Problem Areas — Year 3
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -1
Photo
Feature Issue
Station Numbers
Suspected Cause
Number
12 +20 Mainstem
Mid - channel bar downstream of J -hook
Aggradation
SPA 1
19 +50 Mainstem
Mid - channel bar downstream of J -hook
0 +25 UTA
Bank scour/ sloughing on right bank
Bank scour/ sloughing by log vane along
2 +40 — 2 +60 UTA
left bank
3 +55 UTA
Bank scour/ sloughing on right bank
Bank scour
SPA 2,3
5 +60 UTA
Bank scour/ sloughing on left bank
8 +50 UTA
Vertical bank along the right bank
10 +50 UTA
Bank scour/ sloughing
11 +00 - 13 +00
Nearly vertical banks — have been
UTA
reshaped, damaged by cattle intrusion
Throughout UTA;
Other
most extensive
SPA 4,5
from 11 +00 to
downstream
Cattle intrusion into stream channel and
project terminus
along stream banks
Two small areas of aggradation were noted along the Silver Creek Mainstem. The mid - channel
bars that have formed downstream of J -hook features are small and are not posing a threat to
stream stability. These features are noted as problem areas of low concern in order that they be
watched in future years of monitoring.
On UTA, a natural log sill was preserved during construction. The long -term stability of this
feature was a noted concern during the EEP scheduled site visit upon completion of restoration.
This structure has been removed, and the channel has been stabilized with appropriately size rock
quarried on site. This feature has been removed from the problem area table in Year 3 due to the
continued stability of the stabilized channel.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 24

Areas of bank scour noted on UTA include a few small areas of minor streambank erosion.
Because these areas are small, the use of mechanical means to regrade the banks is not warranted.
The areas noted are located in short, narrow channel reaches surrounded by existing forested
cover. Any areas deemed to require maintenance to improve stability will be stabilized using
vegetative means by seeding with a mix appropriate for partial shade conditions. Erosion matting
will be placed on any exposed ground to protect the slopes until the seed established appropriate
cover. Live stakes may be installed to enhance stability in areas of nearly vertical banks.
An additional area of concern exists along UTA concerning the steep slopes of the stream banks,
also noted by EEP during the construction completion site visit. These banks had been regraded
to stable slope conditions; however, this is one of the areas impacted by the cattle intrusion.
These slopes will be reseeded with a mix of grass and forb seeds appropriate for steep slope and
partially shaded conditions. Erosion matting will be placed on any exposed ground to protect the
slopes until the seed established appropriate cover. Live stakes may be added where necessary to
enhance stability.
In the late summer of 2009, a tree fell across the protective easement fencing and provided an
avenue for cattle access into both the channel and riparian corridor along UTA. The cattle
damage along the riparian corridor resulted in mortality to planted woody stems, damage to native
woody species, and trampling of the herbaceous understory vegetation. Seeding has been placed
on areas of bare ground exposed by the cattle. Tree and shrub species appropriate for partial
shade conditions will be planted in the spring of 2010 to replace those woody species damaged by
the cattle. The cattle also accessed the stream channel itself, causing hoof shear along the
downstream portion of the restored channel. Minor repairs of the bed and bank of the channel
were made to address the disturbance. One riffle has been rebuilt to restore the designed grade.
3. Stream Problem Areas Plan View
The locations of problem areas are shown on the stream problem area plan view included in
Appendix B. Each problem area is color coded with yellow for areas of low concern (areas to be
monitored) or red for high concern (areas where maintenance is warranted).
4. Stream Problem Areas Photos
Photographs of the stream problem areas are included in Appendix B.
5. Fixed Station Photos
Photographs were taken at each established photograph station on September 17, 2009. These
photographs are provided in Appendix B. Photographs of UTB and UTC are also provided, as
required by the NC DWQ under the Section 401 permit.
6. Stability Assessment Table
The visual stream assessment was performed to determine the percentage of stream features that
remain in a state of stability after the third year of monitoring. The visual assessment for each
reach is summarized in Table XIa and Table XIb. This summary was compiled from the more
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 25

