20201515_Merger Process Documentation_20110816

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
BEVERLY EAVES PERDUE
GOVERNOR
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AUG 0 3 7011
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EUGENE A. CONTI, JR.
SECRETARY
July 29, 2011
Ronnie Smith
US Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington Field Office
69 Dazlington Avenue
Wilmington, NC 38403
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Dear Mr. Smith:
SUBJECT: SECTION 404- NEPA MERGER PROCESS Application for a
Department of the Army (DOA) Permit pursuant to Section 404 of the
Clean Water Act to dischazge dredged or fill material into waters of the
United States to widen NC 87 from the Elizabethtown Bypass to
US 74-76, Bladen and Columbus Counties, North Carolina
WBS Element 34466.4.1
TIP Project R-2561
The following application, including separate attachments for (1) ENG Form 4345 and
(2) mailing list (labels), is submitted for your consideration. As you aze awaze, this project was
selected for treatment under the Merger process. At this juncture, the Regulatory Division has
provided concurrence with Purpose and Need (CP 1), and with the selection of Detailed Study
Alternatives (CP 2 and 2A). A State Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) has been
prepared and is being distributed with this application.
The following information is a summary of relevant project details and is being provided
to assist in the Section 404 regulatory review of the project. This letter and attachments,
along with the previously distributed SDEIS, should provide sufficient information for
the issuance of a Public Notice for the project.
Please issue yow public notice at the earliest opportunity so that we can jointly proceed
toward selecting the LEDPA (least environmentally damaging, practicable alternative
which meets the purpose and need of the project) following analysis of public input.
Once the LEDPA is selected and approved, efforts will be undertaken to further minimize
impacts to wetlands and riparian buffers in the LEDPA corridor and to propose suitable
compensatory mitigation to offset unavoidable impacts.

If you have any questions, or need additional information, please contact Ms. Kim
Gillespie, PE, at [phone] or Ms. Amy James at [phone].
Sincerely,
Grego rpe, Ph. ,Manager
Project Dev opment and Environmental Analysis Branch
CC: `Scott McLendon, USACOE, Wilmington (Cover Letter Only)
Mason Herndon, NCDWQ (7 copies)
Renee Gledhill-Eazley, HPO (if applicable)
Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Chris Militscher, USEPA
Gary Jordan, USFWS
Ron Sechler, NMFS
Jessi Baker, NCDMF
Art McMillan, PE, Highway Design
Jay Bennett, PE, Roadway Design
Greg Perfetti, PE, Structure Design
David Chang, PE, Hydraulics
Phil Hams, PE, Natural Environment Unit
Greg Bums, PE, Division 6 Engineer
Rob Hanson, PE, Project Development
Jay McImiis, PE, Project Development
Joel Strickland, RPO Coordinator, Mid-Cazolina RPO
Don Eggert, RPO Coordinator, Cape Fear RPO

APPLICATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMR OMB APPROVAL NO. 0710-0003
(33 CFR 325) EXPIRES: 31 Au ust 2012
Public reporting burden for this cdlection of infomtation rs estimated to average 11 hours per response, indutling the time for reviewing insWCtions, searching
existing data sources, gathering arld maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the cdlectiort of information. Send commends regarding this
burden estimate a arty dher asDeU of this ml~ction of information, indudirg suggestions (or reducing this burden, fo Deparhnertl of Defense, Washington
Headquarters, Executive Services and Communications Diredorate, Irdartation Managemerrt Division and to the Office of Management and Budget,
~
Papertwrk Redudion
Projed (0710.0003). Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be wbject m any
penalty for failing to comply with a wlledion of irdornation if it does no[ display a curten0y valid OMD contrd number. Please DO NOT RETURN your form to
either of tftose addresses. Completed applications must be submitted fo the DistriG Engineer having judsdidion over the location of the proposed adivily.
PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT
Authodties: Rivers and Harbors Ad, Section 10, 33 USC 403; Clean Water AU, Sedion 404, 33 USC 1344; Marine Protection, Research, and Sanduades
Ad, Section 103, 33 USC 1413; Regulatory Programs of the Corps of Engineers; Rnal Rule 33 CFR 320.332 Prindpal Purpose: Information provided on this
form will be used in evaluating the application for a permit Routine Uses: This Information may be shared with the Department o(Justice and other federal,
state, and kxal govemmerd agendas, end the pubfic and may he made avadade as pan of a public notice as required by Federel law. Subrussion d
requested information is vduntary, however, rt information is not provided the permit application cannot be evaluated nor ran a pernit be Lsuted. One set of
original drawings or good reprodudble copies whiff show the bcation and charader oT Ote proposed activity must be attached to Ws appliption (see sample
drawings and ins Wdions) and be submi0ed to the District Engineer having judsdidion over the location of the proposed activity. An application that is ml
canpleted in full tall be relumed. '-
(ITEMS 1 THRU 4 TO BE FILLED BY THE CORPS)
L APPLICATION NO. 2 FIELD OFFICE CODE 3. DATE RECENED 4. DATE APPLICATION COMPLEZE
(ITEMS BELOW TO BE FILLED BYAPPLICANTJ
5. APPLICANT'S NAME: 8. AUTHORIZED AGENTS NAME AND TITLE (an agent rs not required)
Frst- Greg Middle- Last- 7Aorpe First- Middle- Las[-
COmpary- NC oeM.Or Tronapptetlon-Pmiact oevebpmantd Fnvbomnemel Anefysh Cornpany-
E-mail Address- a9meePle~amor.yd. EanailAddress-
8. APPLICANTS ADDRESS. 9. AGENT'S ADDRESS
Address - 1540 Mad Service Center Address -
Ciry- rweidn State- NC Zip- aesatsae Country- US4 City- State- Zip- Country-
7. APPLICANTS PHONE NOs. W/AREA CODE 10. AGENTS PHONE NOs. WlARF11 CODE
a. Residence b. Business c. Fax a. Residence b. Business c. Fax
919.707.6000
STATEMENT OF AUTHORfZAT/0N
i t. I hereby auNorize, - to act in my behaN as rtry agent in the processing of tttis applip0on and to famish, upon request,
supplemental mfomration in support of this pern0 appliralion_
APPLICANTS SIGNATURE DATE
NAME, LOCATION, AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT OR ACTIVITY
12. PROJECT NAME OR TITLE (see xmmdiasl
TIP Project R-2561 (NC 87 Widening from Elizabethtown Bypass to US 74-76, Bladen & Columbus Cos.)', WBS 34466.4.1
13_ NAME OF WATERBODY, IF KNOWN (4 ayptiodel 14. PROJECT STREET ADDRESS (a ~piadel
Hammond Creek, Beaverdam Creek, and other streams
Andress
15. LOCATION OF PROJECT
LaglWe:'N
LmngiWde: 'W
Ciry- Stale- Zry-
16-OTHER LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS, IF KNOWN (sce x¢vurlions)
State Tax Parcel ID Municipality
SecOon - Township - Rance -
17. DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE
See attached vicinity map
ENG FORM 4345, SEPT 2009 EDmoN of ocrzlxw is oasolFTE Proponr.M: cECw-oR

