20110896 Ver 1_More Info Received_20111123

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LAND IVI��AGENEhTT GROUF iNc
Fnt�rronmen�al Co»sultants �
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November 18 2011 O ���� `" �
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NOV 2 3 201F
TO Ms Jenmfer Frye
U S Anny Corps of En�neers �� W�TER�UALITY
69 Darlmgton Avenue ��$�ST���K
Wilmmgton NC 28403
RE Indi�idual Permrt Appl�cation Orton Plantation Brunswick County NC
Request for Addit�onal Inforn�ation
Act�on ID# SAW 2011 00624
Dear Jenmfer,
This responds to your letter dated October 14 2011 m which you request additional
information regardmg the IP application for the Orton Plantation pro�ect submitted on behalf of Orton
Plantation Holdmgs LLC Res�onses relating to compliance wrth the Corps/EPA MOA `are provided
below We have also mcluded a draft mitigation plan for your consideration
a Pe�mats fo� wo�h wathiiz wetlands or othe� specaal aquatzc srtes a�e avaalable only af tlze
p�oposed �vol k as the least e�iva�oiimentally da�naga�zg p�actacable alteJ�iatrne Please fuJ naslz
info>»aation �ega�dang a�Zy otheJ alte�nataves ancluding upland alte�natrves to tlie wo�k fo�
wlaacJa you 1aa>>e appliecl a�zd pJ ovide�ustaficataoiz that yous selected plan as the leust danzagang
to watef o� wetland ai eas
The applicant s stated purpose for the proposed pro�ect is to protect and restore the remammg
elements of the histonc nce field system at Orton Plantation The applicant is a direct descendant
of Roger Moore the ongmal owner of the tract and therefore, has familial as well as histoncal
interest in this pro�ect The restorative nature of the pro�ect makes evaluation of other tracts
irrelevant thus no other tracts were evaluated Two on site alternatives are discussed below
1) No Act�on Alternative Under this alternative no dike improvements would be made and nce
cultivation operations would not resuma This site has pnmanly beem m �ce cultivat�on smce the
1700 s and the loss of this histor�c farmmg operahon would be culturally significant Because this
alternatrve does not meet the appl�cant s stated purpose and need rt is not considered feas�ble
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2) U�land Alternat�ve Under this alternative nce cultivation would take place in upland aieas at
Orton Plantat�on This alternative is not practicable due to the nature of the histonc and traditional
cult�vahon pract�ces to implement and manage the growth of nce crops The water management
system is bnav�ty based in a low elevat�on landscape The management of water is requiied for
purposes of seed �ermination and the elimination and prevent�on of competitive weed
www Imgroup net info@Imgroup net Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
3805 Wrightsville Ave Suite 15 W�Imington NC 28403 P O Box 2522 Wilmington NC 28402

establishment The hydrological control measures and devices iemam posit�oned within areas that
aie wetlands due to long ternl soil satuiation and flooding
b It as necessa�y fo� you to laave ta�e�� all app�op�aate and pr actacable steps to manama�e ���etic�nd
losses Please andacate all that you have do�ze especially t ega�dtn� de>>elopn�e�it and
n�oda ficataon of�lans ai�d p�oposed coizst�zrctaon tech�iiques t0 71211117711�e adi e�se ampacts
As stated in the pro�ect nairative submrtted with the IP applicat�on wetland impacts weie avoided
and minmlized as much as possible in the design of this restoration pro�ect consistent with the
pio�ect purpose Due to the nature of the cultivation of nce at Orton Plantation and the stated
puipose of the pro�ect activrties necessa�lly mvolve work wrthin wetland aieas By its nature
implementation of the pro�ect will involve activit�es m wetlands hence wetland impacts are
unavoidable
The proposed proJect to protect and restore the exzstmg histonc nce field system is defined m
scope by the current confining dike system and limits of the sub�ect nce fields as depicted The
applicant is not seeking to re establish the much larger extent of nce fields that was once present to
the north and stretchtng upstream along Liliput Creek Remnants of that once existing dike system
and its canal and quarter drtch system can be readily observed m older aenal photography as well
as the remams of the fresh water reserve dam to the west That water was used as the pnmary
irngation source for those old fields
On going and past dike protection efforts along the Cape Fear River effectively demonstrate that a
substantial revetment is iequired to wrthstand the eiosional forces of the Cape Fear River
Consideration is also given to the fact that the coastal and 404 wetland fringe facmg the nver is
being eroded The permanent impacts to �unsdictional wetlands and waters resultmg from the
proposed revetment total 8 6 acres Of this 2 9 acres are 404 wetlands 1 5 acres are 404/coastal
wetlands 0 3 acres are surface nce field 404 wetlands 2 3 acres are fresh water canals (withm nce
fields) and 1 6 acres are open waters of the Cape Fear River An additional area of 2 S acres of
open nver waters may be �mpacted by the descnbed widenmg of ievetment segments m the future
as the coastal and 404 wetland fringe erodes away completely in those locations This additional
area (also requested to be authonzed) incorpoiates the potential widening of the entire revetment to
the width dimensions of the headland area cross section The magnitude of the impacts is�ustified
by design features necessary to effectively protect the nce field, mcluding the height of the
revetment required to prevent overtopping and side slopes required to break wake/wave energies
providmg long term stab�lrty
The scope of the repair and ieinforcement of the remammg dikes beyond the front nce field
revetment is minimal in nature and no pernlanent wetland mzpacts are anticipated
The watei control structure repair and replacement woik mainly mvolves the ieplacement of
structures within their existing footpnnts and will result in a very mmimal pennanent wetland
mlpact ai ea (approximately 0 003 ac)
The de�cnUed prepai at�on of the nce fields wil] affect virtually all of the wetlands and v�ateis
within those fields a total of 333 74 acies However wrth the exception of the proposed permanent
field access points described belov� the i�ce fields �ill continue to remain wetlands managed by
the watei control system The ini�at�on canal/drtch iestorat�on w�ll involve the s�decasting and
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3805 Wrightsville Ave Suite 15 Wilmington NC 28403 P 0 Box 2522 Wilmington NC 28402

sp�eading of matenal across the fields but the resultm� thin veneer of fill will not effect a
conversion of these fields to uplands even on a temporaiy basis Further the ability to flood the
fields remains as it has throu�hout the history of the plantation The fields have been and will
continue to be wetlands managed for a�mculture All impacts here are considered to be temporaiy
The pennanent field access points will have a maaimum�wetlands/waters fill diinension of?6 a15
or 390 square feet at each locat�on The total maxm�um pennanent wetlands/waters mzpact area for
tlle fourteen (14) access pomts is 5 460 square feet (0 125 acres) This mmimal amount of impact
area will allow for safe and efficient farnz equipment access to vanous se�nnents of the nce field
system
c The MOA i equi�es that a�p�o��aate arid p�actacable »zatigataon wall be �equu ed foJ all
unavoadable adve�sc cmpacts �eniazncng ccfter the applacant has employed all app�npl aate and
p�actacable ma��ami�ataon Please andicate yous plarz to inatigate foi the p�o�ected u�iavoidable
loss of u�ate�s o� wetlafzds oi p�ovade anfo>»zatcosz as to tlze absence of any such app�op�aate
and p�actacable»�easu�es
Please see the Draft Mitigation Plan attached
Please contact me if you have any othei questions about the pro�ect or if you would like to meet to
further discuss these items Thank you for your assistance with this pro�ect
Smcerely
�------
Steve Momso
Environmental Consultant
Encl
Cc Mr Chad Coburn DWQ
Ms Heather Coats DCM
Mr Peter Talty Orton Plantation Holdings LLC
Mr Craig Bromby Hunton &Williams LLP
Mr John Dorney Atkins
www Imgroup net info@Imgroup net Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
3805 Wrightsville Ave Suite 15 Wilmington NC 28403 P O Box 2522 Wilmington NC 28402

DRAFT WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
FOR THE
�
ORTON RICEFIELD RESTORATION PROJECT
Prepared for
US Army Corps of Engineers
North Carolma Div►sion of Water Quality
North Carol►na Divis�on of Coastal Management
Prepared by
Land Management Group Inc
Atk►ns North America
On Behalf of the Pro�ect Applicant Orton Plantation Holdmgs LLC
I
i
November 18, 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
2 0 PROPOSED MITIGATION 2
21 CONCEPT 2
2 2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2
2 3 WETLAND FUNCTIONS 3
2 3 1 NC WAM Summary 3
2 3 2 Functional Uplift 5
3 0 SITE CHARACTERIZATION 6
4 0 SITE DESIGN 7
5 0 SITE PLANTING 9
6 0 SITE PERFORMANCE MONITORING 10
6 1 SUCCE55 CRITERIA 10
6 2 MONITORING PLAN 12
7 0 LONG-TERM SITE MANAGEMENT 13
8 0 REFERENCE LITERATURE 14
LIST OF FIGURES AND APPENDICES
Figure 1 Vianity Map
Figure 2 USGS Topographic Map
Figure 3 LIDAR Map
Figure 4 Soil Survey Map
Figure 5 1998 Infra Red Aerial
Figure 6 2008 True Color Aerial
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Appendix A NC WAM Assessment
Appendix B Mitigation Site Photographs
Appendix C Wetland Boundary Survey
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1 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On behalf of Orton Plantation Holdings LLC Land Management Group Inc (LMG) (in
con�unction with Atkins North America) has prepared the following Draft Mitigation Plan
identifying the proposed compensatory mitigation to offset wetland impacts identified in the
Individual Permit (IP) Application submitted to the U S Army Corps of Engineers (Public
Notice dated October 5 2011) and the CAMA Ma�or Permit Application submitted to the
North Carolina Division of Coastal Management As stated in the pro�ect narrative submitted
with the IP application wetland impacts were avoided and minimized as much as possible in
the design of the Historic Rice Field Restoration Pro�ect However due to the nature of the
cultivation of rice at Orton and the stated purpose of the pro�ect activities necessarily
involve work within wetland areas By its nature implementat�on of the pro�ect will involve
activities in wetlands hence wetland impacts are unavoidable Specific avoidance and
minimization efforts are provided in separate correspondence (dated November 18 2011)
to reviewing agencies The proposed Historic Ricefield Restoration Pro�ect will result in
permanent impacts to 15 acres of salt/brackish marsh 3 33 acres of freshwater wetland and
6 4 acres of open water The Applicant has selected a compensatory mitigation alternative
that will provide for suitable replacement of both the spatial extent and functional capacity
of wetlands to be impacted The proposed mitigation will consist of the on site restoration
of 4 09 acres high functioning salt/brackish marsh and the restoration of 122 acres of
freshwater marsh within the interior of the Front rice field
The following Draft Mitigation Plan provides more detailed information on the mitigation
pro�ect goals design implementation and monitoring Upon receipt of agency concurrence
the Applicant will proceed with final design and construction documents for the proposed
mitigation
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2 0 PROPOSED MITIGATION
21 CONCEPT
Based upon an evaluation of a range of alternatives it is believed that the most appropriate
and environmentally preferable compensatory mitigat�on for the proposed wetland impacts
is the restoration of coastal marsh situated ad�acent to Orton Creek near the northern limits
of the existing rice fields The area of restoration currently consists of a targe dike and an
interior stand of common reed (Phragmites australis) which is hydrologically disconnected
from the tidal waters of Orton Creek Restoration work will involve the removal of the dike
Phragmites eradication grading and planting of characteristic coastal marsh vegetation
The proposed restoration area is 4 09 acres An additional 122 acres of existing uplands
within the Front rice field will be excavated to an elevation consistent with ad�acent existing
wetlands The resultant combined acreage of the restoration pro�ect is 5 31 acres
Therefore the total on site compensatory mitigation package of 5 31 acres of wetland
restoration will amply offset the total impacts of 4 85 acres of wetlands (of which 3 33 acres
of impact are to Low quality non tidal freshwater marsh as described below)
In order to accomplish the proposed restoration the existing dike ad�acent to Orton Creek
will be removed and relocated to the south This will result in some additional impact to low
value interior freshwater wetlands The footprint of the disturbance area associated with
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the relocated dike will be offset through expansion of the on site restoration footprint or
through purchase of riparian wetland credits �
2 2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The ob�ective of the proposed wetland mitigation is to restore the spatial extent of coastal
marsh in order to offset impacts associated with the proposed improvements to the historic
ricefields occurring on the property Both characteristic tidal hydrology and coastal marsh
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vegetation will be restored to areas that formerly consisted of coastal marsh habitat The
long term goal of the mitigation pro�ect is to establish marsh habitat ad�acent to Orton Creek
that will be functionally equivalent to nearby existing coastal marsh habitat occurring along
this portion of the Cape Fear River Ultimately the restored marsh will provide ecologic
functions (e g primary productivity nutrient retention/transformation detrital export and
faunal habitat) equivalent to natural occurring coastal marsh in the area Please refer to the
following section regarding existing wetland functions and proposed functional uplift
associated with the restoration work
2 3 WETLAND FUNCTIONS
2 3 1 NC WAM Summarv
The North Carolina Wetland Assessment Method (NC WAM) was used to determine the level
of function for the wetlands on the Orton Plantation property NC WAM (N C Wetland
Functional Assessment Team 2010) is an observationally based rapid assessment method
developed over the past several years by an interagency team of wetland regulators and
wetland experts in NC The ultimate result compares the wetland to a suitable reference
suite of relatively undisturbed wetlands and results in ratings of High (less disturbed)
Medium (moderately disturbed) or Low(highly disturbed)
The NC WAM evaluation (completed by Mr John Dorney and Mr Brad Allen of Atkins North
America on October 20 2011 and November 7 2011) showed that wetlands on the site are
of low overall functional value except for the salt/brackish marsh along the Cape Fear River
The following is a brief summary of the findings of this evaluation Note that the complete
findings (with supporting NC WAM forms) are included as Appendix A
Freshwater Wetlands Overall the rice field wetlands have Low levels of function regardless
of which specific field was evaluated This overall conclusion is consistent with the high level
of hydrologic manipulation associated with the long term rice field management which
resulted in our evaluating metric 2 (Surface and Sub surface Storage Capaaty and Duration)
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as C (Substantially altered) for all the rice fields Even the now cleared Riverine Swamp
Forest on the southern part of the Back Field (south of the Pine Island) had an overall low
level of function This condition is mainly due to the high degree of hydrologic manipulation
and the presence of about two to three feet of a quasi floating mat of organic debris over
mineral soil which makes this now cleared Riverine Swamp Forest very different in its
characteristics from a reference Riverine Swamp Forest Portions of the wetland in the
North Front Field have been exposed to salt water intrusion where the dike was temporarily
breached from amplified wave energy associated with the wakes of large ocean going
vessels utilizing the nearby federal navigation channel Overall this past salt water intrusion
has not altered the level of function of the wetland since it is of Low overall quality
throughout the North Front field
Salt/Brackish Marsh Wetlands Two sets of NC WAM forms have been completed for the
salt/brackish marsh along the Cape Fear River by John Dorney of Atkins staff One location
was rated on October 20 2011 near the�oint boundary of the North and South Front fields
where the salt marsh is wider and more stable and the second location was rated on
November 7 2011 at the narrower part of the marsh near the bulkhead�ust south of the old
breach near the middle of the North Front rice fields (Table 1 in Appendix A) The fringing
salt/brackish marsh along the Cape Fear River was evaluated at high tide near the mutual
boundary of the North and South fields This marsh was found to have a High level of
function although it is notable that it is being gradually and inexorably eroded from waves
and currents amplified by the wakes of large cargo vessels passing in close proximity to the
Orton Property As such it is uncertain how much longer it will remain in its present
condition The evaluation completed on the narrower marsh along the Cape Fear River
showed that it is of Medium overall quality (Medium for Hydrology function High for Water
Quality function and Low for Habitat function) The main reason that this salt/brackish
marsh is of lower quality than the marsh near the North and South Front field location is that
the this marsh is narrower(no more than 15 feet wide) and actively eroding which results in
its lower quality Since a large portion of the salt marsh to be impacted is of the lower
4

condition its replacement with High quality salt/brackish marsh mitigation should more than
offset the lost functions resulting from unavoidable wetland impacts
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2 3 2 Functional Uplift
The proposed marsh restoration pro�ect will have discernible benefits to wetland functions
of the existing site and is ultimately intended to provide the same level of ecological function
as nearby natural marsh areas Traditional functions of brackish marsh such as high primary
productivity nutrient transformation sediment retention nursery and foraging habitat and
flood attenuation will be restored via the proposed mitigation work The mitigation site is
particularly well suited for re establishment of these functions given its proximity to Orton
Creek and its historic condition Prior to the establishment of the dike wall and the
modification to site hydrology the mitigation area likely consisted of brackish marsh tidally
inundated by surface waters of Orton Creek Since the inception of the rice field
management (over 250 years ago) the area has been effectively disconnected from Orton
Creek and its associated floodplain processes The result is the reduced capacity for
sediment and nutrient retention loss of habitat and habitat connectivity (including the loss
of primary nursery area for fish and shelifish) modified oxidation/reduction processes
influencing biogeochemical cycling loss of detrital export function and increased erosion of
stream bank habitat In addition the present tidal marsh buffer along the south side of
Orton Creek has been significantly reduced in spatial extent (as a result of historic land use
practices) in comparison to that of the broad expanse of marsh buffer along the north side of
Orton Creek
Removal and relocation of the dike will immediately provide for significant expansion of the
riparian buffer along 1400 linear feet Orton Creek and will result in the restoration of tidal
processes contributing to enhanced detrital export (supporting food webs downstream)
biogeochemical cycling (resulting from hydrologic flux) and sediment retention In addition
the restored marsh will provide valuable nursery habitat for�uvenile finfish and shellfish as
well as foraging and refuge habitat for various bird mammal and amphibian wildlife In
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light of the documented functional rating of the impact areas the proposed restoration site
is considered an environmentally preferable alternative for providing compensatory
mitigation
3 0 SITE CHARACTERIZATION
The Orton Property is located on the west bank of the Cape Fear River approximately 8 5
miles south of the North Carolina State Port of Wilmington and approximately 14 miles from
the river mouth (Figure 1) The proposed mitigation site consists of an approximate 4 09
acre area located at the northern end of the North Front rice field and immediately south of
Orton Creek (Figure 2 through Figure 6) The estuary at this location is influenced by semi
diurnal tides (tidal amplitude = 417 ft) Salinities are highly variable pending freshwater
inflows and have been documented to be inversely correlated with average river flow
(Mallin et al 1999) Salinity at a nearby station �ust south of the site (Channel Marker 35)
ranged between 0 5 ppt and 24 ppt (mean = 11 2 ppt) over a two year monitoring period
(Mallin et al 1999) As such tidal waters at this location are best characterized as
mesohaline (i e moderately brackish) The soils of the restoration area consist of high
organic (muck) silty clay loam (mapped as Yaupon soil series by the Brunswick County Soil
Survey) Tidal wetland areas ad�acent to Orton Creek consist of very poorly drained silty clay
loam soils (Bohicket soil series) Refer to Figure 4 for the location and extent of mapped soil
units identified within and ad�acent to the proposed mitigation area
The proposed mitigation site is well suited for restoration work given its proximity to Orton
Creek and its historical condition Prior to the installation of dikes for conversion to rice
fields the area experienced inundation via semi diurnal tides of the riverl The site is
currently disconnected from tidal waters of Orton Creek and consists predominantly of 3 1
acres of a monoculture stand of Phragm►tes It is bounded by an existing dike and canal
(encompassing approximately 0 98 acres) that will be removed as part of the restoration
6

effort Based upon preliminary site evaluations the elevation of the interior rice field is
slightly lower (by approximately 1 ft) than the existing marsh substrate ad�acent to Orton
Creek This is a similar elevation to other areas near Orton and Lilliput Creeks which are
dominated by salt/brackish marsh However more detailed survey work will be required
prior to determining final grading volumes (see discussion below) Refer to Appendix B for
photo documentation of the ex�sting conditions of the mitigation site A copy of the
approved wetland boundary survey is provided as Appendix C
4 0 SITE DESIGN
The mitigation site design incorporates two zones of habitat manifesting from gradual
changes in substrate elevation and vegetative species composition (refer to Figure 7) The
two zones will include intertidal smooth cordgrass (Spartma alterniflora) and supratidal (i e
high marsh habitat The two zones and their corresponding acreage are listed below
(1) Intertidal 5 alterniflora marsh 3 8 ac
(2)Supratidal high marsh 0 3 ac
The design will favor increased habitat heterogeneity via the establishment of small tidal
channels These channels will provide a conduit for tidal flushing and exchange of detrital
material to ad�acent open waters In addition the channels w�ll provide an increased edge
effect that will favor fish utilization of restored S alterniflora habitat for feeding and refuge
Elevation is known to be an integral component to achieving compensation site success for
tidal marsh systems Indeed the proper elevation will help to ensure the duration and
amplitude of tidal inundation necessary for S altern►flora growth and rhizomal proliferation
As such prior to the completion of final design plans and construction documents a detailed
topographic survey of the proposed restoration site and ad�acent natural marsh areas will be
7

