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DWQ Project No.:
09rl SI
County: Fr,?- `t /l
Applicant: 13 C-A D-T-
Project Name: tic 40 c..)^ S X13S uu cr e Sw ?.--? C re {L ' ?? 1S-
Date of Issuance of 401 Water Quality Certification: t2 1 -7 10
Certificate of Completion
Upon completion of all work approved within the 401 Water Quality Certification or applicable Buffer Rules, and
any subsequent modifications, the applicant is required to return this certificate to the 401[Wetlands Unit, North
Carolina Division of Water Quality, 1621 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC, 27699-1621. This form may be
returned to DWQ by the applicant, the applicant's authorized agent, or the project engineer. It is not necessary to
send certificates from all of these.
Applicant's Certification
1, ?1- r, G. Nr-ACP hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due care and diligence
was used in the observation of the construction such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial
compliance and intent of ],Water Quality Certification and Buffer Rules, the approved plans and
specifications, and of r supp a ials.
L:7,& 4
Signature: Date: 71
Agent's Certification /
1, , hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due care and diligence
was used in the observation of fie construction such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial
compliance and intent of the 401 Water Quality Certification and Buffer Rules, the approved plans and
specifications, and other supporting materials.
Signature: Date:
Engineer's Certification
Partial _ Final
I, , as a duly registered Professional Engineer in the State of North
Carolina, having been authorized to observe (periodically, weekly, full time) the construction of the project, for the
Permittee hereby state that, to vie best of my abilities, due care and diligence was used in the observation of the
construction such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial compliance and intent of the 401
Water Quality Certification and Buffer Rules, the approved plans and specifications, and other supporting materials.
Signature Registration No.
Date
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AUG 2 2 2006
660+i+-iNr?TEii - One Carolina
WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BRA t
Transportation Permitting Unit
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699.1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] / FAX [phone] / Internet: htto://h2o enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
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United States Department of the Interior RA A ? i I `/)
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
August 10, 2001 as Sim
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
NCDOT
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
Thank you for your June 21, 2001, request for information from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (Service) on the potential environmental impacts of proposed bridge replacements in
Franklin and Wake Counties, North Carolina. This report provides scoping information and is
provided in accordance with provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (FWCA)
(16 U.S.C. 661-667d) and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 1531-1543). This report also serves as initial scoping comments to federal and state
resource agencies for use in their permitting and/or certification processes for this project.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to replace the following
bridge structures:
,1 1. B-4515 Bridge No. 40 on SR 1235 over Bear Swamp Creek;
`2. B-3916 Bridge No. 63 on US 401 over Middle Creek; and,
?. B-4299 Bridge No 255 on SR 1006 over unnamed creek.
The following recommendations are provided to assist you in your planning process and to
facilitate a thorough and timely review of the project.
Generally, the Service recommends that wetland impacts be avoided and minimized to the
maximum extent practical as outlined in Section 404 (b)(1) of the Clean Water Act
Amendments of 1977. In regard to avoidance and minimization of impacts, we recommend
that proposed highway projects be aligned along or adjacent to existing roadways, utility
corridors, or previously developed areas in order to minimize habitat fragmentation and
encroachment. Areas exhibiting high biodiversity or ecological value important to the
watershed and region should be avoided. Crossings of streams and associated wetland systems
should use existing crossings and/or occur on a structure wherever feasible. Where bridging is
not feasible, culvert structures that maintain natural water flows and hydraulic regimes without
scouring, or impeding fish and wildlife passage, should be employed. Highway shoulder and
S

median widths should be reduced through wetland areas. Roadway embankments and fill areas
should be stabilized by using appropriate erosion control devices and techniques. Wherever
appropriate, construction in sensitive areas should occur outside fish spawning and migratory
bird nesting seasons.
i.
The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) maps of the Ingleside and Lake Wheeler 7.5 Minute
Quadrangles show wetland resources in the specific work areas. However, while the NWI
maps are useful for providing an overview of a given area, they should not be relied upon in
lieu of a detailed wetland delineation by trained personnel using an acceptable wetland
classification methodology. Therefore, in addition to the above guidance, we recommend that
the environmental documentation for this project include the following in sufficient detail to
facilitate a thorough review of the action.
The extent and acreage of waters of the U.S., including wetlands, that are to be
impacted by filling, dredging, clearing, ditching, or draining. Acres of wetland impact
should be differentiated by habitat type based on the wetland classification scheme of
the National Wetlands Inventory. Wetland boundaries should be determined by using
the 1987 Corps of Wetlands Delineation Manual and verified by the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers (Corps).
2. If unavoidable wetland impacts are proposed, we recommend that every effort be made
to identify compensatory mitigation sites in advance. Project planning should include a
detailed compensatory mitigation plan for offsetting unavoidable wetland impacts.
Opportunities to protect mitigation areas in perpetuity, preferably via conservation
easement, should be explored at the outset.
The document presents a number of scenarios for replacing each bridge, ranging from in-place
to relocation, with on-site and off-site detours. The Service recommends that each bridge be
replaced on the existing alignment with an off-site detour.
The enclosed list identifies the federally-listed endangered and threatened species, and Federal
Species of Concern (FSC) that are known to occur in Franklin and Wake Counties. The
Service recommends that habitat requirements for the listed species be compared with the
available habitats at the respective project sites. If suitable habitat is present within the action
area of the project, biological surveys for the listed species should be performed.
Environmental documentation that includes survey methodologies, results, and NCDOT's
recommendations based on those results, should be provided to this office for review and
comment.
FSC's are those plant and animal species for which the Service remains concerned, but further
biological research and field study are needed to resolve the conservation status of these taxa.
Although FSC's receive no statutory protection under the ESA, we would encourage the
NCDOT to be alert to their potential presence, and to make every reasonable effort to conserve
them if found. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program should be contacted for
information on species under state protection.
I k'
The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on this project. Please continue to advise
us during the progression of the planning process, including your official determination of the
impacts of the project. If you have any questions regarding these comments, please contact
Tom McCartney at 919-856-4520, Ext. 32.
Sincerely,
(,6N r. Garland B. Pardue
Ecological Services Supervisor
Enclosures
cc: COE, Raleigh, NC (Eric Alsmeyer)
NCDWQ, Raleigh, NC (John Hennessey)
NCDNR, Creedmoor, NC (David Cox)
FWS/R4:TMcCartney:TM:08/10/01:919/856-4520 extension 32:\bdgfran.wak
k,
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
EDGECOMBE COUNTY
Vertebrates
Henslow's sparrow Ammodramus henslowii FSC
Southern hognose snake Heterodon simus FSC*
Red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis Endangered
Invertebrates
Yellow lance Elliptio lanceolata FSC
Tar spinymussel Elliptio steinstansana Endangered
Atlantic pigtoe Fusconaia masoni FSC
Yellow lampmussel Lampsilis cariosa FSC
FORSYTH COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis Endangered****
Vascular Plants
Small-anthered bittercress Cardamine micranthera Endangered
FRANKLIN COUNTY
Invertebrates
Dwarf wedge mussel Alasmidonta heterodon Endangered
Yellow lance Elliptio lanceolata FSC
Tar spinymussel Elliptio steinstansana
Endangered
Atlantic p i gtoe Fusconaia masoni FSC
Yellow lampmussel Lampsilis cariosa FSC
Vascular Plants
Wavyleaf wild quinine Parthenium radfordii FSC
Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxii Endangered
GASTON COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Vascular Plants
Georgia aster Aster georgianus FSC
Schweinitz's sunflower Helianthus schweinitzii Endangered
January 15, 1999 Page 18 of 49
-OMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME
STATUS
WAKE COUNTY
Vertebrates '
Bachman's sparrow Aimophila aestivalis
Bald eagle -

Southern hognose snake
Haliaeetus leucocephalus FSC
Threatened

Southeastern myotis Heterodon simus

Myotis austroriparius
FSC*
Red-cockaded woodpecker
Picoides borealis FSC
Endangered
Invertebrates
Dwarf wedge mussel
Yellow lance Alasmidonta heterodon
Endangered

Atlantic pigtoe Elliptio lanceolata FSC

Green floater Fusconaia masoni
FSC

Diana fritillary butterfly Lasmigona subviridus FSC
Speyeria diana FSC*
Vascular Plants
Sweet pinesap
Michaux's sumac Monotropsis odorata
FSC
Carolina least trillium Rhus michauxii
Trillium pusillum var
pusillum Endangered
. FSC
WARREN COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bachman's sparrow Aimophila aestivalis
FSC
Invertebrates
Dwarf wedge mussel Alasmidonta heterodon
Yellow lance
Elliptio lanceolata Endangered
Tar spinymussel Elliptio steinstansana FSC
Atlantic pigtoe
Fusconaia masoni Endangered
FSC
Vascular Plants
Heller's trefoil Lotus helleri
FSC
WASHINGTON COUNTY
Vertebrates
Red wolf Canis rufus
Rafinesque's big-eared bat EXP
Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) rafinesquii FSC
Waccamaw killifish Fundulus waccamawensis
Bald eagle FSC
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Threatened
January 15, 1999
Page 45 of 49
F WAIF Michael F. Easley, Governor
O?? 9QG William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
\
r Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
>_ y Division of Water Quality
liF
December 7, 2004
Franklin County
DWQ Project No. 041781
TIP No. B-4515
APPROVAL of TAR-PAMLICO RIVER BUFFER RULES AUTHORIZATION CERTIFICATE with
ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
Dr. Gregory J. Thorpe, PhD., Manager
Planning & Environmental Branch
N.C. Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina, 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
You have our approval, in accordance with the conditions listed below, to impact 4,444 square feet (1,339 square feet
in Zone 1 and 3,105 square feet in Zone 2) of protected Tar-Pamlico River Riparian Buffer for the purpose of replacing
Bridge No. 40 Over Bear Swamp Creek on to SR 1235 (Dyking Road) in Franklin County. The project shall be
constructed in accordance with your application dated received November 2, 2004. This approval shall act as your
Authorization Certificate as required within the Tar-Pamlico River Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0259). In
addition, you should get any other required federal, state or local permits before you go ahead with your project
including (but not limited to) Sediment and Erosion Control.
This approval is valid solely for the purpose and design described in your application (unless modified below).
Should your project change, you must notify the DWQ and submit a new application. If the property is sold, the
new owner must be given a copy of this Certification and approval letter, and is thereby responsible for complying
with all the conditions. If total wetland fills for this project (now or in the future) exceed one acre, or of total
impacts to streams (now or in the future) exceed 150 linear feet, compensatory mitigation may be required as
described in 15A NCAC 2H .0506 (h) (6) and (7). For this approval to remain valid, you must adhere to the
conditions listed in the attached certification.
1.) Upon completion of the project, the NCDOT shall complete and return the enclosed "Certification of
Completion Form" to notify DWQ when all work included in the 401 Certification has been completed. The
responsible party shall complete the attached form and return it to the 401/Wetlands Unit of the Division of
Water Quality upon completion of the project.
2.) If the old bridge is removed, no discharge of bridge material into surface waters is preferred. Strict adherence
the Corps of Engineers guidelines for bridge demolition will be a condition of the 401 Water Quality
Certification.
3.) All stormwater runoff shall be directed to sheetflow through stream buffers at nonerosive velocities, unless
approved otherwise by this certification.
4.) During the construction of the project, no staging of equipment of any kind is permitted in waters of the U.S., or
protected riparian buffers.
5.) Riparian vegetation must be reestablished within the construction limits of the project by the end of the growing
season following completion of construction.
One
No
r hCarolina
Transportation Permitting Unit )Vaturatly
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699.1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] /FAX [phone]/ Internet: http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncvvetlands
6.) The dimension, pattern and profile of the stream above and below the crossing should not be modified by
widening the stream channel or reducing the depth of the stream. Disturbed floodplains and streams should be
restored to natural geomorphic conditions.
7.) Any riprap used must not interfere with thalweg performance and aquatic life passage during low flow
conditions.
8.) All mechanized equipment operated near surface waters must be regularly inspected and maintained to prevent
contamination of stream waters from fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or other toxic materials.
9.) Discharging hydroseed mixtures and washing out hydroseeders and other equipment in or adjacent to surface
waters is prohibited.
10.) The outside buffer, wetland or water boundary located within the construction corridor approved by this
authorization shall be clearly marked by highly visible fencing prior to any land disturbing activities. Impacts
to areas within the fencing are prohibited unless otherwise authorized by this certification.
11.) There shall be no excavation from or waste disposal into jurisdictional wetlands or waters associated with this
permit without appropriate modification of this permit. Should waste or borrow sites be located in wetlands or
stream, compensatory mitigation will be required since it is a direct impact from road construction activities.
12.) Pursuant to NCAC15A 2B.0259(6), sediment and erosion control devices shall not be placed in Zone I of any
Tar-Pamlico Buffer without prior approval by the NCDWQ. At this time, the NCDWQ has approved no
sediment and erosion control devices in Zone 1, outside of the approved project impacts, anywhere on this
project. Moreover, sediment and erosion control devices shall be allowed in Zone 2 of the buffers provided that
Zone 1 is not compromised and that discharge is released as diffuse flow.
13.) Heavy equipment must be operated from the banks rather than in the stream channel in order to minimize
sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutants into the stream.
14.) No live or fresh concrete shall come into contact with waters of the state until the concrete has hardened
15.) The presence of equipment in the channels must be minimized. Under no circumstances must rock, sand or
other materials be dredged from the wetted stream channel under authorization of this permit, except in the
immediate vicinity of the culverts.
16.) All work shall be performed during low or normal flow conditions.
17.) A copy of this Water Quality Certification shall be posted on the construction site at all times. In addition, the
Water Quality Certification and all subsequent modifications, if any, shall be maintained with the Division
Engineer and the on-site project manager.
18.) All protected riparian buffers impacted by the placement of temporary fill or clearing activities shall be restored
to the preconstruction contours and revegetated with native woody species upon completion of the project
construction. A post-construction as-built with the restoration activities included shall be submitted to the
DWQ no later than 60 days after the project is closed out by the Department of Transportation.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask for an adjudicatory hearing. You must
act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing, send a written petition that conforms
to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447,
Raleigh, N.C. 276 1 1-7447. This certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing.
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. If you
have any questions, please contact Nicole Thomson at 919-715-3415.
Sincere y,
Alan W. Klimek, P.E.
JEH/njt
Attachment
cc: Wilmington District, US Army Corps of Engineers
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, US Army Corps of Engineers, Raleigh Field Office
Mr. Jon G. Nance, PE, Division 5 Engineer, 2612 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 Environmental Officer, 2612 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704
NCDWQ Raleigh Regional Office
Central Files
File Copy
c:\Correspondence\D WQ041781\1 20304wqc.doc