18. NaWre of Activity (mewmuonmgakd. Yrtluoe aA teaNes)
Widen NC 87 to a multi-lane facility from the Elizabethtown Bypass to US 74-76.
19. Pmjed Purpose (oesmee art rmsm«qupose Mtlie palaet. see iisVUCtimsl
The purpose of the proposed project is to improve mobility and reduce travel time along the NC 87
corridor between Elizabethtown and US 74-76.
USE BLOCKS 20-23IF DREDGED AND/OR FILL MATERIAL IS TO BE DISCHARGED
20. Reasan(s)for Discharge
Fill material for highway construction.
21. Type(s) of Maledal Being Discharged and the Amount of Each Type in Cubic Yards:
Type Type Type
Amount in Cubic Yards Artaunt in Cubic Yards Amount in Cubic Yards
22. Surface Area in Aces of We[IaMs or Other Waters Filled (see usWCbars)
Aces See attached informatlon
Or
Liner Feet
23. Description of Avadance, Minim¢ation, arxf Compensation (sea Mwcaons)
See attached information
24. Is Arry Portion of the Work Already Complete? Yes ~ No ~ IF YES, DESCRIBE THE COMPLETED WORK
25. Addresses of Adjanirg Properly Owners, Lessees, Efc., Whose Property Adjoins th Waterbody lrc rtne than ran ee eneerm oars, pease amM a sipplerrmnW ustl.
Address- See attached mailing labels
City- Stale _ Zip _
26. Lot of Odrer Cer65cations or ApprovaL4Denials Received hwn other Federal, Smte, a Local Agendas (ar Wok DesrnLed m This Application.
AGENCY TYPE APPROVAL' IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DATE APPLIED DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED
' Would inchMe but is rrot restdcted to zanirg, buildorg, and flood plain permits
27. Applimtion is hereby made Tor a permit or permits to authorize Me work described in this application. I certify that the information in this application is
tmlplete and accurate. I further certify that I possess the authority to tmdedake the work described herein or am acting as the duty au0adzed agent of the
aPPlicant. ~q`'~
C///~//~~T OF APPLI ANT ~ DA E SIGNATURE OF AGENT DATE
The eppl ~ must be sgned y th~n who desires to undertake the proposed activity (applirsrd) or it may be signed M e duty euthorizad agent if the
statemerd in lock 11 has been filled out and signed.
18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that Whoever, in any manner within the jurisdiction of any depertrnenl or agency of the United States knowingly and willfulty
falsifies, conceals, a covers up any trick, sdteme, ar disguises a material fad or makes any false, fictitious a fiaudukm[ statements or representations or
makes or uses arty false writing or document knowing same to cortlain arty false, fictitious or fraudulent s~lements or ertfry, shag be fined rrot more than
$10 000 or impdsoned rtot mae than five years or both.
ENG FORM 4345, SEPT 2009

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 1 of 28
NC 87 WIDENING FROM THE ELIZABETHTOWN BYPASS TO US 74-76
BLADEN AND COLUMBUS COUNTIES
TIP PROJECT R-2561
INTRODUCTION
The proposed project involves the widening of NC 87 from the Elizabethtown Bypass to
US 74-76 in Bladen and Columbus counties. An alternative being considered is widening
NC 87 from the Elizabethtown Bypass to NC 11 and then widening NC 11 from NC 87
to US 74-76. The proposed widening is included in the 2009-2015 North Cazolina State
Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). The location is shown in Figure 1.
NEPA/404 MERGER PROCESS DOCUMENTATION
The project is state funded and is subject to the North Cazolina Environmental Policy
Act. The meeting for Concurrence Point 1 was held on May 24, 2007. May 22, 2008
was the meeting date for Concurrence Point 2. Two meetings were held for Concurrence
Point 2A. The first meeting was a field meeting on August 31, 2010. The second
meeting was held on November 9, 2010. Concurrence was reached on Purpose and Need
and Alternatives to be Carved Forward for Detailed Study (Concurrence Points 1, 2) at
their prospective meetings. Concurrence on Bridging Decisions (Concurrence Point 2A)
was reached at the November meeting. Due to additional knowledge acquired at the field
meeting, the Alternatives to be Carried Forward for Detailed Study were revised.
Concurrence was met for Concurrence Point 2 (revised) at the November meeting.
PROJECT PURPOSE AND NEED
The purpose of the proposed project is to improve mobility and reduce travel time along
the NC 87 corridor between Elizabethtown and.US 74-76.
The proposed project is intended to address the following needs:
o NC 87 provides regional connectivity between the Fayetteville area and the
southern North Carolina coast. The proposed project is a component of the NC
Strategic Highway Corridors Program, which is focused on upgrading and
preserving North Carolina's existing transportation system. As part of the
Strategic Highway Comdors Program, the proposed project will improve access
to and from the Wilmington metropolitan area. The proposed NC 87
Improvements are part of the North Cazolina Intrastate System, which was
enacted by the Highway Trust Fund Act of 1989 to provide high-speed, safe travel
service throughout the state. The subject section of NC 87 is the only remaining
two-lane section of the intrastate corridor between I-95 and US 74-76.
o NC 87 is an important route iri support of Fort Bragg. NC 87 between Fort Bragg
and the Military Ocean Terminal at Sunny Point is a major connector on the

R-256], July 2011, Merger Application
Page 2 of 28
nationally designated Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET). The
STRAHNET is a system of roads deemed necessary for emergency mobilization
and peacetime movement of heavy armor, fuel, ammunition and other
commodities to support US military operations. Even though heavy equipment is
primarily deployed by rail, highways play a critical role. The implementation of
recommendations contained in the Defense Base Closure and Realignment
Commission (WRAC) Final Report (WRAC, 2005) will mean an influx of
personnel and equipment into Fort Bragg and surrounding azea. The.
Comprehensive Regional Growth Plan for the Fort Bragg Region (BRACRTF,
2008) predicts that military investment will increase the region's population by an
additiona140,815 people by 2013.
o Without improvements, portions of NC 87 within the study azea will operate at or
above capacity in the design yeaz 2035. The 24-mile section of NC 87 from NC
87 Business to NC 11 currently operates at level of service (LOS) C. The six-mile
section from NC 11 to US 74-76 operates at LOS D. Without improvements,
existing NC 87 from Elizabethtown to NC 11 will operate at LOS D in the yeaz
2035. NC 87 from NC 11 to US 74-76 will operate at LOS E in 2035.

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 3 of 28
COST ESTIMATES AND SCHEDULE
Cost estimates for each TIP project section are presented in Table 1 below. The project
is scheduled to begin right of way acquisition in State Fiscal Yeaz 2013 and construction
in State Fiscal Year 2015.
Table 1
Section Cost Estimates
SECTION DESCRIPTION COSTS PER SECTION
Section Construction Utility Right of TOTAL
Project Section Highway Length Cost Re]ocation Way COST
mi) millions (millions) millions) (millions)
SECTIONS COMMON TO BOTH ALTERNATIVES
A (Elizabethtown
Bypass to SR 1730 NC 87 13.12 $49.63 $8.93 $11.94 $83.62
(Elwell Fe Rd))
B (SR 1730 in
Bladen County to NC 87 10.47 $37.12 $6.78 $11.88 $66.25
NC 11 in
Columbus County
C (NC 11 to NC 87 15.14 $70.90 $5.63 $22.44 $114.11
US 74-76
C (NC 87 to NC 11 4.78 $7.69 $1.77 $19.05 $33.29
US 74-76)
ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED
No-Build Alternative
The No-Build Alternative would forego improvements to existing NC 87, with the
exception of regulaz maintenance activities. This alternative would avoid any adverse
environmental impacts or residential relocations. However, adverse social and economic
effects aze likely to result from increased congestion and accident potential. Portions of
NC 87 will operate at or above capacity by the year 2035. The No-Build Alternative
would not satisfy the purpose of and need for the proposed project, and was therefore
eliminated from further study.
Preliminary Study Alternatives
Transportation System Management
Transportation System Management (TSM) improvements involve increasing the
available capacity of the facility within the existing right of way with minimum capital
expenditures and without reconstructing the existing facility. Items such as the addition
of turn lanes, striping signing, signalization, and minor realignments aze examples of

