20081319 Ver 3_Year 3 Monitoring Report Ph I_20120224

MIM

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.0. PROJECT OVERVIEW ......................
A. Introduction .. ...............................
B. Mitigation Goals and Objectives
C. Project Implementation ..............
3.0. MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
4.0 MONITORING RESULTS..
A. Vegetative Monitoring
B. Hydrologic Monitoring
5.0
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
CONCLUSION
............... ............................... 2
............... ............................... 2
............... ............................... 2
............... ............................... 3
................ I ........... I.............. 4
LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES, AND APPENDICES
6
6
7
13
......................... Construction Phase Map
................... Phase 1 (Well and Plot) Map
.................... Estimated Hydrologic Zones
................. Reference Well Map (On -site)
Reference Well Map (Cameron Property)
Table 1 ..................................................................... ............................... Phase 1 Planting List (March 2009)
Table 2 ........................................ ............................... List of Acceptable Volunteer Species by Habitat Type
Table 3 ................................. ............................... Summary of Year 3 Vegetative Monitoring Data (Phase 1)
Table 4A ............ ............................... Summary of Year 3 Hydrologic Monitoring Data (Phase 1 Restoration)
Table 46 ............. ............................... Summary of Year 3 Hydrologic Monitoring Data (Phase 1 Restoration)
Table 5A .... ............................... .........................Summary of Year 3 Hydrologic Monitoring Data (Reference)
Table 56 ... ............................... ......................... Summary of Year 3 Hydrologic Monitoring Data (Reference)
AppendixA ........................................................................................... ............................... Site Photographs
Appendix B ................................................................ ............................... Vegetative Monitoring Data (2011)
Appendix C ............................................................... ............................... Hydrographs (2011) — enclosed CD
Appendix D ................................. ............................... Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index Maps — enclosed CD

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On behalf of PCS Phosphate Company, Inc. (PCS), Wetlands Resource Center LLC (WRC), has
completed the third year of annual monitoring of Phase 1 of the Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration
Project. Phase 1 includes the restoration of 680 acres and the preservation of 142 acres of non - riparian
headwater wetlands. Two wetland community types, bay forest and swamp forest, were restored based
on landscape position and soil composition. Construction of this phase was completed in March 2009.
Work included the backfilling of interior (lateral) ditches, disking of fields, the installation of clay plugs,
and the planting of over 329,000 bare -root seedlings (refer to the As -Built Report submitted July 2009).
Per the approved restoration plan, monitoring of the site includes the assessment of both hydrologic and
vegetative conditions over the course of a five year monitoring period. Following the completion of the
earthwork, a total of sixty -eight (68) 0.10 acre plots were established throughout the planted area. A
total of thirty -four (34) shallow groundwater monitoring wells were installed within 50% of the plots.
Additional wells were installed within the outlet canals and select transects across former agricultural
fields to provide additional data relating to site response to grading activities. Wells have collected data
from February 2009 through the present. Please refer to the Year 1 Annual Monitoring Report (AMR)
(submitted February 2010) documenting site conditions during the 2009 growing season. Refer to the
Year 2 Annual Monitoring Report (AMR) (submitted February 2011) for site conditions during the 2010
growing season.
Annual monitoring for Year 3 was conducted in October 2011. Based on the data collected during this
effort, the site exhibits high rate of survivorship ( >90 %) of planted species as evidenced by the
recorded, mean density of 460 stems per acre. In addition, the restoration project area continues to
exhibit increased hydroperiods in response to the earthwork completed in March 2009. With the
exception of one well, documented hydroperiods ranged between 78 consecutive days (equivalent to
25.7% of the growing season) and 93 days (equivalent to 36% of the growing season). The mean
hydroperiod of all wells was 78.5 days (equivalent to 30% of the growing season). The following AMR
provides more detailed information regarding the findings of Year 3 monitoring.
Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration Project t
Phase 1 — Year 3 Annual Monitoring Report
February 2012

