20040693 Ver 1_Complete File_20040427

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GovERxoR
US Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Ave.
Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-5006
Apri122, 2004
~~NDS~401 G
R4Up
APR 2 ~ 2004
~~TERQ~A(ITyS
ECT/pN
ATTENTION: Mr. Steve Lund
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
~~~~
Subject: Nationwide 23 and 33 Permit Application for the Replacement of Bridge No. 145
over Dillingham Creek on SR 2173, Buncombe County, Federal Aid Project No.
BRZ-2173(1), State Project No. 8.2843601, TIP B-3310, Division 13.
Please find enclosed three copies of the project planning report for the above referenced project.
Replacement of Bridge No. 145 will be to the south of the existing location with a new bridge
approximately 140 feet in length. The new bridge will have a 35-foot clear roadway width with a
three-foot shoulder to the north and an eight-foot shoulder to the south. The bridge will have two
12-foot travel lanes. The new approach roadway will match the bridge width. The new bridge
will have a design speed of 60 mph.
.~Z
Jurisdictional wetlands will be impacted by the construction of the bridge in the amount of 0.61_5
acres and mitigation is required. These impacts will consist of fill, mechanized clearing, and
excavation.
Slopes of 3:1 will be used in the wetland due to guardrail constraints.
During construction, traffic will be maintained by the existing bridge.
Bridge Demolition
Bridge No. 145 is composed of a wooden plank floor on steel I-beam girders supported by
reinforced concrete abutments and one pier. The existing structure is 71.8 feet long with a 24.1-
foot clear roadway width. The crown of the bridge is 12 feet above the streambed. The
maximum, potential, temporary fill that could be dropped into the "Waters of the United States"
is 129 cubic yards. However, due to the its structural components, the bridge can be removed
without dropping any components into surface waters.

As noted in the project's CE document, NCDOT will observe an in-stream construction
moratorium from November 1 to April 15 to avoid impacts to trout reproduction.
Mitigation
The necessary compensatory mitigation to offset unavoidable impacts to waters that are
jurisdictional under the federal Clean Water Act will be provided by the Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (EEP). The offsetting mitigation will derive from an inventory of assets already in
existence within the same 8-digit cataloguing unit. The NCDOT has avoided and minimized
impacts to jurisdictional resources to the greatest extent possible. The remaining, unavoidable
impacts to 0.615 acres of jurisdictional wetlands will be offset by compensatory mitigation
provided by the EEP program.
Temporary Workpad
There will be 0.069 ac. temporary stream impacts from the construction of temporary rock
workpad in Dillingham Creek for the construction of Bridge No. 145. A workpad will be
required for the construction of the interior bents in order to provide for construction access. The
workpad will consist of Class II riprap and is detailed on permit drawing sheets 6, 7, & 8 of 19.
Restoration Plan: No permanent fill will result from the subject activity. The materials used as
temporary fill in the construction of the workpad will be removed. The temporary fill areas will
be graded back to the original contours. Elevations and contours in the vicinity of the proposed
workpad are available from the field survey notes.
Schedule for Construction of Workpad: It is assumed that the contractor will begin construction
of the proposed workpad shortly after the date of availability for the project. The Let date is
August 17, 2004 with a date of availability of September 20, 2004.
Removal and Disposal: The workpad will be removed within 90 days of the completion of the
deck slab for the bridge using excavating equipment. All materials placed in the stream by the
contractor will be removed. The Class II riprap that is removed may be used on end slopes where
Class II riprap is required at the discretion of the engineer. All other materials removed by the
contractor will be disposed of at an off-site location.
Federally Protected Species
Some populations of fauna and flora have been in, or are in, the process of decline either due to
natural forces or their inability to co-exist with human activities. Federal law (under the
provisions of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended) requires that any action
likely to adversely affect a species classified as federally protected be subject to review by the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Other species may receive additional
protection under separate state laws. Plants and animals with federal classifications of
Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Proposed Endangered (PE) and Proposed Threatened (PT) are
protected under provisions of ESA §§7 and 9, as amended.
As of January 29, 2003, the USFWS lists 13 federally protected species for Buncombe County.
Table 1 depicts these species. The biological conclusion for all the protected species, except
Virginia spirea, is"No Effect". The biological conclusion for Virginia spirea is "May Affect,
Not Likely To Adversely Affect". A letter seeking concurrence for this conclusion from the
USFWS was sent on March 30, 2004. A copy of the letter is attached for your convenience.

Table 1. Federally Protected Species for Buncombe County
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Fells (Puma) concolor couguar Eastern Cougar Endangered
Glaucomys sabrinus cloratus Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel Endangered
Myotis grisescens Gray Bat Endangered
Clemmys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle Threatened (S/A)
Hybopsis monacha Spotfin Chub Threatened
Alasmidonta raveneliana Appalachian Elktoe Endangered
Epioblasma capsaeformis Oyster Mussel Endangered
Epioblasma jlorentia walkeri Tan Riffleshell Endangered
Geum radiatum Spreading Avens Endangered
Sagittaria fasciculata Bunched Arrowhead Endangered
Sarracenia jonesii Mountain Sweet Pitcher Plant Endangered
Spiraea virginiana Virginia Spiraea Threatened
Gymnoderma lineare Rock Gnome Lichen Endangered
Note:
• "Endangered" denotes a species in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
• "Threatened" denotes a species likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant
portion of its range.
• "Threatened (S/A)" denotes a species that is treated as threatened due to its similarity of appearance to another
endangered or threatened species that is listed for protection. Threatened (S/A) species are not biologically
endangered or threatened and are not subject to Section 7 consultation.
Regulatory Approvals
Section 404 Permit: This project is being processed by the Federal Highway Administration as a
"Categorical Exclusion" in accordance with 23 CFR 771.115(b). Therefore, we do not anticipate
requesting an individual permit but propose to proceed under a Nationwide 23 and 33 as
authorized by a Nationwide Permit 23 and 33 (67 FR 2020; January 15, 2002).
Section 401 Permit: We anticipate 401 General Certification numbers 3403 and 3366 will apply
to this project. In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H, Section .0500(a) and 15A NCAC 2B .0200
we are providing two copies of this application to the North Carolina Department of
Environmental and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, for their review.
