20110682 Ver 1_Shoreline Stabilization_20110721

CTIA 201 10682
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
Beverly Eaves Perdue James H. Gregson Dee Freeman
Governor Director Secretary
July 19, 2011
MEMORANDUM
TO: Cyndi Karoly
Environmental Biological Supervisor
Division of Water Quality
FROM:
SUBJECT
Doug Huggett
Major Permits Processing Coordinator
CAMA/DREDGE & FILL Permit Application Review
a
Applicant: NC Division of Parks & Recreation & US Fish & Wildlife Service
Project Location: Canals that lead to ICWW adj. Dismal Swamp State Park, Camden Co.
Proposed Project: Construct 2 weirs to manage water levels in the canals
Please indicate below your agency's position or viewpoint on the proposed project and return
this form by 08/09/11 to 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, NC 28557. If you have
any questions regarding the proposed project, please contact Kelly Russell at [phone].
When appropriate, in-depth comments with supporting data are requested.
REPLY: This agency has no objection to the project as proposed.
This agency has no comment on the proposed project.
This agency approves of the project only if the recommended changes
are incorporated. See attached.
This agency objects to the project for reasons described in the attached
comments.
SIGNED DATE
1367 US 17 South, Elizabeth City, NC 27909
Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone] ; Internet: www,nccoastalmanagement.net
An Equal Opportunity 1 Affirmative Action Employer
JUL 2 1 2011
I
No hCarolina
Natiarally

1
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
FIELD INVESTIGATION REPORT
1. APPLICANT'S NAME: NCDENR, Division of Parks and Recreation
2. LOCATION OF PROJECT SITE: Dismal Swamp State Park
Photo Index - 2006: n/a 2000: n/a 1995: n/a 1989: n/a
State Plane Coordinates - X: 2776737 Y: 997478
3. INVESTIGATION TYPE: CAMA
4. INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURE: Dates of Site Visit - 2/26/2010
Was Applicant Present - yes
5. PROCESSING PROCEDURE: Application Received Complete - 7/11/11
Office - Elizabeth City
6. SITE DESCRIPTION:
(A) Local Land Use Plan - Camden County
Land Classification From LUP - conservation
(B) AEC(s) Involved: PTA, PTS
(C) Water Dependent: yes
(D) Intended Use: private
(E) Wastewater Treatment: Existing - none
Planned -none
(F) Type of Structures: Existing - visitors center
Planned - weirs to manage water levels
(G) Estimated Annual Rate of Erosion: none
Source - applicant
7. HABITAT DESCRIPTION: [AREA]
DREDGED FILLED TemDorarv
(A) Public Trust Shoreline 286 sq. ft.
(B) Public Trust Area 3665 sq. ft. 1836 sq. ft.
fill
(C) Uplands 5000 sq. ft.
(D) Total Area Disturbed: 10,787 sq. ft. (0.24 acres)
(E) Primary Nursery Area: no
(F) Water Classification: WS-IVSW Open: no
8. PROJECT SUMMARY: The applicant proposes to construct 2 weirs to manage water
levels in canals that lead to the Inter Coastal Waterway.
Field Investigation Report
Page 2
Proiect Setting
The project sites are located within the Dismal Swamp State Park that is located off of US
Hwy 17 N in South Mills, Camden County and adjacent to the Inter Coastal Waterway
(ICWW). There are several named navigable canals and ditches throughout the State Park
that drain the swamp area and lead to the ICWW. The exact location of the proposed
projects are deep within the State Park only accessible by logging paths and adjacent to
one of these ditches, the South Martha Washington Ditch. There are 126,352 ft. of
shoreline within the State Park and the Park is comprised of 623,169,360 sq. ft. of swamp
and high ground area. The elevations of the tract range from 3-8 ft. above normal water
level (NWL). Manmade features on the tract include several manmade ditches and canals,
logging paths, a non functional weir located adjacent to one of the proposed weirs, and a
welcome center. There are 324 known species of plants on this tract ranging from Atlantic
white cedars, pocosins, gallberry, and inkberry, to red maple, loblolly and pond pine, and
black willows and sweet pepperbush. There are several areas of archaeological
significance associated with the Dismal Swamp State Park however the construction of the
weirs has received clearance from the State Historic Preservation Office.
The shorelines within the project areas are steep unstabilized shorelines adjacent to
highground areas. The ICWW is classified as WS-IVSW as is the South Martha
Washington Ditch and is closed to shellfish harvesting. Water depths in the ditch are
approximately 1-2 ft.
Development Proposal
The applicant is working in conjunction with the US Fish and Wildlife Service to restore the
hydrology to the Great Dismal Swamp. Historically the swamp was much wetter and the
development of the roads and ditches to aid logging operations have drastically changed
the environmental conditions of the swamp and threaten the great diversity of plants and
animals in the swamp. The applicant is proposing to construct two permanent weirs that
would allow the applicant to manipulate the water levels in the ditch to aid in hydrology
restoration and aid in possible fire suppression within the swamp.
Both weirs will be constructed of sheetpiling, metal stoplogs, a 42" diameter canal gate, and
a catwalk along the top weirs. Weir #1 will be 94 ft. wide and Weir #2 will be 80 ft. wide. In
order to construct the weirs temporary coffer dams will be constructed and temporary
bypass channels around the dams. Approximately 1,624 cu. yd. will be excavated below
NWL to construct the coffer dams and bypass channels. Some of the excavated materials
will be temporarily used as backfill for the coffer dam. The remaining material will be
temporarily stockpiled on site in a high ground area 100 ft. by 50 ft., at least 30 ft. from
NWL , and enclosed within silt fencing. If the excavated material is suitable it will be used
to grade and maintain the access road, if the material is not suitable it will be hauled off site
for disposal. Also, approximately 310 cu. yd. of rip rap will be installed to prevent erosion in
the ditch immediately down gradient of the weirs. A total of 0.09 acres of wetlands will be
impacted as a result of the permanent rip rap installation and 0.08 acres will be impacted by
the temporary coffer dams and associated activities. All of the wetland impacts will be
within the ditch/waterbody. The applicant will also construct a small fenced in storage area
Field Investigation Report
Page 3
adjacent to Weir #1 to store necessary equipment. There will be no structures or impervious
surfaces associate with the storage area.
Anticipated Impacts
The proposed project will fill 3,665 sq. ft. of Public Trust Area Areas of Environmental
Concern (AEC), 286 sq. ft. of Public Trust Shoreline AEC, and 5,000 sq. ft. of upland area.
There will also be 1836 sq. ft. of temporary impacts to Public Trust Area AEC. The purpose
of the proposed project is to manipulate water levels in the State Park, impacting 30.5 acres
of vegetated and unvegetated wetlands once the weirs are installed.
Submitted by: Kelly Russell
Date: July 18, 2011
MAJOR PERMIT FEE MATRIX
Applicant: NC DIV. OF PARKS & RECREATION; US FISH & WILDLIFE
Selection Development Type Fee DCM % DWQ %
(14300 1601435100093 1625 6253) (24300 1602 435100095 2341)
1. Private, non-commercial
development that does not $250 100%($250) 0%($0)
involve the filling or
excavation of any wetlands
or open water areas:
II. Public or commercial
development that does not $400 100%($400) 0%($0)
involve the filling or
excavation of any wetlands
or open water areas:
III. For development that
involves the filling and/or
excavation of up to 1 acre
of wetlands and/or open
water areas, determine if A,
B, C, or D below applies:
III(A). Private, non-
commercial development, if $250 100%($250) 0%($0)
General Water Quality
Certification No. 3490 (See
attached can be applied:
III(B). Public or commercial
® development, if General $400 100%($400) 0%($0)
Water Quality Certification
No. 3490 (See attached)
can be applied:
III(C). If General Water
Quality Certification No. $400 60%($240) 40%($160)
3490 (see attached) could
be applied, but DCM staff
determined that additional
review and written DWQ
concurrence is needed
because of concerns
related to water quality or
aquatic life:
III(D). If General Water
Quality Certification No. $400 60%($240) 40%($160)
3490 (see attached) cannot
be a lied:
IV. For development that
involves the filling and/or $475 60%($285) 40%($190)
excavation of more than
one acre of wetlands and/or
open water areas:
Partners
for
Fish
and
Wildlife
June 6, 2011
RECEIVED
JUN -7 2",1111
COASTAL MANAGEMENT,
ELIZABETH CITY
To: Ms. Kelly Russell, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, Division of Coastal Management
From David Byr'd- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Partners for Fish and Wildlife
Program
Subject: Permit package for South Martha Washington Ditch Restoration Project
Enclosed is the permit information for a wetland restoration project we are coordinating with
and acting as a agent for North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Division of State Parks and Recreation (NCDENR - DSPR). Jessica Rhodes from our office
has contacted you and Steven Rynaf in the past in regard to this project, which was coordinated
last year at a pre-application meeting in April 14, 2010 at the NCDENR regional office. This
project is supported by both staff from Dismal Swamp State Park and the Great Dismal Swamp
National Wildlife Refuge, which will allow them restoration, enhanced management and fire
suppression opportunities not currently available as described below and in the permit package
The project is located on South Martha Washington Ditch in the Dismal Swamp State Park and
Involves the placement of two structures to retain water within this and adjoining ditches to (1)
restore hydrology as much as practicable within adjacent fully or partially drained wetlands to
allow restoration of rare communities such as Atlantic white cedar and high pocosin; (2)
Provide a source of water for fighting wildfires, which, if started in these dry peat soils, can
burn down deeply into the soils and burn for a great deal of time, as evidenced by recent fires in
Pocosin Lakes and Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, which have burned over 70,000
acres and threatened homes and infrastructure and (3) allows the possible safe use of prescribed
fire as a management tool where soils have been re-hydrated.
The project will not only assist the Dismal Swamp State Park staff in their management and
habitat restoration responsibilities but also staff from the adjacent Great Dismal Swamp
National Wildlife Refuge, which will also benefit from this work and who work closely with the
Dismal Swamp State Park staff in co-managing these shared resources.
If you have any questions regarding the information you received, please do not hesitate to give
me a call at [phone], extension 126 or e-mail me at david byrd c fws.gov.
Consistency Determination
for the
Department of Environment and Natural Resou
Washington Ditch Hydrology Restoration Proj
Dismal Swamp State Park
Camden County, North Carolina
1. Background
RECEIVED
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
The Great Dismal Swamp is the largest remaining swamp in the eastern United States.
Historically, the swamp was much wetter than it is currently. Agricultural, commercial,
and residential development has destroyed much of the swamp. Over 140 miles of roads
were constructed to provide access to the timber. These roads severely disrupted the
swamp's natural hydrology as the ditches, which were dug to provide soil for the road
beds, drained water from the swamp. The roads in some cases have blocked the flow of
water across the swamp's surface. The logging operations removed natural stands of
cypress and Atlantic white-cedar that were replaced by other forest types, particularly red
maple. Logging of the swamp proved to be a successful commercial activity, with
regular logging operations continuing as late as 1976. The entire swamp has been logged
at least once. As a result of human disturbance, the swamp has become drier and the
suppression of wildfires, which once cleared the land for seed germination, has created
environmental conditions that were less favorable to the survival of cypress and cedar
stands. As a result, plant and animal diversity has decreased.
Five major forest types and three non-forested types of plant communities comprise the
swamp vegetation. The forested types include pine, Atlantic white-cedar, maple-black
gum, tupelo-bald cypress, and sweet gum-oak poplar. The non-forested types include a
remnant marsh, a sphagnum bog, and an evergreen shrub community. Currently red
maple is the most abundant and widely distributed plant community, as it expands into
other communities due to the lingering effects of past forest cutting, extensive draining,
and the exclusion of forest fires. Tupelo-bald cypress and Atlantic white-cedar, formerly
predominant forest types in the swamp, today account for less than 20 percent of the total
cover. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program has identified three Registered
Natural Heritage Areas within the project boundaries. A 1,797 acre Atlantic white cedar
stand is located in the northwest quadrant of Corapeake and Western Boundary Ditches,
extending south across Kim Saunders Ditch and an approximately 282 acre high pocosin
(S4), located southeast of the junction of Kim Saunders and Western Boundary Ditch. In
addition, a 142.4 acre area bordering South Martha Washington Ditch from the
Virginia/North Carolina state line to approximately 0.9 mile south of Kim Saunders Ditch
has been designated a Fern Registered Heritage Area, primarily for logferns (Dryopteris
sp.). Three species of plants deserving special mention are the dwarf trillium, silky
camellia, and log fern. The dwarf trillium is located in the northwestern section of the
swamp and blooms briefly each year for a two-week period in March. Silky camellia is
found on the hardwood ridges. The log fern is more common in the Great Dismal
Swamp than anywhere else.
There is an abundance of migratory birds within the Great Dismal Swamp. Birding is
best during spring migration from April to June when the greatest diversity of species
(particularly warblers) occurs. Winter brings massive movements of blackbirds and
robins to the swamp. Two southern species, the Swainson's warbler and Wayne's warbler
(a race of the Black-throated Green warbler), are more common in the Great Dismal
Swamp than in other coastal locations. Black throated green warbler, a state rare species
and federal species of concern, has been identified near the western terminus of Kim
Saunders Ditch. Other birds of interest are the wood duck, barred owl, pileated
woodpecker, and prothonotary warbler.
