HomeMy WebLinkAbout20161268_Meeting Minutes 01272011_20110127CN INEER & CONSULTANTS
To Meeting Participants
FROM Liz Kovasclutz Mulkey Engineers and Consultants
DATE January 27 2011
SUBJECT Merger Team Concurrence Point 3 Informational Meeting Proposed SR 1409
(Military Cutoff Road) Extension and Proposed US 17 Hampstead Bypass New
Hanover and Pender Counties NCDOT TIP Project Nos U 4751 and R 3300
A NEPA /Section 404 Merger informational meeting was held on December 15 2011 for the subject
project in the NCDOT Structure Design conference room The purpose of the meeting was to
review detailed study alternatives and discuss agency comments in preparation for Concurrence Point
3 (CP 3) Meeting participants are listed below and a summary of the CP 3 informational meeting
follows
MEETING PARTICIPANTS
Johnny Banks Mulkey
Rachelle Beauregard NCDOT — NES
Jay Bissett
Mulkey
Heather Causey
NCDOT
Manssa Cox
NCDOT NES
Jason Elliott
NCDOT NES
Mary Pope Furr
NCDOT HES
Kin Gillespie
NCDOT PDEA
Renee Gledhill Earley NC Dept of Cultural Resources SHPO
Phil Harris
NCDOT NES
Heenan Huang
NCDOT HES/ Public Involvement & Community Studies
Gary Jordan
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Drew Joyner
NCDOT HES
Liz Kovasckitz
Mulkey
Gary Lovering
NCDOT Roadway Design
Jay McInnis
NCDOT PDEA
Scott McLendon
US Army Corps of Engineers
Art McMillan
NCDOT Hydraulics
Mark Mickley
Mulkey
Chris MUtscher
US Environmental Protection Agency
Tara Murphy
Wilnungton MPO
W M Petit
NCDOT STIP
Allen Pope
NCDOT Division 3
Jackson Provost
NCDOT Division 3
Ron Sechler
NOAA National Marine Fisheries
Brad Shaver
US Army Corps of Engineers
Amy Sines
NC Dept of Environment & Natural Resources
Caleb Smith
NCDOT Archaeology
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Steve Sollod
NC Division of Coastal Management
Mark Staley
NCDOT Roadside Environmental
Tom Steffens
US Army Corps of Engineers
Sarah Schwarzer
NCDOT PDEA
Greg Thorpe
NCDOT PDEA
Jay Twisdale
NCDOT Hydraulics
David Wainwright
NC Division of Water Quality
Travis Wilson
NC Wildlife Resources Commission
Stephen Yeung
NCDOT Congestion Management
Shane York
NCDOT TPB
MEETING SUMMARY
Jay McInnis opened the meeting and introductions were made around the room Mr McInrus stated
the meeting was an informational meeting and not a concurrence meeting Liz Kovasckitz began the
presentation by noting meeting handouts were available on the table near the sign in sheet The
materials included a project summary packet two figures illustrating the location of Cooley s
meadowrue and rough leaved loosestrife and an update to Table 5 in the packet
PRESENTATION
Ms Kovasckitz reviewed the agenda for the meeting and noted the purpose of the meeting was to
review the project status and discuss items related to the selection of the Least Environmentally
Damaging Practicable Alternative (LEDPA) (Concurrence Point 3) for the US 17 Corridor Study
Ms Kovasckitz then provided an overview of the project The current project schedule includes a
Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS in August 2012 with a State Record of Decision in
December that same year
Ms Kovasckitz described the current project alternatives There are two Current Detailed Study
Alternatives (DSAs) for Military Cutoff Road Extension Alternatives M1 and M2 There are four
Current DSAs for Hampstead Bypass Alternatives E H O R and U Ms Kovasckitz noted the
Hampstead Bypass alternatives evolved during the project development process in response to
concerns from USFWS and other merger team members and the results of a red cockaded
woodpecker (RCW) foraging habitat analysis Incorporated design options minimize impacts to RCW
foraging habitat by moving the northern interchange near the project s terminus away from existing
US 17 to south and west of the Topsail School complex for Alternatives E H O R and U
Proposed typical sections for the Hampstead Bypass were described Ms Kovasckitz explained that
typical sections are influenced by the type of facility required to fulfill the projects purpose and need
The number of proposed lanes included in the typical sections is based on providing capacity for
existing and future traffic volumes as well as minimizing impacts to sensitive natural resources such
as RCW in the area Traffic operations analyses show that six lanes are required to accommodate
future traffic volumes along the proposed bypass from the US 17 Wilmington Bypass to the proposed
interchange with NC 210 for Alternatives E H O and R and for Alternative U from the proposed
interchange with existing US 17 to the proposed interchange with NC 210 The typical section
includes a 46 foot grass median From the proposed interchange at NC 210 to the northeastern
project terminus at existing US 17 Hampstead Bypass Alternatives E H O R, and U are each
proposed as a four lane roadway with a 46 foot grass median Four lanes will accommodate future