comprehensive Table B1, included in Appendix B. Only those structures included in the as -built
survey were assessed during monitoring and reported in the tables.
Table XIa. Categorical Stream Feature Visual Stability Assessment
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -01
Segment/Reach: Mainstem
Feature
Initial
MY -01
MY -02
MY -03
MY -04
MY -05
A. Riffles'
100%
100%
100%
100%
B. Poo1s2
100%
100%
100%
100%
C. Thalwe
100%
100%
100%
1 100%
D. Meanders
100%
100%
100%
100%
E. Bed General
100%
100%
100%
99%
F. Vanes / J Hooks etc. 3
100%
100%
100%
100%
G. Wads and Boulders4
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Table XIa. Categorical Stream Feature Visual Stability Assessment
Silver Creek Stream Restoration / EEP Project No. D05016 -01
Segment/Reach: T ibutary A
Feature
Initial
MY -01
MY -02
MY -03
MY -04
MY -05
A. Riffles'
100%
100%
100%
96%
B. Poo1s2
100%
66%
100%
51%
C. Thalwe
100%
100%
100%
100%
D. Meanders
100%
100%
100%
79%
E. Bed General
100%
100%
100%
99%
F. Vanes / J Hooks etc.3
100%
98%
100%
98%
G. Wads and Boulders4
N/A
I N/A
I N/A
I N/A
'Riffles are assessed using the longitudinal profile. A riffle is determined to be stable based on a comparison
of location and elevation with respect to the as -built profile.
2Pools are assessed using the longitudinal profile. A pool is determined to be stable based on a comparison
of location and elevation with respect to the as -built profile and a consideration of appropriate depth.
3Physical structures such as vanes, J- hooks, and root wads are assessed using the as -built plan sheets to
define the location of such features. A structure is considered stable if the feature remains functional in the
same location as shown in the as -built plan.
4Those features not included in the stream restoration were labeled N /A. This includes structures such as
rootwads and boulders.
The visual stream stability assessment revealed that the majority of in- stream structures are
functioning as designed and built on the Silver Creek mainstem. A few bars have formed along
the mainstem; all meanders and pools are performing as intended.
A number of features along UTA were not found to be performing as intended during the visual
assessment. The majority of these features were associated with the cattle intrusion, particularly
along the downstream portion of the restored channel. In this area, one riffle was damaged, as
well as several outer meander bends, all of which was caused by hoof shear and trampling. A few
additional meanders were noted as having steep, eroding banks along the upstream reach of UTA.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 26

The majority of instream structures were functioning as designed on UTA. One exception to this
involves a log vane near station 2 +50, behind which there is a minor amount of bank scour and
channel downcutting.
There was a noticeable decrease in the number and depth of pools along UTA. The pools were
designed to be shallow, but due to this design, sediment tends to collect and essentially fill these
pools during extended low -flow periods. It is expected that these shallow pools will cyclically
flush and aggrade during corresponding wet and dry seasons.
Section 401 Permit Monitoring
Monitoring is required by the NC DWQ under the Section 401 permit to ensure that stability is
achieved along the restored portions of Unnamed Tributaries B and C. These streams were
visually assessed for stability at the same time that the visual stream stability assessment was
performed for the Silver Creek Mainstem and UTA. Both UTB and UTC appeared to be stable
during this assessment. Photographic documentation of the stability of the preserved portions of
Tributaries B and C is included with the Fixed Station Photographs in Appendix B.
7. Quantitative Measures
Graphic interpretations of cross - sections, profiles and substrate particle distributions are presented
in Appendix B. A summary of the baseline morphology for the site is included in Table XII for
comparison with the monitoring data shown in the tables in the appendix.
The stream pattern data provided for Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 is the same as the data provided
from the As -Built survey, as pattern has not changed based on the Year 3 stream surveys and
visual field assessment.
Bedform features continue to evolve along the restored reaches as shown on the long -term
longitudinal profiles. Dimensional measurements of the monumented cross - sections remain stable
when compared to as -built conditions. Riffle lengths, riffle slopes and pool to pool spacings are
stable. The comparison of the As- Built, Year 2 and Year 3 long -term stream monitoring profile
data show stability with minimal change from as -built conditions. The longitudinal profiles
contained in Appendix B reflect a software anomaly resulting in a shift in the locations of profile
features in the various years. RiverMorph uses the shortest straight line distance between the
consecutive survey points to create the stationing for the profile. The Year 3 survey represents a
larger number of collected survey points which has resulted in a higher cumulative length of
stream profile, particularly affected by the number of points collected around each meander
bend. The lengthening of the stream profile in Year 3 also affects the locations of each pool and
riffle with respect to the profiles of the previous years. In fact, the pool and riffle features remain
in the same locations shown on the as -built mitigation plan, with only slight adjustments. As such,
we have evaluated stability from the standpoint of comparing features between the different yearly
profiles with the understanding of the `shift' in these features between the profiles.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 27

