20120026 Ver 1_CAMA Application_20120110

2 ®� 20 0 2 6
0 ; AA NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
Beverly Eaves Perdue Braxton C Davis Dee Freeman
Governor Director C Secretary
January 9 2012
JA N X D
MEMORANDUM�� 0 2012
�3 ft �ENR WATER ���,
TO Cyndi Karoly Supervisor ''" ANOST
401 Oversight & Express Permits Unit oft,,
Division of Water Quality Surface Water Protection
FROM Doug Huggett NC DENR DCM Major Permits Coordinator
400 Commerce Ave Morehead City NC 28557 (Courier 11- 12 -09)
SUBJECT CAMA/Dredge & Fill Major Permit Application Review
Applicant NC Division of Marine Fisheries (c /o Hardy /Francesconi)
Project Location Approx 2 68 nautical miles south of Oak Island, NC within the
Atlantic Ocean Brunswick Co
Proposed Project Applicant proposes to construct an artificial reef (AR 430)
Please indicate below your agency's position or viewpoint on the proposed project and
return this form by February 1, 2012 If you have any questions regarding the proposed
project contact Heather Coats (910)796 -7424 when appropriate in depth comments
with supporting data is requested
REPLY This agency has no objection to the project as proposed
This agency has no comment on the proposed project
This agency approves of the project only if the recommended
changes are incorporated See attached
This agency objects to the project for reasons described in the
attached comments
SIGNED DATE
400 Commerce Ave Morehead City NC 28557 3421
Phone [phone] \ FAX [phone] Internet www nccoastal management net
An Equal Opportunity \ Affirmative Action Employer
NorthCarohna
Natumilif

HCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
Beverly Eaves Perdue Braxton C Davis
Governor Director
MEMORANDUM
TO
FROM
SUBJECT
Applicant
Project Location
January 9 2012
Jessi O Neal Baker
Division of Marine Fisheries
Dee Freeman
Secretary
Doug Huggett NC DENR DCM Mayor Permits Coordinator
400 Commerce Ave Morehead City, NC 28557 (Courier 11- 12 -09)
CAMA/Dredge & Fill Major Permit Application Review
NC Division of Marine Fisheries (c /o Hardy /Francesconi)
Approx 2 68 nautical miles south of Oak Island NC within the
Atlantic Ocean Brunswick Co
Proposed Project Applicant proposes to construct an artificial reef (AR 430)
Please indicate below your agency's position or viewpoint on the proposed project and
return this form by February 1, 2012 If you have any questions regarding the proposed
project contact Heather Coats (910)796 -7424 when appropriate in depth comments
with supporting data is requested
REPLY This agency has no objection to the project as proposed
This agency has no comment on the proposed project
This agency approves of the project only if the recommended
changes are incorporated See attached
This agency objects to the project for reasons described in the
attached comments
SIGNED DATE
400 Commerce Ave Morehead City NC 28557 3421
Phone, 252 808 2808 \ FAX [phone] Internet www nccoastalmanaaement net One
An Equal Opportunity \ Affirmative Action Employer NorthCarohna
NaturallY

DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
FIELD INVESTIGATION REPORT
I APPLICANT'S NAME NC Division of Marine Fisheries c/o Harry Hardy /James Francesconi
2 LOCATION OF PROJECT SITE Approximately 2 68 nautical miles south of Oak Island Brunswick County
within the Atlantic Ocean
Photo Index — NOT AVAILBLE
State Plane Coordinates — NOT AVAILABLE
Lat 33 °52 114 N Long 78 °10 00 W
3 INVESTIGATION TYPE CAMA/ Dredge & Fill ROVER FILE # N/A
4 INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURE Dates of Site Visit — N/A
Was Applicant Present — N/A
5 PROCESSING PROCEDURE Application Received —Complete on 12/21/11
Office Wilmington
6 SITE
DESCRIPTION
(A)
Local Land Use Plan — N/A
Land Classification From LUP — N/A
(B)
AEC(s) Involved PTA EW
(C)
Water Dependent Yes
(D)
Intended Use Public
(E)
Wastewater Treatment Existing — N/A
Planned — N/A
(F)
Type of Structures Existing —None
Planned — Artificial Reef
(G)
Estimated Annual Rate of Erosion N/A
Source N/A
7 HABITAT DESCRIPTION
8
[AREA]
nR Pnr.P I RTT T RT N nTUL n
(A) Vegetated Wetlands
(B) Non Vegetated Wetlands
(Open Water
—18 acres
(C) High Ground
(D) Total Area Disturbed —18 acres
(E) Pnmary Nursery Area No
(F) Water Classification SB Open No
PROJECT SUMMARY The applicant is proposing to construct an artificial reef (AR 430)

NC Division of Marine Fisheries c/o Harry Hardy /James Francesconi
Page 2
9 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project site is located in deep water approximately 2 68 nautical miles south of Oak Island
Brunswick County within the Atlantic Ocean The center of the site is located at 33° 52 190'N and
7890 000 W The entire site encompasses approximately 162 acres in area or a circle with a diameter
of 3 000 feet It is located approximately 270 to the west of an area named Middleton Rock Substrate
at the site was found by the applicant to consist of 2 to 5 5 of sandy bottom over limestone rock
The waters of the Atlantic Ocean are classified as SB by the NC Division of Water Quality and they are
not designated as Primary Nursery Area (PNA) by the NC Division of Marine Fisheries
PROPOSED PROJECT
The North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries is seeking authorization to construct an artificial reef
(AR 430) consisting of two high density fields and two low density fields of reinforced concrete pipe
(RCP) within a circular project area measuring 3 000 feet in diameter
The two high density fields would be located in the center of each of the two northern quadrants These
two fields would measure 75 in length by 75 in width with a maximum of 16 in height Two low
density fields are proposed in the two southern quadrants of the project area The low density fields
would measure 300 in length by 100 in width by 6 in height All of the fields would be constructed
from RCP ranging from 18 to 48 in diameter and would measure 4 8 in length Approximately 500
tons of pipe would be utilized at each of the fields for a total of 2 000 tons The majority of the pipe
would be used factory reject pipe with approximately 24 tons of clean post use DOT pipe The fields
would all be located in water with an approximate depth of 36 below Mean Low Water (MLW)
allowing for a mimmum of 20 of clearance at low water The center of the site would be marked with a
12 yellow spar can buoy equipped with an internal radar reflector and reflective bands marked with
"NC Division of Marine Fisheries 1 800 682 2632' and the Sportsfish Restoration and Coastal
Recreational Fishing License logos The buoy will be anchored with 1 1/8 chain and a 2 000 4 000
pound concrete sinker
10 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS
Approximately 18 acres of Public Trust Area and Estuarine Waters would be filled as a result of this
project Temporary increases in turbidity could be expected to result from the project It does not appear
that the project would cause a hazard to navigation
Submitted by Heather Coats Date 1/6/2012 Office Wilmington

