NC0000272_DWQ Fish Kill Report_20070907

NCWRC FISH KILL REPORT
Dates: September 7-8, 2007
Time of Thermal Event:September 7,2007,before 1200hrs
Time Reported: September 7,2007, 1530 firs
Counties: Haywood
Streams: Pigeon River
Location: Pigeon River in Canton, NC. Fish kill began below Blue Ridge Paper
and continued downstream to a location behind Caring Place Loop
(Map 1).
Type of Investigation: Formal
Observations: Approximately 8,434 total dead fish.
Type of Pickup: Partial pickup on 9/8/2007 to estimate total number dead.
EXPENSES
Powell Wheeler: 14 hours, 80 miles
Paul Pittman: 5 hours,26 miles
Steve Fraley: 6 hours, 35 miles
Amanda Bushon: 5 hours, 36 miles
David Yow: 10 hours, 119 miles
Thomas Russ: 3 hours,68 miles
OBSERVATIONS
Kevin Barnett of the North Carolina Division of Water Quality(DWQ)notified me (A.
Wheeler)of a fish kill on the Pigeon River below Blue Ridge Paper(BRP) at 1530 hours on
September 7, 2007. Thomas Russ(NCWRC) and I began investigating at approximately 1600
hours and we observed dead fish below the paper mill where the water temperature was 35.4 C. I
met at the site with Keith Haynes(DWQ) and Derric Brown (BRP) at approximately 1800 hours.
Derric Brown assured us that there had been no accidental chemical spills from the plant and

effluent temperature was the likely culprit. Keith Haynes and I investigated above and below
Blue Ridge Paper's impoundment. No dead fish were observed above the impoundment and the
water temperature was 24.3 C at 1918 hours. We observed many dead fish below the
impoundment and the water temperature was 33.2 CC at 1900 hours. KSith Haynes confirmed
that DWO wanted thg NCWRC to conduct a formal fish kill investigation.Due to tt—eTi RITed
daylight remaining, we began the formal fish pick- p the following m ing at 800 hours.
We collected, identified, and enumerated dead fish from three, 100 meter sites on September
8,2007. Site 1 was located below the bridge on Blackwell Drive. Site 2 was located 1.2
kilometers below site 1 and was accessed from the property o Cathy Roberts. Site 3 was located
at the bottom end of the fish kill and accessed from Caring Place Loop. hiving fish were
ebmwed at each site The following species of dead fish were collected: brown bullhead,
northern hogsucker, silver shiner, central stoneroller,tangerine darter,Tuckaseegee darter,
channel catfish, redbreast sunfish, smallmouth bass, warpaint shiner, whitetail shiner, greenfin
darter, and rock bass,
�o�e-•� 4I3-3�G�9'C y� �SRP����,�"A.,c.�i
yam, "��``�>33•�'L �.�:- �.�.
�.t. Aec .a c �Ote w 4, &
T,M y6 zo,6,o
at
9171oy-T.,.� GDIa1-33.10E
'A AAAX• -RMb2.`1
1)•0•_9 N/ M.,j4kjY d
9/ o1o7-T..4 Zi- 2L.40 L—R►+157.7
o.-S.Y$`t` -A'U- Me MAX
Maw+t lr Avg.

,Beata ♦} , o f ♦f r i +1 ti 4 `] a. '^"t f ` 'r.
S°,
�`�a1``_.
m ml m
�,,
tut .5t'... ,y4 t"�.\s.�i._l,"'•t7 r�tr „`"�'� tl� a -'. a�'iu'2 l.J,�+�=t' ( I 5�i1\ 1 r' 'r\
by .r r g a -5. ( y'�i a ( I .{ t t �`�•-s .:
r jlr r )J r iY' ,1`• 7%js Yi'12 �'+f7v 4i 1,J--l.: I^�ji�Cfl� r ,l�.Ft ?�` fall � ' `-n Yt,W�„k �•-crrrr•.