traffic volumes along the portion of the proposed bypass between NC 210 and the proposed
interchange with existing US 17 Traffic volumes along the bypass increase again from the
interchange with existing US 17 to the end of the project However in order to minimize RCW
habitat impacts only four lanes are proposed along this section of the bypass
Ms Kovasckitz further explained that in the section of the proposed bypass where RCW
minimization was incorporated into the project design (proposed interchange at realigned US 17 to
the northern end of the project) traffic demand will exceed capacity (Level of Service [LOS] F) in
2035 using the proposed four lane typical section However the traffic carrying capacity of US 17 in
this area will be improved meeting purpose and need Until the proposed Hampstead Bypass ties
into existing US 17 near Leeward Lane the amount of traffic on the bypass will be less than the
amount of traffic on existing US 17 under the No Build condition In addition traffic service on
existing US 17 in the area will be unproved
Ms Kovasckitz described other factors that contributed to the decision to propose the use of a four
lane typical section including
• The construction of a four lane freeway for the preceding segment will result in an acceptable
LOS (D) and minimize construction costs
• Maintains connectivity (less than 200 feet) between RCW foraging habitat partitions
• Hampstead Bypass must transition to four lanes to meet the typical section of existing US 17 at
the northern terminus US 17 where the project will tie in is projected to exceed capacity (LOS F)
in 2035
• Using a six lane typical section between two four lane typical sections would create a traffic
bottleneck
• Because it is at the end of the project it makes more sense in terms of the project as a whole to
transition to four lanes earlier in order to minimize impacts to a protected species This would
not be effective in the middle of the proposed project where driver expectancy issues would anse
and increased congestion would result from traffic bottlenecks
For Hampstead Bypass Alternative U two additional typical sections are proposed for other
segments Between the proposed interchange with US 17 Wilmington Bypass and the existing US 17
Wilmington Bypass interchange at Market Street a ten lane roadway with a 22 foot median would be
constructed Frontage roads would be needed in addition to the main travel lanes where Alternative
U travels along existing US 17 These service roads would provide access to businesses residences
and community facilities along existing US 17 Several considerations factored into the proposed
typical section for this segment of Alternative U
• Year 2035 traffic projections for Alternative U in this area are comparable to traffic found on the
busiest roads in the most populated areas in North Carolina including Charlotte and Raleigh
Traffic analyses show that the number of lanes required between the proposed interchange with
the US 17 Wilmington Bypass and the proposed interchange at NC 210 are higher for Alternative
U than for Alternatives E H O and R between the same points This is because Alternatives E
H O and R provide northbound travelers the option of either using the proposed Hampstead
Bypass or existing US 17 while all traffic is directed along one route with Alternative U More
lanes are required to process this increased traffic on Alternative U
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• US 17 Wilmington Bypass and existing US 17 each with four lanes come together along this
section of Alternative U With their combined traffic ten lanes are needed to accommodate
projected 2035 traffic volumes
• NCDOT proposes a freeway facility with full control of access for the Hampstead Bypass because
in addition to increasing safety it would provide greater benefit in terms of traffic service than the
partial or no control of access options An expressway or non freeway option with direct access
from the bypass to adjacent properties would require 14 travel lanes to provide adequate traffic
carrying capacity The signals required for an expressway reduce the capacity from approximately
2 200 passenger cars per hour for a freeway lane to approximately 450 vehicles per hour for an
expressway lane In addition there would be driver expectancy and safety concerns associated
with the Hampstead Bypass making the transition from a freeway to a 14 lane expressway with
signalization and turning movements and back to a freeway
• Utilizing service roads nunimizes impacts by reducing relocations and right of way costs
Ms Kovasckitz explained that the same two typical sections are proposed for Military Cutoff Road
Extension Alternatives M1 and M2 The first typical section is a six lane roadway with a 30 foot grass
median and curb and gutter which is proposed for Alternatives M1 and M2 between Market Street
and approximately one mile north of Torchwood Boulevard NCDOT is coordinating with the