Hessel's hairstreak, a state rare butterfly that is dependent on Atlantic white cedar, has
been identified from the state park in the project vicinity adjacent to Kim Saunders Ditch.
The swamp supports a variety of mammals including white-tailed deer, black bear,
bobcat, otter, bats, raccoon, mink, grey and red foxes, and grey squirrels. The formerly
federally listed Dismal Swamp southeastern shrew also inhabits the swamp.
The primary purpose of the Dismal Swamp state park resource management program is
to restore and maintain the natural biological diversity that existed prior to the human-
caused alterations. Essential to the swamp ecosystem are its water resources, native
vegetative communities, and varied wildlife species. Water is being conserved and
managed by placing water control structures in the ditches. Plant community diversity is
being restored and maintained through forest management activities which simulate the
ecological effects of natural, low intensity wildfires. Wildlife is managed by insuring the
presence of required habitats dependent upon disturbance, such as Atlantic white cedar
and pocosin wetlands.
2. Project
The primary purpose of the project is to manage water levels to assist with fire
suppression within the Great Dismal Swamp. In addition, the ability to manage the water
levels within the ditches will also be a useful tool during prescribed burns. The project
will aid in hydrology restoration to surrounding habitat within the Great Dismal Swamp
National Wildlife Refuge and Dismal Swamp State Park.
The Service proposes to install two ditch plugs on South Martha Washington Ditch south
of the junction between South Martha Washington and Corapeake ditches, one north of
Circle Ditch (Weir #1 set at an elevation of 11.21 feet- elevations in Dismal Swamp
Canal Datum) and one south of Circle Ditch (Weir #2 set at an elevation of 9.1 feet). The
weirs will be installed on land owned by the State of North Carolina. The funding for the
proposed project is from a North American Wetlands Conservation Act (NAWCA) grant
that the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) received. The Service provided the
project planning efforts, with design assistance from Ducks Unlimited. The Service will
oversee construction of the proposed project. Weir #1 will be managed by the Great
Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge and Weir #2 will be managed by the Dismal
Swamp State Park. The weirs will consist of metal stoplogs, a 42" diameter canal gate
for bottom draw-down, a catwalk, riprap for energy dissipation, necessary fencing, and a
lifting system for stoplog removal. Steel sheetpiling will be used for weir construction.
The sheetpiling will be installed using a vibratory head attached to an excavator.
The impacts to wetlands, both unvegetated and vegetated, are contained entirely within
the confines of South Martha Washington, Kim Saunders, Laurel, Myrtle Western
Boundary and Corapeake Ditches. These manmade drainage features were constructed
by Camp Manufacturing/Union Camp and other earlier logging companies to facilitate
drainage for logging operations within the Dismal Swamp. Impacts include the
excavation and placement of rip rap for scour protection at both structures totaling 3,665
square feet/0.08 acres of unvegetated and 286 square feet/0.007 acres of vegetated
wetlands. All work outside the ditch related to permanent structures will occur within the
confines of the berms created by dredged spoil placement and adjacent areas functionally
drained by the proximity to South Martha Washington Ditch. An additional 30.5 acres of
unvegetated and 2.89 acres of vegetated wetlands are anticipated to be temporarily
impacted when the water levels within the ditch are raised after construction. These
consist of the base and sides of the ditches and a narrow vegetated wetland fringe at the
normal water level. However, these impacts will be offset by a similar or greater increase
in unvegetated and vegetated wetland re-establishment once the water levels within the
ditches stabilize.
Outside of the limits of the ditches, no additional existing wetlands are proposed or
anticipated to be inundated. Due to the depth and width of the ditches with respect to the
Pungo, Bellhaven and Pungo-Bellhaven soil types, the areas immediately adjacent to the
ditches are effectively drained. The presence of berms of 2 to 5 feet or more in elevation
above the existing ground surface, resulting from deposition of ditch dredged material
adjacent to the ditches, also results in non jurisdictional areas adjacent to the ditches,
particularly along South Martha Washington and Corapeake Ditches and form their
namesake roads. However, as a result of this project, the elevation of the water table is
expected to allow re-saturation of the Pungo and Belhaven organic soils throughout these
adjacent areas (berms excluded), restoring wetland hydrology adjacent to the ditches and
enhancing the hydrology of large areas of partially drained forested wetland areas outside
the effectively drained areas though a flattening of the subsurface hydraulic gradient.
The structures are designed to ensure that increased inundation will not occur outside of
the boundaries of the ditches, where they currently exist and as noted in the previous
section, no additional wetlands outside of the confines of the ditch are proposed for
inundation. Dismal Swamp State Park and Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife
Refuge staff will be regularly monitoring the effect of the weirs and will adjust boards
within the structures to ensure that inundation is confined within the ditch boundaries.
Christopher Newport University's Center for Wetland Conservation will assist in that
monitoring.
The riprap to be installed down gradient of the water control structures has been
minimized to the maximum extent practicable. Ducks Unlimited completed an
engineering study to verify the amount of riprap required to stabilize the ditch down
gradient of the weir.
3. Camden County Land Use Plan (LUP) Review
The Camden County LUP states that part of the community vision is that "future
development will have as its foundation the preservation of Camden County's quality of
life, including its natural resources". The purpose of the proposed project is to improve
the natural resources and habitat within Camden County, fulfilling a stated goal of the
community vision.
The Dismal Swamp State Park is considered a natural resource fragile area in the LUP
because of the important habitat the area provides for rare species, including the federally
listed endangered red-cockaded woodpecker and significantly rare Hessel's hairstreak
and black-throated green warbler. The complex natural area category in Camden County
includes areas that sustain remnant species, pocosins, wooded swamps, and wildlife
habitats. The Dismal Swamp State Park fits into these overlapping categories. The
proposed project will not negatively impact rare species or complex natural areas.
The project area is categorized as Class III for the Environmental Composite Map, land
that has serious hazards and limitations. Land in this class will support very low intensity
uses, such as conservation an open space. This is in conjunction with the proposed
project.
The existing land use is recreational and is zoned as general use. The proposed project
fits into the current land use and zoning categories. The future land use category for the
project area is conservation. This land use class is designated to provide for effective
long-term management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas which include the
following categories: natural resource fragile areas, coastal wetlands, 404 wetlands,
estuarine shorelines, primary nursery areas, and estuarine and public trust waters. In
Section IV of the LUP, policy P.74 states that Camden County supports protection and
preservation of the Great Dismal Swamp which has both historic and environmental
significance. Policies P.74(B) - P.75(B) state that preservation of historic properties and
the Great Dismal Swamp is extremely important to county residents. Additionally, the
Great Dismal Swamp is a vast natural area, which provides a great deal of recreational
opportunities for both residents and visitors. The Great Dismal Swamp is becoming a
significant factor in economic development efforts through the use of eco-tourism.
Therefore, it is our assertion that the future land use of conservation supports the
proposed habitat restoration project within the Great Dismal Swamp and helps to achieve
conservation goals considered valuable to the resident of Camden County.
The Service concludes that the proposed project is consistent with the policies in the
Camden County 2004 LUP.
4. Areas of Environmental Concern
Work shall be performed within the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge and
North Carolina Dismal Swamp State Park in Camden County, North Carolina. Specific
work shall occur near the intersection of Corapeake Road and South Martha Washington
Ditch, and an area locally known as "Circle Ditch" adjacent to the Dismal Swamp Canal
and U.S. Highway 17.
In order to assess whether the project required a CAMA Major Development Permit it
was necessary to determine if the project impacted areas of environmental concern as
defined in the North Carolina Administrative Code 15A NCAC 07H. Although there are
numerous areas of environmental concern, the ones that are most applicable for this area
include coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, estuarine shorelines, public trust areas, and
outstanding water resources.
• Coastal Wetlands
The Administrative Code 15A NCAC 07H.0205 describes coastal wetlands as those
salt marshes or other marshes subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides,
including wind tides and includes some if not all of 10 designated species. Dave
Byrd, of the Service completed a wetland delineation of the site in May 2011. The
area to be impacted does not contain any of the plants listed as marsh plant species in
15A NACA 07H.0205. Further, the area to be impacted is not subject to regular or
occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides. We do not feel that the area is
subject to coastal wetland areas of environmental concern.
• Estuarine Waters
Estuarine waters are defined in 15A NCAC 07H.0206 to include all of the waters of
the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North Carolina and all of the waters of the
bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries thereto seaward of the dividing line between
coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters. The proposed project includes only
areas classified as inland waters and will not impact any estuarine waters; therefore,
we assert that the project will not result in impacts to estuarine waters.
• Coastal Shorelines
Coastal shorelines are defined in 15A NCAC 07H .0209 to include estuarine and
public trust shorelines. Public trust shorelines are those non-ocean shorelines
immediately contiguous to public trust areas, located inland of the dividing line
between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters and extending 30 feet
landward of the normal high water level or normal water level.
The proposed project does include a minor amount of fill in public trust shorelines.
The purpose of the project is to restore hydrology to previously ditched sections of
the Dismal Swamp. Even though there will be short term impacts to a small amount
of coastal shoreline, the long-term benefits will far exceed the initial impact. It is also
important to note that all impacts will occur in previously disturbed areas, specifically
the ditch banks and berm alongside the ditches which was created with dredged
material when the ditches were originally excavated. We conclude that the proposed
development activities will not be detrimental to the public trust and the biological
and physical functions of the biological system. Every effort has been made to
reduce adverse impacts of the project. The proposed project complies with the
general use and specific use standards for projects within coastal shoreline areas of
environmental concern.
• Public Trust Areas
Public trust areas are defined as all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands
thereunder from the mean high water mark to the seaward limit of state jurisdiction;
all natural bodies of water subject to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to
the normal high water or normal water level; all navigable natural bodies of water and
lands thereunder to the normal high water or normal water level, except privately
owned lakes; all water in artificially created bodies of water containing public fishing
resources or other public resources which are accessible to the public by navigation
from bodies of water in which the public has rights of navigation; and all waters in
artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by
prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means.
The project does include impacts to a public trust area. The South Martha
Washington ditch is located within the Dismal Swamp state park, part of the North
Carolina state park system and therefore is accessible to the public. The ditch, an
artificially created body of water, is considered navigable; however, due to low water
levels and fallen trees/debris, it is not currently possible to canoe/kayak within the
ditch. The proposed project will make it possible for the water levels in the ditch to
be managed. This will create the possibility of higher water levels within the ditch,
increasing the ability of the public to utilize this resource.
According to 15A NCAC 07H.0208, fill within a ditch is permitted within public use
areas as long as the following conditions are met: the area to be filled was not created
by excavating lands which were below the normal high water or normal water level;
if the area was created from wetlands, the elevation of the proposed filling does not
exceed the elevation of said wetlands so that wetland function will be restored; the
filling will not adversely impact any designated primary nursery area, shellfish bed,
submerged aquatic vegetation as defined by Marine Fisheries Commission, coastal
wetlands, public trust right or public trust usage; and the filling will not adversely
affect the value and enjoyment of property of any riparian owner.
According to historical records, land excavated to create the South Martha
Washington Ditch was most likely above normal water levels. It is possible that
some areas along the ditch were below normal water levels (NWL), such as
seasonally ponded areas, at certain times of year, but these were not continuous
sections of land. We are not proposing to fill the ditch. Only a small section of the
ditch will be lined with riprap to stabilize the ditch immediately downstream of the
proposed water control structure. The purpose of installing the water control
structure is to restore water levels to as close to historical levels as possible. The
maximum height for the water control structure will not be above the current
elevation of the existing wetlands. There are not any designated primary nursery
areas, shellfish beds, or submerged aquatic vegetation within the project area, so these
resources will not be impacted. The public usage in the project area will be improved
because water levels in the ditch will be raised, allowing increased opportunities for
recreational boating. The landowner, the State of North Carolina, is in support of the
project as it is in accordance with their habitat restoration goals for the Dismal
Swamp state park.
Outstanding Resource Waters
Outstanding. resource waters (ORW) are those waters classified by the N.C.
Environmental Management Commission pursuant to T15A NCAC .021B upon
finding that these waters are of exceptional State or National recreational or
ecological significance. Even though the project is located within a public trust area,
it is not designated as and will not impact any areas designated as ORW.
• Beds of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV)
Beds of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) are those habitats in public trust areas
and estuarine waters vegetated with one or more species of submergent vegetation.
These areas are defined by the Marine Fisheries Commission. Even though the
project is located within a public trust area, the ditch is an unconsolidated bottom
wetland; therefore, no SAV is present within the project area.
• Natural and Cultural Resources Areas
Natural and cultural resource are defined in T15A NCAC 07H .0502 as areas
containing environmental, natural or cultural resources of more than local
significance in which uncontrolled or incompatible development could result in major
or irreversible damage to natural systems or cultural resources, scientific, educational,
or associative values, or aesthetic qualities. The Dismal Swamp historically
contained populations of the federally listed endangered red-cockaded woodpecker,
but none have been sighted since the early 1960s due to loss of fire dependent habitat.