Project Narrative
AR -430
NC Division of Marine Fisheries
Artificial Reef Project
Utilizing Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Funding Coastal Recreational Fishing License Grant
North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) is the permit holder for all artificial reefs in
North Carolina (Chart 1) In addition to the US Army Corp of Engineers General permit # 198500194
(expiration 31 2016) this herein proposed artificial reef requires a CAMA permit because it is
proposed for placement in the Estuarine and Ocean System AEC off Brunswick County
Since 1984 the Long Bay Artificial Reef Association ( LBARA) has been either the predominant
or the only consistent driving force behind the artificial reef system (7 reefs) of Brunswick County
Through their fund raising material handling coordination with DMF and promoting the artificial reefs
off Brunswick County their program has lead other artificial reef interest through example
LBARA is submitting a grant proposal to obtain Coastal Recreational Fishing License (CRFL)
funding of the initial development of a new artificial reef within state waters in the Atlantic Ocean near
the mouth of the Cape Fear River (Chart 2) Upon approval of the CRFL Grant and requested
funding material will be ordered and marine contractors will be identified and hired to perform the
work Contractors cannot be identified at this time because the grant has not been approved Grants
will be reviewed during January and February 2012 and projects can begin July 1 2012 The
commencement of work will hopefully occur in the summer 2012 with the deployment in the fall at the
soonest Should this project not receive CRFL funding the LBARA will seek the same funding in the
following year or pursue other funding sources Their success with a similar project in federal waters
in 2010 has provided the DMF confidence in their ability The 2010 CRFL project will be a template
for this project and many specifications and the photos (Photos 4a 10) and side scan images
(Images 1 and 2) included herein are from that project
This circular design reef will be sized like the most contemporary NC artificial reefs being 3000
feet in diameter and encompassing 162 acres (Chart 3) The reef entirety is within state waters by
570 feet from the 3 nautical mile (nm) state boundary to the south The buoy (Photo 1) for the reef
site will mark the center of site The material placements for this reef will incorporate a design
concept based on the sediment depth presently on the site This sediment was quantified through a
scuba dive assessment of the proposed site on August 18 2010 (Chart 4 SSS) Sediment depths
were —2+ ft on the south side to —5 5 ft on the north side This sediment is overlaying limestone rock
typical of the area The entire site was evaluated using side scan SONAR by DMF artificial reef
personnel and no rock out crops supportive of live bottom was found on the proposed permitted site
(Chart 4 SSS) Middleton Rock an area of about 225 x 450 feet is located 270 feet to the east of the
eastern most boundary of the proposed site (Chart 4 SSS) Middleton Rock was dived on during the
site inspection and found to have 3 foot high relief and supported many large sheepshead juvenile
and adult black sea bass and juvenile gag (grouper) This finding of species utilization in the area is
encouraging and suggests that artificial reef construction will have similar results
The intended use of this reef is for recreational hook and line fishing Two neighboring reefs
are AR -425 Yaupon Beach Reef 2 7 nm NE of this location and AR 420 Tom McGlammery Reef
3 0 nm E of this location The need for this reef site development is because these two neighboring
- � s
1-vc L, 1� 21",

reefs have experienced severe overcrowding during peak fishing activity days (Photo 2) As
example 84 recreational fishing vessels were counted fishing on the Yaupon Beach Reef site on a
recent July 4th Since Yaupon Beach Reef is the closest to the Cape Fear River Inlet and is a
productive fishing destination for king mackerel flounder and Atlantic spadefish fishing It is a top
visited reef in North Carolina Tom McGlammery Reef receives much of the overflow from Yaupon
Beach Reef and is also a heavily visited reef in its own right
The high numbers of fishers on these two reefs creates two problems The first is that during
the peak periods the congestion on the reef sites can present problems associated with anchoring or
drift fishing Second the reef can get heavily exploited of the target species and experience
temporary localized depletion thereby diminishing fishing success and thus the fishing experience
This proposed reef will relieve congestion and user pressure on the Yaupon Beach and Tom
McGlammery reefs
The LBARA proposes the utilization of reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) for the creation of two
high relief concentrated high density fields (Chart 4 HD) and two low relief widely dispersed low
density fields (Chart 4 LD) for this project under CRFL funding and reserves the ability to perform the
planned project regardless of funding source through the life of the permit Any future development
using materials such as RCP Reef Balls (pre cast reef modules) or vessels of the reef beyond that
outlined herein and within the life of this permit application will be pursued through the permit
modification process All material will be free of petroleum products and other materials excluded by
the NC Artificial Reef Master Plan and NC Division of Water Quality for use in artificial reef
construction The DMF will deploy and /or oversee all material placement operations on the reef site
to insure that materials are deployed in the permitted area and as per the design
A public hearing was held on October 12 2009 in Southport NC The attendance was
exceptionally large for a reef meeting with 39 attendees from the recreational fishing community
including Marine Fishieries Council members Town of Oak Island members and a couple of diving
interest mambers The concept was well received supported overall and without objection Two
local television and two new paper reporters were in attendence
All material characteristics and any supporting documentation are included in this narrative
and permit application All datum and tidal levels (MLLW and MWL) are calculated from information
on NOS Chart #11536
2
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AR-430
Proposed Reef Location
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Artificial Reef Application Permit
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Photo 5 This is the first 500 ton load of RCP heading to AR 440 for deployment This photo
was taken in the mouth of the Cape Fear River
Photo 6 The same 500 ton load of RCP in the ocean heading to AR 440 for deployment end
view of barge
� � s
z
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Photo 7 Side view of barge of first 500 ton load of RCP heading to AR 440 for deployment
DEC 0 5 201!
14
I( C, Oki If V( . J+'gjIj �I(jjV J�

Photo 8 Last 500 ton load of RCP being positioned for deployment on AR-440 with DMF vessel
on site placing buoys
Photo 9 Contractors on barge unloading barge with forklift
r 4 a
�- ,
'
Photo 10 Last load of 24 RCP being deployed on AR 440 '
ijCJ ?+
15
1 Af {9c i6

Image 1 AR 440 High Density Pipe Field developed during LBARA CRFL 2010
rjv) l Jr
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Image 2 AR-460 Low Density Pipe Field developed during LBARA CRFL 2010
EC h
17

Dom MP 1
APPLICATION for
Major lovelopment Permit
(last revised 12127/06)
North Carolina DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
1 Primary Applicant/ Landowner Information
Business Name
Project Name (if applicable)
Nc Division Of Marine Fisheries
AR 430
Last Name
Applicant 1 First Name
MI
Last Name
Mailing Address
Harry
C
Hardy
State
ZIP
Applicant 2 First Name
MI
Last Name
Phone No 2
ext
James
J
Francesconi
Street Address (if different from above)
If additional applicants please attach an additional page(s) with names listed
City
State
Mailing Address
PO Box
City
State
769
Morehead City
NC
ZIP
Country
e No
FAX No
28557 0769
Carteret =252
726
7021 ext 8063
252
726 9218
Street Address (if different from above)
City
State
ZIP
3441 Arendell Street
Morehead City
NC
28557 0769
Email
craig hardy @ncdenr gov jim francesconi @ncdenr gov
2 Agent/Contractor Information
Business Name
N/A As Work Is Not Yet Funded And Bid Has Not Been Let
Agent/ Contractor 1 First Name
MI
Last Name
Agent/ Contractor 2 First Name
MI
Last Name
Mailing Address
PO Box
City
State
ZIP
Phone No 1
ext
Phone No 2
ext
FAX No
Contractor #
Street Address (if different from above)
City
State
ZIP
Email
<Form continues on back>
DEC 1) 4 201)
N
252 808 2808 1 888 4RCOAST ww ry nccoastalrnanagernent net

