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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20111122 Ver 2_401 Application_20120105O�ot W AT F9�G O T a. u2. Office Use Only Corps action ID no DWQ project no Form Version 13 Dec 10 2008 Page 1 of 11 PCN Form — Version 1 3 December 10 2008 Version Pre- Construelhon Notification PC Form A Applicant Information 1 Processing 1 a Type(s) of approval sought from the Corps ❑ Section 404 Permit ❑ Section 10 Permit 1 b Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number or General Permit (GP) number 1 c Has the NWP or GP number been venfied by the Corpse ❑ Yes ❑ No 1 d Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply) ❑ 401 Water Quality Certification — Regular ❑ Non -404 Jurisdictional General Permit ❑ 401 Water Quality Certification — Express ® Riparian Buffer Authorization le Is this notification solely for the record because written approval is not required? For the record only for DWQ 401 Certification ❑ Yes ❑ No For the record only for Corps Permit ❑ Yes ❑ No 1f Is payment into a mitigation bank or in lieu fee program proposed for mitigation of impacts? If so attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in lieu fee program ❑ Yes ® No 1g Is the project located in any of NC s twenty coastal counties If yes answer 1 h below ❑ Yes ® No 1h Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)? ❑ Yes ® No 2 Project Information 2a Name of project Carey Residence 1803 Chester Rd 2b County Wake 2c Nearest municipality / town Raleigh 2d Subdivision name 2e NCDOT only T I P or state project no 3 Owner Information 3a Name(s) on Recorded Deed Raymond E Carey IV and spouse Kathryn E Carey 3b Deed Book and Page No Book 11330 page 1582 3c Responsible Party (for LLC if applicable) 3d Street address 1803 Chester Road 3e City state zip Raleigh NC 3f Telephone no 3g Fax no LDENR 3h Email address R WATE a R. Qtn ater aran& Page 1 of 11 PCN Form — Version 1 3 December 10 2008 Version B Project Information and Prior Project History 1 Property Identification 1a Property identification no (tax PIN or parcel ID) 003328976 lb Site coordinates (in decimal degrees) Latitude Longitude (DD DDDDDD) ( DD DDDDDD) 1c Property size acres 2 Surface Waters 2a Name of nearest body of water (stream river etc ) to ut southeast prong beaver dam creek proposed project 2b Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water 2c River basin Neuse river basin 3 Project Description 3a Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this application Project is located in the front yard of the Carey Residence The existing conditions are fading and severty steep stream banks with exiting vegetation that is stressed because of exposed roots There is an exposed sewer line and banks that are sloughing due to eroision from the existing city street and city catch basin Storm water run off from the street is a major contnbuter to probles with the existing structure We would like to cover and protect exposed sewer line 3b List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property 0 3c List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property 85 feet 3d Explain the purpose of the proposed project The project entails the restoration and enhancement of the existing stream banks Proper rock placement on the top of the bank and laying the bank back were appropriate Once the banks are reformed and stable the use of mulch and several plantings along the tops of the bank will completed We plan to restore the existing head wall at the end of the existing road drainage culvert to impove the existing structure No work planned in the channel No equipment will be in the channel All work will be done from the top of the bank which will include hand tool work and the use of a bobcat for rock placement Planting of container plants and bare root plant materad will also be included in the bank enhancement project The head wall restoration will mtad a stone veneer wing wall using rock and mortar all created by hand so that we can cover up the city sewer line and improve the drainage and looks on top of the culvert drainage pipe Stabilize the buffer area in and around the sewerhne and associated structure 3e Describe the overall project in detail including the type of equipment to be used The project entails the restoration and enhancement of the existing stream banks Proper rock placement on the top of the bank and laying the bank back were appropriate Once the banks are reformed and stable the use of mulch and several plantings along the tops of the bank will completed We plan to restore the existing head wall at the end of the existing road drainage culvert to impove the looks and overall drainage situation No work planned in the channel All work will be done from the top of the bank which will include hand tool work and the use of a bobcat for rock placement Planting of contaaner plants and bare root plant materad will also be included in the bank