The management objective of coastal areas that sustain remnant species as seen in
15NCAC 07H .0505 is to protect unique habitat conditions that are necessary to the
continued survival of threatened and endangered native plants and animals and to
minimize land use impacts that might jeopardize these conditions. As a result of
man-made alterations within the swamp over a long period of time, the habitat and
hydrology has been significantly altered. The construction of the numerous ditches
within the swamp has resulted in lower water levels that have caused the peat soils to
dry and compress. Timber harvesting within the swamp has altered the species
composition. The Dismal Swamp historically contained habitat and species that were
fire dependent. Because of the human alterations that have resulted in decreased
water levels, the natural fire regime in the area has been altered. Because of this
alteration, species within the swamp that are fire dependent are in decline. Atlantic
white cedar is a species in decline as a result of the altered fire regime. Hess el's
hairstreak, classified as a state rare species (S3), is dependent on Atlantic white cedar
habitat. Because of the decline in Atlantic white cedar, this species is in decline as
well.
Natural wildfires that do occur are detrimental as seen in the recent wildfire that
occurred on the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. The wildfire
resulted in the destruction of valuable peat soils. Because of this, it is not advisable to
proceed with prescribed burns at the current artificially lowered water levels. By
installing the proposed water control structures, we will be able to re-saturate the peat
soils. As a result, when the area is burned the saturated peat soil will be protected,
but the fire will be able to stimulate growth of the fire-dependent species and stunt the
growth of the competing species that occur in greater numbers than they did
historically. Black-throated green warblers, listed as state rare (S2S3B) and a federal
species of concern, are also found near the project site. This species is dependent
upon forested wetlands. The proposed project will re-saturate soils that have been
drained as a result of the ditches and as a result will improve forested wetland habitat
for this species. Our conclusion is that the proposed project will make it possible to
better manage the habitat through prescribed burns, which are necessary to maintain
the historically fire-dependent habitat and species found within the swamp and will
result in improvements to the existing habitat.
The Use Standards in 15A NCAC 07H.0508 specify that permits for development in
designated fragile coastal natural or cultural resource areas will be approved upon
finding that; the proposed design and location will cause no major or irreversible
damage to the stated values of a particular resource, no reasonable alternative sites are
available outside the designated AEC, reasonable mitigation measures have been
considered and incorporated into the project plan, and the project will be of equal or
greater public benefit than those benefits lost or damaged through development.
The nearest recorded sighting for a red-cockaded woodpecker is 1.5 miles west of the
project site. It was sighted in 1961; however, there have been no recent sightings of
the red-cockaded woodpecker in this area. The Service has concluded that this
project will not result in any negative impacts to the red-cockaded woodpecker.
There are no alternative sites for this project. To achieve the desired result, the
project must occur at the proposed location.
We have reviewed 15A NCAC 07M and have determined that the proposed project is
consistent with those guidelines. Specifically, section 7M.0700 addresses mitigation
for those projects that include wetland impacts. Mitigation is not currently proposed
for this project. However, a similar square footage of the resulting offsetting
vegetated wetland restoration resulting from re-hydration of the soils in the former
wetlands adjacent to the ditches will provide any offsetting mitigation requirement.
Based on the soils present on site and verified by field sampling, it is estimated that a
minimum of 1,791,240 ft2 or 41 acres of restored forested wetlands along South
Martha Washington Ditch and 7,852,288 ft2 or 180 acres along Corapeake, Kim
Saunders, Laurel, Myrtle and Western Boundary ditches for a minimum total of 221
acres of restored forested wetlands. The direct and permanent impacts to vegetated
and non vegetated wetlands, all of which occur in manmade ditches, are small. Total
permanent impacts are 286 square feet of vegetated wetland impacts and 3,665 square
feet of unvegetated wetland impacts. These ditch wetland impacts are unavoidable if
scour protection is to be ensured for this project. The area of enhanced wetlands as a
result of restoring a more natural higher water table through the flattening the
hydraulic gradient restoring and maintaining saturation to the soil surface in these
peat based soils is much greater and can extend out many thousands of feet. Based on
soil properties listed in soils survey manuals for the two soil types on found in the
project area, Pungo and Belhaven soils series typically have a depth to seasonal water
table varying from 0-6 inches below the ground surface and a depth of ponding from
0 to 3 feet. Due to the drainage effect of these ditches, neither near surface seasonal
groundwater or ponding is currently occurring in these drained sites.
The proposed project will result in a greater benefit to the public than the existing
conditions. Currently, the water levels in the ditches make it impossible for
recreational boaters to utilize this valuable public resource. Installation of the water
control structures will allow managers to increase the water levels in the ditch,
making it possible for recreational boaters to canoe or kayak.
5. North Carolina Dredge and Fill Law (NCGS 113-229)
The proposed project will not result in any excavation or filling within any estuarine
waters, tidelands, or State-owned lakes; therefore, no further action is required regarding
compliance with NCGS 113-229.
6. Required State and Local Permits
The North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, Parks and
Recreation Division has applied for a CAMA major development permit. The Service
acted as their agent on the permit application. We are currently awaiting review of the
permit application.
7. Conclusion
The proposed project is located within several categories of areas of environmental
concern. We feel that the long-term benefits of this project far exceed the short term
impacts. Potential impacts have been minimized to the maximum extent practicable.
Also, all of the project impacts occur in previously disturbed habitat. The habitat
available after the proposed project has been completed will be a higher quality habitat
than the existing habitat. The proposed project will also assist managers of the Dismal
Swamp state park and Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge manage water
levels within the swamp.
Ecological benefits of the proposed project include:
o Restore hydrology to drained sections of the swamp
o Areas that were formerly wetland, now partially or completely drained as a result of
the ditching within the swamp, will be restored to forested wetlands or existing
wetlands will be enhanced by flattening the drainage gradient. This proposed
restoration project will result in increased management capabilities in areas inhabited
by pocosin and Atlantic white cedar and increase habitat for forested wetland
dependent species.
o Manage water levels to aid in wildfire prevention. The impacts of the recent South
One wildfire in the Dismal Swamp, which burned over 3500 acres, resulted in deep
peat burns and cost over 4.6 million dollars to fight. The impacts of this and other
fires could have been significantly reduced if water levels within the swamp were
higher.
o Manage water levels to assist with prescribed burning. Fire dependent ecosystems,
such as pocosin and Atlantic white cedar wetlands species have been historically
found within the park. Atlantic white cedar was once much more extensive in both
the Dismal Swamp State Park and Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge.
However, these fire-dependent systems and the species that rely on them, such as
Hessel's hairstreak are currently in decline due to lack of fires. Prescribed burning
will help restore the habitat that is necessary for these species to flourish. Saturation
of the soils through water level management will aid park and refuge managers in
effectively planning and implementing prescribed bums in these flammable peat
based soils if this management option is implemented.
o Restore habitat for listed species. The northern section of the project area is part of
an area that has been recognized as a priority for restoring habitat for the federally
listed endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, which has historically occurred in the
Dismal Swamp, though the last sighting was along Corapeake Road in 1961. The
red-cockaded woodpecker prefers open pine stands which are maintained by fire.
The suppression of fire has reduced the habitat for this species. Fire management of
these areas is impossible without adequate hydrology to saturate peat soils
sufficiently to prevent substantial loss of peat soils and the habitat they support. The
re-introduction of a fire regime will help restore valuable habitat for the red-cockaded
woodpecker.
Based on review of the General Policy Guidelines for Coastal Areas, we assert that the
proposed project is consistent, to the maximum extent practicable, with the enforceable
policies of North Carolina's federally approved coastal management program. If you
have any questions, please contact Dave Byrd at 804-693-6694 ext. 126 or
[e-mail].
®CM MP-1
NFLICATIONfor
Nalor lovolopmont Pormft
(last revised 12/27/06)
RECEIVED
JUL 11 2011
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
North Carolina DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
1. Primary Applicant/ Landowner Information
Business Name Project Name (if applicable)
N.C. Denr, Division Of Parks And Recreation South Martha Washington Ditch Hydrology Restoration
Applicant 1: First Name MI Last Name
Donald G. Reuter, Assistant Director, Planning and Administration
Applicant 2: First Name MI Last Name
N/A N/A N/A
If additional applicants, please attach an additional page(s) with names listed.
Mailing Address PO Box City State
1615 MSC Raleigh North Carolina
ZIP Country Phone No. FAX No.
276991615 United States 919 - 715 - 7582 ext. 919 - 715 - 3085
Street Address (if different from above) City State ZIP
512 N. Salisbury Street Raleigh NC Raleigh North Carolina 27603-
Email
[e-mail]
2. Agent(Contractor Information
Business Name
U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service
Agent/ Contractor 1: First Name MI Last Name
David W. Byrd
Agent/ Contractor 2: First Name MI Last Name
N/A N/A N/A
Mailing Address PO Box City State
6669 Short Lane N/A Gloucester Virginia
ZIP Phone No. 1 Phone No. 2
23061 804 -693 - 6694 ext. 126 N/A - - ext.
FAX No. Contractor #
804 693 9032 N/A
Street Address (if different from above) City State ZIP
N/A N?A N/A N/A -
Email
[e-mail]
<Form continues on back>
? -8" 13- 80 ., 1 -O ka-4RCOAS°I' a *r rn u atr? a ? .rseu
Form DCM MP-1 (Page 2 of 5)
RECEIVED
I JUL 11 2011
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
3. Project Location
rnAqTAi MANAGEMENT
County (can be multiple) Street Address ELIZABETH CITY State Rd. #
Camden N/A N/A
Subdivision Name City State Zip
N/A N/A NC N/A -
Phone No. Lot No.(s) (if many, attach additional page with list)
804 - 693 - 6694 ext. 126 N/A, ,
a. In which NC river basin is the project located? b. Name of body of water nearest to proposed project
Pasquotank South Martha Washington Ditch
c. Is the water body identified in (b) above, natural or manmade? d. Name the closest major water body to the proposed project site.
?Natural ®Manmade ?Unknown Pasquotank River
e. Is proposed work within city limits or planning jurisdiction? f. If applicable, list the planning jurisdiction or city limit the proposed
?Yes ®No work falls within.
N/A
4. Site Description
a. Total length of shoreline on the tract (ft.) b. Size of entire tract (sq.ft.)
126,352 (shoreline is along man-made ditches, both sides) 623,169,360
c. Size of individual lot(s) d. Approximate elevation of tract above NHW (normal high water) or
N/A, NWL (normal water level)
(If many lot sizes, please attach additional page with a list) 3-8 feet ®NHW or ?NWL
e. Vegetation on tract
The project site (tract) consists of needleleaf and deciduous forested uplands and wetlands. There are at least 324 known
species of plants on this tract of land. The canopy species inn the area is dominated by red maple, loblolly and pond pine,
but scattered populations of Atlantic white cedar can be found along the western edge of the park and pocosins are located
both in the state park and national wildlife refuge. Other common plant species include persimmon, redbay, inkberry,
southern highbush blueberry, sweet pepperbush and and various oaks including swamp chestnut, southern red, cherrybark,
black willow and white oaks. Pawpaw, black cherry, switchcane and blackberry are other species commonly found on the
tract, especially along the access roads and ditches. Other areas, particularly in the south and west sections of the park
also contain coastal dog hobble, swamp doghobble, fetterbush, inkberry and gallberry and Atlantic white cedar.
f. Man-made features and uses now on tract
There are several large man-made ditches and associated logging roads throughout the tract. A non functional water
control structure is located adjacent to the proposed Weir #2. In addition, there are berms along the man-made ditches
throughout the tract, often comprising the raised roadbed on one side. The tracts are available for hiking, mountain bike
riding, canoeing, wildlife observation, and educational activities.
g. Identify and describe the existing land uses adjacent to the proposed project site.
The project is located within the Great Dismal Swamp State Park in North Carolina. The adjacent property is part of the
Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge owned by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Dismal Swamp Canal,
operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is located east of the project site. There are no private lands adjacent or
that will be affected by the project.
h. How does local government zone the tract? i. Is the proposed project consistent with the applicable zoning?
General Use (Attach zoning compliance certificate, if applicable)
®Yes ?No ?NA
j. Is the proposed activity part of an urban waterfront redevelopment proposal? ?Yes ®No
k. Hasa professional archaeological assessment been done for the tract? If yes, attach a copy. ?Yes ®No ?NA
If yes, by whom? Weir #1&2 have received clearance
from SHPO. See enclosed letter.
1. Is the proposed project located in a National Registered Historic District or does it involve a ?Yes ®No ?NA
Form DCM MP-1 (Page 3 of 5)
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
I National Register listed or eligible property?
<Form continues on next page>
m. (i) Are there wetlands on the site? ®Yes ?No
(ii) Are there coastal wetlands on the site? ?Yes ®No
(iii) If yes to either (i) or (ii) above, has a delineation been conducted? ®Yes ?No
(Attach documentation, if available)
n. Describe existing wastewater treatment facilities. IVED
REC
N/A E
FJUL 11 Ol
o. Describe existing drinking water supply source.
N/A
COASTAL MANAGEMEN T
p. Describe existing storm-water management or treatment systems. ELIZABETH CITY
N/A
5. Activities and Impacts
a. Will the project be for commercial, public, or private use? ?Commercial ®PubliclGovernment
?Private/Community
b. Give a brief description of purpose, use, and daily operations of the project when complete.
The purpose of the project is to manage water levels within the Great Dismal Swamp to assist with fire suppression.
Managing the water levels will also be a valuable tool for planning prescribed burns. The ability to retain more water in the
man-made ditches within the swamp will also aid in hydrology restoration to the surrounding wetland habitat.
c. Describe the proposed construction methodology, types of construction equipment to be used during construction, the number of each type
of equipment and where it is to be stored.