) l ! e 0 I ,
p
1' G6+r
�tzw` �1\ �?,� I.• � �. � r� J�,�L /�t.sitez� `�� `�r.}-r, ' l /�S �
Tyf
;I, Zzy g ' � , a �mr r^ YS zr ^x
i , ko � ��• i n rr.J l�r r�\ �?�I�Cr�C7- �t P tZ,,��X'.� � ' SL, '}+` �W ^aria 1' ��- .
0 .i^�1 �Z F
iw ?U •MV \' r M �`•{` ! .�\.sR{ Rt4��. {, f �V
/`N 1 L r q, �t r I m r,,,�r'r��rtt r+,2 ,tt vt s !'=.✓ /° {� s-rr..
l! I > IG i/7 +! � a> '6 ,KL' n,. )im•wa�C.}..If*
a� i�7 ��111�iGr `i�♦.cdla'Rti� � lt� T� 1c s�
1l
a st,S` a��. A r �. �• a�r iFju'��� '7� ` v S++Y�`1. �," � �,{ 5 ' N �` a�'°�J �
91^ / ,y .�n 1'..f :! �t/ } J�� / A'�l..ry.� g4���l�IF� > t9l`yT" dL FM��'✓11l
tJ n�1 �*. ��4�•' 4['fi' �y i/a'_-`/S`�)Fa rt)h.� Q��S' �lY`�'fI„/}��I :da s^ .yq� I ?'�� �._.7
i�l Cam/ t� -. ..-.y `� :�, '�,t-ti'i`t`•<
i
�•-aM ✓{ F rt.4'r".��'")1 ri roof
tt�`
tiytir ��rnl �1'i}'� '1 R .r I• t�Sl� 3 ,'�,21J ^r
r .��rfr,\ ,��1.V 5-•4k.��K� �1(1't ;rjf "'��"�� } ..r*,1 �?
e Yam. t.��Y' � ♦ .J /+a4"r,,r,"�`,�rrr�•-`�c?�xa'\.��q��£.x n"-�f. ./NONrE�ti�r �y 5^v`a � 1��m+a'C,r`t�',e �&w Lt.pla�•fi i-'iA"kS��i-1eR (/�. ^v.y'�1� .,t4'+1�....-. ../-��. ✓r'rP FI � �`/..u...yt} "a.i c �. 4JL �' �.� ivr.� 'YL"tac .`t+
Map 1. Map of Pigeon River,Haywood County,North Carolina fish kill collection sites. Dead fish were collected, identified, and
enumerated at these sites to estimate the total number killed.

- „ Page 1 of 2
DW -, " Fish Kill Field Investigation r-ulrm
NCDENR NCDENR-
C.-Send To: DWQ Environmental Sciences Branch Alto.Mark Hale or Elizabeth Fensin
4901ReedyCmelcRd Raleigl},NC 27607(919)733-99GO,Fax(919)73MY9
•:P3 mmi-h ldfitnfmailnet,:el'Investigators: !l \t❑nher te;;li il't Prih;:
Investigation Date and Time:I 600-1900hrs,9/7107;700-1400h,9/8/07 1 Manhours Required:38
Investigators:A.P.Wheeler,P.Pittman,A.Bushon,.D.Yow,S.Fraley,T.Russ
Organization-.North Carolina Wildlife Resources Comm. Regional Offfce:Marion,NC
Address:20830 S.R.74,Waynesville,NC 28786 Phone:[phone]
- Reporting Party:DWQ;K.Barnett Address:Asheville Office Phone:
Coinvestigators: Address: Phone:
Kill Event Location:
Waterbody:Pigeon River Station: Subbasin:
County:Haywood Nearest TownlLandmark:Canton
Tributaries or other waters affected:
Latitiude:35.5404512 North Longitude:82.8458003 West
Attach snap describing area of event and provide coordinates
Complete For Fish Kill and Disease Events
Date Event Began(First reported): 9/7/07 Time: 1200 hrs -
At time of investigation,kill event is : in progress El completed:
Area covered by kill: River(miles): 3.74 Lake/Estuary(acres,square miles):
Event Duration: Da s:l Hours:
Fin fish Species Affected:
Species: Smallmouth Bass Size Range: 63-323 - Approx Number: 543.