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
LYNDo TIPPETT
SECRETARY
October 29, 2004 0 4 1 7 8 1
Division of Water Quality
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
NOV 0 2 2004
Attention: Mr. John Hennessey
NCDOT Coordinator
WETLANDS AN STORMWATER BRANCH
Subject: Buffer Certification Application for the replacement of Bridge No. 40
over Bear Swamp Creek on SR 1235 (Dyking Road), Franklin County,
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-1235(1), State Project No. 8.2360601,
Division 5, TIP Project No. B-4515
Dear Sir:
Please find enclosed a copy of the Pre-construction Notification, Fish and Wildlife
concurrence letter, permit drawings, roadway design plans and Categorical Exclusion
(CE), for the above-mentioned project. The NCDOT proposes to replace Bridge No. 40
over Bear Swamp Creek with a 3 span, cored slab bridge using top down construction.
The new bridge will be 130 feet long with no bents in the water. Bear Swamp Creek
[DWQ Index #28-23] is a jurisdictional stream in the Tar River Basin and therefore is
subject to the Tar-Pamlico River Basin Buffer Rules.
Tar-Pamlico River Basin Buffer Rules
As previously noted, this project is located in the Tar-Pamlico River Basin (subbasin
030301, HUC 03020101). Bear Swamp Creek originates north of SR 1002 in Franklin
County and flows southwest to its confluence with the Tar River south of the study area.
Buffer impacts associated with this project are 1339 sq. ft. for Zone 1 and 3105 sq. ft. for
Zone 2. There will be a total of 4444 sq. ft. of impacts to the riparian buffers as a result
of the bridge replacement. According to Administrative Code Section 15A NCAC
0213.0259 (6), bridges are ALLOWABLE. Uses designated as allowable may proceed
within the riparian buffer provided that there are no practical alternatives to the requested
use pursuant to Item (8) of this Rule.
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] CAPITOL BOULEVARD
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS PARKER LINCOLN BUILDING, SUITE 168
1598 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBsirE: WWW.DOH.DOT.STATE.NC.US RALEIGH NC 27699
RALEIGH NC 27699-1598
All practicable measures to minimize impacts within buffer zones were followed. There
will be 3 preformed scour holes outside the buffer zone to slow velocities and to ensure
diffusion of flow before entering the buffer. The creek will be bridged from high ground
to high ground such that no fill will be placed in the surface waters; the side slope of SR
1235 will be primarily at 2:1 with a small area at a maximum of 4:1.
Bridge Demolition: The NCDOT and all potential contractors will follow appropriate
guidelines for bridge demolition and removal as presented in NCDOT's Guidelines for
Best Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal. Components of the
superstructure will be removed without any structure falling into Waters of the United
States. The substructure consists of timber; this will be removed without dropping any
portion into Waters of the United States. It is anticipated that there will be no temporary
fill associated with demolition and removal of the superstructure and substructure.
Utility Impacts: There are two Sprint telephone utility poles with aerial lines crossing
Bear Swamp Creek perpendicularly inside the buffer zone on this project. These poles
will be removed with equipment that will be placed on the road (SR 1235). Once the
aerial lines are removed, Sprint plans to reinstall the telephone lines using directional
bore method. All equipment and machinery will be located outside the buffer zones.
According to 15A NCAC 02B.0259 (6) Rule, non electric utility lines that are
perpendicular crossings and disturb equal to or less than 40 linear feet of riparian buffer
with a maintenance corridor equal to or less than 10 feet in width are EXEMPT. Impacts
from the proposed reinstallation of the Sprint utility poles will not be more that 40 linear
feet with a maintenance corridor less than 10 feet.
Rare and Protected Species
Plants and animals with federal classification of Endangered, Threatened, Proposed
Endangered and Proposed Threatened are protected under provisions of Section 7 and
Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). As of January 29, 2003 the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists seven federally-protected species for Franklin
County (see Table 1).
Table 1. Federally-protected species for Franklin County.
Common Name Scientific Name Status Habitat Biological
Conclusion
Dwarf Alasmidonta Endangered Yes May Affect, Not
wedgemussel heterodon Likely To
Adversely Affect
Tar spinymussel Elliptio Endangered Yes May Affect, Not
steinstansana Likely To
_ Adversely Affect
Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxii Endangered No No Effect
The Natural Heritage Program (NHP) files document one occurrence of the dwarf
wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) 3.0 miles southeast of the project corridor along
the Tar River at NC 56. The NHP files have no documentation of the Tar spineymussel
2
within 3 miles of the project corridor. Concurrence from the US Fish and Wildlife
Service (USFWS) for the above biological conclusion for the dwarf wedgemussel and Tar
spincymussel has been received in this office (see attached letter, dated March 1, 2004).
This project has been reviewed for jurisdiction under the Federal Clean Water Act
(CWA). There are no impacts to Waters of the US, therefore none of the actions of this
project fall under jurisdiction of the SWA. Therefore, no permits pursuant to the CWA
are required. NCDOT requests written authorization for a Buffer Certification from the
Division of Water Quality.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Carla Dagnino at
[phone].
Sincerely,
' -- Gregory J. orpe, Ph.D
J Environmental Management Director, DPEA
Cc:
w/attachment
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, USACE
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Jon Nance, P.E., Division Engineer
Mr. Chris Murray, DEO
w/o attachment
Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Omar Sultan, Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Ms. Theresa Ellerbe, PDEA Project Planning Engineer
Office Use Only: Form Version May 2002
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
1. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
? Section 404 Permit ® Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
? Section 10 Permit ? Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
? 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: NA
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ?
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (verify availability with NCWRP prior to submittal of PCN), complete
section VIII and check here: ?
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ?
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: NC Department of Transportation
Mailing Address: 1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address:
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: NA
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number:
E-mail Address:
Fax Number:
Page 5 of 122
1
Ill. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Bridge No. 40 over Bear Swamp Creek on SR 1235
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): B-4515
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): NA
4. Location
County: Franklin Nearest Town: Louisburg
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): NA
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): From Take 401 North of
Louisburg to SR 1235, go left onto SR 1235 and follow the road approximately 1.5 miles
until you reach the bridge over Bear Swamp Creek
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long): 36'8.0 FN / 78019.10'W
6. (Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
7. Property size (acres): approximately 2.4 acres
8. Nearest body of water (stream/river/sound/ocean/lake): Tar River
9. River Basin: Tar Pamlico River Basin
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/mgps/.)
10. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Land use is a mixture of residential properties cultivated
and wooded areas.
Page 6 of 122
11. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: Please see
permit application attached for description of project
Construction equipment will consist of heavy duty trucks earth moving equipment cranes
12. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: Bridge No. 40 is considered functionally
obsolete and structurally deficient The replacement of this inadequate structure will result in
a safer and more efficient traffic operations.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
NA
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
Page 7 of 122
Provide a written description of the proposed impacts:. There will be 0.1 acre of impacts to the
riparian buffers due to bridge construction.
1. Individually list wetland impacts below:
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Located within
100-year Floodplain**
(yes/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
(linear feet)
Type of Wetland***
NA

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps are available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at httn://www.fenia'gov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.) Indicate if wetland is isolated (determination of isolation to be made by USACE only).
List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: NA
Total area of wetland impact proposed:
2. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts below:
Stream Impact
Site Number
indicate on ma
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Impact Perennial or
Intermittent?
leasespecify)
NA

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditch ing/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can he found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online at
www.usifs.t;ov. Several internet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www.topozone.com,
www.maaquest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: NA
Page 8 of 122
3. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.) below:
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Name of Waterbody

(if applicable) Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
bay, ocean, etc.)
NA

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
4. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): NA
Proposed use or purpose of pond
local stormwater requirement, etc.)
(e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
: NA
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
Please see permit application.
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
Page 9 of 122
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/stn-ngide.html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
NA
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCWRP at
[phone] to determine availability and to request written approval of mitigation prior
to submittal of a PCN. For additional information regarding the application process for the
NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If use of
the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide the
following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet): NA
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet): NA
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state) funds or the use of public
(federal/state) land?
Yes ® No ?
Page 10 of 122
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ® No ?
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ® No ?
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ? No ® If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(square feet) Multiplier Required
Mitigation
1 1339 3
2 3105 1.5
Total 4444
Gone I extends out 3U teet perpendicular trom near bank of channel; Gone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B.0242 or.0260.
Page 1 1 of 122
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
NA
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
NA
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ? No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes ? No
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
i:/ 1V
Applicant/Agent's Signature I Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 12 of 122
HT Op '?r United States Department of the Interior
f?
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE i V
N a
Raleigh Feld Office
Post Office Box 33726
M?qc a ?0?°' Raleigh, North Carolina 276363726
March 1, 2004 L
C3 X
?ilGtll?IAYS
0? Cb
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D. n'T,gt ptAa?.
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
This letter is in response to your letter of February 12, 2004 which provided the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service) with the biological conclusion of the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) that the replacement of Bridge No. 40 on SR 1235 over Bear Swamp
Creek in Franklin County (TIP No. B-4515) may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect the
federally-endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) and the Tar spinymussel
(Elliptio steinstansana). These comments are provided in accordance with section 7 of the
Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543).
According to the information you submitted, mussel surveys were conducted at the project site
on June 1 and 5, 2003. The survey extended 100 meters upstream and 400+ meters downstream
of SR 1235. Neither of the federally listed species was found. Based on the information
provided and other information available, the Service concurs with your conclusion that the
proposed bridge replacement may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect the dwarf
wedgemussel and Tar spinymussel. We believe that the requirements of section 7 (a)(2) of the
ESA have been satisfied. We remind you that obligations under section 7 consultation must be
reconsidered if. (1) new information reveals impacts of this identified action that may affect
listed species or critical habitat in a manner not previously considered in this review; (2j this
action is subsequently modified in a manner that was not considered in this review; or (3) a new
species is listed or critical habitat determined that may be affected by this identified action.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to review this project. If you have any questions
regarding our response, please contact Mr. Gary Jordan at [phone] (Ext. 32).
Sincerely,
91-01- 1( &Ai'
Garland B. Pardue, Ph.D.
Ecological Services Supervisor

cc: Eric Alsmeyer, USACE, Raleigh, NC
John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh, NC
Travis Wilson, NCWRC, Creedmoor, NC
Chris Militscher, USEPA, Raleigh, NC

I

---------------------
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BRIDGE NO. 40
1000 0 2000 ON SR 1235 (DYKING ROAD)
OVER BEAR SWAMP CREEK
SHEET OF 12/8/03
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--cWLB---- WETLAND BOUNDARY
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N.C. DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
FRANKLIN COUNTY
PROJECT. 8.2360601 (B-4515)
BRIDGE NO. 40
ON SR 1235 (DYKING ROAD)
OVER BEA? SWAMP CREEK
SHEET OF 12/8/03
LEGEND
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Project No. 8.2360601 (B-4515)
Property Owner List
Parcel Number Name Address
1 William E. Stephens & 148 Beasley Rd.
Sylvia B. Stephens Louisburg, NC 27549
2 Church of Latter-Day Saints 50 E. North Temple
Salt Lake City, UT 84156
3 George D. Davis III & 665 W. Dyking Rd.
Wife Teresa W. Davis Louisburg, NC 27549
4 Robert L. Stallings & 736 Dyking Rd.
Wife Rebecca W. Stallings Louisburg, NC 27549
5 Robert L. Stallings & 736 Dyking Rd.
Wife Rebecca W. Stallings Louisburg, NC 27549

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FRANKLIN COUNTY
BRIDGE NO. 40 ON SR 1235 (DYKING ROAD)
OVER BEAR SWAMP CREEK
FEDERAL-AID PROJECT NO. BRZ-1235(1)
STATE PROJECT NO. 8.2360601
T.I.P. NO. B-4515
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
N.C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
APPROVED:
Q hil W
DA E Grego J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1041, 2 7 1-1 /?
DAT John F. Sullivan, III 4XI
Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
•
FRANKLIN COUNTY
BRIDGE NO. 40 ON SR 1235 (DYKING ROAD)
OVER BEAR SWAMP CREEK
FEDERAL-AID PROJECT NO. BRZ-1235(1)
STATE PROJECT NO. 8.2360601
T.I.P. NO. B4515
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
OCTOBER 2003
Document Prepared by Ramey Kemp & Associates, Inc.
4928-A Windy Hill Dr.
Raleigh, NC 27609
0 es
CC AI?
Ny :y
AL ?: ? Z3d3
Philip D. Edwards, Project Manager 22032 Date
Ramey Kemp & Associates, Inc. N??Q,.•QoCo
D 1 EQ?P
For the North Carolina Department of Transportation
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Theresa Ellerby, Project Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
PROJECT COMMITMENTS
FRANKLIN COUNTY
BRIDGE NO. 40 ON SR 1235 (DYKING ROAD)
OVER BEAR SWAMP CREEK
FEDERAL-AID PROJECT NO. BRZ-1235(1)
STATE PROJECT NO. 8.2360601
T.I.P. NO. B-4515
In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit #23 Conditions, the General Nationwide Permit Conditions,
Section 404 Only Conditions, Regional Conditions, State Consistency Conditions, NCDOT's Guidelines for
Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, Design, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best
Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal, General Certification Conditions, and Section
401 Conditions for Certification, the following special commitments have been agreed to by NCDOT:
NCDOT Division 5 and Structure Design
The Tar-Pamlico River Buffer Rules will be implemented during the design, construction and maintenance
of the project.
NCDOT Division 5
The Division will provide adequate notice to Franklin County Schools so they may plan their bus routing.
Green Sheet
Categorical Exclusion
October 2003

