20041529 Ver 1_Mitigation Information_20070202

DR. J.H. CARTER III & ASSOCIATES, INC.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891 • Southern Pines, N.C. 28388
[phone] 9 Fax [phone]
31 January 2007
Mr. Ian McMillan
N.C. Division of Water Quality
401 Oversight Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Re: NCDWQ # 2551
USACOE # 200500164
Mining Permit # 77-04
Dear Mr. McMillan:
Enclosed you will find the 2006 Wetland Mitigation and Reclamation Report for the
Southern Products and Silica Company near Hoffman in Richmond County. The Rankin Lake
Fan and the Tyner Lake Fan-East were monitored for the final time in 2006. Restoration within
these areas is considered a success based on the criteria described in Water Quality Certification
2551.
Please review the enclosed report and let us know when you would like to schedule a site
visit to evaluate these areas (growing season would be best). Thank you for your time and please
let us know if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
Tracy Rush
CC: Mr. Mickey Sugg - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mr. Ken Averitte - N.C. Division of Water Quality - Fayetteville Office
N.C. Division of Land Resources
Mr. C.K. Smith - Southern Products and Silica Co. i FRY tea o U" W
FEB 2 - 2007
DENR - WATER QUALITY
''VETLANDS A O STORWWA„'ER BRANCH
Endangered Species Surveys 9 Environmental Assessments 9 Land Management • Wetlands Mapping and Permitting
s
2006 WETLAND MITIGATION
AND RECLAMATION REPORT
FOR
SOUTHERN PRODUCTS AND SILICA, INC.,
HOFFMAN, RICHMOND COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Mining Permit No. 77-04
401 Water Quality Certification No. 2551
USACE Action ID No. 200500164
Prepared By:
Ms. Tracy Rush and Dr. J.H. Carter III
Dr. J.H. Carter III and Associates, Inc.
Environmental Consultants
515F Midland Road
Southern Pines, NC 28387
Submitted:
31 January 2007
To:
N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Land Quality Section
1612 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
S
2006 WETLAND MITIGATION
AND RECLAMATION REPORT
FOR
SOUTHERN PRODUCTS AND SILICA, INC.,
HOFFMAN, RICHMOND COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
INTRODUCTION
This report, prepared in accordance with State of North Carolina Land Quality Permit No.
77-04 and Water Quality Certification No. 2551, outlines wetland mitigation and monitoring and
reclamation activities at Southern Products and Silica Company, Inc., during 2006.
Southern Products and Silica Company is located directly south of and adjacent to
Drowning Creek, on the west side of United States (US) Highway 1, in northeastern Richmond
County, North Carolina (NC) (Figure 1). The mine site is located adjacent to forested wetlands,
as described in the permit documentation dated 22 October 1990 by J.H. Carter III. Existing
trees growing on wetlands onsite include swamp black gum (Nyssa biflora), bald/pond cypress
(Taxodium distichum/ascendens), red maple (Acer rubrum), sweet gum (Liquidambar
styraciflua), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), pond pine (Pinus
serotina) and Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides).
Wetland mitigation activities at the mine in 2006 consisted of the collection of annual
data from 2 reference plots, 1 monitoring plot within the Rankin mitigation area, 1 monitoring
plot within the newer portion of the Tyner mitigation area and 1 monitoring plot within a newly
created area of the Rankin mitigation area (Mushroom Fan).
WETLAND MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
Wetland mitigation activities took place at 3 sites at the mine in 2006, a newer portion of
the mitigation area at Tyner Lake (Tyner Lake Fan-East), the Rankin Lake Fan mitigation area
and a newly created area of the Rankin mitigation area (Mushroom Fan) (Figure 2). Activities
consisted of planting tree seedlings, assessing planted tree seedlings and wetland vegetation
monitoring.
Figure 1. Location of the Southern Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffman,
Richmond County, North Carolina.
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VEGETATION MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Vegetation monitoring plots were established in 1992 in order to monitor the success of
the wetland mitigation activities. A monitoring plot was established in 2 undisturbed wetland
areas adjacent to the mine site (Figure 2). These plots (Reference Forest Ecosystems (RFE))
serve as a reference for the mitigation areas and were monitored for the 14th year in 2005.