(
performed The elevation of the ad�acent marsh substrate along the north side of Orton
Creek will be used as a reference for establishing final grades of the restoration site That
being said the restored S alterniflora marsh will occupy the upper %Z of the tidal range
elevations (0 to +2 09 ft MSL) Refer to Figure 8 for typical existing and proposed profiles of
the restoration site
Once the dike wall and interior area has been cleared of vegetation and debris the dike
material will be excavated and graded to elevations consistent with ad�acent natural marsh
As indicated above the low and high marsh habitat ad�acent to Orton Creek will be used as a
reference site Based upon preliminary evaluations of existing grades it appears as though
the existing interior diked area is slightly lower than that of the ad�acent natural marshl
Material from the dike will be used to establish marsh elevations within the interior rice field
(including the footprint of the interior canal) Based upon final cut/fill volumes (to be
determined from detailed topographic survey) additional material may be needed to
establish appropriate grades
In an effort to m�mic naturally occurring marsh habitat the S alterniflora planting zone will
be sloped gently (1 3%) and will simulate the tidal range of the reference marsh Gentle
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increas(ng slopes will prevent undesirable ponding and potential dieback of plantings
associated with saline stress In addition the gentle slopes will dissipate wave energy
associated with storm events Waves generated from shipping traffic of the federally
maintained navigation channel are not anticipated to have any adverse effect since the
restoration site is situated within an interior more protected area along Orton Creek
Excavation and grading will be accomplished via land based mechanical equipment (e g
backhoe front end loader and bulldozer) Construction mats will be used to reduce
potential disturbance to wetland areas In addition an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan
� Lower substrate elevatton of mtenor nce field�s likely an art�fact of the comb�ned effects of(1)upstream
tmpoundments associated w�th Orton Pond(preventmg adequate sediment transport downstream) (2)h�stonc
d�sconnection of the mter�or d�ked area preventmg the occurrence of natural floodpla�n processes(e g fluv�al
`deposit�on) and(3)oxidation of su�cial organics dunng penods of managed low water cond�t�ons
8

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will be submitted prior to any excavation activitiesl A pro�ect scientist will be on site during
final grading to confirm construction grades and to ensure that surface elevations do not
deviate significantly from the pre construction intertidal contours An as built survey will
be conducted to document final construction grades
Small tidal conduits (i e channels ranging between 10 to 15 ft wide) will be excavated to
allow for semi diurnal flooding similar to the existing channels within the marsh on the north
side of Orton Creek The proposed channels will range in depth from—2 5 ft MSL to 0 ft MSL
The channel will be designed to ensure a proper hydrologic regime for the restored marsh
while concurrently minimizing impact to any existing marsh habitat The specific location
and dimensions of the channei wiil be determined during final design
5 0 SITE PLANTING
Nursery stock seedlings of S alterniflora grown specif�cally for salt/brackish marsh
restoration pro�ects in this region will be planted on 2 ft spacings in areas of suitable
elevation microtopography and substrate characteristics Planting locations will be within
the upper %2 of the tidal range and will be consistent with reference elevations of ad�acent
marsh The low marsh area will consist of approximately 3 8 ac (corresponding to
approximately 41400 seedlings) Additional high marsh vegetation w�ll be planted in a zone
between MHW and the high water level of storm tides Seedlings of giant cordgrass (S
cynusero�des) and black needlerush (Juncus roemerianus) will be planted on 2 ft spacings
across the entire high marsh area A narrow fringe of transitional scrub shrub will be
planted to provide substrate stabilization on graded contours above the restored wetland
area along the relocated dike Representative species of this planting zone will include
marsh elder(Iva frutescens) and wax myrtle (Morella cenfera)
9

It is anticipated that the planted wetland area will survive with limited mortality
Recruitment of new plant growth within the mitigation area will be promoted by active
rhizomal proliferation and seed dispersal of ad�acent natural stands The location of the site
(i e interior creek) will moderate any wave or current forces associated with the Cape Fear
River and associated shipping channel Nonetheless oyster shell cultch may be utilized to
help stabilize the eastern extent of the site immediately ad�acent to Orton Creek
6 0 SITE PERFORMANCE MONITORING
6 1 SUCCESS CRITERIA
Site success criteria are used to evaluate the development of a created or restored wetland
in relation to stated pro�ect goals and ob�ectives Monitoring of various biological and
physical parameters will help demonstrate the relative success of the marsh restoration site
Since this compensation pro�ect seeks to restore marsh habitat through plantings of nursery
stock 5 altern►flora and S cynuseroides seedlings the primary success criteria will be
(1) Demonstrated survival rate of plant►ngs and naturally colornzed md�v►duals to
meet or exceed 75% and
(2) Vegetative dens►ty of the restoration marsh to meet or exceed 75%of the density
of the reference marsh at the conclus►on of the monitoring penod
The Braun Blanquet (B B) Method (Braun Blanquet 1965) will be used to determine the
frequency of occurrence (i e surv�val) abundance and density of vegetation within the
restored marsh and the reference site The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) have utilized this method and recommend it as a
means of documenting marsh mitigation success (Richter pers comm 2000) The B B
method prescribes scale values corresponding to variations in percent vegetative cover in a
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i
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�
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designated quadrat (e g one meter square) From a survey of randomly selected quadrats
frequency of occurrence abundance and density can be calculated as foliows
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(1) Frequency of Occurrence = number of occupied quadrats / total number of
quadrats
(2) Abundance=sum of B B scale values/number of occupied quadrats and
(3) Density=sum of B B scale values/total number of quadrats
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Since marsh creation and restoration pro�ects can be susceptible to undesirable Phragmites
australis invasion a maintenance contingency measure will be necessary to ensure that
Phragmites does not out compete the planted species Phragm►tes has been demonstrated
to become the dominant species of disturbed marsh habitats through vigorous rhizomal
proliferation Indeed Phragmites is an opportunistic species that can alter its micro habitat
and create suitable conditions for self propagation While many eradication methods have
been attempted to control its spread Phragm►tes continues to be a problemat►c invasive
spec�es Increased salinity and flooding appear to be the most effective means in preventing
the establishment of Phragmites in restored or created marshes Periodic herbicide
application has also been demonstrated to limit its growth and invasive nature
For the Orton mitigation site it is expected that Phragmites will pose less of a threat due to
semi diurnal flooding of much of the site and the exposure to higher salinity waters If
Phragmites does prove to be a problem herbiade application rolling and physical removal
of culms may be necessary Maintenance contingency measures will be employed to ensure
that Phragm�tes remains below 20%of the total species density
The hydrologic regime of the restoration zones'will mimic that of the selected reference
,
marsh The S alterniflora zone will experience semi diurnal flooding of similar amplitudes
and duration as those of ad�acent natural 5 altern�flora stands In addition the high marsh
zone will experience soil saturation in the upper 12 inches of substrate and be periodically
11

i
inundated during storm tides (mimicking natural high marsh habitat) The reference marsh
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will be located within existing marsh habitat along the north side of Orton Creek The
specific location of the reference site will be identified and submitted to the agencies prior
to implementation of the mitigation pro�ect
6 2 MONITORING PLAN
Monitoring of the compensation site will be conducted near the end of each growing season
(September or October) to evaluate annual progress of the restoration effort Natural marsh
stands located ad�acent to the proposed mitigation area along the north side of Orton Creek
will also be monitored to provide reference data Planting densities will be calculated based
on percent cover within one meter square quadrats according to the B B method Meter
square quadrat sampling will be conducted along transects of each planting zone in the
restored marsh and transects of the reference areas Specific number and locations of
transects and quadrats will be identified in the final mitigation plan
Hydrology will be monitored each half hour through the use of automated tide gauges
Gauges will be installed in the restored marsh and within the reference marsh Hydrographs
depicting the frequency and duration of inundation and/or soil saturation will be prepared
for each planting zone/habitat type
Annual monitoring reports wiil be prepared and submitted for agency review each year by
March 15L for up to 5 years post construction Each report will provide qualitative and
quantitative information regarding the development of the site and will include an
evaluation of the restored area relative to the conditions of the natural reference marsh In
addition to survivorship and density average species height for each quadrat will be
recorded to monitor culm growth over the duration of the monitoring period Supplemental
qualitative observations (e g species recruitment and faunal presence)will also be recorded
If at the end of the 3 year monitoring period annual site success criteria have been met then
a request will be made to the reviewing agencies to cease monitoring If the site fails to
meet the stated performance criteria maintenance contingency measures (e g
12

�
�
i
supplemental planting and/or Phragmites growth control) will be implemented to rectify site
deficiencies Monitoring would then cont�nue to the point at which reviewing agencies
deem the site successful in accordance with the stated performance criteria
7 0 LONG-TERM SITE MANAGEMENT
Once the restoration pro�ect is deemed successful and performance monitoring is no longer
warranted the applicant will continue to be responsible for long term site management (� e
protection of property in its natural state) Activities (including grading discharge of
dredged or fill material dredging or any activity impacting site hydrology) that are
detrimental to the functional integrity of the site will be prohibited Upon completion of the
mitigation work a legal instrument (e g restrictive covenant or conservation easement) will
be developed to ensure the preservation of the 4 09 acre mitigation site in perpetuity It is
anticipated that a local land trust will be the grantee of the conservation easement deed
13

8 0 REFERENCE LITERATURE
Braun Blanquet J 1965 Plant Sociology The study of plant communities translated
revised and edited by C D Fuller and H S Conrad Hafner London
Broome S W E Seneca and W Woodhouse Jr 1982 Building and Stabilizing Coastal
Dunes with Vegetation Pub UNC Sea Grant 85 05
Broome S W 1990 Creation and restoration of tidal wetlands of the Southeastern United
States pp 37 72 in Kusler M E (eds ) Wetland Creat►on and Restoration the Status
of the Science Island Press Washington DC
Daiber F C 1986 Conservat►on of T►dal Marshes Van Nostrand Reinhold Co New
York
Hara T J van der Toorn and J H Mook 1993 Growth dynamics and size structure of
shoots of Phragmites austrplis a clonal plant J Ecol 81 47 60
Kusler J A and M C Kentula 1989 Wetland Creation and Restoration The Status of
the Science Corvallis OR U S EPA Environmental Research Lab
Mallin M A et al 1999 Water Quality in the Lower Cape Fear River System 1997 1998
Annual Report for the Lower Cape Fear River Program
Padgett D E and J L Brown 1999 Effects of drainage and soil organic content on
growth of Spartma alterniflora (Poaceae) in an artifiaal salt marsh mesocosm
Amer►can Journal of Botany 86(5) 697 702
Richter J Regulatory Specialist USACOE—Wilmington District Telephone
conversation November 2000
U S Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service 1986 Soil Survey of Brunswick
County North Carolina 120 pp
14

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APPENDIX A
NC WAM ASSESSMENT
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WETLAND FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
REPORT OF FINDINGS
Prepared by John Dorney Atkins Environmental
I BACKGROUND
The North Carolina Wetland Assessment Method (NC WAM)was used to conduct a
wetland functional assessment for this pro�ect as described below NC WAM was developed by
an interagency team including the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ)and the US Army Corps
of Engineers(USACE) NC WAM has been presented to the Environmental Management
Commission (EMC)and discussed at several scientific conferences
DWQ rules encourage use of a Wetland Evaluation Procedure that has widespread
acceptance in the scientific community (15A NCAC 2B 0103(c)) Similarly the Corps/EPA�oint
mitigation rule refers to an appropriate assessment method (Federal Register 73(70) 19703)
The Orton Team believes that use of NC WAM is appropnate for th►s pro�ect both from a state
and federal viewpoint Therefore NC WAM was used for this pro�ect to determine the existing
level of function for the wetlands on site
The purpose of the proposed permanent fills is to restore the revetments and repair
water control structures throughout the pro�ect while the temporary impact to the non tidal
freshwater marsh is to prepare the rice fields for regular replanting The Corps Public Notice (US
Army Corps of Engineers 2011) states that the rice fields will continue to remain wetlands after
these temporary impacts The pro�ect proposal is to fill and thereby permanently impact a total
of 3 33 acres of freshwater wetlandl 15 acres of coastal wetland and 6 4 acres of open water as
well as have temporary impacts to 333 74 acres of freshwater wetland Based upon an
evaluation of a range of alternatives it is believed that the most appropriate and
environmentally preferable compensatory mitigation for the proposed wetland impacts is to
provide high quality coastal marsh restoration on the Orton Plantation property(i e on site )to
compensate for the unavoidable impacts of the pro�ect As documented in the mitigation plan
the proposed mitigation will provide functional uplift that meets or exceeds the functions of the
low value freshwater wetlands and the high value salt/brackish marsh that will be impacted by
the pro�ect
Compensatory wetland mitigation is normally only required for permanent impacts to
wetlands—indeed the Division of Water Quality s rules refer to unavoidable losses of existing
uses and replacement of wetland acres lost 15A NCAC 2H 0506(h)(6) Therefore no
1 As described in section 3(a)of this report(page 5) the proposed compensatory mitigation(on site salt/brackish
marsh restoration)may result in an increase m the total area of disturbance to low value non tidal freshwater
marsh This disturbance wdl be unavoidable as part of the restoration effort and will be offset accordmgly as
described in the mitigation plan
1

�
mitigation is proposed for temporary impacts especially considering that the freshwater
wetlands are rated Low value The open water impacts should not require compensatory
mitigation since these impacts affect ditches on the property or are needed to stabilize the
revetments to continue to protect the nce fields Therefore compensatory mitigation is
proposed for the 1 5 acres of impact to high value salt marsh and 3 33 acres of impact to low
value non tidal freshwater marsh
According to Kelly Williams with the NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) EEP
has coastal salt marsh credits available in the appropriate 8 digit HUC However the Orton
Plantation team believes that high quality opportunities exist on site to conduct the required
salt marsh mitigation which will replace the unavoidably impacted marsh immediately ad�acent
to the site of the impact This approach is outlined below
II WETLAND FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
NC WAM was used to determine the level of function for the wetlands on the Orton Plantation
property NC WAM (N C Wetland Functional Assessment Team 2010) is an observationally based
rapid assessment method developed over the past several years by an interagency team of wetland
regulators and wetland experts in NC The ultimate result compares the wetland to a suitable reference
suite of relatively undisturbed wetlands and results in ratings of High (less disturbed) Medium
(moderately disturbed) or Low (highly disturbed) On October 20 2011 John Dorney and Brad Allen
from Atkins conducted a site visit to the wetlands at Orton Plantation in order to evaluate the level of
function of these wetlands using the most current version (Version 4 1)of the NC WAM The purpose of
this work was to visit representative locations of each of these wetlands and conduct an NC WAM
evaluation in order to support the permit application and eventual compensatory mitigation plan for
unavoidable impacts to these wetlands 7hese evaluations update those included with the 404
application package Because of the complexity of the site and the lack of directly comparable reference
sites the initial NC WAM evaluations erroneously rated the value of the wetlands within the rice fields
as determined by Mr porney and Mr Allen both of whom were actively involved in the development of
NC WAM and have been instructors for all 12 classes taught to date The updated evaluations
accurately reflect the level of function present in the Orton Plantation wetlands This evaluation showed
that wetlands on the site are of Low overall functional value except for the salt/brackish marsh along the
Cape Fear River(see follow�ng discussion)
a Hydrolog�cal Background
Mr Dillon Epp (Orton Plantation Pro�ect Manager)was first queried concerning the past and
present practices of land and water management on the Orton Plantation area The purpose of
obtaining this narrative was to document the substantial alterations to the natural hydrologic regime
and the resultant vegetation change that occurred (and continues to occur) in response to this
alteration The area was first impacted in the early 1700 s with construction of Orton Pond (the Pond)
which is an 880 acre five mile long pond built to supply gravity fed water to the rice plantation along
Orton Creek and the Cape Fear River Land for the rice plantation was probably cleared shortly
thereafter Originally the front fields as well as fields#1 and#9 were probably salt/brackish marshes
and the back field was probably riverine swamp forest based on their position in the landscape relative
to the location of Orton Creek the Cape Fear River and local topography(Figure 1) Water flowed from
2