For construction methodology, please refer to Sheet C13 of the attached construction plans. The equipment that will be
used includes; excavator (2), tandem dump truck (2), flat-bed trailer (1), and sheetpile driver(1). The excavators and
sheetpile driver will be stored on-site during construction. The tandem dump trucks and flat-bed trailer will be used for
transporting material to and from the site and will be stored off-site.
d. List all development activities you propose.
Construction of 2 permanent weirs, riprap fill placed below each weir for scour protection and stabilization, fenced storage
area for the metal stoplogs at Weir #1, temporary earthen fillt to supporrt the cofferdam, temporary excavation of a by-pass
channel, and temporary steel or vinyl sheetpile installation for coffer dams. Temporary crossings within coffered, dewatered
areas may also be necessary. For a complete description of each activity, please refer to the attached construction plans.
e. Are the proposed activities maintenance of an existing project, new work, or both? New work, though a relic water control
structure is located at the Weir 2
location
f. What is the approximate total disturbed land area resulting from the proposed project? 1.49 ?Sq.Ft or ®Acres
g. Will the proposed project encroach on any public easement, public accessway or other area ®Yes ?No ?NA
that the public has established use of?
Form DCM MP-1 (Page 4 of 5)
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
Describe location and type of existing and proposed discharges to waters of the state.
Riprap will be installed adjacent and downgradient of each weir to prevent scour erosion within the ditch (310 cubic yards
below NHW). Temporary coffer dams will also be installed during construction to create dry working conditions within the
ditch. Vinyl or steel sheetpile will be used to divert the flow through the bypass channel. A total of 1,624 cubic yards of
earthen material will be used during the construction of temporary coffer dams (189 cubic yards below NHW). A total of
1,823 tons of riprap will be placed adjacent to the two weirs. A total of 0.09 acres of wetlands will be impacted as a result of
the permanent riprap installation and an additional 0.08 acres will be impacted by the temporary coffer dams and transition
grading. All of the wetland impacts will occur within the ditch, primarily a unvegetated, unconsolidated bottom wetland. As
water levels are raised in the structures, additional unvegetated wetlands and a narrow fringe of vegetated wetlands will be
impacted, all within the confines of the ditches. The unvegetated wetlands will increase in area as the ditches fill (they are
typically narrower at the base) and the narrow vegeteted wetland fringe will reestablish at the new higher ditch elevation, as it
has in other ditches within Dismal Swamp State Park and the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. See estimated
project impact appendix for further detail.
i. Will wastewater or stormwater be discharged into a wetland? ?Yes ®No ?NA
If yes, will this discharged water be of the same salinity as the receiving water? ?Yes ?No ®NA
j. Is there any mitigation proposed? ®Yes ?No ?NA
If yes, attach a mitigation proposal.
<Form continues on back>
6. Additional Information
In addition to this completed application form, (MP-1) the following items below, if applicable, must be submitted in order for the application
package to be complete. Items (a) - (t) are always applicable to any major development application. Please consult the application
instruction booklet on how to properly prepare the required items below
a. A project narrative.
b. An accurate, dated work plat (including plan view and cross-sectional drawings) drawn to scale. Please give the present status of the
proposed project. Is any portion already complete? If previously authorized work, clearly indicate on maps, plats, drawings to distinguish
between work completed and proposed.
c. A site or location map that is sufficiently detailed to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the site.
d. A copy of the deed (with state application only) or other instrument under which the applicant claims title to the affected properties.
e. The appropriate application fee. Check or money order made payable to DENR.
f. A list of the names and complete addresses of the adjacent waterfront (riparian) landowners and signed return receipts as proof that such
owners have received a copy of the application and plats by certified mail. Such landowners must be advised that they have 30 days in
which to submit comments on the proposed project to the Division of Coastal Management.
Name U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge Phone No. 757 986-3705
Address Desert Road, Suffolk, Virginia 23434
Name U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District, Operations Branch Phone No. 757 201-7125
Address 803 Front Street, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
Name
Address RECEIVED

g. A list of previous state or federal permits issued for work on the project tract. Include pe
NIA it nu bers, permittee, and issuing
JUL 11 2011 ates.

h. Signed consultant or agent authorization form, if applicable. ELIZABETH CITY

i. Wetland delineation, if necessary.
j. A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in oceanfront and inlet areas. (Must be signed by property owner)
k. A statement of compliance with the N.C. Environmental Policy Act (N.C.G.S. 113A 1-10), if necessary. If the project involves expenditure
of public funds or use of public lands, attach a statement documenting compliance with the North Carolina Environmental Policy Act.
Form DCM MP-1 (Page 5 of 5)
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
7. Certification and Permission to Enter on Land
I understand that any permit issued in response to this application will allow only the development described in the application.
The project will be subject to the conditions and restrictions contained in the permit.
I certify that I am authorized to grant, and do in fact grant permission to representatives of state and federal review agencies to
enter on the aforementioned lands in connection with evaluating information related to this permit application and follow-up
monitoring of the project.
I further certify that the information provided in this application is truthful to the best of my knowledge.
Date 06/20/2011 Print Name. David W. Byrd
Signature ZA
Please indicate application attachments pertaining to your proposed project.
®DCM MP-2 Excavation and Fill Information ?DCM MP-5 Bridges and Culverts
?DCM MP-3 Upland Development
®DCM MP-4 Structures Information
RECEIVED
JUL 11 2011
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
Form DCM MP-2
EXCAVATION and FILL
(Except for bridges and culverts)
RECEIVED
JUL 11 20,11
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
Attach this form to Joint Application for CAMA Major Permit, Form DCM MP-1. Be sure to complete all other
Application that relate to this proposed project. Please include all supplemental information.
Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation and/or fill activities. All values should be given in feet.
Access Other
Channel Canal Boat Basin Boat Ramp Rock Groin Rock (excluding
(NLW or Breakwater shoreline
NWL stabilization
Length NA NA NA NA NA NA 193
Width NA NA NA NA NA NA 22-28
Avg. Existing NA NA NA NA NA NA 3
Depth
Final Project NA NA NA NA NA NA 3
Depth
1. EXCAVATION ?This section not applicable
a. Amount of material to be excavated from below NHW or NWL in b. Type of material to be excavated.
cubic yards. soil
310 riprap, 24 transition, 1,624 cofferdams (much of which is below
NHW elevation but outside of limits of vegetated and unvegetated
wetlands). Approximately 3 CY within these wetlands areas along
the ditch slopes.
c. (i) Does the area to be excavated include coastal wetlands/marsh
(CW), submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), shell bottom (SB),
or other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked, provide the
number of square feet affected.
?CW ?SAV ?SB
OWL []None
(ii) Describe the purpose of the excavation in these areas:
1. Riprap placement 3665 UVW, 286 VW
2. Create temporary bypass channels. 84 UVW, 28 VW
3. Grading for riprap/soil transition 1280 UVW, 100 VW
d. High-ground excavation in cubic yards.
1,624 (This excavation is temporary and will be replaced
when the project is complete)
2. DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL ?This section not applicable
a. Location of disposal area. b. Dimensions of disposal area.
All material excavated for bypass channel will be used to
create temporary coffer dams during weir construction and
placed back in the bypass channel after project completion.
The material excavated for riprap placement and transition
will be temporarily stockpiled on site within enclosed silt
fencing. If material is suitable, It will be used for grading
access road to Weir 2 and stabilized, If unsuitable, it will be
hauled offsite for upland disposal at approved disposal site.
Coffer dams: The temporary disposal area (cofferdam
sheet backfill) for Weir #1 is a trapezoid. The top distance
is 10' and the bottom distance is 33.6. The height is 11.8'
alongside the vinyl sheetpiling and the remaining side is on
a 2:1 slope. The total width is 59' (not all in wetlands). The
disposal area for Weir #2 has the same dimensions except
the total width is 36' (not al in wetlands). For temporary
upland disposal area, the site will be a 100 ft X 50 foot area
at the southwest corner of the disturbance area at Weir 1,
within the silt fencing.

C. (i) Do you claim title to disposal area? d. (i) Will a disposal area be available for future maintenance?
®Yes ?No ?NA ?Yes ONo ?NA
(ii) If no, attach a letter granting permission from the owner. (ii) If yes, where?
e. (i) Does the disposal area include any coastal wetlands/marsh
(CW), submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), shell bottom (SB),
or other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked, provide the
number of square feet affected.
?CW ?SAV ?SB
®WL 1.836 ?None
(ii) Describe the purpose of disposal in these areas:
Temporary disposal: The earthen fill is being used to create a
temporary coffer dam during construction of the proposed weirs
so that the construction will occur in a dry section of the ditch.
Water within the ditch will be routed along the excavated bypass
channel immediately adjacent to the existing ditch Weir 2
access road: If material excavated for the placment of.riprap
and for the grade transition is sutriable, the mateirla wil be
spread upon the spoil berm funcitioning as an access road to
Weir 2. If unsuitable, material will be hauled off site to upland
disposal area.
f. (i) Does the disposal include any area in the water?
?Yes ®No ?NA
(ii) If yes, how much water area is affected?
RECEIVED
JUL 11 2011
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
3. SHORELINE STABILIZATION ®This section not applicable
(If development is a wood groin, use MP-4 - Structures)
.. •it, I JoaoviiI . v115
?Bulkhead ?Riprap ?Breakwater/Sill ?Other:
c. Average distance waterward of NHW or NWL:
e. Type of stabilization material
g. Number of square feet of fill to be placed below water level.
Bulkhead backfill Riprap
Breakwater/Sill Other
i. Source of fill material.
U. Lengm:
Width:
d. Maximum distance waterward of NHW or NWL:
f. (i) Has there been shoreline erosion during preceding 12
months?
?Yes ?No ?NA
(ii) If yes, state amount of erosion and source of erosion amount
information.
h. Type of fill material.
4. OTHER FILL ACTIVITIES ?This section not applicable
(Excluding Shoreline Stabilization)
a. (i) Will fill material be brought to the site? ®Yes ?No ?NA b. (i) Will fill material be plarpd in rnacrai watinnri¢rm-ek ir1nn
If yes,
(ii) Amount of material to be placed in the water N/A
(iii) Dimensions of fill area For Weir #1. the temporary
disposal area will be 92.4'x 46.5' In addition there will be a
trapezoidal area of fill with a top width of 92.4'. bottom width of
25'. and a depth of 40'. (not all within wetlands)
For Weir #2. the temporary disposal area will be 80'x 36.5'.
In addition there will be a trapezoidal area of fill with a top width
of 40'. a bottom width of 80'. and a depth of 20' (not all within
wetlands
(iv) Purpose of fill
The riprap is being installed to prevent erosion in the ditch
immediately downgradient of the weirs.
submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), shell bottom (SB), or
other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked, provide the
number of square feet affected.
?CW ?SAV ?SB
OWL 5.787 ?None
(ii) Describe the purpose of the fill in these areas:
1,836 square feet for cofferdams and 3,951 for riprap. Th
earthen cofferdam is for sheetpile cofferdam support and the
riprap apron is being installed to prevent erosion in the ditch
immediately downgradient of the weirs.
5. GENERAL
a. How will excavated or fill material be kept on site and erosion b. What type of construction equipment will be used (e.g., dragline,
controlled? backhoe, or hydraulic dredge)?
The riprap will be placed on geotextile fabric in the disposal areas. An excavator will be used to place the riprap. A tandem dump
The downstream portion of the riprap will be grouted truck will be used to transport the material on-site.
c. (i) Will navigational aids be required as a result of the project?
?Yes ®No ?NA
(ii) If yes, explain what type and how they will be implemented.
d. (i) Will wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment to project
site? ®Yes ®No ?NA
(ii) If yes, explain steps that will be taken to avoid or minimize
environmental impacts.
Contractor may need to cross ditches to access east bank.
Access will be via temporary bridging or solid fill causeway. All
access across the ditches will be within the dewatered coffered
areas. All crossing related fill will be removed and banks
restored to pre-exisitng or project contours and stabilized.
06/20/2011
Date
South Martha Washington Ditch Hydrology Restoration
Project Name
Mr. Donald Reuter, Assistant Director, Planning and
Administration, Division of Parks And Recreation, NCDENR
RECEIVED
J U L 11 2011
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
Applicant Name
Phi i
Applicant Signature
Form DCM MP-4
STRUCTURES
(Construction within Public Trust Areas)
RECEIVED
J U G 11 2011
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
Attach this form to Joint Application for_CAMA Major Permit, Form DCM MP-1. Be sure to c
Application that relate to this proposed project. Please include all supplemental information.
1. DOCKING FACILITY/MARINA CHARACTERISTICS
a. (i) Is the docking facility/marina:
?Commercial ?Public/Government ?Private/Community
c. (i) Dock(s) and/or pier(s)
(ii) Number
(iii) Length
(iv) Width
(v) Floating ?Yes ?No
e. (1) Are Platforms included? ?Yes ?No
If yes:
(ii) Number
(iii) Length
(iv) Width
(v) Floating ?Yes ?No
Note: Roofed areas are calculated from dripline dimensions.
g. (i) Number of slips proposed
(ii) Number of slips existing
i. Check the proposed type of siting:
? Land cut and access channel
?Open water; dredging for basin and/or channel
?Open water; no dredging required
?Other; please describe:
k. Typical boat length:
Joint
0This section not applicable
b. (i) Will the facility be open to the general public?