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 4 of 28
TSM physical improvements. Traffic law enforcement, speed restrictions, access control,
and signal timing changes aze examples of TSM operational improvements. Although
signal improvements are being included in the design of the proposed build altematives,
TSM improvements alone would not adequately address design year traffic demand and
will therefore not satisfy the purpose of and need for the proposed project.
Travel Demand Management
Travel Demand Management (TDM) strategies include staggered work hours, flex-time,
ridesharing, and high occupancy vehicle (HOB lanes. The NC 87 corridor serves rural,
regional traffic and does not experience heavy commute patterns chazacteristic of more
urbanized comdors. Employment destinations, with the exception of the paper plant in
Riegelwood, are scattered and fairly small. Therefore, it is not expected that adjustments
to work schedules, ridesharing, or flex-time would substantially reduce peak hour traffic
volumes throughout the entire length of NC 87 within the project limits. The TDM
alternative does not adequately address design yeaz traffic demand and will therefore not
satisfy the purpose of and need for the proposed project.
Alternate Modes of Transportation
Alternate modes of transportation include bus, rail-passenger service, or
bicycle/pedestrian facilities. The project study azea is not currently served by mass
transit, rail, or a commuting corridor for bicycle and pedestrian activity. This is due to
the lack of demand, dispersed residential azeas, diffused employment centers, and
diversity of trip origins and destinations. In addition, many major employment centers
aze located in neighboring Cumberland, New Hanover and Robeson counties. This
altemative does not accommodate design yeaz traffic demand and will therefore not
satisfy the purpose of and need for the proposed project.
New Location Alternative
A preliminary build alternative was developed that proposed to widen existing NC 87
from the Elizabethtown Bypass to the town of Carvers and then continue south on new
location to US 74-76 west ofNC 11. This alternative was studied after it was suggested
at a Citizens Informational Workshop in 2006. After a preliminary traffic analysis, it was
determined that improvements would still be required on existing NC 87 to accommodate
projected traffic volumes through the Riegelwood area. In addition to increased cost and
higher impacts, the new location altemative would not meet the purpose of and need for
the proposed project and was not tamed forwazd for additional study.
Improve Existing Facilities Alternafive
The build alternatives discussed below would improve existing NC 87 from atwo-lane,
undivided roadway to a four-lane, median-divided roadway from the Elizabethtown
Bypass to US 74-76. This altemative would meet the purpose of and need for the
proposed project.

R-2561, July 201 I, Merger Application
Page 5 of 28
Preliminary Widening Alternatives
Figure 2 shows the two preliminary widening altematives developed for the proposed
project. These preliminary widening alternatives all involve widening existing NC 87
and/or existing NCI 1 to a four-lane, median-divided roadway with modified superstreet
configurations (restricting left toms from side streets and driveways).
Alternative A (NC 87) -Widen existing NC 87 from Elizabethtown Bypass to
US 74-76
This alternative would create afour-lane divided facility with right-in/right-out access at
all sidestreets and driveways with the exception of SR 1817 (Riegelwood Plant Road).
This road serves as the Riegelwood Paper Plant entrance. Afull-movement, signalized
intersection allowing left-turns will be provided at this location due to the high number of
trucks and constrained right of way. Two interchanges aze also proposed for this
alternative. The first would be at the existing intersection of NC 87 with NC 11. The
second interchange is proposed at the intersection of NC 87 with US 74-76.
Alternative B (NC 87/NC 11) -Widen existing NC 87 from Elizabethtown Bypass to
NC 11 west of Riegelwood then widen NC 11 to US 74-76 (Route NC 87 onto
existing NC 11)
This alternative would create afour-lane divided facility with right-in/right-out access at
all sidestreets and driveways. NC 87 would be re-routed down the current NC 11
alignment to US 74-76. Two interchanges aze proposed for this alternative. The first
would be at the existing intersection of NC 87 with NC 11. The second interchange is
proposed at the intersection ofNC 11 with US 74-76.
Widening scenarios for Alternative A and Alternative B -Options for adding a
median and additional lanes to a two-lane roadway usually involve widening to one side
or the other. In the case of a very long project, the optimal alignment can change as the
surrounding conditions change along the roadway corridor. To account for this factor,
the project was divided into 22 sections with both east and west side widening scenarios.
The sections vary in length and were developed to group azeas with potential impacts and
to create breaks at logical transition points (i.e. curves in the existing road where the
preliminary build altematives' designs could more easily transition from east to west or
west to east). Figure 2 shows the sections for the Preliminary Alternatives overlain on
the study area. A lazge portion of the proposed project (NC 87 from the Elizabethtown
Bypass to NC 11) is common to both preliminary build alternatives. As shown in
Table 2, impacts for each section were tabulated with both east and west widening
scenarios.

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 6 of 28
Table 2
Preliminary Build Alternatives Comparison
SECTION DESCRIPTION NATURAL
RESOURCES RELOCATIONS ALTERNATIVE WOULD REQUIRE
RIGHT OF WAY FROM:
Section Hwy
' Section
Length
mi Wetland
Impacts
ac) Stream
Impacts
ft Home Business Historic
Property Park Church Cemetery School
SECTIONS COMMON TO BOTH PRELIMINARY BUILD ALTERNATIVES
I East NC 87 0.80 6 I
West NC 87 0.80 7
2 East NC 87 5.87 6.59 997 4
West NC 87 - 5.87 11.77 988 t 1 1
3 East NC 87 0.98 0.30 195
West NC 87 0.98 0.41 287
4 East NC 87 1.29 0.80 250 I
West NC 87 1.29 1.30 465 2 1
5 East NC 87 0.94 1.44 .125 2
West NC 87 0.94 2.13 304 4
6 East NC 87 1.09 2.79
West NC 87 1.09 1.85 1
7 East NC 87 1. ] 8 2.84 683
West NC 87 1.18 1.88 115 2
8 East NC 87 1.93 2.08 240 1 0
West NC 87 1.93 2.22 1,038 I
9 East NC 87 0.62 ~ 1 1
West NC 87 0.62 0.01 ~ 0 0
10 East NC 87 0.98 0.24 425 1
West NC 87 0.98 0.30 519 1 1 1
1 I East NC 87 L34 0.97 185 4
West NC 87 1.34 0.13 8
12 East NC 87 3.21 0.71 1,150 3 1
West NC 87 3.21 3.61 1,463 4
13 East NC 87 1.90 0.65 3
West NC 87 1.90 1.00 89 ]0
14 East NC 87 1.46 1.39 531 9
West NC 87 1.46 2.00 142 5
15 East NC 87 1.18 3.37 500 15 .
West NC 87 I.IS 3.86 789 14
SECTIONS SPECIFIC TO ALTERNATIVE A
16 East NC 87 2.23 1.65 140 8
West NC 87 2.23 0.28 155 IS
17 East NC 87 1.59 0.11 210 6 2 I
West NC 87 1.59 0.13 102 9 2 1 I 1
18 East NC 87 2.14 1.83 1,265 6 1
- West NC 87 2.14 1.89 525 6
SECTIONS SPECIFIC TO ALTERNATIVE B
19 East NC 1] 0.82 2.54 1,013 13
West NC 11 0.82 3.33 750 13
20 East NC 11 1.52 265 2 1
West NC 11 1.52 0.01 135 3
21 East NC 11 1.89 756 7
West NC 11 1.89 0.92 756 10
22 East NC 11 0.55 3.29 1,711 IS 1
West NC 11 0.55 7.06 2,014 17 1 ---

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 7 of 28
Both Altemative A and Alternative B were selected for detailed study. Based on .
anticipated impacts, the following widening scenarios were carved forward for detailed
study:
Sections 1 through 6 -East side widening was carried forwazd.
Section 7 -Both east side and west side widening were carried forwazd.
Sections 8 through 10 -East side widening was carried forward.
Section 11 -Both east side and west side widening were cazried forwazd.
Sections 12 and 13 -East side widening was carried forwazd.
Section 14 -West side widening was carried forwazd.
Sections 15 through 17 -East side widening was carried forward.
Section 18 -West side widening was carried forwazd.
Sections 19 through 22 -East side widening was tamed forward.
The Merger Team agreed on the selection of these widening scenarios for detailed study
at a Merger Team Meeting held on May 22, 2008.
DETAILED STUDY ALTERNATIVES
The two preliminary build alternatives retained for detailed study aze described below
and shown in Figure 2. Most of the widening scenarios retained for Alternatives A and
B would widen to the east; however, there also were segments where widening scenarios
to either side were retained for further study.
Each detailed study alternative is proposed as a four-lane, median-divided roadway with
a 46-foot grass median and 8-foot grass shoulders (4-foot paved). A 23-foot median is
proposed through Riegelwood with Altemative A. Both detailed study alternatives
include interchanges at NC 87 and NC 11 and at the south terminus at US 74-76. The
approximate length of the project is 30 miles. Each alternative will be presented to the
public at a public hearing for citizen comment. Tables 3 and 4 on the next two pages
provide a comparison of the widening scenarios and construction cost estimates for
Alternatives A and B, respectively.