FRANKLIN COUNTY
BRIDGE NO.. 40 ON SR 1235 (DYKING ROAD)
OVER BEAR SWAMP CREEK
FEDERAL-AID PROJECT NO. BRZ-1235(1)
STATE PROJECT NO. 8.2360601
T.I.P. NO. B4515
INTRODUCTION
The replacement of Bridge No. 40, located on SR 1235 (Dyking Road) over Bear Swamp Creek, in Franklin
County, is included in the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) 2004-2010
Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) as B4515 and the Federal-Aid Bridge Replacement Program
(BRZ-1235(1)). The location is shown in Figure 1.
No substantial impacts are anticipated. The project is classified as a Federal "Categorical Exclusion".
1. PURPOSE AND NEED
The NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit records indicate Bridge No. 40 has a sufficiency rating of 13.4 out of
a possible 100 for a new structure. The bridge is considered to be structurally deficient and functionally
obsolete. The replacement of this inadequate structure will result in safer and more efficient traffic
operations.
II. EXISTING CONDITIONS
Bridge No. 40 is located approximately 1.0 mile west of US 401 / NC 39 on SR 1235 (Dyking Road) north
of Louisburg in Franklin County. Refer to Figures 2 and 3 for photos of the existing project area.
Bridge No. 40, was constructed in 1961, and has a sufficiency rating of 13.4 out of a possible 100. The
bridge is currently posted to restrict weight limits, 19 tons (17.2 metric tons) for single vehicles and 22 tons
(20.0 metric tons) for truck-tractor semi-trailers.
The overall length of the two-span structure is 41.0 ft (12.5 m). It has a clear roadway width of 24.2 ft
(7.4 m) that includes two travel lanes over the bridge. The superstructure consists of a timber deck on
steel I-beams with an asphalt wearing surface. The end and interior bents are constructed of timber piles
and caps. A steel crutch bent has been added to help support the floor beams near the west abutment.
SR 1235 is classified as a rural minor collector in the Statewide Functional Classification System. The
estimated 2003 average daily traffic (ADT) volume is 1,350 vehicles per day (vpd). The percentages of
truck traffic are 1 percent TTST vehicles and 2 percent dual-tired vehicles. The projected 2030 ADT is
2,350 vpd.
The two-lane facility measures approximately 20 ft (6.0 m) in width and has variable (approximately 3 - 6 ft
(0.9 - 1.8 m)) grassed shoulders on each side of the roadway. The horizontal alignment of SR 1235 is
straight and the vertical alignment is generally flat within the project area with slight upward grades both
east and west from the bridge. The speed limit in the immediate vicinity of the bridge is posted at 45 miles
per hour (mph) (73 km/h) east of the existing bridge and at 55 mph (88 km/h) west of the existing bridge.
Existing right-of-way is approximately 60 ft (18.3 m) in width. The roadway is situated approximately 17 ft
(5.2 m) above the creek bed.
There are utilities along the south side of SR 1235. Sprint has an underground telephone line located
approximately 28 ft (8.5 m) south of the existing bridge structure. The line is aerial over Bear Swamp
Creek. Overhead power lines are also located.along the south side of SR 1235 approximately 23 ft (7 m)
from the existing bridge structure. There are no utilities attached to the existing structure. Utility impacts
are expected to be low.
This section of SR 1235 is not part of a designated bicycle route nor is it listed in the Transportation
Improvement Program as needing incidental bicycle accommodations. There is no indication that an
unusual number of bicyclists use this roadway.
Land use within the project area is a mixture of residential properties, cultivated and wooded areas.
Please refer to Figure 8. An animal clinic is located approximately 850 ft (260 m) from the east end of the
bridge in the southeast quadrant. There are old bridge abutments located approximately 55 ft (17 m) north
(upstream) of the existing bridge. These abutments are unstable.
According to Franklin County school officials, school buses cross Bridge No. 40 eight times per day.
There has been one crash reported in the vicinity of Bridge No. 40 during the period from August 1, 1999
to July 31, 2002.
III. ALTERNATIVES
A. Project Description
Based upon the preliminary hydraulics report the proposed replacement structure will consist of a multi-
span 100 ft (30.5 m) spill through bridge with a 40 ft (12.2 m) clear roadway width. The structure will
provide two 12 ft (3.6 m) travel lanes with 8 ft (2.4 m) of lateral clearance on each side of the bridge.
The length and opening size of the proposed structure may increase or decrease as necessary to
accommodate peak flows as determined by a more detailed hydraulic analysis to be performed during the
final design phase of the bridge.
The roadway approaches will provide two 12 ft (3.6 m) travel lanes with 8 ft (2.4 m) grassed shoulders.
The roadway approach and bridge grades will be raised approximately 3 ft (0.9 m) to meet design speed.
The design speed is 60 mph (100 km/h).
B. Build Alternatives
Three (3) build alternatives studied for replacing the existing bridge are described below:
2
Alternative A (Preferred)
Alternative A consists of replacing the bridge in-place with a new bridge. During construction, traffic will be
maintained by an off-site detour. Existing traffic would be detoured via SR 1237 (Beasley Road) and US
401. The detour is estimated to be 8.4 miles (13.5 km) long. Refer to Figures 4 and 5 for illustration of this
alternative.
The total length of roadway approach work for this alternative is approximately 900 ft (274 m).
Alternative B (in-place with On-Site Detour- South)
Alternative B consists of replacing the bridge in-place with a new bridge. During construction, traffic will be
maintained by a temporary on-site detour along the south side of SR 1235. The temporary detour
structure will consist of a 28 ft (8.4 m) clear roadway width with two 11 ft (3.3 m) travel lanes and 3 ft (0.9
m) of lateral clearance on each side of the bridge. The temporary detour structure is an approximate 90
foot (27 m) bridge with spill-through slopes. The roadway approaches will provide two 11 ft (3.3 m) travel
lanes with 6 ft (1.8 m) grassed shoulders. The temporary detour design speed is 40 mph (65 km/h). Refer
to Figure 6 for illustration of this alternative.
The total length of roadway approach work for this alternative is approximately 900 ft (274 m) and the
length of the temporary detour is approximately 1,100 ft (335 m).
This alternative was not selected because it has greater impacts to wetlands, floodplains and utilities than
Alternative A. It also involves more borrow material and has a greater cost.
Alternative C (In-Place with On-Site Detour- North)
Alternative C consists of replacing the bridge in-place with a new bridge. During construction, traffic will be
maintained by a temporary on-site detour along the north side of SR 1235. The temporary detour structure
will consist of a 28 ft (8.4 m) clear roadway with two 11 ft (3.3 m) travel lanes and 3 ft (m) of lateral
clearance on each side of the bridge. The temporary detour structure is an approximate 90 foot (27 m)
bridge with spill-through slopes. The roadway approaches would provide two 11 ft (3.3 m) travel lanes with
6 ft (1.8 m) grassed shoulders. The temporary detour design speed is 40 mph (65 km/h). Refer to Figure
7 for illustration of this alternative.
The total length of roadway approach work for this alternate is approximately 900 ft (274 m) and the length
of the temporary detour is approximately 1,100 ft (335 m).
This alternative was not selected because it has greater impacts to wetlands, floodplains and utilities than
Alternative A. It also involves more borrow material and has a greater cost.
C. Alternatives Eliminated From Further Discussion
A "Do-Nothing" alternative will eventually necessitate closure of the bridge due to its poor condition. This is
not desirable due to the traffic service provided by SR 1235.
Investigation of the existing structure by the NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit indicates that rehabilitation
of the old bridge is not feasible due to its age and deteriorated condition.

D. Preferred Alternative
Alternative A consists of replacing the bridge in-place with a new bridge. During construction, traffic will be
maintained by an off-site detour. This alternative was selected as the Preferred Alternative because it has
less impact to wetlands, floodplains and utilities. Alternative A also has a lower cost than Alternatives B or
C.
The Division Engineer concurs with Alternative A as the preferred alternative.
IV. ESTIMATED COSTS
The estimated costs, based on current dollars, are shown below:
Table 1
Estimated Project Costs
Alternative A
(Preferred) Alternative B Alternative C
Structure Removal (existing) $ 7,936 $ 7,936 $ 7,936
Structure (proposed) 260,000 260,000 260,000
Detour Structure and Approaches - 331,744 317,991-
Roadway Approaches 279,382 279,382 279,382
Miscellaneous and Mobilization 246,682 395,938 389,691
Engineering and Contingencies 131,000 225,000 220,000
Right-of-Way/Easement and Utilities 33,000 49,325 55,725
Total Project Cost $ 958,000 $1,549,325 $1,530,725
The estimated cost of the project, as shown in the 2004-2010 NCDOT Transportation Improvement
Program is $747,000, including $301,000 spent in prior years, $46,000 for right-of-way and $400,000 for
construction.
V. NATURAL RESOURCES
Natural resources within the project study area were evaluated to provide: 1) an assessment of existing
vegetation, wildlife, protected species, streams, wetlands, and water quality; 2) an evaluation of probable
impacts resulting from construction; and 3) a preliminary determination of permit needs.
A. Methodology
Materials and research data in support of this investigation have been derived from a number of sources.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute quadrangle topographic maps of Louisburg, NC (USGS
1978) and Ingleside, NC (USGS 1979) were consulted to determine physiographic relief and to assess
landscape characteristics. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) National Wetlands Inventory mapping was
also consulted to determine what potential wetland types may be encountered in the field. Detailed soils
information was obtained from the Franklin County Soil and Water Conservation District. A county soil
4