the Pond to the fields when it was needed for rice cultivation At other times which was the
predominant condition water from the Pond flowed (and flows)down the Pond spillway channel to the
Cape Fear River The rice fields were and are allowed to dry out in the early spring when historically
the land was plowed by mule and oxen and then planted to rice As the rice grew water was gradually
added to the rice fields to keep the growing rice in standing water but the water level was kept below
the top of the growing rice plants Planting occurred in April and rice was harvested in September The
fields were allowed to dry out before harvest One crop of rice was grown annually Since rice was only
grown for about 90 days (with some additional land preparation time and drying time for harvest)
during most of the year water flowed from Orton Pond via the spillway channel to the Cape Fear River
Rice was grown until 1931 when a severe blight hit the area and prevented rice cultivation
After that time water levels in the rice fields were managed for waterfowl but with approximately the
same schedule Eventually Phra�mites began to invade the fields and despite efforts to control it
Phra�mites eventually took over the fields particularly the North Front Field and the South Front Field
The Phra�mites was sprayed in late 2011 and the applicant plans to control its growth in the future
It is also apparent from historical aerial photos that portions of the North Front and South Front
fields were used as spoil disposal areas from dredging the Cape Fear River This was confirmed by soil
sampling that was done during the NC WAM evaluations which found predominately sandy soils in
several locations in the North Front and South Front fields including a 122 acre upland location in the
North Front field
b Results of NC WAM evaluation
A total of twelve(12) NC WAM forms were completed at ten locations with soil samples taken at
each location as well as observations of wetland condition (Table 1 and Figure 1) Multiple forms were
completed on the North Front Field Field#1 and the Back Field since sl�ghtly different soil conditions
were found within these locations Since no differences were found between the levels of function
within these fields despite the different soil conditions the data were combined into a single evaluation
per field Completed sheets for the ten sites are attached to this report as supporting documentation
Freshwater wetlands Overall the rice field wetlands have Low levels of function regardless of
which specific field was evaluated This overall conclusion is consistent with the high level of hydrologic
manipulation as described above wh�ch resulted in our evaluating metric 2 (Surface and Sub surface
Storage Capacity and Duration) as C (Substantially altered)for all the rice fields Even the now cleared
Riverine Swamp Forest on the southern part of the Back Field (south of the Pine Island) had an overall
low level of function This condition is mainly due to the high degree of hydrologic manipulation and the
presence of about two to three feet of a quasi floating mat of organic debris over mineral soil which
makes this now cleared Riverine Swamp Forest very different in its characteristics from a reference
Riverine Swamp Forest Portions of the wetland in the North Front Field have been exposed to salt
water intrusion where the dike was temporarily breached due to the erosive forces of tides in the Cape
Fear River amplified by wave action resulting from ships using the nearby Corps maintained Cape Fear
shipping channel Overall this past salt water intrusion has not altered the level of function of the
wetland since it is of Low overall quality throughout the North Front field
3

t
Salt/brackish marsh wetlands Two sets of NC WAM forms have been completed for the salt/brackish
marsh along the Cape Fear River by John Dorney of Atkins�staff One location was rated on October 20
2011 near the�oint boundary of the North and South Front fields where the salt marsh is wider and
more stable and the second location was rated on November 7 2011 at the narrower part of the marsh
near the bulkhead�ust south of the old breach near the middle of the North Front rice fields (Table 1)
The fringmg salt/brackish marsh along the Cape Fear River was evaluated at high tide near the mutual
boundary of the North and South fields This marsh was found to have a High level of function although
it is notable that it is being gradually and inexorably eroded from boat wakes from the Cape Fear
shipping channel in the Cape Fear River so it is uncertain how much longer it will remain in its present
condition The evaluation done on the narrower marsh along the Cape Fear River[showed that it is of
Medium overall quality(Medium for Hydrology function High for Water Quality function and Low for
Habitat function)] The main reason that this salt/brackish marsh is of lower quality than the marsh near
the North and South Front field locatron is that the this marsh is narrower(no more than 15 feet wide)
and actively eroding which results in its lower quality Since a large portion of the salt marsh to be
impacted is of the lower condition its replacement with High quality salt/brackish marsh mitigation
should more than offset the unavoidably lost functions
�
4

i
Table 1 NC WAM evaluations of the levei of wetland function for wetlands at Orton Plantation
Location Wetiand Type Hydrology Water Quatity Habitat Overall Value
North Front Non tidal Medium Low Low Low
Field freshwater
marsh
South Front Non tidal Medium Low Low Low
Field freshwater
marsh
Tidal marsh Salt/brackish High High High High
along Cape marsh
Fear River at
North and
South Front
field boundary
Tidal marsh Salt/brackish Medium High Low Medium
along Cape marsh
Fear River
near
bulkheaded
area
Field #1 Non tidal Medium Low Low Low
freshwater
marsh
Field#9 Non tidal Medium Low Low Low
freshwater
marsh
Back field near Non tidal Medium Low Low Low
access road freshwater
marsh
Back field Riverine Low Low Low Low
south of pine swamp forest
island
5

III CITATIONS
N C Wetland Functional Assessment Team 2010 N C Wetland Assessment Method (NC
WAM) User Manual Version 4 1 Available at
http//portal ncdenr or�/c/document librarv/�et file7uuid=76f3c58b dab8 4960 ba43
45b7faf06f4c&�roupld=38
US Army Corps of Engineers 2011 Public Notice for Orton Plantation Holdings October 5
2011 Corps Action ID# SAW-2011 00624
6

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Figure 1
Approximate locations of NC WAM field evaluations conduced on October 20, 2011
and November 7, 2011
1= North Field (two locations)
2=South Field �
3=Salt/brackish marsh along Cape Fear River near boundary of North and South Front fields
4=Salt/brackish marsh along Cape Fear River near bulkheaded area
5 = Field # 1 (two locations)
6= Field#9
7= Back field near access road
8= Back field south of pine island

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompames User Manual Version 41
Ratin Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Field#1 along Orton Creek south Date 10/20/2011
portion
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Organization Dorne Allen Atkms
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
River Basm Cape Fear USGS 8 Dig�t Catalogue Unit 03030005
❑ Yes � No Prec�p�tation w�thin 48 hrs� Latitude/Lon �tude deci de rees 34 061028 77 947993
Evidence of stressors affectmg the assessment area(may not be within the assessment area)
Please arcle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropnate in
recent past(for instance within 10 years) Noteworthy stressors include but are not limited to the followmg
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges contammg obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality insect damage disease storm damage salt intrusion etc)
HabitaUplant commurnty alteration(examples mowmg clear cutting exotics etc)
Is the assessment area intensrvely managed? ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWQ ripanan buffer rule m effect
❑ Abuts a Pnmary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern(AEC)(including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference commurnty
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tr�butary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is assoc�ated with the wetland �f any�(check all that apply)
� Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal(if tidal check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island� ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver� ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex enence overbank floodin durm normal rainfall conditions� ❑ Yes � No
1 Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition—assessment area condition metric
Check a box m each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) m the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) m
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
�A ❑A Not severely altered
❑B �B Severely altered over a ma�onty of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks bedding fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mecharncal disturbance herbicides salt intrusion [where appropriate] exotic species grazing
less diversity[if appropnate] hydrologic alteration)
2 Surface and Sub Surface Storage Capacity and Duration—assessment area condition metnc
Check a box m each column Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Sur� and sub surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub) Consider both mcrease and decrease in hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolma
hydrre sods(see USACE Wilmington District website)for the zone of mfluence of ditches in hydric sods A ditch<_1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only whde a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect bofh surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if applicable
Surf Sub
❑A ❑A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not sufficient to change vegetation)
�C �C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change)(examples draining floodmg sod compaction filling excessive sedimentation underground utility lines)
3 Water Storage/Surface Relief—assessment area/wetland type condition metric (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box in each column Select the appropnate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA VV'f
3a DA �A Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑C ❑C Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 mches deep
3b �A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4 Soil Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metnc
Check a box from each of the three sod property groups below Dig soil profile in the dommant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations within the top 12 inches Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Sods gwdance for regional
indicators
4a DA Sandy sod
❑B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features(concentrations depletions or rhizospheres)
❑C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features �
�D Loamy or clayey gleyed sod
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b �A Sod ribbon< 1 inch
❑B Sod ribbon? 1 inch
4c ❑A No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discharge into Wetland—opportunity metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surfl and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
Surf Sub
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entenng the wetland and stressing but not overwhelming the
treatment capaaty of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entermg the assessment area and
potentially overwhelmmg the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opporturnty metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation mvolves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
draining to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS) within 5 miles and within the watershed drammg to the assessment
area(5M) and within 2 mdes and within the watershed draining to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
�A ❑A ❑A >10%impervious surfaces
❑B ❑B ❑B < 10%impervious surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined animal operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D ?20°/ coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E >20%coverage of agricultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F >_20/o coverage of mamtained grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G >_20%coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opporturnty to improve water quality Lack of opporturnty may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affectmg the assessment area
7 Wetland Actmg as Vegetated Buffer—assessment area/wetland complex condition metr�c
7a Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water�
❑Yes �No If Yes contmue to 7b If No skip to Metric 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descnptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
❑A ?50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tnbutary width If the tnbutary is anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
❑<_15 feet wide ❑> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tributary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water�
❑Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
❑Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
❑Exposed—ad�acent open water with width?2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland Width at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Check a box �n each column for nverine wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries ,
WT WC
�A �A ? 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to<15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Duration—assessment area condition metnc
Answer for assessment area dominant landform
�A Evidence of short duration inundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of inundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long duration mundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposition—assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth since deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelming the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland
11 Wetland S�ze—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundanes of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(rf apphcable)
�A �A ❑A >_500 acres
❑B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
�E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
❑F ❑F ❑F From 5 to< 10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K ❑K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosins only)
�A Pocosin is the full extent(?90%)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosin type is<90°/ of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectrvity to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metric
13a Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropnate) Boundaries are formed by four lane roads regularly maintamed utdity Ime
corridors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes maintained fields(pasture and agriculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosefy
�A DA >_500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E <10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
❑Yes �No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metric(skip for all marshes)
May involve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges Artificial edges mclude
non forested areas?40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly maintained utdity line corndors and clear cuts Consider
the eight mam points of the compass
❑A No artifiaal edge within 150 feet m all directions
❑B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet m more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetative Compos�t+on—assessment area condit�on metric(skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑A Vegetation is close to reference condition m species present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropriate
species with exotic plants absent or sparse withm the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition m species diversity or proportions but stdl largely composed of native speaes
charactenstic of the wetland type This may mclude communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
cleanng It also includes commurnties with exotics present but not dominant over a large portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non characteristic
species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a smgle species) Exotic species are dommant in at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metnc(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh onlyj
❑A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed pnmardy of native species(< 10%cover of exotics)
�B Vegetation diversity is low or has> 10/ to 50/ cover of exotics
❑C Vegetation is dommated by exotic species(>50°/ cover of exotics)

17 Vegetatrve Structure—assessment area/wetland type cond�tion metric
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metric 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A ?25°/ coverage of vegetation
❑B <25%coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metnc for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)separately
AA VV"f
T
o❑A ❑A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps associated with natural processes
�❑B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
U❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
T
�DA ❑A Dense mid story/sapling layer
�❑B ❑B Moderate density mid story/sapling layer
�❑C ❑C Mid story/saplmg layer sparse or absent
��A ❑A Dense shrub layer
L❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
�❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
��A ❑A Dense herb layer
_�B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metric
�A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
19 Diameter Class Distribution—wetland type condition metric
❑A Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems>6 inches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 inches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH few are> 12 inch DBH
�C Ma�onty of canopy trees are<6 mches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debris—wetland type condition metric
Include both natural debris and man placed natural debris
�A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches m diameter or large relative to species present and landscape stability)
❑B Not A
21 Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion—wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season Patterned
areas mdicate vegetated areas whde solid white areas indicate open water
�A ❑B ❑C �D
�, �. (�' ("'-�... � ,
l~�.;,-�,--�.1 f~��.%,.�� �s—`"�`� ' ����� "�
� � � � � � � z i
�z�1 j�����"°�\ (� '� ��1 a� {� ���r` �a ja .e r s�\
�,'�-..��������� ��������m � [� ��„����p��,1���j�
hv
'L.
--.,`�� --�,��' �� —�,,� �
22 Hydrologic Connectrvity—assessment area condition metnc(evaluate for ripanan wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity mclude intensive ditchmg fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream inasion
�A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
�D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered m the assessment area
Notes
Phragmites and fox tad mdlet dominant with dead red maple and Baccharus lateral ditching from ditches berm along perimeter faang Orton
Creek ditch spacing at 55 feet in quarter ditch fields flooded to about two feet deep nm ditches get salt water at times about 4 feet deep
According to Ddlon Epp water management(for most of past 200 years)is very extensive Fields flooded from April to September to grow rice
(gradually raismg water level throughout growing season) but flow diverted around area most of rest of year Histonc plowing with mules and
oxen in early spring to allow planting of nce by see Site reqwred to dry out before harvest Most water flows thru bypass channel Outer dikes
no regular flow connection to river and streams Last rice crop m 1931 and front field managed for waterfowl after that untd Phragmites and
dike breaches developed in last several decades Field# 1 is 11 acres in size Recent breach in dike with resultant plant death and standmg
water 6 in places Some logs in spod pdes in places

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 41
Rating Calculator Vers�on 41
Wetland Site Name Field#1 along Orton Creek south portion Date of Assessment 10/20/2011
Dorney Allen
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Organization Atkins
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is mtensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located withm 50 feet of a natural tnbutary or other open water (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area expenences overbank flooding dunng normal ramfall conditions (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N) NO
Sub function Ratmg Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Ratm
Hydrology Surtace Storage and Retention Condition NA
Sub surtace Storage and Retention Condition NA
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition NA
Condition/Opporturnty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Particulate Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Soluble Change Condition NA
Condition/Opporturnty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Physical Change Condition NA
Condition/Opporturnty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Pollution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition LOW
Landscape Patch Structure Condition HIGH
Vegetation Composition Condition MEDIUM
Function Ratmg Summary
Function Metrics Ratin
Hydrology Condition MEDIUM
Water Quality Condition LOW
Condition/Opporturnty LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetland Rating �ow

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompan�es User Manual Vers�on 41
Ratin Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name F�eld#1 along Orton Creek north Date 10/20/2011
portion
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Organ�zation Dorne Allen Atkins
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
River Basm Cape Fear USGS 8 Digit Catalogue Umt 03030005
❑ Yes � No Preci itation within 48 hrs? Latitude/Longitude deci de rees 34 062055 77 948046
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area(may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropriate in
recent past(for instance withm 10 years} Noteworthy stressors include but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges mto the wetland (examples discharges contammg obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality insect damage disease storm damage salt intrusion etc)
HabitaUplant commurnty alteration(examples mowing clear cuttmg exotics etc)
Is the assessment area mtensrvely managed� ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected speaes or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern(AEC)(including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland if any�(check all that apply)
� Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal(if tidal check one of the followmg boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal�sland? ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank floodm durin normal rainfall conditions� ❑ Yes � No
1 Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition—assessment area condition metnc
Check a box m each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
�A ❑A Not severely altered
❑B �B Severely altered over a ma�ority of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks bedding fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechanical disturbance herbicides salt intrusion [where appropriate] exotic species grazing
less diversity[if appropriate] hydrologic atteration)
2 Surface and Sub Surface Storage Capacity and Duration—assessment area condition metnc
Check a box in each column Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surfl and sub surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub) Consider both increase and decrease m hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditchmg guidance for North Carolina
hydric sods(see USACE Wdmington District website)for the zone of influence of ditches m hydnc sods A ditch<_1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only whtle a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if applicable
Surf Sub
❑A ❑A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not suffiaent to change vegetation)
�C �C Water storage capaaty or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change)(examples draining flooding sod compaction filling excessive sedimentation underground utd�ty lines)
3 Water Storage/Surface Relief—assessment area/wetland type condition metric (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box in each column Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA VV'f
3a ❑A ❑A Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�onty of wetland�nnth depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑C ❑C Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 inches deep
3b �A Evidence that maximum depth of mundation is greater than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod TexturelStructure—assessment area condition metnc
Check a box from each of the three sod property groups below Dig sod profile in the dommant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations withi� the top 12 �nches Use most recent National Techrncal Committee for Hydric Sods guidance for regional
indicators
4a ❑A Sandy sod
❑B Loamy or clayey sods exhibiting redoximorphic features(concentrations depletions or rhizospheres)
�C Loamy or clayey soils not exhibitmg redoximorphic features
❑D Loamy or clayey gleyed soA
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b �A Sod nbbon< 1 inch i
❑B Sod ribbon?1 mch
4c ❑A No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discharge into Wetland—opportumty metr�c
Check a box in each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Sur� and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
Surf Sub
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing but not ovenruhelmmg the
treatment capaaty of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entenng the assessment area and
potentially overwhelmmg the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportumty metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
draining to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS) within 5 mdes and within the watershed draming to the assessment
area(5M) and within 2 mdes and within the watershed draming to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
�A �A ❑A >10/o impervious surfaces
❑B ❑B � ❑B <10%impervious surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined animal operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D ?20/o coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E >_20%coverage of agncultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F >_20%coverage of mamtained grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G ?20°/ coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opportunity to improve water quality Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent dramage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area
7 Wetland Actmg as Vegetated Buffer—assessment area/wetland complex condition metnc
7a Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tnbutary or other open water�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 7b If No skip to Metric 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
�A ?50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tributary width If the tnbutary is anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
❑<_15 feet wide �> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tributary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water'�
�Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
�Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
❑Exposed—ad�acent open water with width>_2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland Width at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Check a box m each column for r�verme wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundanes
WT WC
�A �A ? 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to< 15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Duration—assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform
❑A Evidence of short duration inundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of mundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long-duration mundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposition—assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth since deposition)
�A Sediment depos�tion is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelming the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland
11 Wetland Size—wetland typelwetland complex condition metric
Check a box m each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metnc evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable see User
Manual} See the User Manual for boundanes of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(if applicable)
�A �A ❑A >_500 acres
❑B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
�E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
❑F ❑F ❑F From 5 to< 10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K ❑K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosms only)
❑A Pocosin is the full extent(?90°/)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosin type is<90%of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectrvity to Other Natural Areas—landscape condit�on metric
13a Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked m each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropriate) Boundanes are formed by four lane roads regularly maintained utdity line
corridors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes mamtamed fields(pasture and agnculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosely
�A ❑A ?500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E <10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
❑Yes �No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metric(skip for all marshes)
May involve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges Artificial edges mclude
non forested areas?40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly mamtamed utdity line corndors and clear cuts Consider
the eight main pomts of the compass
DA No artificial edge within 150 feet in all directions
❑B No artificial edge withm 150 feet in four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artific�al edge occurs within 150 feet m more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetative Composition—assessment area condition metric(skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
�A Vegetation is close to reference condition in speaes present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropriate
species with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition m species diversity or proportions but stdl largely composed of native speaes
characteristic of the wetland type This may mclude communities of weedy native speaes that develop after clearcutting or
cleanng It also mcludes commurnties with exotics present but not dominant over a large portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non charactenstic
species or at least one stratum mappropnately composed of a single species) Exotic species are dominant in at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metnc(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
�A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed pnmanly of native species(<10/ cover of exotics)
�B Vegetation diversity is low or has> 10°/ to 50/o cover of exotics
❑C Vegetation is dommated by exotic species(>50 /o cover of exotics)