We anticipate that comments from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Comrrtission
(NCWRC) will be required prior to authorization by the Corps of Engineers. By copy of this
letter and attachment, NCDOT hereby requests NCWRC review. NCDOT requests that NCWRC
forward their comments to the Corps of Engineers.
A copy of this permit application will be posted on the DOT website at:
http://www.ncdot.org/planning/pe/naturalunit/Perm it.htm 1.

If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Mr. Chris Underwood at
(919)715-]541.
Sincerely,
Gregory J. Thorpe, PhD., Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc:
Mr. John Hennessy, Division of Water Quality (7 copies)
Ms. Marella Buncick, USFWS
Ms. Marla Chambers, NCWRC
Mr. Harold Draper, TVA
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Omar Sultan, Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. John F. Sullivan III, P. E., FHWA
Mr. J. J. Swain, P.E, Division Engineer
Mr. Roger Bryan, DEO
Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington (Cover Letter only)

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DEPAR'TIVIENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
Mr. Brian Cole
US Fish and Wildlife Service
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, NC 28801
Dear Mr. Cole:
This letter is in reference to NCDOT's proposed the replacement of Bridge No. 145 on SR
2173 (Dillingham Road) over Dillingham Creek (TIP # B-3310) in Buncombe County. The
project plans call for the replacement of Bridge No. 145 with a 142-foot long structure south
(downstream) of the existing structure. Traffic will be maintained on the existing bridge
during construction. The purpose of this letter is to summarize federally protected species
surveys to date and to request concurrence from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service)
pursuant to Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.)
(ESA).
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
March 26, 2004
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
The Categorical Exclusion (CE) for this project was completed in July 2002. At this time, a
Biological Conclusion of "No Effect" was determined for Virginia spiraea (Spiraea
virginiana). However, as suitable habitat is present in the project area, the biological
conclusions have been updated to "May Affect -Not Likely to Adversely Affect". The
Biological Conclusions of "No Effect" determined in the original CE document remain valid
for the other Federally listed species. There have been no changes made to the list of
federally protected species since the CE was written. The USFWS list of protected species
for Buncombe County (last updated January 2004) and updated Biological Conclusions are
listed in the following table.
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW.DOH.DOTSTATE.NC.US
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC

Common Name Scientific Name Status f3iolo~ical Conclusion
potfin chub Cyprinella monacha T o Effect
og turtle lyptemys muhlenbergii T (S/A) ~ Effect
arolina northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus E o Effect
astern cougar uma concolor couguar E o Effect
ray bat yobs grisescens E o Effect
ppalachian elktoe lasmidonta raverteliana E o Effect
yster mussel pioblasma capsaeforntis E o Effect
preading avens Geum radiatum E o Effect
unched arrowhead agittaria fasciculata E o Effect
ountain sweet pitcher plant arracenia jonesii E o Effect
irginia spiraea piraea virginiana T ay Affect -Not Likely to Adversel
ffect
ock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineare E o Effect
KEY:
Status Definition
T (S/A) Threatened (Similarity of Appearance) - A [axon that is "threatened due to similarity of appearance with other rare
species."
T Threatened - A [axon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of
its range."
E Endangered - A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
Virginia spiraea
Suitable habitat exists for Virginia spiraea (S. virgi~zia~za) within the project boundaries. A
survey was conducted by NCDOT biologists Chris Manley, Michael Turchy, and Chris
Underwood on July 30, 2003. No Virginia spiraea specimens were identified in
approximately 3 man-hours of survey time.
Qualifications of Principal Investigators
Investigator: Chris Manley
Education: BS Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Minor in Botany,
North Carolina State University, 1996.
Experience: Wildlife Technician, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission,
January 1996- February 1998.
Agricultural Consultant, East Coast Agri-Technologies, March 1998- Dec
1999.
Environmental Specialist, NCDOT, June 2003- Present
Investigator: Michael Turchy
Education: BA Geology, Western Carolina University, 2001
Experience: Environmental Specialist, NCDOT, May 2002- Present.

Investigator: Chris Underwood
Education: BS Wildlife and Fisheries Science, University of Tennessee at Knoxville,
1989
Experience: Biologist, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1991- 2003
Environmental Biologist, NCDOT, May 2003- Present
Based on our surveys, NCDOT concludes that the proposed project warrants a Biological
Conclusion of "May Affect, Not Likely to Adversely Affect" for Virginia spiraea. We
believe that the requirements of Section 7(a)(2) of the ESA have been satisfied and hereby
request your concurrence.
Thank you for your assistance with this project. If you have any questions or need additional
information please call Chris Manley at [phone] or via e-mail at
[e-mail]
Sincerely,
~~
Phil arris, PE, Manager
PDEA-Office of Natural Environment
__ .
cc Stevc Lund, USACE
S[acy Baldwin, P.E., Project Development Engineer
File: B-3310

Office Use Only: Form Version May 2002
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
X Section 404 Permit ^ Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
^ Section 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: NWPs 23 and 33
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: X
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (verify availability with NCWRP prior to submittal of PCN), complete
section VIII and check here: ^
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name:NCDOT/Proiect Development & Environmental Analysis Branch/ Grey Thorpe
Mailing Address: 1548 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Telephone Number:919-733-3141 Fax Number:919-733-9794
E-mail Address:
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number: Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
Page 1 of 9

III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundazies and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans aze
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Replacement of Bridge No. l 45 over Dillingham Creek on SR 2173
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only):
B-3310
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PII~:
4. Location
County: Buncombe Neazest Town: Bernardsville
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): I-40 W from Raleigh to
Asheville to US 19/23 to NC 197 to SR 2173 crossing
5. Site coordinates, if available (LJTM or Lat/Long): 35°46.13'N, 82°26.17'W
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
6. Property size (acres):
7. Nearest body of water (stream river/sound/ocean/lake): Dillingham Crcelt (Cless C)
8. River Basin: French Broad
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Hi ;hway corridor with roadway shoulders
Page 2 of 9

10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Replace Bridge No. 145 with a bridge to the south. Heavy duty excavation equipment such as
trucks, dozers, cranes, and other equipment necessary for roadway equipment.