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R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 9 of 28
Table 4
Detailed Study Alternatives
Cost Estimates
SECTION DESCRIPTION COSTS PER SECTION

Sections
Highway Section
Length
(mi) Construction
Cost
(millions) Utility
Relocation
(millions) Right of
Way
(millions TOTAL
COST
millions)
SECTIONS COMMON TO BOTH ALTERNATIVES
1-6 East NC 87 10.97 $41.40 $8.19 $10.80 $60.39
7 East NC 87. 1.18 $4.70 $0.10 $0.40 $5.20
7 West NC 87 1.18 $4.65 $0.10 $0.53 $5.28
8-10 East NC 87 3.53 $12.90 $2.34 $2.23 $17.47
11 East NC 87 1.34 $4.65 $0.84 $2.15 $7.64
11 West NC 87 1.34 $4.60 $1.92 $2.68 $9.20
12-13 East NC 87 5.11 $17.80 $2.44 $5.08 $25.32
14 West NC 87 1.46 $5.30 $0.72 $2.50 $8.52
SECTIONS COMMON TO ALTERNATNE A ONLY
15* East NC 87 4.51 (A-1) $19.30 $1.275 $5.48 $26.05
16-17 East NC 87 3.82 $13.80 $2.78 $8.68 $25.26
18* West NC 87 6.81 $37.80 $1.57 $8.28 $47.65
Cost Ran a for Alternative A ow/Hi b; in mullions) $223.48/$225.11
SECTIONS COMMON TO ALTERNATNE B ONLY
19-22* East NC 11 4.78 (B-1) $7.69 $1.766 $19.05 $97.72
Cost Ran a for Alternative B ow/Hi h; in millions) $222.24/$223.88
*Sections IS & ] 9 include the proposed interchange at NC 87 & NC 11. Sections 18 & 22 include interchanges at US 74-76.
Structures,
There aze 11 major structures (structures lazger than 72 inches in diameter) proposed for
Alternative A and 9 proposed for Alternative B. The locations of major drainage
structures aze shown in Figure 3 and summarized in Table 5 on the nextpage.
Additional stream crossings requiring structures less than 72 inches in diameter aze
considered minor drainage structures and will be identified during the final design phase
of the project. The NEPA/404 Merger Team concurred, with three abstentions, on bridge
lengths at a meeting held on November 9, 2010. Representatives of the US Fish and
Wildlife Service, US Environmental Protection Agency, and the NC Wildlife Resources
Commission abstained because they believed additional bridge lengths should be
provided for wildlife passage at Hammond Creek and Livingston Creek. The US Fish
and Wildlife Service and NC Wildlife Resources Commission had requested that 30 feet
be provided under' the bridges from the top of the stream bank to the toe of the end slope
of the bridges. NCDOT typically provides ten feet between the top of the bank and the
toe of the slope. NCDOT agreed to lengthen the bridges by ten feet to provide 15 feet
between the top of the bank and the toe of the slope.
NCDOT will continue to examine appropriate bridge lengths at Hammond Creek and
Livingston Creek. -

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 10 of 28

s
Table 5
Proposed Structures for Detailed Study Alternatives
Proposed Structure'
Site Stream Existing Structure
East West
Hammond Bridge # 14, Replace with dual bridges
1 Creek B1
'ty
' (40' x 210', 36' x 210')
28
x 180

2
Drunken Run Double RCBC Extend culvert w/Yx7'x9S' S'xTx70' (inlet)
Yx7'x12S' (outlet) S'xTx13' (outlet)
Single RCBC Extend culvert w/]0'x7'x114'
3 Donoho Creek 10'xTxSO' (inlet), 10'xTx132' (outlet)
4 Carvers Creek Triple RCBC Replace w/10'x14'x1S0'
10' x 12' x SS' triple RCBC
Double RCBC Extend culvert w/10'x9'x10' Extend culvert w/10'x9'x90'
S Plummets Run 10'x9'x80' (inlet), 10'x9'x90' (outlet) (inlet), 10'x9'x10' (outlet)
extension (outlet)
7 Bridge Branch Single RCBC
'
'
' Extend culvert w/10'x8'x20'
'
'
' Extend culvert w/10'x8'x70'
'
'
'
x8
x9S
10 (outlet)
(inlet), 10
x8
x90 (inlet), 10
x8
x10
(outlet)
8 Beaverdam Double RCBC Extend culvert w/8'x9'x10'
Creek 8'x9'x50' (inlet), 8'x9'x80' (outlet)
9 Weyman Triple RCBC Replace w/8'x14'x260' Replace w/8'x14'x2SS'
Creek 10' x 12' x SS' triple RCBC triple RCBC
10 Weyman Double RCBC Replace with dual bridges Replace with dual bridges
Creek . 12'x12'x47' (48' x 100') (48' x 100')

Livingston Bridge # 14,
Replace with dual bridges ~ ~
I
11 Creek Columbus County, (36' x 210') ~
6 Steep Run 7'x7'x6S' with (inlet), 7'x7'x14' extension Extend culvert w/7'x7'x82'
Tx10'x20' (sheathing), TxTx100' (inlet), TxTx30' (outlet)
28 x 180
NOTES: 11 Recommended stmcture dimensions show
eas[em
scenarios for Sites 2, 4, & 10 are likely to require headwall work at opposite culvert ends.
Traffic Operations
Segment traffic capacity analyses were conducted for the following sections: l) NC 87
from NC 87 Business to NC 11; 2) NC 87 from NC 11 to US 74/76; and, 3) NC 11 from
NC 87 to US 74-76. A total of fifty-two intersections along NC 87, NC 11, and
US 74-76 were also analyzed, two of which are signalized.
2035 Build Traffic Projections
The projected 2035 traffic volumes (vehicles per day) for Alternative A and Alternative
B aze shown in Figures 4 and 5, respectively.

R-2561, July 201 I, Merger Application
Page 11 of 28
2035 Build Capacity Analysis
The results of the segment analysis indicate that Alternatives A and B would operate at
LOS C or better in 2035. In the Altemative B (NC 87/NC 11) scenario, the unimproved
two-lane section of existing NC 87 from NC 11 to US 74-76 would operate at LOS D in
2035. Figures 4 and 5 show the 2035 LOS segment analysis results for Alternative A
and Altemative B, respectively. The locations of any intersections projected to operate
below a LOS D in 2035 aze shown in these figures as well.
Alternafive A Intersection Analysis -All intersections within the limits of Alternative A,
and along NC 11 between NC 87 and US 74-76, would operate at a LOS D or better.
Ramp intersections at the interchanges of NC 87 and NC 11 and NC 87 and US 74-76
would operate at LOS C or better.
Alternative B Intersection Analysis - As with Alternative A, all intersections within the
limits of Alternative B would operate at a LOS D or better, with provision of a signal at ,
the NC 11 (rerouted NC 87) intersection with SR 1740 (Old Lake Road). Eight
unsignalized intersections and one signalized intersection along existing NC 87 south of
NC 11, primarily in the Riegelwood azea, would operate at an unacceptable LOS if
Altemative B is constructed. Figure 4 shows LOS for signalized intersections and
segments. These intersections would not be part of the rerouted NC 87 along the current
NC 1 I alignment; however, the unacceptable LOS indicates that improvements would
still be necessary through the Riegelwood segment of existing NC 87. Ramp
intersections at the interchanges of NC 87 and NC 11 and NC 11 (rerouted NC 87) and
US 74-76 would operate at LOS D or better.
WATERS OF THE U.S.
SURFACE WATERS
Streams
Sixty-eight jurisdictional streams, both perennial and intermittent, were identified in the
project azea. Table 6 depicts these streams on the next two pages. The streams are shown
in Figure 6.