In Distress/Dying L DcadN Decayed Percent observed with sores or lesions:
Species: Redbreast Size Range: 38-185 Approx Number: 1147 .
In Distress/Dying❑ DealdX DecayedLj I Percent observed with sores or lesions:
Species: Northern Hogsucker Size Range: 92-383 1 Approx Number: 4368 .
In Distress/DyingL Dead® DecayedEl IPercent observed with sores or lesions:
Species: Tangerine Darter Size Range: 65-171 1 Approx Number: 925
In Distress/Dying L Dead® Decayed❑ Percent obse>ved with sores or lesions:
Other Organisms Affected:
Total Finfrsh Mortality: 8434 Total Mortality of Other Organisms:
Fish Disease Observations:
Lesions/Sores In'uries ❑ Flared Gills❑ Excessive mucus Tumors Visible Parasites
Gasping Loss of equilibrium❑ Erratic behavior❑ Attempts to leave water Lethargy
Convulsions❑ Other Describe:
General Lesion and Sore Observations:
Size cm): Location view diagrams below):
A earance/Comments:
� I(
E�� C C OO
D A 'f A
Page 2 of 2

Physical Observations and'.rajer Quali Measurements:
Station: I Station No.: Time:
Cloud Cover: Seas: I Air Temp: Preci :
Wind Direction: Wind Speed: Secchi Depth:
Bottom De the 4 Prior Weather 3 days):
Outfalls Present:Y N Describe:
Spills in area?Y❑N Lj Describe:
Other Activity:
Depth Dissolved % pH Temperature Conductivity Salinity
(meters) Oxygen(mg/L) Saturation OC. (ppt)
Surface
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Algal Bloom Description: Fill out this section ifbloont occurs in cotjunction with fish kill or disease.If bloom
occurs without affected fish,fill out Algal Bloom Report form only and send to Division of Water Quality ESB Attn:
Elizabeth Fensin
Visual characteristics:
Discolored Water Describe:
Lj Flecks,Lj Balls,17Filaments Describe:
Surface Film Describe:
Lj Other Describe:
Taste/Odor Complaints:
Biological and Chemical Samples Collected During Investigation:
Fish(Describe): Iced,Preserved?
Station: Sam IeNo.:
Contact for Results: _ Phone:
Algae/Plants(Describe); Iced,Preserved?
Station: Sample No.:
Contact for Results: Phone:
Other(Describe); Iced,Preserved?
Station: Sample No.:
Contact for Results: Phone:
Chemical Samples: Metals[—] Pesticides❑ Nutrients❑ Chlor A❑ Other❑ Describe:
Station: Sample No.:
Contact for Results: Phone:
Photographs and/or videos taken? Y❑ N❑
Where on file? Name: Phone:
Additional Comments,Observations,Conclusions,etc.(attach additional sheet if necessary):

� t4 A�
n
0 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission t
January 25,2008
Mark Hale
NC DENR Division of Water Quality
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh,NC 27699-1621
Dear Mr, Hale,
Please find attached a completed DWQ Fish Kill Field Investigation Form and a North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission(NCWRC)fish kill investigation summary regarding Pigeon River fish kill on 7
September 2007.
An estimated 8,434 total fish were killed within the affected reaches below the a Blue Ridge Paper and
continued downstream behind Caring Place Loop,including brown bullhead,northern hogsucker, silver
shiner, central stoneroller,tangerine darter,Tuckaseegee darter, channel catfish,redbreast sunfish,
smallmouth bass,warpaint shiner,whitetail shiner, greenfin darter, and rock bass. NCWRC staff was
contacted on September 7 by NCDWQ and requested assistance in assessment. NCWRC arrived at the
accident site at approximately 1600 to observe fish impacts within a 3.74 mile stretch and initiated a
formal fish pick-up the following morning. To estimate the numbers and species of fish affected, staff
sampled three 100-meter segments within the entire fish kill reach.
The NCWRC costs associated with the fish kill investigation, associated fish loss,and report preparations
were $12,113.24. The NCWRC requests a total reimbursement of$12,113.24.