17 Vegetative Structure—assessment area/wetland type condit�on metnc
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metnc 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A ?25%coverage of vegetation
❑B <25/ coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box m each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metric for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA)and the wetland type {WT)separately
AA VVl'
o❑A ❑A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps assoaated with natural processes
�❑B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
U�C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
�
�❑A ❑A Dense mid story/sapling layer
��B ❑B Moderate density mid story/saplmg layer
�❑C ❑C Mid story/sapling layer sparse or absent
��A DA Dense shrub layer
�❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
�❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
��A DA Dense herb layer
_�B ❑B Moderate density herb�ayer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metric
�A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
19 Diameter Class Distribution—wetland type condition metric
�A Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems>6 inches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 inches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems befinreen 6 and 12 inches D8H few are> 12�nch DBH
�C Ma�ority of canopy trees are<6 inches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debris—wetland type condition metnc
Include both natural debris and man placed natural debns
�A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 mches m diameter or large relatrve to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
21 Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion—wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of mterspersion between vegetation and open water in the growmg season Patterned
areas indicafe vegetated areas whde solid white areas indicate open water
❑A ❑B ❑C �D
�-. �-.. {-.. r�� r-- r��,.... �.� r ,�
��^�� �� ��� �'� �� r-``�� ����� �
����� r}�?�, �'�� ��� ��g����.�� � 4� �k���,��� � �,�����
� �� F ��ti � �� � ��� � t
����� �1�l l � �_� �.���'l ,11 � '�`��� ��� ;J
�_-�'�../ `�^�.��� ����,' �.._''� /
22 Hydrologic Connectivity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrolog�c connectivity include intensive ditching fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream incision
❑A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered m the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
�D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area
Notes
Phragmites and fox tad mdlet dominant lateral ditchmg from ditches berm along perimeter facing Orton Creek ditch spacmg at 55 feet in
quarter ditch fields flooded to about two feet deep nm ditches get salt water at times about 4 feet deep According to Dillon Epp water
management(for most of past Z00 years} is very extensive Fieids Flooded from Aprd to September to grow nce(gradually ra�smg water level
throughout growing season) but flow diverted around area most of rest of year Historic plowing with mules and oxen in early spnng to allow
plantmg of rice by see Site required to dry out before harvest Most water flows thru bypass channel Outer dikes no regular flow connection
to nver and streams Last nce crop in 1931 and front field managed for waterfowl after that untd Phragmites and dike breaches developed in
last several decades Field#1 is 11 acres in s�ze Recent breach in dike with resultant plant death and standmg water 6 m places

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 4 1
Rating Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Field#1 along Orton Creek north portion Date of Assessment 10/20/2011
Dorney Allen
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Organization Atkms
Notes on Field Assessment Form(Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N) YES
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area expenences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is on a coastal island (YJN) NO
Sub function Rating Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Surtace Storage and Retention Condition NA
Sub surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Particulate Change Condition NA
ConditioNOpportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Soluble Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportumty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Physical Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportumty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Pollution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition LOW
Landscape Patch Structure Condition HIGH
Vegetation Composition Condition MEDIUM
Funct�on Rating Summary
Function Metncs Rating
Hydrology Condition MEDIUM
Water Quality Condition LOW
Condition/Opportunity LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetland Rating �ow

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompan�es User Manual Version 41
Rat�n Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Back Field south portion in recently Date 10/20/2011
cleared area
Wetland Type Rivenne Swamp Forest Assessor Name/Organization Dorne Allen Atkins
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plam Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
Rrver Basin Cape Fear USGS 8 Dig�t Catalogue Unit 03030005
❑ Yes � No Preci itation w�thin 48 hrs? Latitude/Lon itude deci degrees 34 054499 77 957321
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area(may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropnate m
recent past(for instance within 10 years) Noteworthy stressors include but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges containing obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality insect damage disease storm damage salt mtrusion etc)
Habitat/plant community alteration(examples mowing clear cutting exotics etc)
Is the assessment area intensrvely managed? ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWQ ripanan buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Pnmary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern(AEC)(including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP referertce community
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tnbutary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland if any?(check all that apply)
� Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal(if tidal check one of the followmg boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surFace water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank floodm durin normal ramfall cond�tions� ❑ Yes � No
1 Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition—assessment area condition metr�c
Check a box in each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) m
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
DA DA Not severely altered
�B �B Severely altered over a ma�ority of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks beddmg fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechanical disturbance herbicides salt intrusion [where appropriate] exotic species grazing
less diversity[if appropriate] hydrologic alteration}
2 Surface and Sub Surface Storage Capacity and Duration—assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Sur� and sub surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub) Consider both mcrease and decrease m hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditchmg guidance for North Carolma
hydric soils(see USACE Wilmmgton District website)for the zone of influence of ditches in hydnc soils A ditch<_1 foot deep is considered
to affect surFace water only whde a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if apphcable
Surf Sub
❑A �A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not sufficient to change vegetation)
�C �C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change)(examples drairnng flooding soil compaction filling excessive sedimentation underground utdity lines)
3 Water Storage/SurFace Rel�ef—assessment area/wetland type condition metric (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box in each column Select the appropnate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(Wf)
AA VV'f
3a ❑A ❑A Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
�C �C Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 mches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 mches deep
3b �A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three sod property groups below Dig sod profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations within the top 92 inches Use most recent National Techrncal Committee for Hydnc Sods guidance for regional
indicators
4a ❑A Sandy sod
❑B Loamy or clayey sods exhibiting redoximorphic features(concentrations depletions or rhizospheres)
�C Loamy or clayey sods not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑D Loamy or clayey gleyed sod
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b �A Sod ribbon<1 mch
❑B Soil ribbon>_1 inch
4c ❑A No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discharge into Wetland—opportunity metric
Check a box m each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Sur� and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges inctude presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
Surf Sub
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entermg the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entermg the wetland and stressing but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entenng the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportumty metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation mvolves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
draining to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS) withm 5 mdes and within the watershed drairnng to the assessment
area(5M) and within 2 mdes and within the watershed draining to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
�A �A ❑A >10%impervious surFaces
❑B ❑B ❑B <10%impervious surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined animal operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D >_20%coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E ?20/o coverage of agncultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F ?20°/ coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G ?20°/ coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opportunity to improve water quality Lack of opporturnty may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area
7 Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer—assessment area/wetland complex condit�on metric
7a Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water�
❑Yes �No If Yes continue to 7b If No skip to Metric 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
❑A ?50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tributary width If the tnbutary is anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
❑<_15 feet wide ❑> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tnbutary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tnbutary/open water�
❑Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
❑Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
❑Exposed—ad�acent open water with width>_2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland Width at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric(evaluate for nparian wetiands only)
Check a box in each column for rivenne wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundanes
WT WC
�A �A >_ 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to<15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Duration—assessment area cond�t�on metric
Answer for assessment area dommant landform
❑A Evidence of short duration inundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of inundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long-duration mundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposit�on—assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only(no piant growth since deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overvvhelmmg the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland
11 Wetland Size—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FV1� (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
UVT WC FW(if applicable)
DA �A �A ?500 acres
❑B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
�E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
❑F ❑F ❑F From 5 to<10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K �K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑A Pocosin is the full extent(?90%)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosin type is<90°/ of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectrvity to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metric
13a Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked �n each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropriate) Boundaries are formed by four lane roads regularly maintamed utdity line
corridors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes maintained fields (pasture and agnculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosely
�A �A >_500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E < 10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
❑Yes ❑No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type cond�tion metnc(skip for all marshes)
May mvolve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artifiaal edges Artificial edges include
non forested areas Z 40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly maintained utdity line corridors and clear cuts Consider
the eight main points of the compass
�A No artificial edge within 150 feet m all directions
❑B No artificial edge within 150 feet m four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetative Compos�tion—assessment area condition metnc(skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
�A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropriate
species with exotic plants absent or sparse withm the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition m speaes diversity or proportions but stdl largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type This may include commurnties of weedy native species that develop after clearcuttmg or
clearmg It also mcludes commumties with exotics present but not dommant over a large portion of the expected strata
�C
Vegetation severely altered from reference m composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non charactenstic
species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a smgle species) Exotic species are dominant in at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metnc(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
�A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed pnmanly of native species(<10/o cover of exotics)
❑B Vegetation diversity is low or has> 10°/ to 50°/ cover of exotics
❑C Vegetation is dominated by exotic speaes(>50 /o cover of exotics)

17 Vegetative Structure—assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metric 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A ?25/ coverage of vegetation
❑6 <25/o coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metric for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)separately
AA WT
o�A �A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps associated with natural processes
�❑B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
c��C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
T
�❑A DA Dense mid story/sapling layer
��B �B Moderate density mid story/saplmg layer
g�C ❑C Mid story/sapling layer sparse or absent
��A ❑A Dense shrub layer
r�B �B Moderate density shrub layer
��C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
��A �A Dense herb layer
_�B �B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metric
�A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stability)
�B Not A
19 D�ameter Class D�stribution—wetland type cond�tion metric
❑A Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems>6 inches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 inches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 mches DBH few are> 12 inch DBH
�C Ma�ority of canopy trees are<6 inches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debris—wetland type condit�on metric
Include both natural debns and man placed natural debris
❑A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches in diameter or large relative to species present and landscape stability)
�B Not A
21 Vegetat�on/Open Water Dispersion—wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growmg season Patterned
areas mdicate vegetated areas whde solid white areas indicate open water
DA ❑B ❑C ❑D
� �''�,,
/ 1 � �'�1. � 1 s ,� � ^n��r
���^.�' �"\� p � `"f�.�y 4�r� .+'"' /.� e"�E j"1�••}�Yt��z
(�°�,� r��7����� ��� ������� �-� El ���� ��� ������
�. `r''�����11 � _�'�����1 �,-- /`) � ����; � 1
`�`~� ~�.:.J ��`a"�%..� �� i
22 Hydrologic Connectivity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for npar�an wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream mcision
�A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
�D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area
Notes
Area is cleared nvenne swamp forest with remaining herbaceous cover Was dominated by red maple some cypress and pme and wax myrtle
20 to 30 feet tall Now all cleared but ground surface intact Lateral ditching from ditches berm along perimeter facing Orton Creek ditch
spacmg at 55 feet in quarter ditch fields flooded to about two feet deep nm ditches get salt water at times about 4 feet deep According to
Dillon Epp water management(for most of past 200 years) is very extensive Fields flooded from Apnl to September to grow rice (gradually
raising water level throughout growing season)but flow diverted around area most of rest of year Historic plowmg with mules and oxen in early
sprmg to allow planting of nce by see Site required to dry out before harvest Most water flows thru bypass channel Outer dikes no regular
flow connection to river and streams Last rice crop in 1931 and front field managed for waterfowl after that untd Phragmites and dike breaches
developed m last several decades Back field is 85 acres in size total and riverine swamp forest portion appx one half of that total area Ground
surface is a floating mat of orgarnc debris about 2 3 feet deep over mineral sod Very unstable ground surface even before cleanng Mat
probably reflects very long term rice cultivation and subsequent marshy sod development which is very different from reference nverme swamp
forest sod

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manuai Version 4 1
Rating Calculator Version 41
Back Field south portion in recently
Wetland Site Name cleared area Date of Assessment 10/20/2011
Dorney Allen
Wetland Type Riverine Swamp Forest Assessor Name/Organization Atkins
Notes on Field Assessment Form(Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is infensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tnbutary or other open water (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is substantialiy altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N) NO
Sub function Rating Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Ratmg
Hydrology Surface Storage and Retention Condition LOW
Sub surface Storage and Retention Condition MEDIUM
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition LOW
Condition/Opportunity LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Particulate Change Condition LOW
Condition/Opporturnty LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Soluble Change Condition LOW
Condition/Opportumty LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Physical Change Condition LOW
Condition/Opportunity LOW
Opportumty Presence (Y/N) NO
Poilution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition LOW
Landscape Patch Structure Condition HIGH
Vegetation Composition Condition LOW
Function Ratmg Summary
Function Metncs Rating
Hydrology Condition LOW
Water Quality Condition LOW
Condition/Opporturnty LOW
Opporturnty Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetland Rating �ow

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 41
Ratin Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Back Field north portion near road and Date 10/20/2011
plank bridge
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Orgamzation Dorne Allen Atkins
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plam Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
Rrver Basm Cape Fear USGS 8 Digit Catalogue Unit 03030005
❑ Yes � No Preci �tation withm 48 hrs� Latitude/Lon itude deci de rees 34 060224 77 953480
Ewdence of stressors affecting the assessment area(may not be withm the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropriate in
recent past(for mstance within 10 years) Noteworthy stressors include but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges containing obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality insect damage disease storm damage salt intrusion etc)
Habitat/plant commun�ty alteration(examples mowing clear cuttmg exotics etc)
Is the assessment area mtensrvely managed? ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Pnmary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern(AEC)(including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tnbutary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland if any?(check all that apply)
� Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal(if tidal check one of the followmg boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surface water storage capacity or durat�on substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank floodin dunn normal rainfall cond�tions2 ❑ Yes � No
1 Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition—assessment area condition metnc
Check a box m each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) m the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) m
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
�A �A Not severely altered
❑B ❑B Severely altered over a ma�onty of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks bedding fill sotl compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechanical disturbance herbicides salt intrusion [where appropriate] exotic speaes grazmg
less diversity[if appropnate] hydrologic alteration)
2 Surface and Sub SurFace Storage Capacity and Duration—assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Sur� and sub surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub) Consider both mcrease and decrease m hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching gwdance for North Carolina
hydric sods(see USACE Wdmington Distnct website)for the zone of influence of ditches in hydnc sods A ditch<_1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only whde a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surFace and sub surface water Consider tidal floodmg
regime if applicable
Surf Sub
❑A DA Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not sufficient to change vegetation)
�C �C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration sufficient to result m vegetation
change)(examples drairnng floodmg sod compaction fillmg excessive sedimentation underground utdity lines)
3 Water Storage/Surface Relief—assessment area/wetland type condit�on metric (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box in each column Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA VV'f
3a ❑A DA Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑C ❑C Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 inches deep
3b DA Evidence that maximum depth of inundat�on�s greater than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is befinreen 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below Dig sod profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations within the top 12 inches Use most recent National Techrncal Committee for Hydnc Sods guidance for regional
mdicators
4a ❑A Sandy sod
❑B Loamy or clayey sods exhibiting redoximorphic features(concentrations depletions or rhizospheres)
�C Loamy or clayey sods not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑D Loamy or clayey gleyed sod
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b �A Sod ribbon< 1 inch
❑B Soil ribbon>_ 1 inch
4c DA No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 D�scharge into Wetland—opportunity metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surfl and sub surFace pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
SurF Sub
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entenng the wetland and stressing but not overwhelmmg the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entenng the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportumty metr�c
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
drairnng to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS) within 5 mdes and within the watershed drairnng to the assessment
area(5M) and withm 2 mdes and within the watershed drammg to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
�A ❑A ❑A ?10%impervious surfaces
❑B ❑B ❑B <10%impervious surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined animal operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D ?20%coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E >_20%coverage of agncultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F ?20°/ coverage of mamtained grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G ?20%coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opportunity to improve water quality Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area
7 Wetland Actmg as Vegetated Buffer—assessment area/wetland complex condition metnc
7a Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water�
�Yes ❑No If Yes contmue to 7b If No skip to Metric 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
�A >_50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tributary width If the tnbutary is anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
�<_15 feet wide ❑> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tributary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tnbutary/open water�
�Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
�Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
❑Exposed—ad�acent open water with w�dth?2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland Width at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Check a box in each column for rivenne wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundanes
WT WC
�A �A >_ 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to< 15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Duration—assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform
❑A Evidence of short duration mundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of mundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long duration inundation(7 to 30 consecutroe days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposition—assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth since deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelming the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland
17 Wetland Size—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(if apphcable)
❑A �A DA ?500 acres
❑B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
�C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
❑F ❑F ❑F From 5 to< 10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K ❑K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosms only)
❑A Pocosin is the full extent(>_90°/)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosm type is<90%of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectrvity to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metnc
13a Check appropr�ate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropriate) Boundaries are formed by four lane roads regularly mamtained uttlity Ime
corndors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes maintamed fields(pasture and agriculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosely
�A ❑A >_500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E < 10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
❑Yes �No Wetland type has a surFace hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metric(skip for all marshes)
May involve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges Artifiaal edges mclude
non forested areas?40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly maintamed utdity line corndors and clear cuts Consider
the eight mam points of the compass
DA No artifiaal edge within 150 feet in all direcfions
❑B No artificial edge within 150 feet m four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet m more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetative Composition—assessment area condition metric(skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑A Vegetation is close to reference condition m species present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropnate
species with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition m species dwersity or proportions but stdl largely composed of native species
charactenstic of the wetland type This may include commurnties of weedy native species that develop after clearcuttmg or
cleanng It also includes communities with exotics present but not dommant over a large portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition Expected speaes are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non charactenstic
speaes or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species) Exotic species are dominant m at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
�A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed pnmarily of native species(<10/ cover of exotics)
❑B Vegetation diversity is low or has> 10%to 50%cover of exotics
❑C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species(>50%cover of exotics)

17 Vegetative Structure—assessment area/wetland type condition metnc
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metnc 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A ?25%coverage of vegetation
❑B <25°/ coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metric for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)separately
AA WT
o�A ❑A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps associated with natural processes
�OB ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
c�❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
�
o❑A ❑A Dense mid story/sapling layer
�❑B ❑B Moderate density mid story/saplmg layer
�❑C ❑C Mid story/saplmg layer sparse or absent
�❑A �A Dense shrub layer
r OB ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
�❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
��A �A Dense herb layer
_�]B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metric
❑A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 mches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B NotA
19 Diameter Class Distribution—wetland type condition metric
❑A Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems>6 inches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 inches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH few are> 12 inch DBH
�C Ma�ority of canopy trees are<6 mches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debris—wetland type cond�tion metric
Include both natural debns and man placed natural debns
�A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches in diameter or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
❑B Not A
21 Vegetation/Open Water Dispers�on—wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water m the growmg season Patterned
areas mdicate vegetated areas while solid white areas mdicate open water
❑A ❑B ❑C �D
� ���... rt-., r�� r--_. r
l� �`� �i-- -•--�t � � �ti
l',� � --.�'� ' �'°'-� �t�..o �
i �
,�r����\...r�� r-s���°'�''� � �eX � I r� F�� '�r `
��S.a1 ��`��� '��! ���tf�a�� �� �� 1� 4��m� �� � �d�r�'Sl
�.�� ��11 � �� }�}��l J�1 ������,����)
�.'� ' ��_ `''�
22 Hydrologic Connectiwty—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for nparian wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include mtensive ditching fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream incision
❑A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered m the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
�D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered m the assessment area
Notes
Vegetative diversity simdar to Field 9 Mdlet aster polygonum Boehmeria etc Lateral ditchmg from ditches berm along perimeter faang
Orton Creek ditch spacmg at 55 feet m quarter ditch fields flooded to about two feet deep rim ditches get salt water at times about 4 feet
deep Accordmg to Ddlon Epp water management(for most of past 200 years) is very extensive Fields flooded from Aprd to September to
grow rice (gradually raising water level throughout growing season) but flow diverted around area most of rest of year Historic plowmg with
mules and oxen in early spnng to allow planting of nce by see Site required to dry out before harvest Most water flows thru bypass channel
Outer dikes no regular flow connection to nver and streams Last rice crop m 1931 and front field managed for waterfowl after that untd
Phragmites and dike breaches developed m last several decades Back field is 85 acres in size