?Yes ?No
d. (i) Are Finger Piers included? ?Yes ?No
If yes:
(ii) Number
(iii) Length
(iv) Width
(v) Floating ?Yes ?No
f. (i) Are Boatlifts included? ?Yes ?No
If yes:
(ii) Number
(iii) Length
(iv) Width
h. Check all the types of services to be provided.
? Full service, including travel lift and/or rail, repair or
maintenance service
? Dockage, fuel, and marine supplies
? Dockage ("wet slips") only, number of slips:
? Dry storage; number of boats:
? Boat ramp(s); number of boat ramps:
? Other, please describe:
j. Describe the typical boats to be served (e.g., open runabout,
charter boats, sail boats, mixed types).
1. (i) Will the facility be open to the general public?
?Yes ?No
m. (i) Will the facility have tie pilings?
?Yes ?No
(ii) If yes number of tie pilings?
2, DOCKING FACILITY/MARINA OPERATIONS 0This section not applicable
a. Check each of the following sanitary facilities that will be included in the proposed project.
? Office Toilets
? Toilets for patrons; Number: ; Location: RECEIVE D
? Showers - -
? Boatholding tank pumpout; Give type and location: J U L 1 ?oi i
b. Describe treatment type and disposal location for all sanitary wastewater.
c. Describe the disposal of solid waste, fish offal and trash.
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
d. How will overboard discharge of sewage from boats be controlled?
e. (i) Give the location and number of "No Sewage Discharge" signs proposed.
(ii) Give the location and number of "Pumpout Available" signs proposed.
f. Describe the special design, if applicable, for containing industrial type pollutants, such as paint, sandblasting waste and petroleum products.
g. Where will residue from vessel maintenance be disposed of?
h. Give the number of channel markers and "No Wake" signs proposed.
L Give the location of fuel-handling facilities, and describe the safety measures planned to protect area water quality.
j. What will be the marina policy on overnight and live-aboard dockage?
k. Describe design measures that promote boat basin flushing?
1. If this project is an expansion of an existing marina, what types of services are currently provided?
m. Is the marina/docking facility proposed within a primary or secondary nursery area?
?Yes ?No

n. Is the marina/docking facility proposed within or adjacent to any shellfish harvesting area?
?Yes ?No
o. Is the marina/docking facility proposed within or adjacent to coastal wetlands/marsh (CW), submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), shell bottom
(SB), or other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked, provide the number of square feet affected.
?CW ?SAV ?SB
?WL ?None
p. Is the proposed marina/docking facility located within or within close proximity to any shellfish leases? ?Yes ?No
If yes, give the name and address of the leaseholder(s), and give the proximity to the lease.
3, BOATHOUSE (including covered lifts) This section not applicable
a. (i) Is the boathouse structure(s): REGEivEr
?Commercial ?Public/Government ?Private/Community
(ii) Number
(iii) Length J U L 11 20111
(iv) Width
Note: Roofed areas are calculated from dripline dimensions. COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
4. GROIN (e.g., wood, sheetpile, etc. If a rock groin, use MP-2, Excavation and Fill.) ®This section not applicable
a. (i) Number
(ii) Length
(iii) Width
5. BREAKWATER (e.g., wood, sheetpile, etc.) ®This section not applicable
a. Length b. Average distance from NHW, NWL, or wetlands
c. Maximum distance beyond NHW, NWL or wetlands
6. MOORING PILINGS and BUOYS El This section not applicable
?Commercial ?PubliclGovernment ?Private/Community
C- Distance to be placed beyond shoreline
Note: This should be measured from marsh edge, if present
e. Arc of the swing
b. Number
d. Description of buoy (color, inscription, size, anchor, etc.)
7. GENERAL
a. Proximity of structure(s) to adjacent riparian property lines b. Proximity of structure(s) to adjacent docking facilities.
530 feet (Weir 1) N/A
550 feet (Weir 2)
Note: For buoy or mooring piling, use arc of swing including length
of vessel.
c. Width of water body _ d. Water depth at waterward end of structure at NLW or NWL
28 feet (Weir 1) Weir #1 - 3'
RECEIVED
22 feet (Weir 2) Weir #2 - 3'
e. (i) Will navigational aids be required as a result of the project?
?Yes ONo ?NA JUL 11 20)11
(ii) If yes, explain what type and how they will be implemented.
N/A
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
8. OTHER ?This section not applicable
a. Give complete description:
Two weirs are proposed for this project. Weir #1 is approximately 94 feet wide and Weir #2 is approximately 80 feet wide. Both
of the weirs will allow the blockage of flow when needed. They will consist of metal stoplogs, a 42" diameter canal gate for
bottom draw-down (Weir 1), a catwalk, riprap for energy dissipation, necessary fencing, and a lifting system for stoplog
removal. The weirs will be composed of steel sheetpiling. The sheetpiling will be installed using a sheetpile driver. A
wooden trash rack will be installed upstream of each weir to prevent clogging/damage to the strucutres. For specifics, please
see the attached civil and construction plans and specifications.
06/20/2011
Date
South Martha Washington Ditch Hydrology Restoration
Project Name
Mr. Donald Reuter, Assistant Director, Planning and
Administration, Division of Parks And Recreation, NCDENR
Appli!Zed n
l/ 11A r
Applicant Signature
RECEIVED
CAMA Application -Additional Information JUN - 7 2011
History
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
The Dismal Swamp State Park protects 22 square miles of foreste (I WeLland fn ine a isma
Swamp, the largest remaining swamp in the eastern United States. Historically, the swamp was
much wetter than it is currently. Agricultural, commercial, and residential development has
destroyed much of the swamp. Over 140 miles of roads were constructed to provide access to
the timber. These roads severely disrupted the swamp's natural hydrology as the ditches which
were dug to provide soil for the road beds drained water from the swamp. The roads in some
cases have blocked the flow of water across the swamp's surface. The logging operations
removed natural stands of cypress and Atlantic white-cedar that were replaced by other forest
types, particularly red maple. Logging of the swamp proved to be a successful commercial
activity, with regular logging operations continuing as late as 1976. The entire swamp has been
logged at least once. As a result of human disturbance, the swamp has become drier and the
suppression of wildfires, which once cleared the land for seed germination, has created
environmental conditions that were less favorable to the survival of cypress and cedar stands. As
a result, plant and animal diversity has decreased.
Five major forest types and three non-forested types of plant communities comprise the swamp
vegetation. The forested types include pine, Atlantic white-cedar, maple-black gum, tupelo-bald
cypress, and sweet gum-oak poplar. The non-forested types include a remnant marsh, a
sphagnum bog, and an evergreen shrub community. Currently red maple is the most abundant
and widely distributed plant community, as it expands into other communities due to the
lingering effects of past forest cutting, extensive draining, and the exclusion of forest fires.
Tupelo-bald cypress and Atlantic white-cedar, formerly predominant forest types in the swamp,
today account for less than 20 percent of the total cover. Wetlands within the Great Dismal
Swamp Refuge portion of the project are primarily mapped as PFOIC, PF04C, PF04/1C, with
small area of PSS3C. Dismal Swamp State Park is not mapped by NWI. However, the North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program has also identified three Registered Natural Heritage Areas
within the project boundaries. A 1,797 acre Atlantic white cedar stand is located in the
northwest quadrant of Corapeake and Western Boundary Ditches, extending south across Kim
Saunders Ditch and an approximately 282 acre high pocosin (S4), located southeast of the
junction of Kim Saunders and Western Boundary Ditch. In addition, a 142.4 acre area bordering
South Martha Washington Ditch from the Virginia/North Carolina state line to approximately 0.9
mile south of Kim Saunders Ditch has been designated a Fern Registered Heritage Area,
primarily for logferns (Dryopteris sp.). Three species of plants deserving special mention are the
dwarf trillium, silky camellia, and log fern. The dwarf trillium is located in the northwestern
section of the swamp and blooms briefly each year for a two-week period in March. Silky
camellia is found on the hardwood ridges. The log fern, is more common in the Great Dismal
Swamp than anywhere else.
There is an abundance of migratory birds within Dismal Swamp. Birding is best during spring
migration from April to June when the greatest diversity of species (particularly warblers)
occurs. Winter brings massive movements of blackbirds and robins to the swamp. Two
southern species, the Swainson's warbler and Wayne's warbler (a race of the Black-throated
Green warbler),-are more common in the Dismal Swamp than in other coastal locations. Black
throated Green warbler, a state rare (S2S3B) species and federal species of concern, has been
identified near the western terminus of Kim Saunders Ditch. Other birds of interest are the wood
duck, barred owl, pileated woodpecker, and prothonotary warbler.
Hessel's hairstreak, a state rare (S3) butterfly that is dependent on Atlantic whitecedar, has been
identified from the state park in the project vicinity adjacent to Kim Saunders Ditch. The swamp
supports a variety of mammals including white-tailed deer, black bear, bobcat, otter, bats,
raccoon, mink, grey and red foxes, and grey squirrels. The formerly federally listed Dismal
Swamp southeastern shrew also inhabits the swamp.
The primary purpose of the Dismal Swamp State park resource management program is to
restore and maintain the natural biological diversity that existed prior to the human-caused
alterations. Essential to the swamp ecosystem are its water resources, native vegetative
communities, and varied wildlife species. Water is being conserved and managed by placing
water control structures in the ditches. Plant community diversity is being restored and
maintained through forest management activities which simulate the ecological effects of natural,
low intensity wildfires. Wildlife is managed by insuring the presence of required habitats
dependent upon disturbance, such as Atlantic white cedar and pocosin wetlands.
Ecological Benefits
• Restore hydrology to drained sections of the swamp
o Areas that were formerly wetland, now partially or completely drained as a result
of the ditching within the swamp will be restored to forested wetlands or enhance
existing wetlands by flattening the drainage gradient. The revised NCDEM
Pasquotank River Local Watershed report recommends that areas within
subcatchments containing unique natural habitats should be preserved and
protected. These subcatchments including Great Dismal Swamp. The report also
indicates that watershed improvements in these subcatchments should focus on
wetland restoration and enhancement, though the project area was not specifically
identified for restoration. This restoration will result increased management
capabilities for these areas, including the pocosin and Atlantic white cedar areas
and increase habitat for forested wetland dependent species.
• Manage water levels to aid in wildfire prevention
o The impacts of the recent South One wildfire in the Dismal Swamp, which burned
over 3500 acres, resulted in deep peat burns and cost over 4.6 million dollars to
fight. The impacts of this and other fires could have been significantly reduced if
water levels within the swamp were higher.
• Manage water levels to assist with prescribed burning
o Fire dependent ecosystems, such as pocosins and Atlantic white cedar wetlands
species have been. historically found within the park. Atlantic white cedar was
once much extensive in both the Dismal Swamp State Park and Great Dismal
Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. However, these fire-dependent systems and
the species that rely on them, such as Hessel's hairstreak are currently in decline
due to lack of fires. Prescribed burning will help restore the habitat that is
necessary for these species to flourish. Saturation of the soils through water level
management will aid park and refuge managers in effectively planning and
implementing prescribed bums in these flammable peat based soils if this
management option is implemented.
o The northern section of the project area is part of an area that has been recognized
as a priority for restoring habitat for the federally listed endangered red-cockaded
woodpecker, which has historically occurred in the Dismal Swamp, though the
last sighting was along Corapeake Road in 1961. The red-cockaded woodpecker
prefers open pine stands which are maintained by fire. The suppression of fire
has reduced the habitat for this species. Fire management of these areas is
impossible without adequate hydrology to saturate peat soils sufficiently to
prevent substantial loss of peat soils and the habitat they support. The re-
introduction of a fire regime will help restore valuable habitat for the red-
cockaded woodpecker.
Impact of Flooding on Jurisdictional Wetlands
• How many acres will be inundated as a result of the weir construction?
o The impacts to wetlands, both unvegetated and vegetated, are contained entirely
within the confines of South Martha Washington, Kim Saunders, Laurel, Myrtle
Western Boundary and Corapeake Ditches. These manmade drainage features
were constructed by Camp Manufacturing/Union Camp and other earlier logging
companies to facilitate drainage for logging operations within the Dismal Swamp.
Impacts include the excavation and placement of rip rap for scour protection at
both structures totaling 3,665 square feet/0.08 acres of unvegetated and 286
square feet/0.007 acres of vegetated wetlands. All work outside the ditch related
to permanent structures will occur within the confines of the berms created by
dredged spoil placement and adjacent areas functionally drained by the proximity
to South Martha Washington Ditch. An additional 30.5 acres of unvegetated and
2.89 acres of vegetated wetlands are anticipated to be temporarily impacted when
the water levels within the ditch are raised after construction. These consist of the
base and sides of the ditches and a narrow vegetated wetland fringe at the normal
water level. However, these impacts will be offset by a similar or greater increase
in unvegetated and vegetated wetland re-establishment once the water levels
within the ditches stabilize.
o Outside of the limits of the ditches, no additional existing wetlands are proposed
or, anticipated to be inundated. Due to the depth and width of the ditches with
respect to the Pungo, Bellhaven and Pungo-Bellhaven soil types, the areas
immediately adjacent to the ditches are effectively drained. The presence of
berms of 2 to 5 feet or more in elevation above the existing ground surface,
resulting from deposition of ditch dredged material adjacent to the ditches, also
results in non jurisdictional areas adjacent to the ditches, particularly along South
Martha Washington and Corapeake Ditches and form their namesake roads.