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: Public Transportation
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.LP. project, along with
construction schedules.
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application. .
No
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts:
Page 3 of 9

Wetland impacts will consist of fill, excavation in wetland, and mechanized clearing.
2. Individually list wetland impacts below:
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact* Area
of
Impact
(acres) Located within
100-year *
Floodplain
(yes/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
(linear feet)
Type of Wetland***
20+93-26+39-IrRT Fill 0.6 Y Forested
22+40-L-RT Evcavation 0.005 Y Forested
22+40-L-RT Mech. Clearing 0.01 Y Forested

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps are available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at httn:/hvww.fema.eov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.) Indicate if wetland is isolated (determination of isolation to be made by USACE only).
List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: 0
Total area of wetland impact proposed: 0.615
3. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts below:
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name* * Average Width
of Stream
Before Impact Perennial or
Intermittent?
(please specify)
19+80-U ~vorltpad 39 Dillingham Cr. 12 ft Perennial

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online at
www.usgs.~ov. Several intemet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www.topozone.com,
www.manquest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: 39
4. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.) below:
Page 4 of 9

Open Water Impact

Site Number
(indicate on map)
*
Type of Impact Area of

Impact
(acres)
Name of Waterbody

(if applicable) Type of Waterbody

(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
bay, ocean, etc.)

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, ctc.
Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ~ uplands ~ stream ~ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): N/A
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII.. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
Standard NCDOT Construction Practices
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams. '
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
Page 5 of 9

necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strm~ide.html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
Stream mitigation is not proposed for this project. No stream impacts exceed 150 ft
of a single crossing or multiple crossings of the same stream. Wetland mitigation is
being_nrovided by EEP.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCWRP at
[phone] to determine availability and to request written approval of mitigation prior
to submittal of a PCN. For additional information regarding the application process for the
NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If use of
the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide the
following information:
Page 6 of 9

Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet): N/A
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet): N/A
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federaUstate) funds or the use of public
(federaUstate) land?
Yes ® No
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ® No
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA fmal approval letter.
Yes ® No
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 1 SA NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ~ No ® If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(square feet) Multiplier Required
Mitigation
1 3
Page 7 of 9

2 1.5
Total
' Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additiona120 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0260.
N/A
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
N/A
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
N/A
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ~ No
Is this anafter-the-fact permit application?
Yes NoX
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
Page 8 of 9

~~ ~ ~~
Applicant/Agent's Signature Datc
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 9 of 9

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N. C. DEPT. ®F TRANSP®RTATIDN
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BUNCDDIBE C®UNTY
PR®JECT:8.28~3601 (B-3310)
BRIDGE N®.1~C5 ®VER
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GN SR 2173 (DILLINGHAbI RDJ
NORTH CAROLINA

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DIVISI®N OF HIGH~V~~"S
BUNCODiBE COUNT`i'
PR®JECT:8.28-03501 (B-3310)
BRIDGE N~0.1~5 COVER
DILLINGH~Ai CREED
ON SR 2173 (DILLINGHADI RD.)
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x ~ „ x LIVE STAKES
x xx "x
BOULDER
CORE FIBER ROLLS
N. C. DEPT.OF TRANSPORTATIOI~T
DIVISION OF HIGH~Vr~YS
BUNCObIBE COUNTY
PROJECT:8.28~C3~01 (B-33.0)
BRIDGE N0.1~3 OVER
DILLINGHr~DI CREEK
OI~T SR 2173 (DILLINGH~Di RDJ
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NAMES AND ADDRESSES
PARCEL NO.
0
0
0
0
O
0
NAMES
GLORIA GARRISON
JOHN Eo WILSON
BOYD AND BARBARA
HOLCOMBE
BOYD AND BARBARA
HOLCOMBE
ALEXANDER STEVENS
ADDRESSES
310 DILLINGHAM RDo
BARNARDSVILLE9 NoCo
28709
138q BARNARDSVILLE 'HWY
BARNARDSVILLE9 NoCo
28709
65 RAMSEY RDo
LEICESTER9 N°Ce
28806
65 RAMSEY RDo
LEICESTER9 N.Ce
28806
361 DILLINGHAM RDo.
BARNARDSVILLE9 NeCo
28709
BOYD Ro AND JENNIFER
- HOLCOMBE
O Co DAVID HARRIS
HEIR OF CHARLES
HARRIS DECEASED
RTo 49 BOX 81 A
ASHEVILLE9 NoCo
28806
59 WILLIAMS BRANCH R
BARNARDSVILLE9 NoCo
28709
~T~~®~
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
PROJECT:8~8~f3601 (B-3310)
BRIDGE NO.l~fS OVER
DILLINGHADi CREEK
ON SR 2173 (DILLINGHAri RD.)
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTZVIENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
Apri122, 2004
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E.
EEP Transition Manager
Ecosystem Enhancement Program
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 24699-1652
Dear Sir:
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
Subject: The Replacement of Bridge No. 145 over Dillingham Creek on SR 2173,
Buncombe County, Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-2173(1), State Project No.
8.2843601, TIP B-3310, Division 13.
NCDOT requests that the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) provide
confirmation that we are willing to provide compensatory mitigation for the above-mentioned
project in accordance with the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) signed July 22, 2003 by the
USACE, the NCDENR, and the NCDOT. Bridge No. 145 will be replaced to the south of the
existing location with a new bridge approximately 140 feet in length with a 35-foot clear
roadway width. The bridge will have two 12-foot travel lanes. The new approach roadway will
match the bridge width. The new bridge will have a design speed of 60 mph.
There are jurisdictional wetlands associated with this project with impacts totaling 0.615 acres
and mitigation is required. Surface waters will not be permanently impacted by the construction
of the bridge. .
We have avoided and minimized the impacts to jurisdictional resources to the greatest extent
possible as described in the permit application. A copy of the permit application can be found at
http://www.ncdot.or~/planning/pe/naturalunitlApplications.html. The remaining impacts to
jurisdictional resources will be compensated for by mitigation provided by the EEP program. We
estimate that 0.615 acres of riverine wetlands will be impacted.