Wilmington MPO on the inclusion of a multi use path that would tie into the existing multi use path
on Military Cutoff Road From approximately one mile north of Torchwood Boulevard to the US 17
Wilmington Bypass the proposed typical section for both alternatives is a six lane roadway with a 46
foot median
i
Ms Kovasckitz stated that Corridor Public Hearings were held for the project on October 17 and 18
2011 One hundred eighteen citizens attended at Noble Middle School in Wilmington and 266
citizens attended at Topsail High School in Hampstead Fifteen verbal comments were made after the
formal presentations As of November 28 2011 92 written comments have been received Twenty
two of the written comments submitted related to the Military Cutoff Road Extension The
remainder pertained to the Hampstead Bypass Most of these comments expressed concern with the
location of the northernmost interchange for the Hampstead Bypass and the lack of direct access to
existing US 17 from Hampstead Bypass at the northern end of the project The public hearing
comment form provided the opportunity for those commenting to rank the order of their corridor
preference(s) from among the five Current Detailed Study Alternatives Ms Kovasckitz noted that
with the exception of Alternative M1 +U the alternatives ranked fairly closely when looking at first
and second choices combined
A summary of impacts to jurisdictional streams, ponds and wetlands was then discussed by the
merger team Total stream impacts by Current DSA were presented Detailed stream impacts were
included in Table 4 11 in Appendix A of the informational packet Alternatives M1 +EH and M1 +R
have the highest stream impacts Alternative M2 +U has the lowest stream impacts
Mitigation opportunities were then discussed From a procedural standpoint NCDOT does not
typically extensively investigate on site mitigation opportunities until LEDPA has been chosen The
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) defines on
site mitigation to be limited to mitigation adjacent to and contiguous with the roadway corridor
Therefore NCDOT can only pursue sites adjacent to the chosen ( LEDPA) corridor and not on any
of the others Existing opportunities included in the EEP Asset Debit Ledger were presented in table
format to the merger team
4
Wetland and pond impacts were summarized at the meeting with detailed tables available in
Appendix A of the informational packet Ms Kovasckitz noted that Alternative M2 +0 has the
highest wetland impacts Alternatives M1 +EH and M1 +U have the lowest wetland impacts Pond
impacts are fairly comparable between the Current DSAs
Ms Kovasckitz then referred to Table 2 in the packet which showed effects to historic properties
The State Historic Preservation Office provided effects determinations at a meeting held on March 8
2011 Avoidance and minimization measures have been incorporated into the design at properties
with effects A review of these additional measures took place on December 13 2011 The effects
determination at Scotts Hill Rosenwald School was revised Mary Pope Furr clarified the
determination is now No Adverse Effect at Scotts Hill Rosenwald School for Alternative U
Alternatives M1 and M2 will have an adverse effect on one historic property and Alternative U will
have an adverse effect on two historic properties None of the other alternatives will affect historic
properties
Ms Kovasckitz reviewed Table 3 from the informational packet NCDOT purchased five sites (a
total of 27 parcels) for wetland and T &E impact mitigation associated with the US 17 Wilmington
Bypass Corbett Tract Corbett Strip Plantation Road 34 acre Residual and 22 acre Residual
NCDOT purchased all land in fee simple and there are no easements on the properties All sites
contain wetlands but only the Corbett Tract has been used for wetland mitigation and its alteration is
prohibited by the USACE s permit for the US 17 Wilmington Bypass All five sites contain rough
leaf loosestrife habitat but only the Corbett Tract and Plantation Road sites have documented
populations at this time Alternatives M1 +EH M1 +R and M1 +U have considerably lower overall
impacts to preservation areas However they have higher impacts to the Corbett Tract Mitigation
Site and Residual Strip Ms Kovasckitz showed a slide illustrating that impacts to the Corbett Tract
and Plantation Road site from Alternatives M1 +EH MI +R M1 +U are predominantly a result of the
additional 25 feet added to the slope stake boundary when calculating impacts Earthwork in this area
is within the existing ROW with the exception of a very tiny piece where the Corbett Tract and
Corbett Strip come together This is a similar situation at the Corbett Strip for Alternative M2 +0
Ms Kovasckitz then summarized information related to federally protected species All of the
alternatives may affect and are likely to adversely affect at least one protected species Protected