enhancement project The head wall restoration will intact a stone veneer wing wall using rock and mortar all created by hand so that we can cover up the city sewer line and improve the drainage and looks on top of the culvert drainage pipe Page 3 of 11 PCN Form — Version 1 3 December 10 2008 Version 4 Jurisdictional Determinations 4a Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property / ®Yes El No El Unknown project (including all prior phases) in the past Comments Stream determination made mterminate stream 4b If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination what type El Preliminary El Final of determination was made? 4c If yes who delineated the jurisdictional areas? Agency /Consultant Company dwq Name (if known) Katie Memt Other 4d If yes list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation Letterattached 5 Project History 5a Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for ❑ Yes ❑ No ® Unknown this project (including all prior phases) in the past? 5b If yes explain in detail according to help file instructions 6 Future Project Plans 6a Is this a phased project? ❑ Yes ® No 6b If yes explain Page 4 of 11 PCN Form — Version 13 December 10 2008 Version C Proposed Impacts Inventory 1 Impacts Summary la Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply) ❑ Wetlands ❑ Streams tributaries ® Buffers ❑ Open Waters ❑ Pond Construction 2 Wetland Impacts If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site then complete this question for each wetland area impacted 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f Wetland impact Type of jurisdiction number — Type of impact Type of wetland Forested (Corps 404 10 Area of impact Permanent (P) or (if known) DWQ — non -404 other) (acres) Temporary W1 ❑ P [-IT ❑ Yes ❑ Corps ❑ No ❑ DWQ W2 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ Yes ❑ Corps ❑ No ❑ DWQ W3 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ Yes ❑ Corps ❑ No ❑ DWQ W4 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ Yes ❑ Corps ❑ No ❑ DWQ W5 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ Yes ❑ Corps ❑ No ❑ DWQ W6 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ Yes ❑ Corps ❑ No ❑ DWQ 2g Total wetland impacts 2h Comments 3 Stream Impacts If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site then complete this question for all stream sites impacted 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 3g Stream impact Type of impact Stream name Perennial Type of jurisdiction Average Impact number (PER) or (Corps 404 10 stream length Permanent (P) or intermittent DWQ — non -404 width (linear Temporary (T) (INT)? other) (feet) feet) S1 ❑ P [:IT ❑ PER ❑ Corps ❑ INT ❑ DWQ S2 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ PER ❑ Corps ❑ INT ❑ DWQ S3 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ PER ❑ Corps ❑ INT ❑ DWQ S4 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ PER ❑ Corps ❑ INT ❑ DWQ S5 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ PER ❑ Corps ❑ INT ❑ DWQ S6 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ PER ❑ Corps ❑ INT ❑ DWQ 3h Total stream and tributary impacts 31 Comments No impact to stream channel during buffer restoration All work from top of banks no egwpement in or around stream channel Page 5 of 11 PCN Form — Version 1 3 December 10 2008 Version 4 Open Water Impacts If there are proposed impacts to lakes ponds estuaries tributaries sounds the Atlantic Ocean or any other open water of the U S then individually list all open water impacts below 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e Open water Name of waterbody impact number — (if applicable) Type of impact Waterbody type Area of impact (acres) Permanent (P) or Temporary 01 ❑P ❑T 02 ❑P ❑T 03 ❑P ❑T 04 ❑P ❑T 41' Total open water impacts 4g Comments 5 Pond or Lake Construction If pond or lake construction proposed then complete the chart below 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e Wetland Impacts (acres) Stream Impacts (feet) Upland Pond ID Proposed use or purpose (acres) number of pond Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded P1 P2 5f Total 5g Comments 5h Is a dam high hazard permit required ❑ Yes ❑ No If yes permit ID no 51 Expected pond surface area (acres) 5j Size of pond watershed (acres) 5k Method of construction 6 Buffer Impacts (for DWQ) If project will impact a protected riparian buffer then complete the chart below If yes then individually list all buffer impacts below If any impacts require mitigation then you MUST fill out Section D of this form 6a ® Neuse ❑ Tar Pamlico ❑ Other Project is in which protected basin? ❑ Catawba ❑ Randleman 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 6g Buffer impact number — Reason Buffer Zone 1 impact Zone 2 impact Permanent (P) or for Stream name mitigation (square feet) (square feet) Temporary impact required? 