survey is currently being prepared by Franklin County. Recent aerial photography (scale 1 inch = 200 feet)
was furnished by NCDOT prior to starting the field investigation.
Aerial photography served as the basis for mapping plant communities and wetlands. Plant community
patterns were identified from available mapping sources and then field verified during May 2001. Plant
community descriptions are based on a classification system utilized by the NC Natural Heritage Program
(NHP) (Schafale and Weakley 1990). When appropriate, community classifications were modified to better
reflect field observations. Vascular plant names typically follow nomenclature found in Radford et al.
(1968).
Jurisdictional areas were identified using the three parameter approach (hydrophytic vegetation, hydric
soils, wetland hydrology) following U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) delineation guidelines (DOA
1987). Jurisdictional areas were characterized according to a classification scheme established by
Cowardin et al. (1979).
Water resource information for Bear Swamp Creek was derived from the most recent versions of the Tar-
Pamlico River Basinwide Water Quality Plan (DWQ 1999), Basinwide Assessment Report-Tar-Pamlico
River Basin (DWQ 1998), and several NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) internet resources.
Quantitative sampling was not undertaken to support existing data.
At the time of the field investigation, the most current USFWS list of federal protected species listed for
Franklin County was dated February 26, 2001, and this list was reviewed prior to the field investigation.
Currently, the most recent USFWS list is dated February 18, 2003. No additional species have been listed
for Franklin County. In addition, NHP records, documenting the presence of federal or state listed species
within the project study area were consulted before commencing the field investigation and an updated
records search was performed on December 20, 2001, April 12, 2002 December 10, 2002 and May 15,
2003.
Direct observations of terrestrial and aquatic wildlife were documented, and expected population
distributions were determined through observations of available habitat and review of supportive
documentation found in Martof et al. (1980), Webster et al. (1985), Menhinick (1991), Hamel (1992),
Rohde et al. (1994), and Palmer and Braswell (1995).
Quantative calculations were based on the worst-case scenario using the 100-foot (30-meter) right of way
limits (minus the existing right of way), the width and length of the replacement structure, the width of the
stream for aquatic impacts, and the length of the project approaches. The actual construction impacts
should be less, but without specific replacement structure design information, the worst case was assumed
for the impact calculations.
B. Physiography and Soils
The project study area is located in the Piedmont Physiographic Province of North Carolina. The
topography in the project study area is generally characterized as nearly level. Elevations in the project
study area range from 195 to 250 feet (59 to 76 m) above sea level (USGS 1978, 1979). The project study
area consists of existing maintained right-of-way, pine/hardwood forest, successional land, agricultural
5
land, piedmont alluvial forest, and maintained/disturbed land. Current land use in the project vicinity is a
mixture of rural residential, agriculture and forested.
The project study area crosses four soil mapping units based on information provided by the Franklin
County Soil and Water Conservation District. These soils include Wedowee sandy loam, Helena sandy
loam, Wake-Wateree-Wedowee complex, and Chewacla and Wehadkee soils and are described below.
Wedowee sandy loam is a gently sloping, well-drained soil with a loamy surface layer and clayey subsoil;
on Piedmont uplands. It is derived from felsic crystalline rock.
Helena sandy loam is a strongly sloping, moderately well drained with a loamy surface layer and clayey
subsoil; on Piedmont uplands. It is derived from a mixture of felsic, intermediate, or mafic igneous or high-
grade metamorphic rock.
Wake-Wateree-Wedowee is a gently sloping to moderately steep, excessively drained to well-drained soils
that have a sandy or loamy surface layer and sandy, clayey, or loamy subsoil; on Piedmont uplands. It is
derived from felsic crystalline rock.
Chewacla-Wehadkee is a nearly level, moderately well-drained to poorly drained soils that have a loamy
surface layer and a loamy subsoil; on floodplains and terraces. It is derived from metamorphic or igneous
rock.
Hydric soil units mapped as occurring within the project study area include the Chewacla and Wehadkee
series (Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts and Typic Fluvaquents) which are frequently flooded. Non-hydric soil
units that may contain hydric inclusions mapped as occurring in the project study area include the Helena
series (Aquic Hapludults), which are moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained and may contain
inclusions of Wehadkee in depressions and drainageways. Non-hydric soils mapped as occurring within
the project study area include the Wake-Wateree-Wedowee series (Ldhic Udipsamments-Typic
Dystrochrepts-Typic Kanhapludults).
C. Water Resources
CA. Waters Impacted
The project study area is located within sub-basin 030301 of the Tar-Pamlico River Basin (DEM 1998) and
is part of USGS hydrologic unit 03020101 (USGS 1974). Bear Swamp Creek originates north of SR 1002
in Franklin County and flows southwest to its confluence with the Tar River south of the study area. This
stream has been assigned Stream Index Number (SIN) 28-23 by the DWQ from its source to the Tar River.
C.2. Waters Resource Characteristics
Bear Swamp Creek is a perennial stream with moderate flow over substrate consisting of sand and silt.
The channel ranges in width from 12 to 30 feet (3.7 to 9.1 m). The water depth ranges from 3 feet (0.9 m)
to 5 feet (1.5 m). A geomorphic characterization of the stream section within the project study area
indicates Bear Swamp Creek is an "F" type channel (Rosgen 1996). The stream occurs on a terrace-
bounded alluvial valley and has moderate sinuosity. The "F" designation indicates that the stream has an
entrenched meandering riffle/pool channel on a low gradient with high width/depth ratio (Rosgen 1996).
6
Bear Swamp Creek has been assigned a best usage classification of WSIV NSW (DEM 1993, DENR
2001). The WSIV designation indicates waters protected as water supplies which are generally in
moderately to highly developed watersheds; point source discharges of treated wastewater are permitted
in these waters, pursuant to Rules .0104 and .0211 of 15A NCAC 213; however, local programs to control
nonpoint source and stormwater discharge of pollution are required. The NSW supplemental classification
indicates Nutrient Sensitive Waters which require limitations on nutrient inputs.
No Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW), High Quality Waters (HQW), WS I, or WS-II Waters occur within
1.0 miles (1.6 km) upstream or downstream of the project study area (DEM 1993, DENR 2001). Bear
Swamp Creek is not designated as a North Carolina Natural and Scenic River, nor as a National Wild and
Scenic River.
One method used by DWQ to monitor water quality is through long-term monitoring of macroinvertebrates.
In 1997, benthic macroinvertebrate samples were taken downstream of the study area at SR 1229 on the
Tar River. The sampling location received a bioclassification of Good (DWQ 1998).
Another measure of water quality being used by the DWQ is the North Carolina Index of Biotic Integrity
(NCIBI), which assesses biological integrity using the structure and health of the fish community. No NCIBI
sampling has been completed on this stream or its receiving waters within subbasin 030301 in Franklin
County (DWQ 1998).
Discharges that enter surface waters through a pipe, ditch or other well-defined point of discharge are
broadly referred to as "point sources". A total of 20 permitted dischargers are located in this subbasin.
There are no permitted point source dischargers located on Bear Swamp Creek or any of its upstream
tributaries. One permitted point source discharger is located on the Tar River downstream from the study
area.
C.3. Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources
Short-term impacts to water quality, such as sedimentation and turbidity, may result from construction-
related activities. Temporary construction impacts due to erosion and sedimentation will be minimized
through implementation of a stringent erosion control schedule and the use of BMP's. The contractor will
follow contract specifications pertaining to erosion control measures as outlined in 23 CFR 650 Subpart B
and Article 107-13 entitled Control of Erosion, Siltation, and Pollution pursuant to NCDOT's Standard
Specifications for Roads and Structures. These measures include: the use of dikes, berms, silt basins,
and other containment measures to control runoff and elimination of construction staging areas in
floodplains and adjacent waterways. Disturbed sites will be revegetated with herbaceous cover after any
temporary construction impacts
Other impacts to water quality, such as changes in water temperature as a result of increased exposure to
sunlight due to the removal of stream-side vegetation or increased shade due to the construction of the
bridges, and changes in stormwater flows due to changes in the amount of impervious surface adjacent to
the stream channels, can be anticipated as a result of this project. However, due to the limited amount of
overall change in the surrounding areas, impacts are expected to be temporary in nature.
7
No adverse long-term impacts to water resources are expected to result from the alternatives being
considered. The proposed project calls for replacement of the bridge in-place across Bear Swamp Creek,
which will allow for continuation of present stream flow within the existing channel, thereby protecting
stream integrity. Alternatives with on-site detours (Alt. B and Alt. C) will utilize a temporary bridge which
will also allow for continuation of stream flow.
CA. Impacts Related to Bridge Demolition and Removal
In order to protect the water quality and aquatic life in the area affected by this project, the NCDOT and all
potential contractors will follow appropriate guidelines for bridge demolition and removal. These guidelines
are presented in three NCDOT documents entitled Pre-Construction Guidelines for Bridge Demolition and
Removal, Policy: Bridge Demolition and Removal in Waters of the United States, and Best Management
Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal.
Components of the superstructure will be removed without dropping them into Waters of the United States.
The substructure consists of timber; this will be removed without dropping any portion into Waters of the
United States. It is anticipated that there will be no temporary fill associated with demolition and removal of
the superstructure and substructure.
Because no moratoriums apply, this project falls under Case 3 (no special restrictions) of the Best
Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal.
D. BIOTIC RESOURCES
D.I. Plant Communities
Distribution and composition of plant communities throughout the project study area reflect landscape-level
variations in topography, soils, hydrology, and past and present land use practices. When appropriate, the
plant community names have been adopted and modified from the NHP classification system (Schafale
and Weakley 1990) and the descriptions written to reflect local variations within the project study area.
Five plant communities were identified within the project study area: piedmont/low mountain alluvial forest,
pine woodlands, mixed pine/hardwood forest, agricultural land, maintained/disturbed areas, and
successional areas.
Piedmont Alluvial Forest - This specific community is found within the Bear Swamp Creek floodplain.
The piedmont alluvial forest community is located in river and stream floodplains in which separate fluvial
landforms and associated vegetation zones are too small to distinguish (Schafale and Weakley 1990).
This community is characterized by location in a floodplain and the presence of alluvial species such as
green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), river birch (Betula nigra),
ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana), and box elder (Acer negundo).
Pine Woodlands - The pine woodlands located within the project study area are non jurisdictional and
located on the north and south sides of SR 1235 west of Bear Swamp Creek. These areas appear to have
been planted and managed for timber production. Dominant tree species consist of loblolly pines (Pinus
taeda). Shrub species consists of sweetgum, red maple (Acer rubrum), and tulip poplar (Lifiodendron
tulipifera) saplings. Groundcover species consist of greenbriar (Smilax rotundifolia), trumpet creeper
(Campsis radicans), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), and blackberry (Rubus argutus).
8
Mixed Pine/Hardwood Forest - Dominant species include loblolly pine, red maple, sweetgum, and tulip
poplar. Groundcover consists of blackberry, poison ivy, and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica).
Agricultural Land - The agricultural land consists of active pastures and a fallow field. Pastures located
on the north and south sides of SR 1235 east of Bear Swamp Creek are vegetated with various grasses
and are used for horse grazing. The fallow agricultural field is located on the south side of SR 1235 west
of Bear Swamp Creek. This field is currently vegetated with various grasses.
Maintained/Disturbed Areas - The maintained/disturbed areas located within the project study area
include: roads, road right-of-ways, maintained residential yards, and areas where human related activities
dominate. Roadsides are typically maintained by mowing and/or herbicides. Residential yards are
dominated by various grasses, shrubs, ornamentals, and loblolly pines.
Successional Area - This community type represents land that has been disturbed in the past and has
begun to revert back to a natural state. The successional area located within the project study area has
been logged within the past ten years. Dominant species consist of sweetgum, tulip poplar, Chinese privet
(Ligustrum sinense), winged elm (Ulmus alata), and winged sumac (Rhus copallinum). Groundcover
species consist of blackberry and Japanese honeysuckle.
D.2. Wildlife
The project study area was visually surveyed for signs of terrestrial and aquatic wildlife; however, little
evidence of wildlife was observed during the field effort. The project study area is surrounded by a state
maintained road, agricultural fields and pastures, pine forests and residential yards. Alluvial forests along
streams such as Bear Swamp Creek provide cover and food and allow animals to travel between more
optimal habitats. Other expected wildlife species are those adapted to ecotones between the maintained
roadsides and adjacent natural forest.
Few bird species were observed within or adjacent to the project study area. Bird species observed
include American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), mouming dove (Zenaida macroura), song sparrow
(Melospiza melodia), and blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata). Species that commonly occur in regional alluvial
forests include pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), barred owl (Strix varia), and belted kingfisher
(Megaceryle alcyon).
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) tracks and evidence of beaver (Castor canadensis) activity were
found within the project study area. No other mammals were observed within the project study area.
Other species expected to be found in and around roadside and urban settings include raccoon (Procyon
lotor), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), woodchuck (Marmota monax), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), gray
squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), and eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floddanus). Other species that may use
the Bear Swamp Creek floodplain as a travel corridor include possibly bobcat (Felis rufus).
No terrestrial reptiles were observed within the project study area. Species expected to occur within the
project study area include eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina), eastern garter snake (Thamnophis
shfalis), ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus), and black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta).
9
No terrestrial amphibians were observed within the project study area. Species expected to occur within
the project study area include American toad (Bufo americanus), spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer), and
northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans).
D.3. Aquatic Communities
Fish species documented in the segment of Bear Swamp Creek within the project study area are chain
pickerel (Esox niger), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus),
warmouth (Lepomis gulosus), creek chubsucker (Erimyzon oblongus), and eastern mosquitofish
(Gambusia holbrooki).
No aquatic reptiles were observed within the project study area. Species expected to occur within the
project study area include the northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon), painted turtle (Chrysemys picta),
and common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina).
No aquatic amphibians were observed within the project study area. Species expected to occur within the
project study area include red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens), bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), and
pickerel frog (Rana palustds).
Aquatic invertebrate surveys included kick-net surveys, limited bottom sampling, and walking all
streambanks in the project study area to locate freshwater mussel middens. Visual observation of the
streambanks along Bear Swamp Creek revealed evidence of the eastern elliptio (Elliptio complanata) (a
freshwater mussel) and Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea).
Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled pursuant to current DWQ protocol. Benthic organisms collected
within Bear Swamp Creek were identified to at least Order and Family if possible and include dragonflies
(Odonota: Gomphidae and Calapterygidae), mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae and Siphlonuridae),
caddisflies (Trichoptera: Neophylax, Hydropsychidae and Polycentropodidae), crane flies (Diptera:
Tipulidae), beetles (Coleoptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera:Pedodidae) midges (Diptera:Chironomidae),
aquatic earthworms (Oligochaeta), leeches (Hirudinea), and snails (Gastropods: Physidae). Identifications
are based on McCafferty (1998).
DA. Anticipated Impacts to Biotic Communities
DA.a. Terrestrial Community Impacts
Anticipated impacts to plant communities are estimated based on the approximate acreage of each plant
community present within both the proposed right-of-way and the temporary construction limits of the on-
site alternative location. The proposed right-of-way width is 100 feet (30.5 m). A summary of potential
plant community impacts is presented in Table 2. All plant community impacts are based on aerial
photograph base mapping. A portion of the permanent plant community impact amount will consist of
future right-of-way for the road after bridge replacement is complete.
Permanent impacts due to bridge replacement will result from expansion of the existing right-of-way and
are generally limited to narrow strips adjacent to the existing bridge structure and roadway approach
segments. The right-of-way will be expanded from 60 feet (18.3 m) to 100 feet (30.5 m) resulting in
clearing and maintenance within the new right-of-way.
10
Permanent community impacts for Alternatives A, B, and C are 1.13 acres (0.46 ha), which includes 0.51
acre (0.21 ha) of impacts to forested natural plant communities. Temporary impacts typically consist of on-
site detour routes and/or staging areas. Alternative B has 0.22 acre (0.09 ha) of temporary impact, of
which 0.15 acre (0.06 ha) of impact is to natural forested communities. Alternative C has 0.25 acre (0.10
ha) of temporary impact, of which 0.22 acre (0.09 ha) of impact is to natural forested communities.
Table 2
Potential Impacts to Plant Communities
POTENTIAL IMPACTS
PLANT COMMUNITY acres hectares
ALT A ALT B ALT C
Impacts Impacts Temp. Detour Impacts Temp. Detour
Impacts Im acts
Piedmont Alluvial Forest 0.19 (0.08) 0.19 (0.08) 0.13(0.05) 0.19 (0.08) 0.12(0.05)
Pine Woodlands 0.26 (0.11) 0.26 (0.11) 0.0 0.26 (0.11) 0.10 (0.04)
Mixed Pine/Hardwoods 0.06 (0.02) 0.06 (0.02) 0.02 (0.01 0.06 (0.02) 0.0
Agricultural Land 0.41 (0.17) 0.41 (0.17) 0.0 0.41 (0.17) 0.0
Maintained/Disturbed 0.21 (0.08) 0.21 (0.08) 0.07 (0.03) 0.21 (0.08) 0.03 (0.01)
Total 1.13 1.13 0.22 1.13 0.25
0.46 0.46 0.09 0.46 0.10
TOTAL FOR ALT 1.13 0.46 1.35 0.55 1.38 0.56
Note: Temporary detour impacts are based on the portion of the on-site detour not included in the final construction
limits for the permanent structure.
DA.b. Aquatic Communities Impacts
The proposed bridge replacement will not result in substantial loss or displacement of known aquatic
wildlife population. Potential down-stream impacts to aquatic habitat will be avoided by bridging Bear
Swamp Creek to maintain regular flow and stream integrity. In addition, temporary impacts to downstream
habitat from increased sediment during construction are expected to be reduced by limiting in-stream work
to an absolute minimum, except for the removal of the portion of the sub-structure below the water. BMP-
BDRs will be followed to minimize impacts due to anticipated bridge demolition.
E. SPECIAL TOPICS
E.I. Waters of the United States
Surface waters within the embankments of Bear Swamp Creek are subject to jurisdictional consideration
under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act as "Waters of the United States" (33 CFR 328.3). The surface
waters within Bear Swamp Creek exhibit characteristics of riverine, lower perennial, unconsolidated
bottom, permanently flooded (R2UBH) waters (Cowardin et al. 1979).
11
Wetlands subject to review under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344) are defined by the
presence of three primary criteria: hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation, and evidence of hydrology within
12 inches (31 cm) of the soil surface for a portion (12.5 percent) of the growing season (DOA 1987).
Based on this three-parameter approach, jurisdictional wetlands to occur within the project study area in
the form of palustrine, broad-leaf deciduous forested wetlands (PF01C). Only small portions of the Bear
Swamp Creek floodplain are jurisdictional, and none of these jurisdictional areas are within the
construction limits of the proposed bridge replacement project.
E.2. Anticipated Impacts to Waters of the United States
Temporary and permanent impacts to wetlands and surface waters are estimated based on the amount of
each jurisdictional area within the project limits. Permanent impacts are those areas that will be in the
construction limits and/or the proposed right-of-way of the new structure and approaches. Temporary
impacts include those impacts that will result from temporary construction activities outside of the proposed
right-of-way and/or those associated with staging areas and/or temporary detours. Temporary impacts will
be restored to their original condition after the project has been completed. Potential wetland and surface
water impacts are included in Table 3.
Table 3
Potential Impacts to Jurisdictional Surface Waters
ALT A ALT B ALT C
JURISDICTIONAL