In addition to the RFEs, mitigation monitoring plots (Reclamation Monitoring Plots
(RMP)) were established on the original Tyner Lake Fan-West in 1992 (RMP #1), on Rankin
Lake Fan in 2001 (RMP #2), on the new Tyner Lake Fan-East in 2002 (RMP #3) and on the
newly created Mushroom Fan in 2006 (RMP #4) (Figure 2). Data were collected at RMP #2,
RMP #3 and RMP 94 in 2006. Restoration of the Tyner Lake Fan-West (RMP #1) is considered
complete and no plot data has been collected since 2003.
Reference Plot Data Collection:
RFE#1: Data were collected from all reference plots in October 2006. Dominant tree
species in RFE Plot #1, located in an Atlantic white cedar stand (Figure 2), consisted of white
cedar, red maple, sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana) and tulip poplar (Tables 1 and 3). Dominant
shrub species were fetterbush (Lyonia lucida), sweet gallberry (Ilex coriacea) and red bay
(Persea borbonia). Dominant herbaceous species were cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea)
and netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata). Dominant non-flowering ground cover species
were peat moss (Sphagnum sp.) and common liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha).
RFE #2: Dominant tree species in RFE Plot #2, located in the cypress-gum swamp
adjacent to Drowning Creek (Figure 2), consisted of swamp black gum, red maple and sweet
gum, with evidence of previous dominance by bald or pond cypress from the presence of
numerous stumps (Tables 1 and 4). Dominant shrub species were sweet pepperbush (Clethra
alnifolia), titi (Cyrilla racemiflora), Virginia sweetspire (Itea virginica) and American holly (Ilex
opaca). Dominant herbs and vines were sedges (Carex spp.), elongated lobelia (Lobelia
elongata), netted chain-fern, crossvine (Bignonia capreolata) and laurel-leaf greenbrier (Smilax
laurifolia). Other ground cover species included mosses and liverworts.
4
Species composition in the 2 RFE Plots has not shifted significantly during the past 10
years of monitoring. RFE Plot #1 has undergone some cover changes due to a storm event in
2000 and a prolonged drought.
Mitigation Plot Data Collection:
RMP #2: Data from RMP #2 located on Rankin Lake Fan (Figure 2) were collected for
the sixth and final year in October 2006 (Tables 2 and 5). Planted Atlantic white cedar, bald
cypress, swamp black gum and pond pine were present in RMP #2 and are slowly increasing in
cover. The plot was partially flooded at the time of monitoring and consisted of 5-10 percent (%)
open water. The dominant herbaceous species in RMP #2 were wool grass (Scirpus cyperinus),
bunched beakrush (Rhynchospora cephalantha), clustered beakrush (Rhynchospora glomerata)
and broom-sedge (Andropogon virginicus). Herbaceous diversity was similar to 2005.
The Rankin Lake Fan including RMP #2 is continuing to vegetate with herbaceous
vegetation (Appendix A). Herbaceous vegetation will continue to colonize and species diversity
will increase with time.
RMP #3: Data from RMP #3, located on Tyner Lake Fan-East (Figure 2), were collected
for the fifth and final year in October 2006 (Tables 2 and 6). Planted Atlantic white cedar, bald
cypress, swamp black gum and pond pine were present in RMP #3. The monitoring plot was
dominated by a combination of planted seedlings, bunched beakrush, clustered beakrush,
clubmoss (Lycopodium appressum), spoon-leaf sundew (Drosera intermedia) and several species
of yellow-eyed grass (Xyris spp.) (Appendix B).
RMP #4: Data from RMP #4, located on the Mushroom Fan (Figure 2), were collected
for the first year in October 2006 (Tables 2 and 7). Planted bald cypress and swamp black gum
were present in RMP #4. Approximately 50% of the monitoring plot consisted of bare ground
and/or standing water, other areas were dominated by a combination of planted seedlings, wool
grass, red-pod rush (Juncus trigonocarpus) and long-beak baldrush (Rhynchospora scirpoides)
(Appendix C).
r
Table 1. Relative cover in 2006 of dominant plant species in Reference Forest Ecosystem (RFE)
Plots #1 and #2, Southern Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffinan,
Richmond County, North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover

RFE #1 Trees Chamaecyparis thyoides 25 - 50%
Acer rubrum 25 - 50%
Liriodendron tulipifera 25 - 50%
Magnolia virginiana 10 - 25%
Shrubs Ilex coriacea 25 - 50%
Persea borbonia 10 - 25%
Lyonia lucida 10 - 25%
Vaccinium corymbosum 2- 5%
Gaylussacia frondosa 2- 5%
Clethra alnifolia 1- 2%
Herbs Osmunda cinnamomea 5 - 10%
Woodwardia areolata 1- 2%
RFE #2 Trees
Nyssa biflora
Acer rubrum
Liquidambar styraciflua
50 - 75%
25 - 50%
10 - 25%
Shrubs flex opaca
Cyrilla racemiflora
Clethra alnifolia
Itea virginica
Herbs Carex spp.