131 ®P ❑T El Yes ® No B2 ❑ P ❑ T ❑ Yes ❑ No B3 ❑P ❑T El Yes ❑ No 6h Total buffer impacts 6i Comments Protection of the exitsting structure which is an exposed sewer pipe is a main pnonty Page 6 of 11 PCN Form — Version 1 3 December 10 2008 Version D Impact Justification and Mitigation 1 Avoidance and Minimization 1a Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project 1 b Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques 2 Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U S or Waters of the State 2a Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for impacts to Waters of the U S or Waters of the State? ❑ Yes ❑ No 2b If yes mitigation is required by (check all that apply) ❑ DWQ ❑ Corps 2c If yes which mitigation option will be used for this projects ❑ Mitigation bank El Payment to in lieu fee program ❑ Permittee Responsible Mitigation 3 Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank 3a Name of Mitigation Bank 3b Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter) Type Quantity 3c Comments 4 Complete if Making a Payment to In lieu Fee Program 4a Approval letter from in lieu fee program is attached ❑ Yes 4b Stream mitigation requested linear feet 4c If using stream mitigation stream temperature ❑ warm ❑ cool ❑cold 4d Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only) square feet 4e Riparian wetland mitigation requested acres 4f Non riparian wetland mitigation requested acres 4g Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested acres 4h Comments 5 Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan 5a If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan Page 7 of 11 PCN Form — Version 1 3 December 10 2008 Version 6 Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) — required by DWQ 6a Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires buffer mitigation? ❑Yes ❑ No 6b If yes then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the npanan buffer that requires mitigation Calculate the amount of mitigation required Zone 6c Reason for impact 6d Total impact (square feet) Multiplier 6e Required mitigation (square feet) Zone 1 3 (2 for Catawba) Zone 2 15 6f Total buffer mitigation required 6g If buffer mitigation is required discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e g payment to private mitigation bank permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration payment into an approved in lieu fee fund) 6h Comments Page 8 of 11 PCN Form — Version 1 3 December 10 2008 Version E Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ) 1 Diffuse Flow Plan 1a Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified ❑ Yes ❑ No within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules? 1 b If yes then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no explain why ❑ Yes No ❑ Comments 2 Stormwater Management Plan 2a What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project? % 2b Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan? ❑ Yes ❑ No 2c If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan explain why 2d If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan then provide a brief narrative description of the plan ❑ Certified Local Government 2e Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan? ❑ DWQ Stormwater Program ❑ DWQ 401 Unit 3 Certified Local Government Stormwater Review 3a In which local government s jurisdiction is this project? ❑ Phase II 3b Which of the following locally implemented stormwater management programs ❑ NSW ❑ USMP apply (check all that apply) ❑ Water Supply Watershed ❑ Other 3c Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been ❑ Yes ❑ No attached? 4 DWQ Stormwater Program Review ❑ Coastal counties 4a Which of the following state - implemented stormwater management programs apply ❑ HQW ❑ ORW (check all that apply) ❑ Session Law 2006 246 ❑ Other 4b Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been attached? ❑ Yes ❑ No 5 DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review 5a Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements? ❑ Yes ❑ No 5b Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met? ❑ Yes ❑ No Page 9 of 11 PCN Form — Version 1 3 December 10 2008 Version F Supplementary Information 1 Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement) la Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal /state /local) funds or the ❑ Yes ❑ No use of public (federal /state) land? lb If you answered yes to the above does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State ❑ Yes ❑ No (North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)? 1c If you answered yes to the above has the document review been finalized by the State Clearing House? (If so attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter) ❑ Yes ❑ No Comments 2 Violations (DWQ Requirement) 2a Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H 0500) Isolated Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H 1300) DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards ❑ Yes ❑ No or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B 0200)? 