AREAS Temp. Detour Temp. Detour
Impacts Impacts Impacts Impacts Impacts
Surface Water 0.11 0.11 0.05 0.11 0.04
Acres hectares 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.02
Wetland 0 0 0 0 0
0.11 0.11 0.05 0.11 0.04
Total: 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.02
TOTAL FOR ALT: 0.11 0.16 0. 15
Acres hectares 0.04 0.06 0. 06
Stream Channel 100 100 50 100 50
Impacts in Linear (30.5) (30.5) (15.2) (30.5) (15.2)
Feet meters
TOTAL FOR ALT: 100 150 150
Feet (meters) (30.5) (45.7) (45.7)
Note: Temporary detour impacts are based on the portion of the onsite detour not included in the final construction
limits for the permanent structure.
None of the three alternatives impacts jurisdictional wetlands; however, each alternative does impact
jurisdictional surface waters. Within the right-of-way for Alternative A, potential impacts total approximately
0.11 acre (0.04 ha) of R2UBH surface waters along 100 linear feet (30.5 m) of stream channel. Within the
right-of-way for Alternative B, potential impacts total approximately 0.16 acre (0.06 ha) of R2UBH surface
12
waters along 150 linear feet (45.7 m) of stream channel, of which 0.05 acre (0.02 ha) is considered
temporary impact. Within the right-of-way for Alternative C, potential impacts total approximately 0.15 acre
(0.06 ha) of R2UBH surface waters along 150 linear feet (45.7 m) of stream channel, of which 0.04 acre
(0.02 ha) is considered temporary impact. Potential permanent impacts to R2UBH surface waters consist
of 0.11 acre (0.04 ha) for all three alternatives; however, Alternative A does not have the additional
temporary impacts the two other alternatives have as a result of the on-site detours. These potential
impacts are calculated based on the proposed right-of-way limits. These impacts include areas that may
be cleared for the new right-of-way, open water areas that may be spanned by the new bridge and the
bridges associated with the temporary on-site detours. The totals depicted in Table 3 are considered
worst-case scenarios. Most impacts can be avoided by using BMP's and not working directly in streams.
E.3. Permits
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act - In accordance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1344), a permit is required from the USACE for projects of this type for the discharge of dredged or fill
material into "Waters of the United States". The USACE issues two types of permits for these activities. A
general permit may be issued on a nationwide or regional basis for a category or categories of activities
when: those activities are substantially similar in nature and cause only a minimal individual or cumulative
environmental impacts, or when the general permit would result in avoiding unnecessary duplication or
regulatory control exercised by another Federal, state, or local agency provided that the environmental
consequences of the action are individually and cumulatively minimal. If a general permit is not
appropriate for a particular activity, then an individual permit must be utilized. Individual permits are
authorized on a case-by-case evaluation of a specific project involving the proposed discharges.
It is anticipated that this project will fall under Nationwide Permit 23, which is a type of general permit.
Nationwide Permit 23 is relevant to approved Categorical Exclusions. This permit authorizes any activities,
work and discharges undertaken, assisted, authorized, regulated, funded or financed, in whole or in part,
by another federal agency and that the activity is "categorically excluded" from environmental
documentation because it is included within a category of actions which neither individually nor
cumulatively have a significant effect on the environment. Activities authorized under nationwide permits
must satisfy all terms and conditions of the particular permit. However, final permit decisions are left to the
discretionary authority of the USACE.
Section 401 Water Quality Certification - A 401 Water Quality Certification, administered through the
DWQ, will also be required. This certification is issued for any activity which may result in a discharge into
waters for which a federal permit is required. According to the DWQ, one condition of the permit is that the
appropriate sediment and erosion control practices must be utilized to prevent exceedances of the
appropriate turbidity water quality standard.
E.4. Tar-Pamlico River Buffer Rule
Since the study area is within the Tar-Pamlico River Drainage Basin, jurisdictional surface waters are
subject to the Tar-Pamlico River Riparian Buffer Rules. The Buffer Rules apply to a 50 ft (15.2 m) wide
riparian buffer directly adjacent to surface waters in the Tar-Pamlico River Drainage Basin. This includes
intermittent streams, perennial streams, lakes, ponds, and estuaries that are depicted on USGS maps and
county soil survey maps, but does not include jurisdictional wetlands (non-surface waters) regulated under
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Bear Swamp Creek is mapped on the USGS map and the Franklin
13
County soils map and will be subject to the Buffer Rules. The riparian buffer consists of two distinct zones.
Zone 1 comprises a 30 ft (9.1 m) wide area adjacent to the surface water that cannot be disturbed except
for those specific activities that are allowed by the Buffer Rules. Zone 2 comprises a 20 ft (6.1 m) wide
area adjacent to Zone 1 that is to be left undisturbed except for those activities specifically allowed by the
Buffer Rules.
Activities in the buffer area beyond the footprint of the existing use are classified as either "exempt",
"allowable"," allowable with mitigation", or " prohibited". Table 4 provides a list of activities that may be
subject to buffer rules within the project study area along with their classifications. Depending upon project
alternatives, not all of the uses listed may apply, and other uses not listed here, such as utility crossings
and roadside drainage ditches, among others, may be regulated under the buffer rules. Guidelines will be
consulted in entirety to review all project related uses subject to the buffer rules.
Table 4
Activities That May Be Subject To the Buffer Rules in the Project Study Area
Use Exempt Allowable Allowable With Prohibited
Mitigation
Bridges X
Road crossings that impact less
than or equal to 40 linear feet X
12m

Road crossings that impact
greater than 40 linear feet (12 m)
but less than or equal to 150 X
linear feet (46 m) or 0.33 acres
0.13 ha of riparian area.
Road crossings that impact
greater than 150 linear feet (46 m) X
or greater than 0.33 acres (0.13
ha of riparian buffer
Temporary roads used for bridge
construction or replacement
provided that restoration activities X
such as soil stabilization and
revegetation occur immediately
after construction.
Activities deemed "exempt" will be designed, constructed, and maintained to minimize soil disturbance and
to provide the maximum water quality protection practicable. "Allowable" activities may proceed within the
riparian buffer provided that there are no practicable alternatives to the requested use. Written
authorization from the DWQ or delegated local authority is required. Activities deemed "allowable with
mitigation" may proceed within the riparian buffer if there are no practicable alternatives to the requested
use and an appropriate mitigation strategy has been approved. Written authorization from the DWQ or
14
delegated local authority is required. "Prohibited" activities, none of which are listed above, may not
proceed within the riparian buffer unless a variance is granted from the DWQ or delegated local authority.
Alternative A expands the existing right-of-way from 60 feet (18.3 m) to 100 feet (30.5 m), resulting in 40
feet (12.2 m) of impact to riparian buffer through clearing of forested vegetation in Zones 1 and 2. Buffer
impacts resulting from Alternative A should be "Exempt". Alternative B results in an additional 50 feet (15.2
m) of clearing of existing buffer resulting from the temporary on-site detour. Alternative C also results in an
additional 50 feet (15.2 m) of clearing of existing buffer resulting from the temporary on-site detour. Buffer
impacts resulting from Alternative B or C will total 90 linear feet (27.4 m) and should be "Allowable".
Since portions of the project study area are within the 50 ft (15.2 m) riparian buffer zone, measurements
should be taken prior to initiating any activities on the site in order to keep any stockpiled material a
minimum of 50 ft (15.2) from this stream channel. Silt fences should also be erected around any stockpiled
material in order to minimize the chance of erosion or run-off from affecting the stream channel.
E.5. Mitigation Evaluation
Avoidance - Each alternative contains jurisdictional open water areas, which will be subject to impact.
However, open water will be bridged from high ground to high ground such that no fill will be placed in the
Waters of the United States for any of the alternatives. Each alternative also contains riparian buffers,
which will be subject to unavoidable impact resulting from clearing activities for the expanded right-of-way.
Minimization - Of the three alternatives studied, Alternative A will impact the least amount of open water
area and riparian buffer. Efforts to minimize impacts to open water areas and riparian buffer have been
made by reducing the side slope of SR 1235 from a desired 6:1 slope to a maximum of 2:1.
Mitigation - Compensatory mitigation is not proposed for this project due to the limited nature of project
impacts. However, BMPs will be used in an effort to minimize impacts, including avoiding placing staging
areas within wetlands. Temporary impacts associated with the construction activities will be mitigated by
replanting disturbed areas with native species and removal of any temporary fill material within the
floodplain upon project completion.
Mitigation should not be required for the potential buffer impacts based on Table 4.
F. RARE AND PROTECTED SPECIES
F.1. Federally Protected Species
Species with the federal classification of Endangered (E) or Threatened (T), Proposed Endangered (PE),
and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under provisions of Section 7 and Section 9 of the
Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 of seq.). The following federal
protected species are listed for Franklin County (USFWS list dated February 18, 2003):
15
Table 5
Federally Protected Species for Franklin County, NC
Common Name Scientific Name Status Biological Conclusion
Dwarf wed emussel Alasmidonta heterodon E May Effect/Not Likely to Adverse) Effect-
Tar sin mussel Elli do steinstansana E No Effect
Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxii E No Effect
Enda ed ti
nger - any na ve or once-native species in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range
NHP files document one occurrence of an endangered species within 3.0 miles (4.8 km) of the project
study area. The dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) has been documented 3.0 miles (4.8 km)
southeast of the project study corridor along the Tar River at NC 56.
Dwarf wedgemussel - The dwarf wedgemussel rarely exceeds 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in length. The outer
shell is brown or yellowish brown with faint green rays, and the nacre is bluish or silvery white. The shells
of the females are somewhat wider than those of males.
This mussel species typically inhabits streams with moderate flow velocities and substrates varying in
texture from gravel and coarse sand to mud with little silt deposition (FWS 1993). It is generally found in
association with other mussels but is never very numerous. As with other mussel species, the dwarf
wedgemussel has suffered from excess siltation in streams and rivers and from the toxic effects of various
pollutants entering waterways.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: May Effect/Not Likely to Adversely Affect
A survey was performed by Mr. John M. Alderman of Alderman Environmental Services, Inc. on June 1
and 5, 2003. The survey limits were 1300 it (400 m) downstream and 330 ft (100 m) upstream of the
bridge crossing. No specimens of Dwarf wedgemussel were found.
Tar spinymussel -The Tar spinymussel is a small, subrhomboidal mussel that grows to approximately 2.5
inches (6.4 cm) in length. The external shell of the adult is smooth, orange-brown to dark brown, and
ornamented by one or two rows of short spines up to 0.2 inch (0.5 cm) long. The shell is thicker on the
anterior end and thinner on the posterior end. Preferred habitat of the spiny mussel includes relatively fast-
flowing, well-oxygenated, circumneutral water over a silt-free, noncompacted, gravel/coarse sand substrate
(FWS 1992).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
A survey was performed by Mr. John M. Alderman of Alderman Environmental Services, Inc. on June 1
and 5, 2003. The survey limits were 1300 it (400 m) downstream and 330 ft (100 m) upstream of the
bridge crossing. No specimens of Tar spinymussel were found.
Michaux's sumac - Michaux's sumac is a dioecious, densely pubescent rhizomatous shrub, generally 2
to 3 feet (0.6 to 0.9 m) in height that produces fruits and seeds in late summer. In the Piedmont, Michaux's
sumac appears to prefer clay soil derived from mafic rocks or sandy soil derived from granite. Michaux's
16
sumac typically grows in disturbed areas where competition is reduced by periodic fire or other
disturbances, and may grow along roadside margins or utility right-of-ways (Weakley 1993). Due to the
absence of suitable soil types and habitat within the project study area, no impacts to this species are
expected as a result of this project.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No effect
The project study area does contain vegetative communities that could potentially support Michaux's
sumac although the mapped soil units do not appear to be clay or granite derived as is typically
encountered. A species specific surrey performed during the field investigation revealed no specimens of
Michaux's sumac.
F.2. Federal Species of Concern
The February 18, 2003 FWS list also includes a category of species designated as "Federal species of
concern" (FSC). The FSC designation provides no federal protection under the ESA for the species listed.
The presence of potential suitable habitat (Amoroso 1999, LeGrand and Hall 1999) within the project study
area has been evaluated for the FSC species listed for Franklin County and are presented in Table 6.
Table 6
Federal Species of Concern (FSC) for Franklin County, NC
Common Name Scientific Name Potential
Habitat State
Status*
Pinewoods shiner L hrurus matutinus N SR
Yellow lance Elli fio lanceolata Y T
Atlantic i toe Fusconaia masoni Y T
Yellow lam mussel Lam silis cariosa Y T
Flatrock panic grass Panicum I?thophilum N SR-T
Carolina madtom Noturus furiosus Y SR
Threatened (T) - any native or once-native species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable
future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Significantly Rare (SR) - species which are very rare, generally with 1-20 populations in the state, and generally reduced in
numbers by habitat destruction.
NHP files document three occurrences of FSC within 3.0 miles (4.8 km) of the project study area. The
yellow lance (Elliptio lanceolata) has been documented 3.0 miles (4.8 km) southeast of the project study
corridor along the Tar River at NC 56. Atlantic pigtoe (Fusconaia masoni) and yellow lampmussel
(Lampsilis cadosa) have been documented 3.0 miles (4.8 km) west of the project study area along the Tar
River at SR 1003. No FSC were identified during the site visit.
F.3. State Protected Species
Plant and animal species which are on the North Carolina state list as Endangered (E), Threatened (T), or
Special Concern (SC), receive limited protection under the North Carolina Endangered Species Act (G.S.
113-331 et seq.) and the North Carolina Plant Protection Act of 1979 (G.S.106-202 et seq.).
17
NHP records indicate that in addition to the aforementioned federal species of concern, three other state-
listed species have been documented within 3.0 miles (4.8 km) of the project study area. Triangle floater
(Alasmidonta undulata), which is listed by the State as T has been documented 3.0 miles (4.8 km)
southeast of the project study corridor along the Tar River at NC 56. Neuse River waterdog (Necturus
lewisi), which is listed by the State as SC has been documented 3.0 miles (4.8 km) west of the project
study corridor along the Tar River at SR 1003. Squawfoot (Strophitus undulatus), which is listed by the
State as T has been documented 3.0 miles (4.8 km) southeast of the project study corridor along the Tar
River at NC 56.
VI. CULTURAL RESOURCES
A. Compliance Guidelines
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as
amended, implemented by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance
with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800. Section 106 requires Federal agencies to take into account
the effect of their undertakings (federally funded, licensed, or permitted) on properties included in or
eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and to afford the Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation a reasonable opportunity to comment on such undertakings. This project has been
coordinated with the North Carolina State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) in accordance with the
Advisory Council's regulations and FHWA procedures.
B. Historic Architecture
In their August 6, 2001, memorandum the SHPO stated "We have conducted a review of the project area
and are aware of no properties of architectural, historic, or archaeological significance, which would be
affected by the project. Therefore, we have no comment on the project as currently proposed." A copy of
the SHPO memorandum is included in the Appendix.
C. Archaeology
In their August 6, 2001, memorandum the SHPO stated "We have conducted a review of the project area
and are aware of no properties of architectural, historic, or archaeological significance, which would be
affected by the project. Therefore, we have no comment on the project as currently proposed." A copy of
the SHPO memorandum is included in the Appendix.
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
The project is expected to have an overall positive impact. Replacement of inadequate bridges will result
in safer traffic operations.
The project is considered a Federal "Categorical Exclusion" due to its limited scope and lack of substantial
environmental consequences.
Replacement of Bridge No. 40 will not have an adverse effect on the quality of the human or natural
environment. The project should have an overall positive impact due to the improvement of existing, poor
bridge conditions.
18
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or zoning regulation. No change in land use
is expected to result from the construction of the project.
No adverse impact on families or communities is anticipated. Right-of-way acquisition will be limited. No
relocates are expected with implementation of the proposed alternative.
In compliance with Executive Order 12898 (Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority
Populations and Low Income Populations) a review was conducted to determine whether minority of low-
income populations were receiving disproportionately high and adverse human health and environmental
impacts as a result of this project. The investigation determined the project would not disproportionately
impact any minority or low-income populations.
There is the possibility that the overhead power line and the Sprint telephone line may be impacted. This
determination will be made during final design.
No adverse effect on public facilities or services is expected. The project is not expected to adversely
affect social, economic, or religious opportunities in the area.
The studied route does not contain any bicycle accommodations, nor is it a designated bicycle route;
therefore, no bicycle accommodations have been included as part of this project.
This project has been coordinated with the United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources
Conservation Service. The Farmland Protection Policy Act requires all federal agencies or their
representatives to consider the potential impact to prime farmland for all land acquisition and construction
projects. The proposed project involves replacing the bridge in its existing location; therefore, no impacts
to prime or locally important farmland are anticipated.
No publicly owned parks or recreational facilities, wildlife and waterfowl refuges, or historic sites of national,
state or local significance in the immediate vicinity of the project will be impacted. The proposed project
will not require right-of-way acquisition or easement from any land protected under Section 4(f) of the
Department of Transportation Act of 1966.
No adverse effects to air quality are expected to result from this project. This project is an air quality
"neutral" project, so it is not required to be included in the regional emissions analysis (if applicable), and a
project level CO analysis is not required. Since the project is located in an attainment area, 40 CFR Part 51
is not applicable. If vegetation or wood debris is disposed of by open burning, it shall be done in
accordance with applicable local laws and regulations of the North Carolina State Implementation Plan
(SIP) for air quality in compliance with 15 NCAC 2D.0520 and 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and the
National Environmental Policy Act. This evaluation completes the assessment requirements for air quality,
and no additional reports are required.
Ambient noise levels may increase during the construction of this project; however this increase will be
only temporary and usually confined to daylight hours. There should be no notable change in traffic
volumes after this project is complete. Therefore, this project will have no adverse effect on existing noise
levels. Noise receptors in the project area will not be impacted by this project. This evaluation completes
19
the assessment requirements for highway noise set forth in 23 CFR Part 772. No additional reports are
required.
During the site visit, observation revealed no existence of underground storage tanks or hazardous waste
sites in the project area.
Franklin County is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Regular Program. The bridge is not
located in a Detailed Study Area, but is located in a Zone A floodplain. The replacement structure is
proposed as an in-kind replacement and in the absence of historical problems, increased flood impacts
associated with this bridge replacement are not anticipated. The approximate 100-year floodplain in the
project area is shown in Figure 9.
Geotechnical borings for the bridge foundation will be necessary.
Based on the above discussion, it is concluded that no substantial adverse environmental impacts will
result from the replacement of Bridge No. 40.
VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
No formal public involvement program was initiated. Efforts were undertaken early in the planning process
(June 2001) to contact local officials to involve them in the project development with a scoping letter.
IX. AGENCY COMMENTS
Agency comments are summarized below. Letters from the commenting agencies are included in the
appendix.
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) - NCWRC indicated that "there are records
of state and federally listed mussels in the project vicinity. Therefore, due to the potential for impacts to
listed species we request the NCDOT perform a mussel survey prior to the construction of this bridge."
Response: NCDOT Environmental Specialist have conducted a mussel survey on June 1 and 5,
2003, and found no species.
Franklin County Schools - The Franklin County school system commented that "this crossing provides
significant access to other county roads traveled by our buses." They requested to be notified as soon as
possible in advance of bridge closure so they may plan their bus routing.
Response: NCDOT will provide adequate notice to Franklin County Schools so they may plan
their bus routing.
20
X. REFERENCES
Amoroso, J.L. 1999. Natural Heritage Program List of the Rare Plant Species of North Carolina. North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, N.C. Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources, Raleigh. 85 pp.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater
Habitats of the United States. FWS/OBS-79/31. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior,
Washington, DC. 103 pp.
Department of the Army (DOA). 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Tech. Rpt. Y-
87-1. US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. 100 pp.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). 2000. Active NPDES Permits.
http;//h2o.enr.state.nc.us/NPDES/documents/permits.xls
DENR. 2001. NC Waterbodies Listed by Subbasin. Web Address: h20.enr.state.nc.us/bims/reports
Division of Environmental Management (DEM). 1993. Classifications and Water Quality Standards
Assigned to the Waters of the Tar-Pamlico River Basin. North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources, Raleigh.
Division of Water Quality (DWQ). 1998. Basinwide Assessment Report - Tar-Pamlico River Basin.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Raleigh, NC. 131 pp.
DWQ. 1999. Tar-Pamlico River Basinwide Water Quality Plan. Department of Environment and Natural
Resources. Raleigh, NC. 165 pp.
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). 1992. Tar Spinymussel Recovery Plan. US Department of the Interior,
FWS. Asheville, NC. 41 pp.
FWS. 1993. Dwarf Wedgemussel Recovery Plan. US Department of the Interior, FWS. Hadley, MA. 39
PI).
Hamel, P.B. 1992. Land Manager's Guide to the Birds of the South. The Nature Conservancy,
Southeastern Region, Chapel Hill, NC. 437 pp.
LeGrand, H.E., Jr., and S.P. Hall. 1999. Natural Heritage Program List of the Rare Animal Species of
North Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, N.C.
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Raleigh. 91 pp.
Martof, B.S., W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey, and J.R. Harrison III. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles of the
Carolinas and Virginia. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 264 pp.
McCafferty, W. P. 1998. Aquatic Entomology. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA. 448pp.
21
Menhinick, E.F. 1991. The Freshwater Fishes of North Carolina. North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, Raleigh. 227 pp.
Palmer, W.M. and A.L. Braswell. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. The University of North Carolina
Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 412 pp.
Radford, A. E., H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of The Carolinas. The
University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 1182 pp.
Rohde, F.C., R.G Arndt, D.G. Lindquist, and J.F. Parnell. 1994. Freshwater Fishes of the Carolinas,
Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 222 pp.
Rosgen, D. 1996. Applied River Geomorphology. Wildland Hydrology, Inc. Pagosa Springs, CO. 365 pp.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina:
Third Approximation. Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, N.C. Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Raleigh. 325 pp.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1974. Hydrologic Units Map, State of North Carolina.
USGS. 1978. Louisburg, NC 7.5-minute topographic quad
USGS. 1979. Ingleside, NC 7.7-minute topographic quad.
Weakley, A. S. 1993. Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas and Virginia. Working Draft of November 1993.
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources. 575 pp.
Webster, W.D., J.F. Parnell, and W.C. Biggs, Jr. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland.
The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 255 pp.
22
FIGURES
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Korth Carolina Department of
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FIGURE I
AREA LOCATION MAP
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FRANKLIN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
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SPEED
LIMIT
55
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SCALE IN MILES
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FIGURE 4
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FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP
FIL-?NKLIN COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
AND INCOW'WvITED AREAS
PANEL 115 CF 425
':? i+:.C tAAP Ff:LLR f?+Sl J,RM1e i. :. ]-T Y-It o)
nxuryw :amrr ?m?n .xu r,
i
?a In law' Tay F.w F.?; r ?r4
1 AP h;Ut1BER
31?9C0115 D
EFFECTIVE DATE:
f ?? JANUARY 19, 2001
j F'a4u;1 l:r.crbcn:'y hts. ,.enr Ad::?
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SR 1235 (Dyking Road)
Replace Bridge No. 40 over
Bear Swamp Creek
Franklin County, North Carolina
TIP NO. B-4515
FEMA 100-YEAR FLOOD PLAIN
MAP
Not to Scale FIGURE 9
APPENDIX
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Wilmington District
Action ID: 200220003 TIP: B-4515 County: Franklin
NOTIFICATION OF JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION
Project Proponent: NCDOT Agent: Environmental Services Inc.
Address: Division of Highways ATTN: Mr. Jeff Harbour, PWS
William D. Gilmore, P.E., 524 New Hope Road
Manager Raleigh, North Carolina 27610
PDEA Branch
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Telephone No.: [phone] [phone]
Location of Property (waterbody, Hilihway name/number, town, etc.): Existing Bridge No. 40 on
SR 1235 over Bear Swamp Creek.
Basis for Determination: The site contains wetlands, as indicated on the data forms submitted on
August 22, 2001, and stream channels with indicators of ordinary high water marks. The wetlands are
located adjacent to Bear Swamp Creek, a tributary to the Tar River.
Indicate Which of the Following Apply:
There are waters of the U.S., to include wetlands, on the above described property which we strongly suggest
should be delineated and surveyed. The surveyed wetland lines must be verified by our staff before the Corps will
make a final jurisdictional determination on your property.
Because of the size of your property and our present workload, our identification and delineation of your wetlands
cannot be accomplished in a timely manner. You may wish to obtain a consultant to obtain a more timely
delineation of the wetlands. Once the consultant has flagged a wetland line on the property, Corps staff will
review it, and, if it is accurate, we strongly recommend that you have the line surveyed for final approval by the
Corps. The Corps will not make a final jurisdictional determination on your property without an approved survey.
X The waters of the U.S., to include wetlands, within the project limits, have been delineated, as shown in the
August 22, 2001 submittal, and a desktop verification of Corps jurisdiction has been completed on this date.
Unless there is a change in the law or our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period
not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
There are no waters of the U.S., to include wetlands, present on the above described property which are subject to
the permit requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1344). Unless there is a change in the law
or our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the
date of this notification.
Placement of dredged or fill material in wetlands on this property without a Department of the
Army Permit is in most cases a violation of Section 301 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1311), A
permit is not required for work on the property restricted entirely to existing high ground. If you
have any questions regarding the Corps of Engineers regulatory program, please contact
Eric Alsmeyer at tel hone ber (919) 876 - 8441 extension 23
Project Manager Signature ?.
Date October 4, 2001 + xpiration Date October 4, 2006
SURVEY PLAT OR FIELD SKETCH OF THE DESCRIBED PROPERTY AND THE WETLAND
DELINEATION FORM MUST BE ATTACHED TO THE FILE COPY OF THIS FORM.
Ns <"1 {hI(',Y'I'It1N OF :AIl•11N1S"I,
RATIN'U' Al'l'FAL OPTIONS AND PR(WESS AND