Woodwardia areolata
Lobelia elongata
Vines Bignonia capreolata
Smilax laurifolia
50 - 75%
25 - 50%
5-10%
1-2%
1-2%
0-1%
0-1%
1-2%
1-2%
6

Table 2. Relative cover in 2006 of dominant plant species in Reclamation Monitoring Plots
(RMP) #2, #3 and #4, Southern Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffinan,
Richmond County, North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover
Rankin Lake Fan (est. 2000)
RMP #2 (no dominant over- or understory)
Bare Ground/Standing Water 1-2%
Tree Chamaecyparis thyoides 2-5%
Seedlings/ Nyssa biflora 2-5%
Saplings Pinus serotina 2-5%
Taxodium distichum 2-5%
Herbs Rhynchospora glomerata 5-10%
Scirpus cyperinus 5-10%
Andropogon virginicus 1-2%
Eleocharis tuberculosa 1-2%
Rhynchospora cephalantha 0-1%
Tyner Lake Fan-East (est. 2001)
RMP #3 (no dominant over- or understory)
Bare Ground/Standing Water 1-2%
Tree Taxodium distichum 2-5%
Seedlings Chamaecyparis thyoides 1-2%
Nyssa biflora 1-2%
Pinus serotina 1-2%
Herbs Xyris jupicai 25-50%
Lycopodium appressum 10-25%
Rhynchospora cephalantha 2-5%
Rhynchospora glomerata 2-5%
Juncus tenuis 2-5%
Drosera intermedia 2-5%
Utricularia cornuta 1-2%
7
Table 2. Continued.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover
Mushroom Fan (est. 2006)
RMP #4 (no dominant over- or understory)
Bare Ground/Standing Water 25-50%
Tree Nyssa biflora 0-1%
Seedlings Taxodium distichum 0-1%
Herbs Rhynchospora scirpoides 0-1%
Scirpus cyperinus 0-1%
Juncus dichotomus 0-1%
Juncus trigonocarpus 0-1%
Xyris jupicai 0-1%
Eleocharis microcarpa 0-1%
c
Table 3. 2006 plant species list for Reference Forest Ecosystem (RFE) Plot #1,
Southern Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffinan, Richmond County,
North Carolina.
Plot Class Species
RFE #1 Trees Acer rubrum
Chamaecyparis thyoides
Liquidambar styraciflua
Liriodendron tulipifera
Shrubs Clethra alnifolia
Gaylussacia frondosa
flex coriacea
flex opaca
Itea virginica
Lindera subcoriacea
Herbs/ Asplenium platyneuron
Vines Chimophila maculata
Marchantia polymorpha
Osmunda cinnamomea
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Peltandra virginica
Rhus copallina
Rubus sp.
Magnolia virginiana
Pinus serotina
Quercus phellos
Quercus nigra
Lyonia lucida
Myrica heterophylla
Persea borbonia
Rhododendron nudiflorum
Vaccinium corymbosum
Smilax laurifolia
Smilax rotundifolia
Sphagnum sp.
Tipularia discolor
Toxicodendron radicans
Vitis rotundifolia
Woodwardia areolata
9

Table 4. 2006 plant species list for Reference Forest Ecosystem (RFE) Plot #2,
Southern Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffinan, Richmond County,
North Carolina.
Plot Class Species
RFE #2 Trees Acer rubrum
flex opaca
Liquidambar styraciflua
Liriodendron tulipifera
Magnolia virginiana
Shrubs Clethra alnifolia
Cyrilla racemiflora
flex amelanchier
flex glabra
Itea virginica
Herbs/ Bignonia capreolata
Vines Carex glaucescens
Carex spp.
Chasmanthium laxum
Hypericum sp.
Lobelia elongata
Lycopus virginicus
Panicum sp.
Nyssa biflora
Pinus serotina
Quercus phellos
Taxodium distichum/ascendens
Leucothoe axillaris
Lyonia lucida
Vaccinium corymbosum
Viburnum nudum
Phoradendron serotinum
Smilax laurifolia
Smilax rotundifolia
Sphagnum sp.