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 12 of 28
Table 6
Jurisdictional Cha"racteristics of Water Resources in the Project Area
Stream
ID Stream Name ~ Channel
Width ft Bank
Hei ht ft) Substrate
1 UT [o Brown's Creek 5.0 2-3 sand/silt
].5 UT to Brown's Creek 2.0 1 sand/graveVclay
2 UT to Hammond Creek 3.5 2-4 sand/silUmud
3 il'I' to Hammond Creek 4.0 6 sand/sildmud
4 iJT [o Cape Feaz River 4.0 3 sand/gravel
5 Hammond Creek 80.0 6 sand/silt
6 Cameron Creek 4.0 2-3 sand/gravel
7 UT to White's Creek 3.0 2-3 sand/ ravel
8 LJT [o White's Creek 3.0 3 sand/gravel
9 UT to White's Creek 3.0 . 2 sand/mud
9.5 UT to White's Creek 2.0 2~ sand/mud
10 UT to White's Creek 3.0 1-2 sand/sildmud
11 ~ Drunken Run 4.0 3 sand/gravel
12 UT to Drunken Run 2.5 1.5 sand/sildmud
13 UT to Drunken Run 2.5 0.5-1 sand/silUmud
14 Donoho Creek 5.0 2 sand/ ravel
15 iTT to Donoho Creek 2.0 8 sand/cla
16 iJ'C to Donoho Creek 4.0 6-8 sand/graveUcobble
17 UT to Donoho Creek 3.0 3 sand/sildmud
18 Carvers Creek 37.0 4 sand/ avel
19 I1T' to Carvers Creek 3.0 1 sand/silt
20 UT to Carvers Creek 3.0 2 sand/silt
21 UT to Carvers Creek 3.0 2 sand/sil[
22 UT to Carvers Creek 3.0 3-8 silUmud
23 UT to Carvers Creek 2.0 1 sand/gravel
24 UT to Carvers Creek 3.0 2-3 sand/silt
25 UT to Plummers Run 3.0 1-2 sand/silt
26 Plummers Run 30.0 3-4 sand/silUmud
27 il'I' to Plummers Run 3.0 2 sand/sildmud
28 LTT to Ca a Fear River 6.0 2-4 sand/gravel/silt
29 iTT to Ca a Fear River 6.5 5 sand/gravel
30 UT to Ca e Fear River ~ 3.0 I-1.5 sand/graveUsilt
31 UT to Ca a Fear River 2.0 I-1.5 sand/graveUsilt
31.5 Ste Run 70.0 4 sand/mud
32 iTC to Ca a Fear River 2.0 1.5 sand/sil[
33 UT to Ca a Fear River 4.0 2-3 sand/ aveUsilt
33.5 il'T to Ca a Fear River 3.0 1-2 sand/silt
34 iJ'T to Ca a Fear River 5.0 2-3 sand/ aveUsilt
34.5 UT to Beaverdam Creek 5.0 2 silUmud
35 UT to Beaverdam Creek 3.0 4 sand/silUmud
36 UT to Beaverdam Creek 6.0 3 sand/silUmud
37 UT to Beaverdam Creek 4.0 2 sand/ ravel
37.5 il'I' to We an Creek 8.0 2~ mud/silt
38" We an Creek 3.0 3 sand/silUmud
SB LTT to We an Creek 2.0-3.0 1.0 sand
39 iJ1' to We an Creek 4.0 1-2 sand/silt
40 iJ'I' to We an Creek 3.0 0.5-1 sand/silt

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 13 of 28
Stream
ID
Stream Name Channel
Wid[h ft) Bank
Hei ht ft)
Substrate '
41 Double Branch 3.0 3 sand/silt
42 LJT to Double Branch 3.0 3 sand/silUmud
43 LIT to Livingston Creek 5.0 3-4 silUmud
44 UT to Livingston Creek 3.0 0.5 sand/sildmud
45 Livingston Creek 34.0 6-10 sand/mud
45.5 UT to Livin ston Creek 13.5 6 sand/mud
46 Lindscomb Branch 10.0 2-3 sand
47 UT to Lindscomb Branch 4.0 1 sand/mud
48 LiT to Lindscomb Branch 5.0 1-2 sand/mud
49 UT to Lindscomb Branch 3.0 1-2 sand/silUmud
50 UT to Lindscomb Branch 3.0 1-3 sand/sIlUmud
51 [J'f to Lindscomb Branch 4.0 4 graveUsand/silUmud
51.5 UT to Lindscomb Branch 4.0 4 sand/silUmud
52 UT to Hall Branch 5.0 1-2 sand/silUmud
53 UT to Hall Branch 6.0 1-2 sand/silUmud
53.5 UT to Hall Branch 8.0 2-3 sand/silUmud
54 Hall Branch 15.0 2-3 sand/silUmud
54.5 UT to Hall Branch 7.0 0.5-6 sand/silUmud
55 L1T to Turner Branch 4.0 4 sand/sildmud
55.5 ' iJT to Tumer Branch 6 4 sand/silUmud
56 UT to Weymans Creek 2.0 1-3 sand/silUmud
NOTE: Weytnan Creek exhibits swamp-like chazacteristics in the azea surrounding the existing
NC 87/NC 11 intersection. Streams SA & SB were identified during the 2010 NRTR addendum.
Ponds
There aze thirty-six man-made lakes or ponds within the project study azea. Several of
these ponds have jurisdictional connections to Waters of the Unites States, which are
described in the following section. Ponds within the study area aze shown in Figure 6.
Wetlands
The field assessment of the project study area identified 153 wetland systems. The
locations of these wetlands aze shown in Figure 6. Table 7 lists information about the
jurisdictional wetlands within the project study area.

R-2561, July 201 I, Merger Application
Page 14 of 28
Table 7
Jurisdictional Characteristics of Wetlands in the Project Area
Wetland
ID Cowardin
Classification Association Wetland Type Wetland
Rating
Score
Al PFO2Hb Riverine Swamp Forest -Beaver 68
A2 PSS1A Riverine Freshwater Marsh 62
B PFOlA Non-Riverine Hillside Seepage 28
C PFO2A Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 19
D PEM1A Non-Riverine FreshwaterMazsh 50
E N/A Non-Riverine Lineaz Wetland S0
F PSS1Ud Non-Riverine Headwa[erDepression ~ 25
G PSS1C Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 25
H PFO4A Non-Riverine Wefland Flat/Swamp Forest 41
I PFO4A Non-Rivetine Headwater Depression 18
J PSS1C Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 11
K PFO4A Non-Rivetine Headwater Depression 28
L PFO4A Non-Rivetine Wetland Flat 25
M- PFO4B Non-Riverine Hillside Seepage 32
N PFO3B Non-Riverine Hillside Seepage 29
O PFOI/4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 26
P PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 20
Q-1 N/A Non-Riverine Lineaz Wetland 27
Q-2 PEMIH Riverine Ephemeral Wetland 27
R PFOl/4Hh Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 41
S ~ PFOI/4Ah Non-Riverine Headwa[erDepression 22
T PFO4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 36
U PFOl/4B Non- Riverine Hillside Seepage 40
V PFO6F Riverine Swamp Forest -Cypress/Gum 82
W PFO4C Riverine Swamp Forest 24
X PFOI/4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 33
Y PFO1/4F Non-Riverine Swamp Forest 42
Z PFO1/4F Non-Riverine Swamp Forest 47
AB PFOlA Riverine Bottomland Hazdwood Forest 65
AC PFO1/4F Riverine Swamp Forest 37
AD PFOl/4F Riverine Swamp Forest 68
AE PFO1/4F Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 57
AF PFOlA Riverine Bottomland Hazdwood Forest 69
AG PFO1/4F Non-Riverine Swamp Forest 31
AH N/A Non-Riverine Linear Wetland 27
AJ PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 41
AK PSS1A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 30
AL PFO1/4F Non-Riverine " Headwater Depression 38
AM PSS1A Non-Riverine Ephemeral Wetland 32
AN PFOlA Riverine Bottomland Hazdwood Forest 79
AO PFOI/4B Non-Riverine Hillside Seepage 24
AP PSS4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 38
AQ PFOlA Riverine Bottomland Hazdwood Forest-~ 45