2.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW
A. Introduction
Wetlands Resource Center (WRC) began implementation of Phase 1 of the restoration project
(encompassing 822 acres of the 4,213 -ac project area) in February 2009. Phase 1 is located at the
northeastern end of the mitigation site and is bounded by New Lake Road, Mooney Canal, and Airport
Road (Figure 1). Restoration activities included grading, plug installation, planting of characteristic
seedlings, and installation of monitoring devices. Placement of fill material within existing ditches was
authorized under Nationwide Permit 27 issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) with
attached conditions (issued February 20, 2009), and the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) 401 Water
Quality Certification with attached conditions (issued March 16, 2009). Refer to the Phase 1 As -Built
Report for copies of these authorizations. The restoration project is designed to provide suitable, high -
quality wetland and stream restoration to mitigate for authorized impacts associated with the PCS mine
continuation project in Aurora (Beaufort County), NC (USACE Permit No. SAW- 2001 - 10096; DWQ 401
Certification No. 3771).
B. Mitigation Goals and Obiectives
The objective of the Rutman Creek project is to provide for the functional restoration and ecological up-
lift of wetland and stream habitat via the re- establishment of characteristic hydrologic conditions and
vegetative assemblages. Anticipated functions and values resulting from the restoration project include
increased nutrient retention /transformation, sediment retention, floodwater storage /flood abatement,
wetland /wildlife habitat, and groundwater recharge. Given the scale of the restoration effort, the project
will provide considerable habitat benefits on a watershed and regional level. The project offers the
unique opportunity to provide habitat connectivity between vast acreage of wildlife refuge areas (to the
northeast) and the Pungo River Estuary (to the southwest).
Phase 1 of the project is intended to restore the hydrology and vegetation to 680 acres of previously
disturbed wetland habitat. An additional 142 acres of preservation is also included within the
boundaries of Phase 1. Restoration and preservation efforts will contribute to enhanced water quality
and food -web support of downstream waters. The vegetative restoration component is intended to
Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration Project 2
Phase 1 — Year 3 Annual Monitoring Report
February 2012

reestablish a characteristic assemblage of bay forest and swamp forest species (e.g. bald cypress,
swamp tupelo, pond pine, etc.) coinciding with existing topography, soil types, and restored
hydroperiods. The restored wetland community types will provide valuable refuge and feeding habitat
previously degraded or removed entirely by historic conversion and long -term farming operation.
C. Project Implementation
Restoration activities within the existing farm fields were initiated in February 2009 with the backfilling of
the existing network of lateral ditches. Clay plugs were then installed in six (6) specific locations within
outlet canals per the approved restoration plan (Figure 2). Clay material for these plugs was excavated
from existing spoil piles along Mooney Canal. The plug material was placed within the canals and
subsequently compacted utilizing the excavator equipment. All the clay plugs were installed in March
2009. Clay plugs #1 through #5 are 50 ft in length. The length of clay plug #6 (within the larger Mooney
Canal) is 100 ft. To provide additional reinforcement during high -flow events, filter- fabric and large rip -
rap was placed over the entire length of each plug (including the upstream and downstream slopes). All
water - control structures on each of the canals within Phase 1 were removed from operation. Note that
access across the water - control structures has been maintained to provide all- terrain vehicle
ingress /egress for monitoring and long -term management.
Planting of the 680 -acre restoration area was conducted by Superior Tree Planting Service during the
week of March 2 through March 7 (2009). All planting activities were supervised by environmental
scientists from Land Management Group, Inc. (LMG). Plant material was provided by Arborgen Nursery
(Blenheim, SC). Per the restoration plan, two non - riparian vegetative communities (swamp forest and
bay forest) were established throughout the 680 -acre restoration area. The bay forest community
(approximately 203 ac) was planted with characteristic species such as bald cypress (Taxodium
distichum), sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana) and pond pine (Pins serotina). The swamp forest
community (approximately 477 ac) was planted with species such as Atlantic white cedar
(Chamaecyparis thyoides), bald cypress, green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvannica), and swamp tupelo
(Nyssa biflora). A total of 329,038 seedlings were planted (corresponding to an average density of 483
stems /ac). Table 1 provides additional information regarding community composition and total stem
counts for Phase 1.
Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration Project 3
Phase 1 — Year 3 Annual Monitoring Report
February 2012