The project is located in the blue ridge Physiographic Province in Buncombe County in the
French Broad River basin in Hydrological Cataloguing Unit 06010105.
Please send the letter of confirmation to Steve Lund at U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Asheville
Regulatory Field Office, 151 Patton Ave. Room 208, Asheville, NC 28801-5006. Mr. Lund's
FAX number is [phone]. The current let date for the project is August 17, 2004 for
which the let review date is September 20, 2004.
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE: WYVW.NCDOT.DRG RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548

In order to satisfy regulatory assurances that mitigation will be performed, the NCDWQ
requires a formal letter from EEP indicating their willingness and ability to provide the
mitigation work requested by NCDOT. The NCDOT requests such a letter of
confirmation be addressed to Mr. John Hennessy of NCDWQ with copies submitted to
NCDOT.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Mr. Chris Underwood at
[phone].
Sincerely,
/~ ~~_
6~- Gregory .Thorpe, PhD, Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc: Mr. John Hennessy, Division of Water Quality (7 copies)
Ms. Marella Buncick, USFWS
Ms. Marla Chambers, NCWRC
Mr. Harold Draper, TVA
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Omar Sultan, Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. John F. Sullivan III, P. E., FHWA
Mr. J. J. Swain, P.E., Division Engineer
Mr. Roger Bryan, DEO
IVIr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington (Cover Letter only)

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SR 2173
Buncombe County
Bridge No. 145 Over Dillingham Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-2173 (1)
State Project 8.2843601
TIP Project No. B-3310
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
US DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
APPROVED:
~~'t~~
DATE . Gail G ' es P.E. Assistant Mana er
g
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
Branch, NCDOT
~8 ~~ /~. ~
DATE Nicholas L. Graf, P.E.
Division Administrator, FHWA

i t
SR 2173
Buncombe County
Bridge No. 145 Over Dillingham Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-2173 (1)
State Project 8.2843601
TIP Project No. B-3310
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
July 2002
Document Prepared by
E A R T H~ T B C H
/~~/
~.
Yvo ne G.G. Howell, P.E. o
Pr ~ ctManager -Z 02b938 ~`
Ea h Tech
"=,,~c,9 ~Q~N~ ~~~~
''~qCF G OL~O`~~.
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For the North Carolina Department of Transportation
John Wadsworth, P.E., Project Manager
Consultant Engineering Unit

PROJECT COMMITMENTS
S R 2173
Buncombe County
Bridge No. 145 Over Dillingham Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-2173 (1)
State Project 8.2843601
TIP Project No. B-3310
In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit No. 23 Conditions, the General
Nationwide Permit Conditions, Section 404 Only Conditions, Regional Conditions,
State Consistency Conditions, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices
for Bridge Demolition and Removal, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management
Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, General Certification Conditions, and
Section 401 Conditions of Certification, the following special .commitments have
been agreed to by NCDOT:
Division 13
Dillingham Creek is classified as a mountain trout stream, therefore "Guidelines for
Construction Adjacent to or Crossing Trout Waters" as incorporated in to Erosion
and Sediment Control Guidelines will be implemented and adhered to throughout
the project. In-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot (7.6-m) wide
trout stream buffer zone is prohibited during the trout spawning season of November
1 through April 15 to protect the egg and fry stages of trout from off-site
sedimentation during construction.
Hydraulics Unit, Structure Design
Approval under Section 26a of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Act will be
required for the bridge replacement project. A copy of this document will be
forwarded to TVA.
Categorical Exclusion
July 2002

~,
SR 2173
Buncombe County
Bridge No. 145 Over Dillingham Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-2173 (1)
State Project 8.2843601
TIP Project No, 8-3310
INTRODUCTION: The replacement of Bridge No. 145 is included in the 2002-
2008 North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Transportation
Improvement Program (TIP) and in the Federal-aid Bridge Replacement
Program. The location is shown in Figure 1. No substantial environmental
impacts are anticipated. The project is classified as a Federal "Categorical
Exclusion."
I. PURPOSE AND NEED
Bridge Maintenance Unit records indicate that the bridge has a sufficiency rating
of 27.2 out of a possible of 100 for a new structure. The bridge is considered
functionally obsolete and structurally deficient. The replacement of this
inadequate structure will result in safer and more efficient traffic operations.
II. EXISTING CONDITIONS
SR 2173 (Dillingham Road) in Buncombe County is classified as "Rural Minor
Collector" in the Statewide Functional Classification System.
Throughout the project area, SR 2173 carries two lanes on an 18-foot (5.4-meter
[m]) clear roadway width and a 24-foot (7.2-m) wide right-of-way. The horizontal
and vertical alignments currently meet design standards.
There is no posted speed limit in the project area, therefore the statutory speed
limit of 55 mph (90 kph) applies.
The existing bridge was constructed in 1956. The superstructure consists of
steel planks on I-beams. The substructure consists of reinforced concrete
abutments and mass piers. The abutments are vertical. The existing bridge
consists of two spans, one of 36 feet (10.8 m) and one of 35.8 feet (10.9 m) for a
total length of 71.8 feet (21.9 m). The clear roadway width on the existing bridge
is 24.1 feet (7.3 m). The crown of the roadway is situated approximately 12 feet
(3.6 m) over the bed of Dillingham Creek. Presently, the posted weight limit is
1

31/38 tons (28/34 metric tons} single axle trucks and tractor trailer/semi-trailers,
respectively.
The bridge is located in a curve section of SR 2173 and crosses Dillingham
Creek at approximately 130 degrees. Photographs of the approaches to the
existing bridge are shown in Figures 4a and 4b.
The average daily traffic volume on SR 2173 at Bridge No. 145 will be 2230
vehicles per day at scheduled construction, in 2004. By the design year, 2025,
the average daily traffic volume is expected to increase to 3400 vehicles per day.
The projected traffic volume includes two percent dual-tired vehicles and one
percent truck-tractor/semi-trailers.