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 41
Rating Calculator Version 4 1
Back Field north portion near road and
Wetland Site Name plank bndge Date of Assessment 10/20/2011
Dorney Allen
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Orgarnzation Atkins
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is mtensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tnbutary or other open water (Y/N) YES
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area expenences overbank flooding durmg normal rainfall conditions (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N) NO
Sub function Rating Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Sub surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opporturnty Presence (Y/N) NA
Particulate Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opporturnty Presence (Y/N) NA
Soluble Change Condifion NA
Condition/Opporturnty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Physical Change Condibon NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Pol(ufion Change Condition NA
Condition/Opporturnty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition LOW
Landscape Patch Structure Condition HIGH
Vegetation Composition Condition HIGH
Function Ratmg Summary
Function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Condition MEDIUM
Water Quality Condition LOW
Condition/Opportunity LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetland Rating �ow

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompames User Manual Version 41
Ratin Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Back Field south portion m recently Date 10/20/2011 (10/28/2011)
cleared area Evaluated as pre loggmg
Wetland Type Rrvenne Swamp Forest Assessor Name/Orgamzation Dome Allen Atkins
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plam Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
River Basin Cape Fear USGS 8 Dig�t Catalogue Unit 03030005
❑ Yes � No Preci itation within 48 hrs� Latitude/Lon itude deci de rees 34 054499 77 957321
Ewdence of stressors affect�ng the assessment area(may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropriate m
recent past(for instance within 10 years) Noteworthy stressors mclude but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges contairnng obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality insect damage disease storm damage salt intrusion etc)
HabitaUplant community alteration(examples mowmg clear cutting exotics etc)
Is the assessment area intensrvely managed? ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected speaes or State endangered or threatened speaes
❑ NCDWQ nparian baffer rule m effect
❑ Abuts a Primary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concem(AEC)(including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tnbutary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is assoc�ated with the wetland if any?(check all that apply)
� Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal(if tidal check one of the followmg boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island� ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver� ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank floodin durm normal rainfall conditions� ❑ Yes � No
1 Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition—assessment area cond�tion metric
Check a box in each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on ewdence an effect
GS VS
�A �A Not severely altered
�B �B Severely altered over a ma�onty of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks beddmg fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechanical disturbance herbicides salt intrusion [where appropriate] exotic species grazing
less diversity[if appropnate] hydrologic alteration)
2 Surface and Sub Surface Storage Capacity and Duration—assessment area condition metric
Check a box m each column Consider surface storage capac�ty and duration (Surfl and sub surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub) Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditchmg guidance for North Carolina
hydric sods(see USACE Wilmington Distnct website)for the zone of influence of ditches in hydric sods A ditch<_1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only whde a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if applicable
Surf Sub
❑A ❑A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not sufficient to change vegetation)
�C �C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change)(examples draining floodmg sod compaction filling excessive sedimentation underground utdity Imes)
3 Water Storage/SurFace Rel�ef—assessment area/wetland type condition metric (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box m each column Select the appropnate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA VV'f
3a ❑A �A Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
�C �C Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 inches deep
3b �A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three sod property groups below Dig sod profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations within the top 12 mches Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydnc Sods guidance for regional
indicators
4a ❑A Sandy sod
❑B Loamy or clayey sods exhibitmg redoximorphic features(concentrations depletions or rhizospheres)
�C �oamy or clayey sods not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑D Loamy or clayey gleyed sod
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b �A Sod ribbon< 1 mch
❑B Sod ribbon?1 inch
4c ❑A No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discharge into Wetland—opportunity metnc
Check a box m each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Sur� and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges mclude presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
Surf Sub
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entenng the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing but not ovenrvhelming the
treatment capaaty of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entenng the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportun�ty metr�c
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
drairnng to assessment area withm entire upstream watershed (WS) withm 5 mdes and withm the watershed drairnng to the assessment
area(5M) and within 2 mdes and within the watershed draming to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
❑A �A ❑A > 10°/ impervious surfaces
❑B ❑B ❑B <10/o impervious surFaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined animal operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D ?20/o coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E >_20°/ coverage of agncultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F >_20%coverage of mamtained grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G ?20/ coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opportunity to improve water quality Lack of opporturnty may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area
7 Wetland Actmg as Vegetated Buffer—assessment area/wetland complex condition metric
7a ts assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water'�
❑Yes �No If Yes contmue to 7b ff No skip to Metnc 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
❑A z 50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tributary width If the tnbutary is anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
❑<_15 feet wide ❑> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tributary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tnbutary/open wate�
❑Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
❑Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
❑Exposed—ad�acent open water with width?2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland Width at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complex condition metr�c(evaluate for ripanan wetlands only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundanes
WT WC
�A �A >_ 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to<15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Duration—assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform
DA Evidence of short-duration mundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of mundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long duration inundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposition—assessment area condit�on metric
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth since deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelmmg the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelmmg the wetland
11 Wetland Size—wetland type/wetland complex cond�t�on metric
Check a box in each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metnc evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundanes of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(rf apphcable)
❑A �A ❑A ?500 acres
�6 ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
❑F ❑F ❑F From 5 to< 10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K �K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosins only)
�A Pocosin is the full extent(>_90%)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosin type is<90/o of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectivrty to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metric
13a Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropnate) Boundanes are formed by four lane roads regularly maintained utdity line
corridors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes maintamed fields(pasture and agnculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosely
�A �A ?500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E <10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
❑Yes ❑No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metric(skip for all marshes)
May mvolve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges Artifiaal edges mclude
non forested areas z 40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly maintamed utality line corridors and clear cuts Consider
the eight mam pomts of the compass
�A No artifiaal edge within 150 feet in all directions
❑B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetatrve Composition—assessment area condition metric(skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑A Vegetation is close to reference condition m species present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropnate
species with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area
�B Vegetation is different from reference condition in speaes diversity or proportions but stdl largely composed of native speaes
characteristic of the wetland type This may mclude communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
clearing It also includes communities with exotics present but not dominant over a large portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non charactenstic
species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species) Exotic species are dommant in at least one
stratum
16 Vegetatwe Diversity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
�A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primanly of native species(< 10/o cover of exotics)
❑B Vegetation diversity is low or has> 10/o to 50/ cover of exotics
❑C Vegetation is dominated by exotic speaes(>50°/ cover of exotics)

17 Vegetative Structure—assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metric 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
❑A ?25°/ coverage of vegetation
❑B <25%coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metric for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type (WT)separately
AA WT
oDA �A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps associated with natural processes
��B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
U�C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
z
o❑A ❑A Dense mid story/sapling layer
�❑B �B Moderate density mid story/saplmg layer
��C ❑C Mid story/saplmg layer sparse or absent
�❑A DA Dense shrub layer
c�B �B Moderate density shrub layer
��C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
.n�A �A Dense herb layer
=OB �B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metnc
❑A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
19 Diameter Class Distribution—wetland type condition metric
DA Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems>6 inches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 inches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH few are> 12 mch DBH
�C Ma�ority of canopy trees are<6 mches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debns—wetland type cond�tion metnc
Include both natural debns and man placed natural debris
�A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches m diameter or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
❑B NotA
21 Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion—wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water m the growmg season Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas whde solid white areas indicate open water
DA ❑B ❑C ❑D
!��'�•.3�'�-..\ �,,, (�t � / ��--.. ��?v�'� '�
� �� � �1� � �;r—�'`y�. � � � �
`���tl' ``��� (�"€���*'����J��. � t! � �M1�`F'�'�`r�a �,� r�'�t\
��`.._.►������'��1 �����`` v✓t'�S�t) -- � ��� �5���� #l��� r�
.`.�i ....'�i �``�-�_.i �.:..".i
22 Hydrologic Connectrvity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream mcision
❑A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered m the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
�D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area
Notes
Area is cleared nverine swamp forest with remaming herbaceous cover Was dommated by red maple some cypress and pme and wax myrtle
20 to 30 feet tall Now all cleared but ground surface intact Lateral ditching from ditches berm along perimeter facmg Orton Creek ditch
spacing at 55 feet in quarter ditch fields flooded to about two feet deep nm ditches get salt water at times about 4 feet deep According to
Ddlon Epp water management(for most of past 200 years) is very extensroe Fields flooded from Aprd to September to grow nce (gradually
ra+s�ng water level throughout growing season)but flow diverted around area most of rest of year Historic plowing with mules and oxen in early
spring to allow planting of rice by see Site required to dry out before harvest Most water flows thru bypass channel Outer dikes no regular
flow connection to river and streams Last rice crop m 1931 and front field managed for waterfowl after that untd Phragmites and dike breaches
developed in last several decades Back field is 85 acres in size total and rivenne swamp forest portion appx one half of that total area Ground
surface is a floating mat of orgarnc debns about 2 3 feet deep over mineral sod Very unstable ground surface even before cleanng Mat
probably reflects very long term rice cultivation and subsequent marshy sod development which is very different from reference nvenne swamp
forest sod

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 4 1
Rating Calculator Version 4 1
Back Field south portion in recently 10/20/2011
Wetland Site Name cleared area Evaluated as pre logging Date of Assessment (10/28/2011)
Dorney Allen
Wetland Type Rivenne Swamp Forest Assessor Name/Organization Atkins
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located withm 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is on a coastal isiand (Y/N) NO
Sub function Rating Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Ratmg
Hydrology Surface Storage and Retention Condition LOW
Sub surface Storage and Retention Condition MEDIUM
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition LOW
Condition/Opporturnty LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Particulate Change Condition LOW
Condition/Opportunity LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Soluble Change Condition LOW
Condition/Opporturnty LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Physical Change Condition LOW
Condition/Opportunity LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Pollution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition LOW
Landscape Patch Structure Condition HIGH
Vegetation Composition Condition MEDIUM
Function Rating Summary
Function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Condition LOW
Water Quality Condition LOW
Condition/Opportunity LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetiand Rat�ng �ow

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 41
Ratin Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Fiefd#9 aiong Orton Creek rated from Date 10/20/2011
upland edge
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Orgarnzation Dorne Allen Atkins
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
Rrver Basin Cape Fear USGS 8 Digit Catalogue Unit 03030005
❑ Yes � No Preci itation within 48 hrs? Latitude/Lon itude deci degrees 34 062270 77 952669 a x
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area(may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropnate in
recent past(for instance withm 10 years) Noteworthy stressors mclude but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges containing obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality insect damage disease storm damage salt mtrusion etc)
HabitaUplant commurnty alteration(examples mowing clear cutting exotics etc)
Is the assessment area intensrvely managed� ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected speaes or State endangered or threatened speaes
❑ NCDWQ ripanan buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Pnmary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concem(AEC)(mcludmg buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference commurnty
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland if any�(check all that apply)
� Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal(if tidal check one of the followmg boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surface water storage capacity or durat�on substantially altered by beaver� ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank floodin durm normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes � No
1 Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition—assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) m
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
�A �A Not severely altered
❑B ❑B Severely altered over a ma�ority of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks bedding fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechanical disturt�ance herbicides salt intrusion [where appropnate] exotic species grazing
less diversity[if appropnate] hydrologic alteration)
2 Surface and Sub Surface Storage Capacity and Durat�on—assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column Consider surtace storage capacity and duration (Surfl and sub surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub) Consider both increase and decrease m hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolina
hydnc sods(see USACE Wdmington District website)for the zone of influence of ditches m hydric sods A ditch<_1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only whde a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if applicable
SurF Sub
❑A ❑A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not suffiaent to change vegetation)
�C �C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration sufficient to result m vegetation
change)(examples drammg flooding sod compaction fillmg excessive sedimentation underground utdity lines)
3 Water Storage/SurFace Relief—assessment area/wetland type condition metric (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box m each column Select the appropnate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA WT
3a ❑A ❑A Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 mches to 1 foot deep
❑C ❑C Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 inches deep
3b DA Evidence that maximum depth of mundation is greater than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below Dig sod profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations within the top 12 inches Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydnc Sods gu�dance for regional
mdicators
4a �A Sandy sod
❑B Loamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features(concentrations depletions or rhizospheres)
❑C Loamy or clayey sods not exhibiting redoximorphic features
�D Loamy or clayey gleyed sod
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b �A Sod ribbon<1 inch
❑B Sod nbbon?1 inch
4c ❑A No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discharge into Wetland—opportunity metric
Check a box in each column Consider surFace pollutants or discharges (Sur� and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges mclude presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
Surf Sub
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entenng the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entenng the wetland and stressing but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entenng the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportumty metnc
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
draining to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS) withm 5 mdes and within the watershed drairnng to the assessment
area(5M) and within 2 mdes and within the watershed draining to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
�A ❑A ❑A > 10%imperwous surfaces
❑B ❑B ❑B <10%imperwous surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined animal operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D ?20°/ coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E ?20/o coverage of agncultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F z 20°/ coverage of maintamed grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G Z 20/ coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opportunity to improve water quality Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area
7 Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer—assessment area/wetland complex condition metric
7a Is assessment area withm 50 feet of a tributary or other open water�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 7b If No skip fo Metnc 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descnptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
�A >_50 feet �
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tributary width If the tnbutary is anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
❑<_15 feet wide �> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tnbutary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tnbutary/open water�
�Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
�Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
❑Exposed—ad�acent open water with width>_2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland Width at the Assessment Area—wetland typelwetland complex condition metr�c(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Check a box m each column for rrverine wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundanes
WT WC
�A �A ? 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to< 15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Duration—assessment area cond�tion metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform
❑A Evidence of short duration inundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of mundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long duration inundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposition—assessment area condition metr�c
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth smce deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑6 Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelming the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland
17 Wetland Size—wetland typelwetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(if applicable)
�A �A DA z 500 acres
❑B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
�F ❑F ❑F From 5 to< 10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K ❑K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑A Pocosin is the full extent(?90%)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosin type is<90/o of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectiwty to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metric
13a Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metnc
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropnate) Boundanes are formed by four lane roads regularly maintamed utility line
corridors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes maintamed fields(pasture and agnculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosely
�A ❑A �500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E <10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
❑Yes �No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metric(skip for all marshes)
May involve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artifiaal edges Artifiaal edges mclude
non forested areas?40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly mamtamed utdity line corndors and clear cuts Consider
the eight mam pomts of the compass
�A No artifiaal edge withm 150 feet in ail directions
❑B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artifiaal edge occurs within 150 feet in more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetative Composition—assessment area condition metric(skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑A Vegetation is close to reference condition in speaes present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropnate
species with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions but stdl largely composed of native speaes
characteristic of the wetland type This may mclude communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
clearmg It also includes communities with exotics present but not dominant over a large portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference m composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non characteristic
species or at least one stratum mappropnately composed of a single species) Exotic species are dommant in at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metnc(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
�A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primanly of native species(<10/ cover of exotics)
❑B Vegetation diversity is low or has> 10/o to 50/ cover of exotics
❑C Vegetation is dominated by exotic speaes(>50%cover of exotics)

17 Vegetative Structure—assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metnc 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A >_25/o coverage of vegetation
❑B <25/ coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metric for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT) separately
AA UV'f
o❑A DA Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps associated with natural processes
��B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
U❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
�
o❑A ❑A Dense mid story/sapling layer
�❑B ❑B Moderate density mid story/sapling layer
�❑C ❑C Mid story/sapling layer sparse or absent
�❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
t OB ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
�❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
�❑A ❑A Dense herb layer
_❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metric
�A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches DBH or large relative to speaes present and landscape stability)
�B NotA
19 Diameter Class Distribution—wetland type condition metnc
�A Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems>6 mches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 mches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems befinreen 6 and 12 inches DBH few are> 12 inch DBH
�C Ma�onty of canopy trees are<6 inches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debris—wetland type condition metnc
Include both natural debns and man placed natural debris
❑A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches in diameter or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B NotA
21 Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion—wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growmg season Pattemed
areas indicate vegetated areas whde solid white areas indicate open water
❑A ❑B ❑C �D
/--� �'`—.. /"� (� �^ (>:��--.., �s--�., t' ,
,�s��'\''a���```�•� '� � ��t.,�b r� f� � f �+1`�:���",
`�S
I�� �,�(?����'��� 1�� ,�� -���`�p 1 �� 4��� ���� ����
���'"'C���J� �r���"t �...,��4�(� � ��� ���4���� +��� �J
�'�.t�..� '�',� / �,'�..� '�_..,.,�'�..�
22 Hydrologic Connect�vity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for npanan wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity mclude intensive ditching fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream incision
❑A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered m the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered�n the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
�D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered m the assessment area
Notes
More vegetative diversity than Field 1 Spartma cyn narrowleaf cattad �uncus etc with a clump of pmes Lateral ditchmg from ditches berm
along penmeter facing Orton Creek ditch spacmg at 55 feet in quarter ditch fields flooded to about two feet deep rim ditches get salt water at
times about 4 feet deep According to Ddlon Epp water management(for most of past 200 years)is very extensive Fields flooded from Apnl
to September to grow rice(gradually raismg water level throughout growing season)but flow diverted around area most of rest of year Histonc
plowing with mules and oxen in early spring to allow planting of nce by see Site required to dry out before harvest Most water flows thru
bypass channel Outer dikes no regular flow connection to river and streams Last nce crop m 1931 and front field managed for watertowl
after that untd Phragmites and dike breaches developed in last several decades Field#9 is 9 acres in size