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 15 of 28
Wetland
ID Cowardin
Classification Association Wetland Type Wetland
Rafing
Score
AR PFOI/4B Non-Riverine Hillside Seepage 30
AS PFOl/4B Non-Riverine Old Pond -Drained 16
AT PSS4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 21
AU PSS4A Non-Riverine Wetland Fla[ 21
AV PFOI/4B Non-Riverine Old Pond -Drained 18
BG PFO4A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 16
BH PFO4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 19
BI-I PFOIA Riverine BottomlandHazdwoodForest 24
BI-2 PFOIA Riverine ~BottomlandHardwoodForest 57
BJ PSS1/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 56
BK PSS1/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 24
BL N/A Non-Riverine Linear Wetland 28
BM PFOI/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 48/37
BN PFOI/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 52
BO PFOI/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 63
BQ PFOlA Riverine Bottomland Hardwood Forest 55
BR-1 PFOI/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 20
BR-2 PFOIA Riverine Bottomland Hardwood Forest 42
BS PFOI/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 49
BT PFOI/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 49
BU PFOI/4A Non-Riverine Swamp Forest 18
BV PSS]/4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 21
BW PSSI/4A Non-Riverine Old Pond -Drained 16
BX PSS1/4A Non-Riverine. Headwater Depression 16
BY PSS1/4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 29
BZ PSS1/4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 16
CA PSS1/4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 25
CB N/A Non-Riverine Linear Wetland 16
CC PFOI/4A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 34
CD N/A Non-Riverine Linear Wetland 28
CF PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Swamp Forest 34
CG PAB3H Riverine ~ ~ Swamp Forest 83
CH PAB3H Riverine Swamp Forest 89
CI PSS1A Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 17
CJ undetermined Non-Riverine undetermined 17
CK PFO1/4A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 21
CL PFOIA Riverine Bottomland Hardwood Forest 45
CM N/A Non-Riverine Linear Wetland 16
CN PFOI/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 22
CO PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 17
CP-1 PFOI/4A Non-Riverine - Headwater Forest 31
- CP-2 PFO1/4A Non-Riverine Headwater Fores[ 17
CP-3 PFO1/4A Non-Riverine Swamp Forest 63
CP-3• undetermined Riverine HeadwaterForesUNon-tidal
Freshwater Marsh 63
CQ PFO6F Riverine Swamp Forest -Cypress/Gum 82

R-2561, July 2011_, Merger Application
Page 16 of 28
Wetland
ID Cowardin
Classification Association Wetland Type

~ Wetland
hating
Score
CQ* PFO6F Riverine Riverine Swamp Forest 82
CR PFOl/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 37
CT PFOl/4A Riverine Swamp Forest NR
CU PSS4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 16
CV PFOl/4A Riverine . Swamp Forest 64
CW-1 PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Swamp Forest 34
CW-2 N/A Non-Riverine Lineaz Wetland 28
CX -PSS4A~ Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 16
CY PSS4A Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 16
CZ PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 17
DA PFO3A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 16
DB PF04A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 25
DC PFOl/4A Non-Riveiine Swamp Forest 25
DD PF04A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 25
DE PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 25
DF N/A Non-Riverine Lineaz Wetland 28
DG PSSl/4A Non-Riverine Swamp Forest 18
DH PFO6F Riverine Swamp Forest - Cypress/Gum 65
DI PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Swamp Forest 30
DJ PFO6F Riverine Swamp Forest - Cypress/Gum 68
DK PFO6F Riverine ,Swamp Forest - Cypress/Gtun 87
DL PFO6F Riverine Swamp Forest - Cypress/Gum 87
DM PFO6F Riverine Swamp Forest - Cypress/Gum 83
DN PFOIA Riverine Bottoniland Hazdwood Forest 44
DO PFO6F Riverine Swamp Forest - Cypress/Gum 83
DP PFO6F Riverine Swamp Forest - Cypress/Gum - 67
DQ PEM1A Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 27
DR PFO1/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 40
DR PFOI/4A Riverine Riverine Swamp ForesU
Non-Tidal Freshwater Mazsh 40
DS-1 PFOI/4A Riverine Swamp Forest ~ 40
DS-2 PSS1A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 45
DS-3 PSS1A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat NR
DT PFOI/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 28
DU PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Swamp Forest 16
DV-1 PFO6F Riverine Swamp Forest-Cypress/Gum 62
DV-2 N/A Non-Riverine Lineaz Wetland 44
DV-3 PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 11
DV-4 PSS1A Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 78
DV-5 PSS1A Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 25
DV-6 PFO1/4A Riverine Headwater Forest 60
DW-1 PFOl/4A Riverine Ephemeral Wetland 59
DW-2 PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Headwater Depression 19
DX PFOI/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 70
DY PFOl/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 70
DZ PFOlA Riverine Bottomland Hazdwood Forest 63

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 17 of 28
Wetland
ID Cowardin
Classification Association Wetland Type Wetland
Rating
Score
EA PFO1/4A Riverine Swamp Forest 63
EB N/A Riverine Linear Wetland 84
EC-1 PFOIA Riverine BottomlandHazdwoodFores[ 84
EC-2 PFOIA Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 29
EC-3 PFOIA Non-Riverine Ephemeral Wetland 20
ED PFOl/4A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 21
EE PFO4A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 35/39
EF PFO4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 31
EG PFO4A Non-Riverine Wetland Fla[ 11
EH-1 PFO4A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 19
EH-2 PSS1A Non-Riverine Wetland Flat 16
EH-3 N/A Non-Riverine ~ Lineaz Wetland 10
EI-1 PFO4A ~ Non-Riverine HeadwaterFores[ 62
EI-2 N/A Non-Riverine Lineaz Wetland 16
EJ PFO6F Riverine Swamp Forest -Cypress/Gum 75
EK PFO4A Non-Riverine Ephemeral Wetland 23
EL PFO4A Non-Riverine Headwater Forest 35
WA undetermined Riverine Headwater Forest 47
WB undetermined Riverine Headwater Forest 41
WC undetermined Riverine Bottomland Hazdwood Forest 20
WD undetermined Riverine Riverine Swamp Forest 49
*These wetlands were identified during the 2010 NRTR addendum.

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page l8 of 28
SUMMARY OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS
Tables 8 and 9 present estimated impacts to surface waters of the detailed study
alternatives.
Table 8
Project Effects on Streams
SECTIONS HIGHWAY SECTION
LENGTH
cMn STREAMS
(LINEAR FT)
SECTIONS COMMON TO BOTHBUILD ALTERNATIVES
1-6 East NC 87 10.97 1,923
7 East NC 87 1.18 840
West NC 87 1.18 355
8-10 East NC 87 3.53 1,172
11 East NC 87 1.34 844
West NC 87 1.34 463
12-13 East NC 87 5.11 1,465
14 West NC 87 1.46 .166
SECTIONS SPECIFIC TO ALTERNATIVE A
15 East NC 87 1.18 875
16-17 East NC 87 3.82 361
18 West NC 87 2.14 2,035
Impact Range for Alternative A (Low/High) 8,400/9,270
SECTIONS COMMON TO ALTERNATIVE B
19-22 East ~ NC 11 4.78 2,721
Impact Range for Alternative B(Low/High) 7,850/8,720
NOTES: Sections 15 and 19 include the proposed interchange at NC 87 and NC 11. Sections 18 and 22
include interchanges at US 74-76. Floodplain impacts are based on proposed constmction limits plus an
extended 25-foot boundary to account for mechanized clearing.

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 19 of 28
Table 9
Project Effects on Wetlands
SECTIONS HIGHWAY SECTION
LENGTH
(n'In WETLANDS
(AC)
SECTIONS COMMON TO BOTH B UILD ALTERNATIVES
1-6 East NC 87 10.97 15.66
7 East NC 87 1.18 4.83
West NC 87 1.18 2.35
8-10 East NC 87 3.53 2.93
11 East NC 87 1.34 1.23
West NC 87 1.34 0.36
12-13 East NC 87 5.11 3.28
14 West, NC 87 1.46 2.47
SECTIONS SPECIFIC TO ALTERNATIVE A
15 East NC 87 1.18 3.01
16-17 East NC 87 3.82 1.00
18 West NC 87 2.14 7.86
Im act Range forAlternative A (Low/High) 37.4/40.8
SECTIONS COMMON TO ALTERNATIVE B
19-22 East NC 11 4.78 7.00
Impact Range for Alternative B (Low/High) 36.4/39.7
NOTES: Sections 15 and 19 include the proposed interchange at NC 87 and NC I1. Sections 18 and 22
include interchanges at US 74-76. ~ Floodplain impacts aze based on proposed construction limits plus an
extended 25-foot boundary to account for mechanized clearing.