Form DCM MP 1 (Page 2 of 5)
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
3 Project Location
County (can be multiple)
Street Address
State Rd #
Brunswick
N/A
N/A
Subdivision Name
City
State
Zip
N/A
Oak Island (nearest)
NC
28465
Phone No
Lot No (s) (if many attach additional page with list)
N/A ext
N/A
a In which NC river basin is the project located?
b Name of body of water nearest to proposed project
N/A
Atlantic Ocean centered 2 68 nm south of Oak Island
c Is the water body identified in (b) above natural or manmade?
d Name the closest major water body to the proposed project site
®Natural []Manmade ❑Unknown
Atlantic Ocean
e Is proposed work within city limits or planning jurisdiction?
f If applicable list the planning jurisdiction or city limit the proposed
❑Yes ®No
work falls within
i Is the proposed project consistent with the applicable zoning?
State Waters
4
Site Descnphon
a
Total length of shoreline on the tract (ft )
b Size of entire tract (sq ft )
N/A
7 068 583 proposed (162 acres)
c
Size of individual lot(s)
d Approximate elevation of tract above NHW (normal high water) or
(N /A
NWL (normal water level)
(If many lot sizes please attach additional page with a list)
0 ®NHW or ®NWL
e
Vegetation on tract
None
f
Man made features and uses now on tract
None
g
Identify and describe the existing land uses adjacent to the proposed project site
Residental and Commercial
h
How does local government zone the tract?
i Is the proposed project consistent with the applicable zoning?
N/A
(Attach zoning compliance certificate if applicable)
❑Yes ❑No ®NA
j
Is the proposed activity part of an urban waterfront redevelopment proposal? ❑Yes ®No
k
Hasa professional archaeological assessment been done for the tract? If yes attach a copy ❑Yes ®No DNA
If yes by whom?
I
is the proposed project located in a National Registered Historic District or does it involve a ❑Yes ❑No ®NA
National Register listed or eligible property?
<Form continues on next page>
J
t'a i'

Form DCM MP 1 (Page 3 of 5)
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
m (i) Are there wetlands on the site? []Yes ®No
(n) Are there coastal wetlands on the site? ❑Yes ®No
(iii) If yes to either (i) or (u) above has a delineation been conducted) ❑Yes ❑No
(Attach documentation if available)
n Describe existing wastewater treatment facilities
N/A
o Describe existing drinking water supply source
N/A
p Describe existing storm water management or treatment systems
N/A
5 Activities and Impacts
a Will the project be for commeraal public or private use? ❑Commercial ®Public/Government
❑Private /Community
b Give a brief description of purpose use and daily operations of the project when complete
Provide habitat for recreationally and commercially important finfish species These structures will provide essential fish
habitat for juvenile and adult life stages of finfish crustaceans and invertebrates Anticipated activities include recreational
fishing and scuba diving
c Describe the proposed construction methodology types of construction equipment to be used during construction the number of each type
of equipment and where it is to be stored
A commercially contracted barge and tug will hold a position prescribed by the NC Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF)
Artificial Reef personnel Required on site will be DMF artificial reef staff on site during all deployments to mark deployment
location and monitor activities Four barge loads (2 000 tons total) of unused factory reject and an estimated 24 tons of post
use DOT pipe included in the total has been identified for use in this project This material will be deployed by pushing or off
loading with a forklift All material (pipe) will be made available for inspection by DWQ for cleanliness
d List all development activities you propose
During this project reef site AR-430 will receive four (4) 500 ton deployments of RCP in four (4) distinct patch reefs Two
(2) reefs will be a High Density High Relief reef about 75 ft (L) x 75 ft (WW) x 12 ft (H) and a two (2) Low Density Dispersed
reef about 300 ft (L) x 100 ft (WW) x 6 ft (H) There will be four barge loading and deployment events originating from the State
Port Wilmington where the RCP will be staged DMF reef staff will provide buoys to delineate the deployment area
e Are the proposed activities maintenance of an existing project new work or both? New work
f What is the approximate total disturbed land area resulting from the proposed project? High Density RCP (2 fields) about 0 3
Low Density RCP (2 fields) about 15
Total 1 8
❑Sq Ft or ®Acres
g Will the proposed project encroach on any public easement public accessway or other area ®Yes []No ❑NA
that the public has established use of?
h Describe location and type of existing and proposed discharges to waters of the state
This is a new project All discharges into the ocean are described herein based on a previous similar project
% r " F
i Will wastewater or stormwater be discharged into a wetland? T i ❑ er; ' ❑No 0 N
If yes will this discharged water be of the same salinity as the receiving water ?) SOY Ms ❑No ®NA
I Is there any mitigation proposed? r [)Yes []No [DNA
If yes attach a mitigation proposal
252 FOS 2808 J bar- 4 300 t, ,�,btRd-1 -1��tU e teak- ^mt

Form DCM MP 1 (Page 4 of 5)
<Form continues on back>
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
6 Additional Information
In addition to this completed application form (MP 1) the following items below if applicable must be submitted in order for the application
package to be complete Items (a) — (f) are always applicable to any major development application Please consult the application
instruction booklet on how to properly prepare the required items below
a A project narrative
b An accurate dated work plat (including plan view and cross sectional drawings) drawn to scale Please give the present status of the
proposed project Is any portion already complete? If previously authorized work clearly indicate on maps plats drawings to distinguish
between work completed and proposed
c A site or location map that is sufficiently detailed to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the site
d A copy of the deed (with state application only) or other instrument under which the applicant claims title to the affected properties
e The appropriate application fee Check or money order made payable to DENR
f A list of the names and complete addresses of the adjacent waterfront (riparian) landowners and signed return receipts as proof that such
owners have received a copy of the application and plats by certified mail Such landowners must be advised that they have 30 days in
which to submit comments on the proposed project to the Division of Coastal Management
Name N/A Phone No
Address
Name N/A Phone No
Address
Name N/A Phone No
Address
g A list of previous state or federal permits issued for work on the project tract Include permit numbers permittee and issuing dates
US ACE General Permit # 198500194 Eff Date 1 1 2011 Exp Date 12 31 2016
h Signed consultant or agent authorization form if applicable
i Wetland delineation if necessary
j A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in oceanfront and inlet areas (Must be signed by property owner)
k A statement of compliance with the N C Environmental Policy Act (N C G S 113A 1 10) if necessary If the project involves expenditure
of public funds or use of public lands attach a statement documenting compliance with the North Carolina Environmental Policy Act
7 Certification and Permission to Enter on Land
I understand that any permit issued in response to this application will allow only the development described in the application
The project will be subject to the conditions and restrictions contained in the permit
I certify that I am authorized to grant and do in fact grant permission to representatives of state and federal review agencies to
enter on the aforementioned lands in connection with evaluating information related to this permit application and follow up
monitoring of the project
I further certify that the information provided in this application is truthful to the best of my knowledge
Date December 1 2011 Print Name _Harry C Hardy
Signature
Please indicate application attachments pertaining to your proposed project
®DCM MP 2 Excavation and Fill Information ❑DCM MP 5 Bridges and Culverts
❑DCM MP 3 Upland Development +~ a
❑DCM MP-4 Structures Information
C'?