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 41
Rating Calculator Version 41
Field#9 along Orton Creek rated from
Wetland Site Name upland edge Date of Assessment 10/20/2011
Dorney Allen
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Organization Atkins
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N) YES
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area expenences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N) NO
Sub function Rating Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Sub surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Particulate Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Soluble Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Physical Change Condition NA
Condition/Opporturnty NA
Opporturnty Presence (Y/N) NA
Pollution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition LOW
Landscape Patch Structure Condition HIGH
Vegetation Composition Condition HIGH
Function Rating Summary
Function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Condition MEDIUM
Water Quality Condition LOW
Condition/Opporturnty LOW
Opporturnty Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetiand Rating �ow

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 41
Ratin Calculator Version 41
Wetland S�te Name Front North Rice Field breach area Date 10/20/2011
Wetland Type Brackish/Salt Marsh Assessor Name/Orgamzation Dorne Allen Atkins
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
River Basin Cape Fear USGS 8 Digit Catalogue Unit 03030005
❑ Yes � No Prec� itation within 48 hrs� Latitude/Lon itude deci de rees 34 059459 77 941496
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area(may not be withm the assessment area)
Please arcle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropriate m
recent past(for instance within 10 years) Noteworthy stressors mclude but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges contairnng obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality insect damage disease storm damage salt intrusion etc)
Habitat/plant community alteration(examples mowing clear cutting exotics etc)
Is the assessment area intensrvely managed� ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected spec�es or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWQ npanan buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Pnmary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern(AEC)(including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream �s associated with the wetland if any�(check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal(if tidal check one of the followmg boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wmd ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank floodm durin normal rainfall conditions� ❑ Yes � No
1 Ground Surtace ConditionNegetation Condition—assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) m
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
�A ❑A Not severely altered
�B �B Severely altered over a ma�ority of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks bedding fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechanical disturbance herbicides salt mtrusion [where appropriate] exotic species grazing
less diversity[if appropriate] hydrologic alteration)
2 Surface and Sub Surface Storage Capacity and Duration—assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Sur� and sub surFace storage capacity and duration
(Sub) Consider both mcrease and decrease m hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolina
hydric sods(see USACE Wdmmgton District website)for the zone of mfluence of ditches in hydnc sods A ditch<_1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only whde a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if applicable
Surf Sub
❑A DA Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not sufficient to change vegetation)
�C �C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change)(examples draming flooding sod compaction filling excessive sedimentation underground utdity lines)
3 Water Storage/Surface Rel�ef—assessment area/wetland type condition metric (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box m each column Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA WT
3a �A DA Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑C ❑C Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
�D �D Depressions able to pond water<3 inches deep
3b ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of mundation is greater than 2 feet
�B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
❑C Ewdence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three sod property groups below Dig sod profile in the dommant assessment area landscape feature
Make soil observations withm the top 12 inches Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Sods guidance for regional
indicators
4a ❑A Sandy sod
❑B Loamy or clayey sods exhibiting redoximorphic features(concentrations depletions or rhizospheres)
�C Loamy or clayey sods not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑D Loamy or clayey gleyed sod
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b DA Sod nbbon< 1 mch
�B Sod ribbon>_1 inch
4c ❑A No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discharge into Wetland—opportunity metric
Check a box m each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Sur� and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
Surf Sub
�A �A Little or no ewdence of pollutants or discharges entenng the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing but not overwhelmmg the
treatment capaaty of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entermg the assessment area and
potentially overwhelmmg the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessroe
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportunity metric
Check all that apply (at least one box m each column) Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
drammg to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS) within 5 mdes and withm the watershed draming to the assessment
area(5M) and within 2 mdes and withm the watershed draming to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
❑A ❑A ❑A >10/o impervious surfaces
❑B ❑B ❑B < 10%impervious surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined animal operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D ?20%coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E >_20/ coverage of agncultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F >_20%coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G >_20/o coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opportunity to improve water quality Lack of opporturnty may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area
7 Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer—assessment area/wetland complex condition metric
7a Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tnbutary or other open water'�
❑Yes �No If Yes continue to 7b If No skip to Metric 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
❑A z 50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tributary width If the tnbutary is anastomosed combme widths of channels/braids for a total width
❑_<15 feet wide ❑> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tnbutary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend mto the bank of the tnbutary/open wate�
❑Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
❑Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
❑Exposed—ad�acent open water with width?2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland W�dth at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundanes
WT WC
�A �A ? 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to< 15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Duration—assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform
�A Evidence of short duration inundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Ewdence of saturation without evidence of mundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long duration inundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposition—assessment area condit�on metric
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth since deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelming the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland
11 Wetland Size—wetland typelwetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex(WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundanes of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(if applicable)
❑A �A �A >_500 acres
❑B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
�F ❑F ❑F From 5 to< 10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K ❑K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosins only)
�A Pocosin is the full extent(?90/o)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosm type is<90/o of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectrvity to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metric
13a Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropnate) Boundanes are formed by four lane roads regularly maintained utdity line
corridors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes maintained fields (pasture and agriculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosely
�A ❑A ?500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E < 10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
�Yes ❑No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metric(skip for all marshes)
May involve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges Artificial edges include
non forested areas?40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly maintamed utdity line corridors and clear cuts Consider
the eight mam points of the compass
❑A No artifiaal edge withm 150 feet in all directions
❑B No artifiaal edge wrthin 150 feet in four(4)to seven{7)directions
❑C An artificial edge occurs withm 150 feet in more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetatrve Composition—assessment area condition metric(skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
DA Vegetation is close to reference condition in speaes present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropriate
species with exotic plants absent or sparse withm the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions but stdl largely composed of native speaes
characteristic of the wetland type This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
clearing It also includes communities with exotics present but not dommant over a large portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non characteristic
species or at least one stratum inappropnately composed of a smgle species) Exotic species are dommant in at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed pnmanly of native species(< 10%cover of exotics)
❑B Vegetation diversity is low or has> 10/ to 50%cover of exotics
�C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species(>50 /o cover of exotics)

17 Vegetative Structure—assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metnc 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A ?25°/ coverage of vegetation
❑B <25%coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metnc for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)separately
AA VV'f
o�A ❑A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps associated with natural processes
�❑B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
c��C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
�
o❑A DA Dense mid story/sapling layer
�❑B ❑B Moderate density mid story/sapling layer
�❑C ❑C Mid story/sapling layer sparse or absent
��A �A Dense shrub layer
t OB ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
�❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
�❑A ❑A Dense herb layer
_❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metric
❑A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
19 Diameter Class Distribution—wetland type condit�on metric
�A Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems>6 mches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 inches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH few are> 12 mch DBH
�C Ma�onty of canopy trees are<6 mches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debr�s—wetland type condit�on metr�c
Include both natural debris and man placed natural debns
�A large logs(more than one)are visible{> 12 inches m diameter or large relative to speaes present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
21 Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion—wetland type/open water condition metnc(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best descnbes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water m the growmg season Pattemed
areas indicate vegetated areas whde solid white areas mdicate open water
❑A ❑B ❑C �D
/�• ��''�. /"�'�. �'� r',�`�--� '� � `,r
`' {� �-�� .,� ����.�`"�t.�� r'� '�y�.•• � � •ti���.��,
(�����(2� �, �'� 1�,�,f� ���I� ,1 E� � ��� ��� ��� ��
\,.�.,�'������1J � � � L.���1 \ I1 �-�� ���� �"� r)
�....���� ��_..� \ ,�� ���'/ "��_�� \��
22 Hydrologic Connectiwty—assessment area cond�tion metr�c(evaluate for nparian wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream mcision
❑A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
�D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area
Notes
Spartma cynosuroides lateral ditching from ditches berm along perimeter facing Cape Fear River ditch spacing at 55 feet in quarter ditch
fields flooded to about two feet deep rim ditches get salt water at times about 4 feet deep Accordmg to Ddlon Epp water management(for
most of past 200 years)is very extensive Fields flooded from Aprd to September to grow rice(gradually raising water level throughout growmg
season)but flow diverted around area most of rest of year Histonc plowmg with mules and oxen in early spring to allow planting of nce by see
Site required fo dry ouf before haroest Most water flows thru bypass channel Outer dikes no regular flow connection to river and streams
Last nce crop m 1931 and front field managed for waterfowl after that untd Phragmites and dike breaches developed in last several decades
North field 160 acres m size

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 4 1
Rating Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Front North Rice Field breach area Date of Assessment 10/20/2011
Dorney Allen
Wetiand Type Brackish/Salt Marsh Assessor Name/Orgarnzation Atkins
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area experiences overbank floodmg dunng normal rainfall conditions (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N) NO
Sub function Rating Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Rat�ng
Hydrology Surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Sub surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Particulate Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opporturnty Presence (Y/N) NA
Soluble Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Physical Change Condition NA
Condition/Opporturnty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Pollution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition NA
Landscape Pafch Structure Condition NA
Vegetation Composition Condition NA
Function Rating Summary
Function Metncs Rating
Hydrology Condition LOW
Water Quality Condition MEDIUM
Condition/Opportunity MEDIUM
Opporturnty Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetland Rating �ow

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 41
Ratin Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Front North Rice Field non dredge spod Date 10/20/2011
area
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Organization Dorne Allen Atkms
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
River Basm Cape Fear USGS 8 D�git Catalogue Unit 03030005
❑ Yes � No Preci itation within 48 hrs� Latitude/Lon itude deci de rees 34 058055 77 946842
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area(may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropriate in
recent past(for instance within 10 years) Noteworthy stressors include but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges containing obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality msect damage disease storm damage salt intrusion etc)
HabitaUplant community alteration(examples mowing clear cutting exotics etc)
Is the assessment area mtensively managed? ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected speaes or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Pnmary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concem(AEC)(including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference commurnty
❑ Abuts a 303(d)listed stream or a tnbutary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland if any�(check all that apply)
� Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
� Tidal(if tidal check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind � Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surtace water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver� ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank flood�n durm normal rainfall conditions� ❑ Yes � No
1 Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition—assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each colum� Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) m the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
�A ❑A Not severely altered
❑B �B Severely altered over a ma�ority of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks bedding fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechanical disturbance herbicides salt mtrusion [where appropriate] exotic species grazing
less diversity[if appropnate] hydrologic alteration)
2 SurFace and Sub-Surface Storage Capac�ty and Duration—assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surfl and sub surFace storage capacity and duration
(Sub) Consider both increase and decrease m hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolina
hydric sods(see USACE Wdmington District website)for the zone of influence of ditches in hydric sods A ditch s 1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only while a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if applicable
Surf Sub
❑A �A Water storage capaaty and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not su�cient to change vegetation)
�C �C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change)(examples draining floodmg sod compaction fillmg excessive sedimentation underground utdity lines)
3 Water Storage/Surface Relief—assessment area/wetland type condition metric (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box in each column Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA VV'f
3a �A ❑A Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑C ❑C Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 mches deep
3b ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of mundation is greafer than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three sod property groups below Dig sod profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations withm the top 12 mches Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydnc Sods guidance for regional
indicators
4a DA Sandy soil
❑B Loamy or clayey sods exhibiting redoximorphic features(concentrat�ons depletions or rhizospheres)
❑C Loamy or clayey sods not exhibitmg redoximorphic features
�D Loamy or clayey gleyed soil
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b ❑A Sod ribbon< 1 mch
�B Sod nbbon? 1 inch
4c ❑A No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discharge mto Wetland—opporturnty metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surfl and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
SurF Sub
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entenng the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entenng the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportunity metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
drairnng to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS) withm 5 mdes and withm the watershed draming to the assessment
area(5M) and within 2 mdes and withm the watershed drairnng to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
❑A ❑A ❑A > 10/o impervious surfaces
❑B ❑B ❑B <10/o impervious surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined arnmai operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D ?20%coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E ?20%coverage of agricultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F ?20%coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G ?20%coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opportunity to improve water quality Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affectmg the assessment area
7 Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer—assessment arealwetland complex condition metric
7a Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tnbutary or other open water'�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 7b If No skip to Metnc 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
�A ?50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tributary width If the tr�butary is anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
�<_15 feet wide ❑> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tributary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water�
�Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
�Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
❑Exposed—ad�acent open water with width?2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland Width at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric(evaluate for npanan wetlands only)
Check a box in each column for nverine wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundanes
WT WC
�A �A ? 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to< 15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Duration—assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dommant landform
�A Evidence of short duration inundat�on(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of inundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long-duration inundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposition—assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth since deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelming the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overvvhelming the wetland
11 Wetland Size—wettand type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box m each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metnc evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(if applicable)
❑A �A ❑A >_500 acres
�B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
❑F ❑F ❑F From 5 to<10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K ❑K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosins only)
DA Pocosin is the full extent{?90/o)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosin type is<90°/ of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectivity to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metric
13a Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropnate) Boundaries are formed by four lane roads regularly maintamed utdity line
corridors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes mamtained fields(pasture and agnculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosely
�A �A ?500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E < 10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
DYes �No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metnc(skip for all marshes)
May involve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges Artificial edges include
non forested areas>_40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly mamtamed utdity line corridors and clear cuts Consider
the eight mam pomts of the compass
❑A No artifiaal edge within 150 feet in all directions
❑B No artifiaal edge withm 150 feet in four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artificial edge occurs withm 150 feet in more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetatrve Composit�on—assessment area conditron metric(sk�p for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropriate
speaes with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition m species diversity or proportions but still largely composed of native speaes
characteristic of the wetland type This may mclude commurnties of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
cleanng It also includes communities with exotics present but not dominant over a large portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference m composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non charactenstic
species or at least one stratum inappropnately composed of a single species) Exotic species are dommant in at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metnc(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
�A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed pnmarily of native species(< 10°/ cover of exotics)
❑B Vegetation diversity is low or has> 10/ to 50/ cover of exotics
�C Vegetation is dommated by exotic species(>50%cover of exotics)

17 Vegetatrve Structure—assessment area/wetland type condition metnc
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes contmue to 17b If No skip to Metnc 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A z 25°/ coverage of vegetation
❑B <25/o coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metnc for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure m airspace above the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)separately
AA Wf
o❑A �A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps associated with natural processes
��B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
c>❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
�
��A ❑A Dense mid story/sapling layer
�❑B ❑B Moderate density mid story/saplmg layer
��C ❑C Mid story/sapling layer sparse or absent
�❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
�❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
�❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
.�❑A ❑A Dense herb layer
_❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metric
�A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
19 D�ameter Class Distribution—wetland type condition metric
❑A Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems>6 inches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 inches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�ority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 mches DBH few are> 12 mch DBH
�C Ma�onty of canopy trees are<6 inches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debris—wetland type condition metric
Include both natural debris and man placed natural debris
❑A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches m diameter or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
21 Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion—wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of mterspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas whde solid white areas indicate open water
�A ❑B ❑C �D
,�-�,,,��,�`"�-� ,.-r�,,.,�(�'� ��-�,�r��--.. ��''t�.,����1,
���1 !�����v,' �� � ��'��� ��k�°��1�1 �� �� � ���+�������y � ��r�t�
����`,�.�1 l �. � �.���[) `�_ /1 ��,������ ��� f)
`�-�.� ��-._� `��'`�%� ���'
22 Hydrolog�c Connectiwty—assessment area condit�on metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditchmg fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream incision
❑A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
�D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area
Notes
Phragmites monoculture lateral ditching from ditches berm along penmeter facing Cape Fear River ditch spacing at 55 feet in quarter ditch
fields flooded to about two feet deep rim ditches get salt water at times about 4 feet deep According to Ddlon Epp water management(for
most of past 200 years)is very extensive Fields flooded from April to September to grow rice(gradually raismg water level throughout growmg
season)but flow diverted around area most of rest of year Histonc plowing with mules and oxen in early spring to allow plantmg of nce by see
Site required to dry out before harvest Most water flows thru bypass channel Outer dikes no regular flow connection to nver and streams
Last nce crop m 1931 and front feld managed for waterfowl after that until Phragmites and dike breaches developed in last several decades
North field 160 acres in size

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 4 1
Rating Calculator Version 41
Front North Rice Field non dredge spod
Wetland Site Name area Date of Assessment 10/20/2011
Dorney Allen
Wetiand Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Orgamzation Atkins
Notes on Field Assessment Form(Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located withm 50 feet of a natural tnbutary or other open water (Y/N) YES
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area experiences overbank floodmg dunng normal rainfall conditions (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N) NO
Sub function Rating Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Ratmg
Hydrology Surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Sub surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Particulate Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Soluble Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N} NA
Physical Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Pollution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition LOW
Landscape Patch Structure Condition HIGH
Vegetation Composition Condition LOW
Function Ratmg Summary
Function Metrics Ratmg
Hydrology Condition MEDIUM
Water Quality Condition LOW
Condition/Opportunity LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetland Rating �ow