Table 1. Planted Species List (Phase 1— March 2009)
Swamp Forest
477 ac.
Non-Riparian Restoration
Common Name
Scientific Name
% Composition
# Planted
Swamp Tupelo
Nyssa biflora
26%
57,200
Bald Cypress
Taxodium distichum
26%
57,200
Atlantic White Cedar
Chamaecyparis thyoides
12%
25,050
Pond Pine
Pinus serotina
11%
23,000
Green Ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
19%
42,000
Tulip Poplar
Liriodendron tulipifera
6%
13,100
TOTAL
217,550
Bay Forest
203 ac.
Non-Riparian Restoration
Common Name
Scientific Name
% Composition
# Planted
Sweetbay
Magnolia wrgmiana
18%
19,750
Pond Pine
Pinus serotina
26%
29,000
Atlantic White Cedar
Chamaecypans thyoides
2%
2,338
Bald Cypress
Taxodium distichum
27%
30,200
Swamp Tupelo
Nyssa biflora
27%
30,200
TOTAL
111,488
GRAND TOTAL
329,038
3.0 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Annual monitoring is being conducted near the end of each growing season for a period of five years.
This monitoring includes both a vegetative and hydrologic component per the approved restoration plan.
The vegetative component for Phase 1 includes an assessment of the conditions within each of the 68
permanent monitoring plots that have been established throughout the project area (Figure 2).
Hydrologic monitoring is conducted via thirty -four (34) automated, shallow groundwater monitoring wells
recording daily (refer to Figure 2 for location of the monitoring wells). Data from the wells are
downloaded on approximate three -month intervals and imported into graphing software for analysis.
Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration Project 4
Phase 1 - Year 3 Annual Monitoring Report
February 2012

The following are the specific success criteria for both the vegetation and hydrologic monitoring of the
Rutman Creek Watershed Project. Note that the hydrologic success criterion for Phase 1 (bay forest
and swamp forest community types) is identified in 2b below.
(1) Demonstrated density of planted species to meet or exceed 260 trees per acre at the end of 5
years (post planting). 1
(2) The hydrologic criterion is premised on the specific community type to be restored.
(a) For the nonriverine wet hardwood forest community (mineral soils), the hydrologic
criterion will be the establishment of a static water table at, or within, 12 " of the soil
surface for 6% of the growing season (equivalent to 16 days based upon a growing
season from March 11th through November 27th) during periods of normal rainfall.
(b) For the nonriverine bay forest and swamp forest communities (organic soils), the
hydrologic criterion will be the establishment of a static water table at, or within, 12 "
of the soil surface for 10% of the growing season (equivalent to 26 days based upon
a growing season from March 11th through November 27th) during periods of normal
rainfall.
(c) For the small stream swamp (headwater riparian) community (zero -order
geomorphic position), the hydrologic criterion will be the establishment of a static
water table at, or within, 12 " of the soil surface for 12.5% of the growing season
(equivalent to 33 days based upon a growing season from March 11th through
November 27th) during periods of normal rainfall.
Monitoring reports include results of vegetative monitoring and photographic documentation of site
conditions. Reports also identify any contingency measures that may need to be employed to remedy
any site deficiencies. For instance, deer browse tubes and fencing may need to be used if evidence of
significant herbivory or deer browse is observed. In addition, supplemental planting may be necessary
in areas of reduced survivorship.
I Volunteer species may be counted toward meeting the success criteria based upon the list of species identified in Table 2,-
however, they will be tracked separately.
1 As determined from long -term climatic data of published WETS Table of Belhaven, NC station.
Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration Project 5
Phase 1 - Year 3 Annual Monitoring Report
February 2012

Table 2. List of Acceptable Volunteer Species by Habitat Type
Swamp Forest
1,251 ac
Bay Forest
1,705 ac
Common Name
Scientific Name
Common Name
Scientific Name
Sweetbay
Magnolia virginiana
Fetterbush
Lyonia lucida
Red Bay
Persea palustris
American Titi
Cyrilla racemiflora
American Titi
Cynlla racemiflora
Gallberry
Ilex coriacea
Wax Myrtle
Morelia cerifera
Inkberry
Ilex glabra
Fetterbush
Lyonia lucida
Dahoon Holly
Ilex cassine
Sweet Pepperbush
Clethra alnifoha
Wax Myrtle
Morella cerifera
American Holly
Ilex opaca
High -bush Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum
High -bush Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum
Wet Hardwood Forest
344 ac
Small Stream Swamp
42 ac
Common Name
Scientific Name
Common Name
Scientific Name
Red Bay
Persea palustris
Fetterbush
Lyonia lucida
Wax Myrtle
Morella cerifera
American Titi
Cynlla racemiflora
Sweet Pepperbush
Clethra almfolia
Wax Myrtle
Morella cerifera
American Holly
Ilex opaca
Tulip Poplar
Liriodendron tulipifera
High -bush Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum
High -bush Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum
4.0 MONITORING RESULTS (YEAR 3)
A. Vegetation Monitoring
A total of 3,231 plant stems (3,134 stems and 97 stems of planted and acceptable volunteer species,
respectively) were enumerated throughout the sixty -eight (68) plots. The total number of planted stems
identified corresponds to an average density of 461 stems per acre within the project area (Table 3). Of
all the planted species identified, bald cypress exhibited the highest number of individual stems (1,040).
Other planted species such as swamp tupelo, green ash, and pond pine were also abundant within the
monitored plots. With the inclusion of acceptable volunteer species (namely wax myrtle and red bay),
the mean stem density for Year 3 is 475 stems per acre. Additional volunteer species identified in
Phase 1, but not counted towards the overall monitoring success, include eastern baccharis ( Baccharis
haiimifoiia), black willow (Si /ax nigra), and winged sumac (Rhus copa/innum).
Overall, the site exhibited a diverse assemblage of characteristic trees and shrubs (as depicted in Table
3). There was no indication of significant mortality that would require implementation of contingency
measures. Plot #55 exhibited the highest mortality and was the only plot (of 68 plots) that did not meet
Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration Project 6
Phase 1 — Year 3 Annual Monitoring Report
February 2012