n >lI ant: NCDOT I'Il' 13-4515 it File Number: ?(.)0220003 Date: October -t, 2001
- --
Auacltcd is: See Section be-10"-
_ INITIAL PI:OFFLIZED PERMIT (Stand:u-d Permit or LCtter of I cal issiozl)
?PROFFERED PERMIT (Stmidard Permit or Iwcttcr of permission) B
PEIZi11IT DENIAL C
-
X APPROVED JUR.ISDICTIONAL DETEUUNIINATION D
PI:ELI:?1IN11I:Y JURTSDICT 1ON??L DET'EI:11IN??'I'10?? E
cd" 1'(t?', I -?Thu 16111w. -ill", i?lcutii??s vour ti;1lrts :ui?l ii}tti its t<< .;ucl?n! :pit ,?a,t?u?t. tr;tt?.~. al,} al ??lVth? aLu?c
tk mslon. i\thlitional infornrilion tnu,N, he 661111(k it in(tln t? .? ,? ni :,icy tfinr. nttl ut? ??'fune 1??in?;-? r<?c(t?tu rt?:? r,r
( ut 'r nl:n?Dills al .i i U It 1)xt 31
A: INITIAL PROFFERED PERMIT: You may accept or object to the pcrnit.
• ACCEPT: If you rcceivcd a Standard Pcrnut, you may sign tltc permit locum :ut and return it to the district engineer for final
autlicrization. If you rcceivcd a Letter of" Permission (LOP), you may accept the LOP and your work is authorized. Your simiature
on the Standard Permit or acceptance of the LOP ilicanns that you accept the permit in its entirety, and v;aive all rights to appeal the
pernnit, including; its terns and conditions, and approved jurisdictional determinations associated with the permit.
• OBJECT: If you object to the pennit (Standard or LOI') because of certain wrimi and conditions therein, you may request that the
permit be modified accordin'-ly. You must complete Section II of this form and return the fora to the district engineer. Your
objections must be received by the district en-incer within 60 days of the date of this notice, or you will forfeit your ri bt to appeal
the permit in the future. Upon receipt of your letter, the district engin:er will evaluate your objections and may: (a) modify the
pemnit to address all of your concerns, (b) modify the pemnit to address some of your objections, or (c) not modify the pennit having
determined that the pennit should be issued as previously v-Tittcn. After evaluating your objections, the district engineer will send
you a proffered pennit for your reconsideration, as indicated in Section 13 below.
B: PROFFERED PERMIT: You may accept or appeal the pennit
• ACCEPT: If you received a Standard Permit, you nnay sign the pcrnit document and return it to the district engineer for final
authorization. If you received a Letter of Permission (LOP), you may accept the LOP and your,.voik is authorized. Your signature
on th;. Standard Pernnit or acceptance of the LOP means that you accept the pernnit in its entirety, and waive all rir,,hts to appeal the
permit, including its terns and conditions, and approved jurisdictional dctcmiinations associated with tine permit.
• APPEAL: If you choose to decline the proffered permit (Standard or LOP) because of certain terns and conditions thercin, you
may appeal the declined permit under the Corps of Engineers Administrative Appeal Process by completing Section II of this form
and sending the form to the division engineer. This form must be received by the division engineer within 60 days of the date of this
notice.
C: PERMIT DENIAL: You may appeal the denial of a pcrnit under the Corps of Engineers Administrative Appeal Process by
completing Section II of this form and sending the form to the division engineer. Tliis form nnust be received by the division engineer
within 60 days of the date of this notice.
D: APPROVED JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION: You may accept or appeal the approved JD or provide new
information.
• ACCEPT: You do not need to notify the Corps to accept an approvcd JD. Failure to notify the Corps within 60 days of the date of
this notice, nncans that you accept the approved JD in its entirety, and waive all rights to appeal the approved ID.
• APPEAL: If you disaorce with the approvcd JD, you may appeal the approved JD under the Corps of Euuginecrs Administrative
Appeal Process by completing Section 11 of this fomn and sending the form to the division crioincer. This fonn must be received by
the division engineer within 60 days of the date of this notice.
E: PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION: You do not need to respond to the Corps regarding the
preliminaryJD. The Preliminary JD is not appealable. If you wish, you may request an approved JD (which maybe appealed), by
contactin;2 the Corps district for further instruction. Also you may provide new information for further consideration by the Corps to
reevaluate; the JD.
?I?C I ItJ,?, II - IZ1?(,i(11,? F FOR, APPLAL or 1^?ITIA1- 111,0)1-T1"1E11) PFR\11'1'