However, as a result of this project, the elevation of the water table is expected to
allow re-saturation of the Pungo and Belhaven organic soils throughout these
adjacent areas (berms excluded), restoring wetland hydrology adjacent to the
ditches and enhancing the hydrology of large areas of partially drained forested
wetland areas outside the effectively drained areas though a flattening of the
subsurface hydraulic gradient.
• How many acres of jurisdictional wetlands are there in the area where inundation will
increase? Explain how the inundation will impact these areas.
o The structures are designed to ensure that increased inundation will not occur
outside of the boundaries of the ditches, where they currently exist and as noted in
the previous section, no additional wetlands outside of the confines of the ditch
are proposed for inundation. Dismal Swamp State Park and Great Dismal Swamp
National Wildlife Refuge staff, will be regularly monitoring the effect of the weirs
and will adjust boards within the structures to ensure that inundation is confined
within the ditch boundaries. Christopher Newport University's Center for
Wetland Conservation will assist in that monitoring.
• Explain what the Norfolk District Corps is aware of and what their opinion is regarding
the project.
o Coordination has occurred with staff from the Norfolk District Corps of
Engineers. While plans and the effects of the project have been discussed and an
indication that the project may qualify for a Nationwide Permit 27, re-initiation of
coordination is ongoing and no permit decision has been reached at this time.
Minimization
• The riprap to be installed down gradient of the water control structures has been
minimized to the maximum extent practicable. Ducks Unlimited completed an
engineering study to verify the amount of riprap required to stabilize the ditch down
gradient of the weir. The engineering study has been attached to the permit application
for reference. The previous design for an open bypass channel has been modified to a
piped channel, which should minimize downstream sedimentation. The engineer for the
project initially proposed to use the material excavated for the bypass channel as the sole
coffer material for the project. The proposal has been modified to use vinyl sheet pile as
the primary coffer material. However, the engineer has determined that the excavated
material will still need to be placed behind the vinyl sheeting to strengthen it sufficiently
to withstand higher flows from storm events. Sequencing the coffer dam removal process
will allow the backfilled soil to be removed, then the sheet pile. Once the water levels
have dropped below the level-of the bypass channels, the pipe will be removed and the
stockpiled coffer material will be replaced in its former locations and stabilized to pre-
existing contours. In addition, monitoring of the effects of the water controls structures
will be ongoing. Access south to the location of southern water control structure or Weir
#2, is via an existing berm, approximately 40 to 50 feet wide and elevated 2 to 5 feet
above the existing grade. This access was used to conduct geotechnical work for the
second structure and will be the access for work to minimize impacts to the original
ground surface.
Adjacent Property Owner Notification
The adjacent property owners include the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, who have
worked in close conjunction with North Carolina DENR on this project and the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, who will be evaluating the project through the permitting
process; therefore, adjacent property owner notifications were not sent.
Agent Authorization Forms and Signatures
• Jan Trask, Land Protection Specialist with the NCDENR, Division of State Parks and
Recreation [phone], [e-mail], will contact CAMA and ensure that
the completed CAMA application signature pages and agent authorization form are
mailed to the CAMA office.
REGEiVEG
?,`??? _ 7 T, , E
Preliminary Plans for South Martha Washington Ditch
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
IZABETH CITY
Phase 1 - Contracting. Handled by the USFWS Region 5 Contracting Offic
Massachusetts. Start date May 15, 2011. Anticipated completion date June 15, 2011., -
Phase 2 - Bidding. Once contracting is completed, a request for bids will be sent out through
public notification. Anticipated start date June 15, 2011. Anticipated completion date July 15,
2011.
Phase 3 - Contractor selection. Contactor will be apprised of all site constraints. Anticipated
start date July 15 2011. Anticipated completion date July 30, 2011. Issue Notice to Proceed
August 26, 2011.
Phase 4 - Mobilization. After contractor selection, contractor will move equipment and material
to water control structure location #l, at the juncture of Corapeake Ditch and South Martha
Washington ditches. Due to limited space, equipment and material may have to be brought in on
an as needed basis. Anticipated start date September 1, 2011. Anticipated completion date
September 15, 2011.
Phase 5 - Construction of water control structure (WCS) #1 at the juncture of Corapeake Ditch
and South Martha Washington ditches. After coffer dams and bypass channel are constructed,
work will proceed on structure until completed. Anticipated start date September, 15 2011.
Anticipated completion date May 15, 2011. This extended time frame is due to potential
inadequate road conditions during the late fall through spring within the Great Dismal Swamp
Refuge and Dismal Swamp State Park.
Phase 6 - Construction of water control structure (WCS) #2 at the juncture of South Martha
Washington and Keyhole/Circle ditches. After coffer dams and bypass channel are constructed,
work will proceed on structure until completed. Construction of WCS #2 may be concurrent
with WCS 41. Anticipated start date December 15, 2011. Anticipated completion date August
30, 2012. This extended time frame is due to potential inadequate road conditions during the late
fall through spring within the Great Dismal Swamp Refuge and Dismal Swamp State Park.
Phase 7 - Install two culvert pipes underneath Corapeake Road connecting the north and south
sections of Western Boundary, Laurel and Myrtle ditches. These structures may be installed
after appropriate permit review if funding is available after WCS 41 and #2 are completed.
Phase 8 - Demobilization/Cleanup. Contractor will remove all debris, unused material and
equipment from Dismal Swamp State Park and Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
property. Contractor will restore all roads used for access and construction to pre-construction
conditions and stabilize any disturbed areas to E&S standards.
Rationale for the Proposed Work
Staff from North Carolina's Department of Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation,
Dismal Swamp State Park (DSSP), Ducks Unlimited, U.S Geological Survey, Great Dismal
Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GDSNWR) and Virginia Ecological Services Field Office
have met repeatedly over the last five years to discuss and formulate a plan for hydrologic
restoration in the northern section of DSSP and the southeastern section of the GDSNWR. The
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program has secured funding in
the amount of 1.3 million dollars, using match from both Ducks Unlimited and N.C. Wildlife
Resources Commission to undertake this work. There are several reasons proposed for the
construction of the two water control structures. The primary reason is to facilitate restoration of
the hydrology in this area of the park. Currently, South Martha Washington and Kim Saunders
ditches drain a significant section of the park directly out into the Dismal Swamp Canal. The
installation of weir #2 will restore, as much as is practicable, hydrology to the area drained by
Kim Saunders and the southern section of South Martha Washington Ditch (below
Keyhole/Circle Ditch). Facilitating wildfire suppression is also a major goal of this project. The
South One fire, which occurred in the summer of 2008, burned almost 5000 acres of the Great
Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge adjacent to the Dismal Swamp State Park's northwest
boundary. These efforts are consistent with the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources 2009-2013 Strategic Plan (2009). The project accomplishes this through
assisting in achieving elements of Goals 44, conserving natural areas and sustaining working
lands and 47, growing DENR's visitor attractions and nurturing North Carolina's natural
resources.
Potential Impacts to Dismal Swamp State Park
Fire Suppression/Prescribed Fire
A great benefit to the Dismal Swamp State Park will be the ability to provide a reliable source of
water for fire suppression in the event of a wildfire in this area of the park. Currently, water
levels are very low in both the southern and northern sections of South Martha Washington
Ditch, As well as Kim Saunders Ditch due to the lack of water control structures. This is
compounded by the drainage effects that the existing ditch network has on soils, resulting in
excessive drying, and creating much more hazardous fire conditions within the park. Prior to the
extensive ditching for forestry, the mineral and organic soils were saturated, frequently to the
surface and resisted ignition below the duff layer.
The ability to conduct prescribed burns on Dismal Swamp State Park and adjacent USFWS Great
Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge lands will be greatly enhanced by this hydrologic
restoration effort. Prescribed burns, if performed correctly under optimal, stable weather
conditions do not require significant water supplies. However, weather conditions may change
and wind speed and direction may increase, requiring adequate water to ensure fire control.
Currently, there is insufficient available water in Kim Saunders and South Martha Washington
Ditches to provide additional water for that control. This deficiency will be remedied by the
addition of these tow water control structures, which will have the ability to maintain
significantly higher water levels within the ditches and provide a source of water for fire control
and suppression, if necessary.
Habitat Impacts
This area of the Dismal Swamp State Park is recognized by the North Carolina Natural Heritage
Program as a Significant Natural Heritage Area, and is considered to contain ecological
resources that are among the best occurrences in North Carolina. The park is also part of the
Dismal Swamp macrosite and Green Sea megasite. The area between the Dismal Swamp Canal
and South Martha Washington Ditch, and southward from Corapeake Ditch to halfway between
Kim Saunders and Cross Canal Ditches is also a Registered Natural Heritage Area for log ferns
(Dryopteris species, including Dismal Swamp logfern, Dryopteris celsa). Apparently, logfems
have been transplanted there at some point in the past. Nickrent et al. (1978) considers logferns,
including the Dismal Swamp logfern, as ecotonal plants found in areas adjacent to swamps, but
seldom growing in inundated areas.
The western portion of the Dismal Swamp State Park area proposed for restoration includes
Pocosin and White Cedar Registered Natural Heritage Areas. Also included in this area are
natural heritage element occurrences for pond pine (Pinus serotina) woodland (pocosin), NHEO
ID 13860. When the pond pine pocosin was identified, the NC Natural heritage biologist noted
that red maple (Acer rubrum) was invading and that the pocosin was in need of a burn (LeGrand,
1994). Atlantic whitecedar, which typically grows in even-aged stands, also requires disturbance
in order to colonize an area. This can occur through natural events such as a fire or hurricane or
manmade such as logging. However, the subsequent recolonization or restoration of sites
apparently suitable for Atlantic white cedar may be difficult if not impossible, given current
conditions within the Park.
Laderman, et al. (1986) in discussing the Dismal Swamp in Virginia and North Carolina, stated
"Over the last two centuries natural outflow patterns have been almost completely obliterated,
and surface water now drains from the swamp through channelized outlets. Ground-water
discharge is significant:" "where the aquifer is breached, ground water drains from the swamp as
surface flow through outlet channels. In the latter case, the water is lost to the swamp; it may be
a major factor in the lowering of the swamp's general water level." The relationship of Atlantic
white cedar to fire and water appears paradoxical: cedar stands are destroyed by fire, but light
fire clears competition from the substrate surface, permitting cedar reproduction. A very hot
prolonged fire at low water burns off peat, which can result in more standing water. Cedar
seedlings are drowned by flooding; mature trees are stressed by permanent inundation.
However, flooding severe enough to kill undergrowth prepares a seedbed favorable to cedars,
and high moisture content is essential for cedar reproduction and growth." More importantly,
Laderman et al. states "The destructiveness of a fire is inversely related to the amount of water
present. For instance, at lower water, more peat burns. The deeper the peat burn, the lower the
possibility that viable seed will remain in the forest floor, and the lower the possibility that a new
cedar stand." As the recent South One fire indicated, burns during periods of low water table,
either due to anthropogenic manipulation or natural drought, can result in the loss of white cedar
stands and deep peat burns. The resultant lowering of the peat layer can preclude Atlantic white
cedar establishment.
Fish and Wildlife Impacts
There currently are no federally listed species within the project area. Red-cockaded
woodpecker (Picoides borealis), NHEO 15046, was historically in the Dismal Swamp. However
the last observed date for red-cockaded woodpecker located in the swamp is 1961. Additionally
Hessel's hairstreak (Callophrys hesseli), a state rare (S3, G3G4) butterfly whose host plant is
Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides), was identified from areas within the proposed
restoration area.
Impacts to fish are expected to be largely positive. The aquatic habitat that currently exists in the
ditch network with the park is manmade and would not have existed prior to forestry operations.
The ditches as they currently exist contain very little water and at times are completely dry. The
maintenance of water levels in South Martha Washington and Kim Saunders ditches will afford
reliable habitat for the species that already occur, including flier (Centrarchus macropterus),
black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus), yellow perch
(Perca flavescens), and bowfin (Amia calva).
Amphibians are expected to benefit primarily from increased soil/surface saturation and potential
restoration or increased longevity of vernal pools within the area of hydrologic influence.
Increased soil and surface litter moisture will reduce desiccation potential and the restoration and
increased residence time of vernal pools will allow greater breeding opportunities for amphibians
such as marbled salamanders (Ambystoma opacum) and Atlantic Coast slimy salamanders
(Plethodon chlorob onis) with this area of the park. Many amphibians are primarily active
nocturnally and their activity is proportional to the moisture levels. Other species such as the
carpenter frog (Rana vir ag tipes), which use the existing ditches for year round habitat while
species such as Cope's gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) and southern toad (Bu o terrestris) will
have more reliable breeding habitat as a result of this restoration project. Maintenance of more
stable water levels within the ditches may also increase submerged and emergent aquatic
vegetation within the ditches an vernal pools, particularly in areas of greater sunlight penetration.
Higher amounts of aquatic vegetation provide greater cover, breeding and nursery opportunities
for both amphibian and fish species.