Toxicodendron radicans
Tremella mesenterica
Vitis rotundifolia
Woodwardia areolata
10

Table 5. 2006 plant species list for Reclamation Monitoring Plot (RMP) #2 (Rankin Lake Fan),
Southern Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffman, Richmond County,
North Carolina.
Plot Class Species
Rankin Lake Fan
RMP #2 (no dominant over- or understory)
Tree Acer rubrum Pinus serotina
Seedlings/ Chamaecyparis thyoides Pinus taeda
Saplings Liquidambar styraciflua Quercus sp.
Liriodendron tulipifera Taxodium distichum
Nyssa biflora
Shrubs flex opaca
Herbs Andropogon virginicus Lycopus virginicus
Brasenia schreberi Panicum dichotomum
Carex glaucescens Panicum scabriusculum
Dulichium arundinaceum Panicum verrucosum
Eleocharis microcarpa Proserpinaca pectinata
Eleocharis tuberculosa Rhexia virginica
Erechtites hieracifolia Rhus copallina
Erianthus giganteus Rhynchospora cephalantha
Eupatorium capillifolium Rhynchospora glomerata
Euthamia minor Rhynchospora inundata
Fuirena squarrosa Rubus sp
Juncus debilis Scirpus cyperinus
Juncus trigonocarpus Smilax sp
Ludwigia alternifolia Smilax laurifolia
Ludwigia linearis Sphagnum spp.
Ludwigia repens Viola sp.
Lycopodium sp. Xyris spp.
11
Table 6. 2006 plant species list for Reclamation Monitoring Plot (RMP) #3 (Tyner Lake Fan-East),
Southern Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffman, Richmond County,
North Carolina.
Plot Class Species
Tyner Lake Fan -East
RMP #3 (no dominant over- or understory)
Tree Acer rubrum
Seedlings Chamaecyparis thyoides
Nyssa biflora
Pinus serotina
Taxodium distichum
Shrubs Myrica cerifera
Herbs Andropogon glomeratus
Andropogon virginicus
Carex glaucescens
Drosera intermedia
Eleocharis microcarpa
Euthamia minor
Hypericum gentianoides
Juncus canadensis
Juncus tenuis
Ludwigia alternifolia
Ludwigia linearis
Lycopodium sp
moss
Panicum verrucosum
Polypremum procumbens
Rhexia mariana
Rhynchospora cephalantha
Rhynchospora glomerata
Scirpus cyperinus
Utricularia cornuta
Xyris jupicai
12
Table 7. 2006 plant species list for Reclamation Monitoring Plot (RMP) #4 (Mushroom Fan),
Southern Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffman, Richmond County,
North Carolina.
Plot Class Species
Mushroom Fan
RMP #4 (no dominant over- or understory)
Tree Nyssa biflora
Seedlings Taxodium distichum
Herbs Eleocharis microcarpa
Fuirena squarrosa
Juncus dichotomus
Juncus trigonocarpus
Ludwigia linearis
Panicum sp.
Rhynchospora scirpoides
Scirpus cyperinus
Xyris jupicai
13
PLANTING
Planting methods for all areas were similar to those described in our 1993 report (1993
Reclamation Report--Southern Products and Silica, Inc., Hoffman, NC, Wilds et al. 1993). In
general, bald cypress, swamp black gum and pond pine were planted with 8 to 10 foot spacing
between the trees. Atlantic white cedars were planted in clumps of 5 with 6 - 8 feet between
each tree. A fertilizer tablet was placed with each planted seedling.
Rankin Lake Fan: Rankin Lake Fan (9 acres) was created in late 2000 with excess sand, gravel
and organic muck from the mining operation (Figure 2). Currently, wash-water
is discharged into Rankin Lake and the fan is irregularly flooded. Initial plantings on this fan
occurred in February and April 2001 (2020 seedlings) with supplemental plantings in January
2002 (550 seedlings). The east side of the fan was expanded in late 2002 and this area was
planted in February and March 2003 with 625 Atlantic white cedar, 650 swamp black gum, 700
bald cypress and 500 pond pine. Supplemental plantings of 100 Atlantic white cedar were made
in March 2004. No plantings were made in this area in 2005 or 2006.
Seedlings planted within the vegetation monitoring plot (RMP #2) were mapped and
counted in order to track their survival in the future. In October 2006, there were 42 Atlantic
white cedar, 54 bald cypress, 31 pond pine and 61 swamp black gum saplings within the
vegetation monitoring plot which measures 20 meters by 50 meters. The number of saplings
within the vegetation monitoring plot decreased from 191 in 2005 to 188 in 2006, but this still
equates to 760 trees per acre as of October 2006.