Please contact Powell Wheeler,District 9 Fisheries Biologist, at 828-452-0422 x22 for specific
information regarding the investigation.
Sincerely,
Shannon Deaton
Program Manager, Division of Inland Fisheries
Enclosures _
Cc: Kevin Barnett,NC DWQ
Powell Wheeler,NC WRC
i l
Mallory Martin,NC WRC wfl�N 3 0
,
File copy J L

r AM
DWQ sh Kill Field Investigation arm --
NC®ENR NC®ENR
-§eiid-.To: DWQ'En*ir,onmentdl•Sciences`BrAnch Attn..MarkHaleor:Elizabeth'Fensm
A4011teed CreeIrRd.Rald 'NC27607-(919)733 99fi0,'Ewe(919) 33*39 '
s e u ail.-mi iiilialeQncmiilhet elizabeflr:fensmColnmiaiLrtet -
Investigators: Mt! Number (Mil use onlv):
Investigation Date and Time:I 600-1900hrs,9/7/07;700-140011,9/8/07 1 Manhours Required:38
Investigators:A.P.Wheeler,P.Pittman,A.Bushon,D.Yow,S.Fraley,T.Russ
Organization:North Carolina Wildlife Resources Comm. Regional Offrce:Marion,NC
Address:20830 S.R. 74, Waynesville,NC 28786 Phone:[phone]
Reporting Parry: DWQ;K. Barnett Address:Asheville Office Phone:
Coinvestigators: Address: Phone:
Kill Event Location:
Waterbody:Pigeon River Station: Subbasin:
County:Haywood Nearest Town/Landmark)Canton
Tributaries or other waters affected:
Latitiude:35.5404512 North Longitude:82.8458003 West
Attack asap describing area of event and provide coordinates
Complete For Fish Kill and Disease Events
Date Event Began(First reported): 9/7/07 Time: 1200 hrs
At time of investigation,kill event is : in progress ❑ completed:
Area covered by kill: River(miles): 3.74 Lake/Estuary(acres,square miles):
Event Duration: Da s:l Hours:
Fin ish Species Affected.
Species: Smallmouth Bass Size Range: 63-323 Approx Number: 543 7
In Distress/Dying[]—D--e—ad—M Decayed❑ I Percent observed with sores or lesions:
Species: Redbreast 1 Size Range: 38-185 1 Approx Number: 1147 JD
In Distress/Dying❑ Dead M Decayed❑ I Percent observed with sores or lesions:
Species: Northern Hogsucker Size Range: 92-383 1 Approx Number: 4368
In Distress/Dying❑ Dead® Decayed❑ I Percent observed with sores or lesions:
Species: Tangerine Darter Size Range: 65-171 1 Approx Number: 925 su
In Distress/Dying Lj Dead® Decayed❑ Percent observed with sores or lesions:
Other Organisms Affected:
Total Fintish Mortality: 8434 Total Mortality of Other Organisms:
Fish Disease Observations:
Lesions/Sores Injuries ❑ Flared Gills❑ Excessive mucusEj Tumors M Visible Parasites ❑
Gasping Loss of equilibrium Lj Erratic behavior❑ Attempts to leave water❑ Lethargy❑
Convulsions Lj OtherLj Describe:
General Lesion and Sore Observations:
Size(cm): Location(view diagrams below):
Appearance/Comments:
C f C ( O+
D B A B. 1 ,
P � Page 2 of 2

Phvsical Observations and Wt' Quali Measurements:
Station: Station No.: Time:
Cloud Cover: Seas: Air Te Preci :
Wind Direction: Wind S eed: Secchi Depth:
Bottom Depth: Prior Weather(3-4 days):
Outfalls Present:Y N❑ Describe:
Spills in area?Y N❑ Describe:
Other Activity:
Depth Dissolved % pH Temperature Conductivity Salinity
(meters) Oxygen(mg/L) Saturation (oC) (ppt)
Surface
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Algal Bloom Description: Fill out this section if bloom occurs in cot junction with fish kill or disease.If bloom
occurs without affected fish,fill out dal Bloom Report form only and send to Division of Water Quality ESB Atm:
Elizabeth Fensin
Visual characteristics:
Discolored Water Describe:
LJ Flecks, El Balls, Filaments Describe:
Surface Film Describe:
LJ Other Describe:
Taste/Odor Complaints:
Biological and Chemical Samples Collected During Investigation:
Fish(Describe): Iced,Preserved?