the minimum success criterion. It appears as though mortality in this plot (particularly to pond pine and
sweet bay) was a result of dense grasses over - topping young seedlings during Year 1 and Year 2. The
remaining 67 plots exhibited relatively high stem densities (ranging between 32 stems to 69 stems per
0.10 -acre plot) through Year 3 monitoring. Refer to Appendix A for photographs of current site
conditions. A comprehensive vegetation plot data table is provided in Appendix B.
Table 3. Summary of Year 3 Vegetative Monitoring Data (Phase 1)
Species
Common Name
Planted (P) or
Volunteer V
Total
Stems
# plots
Average # Stems
Taxodium distichum
bald cypress
P
1,040
66
15.8
N ssa biflora
swamp tupelo
P
903
66
13.7
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
green ash
P
507
43
11.8
Pinus serotina
pond pine
P
320
37
8.6
Chamaecyparis th oides
Atlantic white cedar
P
219
27
8.1
Unodendron tuli ifera
tulip poplar
P
70
12
5.8
Ma nolia vir iniana
sweetbay
P
75
10
7.5
Morella cerifera
wax myrtle
V
95
5
19
Persia borbonia
red bay
V
2
1
2
Total Planted Stems 68 Plots
3,134
46.1
Total Planted and Acceptable Volunteer Stems 68 Plots
3,231
47.5
B. Hydrologic Monitoring
Per the approved mitigation plan, a total of thirty -four (34) shallow groundwater monitoring wells were
installed in the center of selected vegetation plots in February 2009. In April 2009, six calibration wells
were installed at selected plots (two wells each at Plots 37, 57, and 67). As indicated previously, lateral
ditches were completely filled by February 25 (2009) and all plugs installed by March 20 (2009). The
final plug installed was within Mooney Canal, the primary outlet for Phase 1. Data from the wells
depicted a gradual decrease in rate of discharge during Year 1 monitoring as a result of the earthwork
conducted during the early growing season of 2009.
During Year 3 monitoring, all but one well of Phase 1 met the hydrologic success criterion (i.e.
hydroperiods meeting or exceeding 10% of the growing season). The remaining one well (Plot #55) is
located in an area of slightly higher topography adjacent to New Lake Road. Hydroperiods for all other
wells ranged between 41 consecutive days (16% of the growing season) (Plot #41) and 93 days (36% of
Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration Project 7
Phase 1 - Year 3 Annual Monitoring Report
February 2012