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The constructed riffles remain stable, although there has been a shift in the particle distributions.
The substrate in the mainstem of Silver Creek has shifted very slightly, from a median distribution
in Year 2 ranging from medium to coarse gravel, to a median distribution in Year 3 ranging from
fine to coarse gravel. The shift in particle distribution along UTA resulted in a classification
change from B4 to B5 according to the Year 3 data. The profile graphs for both streams show that
aggradation is occurring in various locations along both streams, particularly in the upstream
reaches. This is most noticeable in pool locations along the profile graphs, where maximum
depths have visibly decreased from Year 2. It is assumed that fine particulates are settling during
low flows, both in the pools, and to a smaller extent, in riffle features. The shift in particle
distributions is considered as a natural byproduct of the flow regime, rather than an indication of
instability. Remedial maintenance work is not suggested at this time.
IV. METHODOLOGY
Year 1 vegetation monitoring was conducted in September 2007 using the CVS -EEP Protocol for
Recording Vegetation, Version 4.0 (Lee, M.T., Peet, RK., Roberts, S.R., Wentworth, T.R. 2006).
Year 3 vegetation monitoring was conducted in September 2009 using the same protocol as used
in Years 1 and 2. Year 1 stream monitoring was conducted in November 2007 to provide
adequate time between the as -built survey (completed in May 2007) and the Year 1 monitoring
survey. Stream monitoring for Year 2 occurred in the fall of 2008, providing a full year between
the Year 1 and Year 2 surveys. Year 3 monitoring occurred in the fall of 2008 to provide a full
year between surveys. Subsequent stream monitoring will occur in the fall of Years 4 and 5 to
continue to provide adequate time between surveys. Vegetation monitoring will continue to be
conducted in the fall of each subsequent year of monitoring, providing a full year between
vegetative surveys.
Evans, Mechwart, Hambleton & Tilton, Inc. December 2009
Monitoring Report — Silver Creek Monitoring Year 3 of 5
EEP Contract # D05016 -01 Page 30

APPENDIX A
Vegetation Raw Data
1. Vegetation Problem Area Photos
2. Vegetation Problem Area Plan View
3. Vegetation Monitoring Plot Photos
4. Vegetation Data Tables

VPA 1
View of sparse vegetation in the floodplain along the mainstem.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)
VPA 2
Overview of the sparse vegetation and bare banks along UT1 in an area of cow damage.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

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Vegetation Plot 1 on Mainstem
Monitoring Year 3
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)
Vegetation Plot 2 on Mainstem
Monitoring Year 3
Photo blurred due to rainstorm.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

Vegetation Plot 3 on Mainstem
Monitoring Year 3
Photo blurred due to rainstorm.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)
a-
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Vegetation Plot 4 on Mainstem
Monitoring Year 3
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

Vegetation Plot 5 on Mainstem
Monitoring Year 3
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)
Vegetation Plot 6 on Mainstem
Monitoring Year 3
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

Vegetation Plot 1 on Tributary A
Monitoring Year 3
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)
Vegetation Plot 2 on Tributary A
Monitoring Year 3
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