Form DCM MP 2
EXCAVATION and FILL
(Except for budges and culverts)
Attach this form to Joint Application for CAMA Major Permit Form DCM MP 1 Be sure to complete all other sections of the Joint
Application that relate to this proposed project Please include all supplemental information
Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation and /or fill activities All values should be given in feet
9 EXCAVATION ®This section not applicable
a Amount of material to be excavated from below NHW or NWL in b Type of material to be excavated
cubic yards
C (i) Does the area to be excavated include coastal wetlands/marsh
(CW) submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) shell bottom (SB)
or other wetlands (WL)? if any boxes are checked provide the
number of square feet affected
❑CW ❑SAV ❑SS
OWL ❑None
(n) Describe the purpose of the excavation in these areas
d High ground excavation in cubic yards
2 DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL ®This section not applicable
a Location of disposal area b Dimensions of disposal area
c (i) Do you claim title to disposal area? d (i) Will a disposal area be available for future maintenance?
❑Yes ❑No ❑NA ❑Yes ❑No ❑NA
(u) If no attach a letter granting permission from the owner (n) If yes where?
e (i) Does the disposal area include any coastal wetlands /marsh f (i) Does the disposal include any area in the water?
(CW) submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) shell bottom (SB) ❑Yes []No ❑NA
or other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked provide the
number of square feet affected (n) If yes how much water area is affected;
❑CW ❑SAV ❑SB
OWL ❑None
r ,+
Access
Other
Channel
Canal
Boat Basin
Boat Ramp
Rock Groin
Rock
(excluding
(NLW or
Breakwater
shoreline
NWL )
stabilization
HD field 75 ft
Length
LD field 300 ft
HD field 75 ft
Width
LD field 100 ft
Avg Existing
36 ft @
Depth
NA
NA
MLLW
Minimum
Allowable
Final Project
Vertical
Depth
NA
NA
Clearance is
20 ft actual
clearance will
be 24 30 ft
9 EXCAVATION ®This section not applicable
a Amount of material to be excavated from below NHW or NWL in b Type of material to be excavated
cubic yards
C (i) Does the area to be excavated include coastal wetlands/marsh
(CW) submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) shell bottom (SB)
or other wetlands (WL)? if any boxes are checked provide the
number of square feet affected
❑CW ❑SAV ❑SS
OWL ❑None
(n) Describe the purpose of the excavation in these areas
d High ground excavation in cubic yards
2 DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL ®This section not applicable
a Location of disposal area b Dimensions of disposal area
c (i) Do you claim title to disposal area? d (i) Will a disposal area be available for future maintenance?
❑Yes ❑No ❑NA ❑Yes ❑No ❑NA
(u) If no attach a letter granting permission from the owner (n) If yes where?
e (i) Does the disposal area include any coastal wetlands /marsh f (i) Does the disposal include any area in the water?
(CW) submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) shell bottom (SB) ❑Yes []No ❑NA
or other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked provide the
number of square feet affected (n) If yes how much water area is affected;
❑CW ❑SAV ❑SB
OWL ❑None
r ,+

Fotrn DUO NIP 2 4,- _- I
(it) Describe the purpose of disposal in these areas
a Type of shoreline stabilization b Length
❑Bulkhead ❑Riprap ❑Breakwater /Sill []Other Width
c Average distance waterward of NHW or NWL d Maximum distance waterward of NHW or NWL
e Type of stabilization material f (Q Has there been shoreline erosion during preceding 12
months?
❑Yes ❑No ❑NA
(n) If yes state amount of erosion and source of erosion amount
information
g Number of square feet of fill to be placed below water level h Type of fill material
Bulkhead backfill Riprap
Breakwater /Sill Other
I Source of fill material
4 OTHER FILL ACTIVITIES ❑This section not applicable
(Excluding Shoreline Stabilization)
a (i) Will fill material be brought to the site? ®Yes []No ❑NA b (i) Will fill material be placed in coastal wetlands /marsh (CW)
If yes
(n) Amount of material to be placed in the water
1 2000 tons of reinforced concrete pipe, ranging in size from
21 inch to 66 inch outside diameter x 4 8 ft Iona
(m) Dimensions of fill area Total Permitted Area Circle with a
radius of 500 yd
Depth ranae of site = 33 to 37 ft 20 ft Minimum Vertical
Clearance
(iv) Purpose of fill
To create marine resources habitat for the enhancemnt of
recreational fishing opportunities
submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) shell bottom (513) or
other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked provide the
number of square feet affected
❑CW ❑SAV ❑SB
❑WL ®None
(n) Describe the purpose of the fill in these areas
N/A
DEC X01
A 4 A
5 GENERAL
a How will excavated or fill material be kept on site and erosion b What type of construction equipment will be used (e g dragline
controlled? backhoe or hydraulic dredge)?
The weight of the fill material is 2 2 times water weight fill material Barges with push /tug boats forklifts front end loaders and/or
will partially subside into the substrate Minimum weight 11080 excavators working onboard vessels to deploy materials
lb maximum weight 7200 lb Materials are common to artificial
reef development and have proved to be durable and stable
c (i) Will navigational aids be required as a result of the project? d (i) Will wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment to project
®Yes ❑No ❑NA site? ❑Yes ®No ❑NA
(n) If yes explain what type and how they will be implemented (u) If yes explain steps that will be taken to avoid or minimize
�r2 303 _008 0 a 3 R 3 5 _ +_ — _ - -- revised 12/26/016

Forrn LDCM IMP 2 (E)(ca a }rc- and Fill, Page 3 of 3)
This site will be marked with one (1) yellow spar (can) buoy of the
same design as other buoys currently in use in the NC ocean
artificial reef marking system Buoys are constructed of closed
cell foam with steel hardware are 12 ft long with 5 1/2 ft to 6 ft
exposed above the water and secured with 1 1/8 chain and
2000 -4000 lb concrete sinker Buoys are equipped with an
internal radar reflector and reflective bands The buoy will mark
the permitted reef site center Each buoy will bare the following
markings
AR-430
North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries
1 800 682 2632
A Sportfish Restoration logo and a Coastal Recreational
Fishing License logo will also be displayed
December 1 2011
Date
AR-430
Project Name
NC Division of Marine Fisheries
Applicant Name
Harry C Hardy
Appl,icaj Signature _
environmental impacts
DEC 0 S 2011
C q�lI Wr N94k '4 G, '�)J\ '.pk
2 ,32 308 -SCd 1 888 4RCW -b i I _J -r= -nom a '11-1 3? v revised 12/26/06

NC DMF Artificial Reef Program
Review of Artificial Reef
Siting Procedures
A synopsis of objectives methods and materials and impacts for sitting a nearshore ocean
artificial reef in Long Bay North Carolina AR 430
Gregory W Bodnar Christopher F Jensen and lames J Francesconi DEC 2 8 2019
10/20/2011
DCM WILMINGTON NC

Table of Contents
Section 1
Background
Section 2
Sitting Methods
Section 3
3
F11
Essential Fish Habitat, Habitat Areas of Particular
Concerns and Managed Species 6
Section 4
Ocean Reef Material Categories 14
Literature Cited 18
This document is intended for use by multiple agencies and organizations as a
reference guide and therefore all sections may not be applicable Frequent updates of
this document are expected to address individual reef site uniqueness
Page 12