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 20 of 28
WETLAND AND STREAM MITIGATION
Avoidance and Minimization of Impacts
During the development of detailed study alternatives, efforts were made to avoid stream
and wetland impacts to the extent possible. Due to the amount of streams and wetlands
adjacent to or crossed by the existing facility, total avoidance of surface waters and
wetlands by this project is not feasible. Impacts to streams and wetlands will be
considered in the selection of the preferred alternative for the project and additional
minimization measures will be evaluated as the project progresses.
Compensatory Mitigation of Impacts
The NCDOT will investigate potential on-site stream and wetland mitigation
opportunities once a final decision has been rendered on the location of the preferred
alternative. If on-site mitigation is not feasible, mitigation will be provided by North
Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (EEP). The final determination regazding any mitigation requirements rests
with the USACE and the NC Division of Water Quality.
BUFFER AREAS/IMPAIRED WATERS
Bladen County requires a minimum 30-foot vegetative buffer for all development along
all perennial waters. In the case of road crossings, buffer encroachment is considered an
exception where no practical alternative exists. Widening existing NC 87 would
encroach on perennial stream buffers; however, widening is the only practical alternative.
NCDOT will comply with Bladen County buffer regulations, including the utilization of
stolmwater best management practices. Waters in the project study azea aze not subject
to any NC Division of Water Quality riparian buffer rules. There aze no impaired waters
listed under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act.
FLOODPLAINS
The floodplain azeas in the vicinity of the stream crossings aze rural. All of the
alternatives will cross floodplains. Table 10 on the next page shows anticipated
floodplain impacts for each widening scenario being carried forwazd for detailed study.
The proposed project will not affect any FEMA buy-out properties.

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 21 of 28
Table 10
Anticipated Floodplain Impacts of Detailed Study Alternatives
SECTIONS HIGHWAY SECTION
LENGTH
(MI) FLOODPLAINS
(AC)
SECTIONS COMMONTO BOTHBUILD ALTERNATIVES
1-6 East NC 87 10.97 12.7
7 East NC 87 1.18 1.5
West NC 87 1.18 0.9
8-10 East NC 87 3.53 9.3
11 East NC 87 1.34 2.9
West NC 87 1.34 0.0
12-13 East NC 87 5.11 0.0
14 West NC 87 1.46 0.0
SECTIONS SPECIFIC TO ALTERNATIVE A
15 East NC 87 1.18 0.2
16-17 East NC 87 3.82 0.0
18 West NC 87 2.14 20.5
Im act Range for Alternative A(Low/High) 43.6/47.1
SECTIONS COMMON TO ALTERNATIVE B
19-22 East NC 11 4.78 0.7
Impact Range for Alternative B (Low/High) 23.7/27.1
NOTES: Sections 15 and 19 include the proposed interchange at NC 87 and NC 11. Sections 18 and 22
include interchanges at US 74-76. Floodplain impacts are based on proposed constmction limits.
The NCDOT Hydraulics Unit will coordinate with the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) to determine if a Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) and a
subsequent final Letter of Map Revision (CONK) are required for the project. If
required, the Division Resident Engineer will submit sealed as-built construction plans to
the Hydraulics Unit upon project completion certifying the project was built as showri on
construction plans. NCDOT will coordinate with FEMA and local authorities in the final
design stage of the project to ensure compliance with applicable floodplain management
ordinances.
RARE AND PROTECTED SPECIES
Federally-Protected Species
As of May 26, 2011, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists ten
federally-protected species for Bladen and Columbus Counties. Biological conclusions
for federally-protected species are shown in Table 11 on the next page.

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 22 of 28
Table 11
Federally-Protected Species in the Project Area
Scientific Name Common Name Connty' Federal
Status Biological
Conclusion
Alligator mississippiensis American alligator B/C T (S/A) N/A
Picoides borealis Red-cockaded woodpecker B/C E No Effect
Schwalbea americana American chaffseed B E No Effect
Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose sturgeon B/C E No Effect
Lindera melissafolia Pondbeiry B E No Effect
Lysimachia asperulaejolia Rough-leaved loosestrife B/C E No Effect
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle B/C N/A N/A
Mycteria americana Wood stork C E No Effect
Menidia extensa Waccamaw silverside C T No Effect
Thalictrum cooleyi Cooley's meadowrue C E No Effect
• ' C -Columbus County, B - Bladen County
• z N/A=not applicable. T'he bald eagle was removed from the federal list of Tlueatened and Endangered
species on August 8, 2007. A Biological Conclusion is no[ required under Endangered Species Act
Section 7 provisions.
• "T (S/A)" denotes Threatened due to similarity of appearance (a species that is threatened due to
similarity of appearance with another listed species and is listed For its protection).
• "E" denotes Endangered (a species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion
of its range).
The American alligator is listed as Threatened Due to Similarity of Appearance, and is
therefore not protected under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. No survey is
required for this species.
Foraging habitat for post-breeding wood stork does exist within the Columbus County
section of the project study area. Surveys for foraging individuals or colohies of wood
stork were conducted on September 17, 2007 by searching all areas of suitable habitat
within the project study area. The survey resulted in no findings of word stork.
Furthermore, a majority of the areas where wood stork would be found Were visited in
late June 2007 during surveys for Cooley's meadowrue, and none were observed.
Therefore, it can be concluded that this project will have "no effect" on the wood stork.
Suitable habitat for nesting and/or foraging of RCW occurs at four sites within the project
study azea, and suitable foraging habitat occurs at two locations within the project study
area. Based on NHP element occurrence data, RCW are not documented to occur within
three miles of the project study azea. Systematic surveys completed May 23-25 and June
26-28, 2007 resulted in no cavity sightings. Surveys for suitable nest cavity sites outside
of the project study azea (within 0.5 miles) were conducted between July 12 and October
5, 2007 and resulted in no cavity sightings. Therefore, it can be concluded that this
project will have "no effect" on the red-cockaded woodpecker.
Suitable habitat does occur within the project study area and there aze four records for
shortnose sturgeon in the Cape Feaz River in 1993 in the Riegelwood vicinity.
Livingston Creek is 80 feet wide at the crossing within the project study area and
therefore maybe suitable for spawning runs. Weyman Creek is also fairly wide and may

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 23 of 28
provide suitable spawning habitat at the NC 87 crossing, located approximately 3.5 miles
north of Riegelwood. It is not expected that shortnose sturgeon can pass through Lock
and Dam No. 1 on the Cape Fear, and therefore the river and its tributaries upstream of
that point have not been considered as suitable habitat. Correspondence from the NC
Division of Marine Fisheries, dated April 16, 2009, states that the shortnose sturgeon
would not be found in Livingston and Weyman Creeks as faz upstream as the NC 87
crossing. It is concluded that this project will have "no effect" on the shortnose sturgeon.
Suitable habitat for American chaffseed does occur in one location within the project
study azea, and a historical record exists 2.5 miles southwest of the project study area.
Surveys for the species were conducted on May 23-25, 2007. No American chaffseed
was found. Therefore this project will have "no effect" on the American chaffseed.
There are four specific locations within the Columbus County section of the project study
azea that provide suitable habitat for Cooley's meadowrue. Surveys were conducted June
26-28, 2007. No Cooley's meadowrue was found. Therefore, this project will have "no
effect" on Cooley's meadownxe.
There are numerous azeas with suitable habitat for pondberry within the Bladen County
section of the project study azea. Systematic surveys for the species were conducted
June 5-8 and June 26-28, 2007. No pondberry was found. Therefore, this project will
have "no effect" on pondberry.
No suitable habitat for Waccamaw silverside exists in the project area. The project study
azea is located entirely within the Cape Feaz River Basin, while the Waccamaw silverside
is an endemic species restricted to Lake Waccamaw and the Waccamaw River within the
Lumber River Basin. Therefore, this project will have "no effect" on the Waccamaw
silverside.
The bald eagle was declared recovered, and removed (de-listed) from the USFWS
Federal List of Threatened and Endangered Species effective August 8, 2007. The bald
eagle remains federally-protected under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and
the Migratory Bird Species Act.
It was determined that potential nesting and foraging habitat for bald eagle occurs along
sections of the Cape Feaz River within 1.5 miles of the project study area. A nest survey
was conducted in February 2007; no nests were found within 1.5 miles of the project
study azea. ht addition, the adjacent forests were searched for nests in Apri12007 and no
nests were found. Therefore, it can be concluded that this project will not adversely
affect the bald eagle.
Federal Species of Concern
Forty-nine Federal Species of Concern (FSCj are listed for Bladen and Columbus
Counties. There aze four plants and one animal FSC species documented to occur within
orie mile of the project study area based on NHP element occurrence data. The species
documented aze the spring-flowering goldenrod, sandhills milkvetch, savanna indigo-
bush, venus flytrap, and southern hognose snake. The first three listed aze within the
project study azea. The hognose record is in the central azea of the corridor and is