---........ ...._. .... ..... ._.._..
ADDITIONAL INF-MINIA`I ION: i he appeal is limited to a Ievlew of th. adivil.nistratlve record, the Comps memorandum for the record
of the appeal conference or meeting, and any supplemental information that the review officer leas determined is needed to clarify the
administrative record. Neither the ap poltant nor the Corps inay add now information or analyses to the record. I lowcver. you may
provide additional information to clarify tltc location of information that is alreadv in the administrative record.
I'C-11 ?'1O1? ?'t) l'At-"1' I?t)IZ QUIDS 1`IC)NS UfZ INFORMATION:
If you have questions re-arding this decision and.f"or the If you only have questions regarding the appeal process you may also

appeal process you may contact: contact:
Mr. Eric C. Alsmeyer, Rcmilatory Project Mana-ver Mr. Arthur- Middlcton, Administrative Appeal Review Ofiiccr
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilntingtoll District CESAD-EI'-('O-R
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Atlantic Division
6508 Palls of Neusc Road, Suite 120 60 Forsyth Street, Room 9iM 15
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615-6814
- -- - _ Atlanta, Gcor'L'a 30303-8801
---_--,- ---- _
... __ -
---
RIGII'h OP ENTRY: Your signature helow "rants the right of entry to Corps of I nq,ulecr. i personnel, and any ,mcniment consultam s,
to conduct investigations of the project site during, time course of the appeal process. You will be provide(] a 15 day notice of any site
invcsti+-,ation. and will have the opportunity to paltici atc in all site uncsti::anon,.
l mate: Telephone number:
i
Sigmaturc of appellant or a??cn1.
DIVISION ENGINEER:
Commander
U.S. Army Entiincer Division, South atlantic
60 Forsyth Street. Hoorn 9,NI15
Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3.190
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual) `~?
Project/Site: Bn% r Date: S/?ItoI
Applicant/Owner. County (= oWlln
Investigator:. State: IV C_
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? No Community ID: p 41

Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)?
Yes ,
Transect ID:
W?} L-`?
Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yesl& _
Plot ID: W
(If needed, explain on reverse
VEGETATION
Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. i '. t qc. F R64'-i- saAS;b'%ll`s H F&,,/
2. a ( ! r
BAG
10.11ar(k5 Ger?txus
OgL
1
3- 11. ?Q f'UC SdA. (
1 l
4. &Qo? I\ it
b 12.
(?
r
5. lot vc{aw?? r 9Lv
rvrr vW Vet _
? C+ 13.
lr
6. ?aliQ(nus ?aAdvAr(ar1q C
J F/ c. 14.
7.
13.
+ 15.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL. FACW or
FAC (excluding FAC-)
Remarks:
fret Lp)Qe' W UL-1
HYDROLOGY

-Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
-Stream. Lake or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
-Aerial Photographs -Inundated
Other Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
-
Y
JV No Recorded Data Available
-Water Marks
Drift Lines
-Sediment Deposits

Field Observations: -Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
O
Depth of Surface Water:
(in.) Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
X( Water-Stained Leaves
1j
Depth to Free Water in Pit: 1 (in.) -Local Sol Survey Data

/ _FAC-Neutral Test
Depth to Saturated Sol:
g (in.) -Other (Explain in Remarksl
.Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name Al I

Series and Phase)- (/ Wad + kekke Drainage Class:
( /-

`L 0
xr)
Feld Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Confirm Mapped Type: Yes No
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color
inches Horizon (Munsell Moist) Mottle Colors Mottle
onjpst
e/C
(Munsell Moist) Abundanc Texture, Concretions,
St" hire, etc.
Y ?la r
l
?
?.s yQ ?l?P mor.t/,d;5t?
Is?B+ ?.sY s/ ?.?YR Sl< < t i?. ?
Hydric Sol Indicators:
_ Histosol
Histic Epipedon _ Concretions
_ High Organic Content in Surface layer in Sandy Soils
_
_ Sulfide Odor _ Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
Listed on Local Hydric Soils List
-
_ Aquic Moisture Regime
Reducing Conditions _
_/-I'Listed on National Hydric Soils List -
_
Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors _ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
y
-, WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? a No (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology Present? a No
Hydric Soils Present? Yes No
(Circle)
Is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? Yes No
Remarks:
HJL
8/93
Approved by HOUSACE 2192

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION ?`
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
Project/Site: is"" ND, ySJS - '-Can 5wgr,d
Applicant/Owner: /vC por
Investigator: .E SZ Ccec.(C Date: ?f 0l<
County: lZ_i+aAki,
State: /V C ,

Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site?
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)?
Is the area a potential Problem Area?
(If needed, explain on reverse ( No
Yes Q
YcK& Community ID: No tyo,d
Transect ID: t,?r}}
Plot ID: d
VEGETATION
Dominant Plant Species
'--&?4n4.? Strnttim
S Indiecator
EAC Dominant Plant S??necies ` 5t'attfim Indicator
s. TbSti[Dti4vdlol 114ci?faw.ti V PAC AL
2. C4IAkS -,qP ,%iaAg
? S E AC- 10- SMIJaX h??.nd,?t0?(0. ? FA-C
-1
3- ??' 0. n t`r? P0.
S
Ff?Cw
11.
/?
4. L?4u?, bah s?nn , S PV + 12.
5. 13.
14.
7.
L6 -- f3.

Pc? Gg ` ;
IN I

V

?4L 15.

16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW or FAC (excluding FAC-) -7-1c?_)
(ai
Remarks:
(( ,11
S41?u,?p cLftc, ?1.E`t, ,4.qA 7100
?4iA ?Utlt-c.
HYDROLOGY
-Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
-Stream, Lake or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_Aerial Photographs -Inundated
Other -Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
-
xNo Recorded Dat
A
il
bl -Water Marks
a
va
a
e -Drift Lines
Sediment Deposits

Field Observations: -
-Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water:
(in.) -Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
Water-Stained Leaves
Depth to Free Water in Pit: 7L? (in.) -
-Local Sol Survey Data
J
D
7? _FAC-Neutral Test
epth to Saturated Sol-
o (in.) -Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
No o 4'mkco6v ???v ?or5

SUILS
Map Unit Name l /
[??{r'?e ?t c Daf-
(Series and Phase):
Drainage Class:
Feld Obseniations
rr( Jj
f'?S Confirm Mapped T ype: Yes Jo
Taxonomy (Subgroup): kulf- p{cultic
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle
Abundance/Cri ist
nsell Moist)
(M Texture, Concretions,
Stnrcture. etc.
u
inches Horizon (Munsell Moist) _
o-? I
s

oa
10 'Ju
rc>48 } !o YRs?4---- - --^ l a
Hydric Soil Indicators:
Histosol _ Concretions
_
Histic Epipedon _ High Organic Content in Surface layer in Sandy Soils
_
Sulfide Odor _ Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
_
Aquic Moisture Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Soils List
_
Reducing Conditions _ Listed on National Hydric Soils List
_
Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors - Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
I
[N
O n-

WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? es No (Circle) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes
N
Is this Sampling Point Within
a Wetland? Yes Na
o
Hydric Soils Present? Yes
Remarks:
Approved by HQUSACE 2/92
HJL
8/93

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION `
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual) W L ('-
Project/Site: Qn???? /YO. ?1S1S- &at, &v11J, p Date: sly la
Applicant/Owner: fVC-C) dl- Y County: pil ,al ,-1)11
Investigator-. -5,r- State• NC.
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? No Community ID: "o,,vjct
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes (0) Transect ID: t. Ll _
Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes Plot ID: 1IjQ
(If needed, explain on reverse
VEGETATION
Dominant Plant Species
1- ACef- ncc?o?fr Stratum
- % Indicator
JC;4rc Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
s._pc(-?Jd, \,"a c" N
r
2. _ 10.
3.
@
(? (?ut? S C
C??V? 11.
f?
??
4• ?0, MOM
o- S FA(,\,j 12.
t
G•
7. _ MC
V
?
.
W
? •?Xf,,,1L .S

H

Fkij} 14.

15.
I
• _
_
_
8.- AaO 6 04dO" -8- Lkvi? 1G.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL. FACW or

FAC (excluding FAC-)
/?. rD??
l
Remarks: r II- 1,
L&
dW tl ?5?
HYDROLOGY
-Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_Stream. Lake or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
-Aerial Photographs -Inundated
Other XSaturated in Upper 12 Inches
-
No Recorded Data Available -Water Marks
Drift Lines
-Sediment Deposits

Feld Observations: -Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
O
Depth of Surface Water: (in.) Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
Wat
r-St
i
d L

Depth to Free Water in Pit: (in.) e
a
ne
eaves
-Local Sol Survey Data
/
O _FAC-Neutral Test
Depth to Saturated Sol: /
(in.1 -Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name Drainage Class: t?
(Series and Phase): (?j(7Qc?t VV?a66 Feld Observations
Confirm Mapped Type: Yes N
Taxonomy (Subgroup): I?11'? Vi4di /? ?YS r
Profile Description:

h
D

Matrix Color

Mottle Color
Mottle

nte st
ce/Co
d
Texture, Concretions,
Stnrctvre, etc.
ept i
l istl
o
(Munseil M an
Abun
inches Horizon
fil

1 st
IMunscO Mo
? S, //
_?
SyfC ?/tC>

rvw :s?"?

C(?. 4 ?.
0-
9
$?g .
J
2• SY y
S yR y/Cn
nom. ?'S4I
C (oo r"
Hydric Sol Indicators:
_ Histosol
_ I istic Epipedon
_ SulrLGc Odor
_ Aquie Moisture Regime
_ Reducing Conditions
Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors
Remarks:
` t
.. WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present?
Wetland Hydrology Present?
Hydric Soils Present?
Remarks:
_ Concretions
_ High Organic Content in Surface layer in Sandy Soils
_ Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
l fisted on Local Hydric Soils List
/ Listed on National Hydric Soils List
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Yes No (Circle) (Circle)
No
Yes No Is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? e) No
Approved by HQUSACE 2192
HA
8/93
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual) w c
_
Project/Site: _ &11 0o, ys lS - C..,. S",a.?o C?_ ,k Date: S?1 101
Applicant/Owner: NLDor County- PM Ik1iln
Investigator:. E _1Z State- N C-
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? No Community ID: I-LMIV1,00A
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yesl Transect ID: W C _l?
Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes Plot ID:
(If needed, explain on reverse
VEGETATION
Dominant Plant
Sneeies Stratum Indi
cattor Dominant Pla
t Species Strahrm Indicator
r
S lnt??l
lt i
1-
a
an?a- e
?II
F461- n
9. _?OkIGoC??11on ng?t?ar? / PA-C',
tr
'
``
rr
2. ?41-cS4, , TtA ,'D , _ 7 FAG 10.
3. 11.
1
4. _ (OPALx5 OM
Ctc` S e
rklk 12.
``
5• IJ??MuS Q?0.tq s C(,1,? 13.
6. 14.
7. Lmni C@Ia ?d
Jon?
GS V (-i
? 15.
tt
((
8. SM;ItL? nOitlndilio. 1
'
V p
?
FR-G 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that
FAC (
l
din
FAC are 08L. FACW or 7
S? (
exc
u
g
-) 0
Remarks:
J t,a W om
HYDROLOGY
-Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
-Stream, Lake or ride Gauge Primary Indicators:
-Aerial Photographs
-Other

LNo Recorded Data Available -Inundated
-Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
-Water Marks
-Drift Lines
-Sediment Deposits

Feld Observations: -Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):

Depth of Surface Water: (in.) Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
_-Water-Stained Leaves
Depth to Free Water in Pit: \\ /(in.)

Depth to Saturated Sol- (in.) -Local Soil Survey Data
_FAC-Neutral Test
-Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
1
I Y a l t?? G?t,?O rs MQ.? ,

JVIL i
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase):
We
Drainage Class:
Field Obscniations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Confirm Mapped Type: Yes
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
inches Horizon (Munsell Moist)
st
(Munsell Moist) Abundance/Conjo_
Stnrcttrre, etc.
6 - f OY 3f
l O y S `^ fcoct
1 oy S/3 km
Hydric Sol Indicators:
Histosol _ Concretions
_
Histic Epipedon _ High Organic Content in Surface lay er in Sandy Soiis
_
Sulfidic Odor _ Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
_
Aquic Moisture Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Soils List
_
Reducing Conditions - Listed on National Hydric Soils List
_
_ Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors _ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
Nor,- ?1 ."%L 5DlIS wc-,en.+
' WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytie Vegetation Present? Q No (Circle) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes
Hydric Soils Present? Yes No Is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? Yes
Remarks:
Approved by HQUSACE 2192
HJL
8193
ENyT OF Ty United States Department of the Interior
o m
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
RCH Abp Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
August 10, 2001
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
NCDOT
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
1
AUG I ,, 200t
-a
o ot,,o! ?o
Thank you for your June 21, 2001, request for information from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (Service) on the potential environmental impacts of proposed bridge replacements in
Franklin and Wake Counties, North Carolina. This report provides scoping information and is
provided in accordance with provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (FWCA)
(16 U.S.C. 661-667d) and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 1531-1543). This report also serves as initial scoping comments to federal and state
resource agencies for use in their permitting and/or certification processes for this project.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to replace the following
bridge structures:
LB-4515 Bridge No. 40 on SR 1235 over Bear Swamp Creek;
2.-B-3916 Bridge No. 63 on US 401 over Middle Creek; and,
3::B-4299;- Bridge No. 255 on SR 1006 over unnamed creek.
The following recommendations are provided to assist you in your planning process and to
facilitate a thorough and timely review of the project.
Generally, the Service recommends that wetland impacts be avoided and minimized to the
maximum extent practical as outlined in Section 404 (b)(1) of the Clean Water Act
Amendments of 1977. In regard to avoidance and minimization of impacts, we recommend
that proposed highway projects be aligned along or adjacent to existing roadways, utility
corridors, or previously developed areas in order to minimize habitat fragmentation and
encroachment. Areas exhibiting high biodiversity or ecological value important to the
watershed and region should be avoided. Crossings of streams and associated wetland systems
should use existing crossings and/or occur on a structure wherever feasible. Where bridging is
not feasible, culvert structures that maintain natural water flows and hydraulic regimes without
scouring, or impeding fish and wildlife passage, should be employed. Highway shoulder and
median widths should be reduced through wetland areas. Roadway embankments and fill areas
should be stabilized by using appropriate erosion control devices and techniques. Wherever
appropriate, construction in sensitive areas should occur outside fish spawning and migratory
bird nesting seasons.
The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) maps of the Ingleside and Lake Wheeler 7.5 Minute
Quadrangles show wetland resources in the specific work areas. However, while the NWI
maps are useful for providing an overview of a given area, they should not be relied upon in
lieu of a detailed wetland delineation by trained personnel using an acceptable wetland
classification methodology. Therefore, in addition to the above guidance, we recommend that
the environmental documentation for this project include the following in sufficient detail to
facilitate a thorough review of the action.
The extent and acreage of waters of the U.S., including wetlands, that are to be
impacted by filling, dredging, clearing, ditching, or draining. Acres of wetland impact
should be differentiated by habitat type based on the wetland classification scheme of
the National Wetlands Inventory. Wetland boundaries should be determined by using
the 1987 Corps of Wetlands Delineation Manual and verified by the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers (Corps).
2. If unavoidable wetland impacts are proposed, we recommend that every effort be made
to identify compensatory mitigation sites in advance. Project planning should include a
detailed compensatory mitigation plan for offsetting unavoidable wetland impacts.
Opportunities to protect mitigation areas in perpetuity, preferably via conservation
easement, should be explored at the outset.
The document presents a number of scenarios for replacing each bridge, ranging from in-place
to relocation, with on-site and off-site detours. The Service recommends that each bridge be
replaced on the existing alignment with an off-site detour.
The enclosed list identifies the federally-listed endangered and threatened species, and Federal
Species of Concern (FSC) that are known to occur in Franklin and Wake Counties. The
Service recommends that habitat requirements for the listed species be compared with the
available habitats at the respective project sites. If suitable habitat is present within the action
area of the project, biological surveys for the listed species should be performed.
Environmental documentation that includes survey methodologies, results, and NCDOT's
recommendations based on those results, should be provided to this office for review and
comment.
FSC's are those plant and animal species for which the Service remains concerned, but further
biological research and field study are needed to resolve the conservation status of these taxa.
Although FSC's receive no statutory protection under the ESA, we would encourage the
NCDOT to be alert to their potential presence, and to make every reasonable effort to conserve
them if found. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program should be contacted for
information on species under state protection.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on this project. Please continue to advise
us during the.progression of the planning process, including your official determination of the
impacts of the project. If you have any questions regarding these comments, please contact
Tom McCartney at 919-856-4520, Ext. 32.
Sincerely,
p4rrolGarGarland B. Pardue
41
ogical Services Supervisor
Enclosures
cc: COE, Raleigh, NC (Eric Alsmeyer)
NCDWQ, Raleigh, NC (John Hennessey)
NCDNR, Creedmoor, NC (David Cox)
FWS/R4:TMcCartney:TM:08/10/01:919/8564520 extension 32:\bdgfran.wak
t