Section 1
Background
The re drafted Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Public
Law 94 265) calls for direct action to stop or reverse the continued loss of fish habitat stating
that habitat is an important component of comprehensive fishery management programs
Congress mandated that the identification of habitats was essential to manage species and
measures must be taken to conserve and enhance the identified habitat The Act requires
cooperation among multiple agencies including National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and
the regional Fishery Management Councils to protect conserve and enhance essential fish
habitat Congress defined essential fish habitat (EFH) for federally managed fish species as
those waters and substrate necessary to fish for spawning breeding feeding or growth to
maturity Locally the State of North Carolina has noted in the Coastal Habitat and Protection
Plan (CHPP) a research need for more baseline data on juvenile abundances specifically on
shell bottom areas (Street et al 2005)
Enhanced reef habitat (artificial reefs and oyster sanctuaries) can be wide ranging in
materials from concrete and shipwrecks to naturally occurring materials like shell and marl
These materials provide suitable substrate for colonization of flora and fauna
Currently the State of North Carolina maintains 39 ocean and 8 estuarine artificial fishing
reef locations (Chart 1) These reefs range from the SC /NC to NCNA borders ranging from 1 to
30 nautical miles (nm) from shore in Pamlico and Albemarle sounds and the Neuse Pamlico
and New rivers The following information has been developed for a proposed ocean reef
herein referred to as AR 430 (Chart 2) Centered 2 6 nm due south of Oak Island NC in
Brunswick County construction of this reef is expected to fulfill the following goals of providing
increased habitat for important finfish and invertebrates relieve recreational fishing pressure on
two nearby artificial reefs thereby increasing overall fisher satisfaction This reef as proposed is
within North Carolina state waters in 36 ft of water on a 2 5 ft deep sand bottom overlaying a
limestone base All bottom is non vegetated and without benthic sessile organisms For further
information on location and specific enhancement plans for this proposed reef (AR 430) please
review the accompanying CAMA documentation
Objectives
Maintaining a successful system of artificial reefs in the ocean waters has been a NC
endeavor for nearly forty years Currently the use of appropriated state funding is directed for
the enhancement of estuarine finfish and oyster resource needs Through the Coastal
Recreational Fishing License (CRFL) a new opportunity to fund development of ocean fishing
reefs exists These funds are administered from the receipts of license holders for the purpose
of research and manners of accessibility The construction of this reef comes directly from
these CRFL funds and uses donated materials through contributions from civic groups and
businesses throughout North Carolina and adjacent states The materials for the initial portion
of the project will use time tested materials known to provide the basis of a future thriving
ecosystem Concrete pipe has been used in nearshore and offshore NC ocean waters with
success for over 15 years in NC (See Reef Material Categories) This nearshore ocean reef
will provide accessible coastal fishing opportunities to anglers while providing EFH to juvenile
and sublegal estuarine dependent finfish emigrating to the ocean and multiple life histories of
Page 13

ocean dependent finfish species as well as providing hard substrate for a variety of sessile
invertebrates All necessary permits and compliance approvals will be obtained before
construction begins This document outlines this project from inception through any
enhancements
Section 2
Sitting Methods
Artificial reef construction can be wide ranging in material types from concrete
modules to steel shipwrecks and naturally occurring materials like shell and marl In this project
the proposed material is reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) ranging in size from 15 48 ID x 8
and 48 72 x 4 length Weights will range from 1080 to 8220 lb Commercial marine
contractors will be used for the deployment of this material Other secondary vessels such as
the DMF artificial reef programs reef survey vessel will be onsite during the four deployments of
this initial construction phase and any additional construction activities to ensure proper
positioning of this material
Prior to any construction plans a side scan SONAR mosaic of the site was performed
and reviewed to identify possible areas of live bottom or archeology interest within the
proposed construction area and now were found The side scan sonar survey was performed to
assure the avoidance of a reported natural rock in the vicinity This is Middleton Rock which lies
to the east of the proposed site boundaries Four dives (scuba) were performed to obtain
sediment depth samples and to inspect the functionality of Middleton Rock Sediment (sand)
depth in the north half of the site is in excess of five feet gradually decreasing to 1 2 ft in the
southern portion of the reef Middleton Rock showed to be functioning very well with 2 3 ft relief
and supporting many juvenile and adult black sea bass juvenile gag (grouper) and adult (very
large) sheepshead indicating the conditions in the area are conducive for meeting the
objectives stated above
Particular interest has been given to the following criteria 1) Proximity to existing EFH
The main objective to reef construction is to supplement existing EFH with manmade materials
This would be counter productive if existing natural EFH was damaged during the process All
efforts will be made to place material and new estuarine reefs sites in acceptable areas by using
the CAMA review process 2) Availability of suitable materials Material selection is a process
that takes into account all the criteria mentioned here in addition to stability /durability and
bottom type Stability /durability is a concern in any reef construction project The most optimal
site is one that satisfies the definition of EFH over the longest timeframe possible Events such
as hurricanes prevailing winds and current movement are taken into account at each site
Bottom type is also crucial in that sitting a material on the wrong bottom type will reduce its
stability /durability and effectiveness as EFH 3) Dominant finfish composition Materials that
best fit certain metrics of habitat complexity could be identified for a dominant species 4) Water
quality factors such as hypoxic /anoxic events and other events of poor water quality can
severely reduce the effectiveness of EFH 5) Geographical location Commercial fishing
interests mayor waterways and other anthropogenic conflicts will shape the process of
enhancing /enlarging existing reefs and the sitting of potential new reef sites
Page 14

Site Evaluation Methods
GIS will be utilized to develop a comprehensive data set of all existing and
proposed involvement
a existing EFH will be documented
b side scan pre mission planning
c production of visual references for regulation and permitting
2 Potential site including surrounding bottom will be side scanned to create a
comprehensive mosaic of site area
a items to be identified
i existing material
ii permitted reef site
iii potential expansion dimensions
iv unknown objects identified
3 Bottom typing will be utilized to create a mosaic of bottom type
4 Development of sampling matrix for site
a sampling stations will be identified through side scan and GIS
i unknown objects
n sediment type (depth and extent)
5 Visual confirmation through SCUBA and video
a divers or drop video will confirm all unknown objects and sediment type for
each sampling station identified
i water quality at surface and bottom
1 salinity dissolved oxygen temperature secchi disk
ii object type
iii water depth
iv predominant sediment type
v predominant sediment depth (up to 7 feet)
6 Materials will be identified based on
a availability
b sediment type
c durability and stability
7 All data will be utilized in GIS to develop comprehensive map of proposed
construction
Sating methods
After site evaluations and material identification has been approved sitting of reef
materials will begin As previously mentioned the primary construction will be performed by a
marine contractor Though no specific marine contractor has been identified for this project a
Page 15