Four school buses cross this bridge twice each day as part of a regular route.
SR 2173 is not a designated bicycle route.
No accidents were reported at Bridge No. 145 in the period between February 1,
1999 and January 31, 2002.
III. ALTERNATIVES
A. Project Description
The proposed structure is a bridge with a clear roadway width of 39 feet (11.9 m)
and an approach roadway width of 24 feet (7.2 m) to accommodate two lanes of
traffic. The typical section for the approaches and bridge are shown in Figure 3.
B. Build Alternatives
Two build alternatives have been developed for this project.
Alternative 1 (preferred) will realign the roadway and construct a new bridge to
the south (downstream) of the existing structure. The new bridge will be
approximately 142 feet (43.3 m) long and maintain the existing low steel
elevation. This alternative maintains a 55 mph (90 kph) design speed. Traffic
would be maintained on the existing structure during construction. This
alternative would relocate one residence (see Appendix B for Relocation
Reports). Alternative 1 is shown in Figure 2a.
Alternative 3 will replace Bridge No. 145 at its existing location with an on-site
detour to the north. This alternative would require a retaining wall beginning at
2

the northeastern quadrant of the .proposed bridge, approximately 300 feet
(91.4 m) long. The new bridge would be approximately 138 feet (42.1 m) long
and maintain the existing low steel elevation. The retaining wall would minimize
stream impacts north of the existing road. The temporary on-site detour would
extend north of Dillingham Creek and all its tributaries to avoid extensive stream
impacts, resulting in a detour length of 2130 feet (649 m). The detour would tie
into SR 2174 (Williams Branch Road), which intersects with Dillingham Road
south of Bridge No. 145. This detour crosses Bridge No. 413 on SR 2174. This
three-span timber bridge has a posted weight limit of 22/27 tons (20/24 metric
tons) and a sufficiency rating of 66.9. The permanent alignment maintains a 55
mph (90 kph) design speed while the detour maintains a 50 mph (80 kph) design
speed. This alternative would relocate two residences (see Appendix B for
Relocation Reports). Alternative 3 is shown in Figure 2b.
C. Alternatives Eliminated From Further Study
Alternative 2 would realign the roadway and construct two new bridges north
(upstream) of the existing bridge; two curved bridges would be required due to
the meandering nature of Dillingham Creek north of Dillingham Road.
Alternative 2 would impact leaking underground storage tanks located in the
northwest quadrant of the existing bridge, and require the relocation of a
residence located east of the existing bridge. This alternative would result in
high costs, due to the construction of two structures, and high environmental
impacts due to the new location alignment. Alternative 2 would fill
approximately 610 feet (186 m) of a small channel located upstream of the
existing bridge. Therefore, this new location alternative was eliminated from
further consideration.
Replacement of the bridge at the existing location while maintaining traffic on a
temporary on-site detour to the south was also reviewed. A temporary, one-lane,
on-site detour to the south would be long (approximately 1500 feet [457 m]) due
to required changes in the existing grade to maintain the existing low steel
elevation under the proposed structure. The footprint of this detour would
approximate that of Alternative 1. The costs and impacts associated with this
detour render this alternative not feasible.
The `Do-Nothing' alternative will eventually necessitate removal of the bridge.
This is not desirable due to the traffic service provided by SR 2173.
3

Rehabilitation of the existing bridge is not feasible due to its age and
deteriorated condition.
D. Preferred Alternative
Alternative 1 (recommended), replacing Bridge No. 145 just south
(downstream) of the existing structure, is the preferred alternative. The
recommended bridge length is 142 feet (43.3 m). This bridge would provide a
609 square foot (56.6 square meter) hydraulic opening. To reduce scour caused
by the proximity to the bend in Dillingham Creek, the bridge will be located
downstream of the existing location, further from the bend. Relocating the bridge
downstream will also move the roadway embankment farther from the portion of
Dillingham Creek that runs parallel to the existing road, minimizing impacts to the
stream. This alternative successfully minimizes residential impacts, stream
impacts (to the branch of Dillingham Greek located north of existing Dillingham
Road), and underground storage tank disturbance. This alternative also
provides the shortest structure while amply spanning Dillingham Creek. Traffic
will be maintained on the existing bridge during construction.
E. Anticipated Design Exceptions
The preferred alternative (Alternative 1) will require a design exception for
horizontal sight distance on the bridge.
IV. ESTIMATED COSTS
Construction and right-of-way cost estimates for the alternatives studied are
presented below.
Ta61P_ 1' EStimatF+ri C'_'neta
Alternative 1
Preferred Alternative 3
Structure Removal $13,824 $17,280
Structure $359,970 $403,650
Roadway and Approaches $497,247 $359,130
Tem orary Detour N/A $1,100,000
Miscellaneous and Mobilization $389,956 $350,940
Engineering and Contingencies $189,000 $169,000
Right-of-way /Utilities / Relocations $257,000 $347,000
Number of Relocations 1 2
Total Cost of Alternative $1,707,000 $2,747,000
4

The estimated cost of the preferred alternative, based on current prices, is
$1,707,000 including $257,000 for right of way, relocation, and utilities, and
$1,450,000 for construction. The estimated cost of the right of way and
construction for the project, as shown in the 2002-2008 NCDOT Transportation
Improvement Program, is $540,000, including $40,000 for right-of-way and
$430,000 for construction. Right-of-way acquisition is scheduled for Federal
Fiscal Year 2003, with construction to follow in Federal Fiscal Year 2004.
V. NATURAL RESOURCES
The proposed project is in a rural area of Buncombe County approximately
1.3 miles (2.1 km) southeast of Barnardsville, NC. Land uses in the vicinity of
the proposed project are low-density residential and agricultural. Buncombe
County's major economic resources are tourism and manufacturing. Forestry,
health care, and electronics also contribute substantially to the local economy.
The population of Buncombe County in 2000 was estimated at 206,330 (U:S.
Census Bureau, 2002).