Station: Sample No.:
Contact for Results: Phone:
Algae/Plants(Describe): Iced,Preserved?
Station: Sample No.:
Contact for Results: Phone:
Other(Describe): Iced,Preserved?
Station: Sample No.:
Contact for Results: Phone:
Chemical Samples: Metals[] Pesticides❑ Nutrients❑ Chlor A❑ Other❑ Describe:
Station: Sample No.:
Contact for Results: Phone:
Photographs and/or videos taken? Y❑ N❑
Where on file? Name: Phone:
Additional Comments, Observations,Conclusions,etc.(attach additional sheet if necessary):

NCWRC FISH KILL REPORT
Dates: September 7-8, 2007
Time of Thermal Event:,September 7, 2007, before 1200hrs
Time Reported: September 7, 2007, 1530 hrs
Counties: Haywood
Streams: Pigeon River
Location: Pigeon River in Canton,NC. Fish kill began below Blue Ridge Paper
and continued downstream to a location behind Caring Place Loop
(Map 1).
Type of Investigation: Formal
Observations: Approximately 8,434 total dead fish.
Type of Pickup: Partial pickup on 9/8/2007 to estimate total number dead.
EXPENSES
Powell Wheeler: 14 hours,80 miles
Paul Pittman: 5 hours, 26 miles
Steve Fraley: 6,hours, 35 miles
Amanda Bushon: 5 hours, 36 miles
David Yew: 10 hours, 119 miles
Thomas Russ: 3 hours, 68 miles
OBSERVATIONS .
Kevin Barnett of the North Carolina Division of Water Quality(DWQ) notified me(A.
Wheeler) of a fish kill on the Pigeon River below Blue Ridge Paper(BRP) at 1530 hours on
September 7,`2007. Thomas Russ (NCWRC) and I began investigating at approximately'1600
hours and we observed dead fish below the paper mill where the water temperature was 35.4 C. I
met at the site with Keith Haynes (DWQ) and Derric Brown(BRP) at approximately 1800 hours.
Derric Brown assured us�that there had been no accidental chemical spills from the plant and

effluent temperature was the likely culprit. Keith Haynes and I investigated above and below
Blue Ridge Paper's impoundment. No dead fish were observed above the impoundment and the
water temperature was 24.3 C at 1918 hours. We observed many dead fish below the
impoundment and the water temperature was 33.2 CC at 1900 hours. Keith Haynes confirmed
that DWQ wanted the NCWRC to conduct a formal fish kill investigation. Due to the limited
daylight remaining,we began the formal fish pick-up the following moining at 800 hours.
We collected, identified, and enumerated dead fish from three, 100 meter sites on September
8,2007. Site 1 was located below the bridge on Blackwell Drive. Site 2 was located 1.2
kilometers below site 1 and was accessed from the property of Cathy Roberts. Site 3 was located
at the bottom end of the fish kill and accessed from Caring Place Loop. Living fish were
observed at each site. The following species of dead fish were collected: brown bullhead,
northern hogsucker, silver shiner, central stoneroller, tangerine darter, Tuckaseegee darter,
channel catfish, redbreast sunfish, smallmouth bass, warpaint shiner, whitetail shiner, greenfrn
darter, and rock bass,

a
�. ��F\l r� -1,-51 �r ht�}�I, SLY f 1 '�x i + \1 r`i • AY `zF, a'If L32"yJ �'ti+ `.1 �\, J '
��\.5�� 1 �f'' t�ht � ��'\�O6 ^ ��\`�'J�r �fl �. •�� !11\}rt f�� � !� rj !^l+ l 'I'
♦\1 'x'' ••�xl`t� JJJ l� "I . 4 ]iii 197 -" 1 r/ I i ✓ ( r�r� F.