similar project was completed in October 2010 and is the template The process is outlined with
examples of the 2010 project in the CAMA Permit Application
• Site evaluations and side scan sonar mosaics of reef site are used to determine
appropriate sitting sites within reef boundaries GPS coordinates are identified to develop
a patch reef site
• Support vessels deploy high profile visual marking floats to identify deployment locations
• GPS onboard deployment support vessel is used to identify positions for deployment
• Artificial Reef personnel continually monitor location of deployment vessel to insure
accuracy
• The deployment support vessel may use onboard side imaging sonar or side scan sonar
equipment to accurately mark boundaries of patch reef and gather accurate GPS
numbers to add to database
Section 3
Essential Fish Habitat, Habitat Areas of
Particular Concerns and Managed Species
Table 1 shows the categories of EFH and Habitat Areas of Particular Concern (HAPC)
for managed species which were identified in the Fishery Management Plan Amendments of the
South Atlantic Fishery Management Council ( SAFMC) and which may occur in southeastern
Atlantic states Table 2 lists fish species by life history stages which may occur in the vicinity of
the project area and are managed under SAFMC Specific fish and invertebrate species likely
associated with the reef site during one or more of the species life history stages are listed in
Table 3 These fish species and habitats require special consideration to promote their viability
and sustamability The potential impacts of the proposed action on these fish and habitats can
be seen in Table 1 and are discussed below
Nearshore Ocean Water Column
The nearshore ocean water column is defined as a medium of transport for nutrients
larvae and migrating organisms between river systems and the open ocean The impact of this
project is expected to be permanent and utilize space within the water column which may in turn
alter currents and velocities in the immediate vicinity This project will not impede the flow of
waters to or from wetland areas nor the ocean waters This project intends to add hard
substrate on which multiple organisms including encrusting species (algae oysters mussels
tunicates corals etc) motile invertebrates (crabs) and finfish (both transient and resident
species) may utilize at multiple life stages from spawn through adult The addition of hard
substrate will enhance the available habitat used by the finfish assemblages and the associated
encrusting community Increasing the available habitat will help increase the available stock of
reef associated species Any impacts on the epibenthic community are expected to be minimal
and short term
Page 16

Table 1 Categories of Essential Fish Habitat and Habitat Areas of Particular Concern in
Southbast United States (1) (N /A= Not Applicable NS = Not Significant)
ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT
Present within
or adjacent to
project area
Impacts from
enhancement of ocean
artificial reefs
Estuarine Areas
1 Aquatic Beds
N/A
N/A
2 Estuarine Emergent Wetlands
N/A
N/A
3 Estuarine Scrub /shrub Mangroves
N/A
N/A
4 Estuarine Water Column
N/A
N/A
5 Intertidal Flats
N/A
N/A
6 Oyster Reefs & Shell Banks
N/A
N/A
7 Palustrine Emergent & Forested Wetlands
N/A
N/A
8 Seagrass
N/A
N/A
Marine Areas
9 Artificial /Manmade Reefs
YES
NO
10 Coral & Coral Reefs
NO
N/A
11 Live /Hard Bottoms
YES
NS
12 Sargassum
NO
N/A
13 Water Column
YES
Permanent
Page 17

Table 1 cont Categories of Essential Fish Habitat and Habitat Areas of Particular Concern in
Southeast United States (') (N /A = Not Applicable NS = Not Significant)
GEOGRAPHICALLY DENFINED HABITAT
AREAS OF PARTICULAR CONCERN
Present within
or adjacent to
project area
Impacts from
enhancement of ocean
artificial reefs
Area Wide
14 Council designated Artificial Reef
Special Management Zones
NO
N/A
15 Hermatypic (reef forming) Coral Habitat &
Reefs
NO
N/A
16 Hard Bottoms
YES
NO
17 Hoyt Hills
NO
N/A
18 Sargassum Habitat
NO
N/A
19 State designated Areas Important for
Managed Species
NO
N/A
20 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation(SAV)
NO
N/A
North Carolina
21 Big Rock
NO
N/A
22 Bogue Sound
NO
N/A
23 Cape Fear Lookout & Hatteras (sandy shoals)
YES
NO
24 New River
NO
N/A
25 The Ten Fathom Ledge
NO
N/A
26 The Point
NO
N/A
'Areas shown are identified in Fishery Management Plan Amendments of the South Atlantic
Fishery Management Council and are included in Essential Fish Habitat New Marine Fish
Habitat Mandate for Federal Agencies February 1999 (Tables 6 and 7)
Page 18

Table 2 Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) Species nearshore Atlantic Ocean Long Bay North
Carolina
Source E = Eggs L = Larval J = Juvenile A = Adult N/A = Not Found
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
Atlantic Ocean
Long Bay
Atlantic Ocean
Long Bay
Bluefish
E L A
Gray tnggerfish
E L J A
Summer flounder
L J A
Yellow hack
E L J A
Gag grouper
L J
Blue runner
E L J A
Gray snapper
L J
Crevalle hack
E L J A
Dolphin
L J
Bar hack
L J A
Cobia
E L J A
Greater amberyack
L J A
King mackerel
L J A
Lesser amberjack
JA
Spanish mackerel
L J A
Almaco hack
J A
Black sea bass
L J A
Banded rudderfish
J A
Spiny dogfish
J A
Spadefish
L J A
Brown shrimp
E L A
White grunt
L J A
Pink shrimp
E L A
Hogfish
N/A
White shrimp
E L A
Puddingwife
L J A
Atlantic bigeye tuna
N/A
Blackfin snapper
N/A
Atlantic bluefm tuna
N/A
Red snapper
N/A
Skipjack tuna
N/A
Cubera snapper
N/A
Yellowfin tuna
N/A
Silk snapper
N/A
Little tunny
A
Bluelme tilefish
N/A
Shortfin mako shark
N/A
Sand tilefish
N/A
Blue shark
N/A
Bank sea bass
N/A
Spinner shark
J A
Rock sea bass
N/A
Page 19

Table 2 cont Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) Species nearshore Atlantic Ocean Long Bay
North Carolina
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
Atlantic Ocean
Long Bay
Atlantic Ocean
Long Bay
Swordfish
N/A
Grasby
N/A
Blue marlin
N/A
Coney
N/A
White marlin
N/A
Red hind
N/A
Sailfish
A
Goliath grouper
A
Calico scallop
N/A
Red grouper
N/A
Scalloped hammerhead
shark
J A
Misty grouper
N/A
Big nose shark
J A
Warsaw grouper
N/A
Black tip shark
J A
Snowy grouper
N/A
Dusky shark
J A
Yellowmouth grouper
N/A
Night shark
N/A
Scamp
J
Sandbar shark
J A
Speckled hind
N/A
Silky shark
N/A
Sheepshead
E L J A
Tiger shark
J A
Red porgy
N/A
Atlantic sharpnose shark
J A
Longspine porgy
E L J A
Longfin mako shark
N/A
Scup
J A
Whitetip shark
N/A
Thresher shark
J A
Page 110

Table 3 Species list and life history index for nearshore Atlantic Ocean Long Bay North
Carolina proposed artificial reef AR 430
Source NCDMF and NMFS Beaufort North Carolina October 1999
E = Eggs L = Larval J = Juvenile A = Adult N/A = Not Found
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
Atlantic Ocean
Long Bay
Atlantic Ocean
Long Bay
Striped bass
A
Largemouth bass
N/A
Yellow perch
N/A
Chain pickerel
N/A
White perch
N/A
Redfin pickerel
N/A
American shad
A
Channel catfish
N/A
Alewife
A
White catfish
N/A
Blue back herring
A
Bull catfish
N/A
Atlantic menhaden
J A
Redear sunfish
N/A
Atlantic thread herring
J A
Pumkinseed sunfish
N/A
Hickory shad
A
Atlantic sturgeon
A
Gizzard shad
A
Shortnose sturgeon
A
Spotted seatrout
A
Sea lamprey
A
Weakfish
A
Tarpon
A
Red drum
A
Ladyfish
A
Black Drum
L J A
Spotfm mojarra
A
Spot
L J A
Bay anchovy
A
Atlantic croaker
L J A
Crevalle hack
A
Banded killifish
N/A
Fat Sleeper
N/A
Atlantic silverside
A
Freshwater goby
N/A
Inland silverside
N/A
Naked goby
A
Longnose gar
N/A
American eel
J A
Page 111