2b Is this an after the -fact permit application? ❑ Yes ❑ No 2c If you answered yes to one or both of the above questions provide an explanation of the violation(s) 3 Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement) 3a Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in ❑ Yes ❑ No additional development which could impact nearby downstream water quality? 3b If you answered yes to the above submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the most recent DWQ policy If you answered no provide a short narrative description 4 Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement) 4a Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from the proposed project or available capacity of the subject facility Page 10 of 11 PCN Form — Version 1 3 December 10 2008 Version 5 Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement) 5a Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or ❑ Yes ❑ No habitat? 5b Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act ❑ Yes ❑ No impacts? ❑ Raleigh 5c If yes indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted ❑ Asheville 5d What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical Habitat? 6 Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement) 6a Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat? ❑ Yes ❑ No 6b What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat? 7 Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement) 7a Will this protect occur in or near an area that the state federal or tribal governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation ❑ Yes ❑ No status (e g National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in North Carolina history and archaeology)? 7b What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources? 8 Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement) 8a Will this project occur in a FEMA designated 100 year floodplain? ❑ Yes ❑ No 8b If yes explain how project meets FEMA requirements 8c What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination? Applicant/Agents Printed Name plicant/Agent s Signature to (Agents signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided Page 11 of 11 PCN Form — Version 1 3 December 10 2008 Version 11 f { t-` Nk, or �I I ,I � a I �i I nn i �Da N � a 1 a a �J y I Y /y d O'" !Y U,Z Q J �I I ,I � a I �i I nn i �Da � � a a �J y /y d O'" !Y U,Z Q J E I f f f s J tL 1� , I t t � ry C .ppJ r� V DI 4 a Q~ av N= A� Q V a au v O N Z Q J f� �d o 1 1 1 �1 1� 1, 1` 1 1 t t � ry C .ppJ r� V DI 4 a Q~ av N= A� Q V a au v O N Z Q J f� VXWA RIM North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Quality Beverly Eaves Perdue Charles Waktid P E Dee Freeman Governor Director Secretary January 3 2012 DWQ Project # 2011 1122 Wake County CERTIFIED MAIL RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED #7003 2260 0005 5380 8818 Ray Carey 1803 Chester Road Raleigh NC 27608 Subject Property 1803 Chester Rd, Raleigh, NC UT to Southeast Prong Beaverdam Creek On Site Determination for Applicability to the Neuse River Riparian Area Protection Rules (15A NCAC 02B 0233) Appeal Dear Mr and Mrs Ray Carey On December 20 2011 at the request of Matt Roberts Katie Merritt and Penann Russell from the Division of Water Quality (DWQ) conducted an on site determination to review a stream feature located on the subject property for applicability to the Neuse Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 02B 0233) The feature is labeled as A on the attached map initialed by me on December 29 2011 Staff from the DWQ Raleigh Regional Office (RRO) had previously conducted an on site determination of this stream on January 26 2005 A letter dated November 17 2011 was sent by your acting agent Matt Roberts to Karen Higgins with DWQ This letter requested that DWQ perform a determination of the stream feature on the subject property The previous owner of this property faded to properly notify you about the stream determination that was made on January 26 2005 Therefore DWQ determined to reevaluate the stream as an appeal to the previous stream determination and determine if it is still at least intermittent At Mr Robert s request Ms Merritt and Ms Russell conducted an appeal of the stream determination made by the RRO as stated above During the review they evaluated the stream using the NCDWQ Stream Identification Form Version 4 11 They evaluated the stream reach labeled as A on the attached map and calculated the score to be 26 5 points The form states that if the score is greater than or equal to 19 points the stream is at least intermittent The DWQ has determined that the stream labeled as "A" on the attached map is at least "intermittent and is subject to the Neuse Buffer Rule throughout the subject property (15A NCAC 02B 0233) This determination shall replace the determination onginally performed by the Raleigh Regional — Office and shall expire five years from the date of this letter Wetlands Buffers Starmwater Compliance and Permitting Unit (WeBSCaPe) 1650 Mad Service Center Raleigh North Carolina 276991b50 NorthCaT011na Phone 919 807 6300 1 FAX 919 807 b494 Internet http Opportunity ncdenr orgtweb/Yiq/ws E Aaiu�a!!