A. Methodology
Published information and resources were collected prior to the field
investigation. Information sources used to prepare this report include the
following:
• U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangle map (Barnardsville, 1978)
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory
(NWI) Map (Barnardsville, 1995)
• NCDOT aerial photograph of 'project area (1:1200)
• Draft soil survey maps of Buncombe County (Natural Resources
Conservation Service [NRCS], 1980)
• N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR)
basin-wide assessment information (NCDENR, 2000)
• USFWS list of protected and candidate species
• N.C. Natural Heritage Program (NHP) files of rare species and unique
habitats
Water resource information was obtained from publications posted on the World
Wide Web by NCDENR Division of Water Quality (DWQ). Information
concerning the occurrence of federally protected species in the study area was
obtained from the USFWS list of protected and candidate species (March 2001).
5

Information about species under state protection was obtained from the NHP
database of rare species and unique habitats. NHP files were reviewed for
documented sightings of species on State or Federal lists and locations of
significant natural areas.
A general field survey was conducted along the proposed project route on April
19, 2000 and June 7, 2000. Water resources were identified and their physical
characteristics were recorded. For the purposes of this study, a brief habitat
assessment was performed within the project area of Dillingham Creek. Plant
communities and their associated wildlife were identified using a variety of
observation techniques, including active searching, visual observations, and
identifying characteristic signs of wildlife (sounds, tracks, scats, and burrows).
Terrestrial community classifications generally follow Schafale and Weakley
(1990), where appropriate, and plant taxonomy follows Radford et al. (1968).
Vertebrate taxonomy follows Potter et al. (1980), Martof et al. (1980), and
Webster et a/. (1985). Vegetative communities were mapped using aerial
photography of the project site. Predictions regarding wildlife community
composition involved general qualitative habitat assessment based on existing
vegetative communities.
Jurisdictional wetlands, if present, were delineated and evaluated based on
criteria established in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation
Manual (USAGE, 1987). Wetlands were classified based on Cowardin et al.
(1979).
B. Physiography and Soils
The project area lies in the western portion of North Carolina within the Blue
Ridge physiographic province. Elevations in the project area are approximately
2320 feet (707 m) (National Geodetic Vertical Datum, 1929). The topography of
the project vicinity is mountainous. Several tributaries join Dillingham Creek in a
broad floodplain that narrows as Dillingham Creek passes between low
mountains just downstream of the project area.
The following information about soils in the project area was taken from a draft
soil survey map provided by the Buncombe County Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS, 1980). Three soil types are mapped in the project
area:
• Tate-French loams (121 C), two to 15 percent slopes, are mapped on both
banks of Dillingham Creek downstream of Bridge No. 145. This soil unit is
6

a complex of Tate and French loamy, with French loam inclusions
occupying up to 25 percent of the mapping unit. These soils are deep,
well-drained soils on alluvial fans, footslopes, and benches. Flooding is
absent, and the seasonal high water table is greater than six feet (1.8 m)
deep. This unit may have random areas of seeps and springs.
• Comus fine sandy loam (13) is mapped on both banks of Dillingham
Creek upstream of Bridge No. 145. This is awell-drained, nearly level soil
on slightly elevated positions adjacent to streams in wide floodplains. It is
subject to frequent flooding of very brief duration. The depth to the
seasonal high water table is about 30 inches (0.76 m).
• Toxaway silt loam (53), zero to 15 percent slopes, is mapped on the left
bank of Dillingham Creek south of SR 2173. This soil is very deep, poorly
or very poorly drained, and was formed in loamy alluvial deposits on
nearly level flood plains of mountain valleys. It is subject to common, very
brief flooding. The seasonal high water table is zero to one foot (zero to
0.3 m) deep. Toxaway silt loam is classified as hydric.
Site index is a measure of soil quality and productivity. The index is the average
height, in feet, that dominant and co-dominant trees of a given species attain in a
specified number of years (typically 50). The site index applies to fully-stocked,
even-aged, unmanaged stands. Comus soils have a site index of 80 for
shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata), 100 for Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), and
90 for red oaks (Quercus spp.). Site index information was not available for
Tate-French loams or Toxaway silt loam.
C. Water Resources
This section contains information concerning water resources likely to be
impacted (determined by field survey), best usage classifications, and water
quality aspects of the water resources. Probable impacts to surface waters are
also discussed, as well as means to minimize impacts.
1. Waters Impacted
The project is located in the French Broad basin (FBR04 sub-basin). One
surface water resource, Dillingham Creek, will be directly impacted by the
proposed project. Dillingham Creek originates about 3.4 miles (5.5 km)
southeast of the project area. From the project area, the creek flows northwest
about 1.6 miles (2.5 km) to its confluence with Ivy Creek.
7

2. Water Resource Characteristics
Dillingham Creek is approximately 70 feet (21.3 m) wide in the study area.
Upstream of Bridge No. 145, Dillingham Creek runs parallel to SR 2173 on the
north side. The stream splits and forms a small channel that runs along the right
bank around a large forested island and rejoins the main channel just upstream
of the bridge. The stream then passes under SR 2173 and continues parallel to
SR 2173 on the south side. The stream flows swiftly west in the project area,
forming small rapids over cobbles and boulders. The substrate of Dillingham
Creek at this point consists of about 60 percent bedrock and about 40 percent
small boulders and cobbles. The water was clear the day of the site visit. The
depth ranged from about four feet (1.2 m) in pools to one-foot (0.3 m) in the
rapids.
The right bank is nearly vertical and is stabilized with a rock berm to a height of
eight feet (2.4 m). The left bank is gently sloping and forms a small terrace
downstream of the bridge.
The creek is about 40 percent shaded by scattered trees behind the bank tops.
The banks are covered almost completely by multiflora rose.
Surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a classification by the DWQ that
is designed to maintain, protect, and enhance water quality within the state.
Dillingham Creek [Index # 6-96-1-(6)] is classified as a Class WS 11 Trwaterbody
(NCDENR, 2000). Class WS l/ water resources are used for drinking, culinary,
or food processing purposes for those users desiring maximum protection for
their water supply where a WS-I classification is not feasible. Wastewater
discharge and stormwater management requirements apply to these waters.
The supplemental Tr classification refers to trout waters, which are fresh waters
protected for natural trout propagation and survival of stocked trout.