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 24 of 28
historic, the indigo (destroyed) and goldenrod (historic) records are along the easternmost
section of US 74-76. During the field investigation a new population of sandhills milk-
vetch (FSC, State Threatened) was discovered within the Bladen County section of the
project study area, and shell material of the Eastern Creekshell (NC Significantly Rare)
was found within the Bladen County section of the project study azea along the shore of
Carvers Creek.
CULTURAL RESOURCES
The proposed project is subject to North Carolina General Statute 121-12(a), and Section
106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended.
Historic Architectural Resources
The USACE requested that NCDOT investigate the entire length of the project and
submit the results to the USACE and State Historic Preservation Office (HPO). NCDOT
surveys of the project study azea and individual evaluations of the structures were
undertaken in 2009 and 2010. It was determined that the project study azea contains two
properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and eight properties
eligible for listing on the NRHP. These properties aze shown on Figure 7. The HPO
concurred with these findings on December 20, 2010.
The potential effect of the proposed project on historic azchitectural resources will be
evaluated in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The
USACE, in coordination with North Carolina HPO, will review the preliminary design of
this project in relation to the location of each historic azchitectural property. Based upon
this review, the USACE will determine the Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the project
and the project effects on each listed property. Once these effects aze determined, they
will be described in the final environmental document for this project.
Properties Listed on the National Register
It is anticipated no right of way or easements will be required from the Mount Horeb
Presbyterian Church and Cemetery. NC 87 will be widened to the east in this section and
the preliminary design for the project does not encroach on the property.
The.Carver's Creek Methodist Church is located on the west side of NC 87 and the
widening is proposed on the east side along this segment of the project. The preliminary
alignment has been set so that the construction will not impact the property. However,
there is a pipe under NC 87 at the northeast corner of this property. When the project is
constructed there will most likely be temporary construction impacts at the end of the
pipe which will be within the historic boundary. Other than temporary construction
impacts at the northeast comer, no other direct impacts to the property are anticipated.
Properties Eligible for the National Register
The McDonald-Russ House is located on the east side of NC 87. Although NC 87 is
being widened predominately to the east in this section of the project, the proposed

R-2561, July 201 I, Merger Application
Page 25 of 28
widening has been shifted to the west in the immediate vicinity of this property. This
alignment shift avoids impacting the McDonald-Russ House and causes no net increases
in impacts to other environmental concerns. It is anticipated no right of way or
easements would be required from this property.
The Carvers Creek AME Zion Church is located east of NC 87, approximately 1,200 feet
from NC 87 at the end of SR 1731 (Carvers Creek Church Road). The National Register
eligible boundaries include SR 1731 from the existing right of way for NC 87 to the
church property. NC 87 will be widened to the east in this azea, and the SR 1731
intersection with NC 87 will be improved with the project. This construction will occur
within the portion of the eligible boundaries within existing right of way for SR 1731.
No right of way or easements will be required from church-owned property.
The Love House, located on the west side of NC 87, is currently unoccupied and heavily
overgrown. NC 87 will be widened to the west side in this area. The proposed widening
will require the removal of the house. Widening on the east side through this section was
considered but eliminated from consideration because widening to the east would result
in an additional four residential relocations and an additional 1201ineaz feet of stream
impacts.
The former Weyman Methodist Church is located just southeast of the proposed NC 87/
NC 11 interchange.' Right of way will be acquired from the northwest corner of the
property, but the church building itself will not be directly impacted. The main property
is set back from NC 87 and accessed by a long driveway. Widening along NC 87 will
require re-construction of the driveway entrance.
The Wesley United Methodist Church is located on the east side of NC 87. The
preliminary alignment through this section impacts both sides of NC 87. Right of way
will be acquired from this property, but the alignment does not require the removal of the
church building. However, the property will be altered by ditch reshaping and slope
work.
It is anticipated no right of way or easements will be required from the properties for
Spring Hill, Christ the King Catholic Church, and Acme Presbyterian Church. The
Spring Hill property lies approximately 2,100 feet west of NC 87 on SR 1726 (Lloyd
Road). NC 87 will be widened to the east in the section containing the remaining two
properties.
Archeological Resources
An intensive archaeological survey will be initiated within high probability areas after the
preferred alternative (Concurrence Point 3) is selected. The USACE and HPO will
coordinate regarding the effects of the project on any archaeological resources that are
recommended eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. The final
environmental document for this project will discuss the effects of the project on
azchaeological resources.

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 26 of 28
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Twenty-four possible UST facilities, six automotive repair facilities, one UST recycling
facility, one metal fabrication facility, and one automobile junkyazd were identified
within the proposed project corridor. Potential project effects on these properties are
presented in Table 12 below and on the next page.
Soil and groundwater assessments will be performed on any potentially contaminated
properties from which right of way will be required. This assessment will be performed
after the selection of the preferred alternative and prior to right of way acquisition.
Table 12
Project Effects on Potentially Contaminated Properties
Section Site Type UST Facility Anticipated Impacts Anticipated
No. ID Severity
18 I UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST system.
18 2 Machine Shop N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST system
18 3 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST system
18 - 4 UST 0-Ol 1388 Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from former UST
s stem
18 5 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from former UST.
17 6 UST 0-011688 Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST system
17 7 UST 0-002328 Petroleum contaminated Low
'soils from Former UST
s tem
17 8 UST N/A Petroleum wntaminated Low
- soils from UST s stem
17 9 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST system '
17 10 Auto Junk N/A Oil, batteries, antifreeze, Low
Yazd tires, etc.
17 ] 1 Auto Repair N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
Garage soils from auto repair
business
16 12 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
' soils from former UST
s stem
16 13 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST s stem
22 14 Auto Repair N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
Gazage soils from auto repair
business and in-ground
h dmulic lift.

R-2561, July 201 I, Merger Application
Page 27 of 28
Section Site Type UST Facility Anticipated Impacts Anticipated
No. ID Severity
22 15 Machine Shop N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from former UST
system
21 16 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST 5 stem
21 17 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST system
20 18 Truck Repair N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
Garage ~ soils from truck repair
business
14 19 UST 0-012155 Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from former UST
s stem
l4 20 UST 0-012154 Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from former UST
stem
14 21 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST s stem
13 22 ~ UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST s stem
13 23 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST s stem
12 24 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST system
1l 25 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST system
4 26 UST 0-023743 Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from former UST
s stem
4 27 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST s stem
2 28 Industrial N/A Petroleum contaminated ~ Low
soils from UST tank
rec clin
2 29 UST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST system
2 30 UST N/A ~ Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from UST system
1 31 AST N/A Petroleum contaminated Low
soils from waste oil AST.
There is the possibility unregulated USTs, such as farm tanks or home heating oil tanks,
may exist in the proposed right of way. Any unregulated tanks will be identified during
right of way acquisition.

R-2561, July 2011, Merger Application
Page 28 of 28
LOGICAL TERMINI/INDEPENDENT UTILITY
The proposed project has logical termini and independent utility. The project involves
widening atwo-lane road into afour-lane divided facility. The project limits aze limited
to the work necessary to widen the road and for all approach work to tie back into
existing roadways. The proposed project will not restrict consideration of alternatives for
other reasonably foreseeable transportation improvements in the area. This project would
be a reasonable expenditure of capital even if no additional transportation improvements
in the area were made.
WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS
No federally or state designated Wild and Scenic Rivers occur within the project study
azea. Therefore, the project will not impact any Designated Wild and Scenic Rivers or
any rivers included in the list of study rivers (Public Law 90-542, as amended).

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