� An Equal Opporiumry 1 AHinnatrve Action Employer 6B6 lv/ Mr & Mrs Ray Carey Page 2 of 2 January 3 2012 You can contest the Director s decision as provided to Articles 3 and 4 of G S I SOB To contest the Directors decision you must file a petition for an administrative hearing You may obtain the petition form from the office of Administrative hearings You must file the petition with the office of Administrative Hearings within sixty (60) days of receipt of this notice A petition is considered filed when it is received to the office of Administrative Hearings during normal office hours The Office of Administrative Hearings accepts filings Monday through Friday between the hours of 8 00am and 5 OOpm except for official state holidays The original and one (1) copy of the petition must be filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings The petition may be faxed provided the original and one copy of the document is received by the Office of Administrative Hearings within five (5) business days following the faxed transmission The mailing address for the Office of Administrative Hearings is Office of Administrative Hearings 6714 Mail Service Center Raleigh NC 27699 6714 Telephone (919) 431 3000 Fax (919) 431 3100 A copy of the petition must also be served on DENR as follows Ms Mary Penny Thompson General Counsel Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 Mail Service Center Raleigh NC 27699 1601 This stream and its associated buffers should be identified on any future plans for this property The owner (or future owners) should notify the DWQ (and other relevant agencies) of this decision in any future correspondences concerning this property This letter only addresses the applicability to the buffer rules and does not approve any activity within the buffers Nor does this letter approve any activity within Waters of the United States or Waters of the State If you have any additional questions or require additional information please call Katie Merritt at (919) 807 6371 This determination is subject to review as provided in Articles 3 & 4 of G S 150B Sincerely Charles Waktld E CW/kah/kym Enclosures Wake County GIS Map and NC DWQ Stream ID form Version 4 11 cc Danny Smith DWQ Raleigh Regional Office File Copy Filename 111122_1803 Chester Rd (Wake) appeal doc 20 1 1 1 12 2 NC MCI %tresm Idenhfieshnn Form Vernon 4 11 Date a p Projewsite 00 Weak Latitude Evaluator �n� n wig C County (J�VQ, Longitude Total Pointe C Stream u at least intermittent ] /j Ca Stream bete ircle one) Ephemeral Other Quad Name 0 ntermitte rennial e g d> 19 or nnral d z 30 3 In channel structure ex riffle pool step pool ripple pool sequence 0 9 A Geomorphology Subtotal = LL Absent Weak Moderate Stro n 18 Continuity of channel bed and bank 0 1 2 3 2 Sinuosity of channel along thatweg 0 1 05 3 3 In channel structure ex riffle pool step pool ripple pool sequence 0 1 1 3 4 Particle size of stream substrate 0 1 2 15 5 Activelrellct floodplam No 0 1 2 3 6 Depositwnal bars or benches 0 1 2 1 7 Recent alluvial deposits 0 1 2 3 8 Headcuts 15 1 2 3 9 Grade control 1 05 1 15 10 Natural valley 0 05 1 15 11 Second or greater order channel N - 0 Yes = 3 ° artificial ditches are not rated see discusAws in manual R bivcirninnv lSuhtntal = I7 1 12 Presence of Baseflow 0 1D 2 3 13 Iron wadizmg bacteria 0 3 2 3 14 Leaf Irtter 15 1 05 0 15 Sediment on plants or debns 0 5 1 15 16 Organic debris lines or piles 0 1 05 1 15 17 Sal based evidence of higq water table9 No 0 Ye = C Blolow (Subtotal = LU ) I, W — • 18 Fibrous roots in streambed 2 1 0 19 Rooted upland plants in streambed 3 2 1 0 20 Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) CO) 1 2 3 21 Aquabc Mollusks 1 2 3 22 Fish 05 1 is 23 Crayfish 05 1 15 24 Amphibians 05 1 15 25 Algae 0 05 1 16 26 Wetland plants in streambed FACW = 0 75 OBL =1 5 Other = 0 perennial streams may also be identified using other methods See p 35 of manual Notes AA� 44,, Sketch` Q0� bLL+ ! {mil " IS a :eel; kfeirm(Ini $ase- o w Sal! n PVA 1r) Pods - 4.StI ta� k 14 dI� S lots P� ear �u�`�I tciit�a( fnn_ F%PL nkOLk OAS-ky P.,4,6 ?0PCVij UNL ,i n _ J C 00 /W v 0 m 1 N C. W m 'R D .II c� A—--!•" A CA a L _n =z O v m m Z j Q a C) O �' c .� tb -� v ° y m Cn O d m °- a) pp '0 C) < °• W C _ a N ''o n (J a n m m x a D m o m n 7 _� 3' iJ w o ti D N m N 4 < C CD D m u (p n r Cl < C M G m c CD Q D n Fi m ry O n O m' O n O M x jz c a V W m fo n a N N K w a a h O m 3 Z d 3a) A m N m O 9` A to rn rn w w o rn o o j o o D D m 0 Z V D u N G O N O - N O W O W O p Ut m d N m W 0) O W O N N (D O LN-. m O Z7 O O m m' m A O m o O O m O N g n W z a o 2 x c c = x< Ct 3 c En m D m g m Z tmi) v:' T y ,� o r C 00 n m mz m N p O C Q C) m z D m G _ x D m No x cn m c Z m m I ,�,