species surveys will be updated in the spring of 2012 The USFWS has indicated the biological
conclusion for golden sedge remains to be determined If additional and appropriately tuned surveys
do not reveal any specimens of golden sedge the USFWS has noted they would concur with a "no
effect conclusion for this species Ms Kovasckitz noted the two figures provided with the handout
that showed the location of known occurrences of Cooley s meadowrue and rough leaved loosestnfe
Cooley s meadowrue stems were found in 2009 and 2010 in very close proximity to the right of way
for Alternatives M2 +0 and M1 +R Rough leaved loosestnfe stems were found on the Plantation
Road Mitigation Site A number of stems were found within the right of way for Alternative M2
which would affect Alternatives M2 +0 and M2 +U
Ms Kovasckitz indicated the DEIS stated three transient non community wells would be impacted
by Hampstead Bypass Alternative U Modifications to the design at the Sidbury Road interchange to
avoid direct impacts to historic sites resulted in reducing impacts to these wells to two wells Ms
Kovasckitz then described how the proposed Military Cutoff Extension project is located in a
wellhead protection area for a water treatment plant and associated infrastructure operated by the
Cape Fear Public Utility Authority ( CFPUA) Each CFPUA well is also assigned an individual
wellhead protection radius within that larger area Both alternatives have impacts to CFPUA
5
infrastructure M1 less so Alternatives M1 and M2 are within a 100 foot buffer for two existing well
sites at Site B (one is located in the Peedee aquifer and one in the Castle Hayne aquifer) Ms
Kovasckitz relayed that CFPUA indicated finding a site for the relocation of those wells with suitable
replacement yields could be challenging The alignment of both Alternatives M1 and M2 can be
adjusted to avoid the 100 foot buffer for these wells Alternative M2 is also within a future expansion
area and could result in the relocation of two additional wells
Ms Kovasckitz referred meeting attendees to the updated Table 5 in the handout which showed a
comparison of all of the Current DSAs She reviewed several impact categories
• Relocations The revised table listed business and non profit relocations separately Updated
numbers for business relocations reflected corrections made for Alternatives M1 and M2 In the
DEIS two business displacements were already counted as non profits and a cemetery was
included The revised table also removed one Alternative U business displacement that was in
Scotts Hill Rosenwald School as design revisions now avoid impacts at that site
• Farmlands Farmland impacts were coordinated with the Natural Resources Conservation
Service No Voluntary Agricultural Districts will be impacted
• Forest Impacts shown in the table were updated from the DEIS because one six acre polygon
was double counted for three of the alternatives
• High Quality Waters The table shows impacts to HQW /ORW zones in acres The associated
HQW /ORW streams are located south of US 17 Ms Kovasckitz noted the basin divide ran
fairly close to existing US 17 Chris Mihtscher indicated that should be shown in the FEIS
• Cemeteries Alternatives M1 +U and M2 +U impact five cemeteries The remaining alternatives
impact two cemeteries The DEIS noted access to Prospect Cemetery off of Market Street would
not be permitted from either of the Military Cutoff Road Extension alternatives This was
resolved and access is now provided to the cemetery by both alternatives
Ms Kovasckitz stated that comments on the DEIS were received from a number of agencies and
were included in Appendix C of the packet Comments from the agencies included concerns
regarding right of way width impacts to preservation areas and protected species impacts to farms
and forests water supply, wetland and stream impacts wildlife habitat fragmentation and human
environment impacts Purpose and Need and Detailed Study Alternatives Ms Kovasckitz noted she
hoped that many of the concerns had been addressed in the presentation She requested that the
discussion begin with comments and concerns that needed to be resolved before the selection of a
LEDPA
DISCUSSION
Gary Jordan asked if a 200 foot corridor would be maintained along US 17 in the vicinity of Holly
Shelter Game Land Liz Kovasckitz noted she had intended to clarify in the presentation that
through the RCW foraging habitat for clusters on Holly Shelter Game Land the clearing will be held
to less than 200 feet Mr Jordan asked if a 46 foot median is proposed through RCW foraging
habitat Jay McInnis explained that it is
David Wainwright asked if traffic was seasonal or average annual daily traffic (AADT) Liz
Kovasckitz explained that it is AADT not seasonal
Steve Sollod asked if the transient wells are associated with businesses we are taking It was explained
one of the two affected wells may be associated with a relocation