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 41
Ratin Calculator Version 4 1
Wetland Site Name Front North Rice Field dredge spod area Date 10/20/2011
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Organization Dorne Allen Atkins
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
Rrver Basin Cape Fear USGS 8 Digit Catalogue Unit 03030005
❑ Yes � No Preci itation within 48 hrs? Latitude/Lon itude deci de rees 34 058677 77 941443
Ewdence of stressors affecting the assessment area(may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropriate m
recent past(for instance within 10 years) Noteworthy stressors include but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges contairnng obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality insect damage disease storm damage salt intrusion etc)
HabitaUplant commurnty alteration(examples mowing clear cuttmg exotics etc)
Is the assessment area intensively managed� ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWQ ripanan buffer rule m effect
❑ Abuts a Pnmary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Pub(icly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concem(AEC)(mcluding buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference commurnty
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tnbutary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland if any?(check all that apply)
� Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
� Tidal(if tidal check one of the followmg boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind � Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island� ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver� ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank floodin durin normal ramfall conditions? ❑ Yes � No
1 Ground Surface Condit�onNegetation Condition—assessment area condition metric
Check a box m each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
❑A �A Not severely altered
�B �B Severely altered over a ma�ority of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks bedding fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechan�cal disturbance herbicides salt mtrusion [where appropnate] exotic speaes grazmg
less diversity[if appropnate] hydrologic alteration)
2 Surface and Sub Surface Storage Capacity and Duration—assessment area condit�on metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Sur� and sub surface storage capaaty and duration
(Sub) Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditchmg guidance for North Carolina
hydnc soils(see USACE Wdmington Distnct website)for the zone of influence of ditches m hydric sods A ditch<_1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only whde a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if applicable
Surf Sub
❑A �A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not sufficient to change vegetation)
�C �C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change)(examples draming floodmg sod compaction filling excessive sedimentation underground utdity lines)
3 Water Storage/Surface Relief—assessment area/wetland type condition metnc (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box in each column Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA WT
3a ❑A ❑A Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑C ❑C Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 inches deep
3b ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is beriveen 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below Dig sod profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations within the top 12 inches Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Sods guidance for regional
indicators
4a �A Sandy soil
❑B Loamy or clayey sods exhibiting redoximorphic features(concentrations deplet�ons or rhizospheres)
❑C Loamy or clayey sods not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑D loamy or clayey gleyed sod
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b �A Sod ribbon< 1 inch
❑B Sod ribbon?1 mch
4c ❑A No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discha�ge into Wetland—opportunity metric
Check a box m each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Sur� and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
Surt Sub �
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entenng the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entenng the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportunity metr�c
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
draming to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS) within 5 mdes and within the watershed draming to the assessment
area(5M) and within 2 mdes and within the watershed drairnng to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
❑A ❑A �A >10%impervious surFaces
❑B ❑B ❑B < 10%impervious surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined animai operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D >_20%coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E >_20%coverage of agncultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F >_20/o coverage of mamtained grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G ?20/o coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opportunity to improve water quality Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affectmg the assessment area
7 Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer—assessment area/wetland complex condition metric
7a Is assessment area withm 50 feet of a tributary or other open water�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 7b If No skip to Metnc 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
�A ?50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tnbutary width If the tributary is anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
�<_15 feet wide ❑> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tnbutary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tnbutary/open water�
�Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
�Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
❑Exposed—ad�acent open water with width?2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland W�dth at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundar�es
WT WC
�A �A ? 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to< 15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Durat�on—assessment area condition metr�c
Answer for assessment area dominant landform
❑A Evidence of short duration inundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of inundation
�C Evidence of long duration mundation or very long duration inundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Ind�cators of Deposition—assessment area condition metnc
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth since deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelming the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland
11 Wetland Size—wetland type/wetland complex cond�tion metric
Check a box in each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metnc evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundanes of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(if applicable)
DA �A �A ?500 acres
�B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
❑F ❑F ❑F From 5 to< 10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K ❑K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type cond�tion metric(evaluate for Pocosms only)
�A Pocosin is the full e�ent(?90%)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosin type is<90/ of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectivity to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metric
13a Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metnc
evaluates whether the wetland is wel! connected (Well) and/or loosely connected {Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropnate) Boundanes are formed by four lane roads regularly maintained utdity Ime
corridors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes maintained fields(pasture and agriculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosely
�A ❑A >_500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E <10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
❑Yes �No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metric(skip for all marshes)
May�nvolve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges Artificial edges include
non forested areas?40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly maintained utdity Ime corndors and clear cuts Consider
the eight main points of the compass
❑�4 No artifiaal edge within 150 feet m all directions
❑B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artificial edge occurs withm 150 feet in more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetative Composition=assessment area condition metric(skip for all marshes and Pme Flat)
DA Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropriate
species with exotic plants absent or sparse withm the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions but stdl largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type This may include commurnties of weedy native species that develop after clearcuttmg or
clearmg It also includes communities with exotics present but not dominant over a large portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non characteristic
species or at least one stratum inappropnately composed of a single species) Exotic species are dommant in at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
DA Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primardy of native species(< i 0°/ cover of exotics)
❑B Vegetation dwersity is low or has> 10/ to 50/o cover of exotics
�C Vegetation is dominated by exotic speaes(�50°/ cover of exotics)

17 Vegetative Structure—assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metnc 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A >25%coverage of vegetation
❑B <25°/ coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metric for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area(AA)and the wetiand type(WT)separately
AA VV'f
o❑A ❑A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps associated with natural processes
�❑B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
U❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
�
o❑A �A Dense mid story/sapling layer
�❑B ❑B Moderate density mid story/saplmg layer
�❑C ❑C Mid story/sapling layer sparse or absent
�❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
L OB ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
��C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
��A ❑A Dense herb layer
_�B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metric
DA Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 mches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
19 Diameter Class Distribution—wetland type condition metric
❑A Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems>6 inches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 inches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH few are> 12 inch DBH
�C Ma�onty of canopy trees are<6 inches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debris—wetland type condition metric
Include both natural debns and man placed natural debns
❑A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches in diameter or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
21 Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion—wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of mterspersion between vegetation and open water in the growmg season Patterned
areas mdicate vegetated areas whde solid white areas mdicate open water
�A ❑B ❑C �D
�,,��- � -�,, t�-'� (�`��-,.. �-;�, G �
/'�� �� �--� �` + �..d` � 1.�---�'�'�a.1� � ! ` *�,.?`�,�` `��?
����r,�(��` ��� I� �`���' ���� �� �� �( � ����� ���'�°� 1
� �� � � ��
��1�� � � J��� �� � �� �,4 �
._..��iJ 4.�� ��, Y,,.���J�1 ���i`I
�
22 Hydrologic Connectrvity—assessment area condition metnc(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensroe ditching fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream mcision
❑A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
�D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area
Notes
Phragmites monoculture lateral ditching from ditches berm along penmeter faang Cape Fear River ditch spacing at 55 feet in quarter ditch
fields flooded to about two feet deep nm ditches get salt water at times about 4 feet deep According to Dillon Epp water management(for
most of past 200 years)is very extensive Fields flooded from Apnl to September to grow nce(gradually raising water level throughout growing
season)but flow diverted around area most of rest of year Historic plowing with mules and oxen in early spnng to allow planting of rice by see
Site required to dry out before harvest Most water flows thru bypass channel Outer dikes no regular flow connection to rwer and streams
Last nce crop m 1931 and front field managed for waterfowl after that untd Phragmites and dike breaches developed m last several decades
North field 160 acres in size

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manuai Version 41
Rating Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Front North Rice Field dredge spod area Date of Assessment 10/20/2011
Dorney Allen
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Organization Atkins
Notes on Field Assessment Form(Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N) YES
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area expenences overbank flooding durmg normal ramfall conditions (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N) NO
Sub function Rating Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Sub surtace Storage and Retention Condition NA
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition NA
Condition/Opporturnty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Particulate Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Soluble Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Physical Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Pollution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition LOW
Landscape Patch Structure Condition HIGH
Vegetation Composition Condition LOW
Function Rating Summary
Function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Condition MEDIUM
Water Quality Condition LOW
Condition/Opporturnty LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetland Rating �ow
�

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompames User Manual Version 41
Rat�n Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Front South Rice Field Date 10/20/2011
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Orgamzation Dorne Allen Atkins
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plam Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
Rrver Basm Cape Fear USGS 8 Digit Catalogue Urnt 03030005
❑ Yes � No Preci itation withm 48 hrs� Latitude/Lon itude deci de rees 34 051902 77 944905
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area(may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropnate in
recent past(for mstance within 10 years) Noteworthy stressors mclude but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges contaming obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality insect damage disease storm damage salt intrusion etc)
Habitat/plant commurnty alteration(examples mowing clear cutting exotics etc)
Is the assessment area intensrvely managed� ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
❑ Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected speaes or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect
❑ Abuts a Pnmary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concem(AEC)(mcludmg buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference commurnty
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tnbutary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland if any?(check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
❑ Brownwater
❑ Tidal(if tidal check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind ❑ Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island� ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surFace water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver� ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank floodin durm normal rainfall conditions? ❑ Yes � No
1 Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition—assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
❑A ❑A Not severely altered
�B �B Severely altered over a ma�onty of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks bedding fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechanical disturbance herbicides salt mtrusion [where appropnate] exotic species grazing
less diversity[if appropnate] hydrologic alteration)
2 Surface and Sub SurFace Storage Capacity and Duration—assessment area condition metr�c
Check a box in each column Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surfl and sub surface storage capaaty and duration
(Sub) Consider both increase and decrease m hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolina
hydric sods(see USACE Wdmington Distnct website)for the zone of influence of ditches in hydnc sods A ditch s 1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only whde a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if applicable
Surf Sub
❑A DA Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not suffiaent to change vegetation)
�C �C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration sufficient to result m vegetation
change)(examples draming floodmg so�l compaction fillmg excessive sedimentation underground utdity Imes)
3 Water Storage/SurFace Relief—assessment arealwetland type condition metric (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box m each column Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA VV'f
3a ❑A �A Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 mches to 1 foot deep
❑C ❑C Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 inches deep
3b ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of mundation is between 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metnc
Check a box from each of the three sod property groups below Dig sod profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations within the top 12 inches Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydnc Sods guidance for regional
indicators
4a �A Sandy sod
❑B Loamy or clayey sods exhibiting redoximorphic features(concentrations depletions or rhizospheres)
❑C Loamy or clayey sods not exhibitmg redoximorphic features
❑D Loamy or clayey gleyed sod
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b �A Soil ribbon< 1 �nch
❑B Sod nbbon>_ 1 mch
4c ❑A No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discharge into Wetland—opportunity metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surfl and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
Surf Sub
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entenng the wetland and stressing but not overwhelming the
treatment capaaty of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportumty metr�c
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
drammg to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS) within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment
area(5M) and withm 2 mdes and within the watershed draining to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
DA ❑A ❑A > 10%impervious surfaces
❑B ❑B ❑B <10/o impervious surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined arnmal operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D >_20%coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E >_20%coverage of agricultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F >_20%coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G ?20%coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opportunity to improve water quality Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area
7 Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer—assessment area/wetland complex condition metric
7a Is assessment area withm 50 feet of a tributary or other open water�
❑Yes �No If Yes continue to 7b If No skip to Metric 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
❑A ?50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tnbutary width If the tnbutary�s anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
❑<_ 15 feet wide ❑> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tributary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tnbutary/open water�
❑Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
❑Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
❑Exposed—ad�acent open water with width?2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland Width at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Check a box �n each column for riverine wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries
WT WC
�A �A >_ 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to< 15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Duration—assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform
�A Evidence of short duration inundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of inundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long duration inundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposition—assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth smce deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelming the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelmmg the wetland
11 Wetland Size—wetland type/wetland complex condition metnc
Check a box in each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metnc evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (F1/1n (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundanes of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(if applicable)
❑A �A ❑A >_500 acres
❑B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
�D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
❑F ❑F ❑F From 5 to< 10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K ❑K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosins only)
�A Pocosm is the full extent(?90%)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosin type is<90/o of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectiwty to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metric
13a Check appropnate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropnate) Boundanes are formed by four lane roads regularly mamtamed utdity Ime
corndors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes maintamed fields (pasture and agnculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosely
�A ❑A >_500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E <10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
❑Yes �No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metnc(skip for all marshes)
May mvolve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges Artifiaal edges include
non forested areas>_40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly maintained utdity line corridors and clear cuts Consider
the eight mam points of the compass
❑A No artificial edge withm 150 feet in all directions
❑B No artificial edge withm 150 feet m four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artificial edge occurs withm 150 feet m more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetative Composition—assessment area condition metric(skip for all marshes and P�ne Flat)
❑A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropriate
species with exotic plants absent or sparse withm the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions but still largely composed of native speaes
characteristic of the wetland type This may mclude communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcuttmg or
clearmg It also mcludes communities with exotics present but not dominant over a large portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non characteristic
species or at least one stratum mappropnately composed of a single species) Exotic species are dommant m at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed pnmanly of native species(< 10/ cover of exotics)
❑B Vegetation diversity is low or has>10°/ to 50°/ cover of exotics
�C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species(>50%cover of exotics)

17 Vegetative Structure—assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metric 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A >25%coverage of vegetation
❑B <25/o coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metric for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA)and the wetland type (WT)separately
AA VV'f
T
o❑A ❑A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps assoaated with natural processes
��B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
U❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
a
o❑A DA Dense mid story/sapling layer
�❑B ❑B Moderate density mid story/sapling layer
�❑C ❑C Mid story/sapling layer sparse or absent
�❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
t❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
�❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
.e❑A ❑A Dense herb layer
_❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metric
❑A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B NotA
19 Diameter Class Distribution—wetland type cond�tion metric
❑A Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems>6 inches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 inches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH few are> 12 inch DBH
�C Ma�ority of canopy trees are<6 mches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debris—wetland type condition metric
Include both natural debris and man placed natural debris
❑A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 mches in diameter or large relative to speaes present and landscape stability)
�B Not A
21 Vegetation/Open Water D�spersion—wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best descnbes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water m the growing season Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas whde solid white areas mdicate open water
�A ❑B ❑C �D
�'� ��." f..�,-��',-�..,� �-�.s,,.r��.. r� ,�
i '"`ti"� --�� ri � � ( /�' ����s��
;���� ��i`1��� E ���a����� �r ,l�� t� � ��`�'`� t� ' � ��r� ��,
�t��C����� �R€&���1� �� � �J� � ��,,����c����'�;�`�� �f�
� ��.,� '`..._� �'�..� ~`�F/
22 Hydrologic Connectivity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for ripanan wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include mtensive ditching fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream incision
❑A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered m the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered m the assessment area
�D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area
Notes
Phragmites lateral ditching from ditches berm along perimeter facing Cape Fear River ditch spacing at 55 feet in quarter ditch fields flooded
to about two feet deep nm ditches get salt water at times about 4 feet deep According to Ddlon Epp water management(for most of past
200 years)is very extensive Fields flooded from Apnl to September to grow rice(gradually raismg water level throughout growmg season)but
flow diverted around area most of rest of year Histonc plowing with mules and oxen in early spring to allow planting of rice by see Site
required to dry out before harvest Most water flows thru bypass channel Outer dikes no regular flow connection to nver and streams Last
nce crop in 1931 and front field managed for waterfowl after that until Phragmites and dike breaches developed m last several decades South
field 40 acres m size

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 4 1
Rating Caiculator Version 4 1
Wetland Site Name Front South Rice Field Date of Assessment 10/20/2011
Dorney Allen
Wetland Type Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh Assessor Name/Organization Atkms
Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetiand is intensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located withm 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N) NO
Sub function Rating Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Ratmg
Hydrology Surtace Storage and Retention Condition NA
Sub surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Particulate Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportumty NA
Opporturnty Presence (Y/N) NA
Soluble Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Physical Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Pollution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opporturnty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition LOW
Landscape Patch Structure Condition HIGH
Vegetation Composition Condit�on LOW
Function Ratmg Summary
Function Metncs Ratmg
Hydrology Condition MEDIUM
Water Quality Condition LOW
Condition/Opporturnty LOW
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetland Rating �ow

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 41
Ratin Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name North Front field along Cape Fear River Date 11/7/2011
Wetland Type Brackish/Salt Marsh Assessor Name/Orgamzation Dorne Atkins
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain Nearest Named Water Body Ca eFear River
Rrver Basm Cape Fear USGS 8 Digit Catalogue Urnt 0303005
❑ Yes � No Preci itation within 48 hrs? Latitude/Lon itude dec�de rees 34 060206 77 949804
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area(may not be w�thin the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropriate m
recent past(for instance within 10 years) Noteworthy stressors include but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges containing obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality insect damage disease storm damage salt intrusion etc)
HabitaUplant community alteration(examples mowing clear cuttmg exotics etc)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
� Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected speaes or State endangered or threatened species
❑ NCDWQ nparian buffer rule in effect
� Abuts a Pnmary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concem(AEC)(including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference community
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland if any?(check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
� Brownwater
❑ Tidal(if tidal check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind � Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal�sland� ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver� ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank floodm durin normal ramfall conditions� � Yes ❑ No
1 Ground SurFace ConditioNVegetat�on Condition—assessment area condit�on metric
Check a box in each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
�A ❑A Not severely altered
❑B �B Severely altered over a ma�onty of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks beddmg fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechanical disturbance herbicides salt mtrusion [where appropnate] exotic species grazing
less diversity[if appropriate] hydrologic alteration)
2 Surface and Sub Surface Storage Capacity and Duration—assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surfl and sub surface storage capaaty and duration
(Sub) Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolina
hydric sods(see USACE Wilmington Distnct website)for the zone of influence of ditches in hydnc sods A ditch<_1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only while a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if applicable
Surf Sub
❑A �A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
�B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not sufficient to change vegetation)
❑C ❑C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration suffiaent to result in vegetation
change)(examples draming flooding sod compaction filling excessive sedimentation underground utdity lines)
3 Water Storage/SurFace Relief—assessment area/wetland type condition metric (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box m each column Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA UV'f
3a �A ❑A Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑C ❑C Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 inches deep
3b ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of mundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three sod property groups below Dig sod profile m the dominant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations within the top 12 mches Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for regional
indicators
4a ❑A Sandy sod
�B Loamy or clayey sods exhibitmg redoximorphic features(concentrations depletions or rhizospheres)
❑C Loamy or clayey sods not exhibitmg redoximorphic features
❑D Loamy or clayey gleyed sod
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b ❑A Sod nbbon< 1 inch
�B Sod nbbon?1 inch
4c ❑A No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discharge mto Wetland—opportunity metric
Check a box in each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Sur� and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges mclude presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
Surf Sub
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressmg but not overwhelmmg the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entenng the assessment area and
potentially overwhelmmg the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportunity metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
draming to assessment area withm entire upstream watershed (WS) within 5 mdes and within the watershed drairnng to the assessment
area(5M) and within 2 mdes and within the watershed draining to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
❑A ❑A ❑A > 10%impervious surfaces
❑B ❑B ❑B <10°/ impervious surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined animal operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D ?20%coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E >_20%coverage of agncultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F >_20/o coverage of maintamed grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G ?20/ coverage of clear cut land
�H �H �H Little or no opportunity to improve water quality Lack of opporturnty may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent dramage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area
7 Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer—assessment arealwetland complex cond�tion metric
7a Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tnbutary or other open water'�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 7b If No skip to Metric 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
❑A z 50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
�C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tnbutary width If the tributary is anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
❑<_15 feet wide �> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tnbutary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water�
�Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
❑Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
�Exposed—ad�acent open water with width?2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland Width at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Check a box in each column for riverine wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries
WT WC
DA �A >_ 100 feet
�B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to< 15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundation Duration—assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform
DA Evidence of short duration inundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of inundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long-duration inundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposition—assessment area cond�tion metric
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth since deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelming the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland
11 Wetland Size—wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metnc evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundanes of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(if applicable)
❑A �A ❑A >_500 acres
❑B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
�E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
❑F ❑F ❑F From 5 to< 10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to<1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K ❑K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosins only)
❑A Pocosin is the full extent(?90%)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosm type is<90%of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectiwty to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metric
13a Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked m each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metnc
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropriate) Boundaries are formed by four lane roads regularly maintamed utdity line
corridors the width of a four lane road or w�der urban landscapes maintained fields(pasture and agriculture) or open water> 300
feet wide
Well Loosely
❑A �A ?500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E <10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
�Yes ❑No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metric(sk�p for all marshes)
May involve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges Artificial edges include
non forested areas?40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly maintained utdity line corridors and clear cuts Consider
the eight mam points of the compass
❑A No artificial edge within 150 feet in all directions
❑B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artificial edge occurs withm 150 feet in more than four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetative Composition—assessment area condition metric(skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
❑A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropriate
species with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions but still largely composed of native species
charactenstic of the wetland type This may mclude commurnties of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
cleanng It also includes commumties with exotics present but not dominant over a{arge portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non characteristic
species or at least one stratum inappropnately composed of a smgle species) Exotic species are dominant m at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
❑A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primardy of native species(<10°/ cover of exotics)
❑B Vegetation diversity is low or has> 10/o to 50/o cover of exotics
❑C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species(>50 / cover of exotics)