Tyner Lake Fan - East: The east side of Tyner Lake Fan (2 acres) was expanded in 2001 by
filling a portion of the remaining lake with sand and gravel (Figure 2). Initial plantings (2150
seedlings) were made in this area in March and April 2001. Supplemental plantings were made
in January 2002 (100 seedlings). In February and April 2003, supplemental plantings were made
of 100 swamp black gum and 100 Atlantic white cedar. The seedlings were scattered throughout
the fan in open areas. No plantings were made in this area in 2004, 2005 or 2006.
Seedlings planted within the vegetation monitoring plot (RMP #3) were mapped and
counted in order to track their survival in the future. In October 2006, there were 3 Atlantic
14
white cedar, 13 bald cypress, 2 pond pine and 2 swamp black gum saplings within the vegetation
monitoring plot which measures 10 meters by 10 meters (0.025 acre). This equates to 800 trees
per acre as of October 2006. One swamp black gum seedlings died in 2006.
Mushroom Fan: The Mushroom Fan (-7 acres) was created in 2005 with excess sand, gravel
and organic muck from the mining operation (Figure 2). Initial plantings on this fan occurred in
January and March 2006, when 400 bald cypress, 800 swamp black gum, 450 Atlantic white
cedar and 400 pond pine seedlings were planted. Planting methods were similar to those
described above.
Seedlings planted in January and March 2006 on the Mushroom Fan were checked in
October 2006 for survival. It appeared that a majority of the planted seedlings had survived the
growing season. Seedlings planted within the vegetation monitoring plot (RMP #4) were
mapped and counted in order to track their survival in the future. In October 2006, there were 6
bald cypress and 5 swamp black gum within the vegetation monitoring plot which measures 10
meters by 10 meters, which equates to 445 trees per acre as of October 2006.
Additional plantings will be accomplished in January - March 2007.
Soil Sampling:
Hue, value and chroma readings were taken from 6 sites in RMP #2 and 1 site in RMP#3
and RMP#4 in 2006 (Table 8). All soil samples taken at RMP #2 and RMP #3 exhibited hydric
soil characteristics including low chromas, high organic content and sulfidic odor. RMP #4 had
saturated soil with a low chroma but was lacking other hydric soil characteristics.
15
V
Table 8. Reclamation Monitoring Plot soil sample results for 2006, Southern Products and Silica
. Company mine, Hoffinan, Richmond County, North Carolina.
PARAMETER Class Hue Value/Chroma Comments

RMP#2 - 1 Organic l OYR 2/1 organic sandy muck, saturated to
surface
RMP#2 - 2 Organic I OYR 2/1 organic sandy muck, saturated to
surface
RMP#2 - 3 Organic I OYR 2/1 organic sandy muck with gravel,
standing water
RMP#2 - 4 Organic I OYR 2/1 organic sandy muck, standing water
RMP#2 - 5 Organic l OYR 2/1 organic sandy muck with gravel,
saturated to surface
RMP#2 - 6 Organic I OYR 2/1 organic sandy muck with gravel,
saturated to surface
RMP#3 - 1 Mineral IOYR 4/1 wet sand, saturated to surface,
organic streaking, mucky sand at 6"
RMP#4 -I Mineral I OYR 3/1 wet sand, saturated to surface,
gravel located at 6"+
16
SUMMARY OF RESTORATION ACTIVITIES ON RMP #2 and #3
The Rankin Lake Fan and Tyner Lake Fan-East were monitored for the final time in
2006. Restoration within these areas is considered a success based on criteria described in Water
Quality Certification No. 2551:
• Vegetation: "Tree density (trees per acre) for the creation (mitigation) site shall
be projected from planted sapling survival rates. The final projected survival of
overstory species at 10 years should be within 20% of the RFE tree density for
each overstory species." The Rankin Lake Fan contains approximately 760
trees/acre base on data collected in RMP #2 (Appendix A). Tyner Lake Fan-East
contains approximately 800 desirable trees/acre based on data collected in RMP
#3 (Appendix B). The reference areas contain 272 trees/acre (RFE #1) and 204
trees/acre (RFE #2). The mitigation areas currently contain 3 to 4 times the
number of trees in the reference areas, well above what is required in the
Certification. In RMP #2, the number of Atlantic white cedar trees is below the
required RFE tree density but the excess number of other desirable species,
especially bald cypress, more than makes up for this shortfall (Table 9). In RMP
#3, the number of Atlantic white cedar and swamp black gum are below the RFE
tree density but there are more than 20 times the required number of bald cypress
trees (Table 9).