Scott McLendon asked why a 46 foot median is proposed Mr McInnis explained that although a six
lane facility is needed north of the northern interchange for the bypass only four lanes are proposed
as a minimization measure for the RCW foraging habitat and because the bypass is tying into an
existing four lane road A 46 foot median is proposed in order to allow widening into the median in
the future Mr McInnis said between NC 210 and the northernmost interchange the proposed 46
foot median will allow for a future widening to the inside median if houses and businesses are built
close to the proposed right of way He also explained that a 46 foot median reduces the chance of
head on collisions He mentioned a graph of the number of head on collisions versus median widths
would show a spike in the number of head on collisions with a median width of less than 46 feet Art
McMillan also mentioned that a 46 foot median helps with drainage Mr McLendon wondered why a
22 foot median was not provided now if it is acceptable in the future Mr McInnis explained the
wider median will provide the safety benefits until such time additional lanes are needed
Brad Shaver noted concerns about traffic coming from the north to the schools in Hampstead and
through the neighborhoods southeast of existing US 17 Mr McInnis noted NCDOT is evaluating
other configurations to the proposed northernmost Hampstead interchange to try and address that
issue
Mr Jordan stated USFWS cannot concur with alternatives that include the Military Cutoff Road
Extension M2 alignment due to impacts to rough leaved loosestrife and the Plantation Road
mitigation site The Plantation Road site was part of the Section 7 Consultation for the US 17
Wilmington Bypass and is addressed in the Biological Assessment / Biological Opinion issued for that
project It was noted that if Alternative M2 was selected as LEDPA Section 7 Consultation would
need to be reinitiated
Travis Wilson stated the indirect impacts of not being able to manage the mitigation sites are a
concern Rachelle Beauregard asked if the sites were not being burned because of the soil type It
was noted that management has been hmited because of concerns associated with deep peat soils and
fires reemerging Conditions would need to be just right for a burn Mr Wilson noted peat soils can
be burned in some areas However with the close proximity of the proposed road in relation to the
site it would be less likely There was agreement that micro managing the site would be a possibility
Mr Shaver noted no score or ratings are provided in the tables for streams Mr Shaver indicated he
would like a better evaluation of stream type to help determine magnitude versus quantity of streams
impacted Mark Mickley stated the quality assessment information was included on the DWQ and
USACE stream forms prepared for the project It was determined this information would be added
to the detailed streams table
In regard to the information pertaining to available mitigation from the NC Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (EEP) Scott McLendon noted the White Oak HUC extends all the way into Onslow
County so the mitigation shown on the table for that HUC may not be near the project Mr
McLendon remarked that it is important to make sure there is mitigation available near the project
He indicated an adjacent HUC in the Cape Fear basin should not be discounted Marissa Cox
clarified the EEP mitigation table included in the presentation shows what NCDOT has available at
this time and this information may change as the project progresses She noted EEP mitigation
information does not provide details about specific sites within the HUCs
7
Chris Mihtscher stated he cannot concur on LEDPA until he and people above hum at EPA in
Atlanta further review the effects of the project on public water supplies Mr Mihtscher noted people
are guaranteed a right to water and the proposed infrastructure does not supersede their right to clean
water Mr Militscher indicated he could not find another example of a highway project sponsor
impacting existing municipal wells not could he find an example of a highway project where planned
sites for future municipal water supply wells could be potentially impacted Mr Milntscher stated
threats to the public water supply need to be further investigated and evaluated by NCDOT He
noted concurrence would not occur of the 100 foot well buffers are not avoided Mr McInnis stated
NCDOT can adjust the proposed Military Cutoff Road Extension design to avoid the 100 foot buffer
at well site B Mr Mnhtscher said he would review the new design and give his assessment of the
revision A meeting attendee asked of NCDENR provided comments on the wells Ms Kovasckntz
replied that the Public Water Supply Section did provide comments
Liz Kovasckntz and Jay McInnis discussed the relocation reports and explained that non profit