17 Vegetatrve Structure-assessment arealwetland type condition metric
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metric 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A z 25/o coverage of vegetation
❑B <25%coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metric for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure m airspace above the assessment area(AA)and the wetiand rype(WT)separately
AA VV'f
o❑A ❑A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps associated with natural processes
�❑B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
c�❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
�
�❑A ❑A Dense mid story/sapling layer
�❑B ❑B Moderate density mid story/sapling layer
��C ❑C Mid story/sapling layer sparse or absent
�❑A �A Dense shrub layer
t�B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
��C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
.�❑A �A Dense herb layer
_❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags-wetland type condition metnc
❑A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 mches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
19 D�ameter Class Distribution-wetland type condition metric
�A Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems>6 inches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(>12 mches DBH)are
present
❑B Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH few are> 12 inch DBH
�C Ma�onty of canopy trees are<6 inches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debris-wetland type condition metric
Include both natural debns and man placed natural debns
❑A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches in diameter or large relative to species present and landscape stability)
�B Not A
21 Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion-wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas whde solid white areas indicate open water
DA`4 ❑B ❑C ❑D
f�,, ('„�,� /�"t'�.�� � r`J,.".�,.�I�r� ! "" �d"�.;� ��
� :
���.����� `�� `� ��' ����� z;
�a��� � ��"� ��� �'��������� °����1�� �f �r����3� �.���� �
��������� \. � �..�.r'�t,�� � � ����" �`�� �
, / �- ��� �� ;� •� �1
�`•�.� '---"�L.� -��"��%Y,,/ '�'�.,��/
22 Hydrologic Connectiwty-assessment area condition metric(evaluate for r�parian wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity mclude intensive ditching fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream incision
❑A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered m the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area
�C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
❑D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered m the assessment area
Notes
Very narrow fnnge of salt marsh (from 2 to 20 feet wide) between bulkhead and Cape Fear River Wetland is obviously severly eroded and
continues to erode regularly due to wave action from ships passing in ad�acent Shipping Channel

�
NC WAM Wetiand Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Version 4 1
Rating Calculator Version 4 1
Wetland Site Name North Front field along Cape Fear River ' Date of Assessment 11/7/2011
Dorney
Wetland Type Brackish/Salt Marsh Assessor Name/Orgarnzation Atkms
Notes on Field Assessment Form(Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is mtensively managed (Y/N) NO
Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N) YES
Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area experiences overbank flooding dunng normal ramfall conditions (Y/N) YES
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N) NO
Sub function Rating Summary
Function Sub function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Surtace Storage and Retention Condition NA
Sub surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Particulate Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Soluble Change Condition NA
Condition/Opporturnty NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Physical Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Pollution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition NA
Landscape Patch Structure Condition NA
Vegetation Composition Condition NA
Function Rating Summary
Function Metncs Rating
Hydrology Condition MEDIUM
Water Quality Condition HIGH
Condition/Opportunity HIGH
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition LOW
Overall Wetland Rating MEDIUM

NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
Accompanies User Manual Version 41
Ratin Calculator Version 41
Wetland Site Name Salt marsh along Cape Fear River Date 10/20/2011
between North and South fields
Wetland Type Brackish/Salt Marsh Assessor Name/Organizat�on Dorne Allen Atkins
Level III Ecoregion Middle Atlantic Coastal P{am Nearest Named Water Body Ca e Fear River
River Basin Cape Fear USGS 8 Digit Catalogue Unit 03030005
❑ Yes � No Precipitation within 48 hrs� Latitude/Lon �tude deci de rees 34 051902 77 944905
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area(may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note on the last page if evidence of stressors is apparent Consider departure from reference if appropriate in
recent past(for instance within 10 years) Noteworthy stressors mclude but are not limited to the following
Hydrological modifications(examples ditches dams beaver dams dikes berms ponds etc)
Surface and sub surface discharges into the wetland (examples discharges containing obvious pollutants presence of nearby
septic tanks underground storage tanks(USTs) hog lagoons etc)
Signs of vegetation stress(examples vegetation mortality msect damage disease storm damage salt intrusion etc)
HabitaUplant community aiteration(examples mowing clear cuttmg exotics etc)
Is the assessme�t area mtensively managed? ❑ Yes � No
Regulatory Considerations(select all that apply to the assessment area)
� Anadromous fish
❑ Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened speaes
❑ NCDWQ riparian buffer rule m effect
� Abuts a Primary Nursery Area(PNA)
❑ Publicly owned property
� N C Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concem(AEC)(including buffer)
❑ Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW ORW or Trout
❑ Designated NCNHP reference commurnty
❑ Abuts a 303(d) listed stream or a tnbutary to a 303(d) listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland if any?(check all that apply)
❑ Blackwater
� Brownwater
❑ Tidal(if tidal check one of the following boxes) ❑ Lunar ❑ Wind � Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ❑ Yes � No
Is the assessment area s surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ❑ Yes � No
Does the assessment area ex erience overbank floodin durin normal rainfall condit�ons? � Yes ❑ No
1 Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition—assessment area condition metric
Check a box �n each column Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) m the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual) If a reference is not applicable then rate the
assessment area based on evidence an effect
GS VS
�A �A Not severely altered
❑B ❑B Severely altered over a ma�onty of the assessment area(ground surface alteration examples vehicle tracks excessive
sedimentation fire plow lanes skidder tracks beddmg fill sod compaction obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples mechanical disturbance herbiades salt intrusion [where appropriatej exotic species grazmg
less diversity[if appropnate] hydrologic alteration)
2 Surface and Sub Surface Storage Capaaty and Duration—assessment area condition metnc
Check a box in each column Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surfl and sub surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub) Consider both increase and decrease�n hydrology Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditchmg gwdance for North Carolina
hydric soils(see USACE Wilmmgton District website)for the zone of influence of ditches in hydnc sods A ditch<_1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only whde a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub surface water Consider tidal flooding
regime if applicable
Surf Sub
�A �A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered
❑B ❑B Water storage capacity or duration are altered but not substantially(typically not sufficient to change vegetation)
❑C ❑C Water storage capacity or duration are substantially altered(typically alteration su�cient to result in vegetation
change)(examples draming flooding sod compaction filling excessive sedimentation underground utdity lines)
3 Water Storage/Surface Relief—assessment arealwetland type condition metnc (answer for non marsh wetlands only)
Check a box in each column Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type(WT)
AA VV'f
3a ❑A ❑A Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water> 1 deep
❑B ❑B Ma�ority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
❑C ❑C Ma�onty of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
❑D ❑D Depressions able to pond water<3 inches deep
3b ❑A Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet
❑B Evidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet
❑C Evidence that maximum depth of mundation is less than 1 foot

4 Sod Texture/Structure—assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three sod property groups below Dig sod profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature
Make sod observations withm the top 12 mches Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydnc Sods guidance for regional
indicators
4a ❑A Sandy sod
❑B Loamy or clayey sods exhibiting redoximorphic features(concentrations depletions or rhizospheres)
�C Loamy or clayey sods not exhibiting redoximorphic features
❑D Loamy or clayey gleyed sod
❑E Histosol or histic epipedon
4b ❑A Sod ribbon< 1 inch
�B Sod ribbon>_ 1 mch
4c DA No peat or muck presence
�B A peat or muck presence
5 Discharge into Wetland—opportunity metric
Check a box m each column Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surfl and sub surface pollutants or discharges (Sub)
Examples of sub surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank underground storage tank(UST) etc
Surf Sub
�A �A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entenng the assessment area
❑B ❑B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entenng the wetland and stressing but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
❑C ❑C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges(pathogen particulate or soluble)entenng the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland(water discoloration dead vegetation excessive
sedimentation odor)
6 Land Use—opportumty metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column) Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Consider sources
drammg to assessment area withm entire upstream watershed (WS) within 5 mdes and within the watershed drairnng to the assessment
area(5M) and within 2 mdes and withm the watershed draining to the assessment area(2M)
WS 5M 2M
❑A �A �A > 10°/ impervious surfaces
�B �B �B < 10/o impervious surfaces
❑C ❑C ❑C Confined arnmal operations(or other local concentrated source of pollutants
❑D ❑D ❑D ?20°/ coverage of pasture
❑E ❑E ❑E >_20°/ coverage of agricultural land(regularly plowed land)
❑F ❑F ❑F >_20/ coverage of maintained grass/herb
❑G ❑G ❑G >_20/o coverage of clear cut land
❑H ❑H ❑H Little or no opporturnty to improve water quality Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic alterations
that prevent dramage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area
7 Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer—assessment area/wetland complex condition metric
7a Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water'�
�Yes ❑No If Yes contmue to 7b If No skip to Metric 8
Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body Make buffer�udgment based on the average width of wetland
Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed
7b How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is wetland� Descnptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer
�A ?50 feet
❑B From 30 to<50 feet
❑C From 15 to<30 feet
❑D From 5 to< 15 feet
❑E <5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches
7c Tnbutary width If the tnbutary is anastomosed combine widths of channels/braids for a total width
❑<_15 feet wide �> 15 feet wide ❑Other open water(no tnbutary present)
7d Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tnbutary/open wate�
�Yes ❑No
7e Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed�
❑Sheltered—ad�acent open water with width<2500 feet and no regular boat traffic
�Exposed—ad�acent open water with width>_2500 feet or regular boat traffic
8 Wetland Width at the Assessment Area—wetland type/wetland complez condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Check a box in each column for nverine wetlands only Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT)
and the wetland complex at the assessment area(WC) See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries
WT WC
�A �A >_ 100 feet
❑B ❑B From 80 to< 100 feet
❑C ❑C From 50 to<80 feet
❑D ❑D From 40 to<50 feet
❑E ❑E From 30 to<40 feet
❑F ❑F From 15 to<30 feet
❑G ❑G From 5 to<15 feet
❑H ❑H <5 feet

9 Inundat�on Duration—assessment area condition metr�c
Answer for assessment area dominant landform
DA Evidence of short duration inundation(<7 consecutive days)
❑B Evidence of saturation without evidence of inundation
�C Evidence of long duration inundation or very long duration inundation(7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10 Indicators of Deposition—assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only(no plant growth since deposition)
�A Sediment deposition is not excessive but at approximately natural levels
❑B Sediment deposition is excessive but not overwhelmmg the wetland
❑C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland
11 Wetland Size—wetland typelwetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area the
size of the wetland type (WT) the size of the wetland complex (WC) and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable see User
Manual) See the User Manual for boundanes of these evaluation areas If assessment area is clear cut select K for the FW column
WT WC FW(if applicable)
❑A �A ❑A ?500 acres
❑B ❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
�C ❑C ❑C From 50 to<100 acres
❑D ❑D ❑D From 25 to<50 acres
�E ❑E ❑E From 10 to<25 acres
❑F ❑F ❑F From 5 to< 10 acres
❑G ❑G ❑G From 1 to<5 acres
❑H ❑H ❑H From 0 5 to< 1 acre
❑I ❑I ❑I From 0 1 to<0 5 acre
❑J ❑J ❑J From 0 01 to<0 1 acre
❑K ❑K ❑K <0 01 acre or assessment area is clear cut
12 Wetland Intactness—wetland type condition metric(evaluate for Pocosms only)
�A Pocosm is the full extent(>_90%)of its natural landscape size
❑B Pocosm type is<90%of the full extent of its natural landscape size
13 Connectiwty to Other Natural Areas—landscape condition metric
13a Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked m each column) Involves a GIS effort with field ad�ustment This metnc
evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely)to the landscape patch the contiguous
naturally vegetated area and open water(if appropnate) Boundaries are formed by four lane roads regularly maintamed utdity line
corridors the width of a four lane road or wider urban landscapes mamtained fields(pasture and agriculture) or open water> 300
feet w�de
Well Loosely
�A ❑A Z 500 acres
❑B ❑B From 100 to<500 acres
❑C ❑C From 50 to< 100 acres
❑D ❑D From 10 to<50 acres
❑E ❑E <10 acres
❑F ❑F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
13b Evaluate for marshes only
�Yes ❑No Wetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands
14 Edge Effect—wetland type condition metric(skip for all marshes)
May involve a GIS effort with field ad�ustment Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges Artifiaal edges include
non forested areas?40 feet wide such as fields development roads regularly maintained utdity Ime corridors and clear cuts Consider
the eight main pomts of the compass
❑A No artificial edge withm 150 feet in all directions
❑B No artifiaal edge within 150 feet m four(4)to seven(7)directions
❑C An artificial edge occurs withm 150 feet in more tfian four(4)directions or assessment area is clear cut
15 Vegetatrve Composition—assessment area condit�on metric(skip for all marshes and Pme Flat)
❑A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions Lower strata composed of appropnate
speaes with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area
❑B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions but stdl largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type This may mclude commurnties of weedy native speaes that develop after clearcuttmg or
clearing It also mcludes communities with exotics present but not dominant over a large portion of the expected strata
❑C
Vegetation severely altered from reference m composition Expected species are unnaturally absent(planted stands of non charactenstic
species or at least one stratum mappropriately composed of a single species) Exotic species are dommant m at least one
stratum
16 Vegetative Diversity—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for Non tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
�A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed pnmarily of native speaes(<10/ cover of exotics)
❑B Vegetation diversity is low or has> 10%to 50/o cover of exotics
❑C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species(>50%cover of exotics)

17 Vegetative Structure—assessment area/wetland type condition metric
17a Is vegetation present�
�Yes ❑No If Yes continue to 17b If No skip to Metric 18
17b Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation for all marshes only Skip to 17c for non marsh wetlands
�A ?25%coverage of vegetation
❑B <25/o coverage of vegetation
17c Check a box in each column for each stratum Evaluate this portion of the metric for non marsh wetlands Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area(AA)and the wetland type (WT)separately
AA VV'f
o�A ❑A Canopy closed or nearly closed with natural gaps associated with natural processes
�❑B ❑B Canopy present but opened more than natural gaps
c�❑C ❑C Canopy sparse or absent
�
o❑A ❑A Dense mid story/sapling layer
��B ❑B Moderate density m�d story/sapling layer
�❑C ❑C Mid story/sapimg layer sparse or absent
�❑A ❑A Dense shrub layer
_ ❑B ❑B Moderate density shrub layer
�❑C ❑C Shrub layer sparse or absent
�❑A �A Dense herb layer
_❑B ❑B Moderate density herb layer
❑C ❑C Herb layer sparse or absent
18 Snags—wetland type condition metric
❑A Large snags(more than one)are visible(> 12 inches DBH or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
19 Diameter Class Distribution—wetland type condition metr�c
❑A Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems>6 inches in diameter at breast height(DBH) many large trees(> 12 inches DSFI)are
present
❑B Ma�onty of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH few are> 12 inch DBH
�C Ma�ority of canopy trees are<6 inches DBH or no trees
20 Large Woody Debns—wetland type condition metric
Include both natural debris and man placed natural debns
❑A Large logs(more than one)are visible(> 12 mches in diameter or large relative to species present and landscape stabdity)
�B Not A
21 Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion—wetland type/open water condition metric(evaluate for Non Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas whde solid white areas indicate open water
❑A ❑B ❑C �D
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�a�`�...��—�.\ ���'�'�}�``�z� ��a!` � tv `��
�������������� ��}� � � �;��p � �r �, ��,���,� �';�,��
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22 Hydrologic Connectiwty—assessment area condition metric(evaluate for riparian wetlands only)
Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive ditching fill sedimentation channelization
diversion man made berms beaver dams and stream incision
�A Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area
❑B Overbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area
❑C Overland flow is severely altered in the assessment area
❑D Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area
Notes
Phragmites lateral ditching from ditches berm along perimeter facmg Cape Fear River ditch spacing at 55 feet m quarter ditch fields flooded
to about two feet deep nm ditches get salt water at times about 4 feet deep Accordmg to Ddlon Epp water management(for most of past
200 years)is very extensive Fields flooded from Aprd to September to grow rice(gradually raismg water level throughout growing season)but
flow diverted around area most of rest of year Histonc plowing with mules and oxen in early spnng to allow planting of nce by see Site
required to dry out before harvest Most water flows thru bypass channel Outer dikes no regular flow connection to nver and streams Last
nce crop in 1931 and front field managed for waterfowl after that untd Phragmites and dike breaches developed m last several decades South
field 40 acres in size

NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet
Accompanies User Manual Vers�on 41
Rating Calculator Version 4 1
Salt marsh along Cape Fear River between
Wetland Site Name North and South fields Date of Assessment 10/20/2011
Dorney Allen
Wetland Type Brackish/Salt Marsh Assessor Name/Orgarnzation Atkms
Notes on Field Assessment Form(Y/N) YES
Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N) YES
Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N) NO
Rssessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N) YES
Assessment area is substantialiy altered by beaver (Y/N) NO
Assessment area expenences overbank flooding durmg normal ramfall conditions (Y/N) YES
Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N) NO
Sub function Ratmg Summary
Funcfion Sub function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Surface Storage and Retention Condition NA
Sub surtace Storage and Retention Condition NA
Water Quality Pathogen Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opporturnty Presence (Y/N) NA
PaRiculate Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Soluble Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Physical Change Condition NA
ConditionlOpportunity NA
Opporturnty Presence (Y/N) NA
Pollution Change Condition NA
Condition/Opportunity NA
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NA
Habitat Physical Structure Condition NA
Landscape Patch Structure Condition NA
Veqetation Composition Condition NA
Function Ratmg Summary —
Function Metrics Rating
Hydrology Condition HIGH
Water Quality Condition HIGH
Condition/Opporturnty HIGH
Opportunity Presence (Y/N) NO
Habitat Condition HIGH
Overall Wetland Rating HIGH

APPENDIX B
IVIITIGATION SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

View of rice field from dike facing southeast.
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View of existing marsh from dike (adjacent to Orton Creek).
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3�
f. ���. .� �r?�.�fir- �� 5' ;. r� '�,r
orton Plantation L�.�7
Brunswick County, NC "" Mltlgatl011 Site
November 2011 U�w'�N.LMGroup.net
02-10-110C Phone: [phone] •1.866.LMG.1078 Photographs
Fax: [phone]
P.O. Box 2522,Wilmington. NC 28402

View of dike facing southeast toward river.
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View of dike facing southwest toward Orton Property.
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Orton Plantation I',�.,,C-,T,;,; ,
Brunswick County, NC "` Mitigation Site
November 2011 www.LMGroup.nei PhOtO ra hS
02-10-110C Phone: [phone] •1.866.LMG.1078 g p
Fax: [phone]
P.O. Box 2522,Wilmington. NC 28402
�

APPENDlX C
WETLAND BOUNDARY SURVEY

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