Vegetation Plot 3 on Tributary A
Monitoring Year 3
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)
Vegetation Plot 4 on Tributary A
Monitoring Year 3
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

Vegetation Plot on Tributary B
Monitoring Year 3
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)
Vegetation Plot on Tributary C
Monitoring Year 3
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

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Table 2. Vegetation Vigor by Species
Species
41
3
2
110
1 Missing
Unknown
Acer saccharum
3
3
21
31
7
Alnus serrulata
7
2
1
1 1
Aronia arbutifolia
1
Aronia melanocarpa
1
6
1
Cornus amomum
4
9
8
3
10
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
1
3
1
5
2
3
Quercus michauxii
3
1
1
Quercus palustris
1
Salix nigra
3
2
Sambucus canadensis
1
Liriodendron tulipifera
1
1
1
11
1
Plata us occidentalis
41
1
2
1
9
Acer rubrum
2
TOT:
13
25
20
25
11
6
35

Table 3. Vegetation Damage by Species
N
G1
.y
bOA
d
M
O
O
O
M
a
E
3
M
M
ro
GJ
E
E
M
O
4J
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O
O
3
O
L
N
v
C
0
E
O
=
y
d
Y
d
_
V)
Q
v
=
J
N
>
>
Acer rubrum
2
2
Acer saccharum
18
18
Alnus serrulata
101
7
1
2
Aronia arbutifolia
1
1
Aronia melanocarpa
8
8
Cornus amomum
34
27
1
3
2
1
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
15
9
1
4
1
Liriodendron tulipifera
5
5
Platanus occidentalis
171
15
1
1
Quercus michauxii
5
5
Quercus palustris
1
1
Salix nigra
5
5
IT
Sambucus canadensis
1
1
OT:
13 1
IL221
102
1
2
10
1
5
1

Table 4. Vegetation Damage by Plot
N
L
00
�
�
0
0
}1
M
v
Q.
M
M
M
1s-
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0
3
t6
L
0
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=
>
C
=
CL
Q
2
J
N
>
>
D0501601 -01 -0001 (year 3)
141
11
1
2
D0501601 -01 -0002 (year 3)
12
12
D0501601 -01 -0003 (year 3)
12
9
2
1
D0501601 -01 -0004 (year 3)
12
12
D0501601 -01 -0005 (year 3)
19
19
D0501601 -01 -0006 (year 3)
12
11
1
D0501601 -01 -0007 (year 3)
5
1
4
D0501601 -01 -0008 (year 3)
9
8
1
D0501601 -01 -0009 (year 3)
12
8
1
1
1
1
D0501601 -01 -0010 (year 3)
15
11
4
TOT: 110
1122
102
1
2
101
11
51
1

Table 5. Stem Count by Plot and Species - Planted Stems
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
a-I
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
E
eel
O
ri
O
ei
O
e-1
O
ei
O
a-I
O
ri
O
ei
O
e-I
O
rl
O
in
ri
ei
r1
ri
� i
e�l
e�
ri
ri
rl
y
�-+
N
E
�O
e1
O
tG
ri
O
�O
a-1
O
t0
�-1
O
�O
ei
O
tD
rl
O
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ei
O
t0
r-1
O
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r-I
O
t0
ei
O
f00
y
to
Ln
Ln
M
m
to
to
Ln
to
Ln
.0
a
4N
N
p
O
0
O
0
O
0
O
0
O
0
O
0
O
0
O
0
O
0
f0
C
O
a
>
++
O
4+
O
++
O
r
O
4+
O
4+
O
++
O
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O
++
O
++
O
C .
9n
�
U
M
s.
a
a
M
a
a
M
�.
c.
a
Acer rubrum
2
1
2
1 2
Acer saccharum
8
3
2.67
1
6
1
Alnus serrulata
9
6
1.5
3
1
1
1
1
2
Aronia arbutifolia
1
1
1
1
Aronia melanocarpa
7
4
1.75
31
1
2
11
1
Cornus amomum
241
9
2.67
2
2
5
2
4
4
1
2
2
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
10
5
2
1
11
2
2
4
Liriodendron tulipifera
3
2
1.5
1
2
Platanus occidentalis
8
3
2.67
2
4
2
Quercus michauxii
4
2
2
1
3
Quercus palustris
1
1
1
1
Salix nigra
3
1
3
3
Sambucus canadensis
1
1
1
1
J6
TOT:
13
81
13
1 101
9
11
3
121
111
41
8
7