Table 3 cont Species list and life history index for nearshore Atlantic Ocean Long Bay North
Carolina proposed artificial reef AR 430
Bowfin
N/A
Bluefish
E L J A
Bay whiff
N/A
Spanish mackerel
E L J A
Hogchoker
N/A
Spadefish
E L A
Southern flounder
J A
Gray snapper
J
Summer flounder
J A
Sheepshead
E L J A
Gulf flounder
J A
Pinfish (inshore)
E L J A
White shrimp
E L A
Spottail pinfish
E L J A
Brown shrimp
E L A
Striped mullet
E L A
Pink shrimp
E L A
White mullet
E L A
Atlantic stingray
J A
Bull shark
J A
Intertidal Flats
This proposed ocean reef site is not in proximity to intertidal flats of Pamlico Sound and
associated tributaries thus no impacts are anticipated
Oyster Reefs and Shell Banks
These natural habitat types are not present in the immediate area of this project and
thus no impacts are anticipated
Seagrass and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV)
No seagrass /SAV is located within the proposed project area None were found during
underwater observations using SCUBA performed on this site
State — Designated Areas Important for Managed Species
Primary and Secondary Nursery Areas are designated by the NC Marine Fisheries
Commission and are defined as tidal saltwater areas that provide essential habitat for the early
development of commercially important fish and shellfish This project is located in ocean
waters and is beyond both primary and secondary areas thus this project will not have adverse
impacts on these areas
Cape Fear, Lookout & Hatteras (sandy shoals)
The Mid Atlantic Fishery Management Council has designated the areas of Pamlico
Sound adjacent to Hatteras and Ocracoke Islands as important nursery and pupping grounds
for the sandbar shark Sandbar sharks are known to seasonally migrate along the eastern
coastal United States Juvenile sandbar sharks remain in shallow waters until late fall at which
Page 112

time they move south and further offshore and return in the summer months (FLMNH 2003)
Deploying materials on this proposed reef site will not impact the sandbar shark HPAC
Unconsolidated Soft Bottom
Surface sediments of a soft bottom can act as habitat for a variety of microscopic plants
and benthic epifauna /infauna species These organisms may serve as food sources for many
other organisms These organisms in turn are prey items for larger economically important
fishery species such as red drum summer and southern flounder spot Atlantic croaker
weakfish and striped bass The project area consists of subtidal hard /firm bottom with depth of
-36ft MLLW
The activities proposed have been demonstrated to have minimal affects overall on this
EFH type but it is important to consider post settlement growth that may occur in these areas
This habitat serves many life history stages for a multitude of species These and future reef
construction activities will allow for the majority of the site s area to remain undisturbed bottom
and allow for a heterogeneous bottom that should increase diversity through the transition of
two or more habitats known as edge effect (See Impact Summary for Essential Fish Habitat
These organisms may be indirectly minimally affected by filling of the substrate Given the
mobility of the organisms and the extensive areas of soft bottom the area of disturbance is likely
to have no significant adverse effects
Additional Project Area Concerns
In addition to EFH species in Table 1 prey species such as spot croaker bay anchovy
Atlantic silverside and pinfish may also occupy the waters of this site in Long Bay ocean waters
during these species different varying life stages The proposed project will not adversely affect
prey species populations
Impact Summary for Essential Fish Habitat
The objectives of this project are to enhance enlarge and develop a new ocean reef
within the ocean system of North Carolina for the restoration /conservation of essential fish
habitat
Artificial /manmade reefs are deployed to change habitats from a soft substrate to a hard
substrate system or to add vertical profile to low to medium profile (0 75 - 2 Om) hard substrate
systems These reefs are generally deployed to provide fisheries habitat to a desired location
that provides some measurable benefit to several different species as well as humans When
manmade reefs are constructed they provide new hard substrate similar in function to newly
exposed hard bottom (Goren 1985) Aside from the often obvious differences in the physical
characteristics and nature of the materials involved in creating a manmade reef the ecological
succession and processes involved in the establishment of the encrusting assemblages (i e
oysters barnacles turncates coral sponges hydroids and alga) occur in a similar fashion on
natural hard substrates and man placed hard substrates (Wendt et al 1989) Fmfish use
natural and manmade hard substrates in very similar ways and often interchangeably (Sedberry
1988) The changes in species composition and local abundance of important species in a
specific area are often seen as the primary benefits of artificial reef deployment activities
Additional benefits of artificial /manmade reefs placed on sandy or muddy soft bottoms
are the increase of diversity and edges The increase of biotic diversity is accomplished by
adding hard substrate where none existed This in turn will attract organisms that settle on hard
bottom but cannot settle on a shifting bottom and in turn attract predators that feed on these
sessile organisms Edges can be described as areas of transition between habitat types
Page 113

Edges can also create areas of high diversity more so than over continuous areas of one
habitat type This has come to be known as the edge effect principle The edge created by
deploying multiple patch reefs of hard substrate onto a soft bottom habitat may also create a
habitat of its own The edge habitat is a culmination of the two habitats (i a soft and hard
substrates) because it is inhabited by a characteristic set of species By adding hard substrate
to a soft bottom habitat the possible effect is that a third habitat is created This has been
observed on reefs where reef fishes congregate to graze on algae and are afforded the sense of
security Sheepshead on the other hand patrol the edge of the substrate foraging out into the
soft bottom habitat but continuously return to hard substrate Therefore creating these edge
effects allows species from both habitats to inhabit the area thus increasing diversity at the
location
The physical characteristics of manmade reef habitat may result in differences in the
observed behavior of fish species on or around such structures in contrast to behavior observed
on equivalent areas of natural hard bottoms (Bohnsack 1989) Some reef structures
particularly those of higher profile seem to yield generally higher densities of managed and
non managed species than a more widely spread lower profile natural hard bottom (Roundtree
1989)
The ecological role of the reef as structure providing food and protection contribute to
its value as a critical fisheries habitat The three dimensional reef provides more area for
attachment of oysters and other sessile organisms and creates more habitat niches than occur
on the surrounding flat or soft bottom habitat Clams mussels anemones polychaetes
amphipods sponges and many species of crabs are part of the reef community The
invertebrates recycle nutrients and organic matter and are prey for many finfish Red and black
drum gag black sea bass sheepshead pinfish weakfish spotted seatrout Atlantic spadefish
summer and southern flounder oyster toadfish and other fish are frequent members of the reef
community
Artificial /manmade reefs are known to promote extensive invertebrate communities and
enhance habitat for reef fish and other fish species including cryptic tropical and recreational
gamefish species of significance The success of a reef and its contributions to stock
enhancement varies geographically and is determined by a wide range of complex parameters
including existing habitat physical limitations material design reef configuration reef
management and the health of the targeted species complex which in turn is reliant on
effective fisheries management whether local regional or national This potential is further
enhanced since domestic reef programs today possess better information improved technology
and are more focused in using these tools towards specific stock enhancement and fishery
management needs
For species which may be to some degree habitat limited the establishment of
additional suitable habitat targeted to specific life history stages may improve survival
Additional manmade habitat designed specifically to promote survival of targeted species in
protected areas could potentially enhance existing ecosystems or create new ones to fill in
gaps where essential fish habitat had been damaged lost or severely over fished Perhaps the
most important contribution that manmade reef technology can provide for fisheries
management efforts would be to create additional habitat and fisheries to mitigate user groups
for perceived loses due to hurricanes disease overfishing and habitat loss
Deployment sequencing and distance from known pupping grounds will help negate
impacts to the nursery/pupping grounds for the sand bar shark Other free swimming organisms
will be able to avoid the area directly affected by project activities and move to other soft bottom
habitat and thus impacts to these organisms shall be minimal Any impacts to these organisms
will be outweighed by the benefits of providing additional hard substrate by increasing food
resources available hard substrate potential spawning habitat etc to the system
Page 114