Haw Branch (Index # 6-96-1-8) flows westward into Dillingham Creek about 500
feet (152.4 rn) downstream of the proposed bridge replacement. Williams
Branch (Index # 6- 96-1-7) flows westward into Dillingham Creek about 1000 feet
(304.8 m) upstream of the project. Haw Branch and Williams Branch are also
classified as WS-11 water bodies.
Non-point source runoff from roadways, lawns, and cultivated fields is likely to be
the primary source of water quality degradation to the water resources located
within the project vicinity. There are gravel and paved roads and an agricultural
field in the project area. Nutrient loading from fertilizers, contaminants, and
8

sediment from roadway runoff could affect water quality. A two-inch (5.1-cm)
diameter PVC pipe was observed protruding from rip-rap about three feet (0.9 m)
from the top of the left bank of Dillingham Creek upstream from the bridge in the
vicinity of an old home site. No signs of recent discharge were observed.
Basin-wide water quality assessments are conducted by the Environmental
Sciences Branch, Water Quality Section of the DWQ. The program has
established monitoring stations for sampling selected benthic
macroinvertebrates, which are known to have varying levels of tolerance to water
pollution. An index of water quality can be derived from the number of taxa
present and the ratio of tolerant to intolerant taxa. Streams can then be given a
bioclassification ranging from Poor to Excellent.
There are two monitoring stations on Dillingham Creek. One station is located
about 2.3 miles (3.7 km) downstream of the project area. It was sampled in
August 1993 and classified as Good. Another station is located about 1.3 miles
(two km) upstream of the project area. It was sampled in August 1993 and
classified as Good.
Point source discharges in North Carolina are permitted through the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program administered by the
DWQ. As of July 1999, there were no permits issued to discharge in Dillingham
Creek.
3. Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources
a) Generallmpacts
WS-II Waters occur in the project area and within one mile (1.6 km) of the
project study area.
Any action that affects water quality can adversely affect aquatic organisms.
Temporary impacts during the construction phases may result in long-term
impacts to the aquatic community. In general, replacing an existing structure in
the same location with an off-site detour is the preferred environmental
approach. Bridge replacement at a new location results in more severe impacts,
and physical impacts are incurred at the point of bridge replacement.
Project construction may result in the following impacts to surface water
resources:
9

• Increased sediment loading and siltation as a consequence of watershed
vegetation removal, erosion, and/or construction.
• Decreased light penetration/water clarity from increased sedimentation.
• Changes in water temperature with vegetation removal.
• Changes in the amount of available organic matter with vegetation
removal.
• Increased concentration of toxic compounds from highway runoff,
construction activities and construction equipment, and spills from
construction equipment.
• Alteration of water levels and flows as a result of interruptions and/or
additions to surface and groundwater flow from construction.
Construction impacts may not be restricted to the communities in which the
construction activity occurs, but may also affect downstream communities.
Efforts will be made to ensure that no sediment leaves the construction site.
NCDOT's Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters will
be implemented, as applicable, during the construction phase of the project to
ensure that no sediment leaves the construction site. In addition, "Guidelines for
Construction Adjacent to or Crossing Trout Waters" as incorporated into Erosion
and Sediment Control Guidelines will be implemented and adhered to throughout
the project.
4. Impacts Related to Bridge Demolition and Removal
Dillingham Creek in the vicinity of the proposed project is a Class WS-II water,
which is by definition a High Quality Water. It is not known to provide habitat for
aquatic species on the Federal list of threatened and endangered species. It is
classified as a Public Mountain Trout Water by the WRC, and carries the DWQ
supplemental Tr classification.
The superstructure consists of a steel plank floor on steel I-beams. The
substructure consists of reinforced concrete abutments and one pier. One
reinforced concrete abutment and one pier are in the water. The maximum
potential fill is 129 cubic yards (98.6 cubic meters).
The streambed in the project area is nearly all bedrock and cobbles. Therefore,
conditions in the stream do not raise sediment concerns and a turbidity curtain is
not recommended.
10

D. Biotic Resources
The composition of plant communities in the project area reflects landscape-level
variations in topography, soils, moisture, and past or present land use practices.
This section describes these communities of flora and fauna, including the
dominant plants and animals in each community and their relationships with
each other. Scientific nomenclature and common names, where applicable, are
used for the initial species reference. Subsequent references to the same
species are by the common name only.
1. Plant Communities
Several terrestrial communities occur in the fragmented landscape surrounding
Bridge No. 145 and Dillingham Creek (Figure 2a and 2b). All have been
affected heavily by human activity. Dominant faunal components associated
with these terrestrial areas are discussed in the following community description.
Roadside Community
The roadside community covers a narrow strip on both sides of SR 2173 in the
project area. Species include fescue (Festuca sp.), multiflora rose (Rosa
multiflora), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), ragweed (Ambrosia
artemisiifolia), wild onion (Allium canadense), wingstem (Verbesina occidentalis),
grape (Vitis rotundifolia), and dewberry (Rubus hispidus).
Stream Bank Community
Vegetation in the stream bank community is found along both banks of
Dillingham Creek and on the island in the middle of the split channel, either
above the rip-rap or along the natural banks. Species include yellow poplar
(Liriodendron tulipifera), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), flowering dogwood
(Cornus Florida), buckeye (Aesculus sylvatica), black willow (Salix nigra), spice
bush (Lindera benzoin), hazelnut (Corylus americana), multiflora rose, flowering
raspberry (Rubus odoratus), spotted jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), and
goldenrod (Solidago sp.). This community represents a highly disturbed remnant
of a Low Mountain Alluvial Forest or Mountain Alluvial Forest as described in
Schafale and Weakley (1990). The TNC classification (The Nature
Conservancy) is most likely I.B.2.N.d.150 Platanus occidentalis-(Liquidambar
styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera) Temporarily Flooded Forest Alliance.
11

Maintained Landscape Community
The maintained landscape community covers the area around the residences in
the proposed project area. It consists of regularly mowed grassy areas
surrounding dwellings and sheds. The dominant species in this community is
fescue (Fesfuca sp.). Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule), nodding onion (Allium
cernuum), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), and violet (Viola sp.) are also
present.