The density of trees within the mitigation areas will decrease over time as'
the trees mature and naturally thin out. The mitigation areas will gradually come
to resemble the reference areas over time. Nuisance vegetation (loblolly pine and
red maple) will continue to be monitored and removed from these areas as needed.
• Hydrology: "The applicant shall monitor the created wetland site once a year
for S years after creation to ensure that hydrology has been established." Both
mitigation sites have been monitored for 5 or more years and consistently
maintain wetland hydrology in the form of saturated soils in the upper 12 inches.
• Soils: "The applicant shall take at least one core sample per 2 acres from the
restored site and 1 sample from a nearby wetland. Soil samples shall be
compared to Munsell color charts for hue, value and chroma." Soil samples
17
have been taken every year within the mitigation sites as well as within the
reference areas. The soils within the mitigation areas are slowly developing
hydric soil characteristics and it will take hundreds of years for the soils to
resemble those within the reference areas.
SUMMARY
The wetland mitigation and reclamation activities for Southern Products and Silica
Company are proceeding as prescribed in the approved reclamation plan (Carter 1989). Two
reference monitoring plots and 3 mitigation monitoring plots have been established and are being
monitored. The mitigation areas on Rankin Lake Fan, Tyner Lake Fan-East and the Mushroom
Fan have been planted with the prescribed plant species. Survivorship is being monitored and
seedlings are being replaced as necessary.
RMP #2 (Rankin Lake Fan) and RMP #3 (Tyner Lake Fan-East) were monitored for the
last time in 2006. Mitigation within these areas is considered a success based on the approved
reclamation plan. The sites are currently dominated by desirable herbaceous and woody
vegetation and continues to maintain wetland hydrology.
18
4 i
Table 9. Tree densities by species for the Rankin Lake Fan and the Tyner Lake Fan-East,
Southern Products and Silica Company mine, Hoffinan, Richmond County, North
Carolina.
RMP#2 (Rankin Lake Fan) = 760 tree/acre total.
• Planted Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) = 219 trees/acre (acceptable range = 16 to
24 trees/acre).
• Planted Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) = 170 trees/acre (acceptable
range = 198 to 297 trees/acre).
• Planted Swamp black gum (Nyssa biflora) = 246 trees/acre (acceptable range = 144 to
216 trees/acre).
• Planted Pond pine (Pinus serotina) = 125 trees/acre (acceptable range = 3 to 14
trees/acre).
RMP#3 (Tyner Lake Fan-East) = 800 tree/acre total.
• Planted Bald cypress = 519 trees/acre (acceptable range = 16 to 24 trees/acre).
• Planted Atlantic white cedar = 121 trees/acre (acceptable range = 198 to 297
trees/acre).
• Planted Swamp black gum = 80 trees/acre (acceptable range = 144 to 216 trees/acre).
• Planted Pond pine = 80 trees/acre (acceptable range = 3 to 14 trees/acre).
RFE#1 (Reference Cedar Stand) = 272 trees/acre total.
• Atlantic white cedar = 248 trees/acre.
• Swamp black gum = 12 trees/acre.
• Pond pine = 12 trees/acre.
RFE#2 (Reference Cypress-Gum Swamp) = 204 trees/acre total.
• Bald cypress = 20 trees/acre.
• Swamp black gum = 180 trees/acre.
• Pond pine = 4 trees/acre.
19
REFERENCES
Carter, J.H. 1989. Reclamation and mitigation plan for the Southern Products Silica Company,
Inc. mine. 4 pp.
Wilds, S., T. Hippensteel and Dr. J.H. Carter III. 1993. 1993 Reclamation Report--Southern
Products and Silica, Inc., Hoffinan, NC. 11 pp.
20
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Appendix A. Photographs of the Rankin Lake Fan (RMP #2) in 2001 (top) and 2006 (bottom),
Southern Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffinan, Richmond
County, North Carolina.
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Appendix B. Photographs of Tyner Lake Fan-East (RMP 93) in 2003 (top) and 2006 (bottom),
Southern Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffman, Richmond
County, North Carolina.

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'•`• ? ? - „gyp.
Appendix C. Photographs of the Mushroom Fan (RMP #4) in 2006 (top and bottom), Southern
Products and Silica Company mine site, near Hoffman, Richmond County, North
Carolina.