i
Table 6. Stem Count by Plot and Species - All Stems
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
rl
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
th
1-1
O
O
1-4
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
I.
in
£
rl
a-1
r1
rl
a-1
r1
i-1
ei
GJ
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O
O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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p
H
tk
M
D
D
D
O
D
O
D
0
Acer saccharum
12
4
3
1
9
1
1
Alnus serrulata
22
7
3.14
3
7
1
7
1
1
2
Aronia arbutifolia
1
1
1
1
Aronia melanocarpa
7
4
1.75
3
1
2
1
Cornus amomum
241
9
2.67
21
2
5
2
4
4
1
2
2
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
15
9
1.67
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
Juglans nigra
1
1
1
1
Quercus michauxii
4
2
2
1
3
Quercus palustris
1
1
1
1
Salix nigra
8
2
41
3
5
Sambucus canadensis
11
1
11
1
1
Rhus
1
1
1
1
Lonicera
5
2
2.5
2
3
Quercus
1
1
1
1
Lindera benzoin
4
1
4
4
Liriodendron tulipifera
61
3
21
- 1
1
4
Morus
1
1
1
1
1
1
Pinus
3
2
1.5
2
1
Platanus occidentalis
9
3
3
3
4
2
Acer rubrum
14
4
3.5
4
1
6
3
TOT: 120
11401
20E—I
181
10
20
101
24
23
5
9
11
10

1
APPENDIX B
Geomorphologic Raw Data
1. Stream Problem Areas Plan View
2. Stream Problem Area Photos
3. Fixed Station Photos
4. Table B1. Qualitative Visual Stability Assessment
5. Cross Section Plots
6. Longitudinal Plots
7. Pebble Count Plots
8. Bankfull Event Photos

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SPA 1
Area of aggradation (mid- channel bar) near station 19+50 on Silver Creek.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/16/09)
SPA 2
Bank scour along Unnamed Tributary A near station 2 +60.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

SPA 3
Vertical bank along Unnamed Tributary A near station 8 +50.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)
SPA 4
Cattle damage along vertical banks along Unnamed Tributary A near station 11 +50.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

SPA 5
Cattle intrusion into channel of Unnamed Tributary A near station 13 +00.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

Fixed Station 1
Overview of the Silver Creek Mainstem, facing downstream from the downstream project
terminus.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/16/09)
Fixed Station 2
Overview of the Silver Creek Mainstem near Riffle #3, facing downstream.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/16/09)

Fixed Station 3
Overview of the Silver Creek Mainstem at Riffle #1, facing downstream.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/16/09)
Fixed Station 4
Overview of the Silver Creek Mainstem at Riffle #1, facing upstream.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/16/09)

Fixed Station 5
Overview of the Silver Creek Mainstem, facing downstream near station 2 +60.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/16/09)
Fixed Station 6
Overview of UT -A, facing upstream near station 0 +50.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

'tea# � ;,,.
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,,'

Fixed Station 9
Overview of UT -B, facing upstream from the confluence of UT -B with Silver Creek.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)
Fixed Station 10
Overview of UT -B, facing downstream towards the confluence of UT -B with Silver Creek.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

Fixed Station 11
Overview of UT -C, facing upstream from the confluence of UT -C with Silver Creek.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)
Fixed Station 12
Overview of UT -C, facing downstream towards the confluence of UT -C with Silver Creek.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/17/09)

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BF 1
Crest Gage on Silver Creek UT.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/21/09)
BF 2
Crest Gage on Silver Creek Mainstem.
(EMH &T, Inc. 9/21/09)