\ t [t £1: ra.J ° ti 1 4
t [ r -.r y h}j f5�r tlri tE I Vl J ( `��4�1 }'•�+rr� �ii Jc 'sT4jy 7�} ! ( �> 11`'it�i 1. rP 1Lr�irf��/�-t
"1lK ��-'' ����,tF{t �� °r.S "�� ! � li> � {�� s j� 1 1'1 i tee i�'-tp r f-��2 +ct •�.� � 7)?I.�+.
��t'✓+..`<' ,�.�� �rG��7�` \, a..77..�`..-• �'1e� kt4� ,J= y �,.� �../ � f R w;z�6�.. 111 ti ;rj4 �� 3'p;.e���j��f;}S7
����i l,rt\.r.. T ��`i' 1�� �� 1 '{� f,'+ , r � L3,� I 4 c.t / C � �-� � .f.•..�,•
S(,•1 � r r It f y ` ., , 1 r `jF G�r. � 't'qq r 5 tiI L/ ��
'! i U ti� r ni \, / I fS�� ate, r�.! c-'1' - - l ✓�I � fir,_ �/,/ � � 1 / j`
Lr r k � u(i- w.�"' ,4rV "r i f <II✓ t�° U Y V �.vPi2 yS�+�✓!h fQjy `t��h..� ITV4I;..
s- 111S/� � tt-,l JI S, G t iy�*' '•'^.4 � u {�`�/�`r 3-,�,y S ` �-e' r �• I U'�;� � � I �r`° ; *'•�'
'-:�'•/'� .
('
�. �' �t r ! ye}'' {,t ik �1 �5a fllml�n I .-�7 ) t I°i'v'3�• .. �/. t7("`'t"` J -Z' ^"xtk
�v["+U�i1`��t.�.u�
.:-o' ' : Z '{�Q •l �. }
j}-'ti6y I� 1111`il,^' ��� r ; t 4.i" I�a y! '1�11 � r'``e"'�C"`"."'� r\�''1 ram✓
i. � ty�h.- � ".'�y rf r -s`;t t d x i ti � tU '� 1„�..-,✓,��h 17�Jr1 r I J`+�� v
-�..(� ,1 \�i , . 'I'.+ £(}f fi� , I �":�'\ •� �'-�i._.:j
r, a r i1 (y ` y,��r g,y� �_il`l a l 1 /.L �,r h-- :-��':3drt i�^1• / f( �•( ,/i'Za�}t"� � Ijki_1.a 1]�y> ..;J st 4\.• SP:
k h� l+f Il j r ( ./ t , c r- ry x•, ++s I c, �t llrl i!�+ IJJ i' t j r'r t>�rr.�.=jy it ,{{ T �,.I t/Il r '1�4 1 /� il Z• J' k ty <`>"JJ ' 1l tyl'r}(E' Jf.- sp,a.
r 4'lr��t . w Il��{�fti 4l,x' /f l ,?. �)r ef��/ r�1 7��4�, y/r/7 tiSttC Zt � ,.�+. ]x�� •lr id�l t$J,',�' '
S�x tt J , .S+'�/ _'>t Gy YS! I £a , k ,�1�` % ':•:"•- >.lsl 'x SItO '� r a" "3"•7 r 7Y i . e
2 i1` ar5 ',
' i+`Irtj,(!� ! ' t � pOS �-'4i `� � -• 5 �i`!;�� � `� j� �'� '-�c ��� �k�'`�k'�y� c� '-'�{I�-'J?,�i�?