Reptiles, particularly the aquatic species such as the eastern painted turtle (ChUsemys picta
picta), yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta scripta) and snakes such as the banded water
snake (Nerodia fasciata fasciata) and red-bellied water snake (Nerodia erythro aster
er ty hrogaster), which will have more suitable habitat and feeding opportunities.
Most mammals will be primarily unaffected by this project. Northern river otter, beaver. muskrat
and nutria will have more reliable water to utilize as habitat. Northern river otter will benefit
from increased fish and shellfish availability. The lack of canopy openings may limit the
establishment of emergent aquatic plants, which may in turn limit muskrat and nutria population
size with the ditches. Herbivores such as white-tailed deer and predators such as may benefit
from increase prey availability as a result of increased plant productivity.
Wetland impacts
Wetland impacts of this project within Dismal Swamp State Park are generally expected to be
positive. The primary permanent wetland impacts will be to open water or unvegetated
unconsolidated bottom wetlands which comprise the side slopes and bottom of the manmade
South Martha Washington, Kim Saunders, Corapeake Laurel, Myrtle and Western Boundary
ditches. However, impacts within these areas should be considered temporary, as there will be
an increase in unvegetated wetlands created within the ditches and an equal or greater amount of
vegetated wetlands re-established at a higher elevation within the ditches. An additional 286
square feet of vegetated wetlands and 3,665 square feet of unvegetated wetlands will be
permanently impacted from the placement of the riprap associated with the two water control
structures. These impacts are unavoidable if hydrology is to be restored in this section of the
park and are restricted to manmade wetlands i.e. ditches. Positive impacts to wetlands are
anticipated to be substantial and wide-ranging.
Visitor Impacts
The results of this project on park visitor impacts are expected to be primarily beneficial.
Wildlife viewing opportunities will be increased as a result of this project, primarily from the
extension of the trail across the lower water control structure and connecting the trail originating
at the visitor center with Corapeake Road. This will allow public access to a complete loop trail
of the park perimeter, with potentially more opportunities to observe and photograph wildlife.
It is not anticipated that there will be any reduction in access for motorized boats. While boats
can access the Keyhole or Circle Ditch through the stub ditch off the Dismal Swamp Canal,
access for motorized boat traffic is blocked by numerous downed trees and shallow water.
Access for canoes or kayaks is also blocked for these same reasons. Water access for canoes and
kayaks will be improved, particularly south of Keyhole/Circle Ditch after construction. Except
in periods of extreme drought, sufficient water will be available for canoeing and kayaking. Due
to the distance of weir #1 from the Keyhole\Circle Ditch, access up South Martha Washington
Ditch will be restricted from the Keyhole/Circle Ditch to weir 41 due to depth and downed trees.
No visitor access via motorized vehicles is currently available or will be allowed either on the
east or west portions of the trail, which will be reserved for Park and Refuge staff only for water
control structure and trail maintenance (typically clearing of downed trees).
Literature Cited
Laderman, A.D., M. Brody and E. Pendleton. 1989. The ecology of Atlantic white cedar
wetlands: A community profile. Biological report 85(7.21). U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Washington, DC. 114 pp.
LeGrand, H.E., Jr. 1994. Biological inventory of Dismal Swamp State Natural Area, North
Carolina. NC Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, Raleigh, NC.
Nickrent, D.L., L. J. Musselman, L. A. Pitchford, and D. W. Sampson. The Distribution and Ecology
of Dryopteris in Southeastern Virginia and Adjacent North Carolina. American Fern
Journal, Vol. 68(2):45-51
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2009.2009-2013 Strategic
Plan.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. List of Significant Natural
Heritage Areas. 2009. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Biennial Protection Plan.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North
Carolina, Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of
Parks and Recreation, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, MSC 1615,
Raleigh, North Carolina.
R.R. Sharitz and J.W. Gibbons. 1982. The ecology of southeastern shrub bogs (pocosins) and
Carolina bays: A community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
FWS/OBS-82-04 93 pp.
South Martha Washington Hydrology Restoration
Mitigation Proposal
Mitigation is not currently proposed for this project. The direct and permanent impacts to vegetated and non
vegetated wetlands, all of which occur in manmade ditches, are small. Total permanent impacts are 286 square
feet of vegetated wetland impacts and 3,665 square feet of unvegetated wetland impacts. These ditch wetland
impacts are unavoidable if scour protection is to be ensured for this project.
However, if is deemed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District, CAMA or another state
agency having regulatory authority over wetland impacts, a similar square footage of the resulting offsetting
vegetated wetland restoration resulting from re-hydration of the soils in the former wetlands adjacent to the
ditches will provide any offsetting mitigation requirement. Based on the soils present on site and verified by
field sampling (see enclosed soils and hydrology section in the wetland delineation), it is estimated that a
minimum of 1,791,240 ft2 or 41 acres of restored forested wetlands along South Martha Washington Ditch and
7,852,288 f 2 or 180 acres along Corapeake, Kim Saunders, Laurel, Myrtle and Western Boundary ditches for a
minimum total of 221 acres of restored forested wetlands. This equates to the area delineated in the enclosed
map (Figure 1) identified as effectively drained wetlands.
The area of enhanced wetlands as a result of restoring a more natural higher water table through the flattening
the hydraulic gradient restoring and maintaining saturation to the soil surface in these peat based soils is much
greater and can extend out many thousands of feet. Based on soil properties listed in soils survey manuals for
the two soil types on found in the project area, Pungo and Belhaven soils series typically have a depth to
seasonal water table varying from 0-6 inches below the ground surface and a depth of ponding from 0 to 3 feet.
Due to the drainage effect of these ditches, neither near surface seasonal groundwater or ponding is currently
occurring in these drained sites.
This is clearly illustrated in the enclosed figure (Figure 2) in the area known as Block C1, underlain by Pungo
soils. This site, monitored by the US Geological Survey, contains arrays deep and shallow wells in two
transects running at right angles through the middle across this roughly mile square tract. The block, bonded by
Western Boundary, Myrtle, Corapeake and Sycamore ditches, has control of water levels with the ditches on
three of the four sides and partial control on the fourth side. Even with full to partial water control on ditches,
the ditch with partial control creates a hydrologic gradient, beginning approximately halfway or 2500 feet from
the ditch with partial control. The most severe effects are within 250 feet of the partially drained ditch, where
the surficial groundwater table is depressed 2-2.5 feet from the ground surface, even during the wetter part of
the year prior to leaf out and the subsequent spike in transpiration and drawdown. This is illustrated by the
orange dotted line in the enclosed figure.
Without any control, as is in the case of the sections of Laurel, Myrtle, Western Boundary, Kim Saunders,
South Martha Washington and Corapeake considered by this proposal, drainage effects can be more extensive.
An illustration of what would occur with full water control established is shown by the addition of the yellow
and purple dotted lines. This represents what would occur when the gradient flatten after raising the water
levels before the beginning of the growing season and after it has begun raising the water level to within one
foot of the surface or less over 2500 feet from the ditches.
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Wetland Delineation - General Description
RECEIVED
JUN -7 2.011
Normal Water Lines (NWL) are clearly established in the ditches that are CUW(46AW? E ,water
control within the Dismal Swamp State Park and Great Dismal Swamp -a iona i ire
Refuge. These areas are marked by lack of vegetation below the line, and moss lines and other
vegetation above the line. These elevations vary from 3-8 feet below the elevation of the
existing ground surface.
South Martha Washington Ditch runs along the western boundary of the project area and is
underlain by Bellhaven muck soil (see Figure 1). The effect of this ditch, based on the scope and
effect equation which, after factoring in NWL level, is 5 typically feet or more below ground
surface, is that it drains a minimum of 177 feet from the ditch. It is likely much more since the
effective barrier of a silty to sandy clay loam at approximately 4 feet is intersected by this ditch
and drainage occurs above and below this layer. At approximately 10,120 linear feet of ditch,
this would equate to a minimum of 1,791,240 ft2 or 41 acres of drained forested wetlands on
west side of South Martha Washington Ditch (see Figure 2).
In the areas mapped as Pungo muck (see Figure 1), which encompasses the remaining portions of
the Dismal Swamp State Park portion of the project site, the scope and effect equation calculates
that approximately 37 to 57 feet of drainage is affected based on a 3-4 foot deep ditch. These
depths equate to the depth from the ground surface adjacent to the Normal Water Lines along
these ditches. Even taking the low number of 37 feet of drainage, the anticipated drained
wetlands equals 7,852,288 ft2 or 180 acres. As a result of the lack of water control in these
forested areas adjacent to the ditches, it is anticipated that a minimum of 221 acres are
effectively drained former wetlands (see Figure 2).
However, the entire project area contains peat-based soils. If unaltered by drainage, these soils
would normally be saturated to the surface throughout much of the year. The forested areas that
may be jurisdictional wetlands but are hydrologically altered due to a steepening subsurface
hydraulic gradient caused by the ditches, causing sufficient drying to allow subsidence and
oxidation is much greater and can extend out many thousands of feet from the ditches, based on
discussions with Bill Widener, a drainage engineer and Greg Hammer, a soil scientist. Both
have worked for the Natural Resources Conservation Service for decades and have a great deal
of experience with soils and drainage issues related to soils, including those peat based soils in
the area surrounding the Dismal Swamp.
Soils
Soils were generally mapped accurately. All soils, with the exception of those disturbed by
excavation were organic histosols (see Figure 1). Disturbed soils, particularly those that
comprised the sidecast material that formed the berms and roads throughout the site, were a mix
of fine sand, sandy clay loam, sandy loam and mucky peat and muck, with some areas of peat.
In those areas not directly affected by sidecasting material, the uppermost 3-4 feet of the soil
profile is typically mucky peat to peat, though dry.
In the area mapped as the Bellhaven muck, which runs in a band north and south adjacent to
South Martha Washington Ditch and the Dismal Swamp Canal, the soil profile consists of
approximately 4 feet of mucky peat to peat. Below that organic layer, a sandy clay loam to silty
clay loam of 6 to 12 inches is present. This layer may form an aquitard or semi-impermeable
layer. Below this layer, a stratum of fine. sand is present that continues for many feet, based on
the geotechnical borings for the water control structures. This layer is intersected by the ditches
in the area and it appears that where the top of this sand layer intersects the ditches, it constitutes
a discharge area, draining the soil.
The areas that are mapped as Pungo muck contain organic layers beginning at the surface that are
much deeper. Soil. sampling in these areas revealed mucky peat to muck continuing to the depth
of coring, in this case the depth of the auger, approximately 5 feet. Water elevations here
appeared controlled by the water elevation within the ditches and distance from the ditches and
not by an aquitard, such as may be the case with the Bellhaven mapped soils.
Although the soils were effectively drained adjacent to the ditches and extending out anywhere
from 37 to 177 feet at a minimum, they matched those soils mapped for the area and met the
definition for hydric soils. This parameter was met for all soils sampled not consisting of
excavated materials.
Vegetation
Vegetation within the project area is indicative of a second or third growth, disturbed wetland
system. Red maple (Acer rubrum), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and pond pine (Pinus serotina)
form the dominant canopy species in much of the area. Some areas also contain sweetbay
magnolia (Magnolia virginiana) and redbay (Persea palustris) as co-dominants. Most notably,
Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyioides), which historically was a dominant species in
large sections of the historic Dismal Swamp, including the Dismal Swamp State Park and Great
Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, is not capable of significant natural regeneration due
to severe hydrologic modifications, competition from more opportunistic species such as red
maple and loblolly pine and the lack of natural disturbance.
The sapling layers, where present, typically consists of red maple and redbay as co-dominants,
with pawpaw (Asimina triloba), redbay and sweetbay magnolia as co-dominants in areas.
Sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia) forms the dominant shrub layer in much of the areas
sampled, though red maple, sweetbay magnolia, red bay and southern highbush blueberry
(Vaccinium formosum) can represent co-dominants in some areas. Dominant shrubs also
included coastal doghobble (Leucothoe axillaris), fetterbush (Eubotrys racemosa), (Lyonia
lucida), inkberry (Ilex glabra) and gallberry (Ilex coriacea), particularly in the southwestern
section of the project area.
Herbaceous species were dominated by woody species in most areas, with the exception of areas
directly adjacent to the ditch water surface and drawdown fringe area. Sweet pepperbush
dominated most areas, with occasional dominants including red maple, pawpaw, redbay, coastal
doghobble, fetterbush and vines such as Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), round-
leaved grape (Vitis rotundifolia) and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans).
Dominants in the vine layer, where present, varied depending on the amount of sunlight present.
Near ditches, roads and more open canopy areas, laurel greenbrier (Smilax laurifolia) dominated.
Other vines which at times formed co-dominants included Carolina jessamine (Gelsemium
sempervirens), poison ivy, Virginia creeper, Alabama supplejack (Berchemia scandens), glaucus
greenbrier (Smilax glauca), round-leaved grape and crossvine (Bignonia capreolata).
For those areas adjacent to the ditches and influenced by the zone of saturation or inundation,
only the herb layer was significantly different. Here herbaceous species included netted chain
fern (Woodwardia areolata), Virginia chain fern (Woodwardia virginica), cinnamon fern,
(Osmunda cinnamomea), royal fern (Osmunda regalis). Areas just above the OHW line also
contained various species of moss, occasionally growing with unidentified liverworts.
Dominant plant species in the areas sampled were facultative or wetter and met the definition for
hydrophytic vegetation. This parameter was met for all sites sampled.