COMMON NA11IE SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
EDGECOMBE COUNTY
Vertebrates
Henslow's sparrow Ammodramus henslotivii FSC
Southern hognose snake Heterodon simus FSC*
Red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis Endangered
Invertebrates
Yellow I ance Elliptio lanceolata FSC
Tar spinymussel Elliptic, steinstansana Endangered
Atlantic pigtoe Fusconaia masoni FSC
Yellow lampmussel Lampsilis cariosa FSC
FORSYTH COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis Endangered****
Vascular Plants
Small-anthered bittercress Cardamine micranthera Endangered
FRANKLIN COUNTY
Invertebrates
Dwarf wedge mussel Alasmidonta heterodon Endangered
Yellow lance Elliptio lanceolata FSC
Tar spinymussel Elliptio steinstansana Endangered
Atlantic pigtoe Fusconaia masoni FSC
Yellow lampmussel Lampsilis cariosa FSC
Vascular Plants
Wavyleaf wild quinine Parthenium radfordii FSC
Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxii Endangered
GASTON COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Vascular Plants
Georgia aster Astergeorgianus FSC
Schweinitz's sunflower Helianthus schweinitzii Endangered
January IS, 1999 Page 18 of 49
JJJJ ?
North Carolina 'MI life Resources Commission
Charles R. Fullwood, Iwlccudve Director
T0: Theresa Ellerby
Project Development Engineer, NCDOT
FROM: David Cox, Highway Project Co rt ti n3 r
Habitat Conservation Program
DATE: October 8, 2001
SUBJECT: NCDOT Bridge Replacements in Franklin and Wake counties of North Carolina.
TIP Nos. /B-4515, B-3916, and B-4299.
Biologists with the N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) have reviewed the
information provided and have the following preliminary comments on the subject project. Our
comments are provided in accordance with provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act
(42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16
U.S.C. 661-667d).
On bridge replacement projects of this scope our standard recommendations are as
follows:
1. We generally prefer spanning structures. Spanning structures usually do not require
work within the stream and do not require stream channel realignment. The horizontal
and vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for human and wildlife passage
beneath the structure, does not block fish passage, and does not block navigation by
canoeists and boaters.
2. Bridge deck drains should not discharge directly into the stream.
3. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the stream.
4. If possible, bridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.
5. If temporary access roads or detours are constructed, they should be removed back to
original ground elevations immediately upon the completion of the project. Disturbed
areas should be seeded or mulched to stabilize the soil and native tree species should
be planted with a spacing of not more than 10'x10'. If possible, when using temporary
structures the area should be cleared but not grubbed. Clearing the area with chain
Mailing Address: Division of Inland Fisheries - 1721 Mail Service Center - Ralei h, NC 27699-1721
Telcohone: [phone] est. 281 - Fax: [phone]
Bridge Memo
2 October 8, 2001
saws, mowers, bush-hogs, or other mechanized equipment and leaving the stumps and
root mat intact, allows the area to revegetate naturally and minimizes disturbed soil.
6. A clear bank (riprap free) area of at least 10 feet should remain on each side of the
steam underneath the bridge.
7. In trout waters, the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission reviews all U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers nationwide and general `404' permits. We have the option of
requesting additional measures to protect trout and trout habitat and we can
recommend that the project require an individual `404' permit.
8. In streams that contain threatened or endangered species, NCDOT biologist Mr. Tim
Savidge should be notified. Special measures to protect these sensitive species may be
required. NCDOT should also contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for
information on requirements of the Endangered Species Act as it relates to the project.
9. In streams that are used by anadromous fish, the NCDOT official policy entitled
"Stream Crossing Guidelines for Anadromous Fish Passage (May 12, 1997)" should
be followed.
10. In areas with significant fisheries for sunfish, seasonal exclusions may also be
recommended.
11. Sedimentation and erosion control measures sufficient to protect aquatic resources
must be implemented prior to any ground disturbing activities. Structures should be
maintained regularly, especially following rainfall events.
12. Temporary or permanent herbaceous vegetation should be planted on all bare soil
within 15 days of ground disturbing activities to provide long-term erosion control.
13. All work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area.
Sandbags, rock berms, cofferdams, or other diversion structures should be used
where possible to prevent excavation in flowing water.
14. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank rather than in stream channels in
order to minimize sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other
pollutants into streams.
15. Only clean, sediment-free rock should be used as temporary fill (causeways), and
should be removed without excessive disturbance of the natural stream bottom when
construction is completed.
16. During subsurface investigations, equipment should be inspected daily and
maintained to prevent contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants,
hydraulic fluids, or other toxic materials.
If corrugated metal pipe arches, reinforced concrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are
used:
1. The culvert must be designed to allow for fish passage. Generally, this means that the
culvert or pipe invert is buried at least 1 foot below the natural stream bed. If
multiple cells are required the second and/or third cells should be placed so that their
bottoms are at stream bankful stage (similar to Lyonsfield design). This could be
Bridge Memo
October 8, 2001
accomplished by constructing a low sill on the upstream end of the other cells that
will divert low flows to another cell. This will allow sufficient water depth in the
culvert or pipe during normal flows to accommodate fish movements. If culverts are
long, notched baffles should be placed in reinforced concrete box culverts at 15 foot
intervals to allow for the collection of sediments in the culvert, to reduce flow
velocities, and to provide resting places for fish and other aquatic organisms moving
through the structure.
2. If multiple pipes or cells are used, at least one pipe or box should be designed to
remain dry during normal flows to allow for wildlife passage.
3. Culverts or pipes should be situated so that no channel realignment or widening is
required. Widening of the stream channel at the inlet or outlet of structures usually
causes a decrease in water velocity causing sediment deposition that will require future
maintenance.
4. Riprap should not be placed on the stream bed.
In most cases, we prefer the replacement of the existing structure at the same location
with road closure. If road closure is not feasible, a temporary detour should be designed and
located to avoid wetland impacts, minimize the need for clearing and to avoid destabilizing
stream banks. If the structure will be on a new alignment, the old structure should be removed
and the approach fills removed from the 100-year floodplain. Approach fills should be removed
down to the natural ground elevation. The area should be stabilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. If the area that is reclaimed was previously wetlands, NCDOT should restore
the area to wetlands. If successful, the site may be used as wetland mitigation for the subject
project or other projects in the watershed.
Project specific comments:
1. B-4515 - Franklin County - Bridge No. 40 over Bear Swamp Creek. There are records of
state and federally listed mussels in the project vicinity. Therefore, due to the potential for
impacts to listed species we request that NCDOT perform a mussel survey prior to the
construction of this bridge. Standard comments apply.
2. B-3916 - Wake County - Bridge No. 63 over Middle Creek. There are also records of state
listed mussels upstream of the project. Therefore, due to the potential for impacts to listed
species we request that NCDOT perform a mussel survey prior to the construction of this
bridge. Standard comments apply.
3. B-4299 - Wake County - Bridge No. 255 over unnamed Creek. Standard comments apply.
We are not aware of any threatened of endangered species in the project vicinity.
We request that NCDOT routinely minimize adverse impacts to fish and wildlife
resources in the vicinity of bridge replacements. The NCDOT should install and maintain
sedimentation control measures throughout the life of the project and prevent wet concrete from
contacting water in or entering into these streams. Replacement of bridges with spanning
structures of some type, as opposed to pipe or box culverts, is recommended in most cases.
Spanning structures allow wildlife passage along streambanks, reducing habitat fragmentation
and vehicle related mortality at highway crossings.

Bridge Memo
4 October 8, 2001
If you need further assistance or information on NCWRC concerns regarding bridge
replacements, please contact me at [phone]. Thank you for the opportunity to review and
comment on these projects.

North Carolina Department of Cultural Resou
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
Michael F. Easley, Governor
Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
August 6, 2001
•? pnN'A'V-
MEMORANDUM
V? 7
Divis? h,n C/#xchive? a?i is
Jeffrey .a )VS P, '0! .
To: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
NCDOT, Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
From: David Brook D" 6-"b
Deputy State Hist i Preservation Officer
Re: Replace Bridge No. 40 on SR 1235 over Bear Swamp Creek,
BRSTP-1235(1), 8.2360601, B-4515, Franklin County, ER 01-10080
Thank you for your memorandum of June 21, 2001, concerning the above project.
We have conducted a review of the project and are aware of no properties of architectural, historic,
or archaeological significance, which would be affected by the project. Therefore, we have no
comment on the project as currently proposed.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106
codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, Environmental Review Coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
DB:kgc
cc: Mary Pope Furr, NCDOT
T. Padgett, NCDOT
Location Mailing Address Telephone/Fax
Administration 507 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 276994617 [phone].733-8653
Restoration 515 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC 4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 276994613 [phone].715-4801
Survey & Planning 515 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC 4618 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 276994618 (919) 7334763 •7154801
G,
C.
Franklin County Schools
Transportation Department
942 S. Main Street
Louisburg, NC 27549
July 9, 2001
NC Department of Transportation
Attn: Mr. William D. Gilmore
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Dear Mr. Gilmore,
IE (Vcr?
JUL 19, 2001
U
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i
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oti eT n. r%p-?`
This letter is in response to your correspondence dated June 21, 2001 regarding Bridge No. 40 on
Highway SR 1235 over Bear Creek Swamp in Franklin County. I am providing information
relative to the # of times daily that a school bus crosses the bridge and the impact of bridge
closure on school bus operations.
School buses in Franklin County cross the bridge 8 times per day. This crossing provides
significant access to other county roads traveled by our buses. A solution that repairs/replaces the
bridge with as little bridge closure and detour as possible will certainly help Franklin County
Schools. Scheduling closure during June and July, based on our current school calendar is also
highly desirable.
We appreciate you allowing us to provide input on this project. Once you have decided on an
action plan and schedule, please notify us as soon as possible in advance of bridge closure (if
necessary) so that we may adequately plan alternate school bus routing.
Regards,
0 A ?' / 6 -??
G. Scott Denton
Transportation Director
Cc: Tommy Piper, Asst. Supt. Auxiliary Svcs.
Gerald H. Knott, AIA - School Planning, DPI
l?

?QPPtMENT OF United States Department of the Interior
y o FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
aCH AS Raleigh, North Carolina 27636.3726
October 8, 2003
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:

U
"6114ND81401 GROUP
0cp . 2003
WgT?RQUq
/)ys'.C7/ pN
This letter is in response to your letter of September 11, 2003 which provided the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service) with the biological conclusion of the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) that the replacement of Bridge No. 40 on SR 1235 over Bear Swamp
Creek in Franklin County (TIP No. B-4515) may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect the
federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) and will have no effect on the
Tar spinymussel (Elliptio steinstansana). These comments are provided in accordance with
section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543).
According to the information you submitted, a mussel survey was conducted at the project site by
Alderman Environmental Services, Inc. on June 1 and 5, 2003. The survey extended 100 meters
upstream and 400+ meters downstream of SR 1235. Neither of the federally listed species was
found, and habitat quality for Tar spinymussel appears to be less than optimal.
Based on the negative survey results, the Service concurs with your conclusion that the proposed
bridge replacement may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect the dwarf wedgemussel and
will have no effect on the Tar spinymussel. We believe that the requirements of section 7 (a)(2)
of the ESA have been satisfied. We remind you that obligations under section 7 consultation
must be reconsidered if: (1) new information reveals impacts of this identified action that may
affect listed species or critical habitat in a manner not previously considered in this review; (2)
this action is subsequently modified in a manner that was not considered in this review; or (3) a
new species is listed or critical habitat determined that may be affected by this identified action.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to review this project. If you have any questions
regarding our response, please contact Mr. Gary Jordan at [phone] (Ext. 32).
Sincerely,

Garland B. Pardue, Ph.D.
Ecological Services Supervisor

cc: Eric Alsmeyer, USACE, Raleigh, NC
David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington, NC
John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh, NC
Travis Wilson, NCWRC, Creedmore, NC
Chris Militscher, USEPA, Raleigh, NC