'Ii"\� _/'I• ��1/' ti �T' L'� I�_l" `.i'�*'/1 J'1{f1.`F�.f:on�'C i ti~. r/ S�lYY.�''J v, 4't��tiy �'B vs��r�,r{, ',;�s<!
t.-�� ` {{�' I/ T r � i -3y ,-T-, 1 r 7�,�` gf y t 4r� �,t !� �.-1 a • < 3t}!'=jr rS -
/j \ h n; (/ '.e 1 r l•. ra } 1 F-+} �.� i. rt"+--�y 1 t l�'f >•\ l a. '4.� i
r s ♦ 'ilg�r
In
yC�� vb'E"t1Y't
�� e-5- rJ r p �rZ��.T 3��•.1 9,.��,�," !".�'Ait�7 ,'".t•`' 4} �w 11 tt��.4'I( - � '�°L a°63�u
.. .r � •; u t w` � +. � EEf^^—� -�}B ' i�. ( i � �F`i �f n �y'.r� J
' �l' 71fw': a �,t trt slfi 1 n o ati ,�� t .�,,, � � ��-+.'+�� � tl � err i`�r •```
-� (/ 4 1• 1 �4nrl / `'� 44• `1 tl1 x :$ S.n m.xt`1 1 .,�• ._
Y•/r -S;�.r„ � /.� !tl'i t' \FniGelst 1 -�`��c�<S �t� +.'C [1'+•1. ��x♦ �' .,�\ �t e
1 �+v I '� -s ^3- t":k-Y.r,
•^� ,r .`"f L 114�f�:,�'-S' + :Yitl��� a.,y^�.,i„ `"m-,. �„� -r+-�--* ''•. u�. � .� r},x�s� t.1.
� 1 S�_Y �.� / x. .J'SG i I� ����1i ',,t � ��~�.�.1� � u, e!5i1�1y"��.-�-.x-•,4 >:x��l^�•'"-'; -
r.J`, hl qr. rf F4.'/f�- �s>-t� Vic? i rL}�"� vy..�"r,1,rs' `',�,"-•4�� � l�s A < %1 ti v ',f'`�.
J \�y # y n 7t , vl..�I� ����i yt 'J �� F � f.Y � e�'�l �-�;y � ��FrT�•��, 7 .
i�'1. ^ t`V i _ "f'+ti lid j�c'i13'$�� f ar„'F f f �t �S�v�„ 1�� �l ����!'��_�-�`''•'�w��l'.>< �y�+�.l""»._^-t'I-e"�.'i�. f ti. It +F ! Ct�`'�-.•tea ,� �•1. �«e. v
I!jt�^ r J' �Yp�� Sy..... y ��Jr ,'>tit� �.�-/~"��5�� 'tV,�)� 3'L�j `:�^'`�"•'�{ly�'ta �j� }�'^'�.;�Y-"Gi[tt"271� i!I lC Y�i1 lr! ..^rJ /��;y "Y`ri?/ a�� / � I 1i v D 88
3 r ?t'1•'1..J1 Sf •�'fJ �xti 1.^ 1': f-'.
�-•t��� r J✓ 1 y r .-c .� <• '\�.! fcr�j ",}d4y7 � .."^+pf ,,*J• V?
(. �t>•Y�� `�.rt`1� rryrf� y�.��r�-../Ir-G�`�`'1� .✓ �x 1 " u. . �•�a� v�r �,.rt�r3 {�„ �_`I
t r--• `�•�2At��'Z`"t:J ti%•>—"r. -!„ f rl� jam`• -7�, �l`'v�5'I a� - 4.k'�'�. ?'��t.`41 dk 7
'tl
�C r t�✓.{��(y J�IT����1�1 i•I -� �^,�.� /�^.lyi� G��.�.''a�.-r� _ n���t ,f �J„��~r�1 ?::�t•I< � a.ax ti \l lsn �l�r'�.I'i-(�rv-�)r�� 4 � �1'�'�;v��� \,� \ � �'\1�\� U1)1 r` ti='?"`!t' r�r-a"l C:.
���'�`�`�^h�-�'}���y l�`(�"' .-,.a��''UI`+i� -,�e~� '�--� �I°¢. I:'c�4.�,�v�`-�f '� �`" 1 1• t��,I�} (F P \t1��'P�\� .
Map 1. Map of Pigeon River, Haywood County,North Carolina fish kill collection sites. Dead fish were collected, identified, and
enumerated at these sites to estimate the total number killed.