relocations are included with business relocations in the DEIS They reiterated that an error found in
the relocation report for M1 and M2 decreased business relocations by three for both Military Cutoff
Road Extension alternatives
Mr Milntscher noted that over half of the ponds impacted by the project were stormwater ponds He
indicated NCDOT needs to identify ponds that are permitted Mr Sollod asked what needs to
happen when a stormwater pond is removed David Wainwright stated the pond would need to be
replaced He stated any design changes can be discussed at Concurrence Points 4B & 4C If a
pernutted stormwater pond is impacted the pond (or replacement) will still need to function and be
in compliance with the permit It was noted that calculations in the pernut may be offset by a
reduction in impervious surface of nearby lots are being acquired
Mr Milntscher stated stormwater runoff impacts to retention basins and impacts of a new roadway
will also need to be included in the assessment of impacts to the water supply
Mr Jordan was asked about the potential for a jeopardy call related to RCW impacts He noted
formal Section 7 consultation will begin at Concurrence Point 4A It is possible that RCWs could be
equally impacted by all alternatives Other species have different impacts by alternative He noted
there was still a lot of ongoing activity on the project associated with protected species and he did not
want to be pre decisional
Mr Mnlntscher stated he dndn t think the project was meeting the defined purpose and need which is
to improve the traffic carrying capacity and safety of the US 17 and Market Street corridor in the
project area He noted none of the alternatives appear to raise the level of service on US 17 even
with the Wilmington Bypass project completion Ms Kovasckitz stated that the project meets
purpose and need Roadway capacity is unproved as depicted on Figures 14A through 14D of the
DEIS The figures show level of service in 2035 build conditions Those improvements should be
compared to Figure 5 of the DEIS which shows level of service in 2035 for the No Build condition
Mr Milntscher stated he did not have those figures in his copy of the DEIS Ms Kovasckntz indicated
she would send a copy of the figures to hum
Mr McInnis noted there are differences in traffic service associated with a level of service F that
can range from varying degrees of congestion to complete gridlock The project improves capacity in
the design year The project reduces delays on those sections of US 17 where traffic service demand
exceeds capacity Mr Shaver stated a lot of time was spent looking at this issue during the
D
preparation of the DEIS The traffic operations analysis section of the DEIS was expanded to
include additional explanatory / clarifying text and tables Mr Shaver noted the USACE s Office of
Council supported this approach to documenting an improvement in level of service Mr McLendon
noted traffic projections for the US 17 widening project were reviewed Existing traffic conditions
were compared to what was estimated Mr McLendon noted the numbers for actual versus estimated
were very close
Mr Jordan asked if NCDOT was considering a change in the design of the project north of Topsail
Schools Jay McInnis explained the majority of the comments heard at the Hampstead corridor
hearing were related to the location of the northern interchange Those commenting are concerned
that businesses will suffer due to the lack of access to existing US 17 from the bypass north of the
school Mr McInnis explained alternatives are being explored that would provide access while not
increasing impacts to RCW foraging habitat Any changes to the project in this area will affect all of
the alternatives in the same way since all the alternatives have the same design at the northern tie in
with existing US 17 Mr Jordan requested updated mapping after any revisions to the northern
Hampstead Bypass interchange have been incorporated
Mr McInnis summarized the information the merger team indicated would be needed prior to
concurring on the LEDPA
• Additional information related to public water supply impacts Mr McInnis reiterated that the
design can potentially be shifted to miss the 100 foot well buffers at the water treatment plant
• Relocations Mr Mihtscher indicated he would review the information provided at the meeting
and determine if his concerns had been addressed
• Stormwater ponds (identify which impacted stormwater ponds are permitted)
• Stream quality information
Brad Shaver asked for a copy of the slide presentation Jay McInnis responded that a copy of the
slides would be sent to the merger team
The meeting was adjourned
CORRECTIONS & OMISSIONS This summary is the writer s interpretation of the events
discussions and transactions that took place during the meeting If there are any additions and /or
corrections please inform Kim Gillespie at l lg1llespicgncdot goN or the writer in writing within
seven (7) days