Some impacts to EFH will be permanent since the deployment of reef material onto
bottor'h will change the availability of the bottom under the material The other impact is the loss
of water column due to the profile nature of the reefs being built although minimal in that water
flow will not be impeded it is permanent
In contrast to the permanent impacts to the existing EFH the ecological functions of
ocean reefs are numerous and may become an essential component of the offshore hardbottom
system While a few EFH types will be subject to temporary impacts and other EFH categories
will have permanent impacts these disturbances are trade offs that will increase biomass of
finfish species to help restore the population create habitat in a hard substrate limited system
and support high diversity and multiple ecological functions Enhancement of the existing ocean
reefs and development of new ocean reefs is not expected to cause any significant adverse
impacts to any managed species and in fact will hopefully facilitate the revitalization of Long Bay
and its beneficiaries v
Section 4
Artificial Reef Material Categories
Materials identified for use in artificial reef construction have been reviewed by
the NC artificial reef program to determine adequate stability and durability are made of
suitable materials that will not pose a threat to wildlife are deployed safely and
effectively and follow guidelines for suitable artificial reef materials published by the
Gulf and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commissions (Lukens & Selberg 2004)
Materials identified here do not encompass the full range of potential materials This is
intended to be a living document due to the dynamic nature of reef construction
Materials may be added or removed to this list as views concerning what are
acceptable material changes This document is not intended to promote encourage
or exclude the use of particular materials rather to give a comprehensive classification
of potentially acceptable materials All materials used are clean of contaminates prior to
deployment following required regulations specific to the type of material
Page 1 15

Article I
Article 11 Concrete and related
Section 2 01 Designed reef modules
(a) Reef BalisTM' Waffle Crete, Hex cones, Reefmaker Pyramids and EcoSystems etc
(i) These materials are generally units weighing less than 1 ton, non - reinforced and
have been designed to be utilized in artificial reef construction
Section 2 02 Pre -Cast
(a) Box culvert, wet well sections, catch basins knockout boxes, wing walls buoy
sinkers (USCG and DMF), reinforced concrete pipe (RCP)
(i) These materials are generally units weighing less than 2 tons, can be reinforced
with metal rebar or wire mesh and were designed for applications other than
reef material
Section 2 03 Scrap
(a) Rubble slab, bridge railing dock panels curb, sidewalk, storm RCP ferro cement
vessels
(►) Vanous dimensions and weights, may or may not be reinforced, and may have
been removed from a construction site These may be reduced in size or whole
These materials are clean of any contaminates (hydrocarbons etc) before
deployment
Article III Fiberglass
(a) Boat molds have been uses in ocean and estuarine reef construction projects
however are no longer considered acceptable and are prohibited through ACOE
permit
Article IV Natural
Section 4 01 Rock
(a) Lime stone, marl, granite, stone dredge material
(i) Natural materials that are mined from the earth, these materials are stable and
durable
Section 4 02 Shell
(a) Mollusk (clam oyster, whelk)
(i) Harvested from natural organisms made of calcium carbonate
Article V Metal
Section 5 01 Vessels
(a) Trawler, freighter barge, tanker crew boat, tug military motor vessel sailboat
etc
(�) Vessels are of vanous sizes and profiles, and will be noted for individual
minimum vertical clearance
Section 5 02 Military Equipment
(a) Tanks, armored personnel carrier
Page 1 16

(i) Equipment of vanous sizes and profiles and will be noted for individual
minimum vertical clearance Military equipment is known to hold up well do to
their rugged construction
Section 5 03 Bridge components
(a) Bridge span, etc
(�) Spans are typically obsolete swing badge spans Spans and other components
have been cleaned of hydrocarbons, asphalt etc These can be in whole
components or reduced form
Section 5 04 Aircraft
(a) Fixed wing helicopter (Military and Civilian)
(�) Some aircraft construction is very rigorous due to the high stress tolerances of
flight
(n) Some aircraft construction is unsuitable, ► e large cargo plane and helicopter
airframes
Page 117

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Literature Cited
Bahr L M and W P Lanier 1981 The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South
Atlantic coast a community profile U S Fish and Wildlife Service Office of
Biological Service Washington D C 105pp
Bohnsack J 1989 Are high densities of fishes at artificial reefs the result of habitat
limitation or behavioral preference? Bulletin of Marine Science 44(2) 631 -645
Dame R F and N Dankers 1988 Uptake and release of materials by a Wadden Sea
mussel bed Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 118 207 216
Dame R F J D Spurrier and T G Wolaver 1989 Carbon nitrogen and phosphorus
processing by an oyster reef Marine Ecology Progress Series 54 249 256
Florida Museum of Natural History 2003 (FLMNH) http / /www flmnh ufl edu
Goren M 1985 Succession of benthic community on artificial substratum at Elat (Red Sea)
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 38 19 40
Grabowski J H D Pettipas M A Dolan A R Hughes and D L Kimbro 2000 The
economic and biological value of restored oyster reef habitat to the nursery function
of the estuary NC Sea Grant Morehead City NC FRG # 97 EP 6 29p
Harding J M R Mann 2001 Oyster reefs as fish habitat opportunistic use of restored
reefs by transient fishes Journal of Shellfish Research 20(3) 951 959
Lehnert R L D M Allen 2002 Nekton use of subtidal oyster shell habitat in Southeastern
U S estuary Estuaries 25(5) 1015 1024
Lenihan H S C H Peterson J E Byers J H Grabowski G W Thayer and D R Colby
2001 Cascading of habitat degradation oyster reefs invaded by refugee fishes
escaping stress Ecological Applications 11 (3) 764 782
Lukens R R and Selberg C February 2004 Guidelines for Marine Artificial Reef Materials
Second Edition GSMFC Ocean Springs MS 198pp
Orlando S P Jr C J K P H Wendt M E Pattillo K C Dennis and G H Ward 1994
Salinity characteristics of South Atlantic estuaries National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Conservation and Assessment Silver
Springs MD 117p
Roundtree RA 1989 Association of fishes with fish aggregation devices effects of
structure size on fish abundance Bulletin of Marine Science 44 960 -972
Sedberry G R 1988 Food and feeding of Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata in live
bottom habitats in the South Atlantic Bight Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific
Society 104 35-50
Street M W A S Deaton W S Chappell and P D Mooreside 2005 North Carolina
Coastal Habitat Protection Plan North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources Division of Marine Fisheries Morehead City NC 656 pp
Wendt P H D M Knott and R F Van Dolah
biota on five artificial reefs of different ages
1122
Page 120
1989 Community structure of the sessile
Bulletin of Marine Science 441106—