Hydrology
This parameter was met for those sites within the ditches subject to saturation or inundation. In
addition to surface hydrology and saturation, moss trim lines, blackened leaves, algal mats and
other primary and secondary indicators of hydrology were present. However, this parameter
was not met for the sites sampled outside of the areas subject to saturation or inundation within
the boundaries of the existing ditches. It should be noted that data points only extended 50 -100
feet outward from the existing ditches, to characterize the drainage effects near the ditches and to
establish that drainage effects extend outside of the ditches for some distance, including the areas
proposed for temporary and permanent construction impacts. Based on the depths of the ditches
in relation to the soils through which the ditches are excavated, the drainage effects as related to
jurisdictional wetlands would be a minimum of 177 feet for Bellhaven soils and a minimum of
37 feet for Pungo soils, based on a 3 foot deep ditch, after accounting for NWL (see Figure 2).
Ditches, particularly Corapeake and South Martha Washington, are significantly deeper than 5
feet, even if the NWL line is factored in and the drainage effects are likely to be substantially
greater than these numbers.
Recent nested well monitoring by the USGS and Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
staff in an area containing soils that match Pungo muck, illustrates a drainage effect that extends
outward from the ditches up to one half mile or more. In what is known as the C 1 block,
bounded by Corapeake Ditch to the south, Western Boundary Ditch to the west, Myrtle Ditch to
the east and Sycamore Ditch to the north, hydrology was monitored for over one year. Of
particular interest is that there is water control on Western Boundary, Corapeake and Myrtle
Ditches and partial control on Sycamore Ditch, which has a water control structure at the
junction of Sycamore and South Martha Washington Ditch, 2 miles to the east. However, this
structure is not fully functioning and allows significant leakage, resulting in a draining effect on
the north side of C1 Block. As you can see from the enclosed figure, even with complete water
control on three of the four sides and partial control on one side, there is a significant drainage
effect approximately up to 250 feet from Sycamore Ditch effectively draining this area and a
subsurface hydrologic gradient that develops, extending at least to the center of the block.
Bill Widener visited the site. His general comments regarding effect were that these ditches
allow the rapid removal of surface waters that otherwise may be ponded or stand for long periods
of time. The removal of the surface waters immediately allows more heating, drying, and
evaporation from the soil surface. In situations where the water table falls with the season, the
removal of the surface water removes the water source to extend the wetting of the soil profile.
This can sometimes be a greater impact than the subsurface drainage. In the case of subsurface
drainage, the soil characteristics greatly affect or contribute to the amount of drainage. In the
case where highly permeable soil strata exist, such as the Dismal Swamp, the impact for these
ditches can reach thousands of feet. This observation was supported by Greg Hammer, a NRCS
soil scientist who has experience in soil work in the Dismal Swamp, who expected the ditching
to have huge lateral effects based on the permeability of the organics and the underlying
material.

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South Martha Washington Hydrology Restoratio
Estimated Project Impacts
Direct Project Impacts from Water Control Structure Construction
Temporary Impacts within Existing Ditches
Northern water control structure (Weir 1)
RECEIVED
?1?JlV - 7 ? s
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
ELIZABETH CITY
Bypass channel/pipe excavation impacts
Unvegetated impacts: 3 feet deep (high) X 7 feet wide X 2 (each side) 42 square feet
Vegetated impacts: 1 foot deep (high) X 7 feet wide X 2 =14 square feet
Coffer dam placement
Unvegetated wetland impacts: 28 feet wide X 34 feet long = 952 square feet X 3 feet deep =
2856 cubic feet/27 = 106 cubic yards
Vegetated wetland impacts: 34 wide X 1 deep (high) X 2 = 68 square feet
Transition from riprap to grade upstream
Unvegetated wetland impacts: 28 feet wide X 30 feet long = 840 square feet X 0.5 = 420 cubic
feet/27 = 16 cubic yards
Vegetated wetlands impacts: 30 feet long X 1 foot deep (high) X 2 = 60 square feet
Southern water control structure (Weir 2)
Bypass channel/pipe excavation impacts
Unvegetated impacts 3 feet deep (high) X 7 feet wide X 2 (each side) 42 square feet
Vegetated impacts 1 foot deep (high) X 7 feet wide X 2 = 14 square feet
Coffer dam placement
Unvegetated wetland impacts 22 feet wide X 34 feet long = 748 square feet X 3 feet deep = 2244
cubic feet/27 = 83 cubic yards
Vegetated wetland impacts 34 X 1 X 2 = 68 square feet
Transition from riprap to grade upstream
Unvegetated wetland impacts: 22 feet wide X 20 feet long = 440 square feet X 0.5 = 220 cubic
feet/27 = 8.0 cubic yards
Vegetated wetlands impacts: 20 feet long X 1 foot deep (high) X 2 = 40 square feet
Total Temporary Impacts from both Structures within Existing Ditches
Unvegetated wetland impacts = 3064 square feet, 5740 cubic feet/ 213 cubic yards
Vegetated wetland impacts = 264 square feet
Permanent Impacts within Existing Ditches
Northern water control structure (Weir 1)
(A) Riprap scour apron below structure (75 feet long X 28 feet wide X 2.5 feet deep)
(B) Riprap above structure (11.5 feet long X 28 feet wide X 2 feet deep)
(A)
• 150 square feet of vegetated wetland impacts (2 feet X 75 feet)
• 2,100 square feet of unvegetated wetland impacts (75 feet X 28 feet)
• 5,250 cubic feet/ 194.0 cubic yards excavation and fill (2.5 feet deep X 2100 square feet)
(B)
• 23 square feet of vegetated wetland impacts (2 feet X 11.5 feet)
• 322 square feet of unvegetated wetland impacts (11.5 feet X 28 feet)
• 644 cubic feet/ 24.0 cubic yards excavation and fill (2.0 feet deep X 322 square feet)
Totals for permanent impacts for Northern structure (Weir 2)
173 square feet of vegetated wetland impacts (2 feet X 86.5 feet)
2,422 square feet of unvegetated wetland impacts (86.5 feet X 28 feet)
5,894 cubic feet/218.0 cubic yards of excavation and stone riprap fill
Southern water control structure (Weir 2)
(A) Riprap scour apron below structure (46 feet long X 22 feet wide X 2.5 feet deep)
(B) Riprap above structure (10.5 feet long X 22 feet wide X 2 feet deep)
(A)
• 92 square feet of vegetated wetland impacts (2 feet X 46 feet)
• 1,012 square feet of unvegetated wetland impacts (46 feet X 22 feet)
• 2,024 cubic feet/ 75.0 cubic yards excavation and fill (2 feet deep X 1012 square feet)
(B) • 21 square feet of vegetated wetland impacts (2 feet X 10.5 feet)
• 231 square feet of unvegetated wetland impacts (10.5 feet X 22 feet)
• 462 cubic feet/ 17 cubic yards excavation and fill (2 feet deep X 231 square feet)
Totals for permanent impacts for Southern structure (Weir 2)
113 square feet of vegetated wetland impacts (2 feet X 56.5 feet)
1,243 square feet of unvegetated wetland impacts (56.5 feet X 22 feet)
2,486 cubic feet/92.0 cubic yards of excavation and stone riprap fill
Total Permanent Impacts from both Structures within Existing Ditches
286 square feet of vegetated wetland impacts
3,665 square feet of unvegetated wetland impacts
8,380 cubic feet/310 cubic yards of excavation and stone riprap fill
Back Flooding Impacts within Existing Ditches (Temporary)*
These are estimates based on average ditch widths and measurements along the ditches as
follows:
1. Corapeake Ditch from Laurel Ditch to South Martha Washington - 8550 feet long X 20 feet
wide.
2. South Martha Washington Ditch from the N. structure (Weir 1) to Sycamore Ditch - 5600
feet long X 26 feet wide. 845 feet of this section of SMW Ditch is located in North Carolina.
The remainder in Virginia.
3. South Martha Washington Ditch from the S. structure (Weir 2) to Kim Saunders Ditch -
4520 feet long X 26 feet wide.
4. Kim Saunders Ditch from Western Boundary Ditch to South Martha Washington Ditch -
28,516 linear feet X 21 feet wide.
5. Western Boundary Ditch from Corapeake Ditch to Kim Saunders Ditch - 5330 linear feet X
22 feet wide.
6. Myrtle Ditch from Corapeake Ditch to Kim Saunders Ditch - 5330 linear feet X 20 feet
wide.
7. Laurel Ditch from Corapeake Ditch to Kim Saunders Ditch - 5330 linear feet X 21 feet wide.
Open water/Non-vegetated wetlands within Existing Ditches
1. 171,100 square feet/3.9 acres
2. 145,600 square feet /3.3 acres (16,900 square feet/0.38 acres in North Carolina, balance in
Virginia)
3. 81,360 square feet/1.9 acres
4. 598,836 square feet/13.7 acres
5. 117,260 square feet/2.7 acres
6. 106,600 square feet/2.4 acres
7. 111,930 square feet/2.6 acres
Total temporary open water/non-vegetated wetland impacts 30.5 acres. These acreages will be
replaced by like or greater amount within same ditches impacted.
Vegetated Wetlands within Existing Ditches
1. 17,100 square feet/0.39 acres
2. 11,200 square feet/0.26 acres (1,690 square feet, 0.039 acres in North Carolina, balance in
Virginia)
3. 9,040 square feet/0.21 acres
4. 57,032 square feet/1.3 I acres
5. 10,660 square feet/0.24 acres
6. 10,660 square feet/0.24 acres
7. 10,660 square feet/0.24 acres
Total temporary vegetated wetland impacts 2.89 acres. This will be replaced by like or greater
amount of vegetated wetlands within same ditches impacted.
*Note: The back flooding impacts will be temporary in that there will be no solid fill with the
ditches and those open water/unvegetated wetlands will increase in size (acreage) as the water
level in the ditches is raised in elevation. The vegetated wetland impacts will occur entirely
within the confines of the ditch boundaries and established as a result of the current water
elevation within the ditch, as seen at other ditches (Corapeake, Western Boundary, Myrtle etc.)
with water control in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. Once the new water
elevation is established, a vegetated wetland fringe will establish at and above that elevation,
replacing that which was impacted during backflooding. This can be seen at the ditches where
water control is in place in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, such as
Corapeake Ditch west of Forest Line Road and Ditch. Therefore, no net loss of vegetated
wetlands is anticipated.
RECEIVED
Vw.
North Carolina Department of Cultural R COASTAL MANAGEMENT
sources?LfZABETFi c?TY
State Historic Preservation Office
Peter B. Sandbeck, Administrator
Beverly Eaves Perdue, Governor Office of Archives and I listory
Linda A. Carlisle, Secretary Division of I listorical Resources
Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary David Brook, Director
July 21, 2009
MEMORANDUM
TO: Amin Davis
Division of Parks and Recreation
Natural Resources Program
FROM: Peter Sandbeck egg,?j? Pt4a?-
SUBJECT: Water Control Structures, Martha Washington Canal Project, Dismal Swamp State Park,
Camden County, ER 09-1576
Thank you for your letter of July 8, 2009, concerning the above project.
We have conducted a review of the project and are aware of no historic resources which would be affected by
the project. Therefore, we have no comment on the project as proposed.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR
Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above comment,
please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919-807-6579. In all future
communication concerning this project, please cite the above-referenced tracking number.
Location: 109 Fast Jones Street, Raleigh NC 27601 Mailing Address: 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4617 Telephone/Fax: ()19) 807-0570/807-6599
relative to individual and water level in relation to ground surface.
Proposed location for Weir 1 (Northern structure) on SMW Ditch. Note ditch depth
relntinn to urnnnd cnrfncP
Proposed location for Weir 2 (Southern structure) on SMW Ditch. Note water level in
Non functional water control structure in SMW Ditch north of proposed Weir 2
location
connection between Corapeake Ditch and Western Boundary Ditch, similar to Myrtle and
Laurel Ditches. All drain south to Kim Saunders Ditch.
Dead end of Western Boundary Ditch where it terminates near Corapeake Road. No
View across Western Boundary Ditch. Note area of drawdown and water elevation in
relation to adjacent ground surface.
function, leaking water to South Martha Washington Ditch
Water Control structure at Sycamore and South Martha Washington Ditches. Partial
South Martha Washington Ditch South of Sycamore Ditch (South of Corapeake Ditch). Note
water level in relation to soil surface
(between Laurel and South Martha Washington Ditches.
Laurel in GDSNWR. Note soil saturation directly adjacent to ditch. This is target condition
for hvdrologv restoration for South Martha Washington restoration work.
One part of the USGS hydrologic monitoring well network for C1 Block (between Western
Boundary and Myrtle Ditches. This same array is currently being set up in C3 Block
Water levels in North Laurel Ditch upstream of water control structure at Corapeake and
Laurel Ditches. Water levels are at soil surface adjacent to shrub and forested area. This is
target condition for hydrology restoration for South Martha Washington restoration work.
Water levels in Corapeake Ditch upstream of water control structure at Corapeake and
Burned area in South One Fire site. Note exposed roots resulting from deep peat burn (loss
of peat) of 2-3 feet resulting from low water levels in ditch. Restoration of hydrology and
subseauent soil re-saturation will reduce the likelihood of this occurrence-
South Martha Washington Wetla ds Restoration
Project Overview Map, RECEIVED tit,
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