the growing season) (Well #1 -5, 9 -15, 19, 25 -37E, 47 -50, 57W, 57, 59, 67W, and 67E). The mean
hydroperiod for Phase 1 (Year 3) was 78.5 days (30% of the growing season). Refer to Table 4A for a
summary of the Year 3 hydrologic data. Complete hydrologic monitoring data (i.e. hydrographs) are
provided in Appendix C (electronic format). The estimated hydrologic zones of Phase 1 are depicted in
Figure 3.
Note that based upon recent federal guidance regarding the length of the growing season in the Atlantic
and Gulf Coastal Plain Region (as detailed in the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers
Wetland Delineation Manual.- Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region), biological indicators and soil
temperature data often indicate that the growing season of a particular county may be longer than that
identified in WETS tables. As a result, the state Interagency Review Team (IRT) has recently moved
toward the use of a growing season beginning February 1 and ending November 30 of each year
(unless site - specific data indicate otherwise). Available soil temperature data at Rutman Creek support
the use of an extended growing season (refer to hydrographs provided in Appendix Q. In light of recent
agency guidance, supplemental tables (evaluating hydroperiods from February 1 through November 30)
are provided for informational purposes (refer to Tables 4B and 5B).
Cumulative days of groundwater levels within 12 inches of the soil surface were significantly higher
during Year 3 than Year 1 (Year 1 R= 81.8; Year 3 x= 230.1; p <0.0001). While the mean hydroperiod
was longer in Year 3 than in Year 2 (Year 2 R= 206.5), this difference was not statistically different.
Cumulative days of groundwater levels within 12 inches of the surface were not significantly different
between Year 3 and Year 2 (x= 206.5). Cumulative days of groundwater levels within 12 inches of the
soil surface were also significantly higher during Year 2 than Year 1 (p <0.0001). Such data indicate that
the rate of groundwater discharge has appreciably declined since Year 1, resulting in a gradual
elevation of the static water table. The amplitude and duration of saturation for the mitigation wells
appears to match or exceed that of the reference wells (refer to Tables 4 and 5). Three wells within the
bay forest reference area continue to exhibit abnormally low groundwater levels throughout the
monitoring period. These wells will be relocated within this block of woods to an area with more
appropriate reference hydrology. With the exception of these wells, the remaining reference wells
exhibit hydroperiods between 13.4% (Hardwood Flat #1) and 34.0% (Bay Forest #4).
Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration Project 8
Phase 1 — Year 3 Annual Monitoring Report
February 2012

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Precipitation over the monitoring year was variable. Based upon documented rainfall (via on -site data
loggers and off -site weather stations), precipitation totals were generally considered "normal" from
January 2011 to April 2011. These findings were supported by the Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index
maps which depict hydrological (long -term cumulative) drought and wet conditions by regions.
According to the Palmer Index, drought conditions began in May 2011 and persisted until late August.
In June and July, the drought was characterized as 'severe' and 'extreme', respectively. Groundwater
levels were recharged as a result of an extreme precipitation event associated with Hurricane Irene on
August 27, 2011. The subsequent groundwater recharge is reflected by the Palmer Index indicating
'mid- range' (i.e. normal) hydrologic conditions from September through November. Moderate drought
conditions returned in December 2011. Site - specific rainfall data are included on the hydrographs in
Appendix C. The Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index maps for 2011 are provided in Appendix D. Both
appendices are provided digitally on the enclosed CD.
5.0 CONCLUSION
Based upon the results of the Year 3 monitoring, Phase 1 appears to be progressing well toward the
target wetland community types (bay forest and swamp forest). The site continues to exhibit increased
duration and amplitude of hydroperiods — suggesting that the measures employed to eliminate prior site
drainage (e.g. backfilling of ditches and installation of impervious clay plugs) are functioning as
intended. With the exception of one well, observed hydroperiods (of the remaining 33 wells) exceed the
stated hydrologic success criterion for the site.
Phase 1 also exhibits a diverse and characteristic assemblage of wetland tree and shrub species.
Survivorship of planted stems remains high as exhibited by the recorded mean stem density (461 stems
per acre) across the site. There were no invasive species issues identified, and volunteers thus far do
not appear to have any significant, adverse effect on shrub or tree growth. Seedlings within the one plot
exhibiting increased mortality (Plot #55) appear to have been affected by the dense growth of grasses
during the first two years of the project. However, this was limited to one plot out of 68 plots across the
site.
Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration Project 13
Phase 1 — Year 3 Annual Monitoring Report
February 2012

Overall the Phase 1 project area appears to be performing very well. Monitoring results indicate that
target wetland functions (including floodwater storage, increased hydrologic residency times,
nutrient/sediment retention, and wildlife habitat) are already being performed across the site. As a
result, no contingency measures are planned. The site will be continued to be monitored over the next
two years (through Year 5), and the findings of such will be provided in subsequent annual monitoring
reports for agency review and concurrence.
Rutman Creek Watershed Restoration Project 14
Phase 1 — Year 3 Annual Monitoring Report
February 2012

FIGURES

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Legend
0 Reference Wells

APPENDIX l
SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

, 4-- -,

(1) View of Green Ash at Plot 45
(2) View of vegetation monitoring at Plot 15
Rutman Creek
Watershed Restoration Project
Phase 1
AkAMG
LAND MANAGEMENT GROUP is
Environmental Consultants
Site Photographs
Annual Monitoring
(Year 3)

APPENDIX B.
INDIVIDUAL PLOT DATA (YEAR 3)

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T- Soil Temperature (Degrees F)
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T- Soil Temperature (Degrees F)
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