Forested Slope Community
The proposed project area crosses the foot of a steep forested slope rising from
the left bank of Dillingham Creek northwest of the bridge. This constitutes the
forested slope community. Dry, rocky conditions on this southeast-facing slope
are indicated by the dominance of Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana). Other species
on the lower slope include yellow poplar, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia),
black cherry (Prunus serotina), white oak (Quercus alba), multiflora rose, grape,
shining sumac (Rhus copallina), and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans). The
species composition of this community suggests past disturbance, from either
clearing or erosion of the shallow soils. There is no equivalent in Schafale and
Weakley (1990) for a successional community such as this one. The TNC
classification that fits best is the Pinus virginiana Successional Forest
Association in the I.A.8.N.b.190. Pinus virginiana Forest Alliance.
Man-Dominated Wetland Community
According to a local resident, the developed wetland area found south of
SR 2173 between the road and Haw Branch, a tributary of Dillingham Creek,
was formerly a gravel quarry that was abandoned about 30 years ago. The
current vegetation and hydrology are indicative of a scrub/shrub wetland (See
Appendix C for wetland rating sheets). The soils in this developing wetland are
10 YR 3/2 silty or gravelly sandy loams with some organic matter accumulation,
but redoximorphic features are nearly absent as yet. Water is ponded on the
surface in several places and within six inches (15.2 centimeters) of the surface
elsewhere. Beaver activity appears to be influencing the hydrology of the area.
The microtopography of the developing wetland is irregular as a result of the
mining activities, with berms and mounds interspersed among the ponds and wet
areas. The dominant vegetation on the drier areas is yellow poplar, buckeye,
poison ivy, and multiflora rose. Vegetation in the wet areas includes ironwood
12

(Carpinus caroliniana), spice bush, tag alder (Alnus serrulata), black willow,
spotted jewelweed, cattail (Typha latifolia), sedges (Carex spp.), and violets.
There is no Schafale and Weakley equivalent for this wetland community. The
hydrology and physiognomy place it in the TNC category of III.B.2.N.g saturated
cold-deciduous shrubland, but an appropriate alliance has not been developed.
Agricultural Areas
There are two agricultural areas that may be impacted by the proposed project.
The first is a 0.5 acre (0.2 ha) area located on the north bank of the split channel
on Dillingham Creek, upstream of Bridge No. 145. At the time of the site visit, it
was plowed but not planted. Another two-acre (0.8-ha) area is located
downstream of the bridge on the north side of SR 2173. It is apparently a
hayfield planted in fescue or orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata).
2. Wildlife
The animal species present in the disturbed roadside habitats are opportunistic
and capable of surviving on a variety of resources, ranging from vegetation to
both living and dead faunal components. Northern mockingbird (Mimus
polyglottos) and American robin (Turdus migratorius) are common birds that use
these habitats. The area may also be used by the woodchuck (Marmota
monax), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), various species of mice
(Peromyscus sp.), Eastern garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis), and American
toad (Bufo americanus).
Wildlife use of the streamside community may be marginal because of the
extensive rip-rap. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) may be expected here, along with
belted kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon), rufous-sided towhee (Pipilo
erythrophthalmus), and Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus). Eastern
phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), northern
parula (Parula americana), and myrtle warbler (Dendroica coronata) were
identified by sight or call. Fowler's toad (Bufo woodhousei), eastern box turtle
(Terrapene Carolina), and northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon) may also
utilize this community. In addition to the streamside community, similar species
can be expected in the maintained landscape community.
Tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor), Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis), ruby-
crowned kinglet (Regulus calendula), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), hermit thrush
(Catharus guttatus), and myrtle are likely to be found in the forested slope
community. Other inhabitants may include eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus),
13

gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius),
smoky shrew (Sorex fumeus), black racer (Coluber constrictor), and timber
rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus).
Bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) were observed in the field, along with
raccoon tracks, salamander egg masses, and trees gnawed by beavers (Castor
canadensis). The Wildlife Resources Commission visited the site and reported
finding a snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) and signs of various amphibians
and wetland birds. The WRC also reported a tiny patch of peat moss
(Sphagnum sp.). A local resident reported trapping various fur-bearing
mammals in the developing wetland.
Cultivated fields are used by wildlife mainly for foraging, although some reptiles
and small rodents may burrow in them including black racer (Coluber constrictor)
and the short-tailed race of deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus).
3. Aquatic Communities
Within the project area, Dillingham Creek is amid-gradient, third-order stream.
The bed material consists of bedrock, boulders, and cobbles. On the day of the
site visit, the water was clear with no suspended sediment. The riparian
community is composed of scattered large trees and dense shrubs (see section
V.D.1. Plant Communities for further description).
Buncombe County is designated a "trout" county by the North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission (WRC) and Dillingham Creek is a designated Public
Mountain Trout Water. At this location, the creek is ahatchery-supported trout
water and also supports a wild trout population.
4. Anticipated Impacts to Biotic Communities
Project construction will have various impacts to the previously described plant,
wildlife, and aquatic communities. Any construction activities in or near these
resources have the potential to impact biological functions. This section
quantifies and qualifies potential impacts to the natural communities within the
project area in terms of the area impacted and the plants and animals affected.
Temporary and permanent impacts are considered here along with
recommendations to minimize or eliminate impacts.
14

a) Terrestrial Communities
Terrestrial communities in the project area will be impacted permanently by
project construction from clearing and paving. Estimated impacts are based on
the length of the alternative and the entire study corridor width. Alternative 1 is
75 feet (23 m) wide and 2000 feet (610 m) long. Alternative 3, along the
permanent alignment, is 75 feet (23 m) wide and 1500 feet (457 m) long.
Alternative 3, along the temporary detour, is up to 400 feet (122 m) wide and
2130 feet (649 m) long. Table 2 describes the potential impacts to terrestrial
communities by habitat type. Because impacts are based on the entire study
corridor width, the actual loss of habitat will likely be less than the estimate.
Table 2. Estimated Areas of Impcact to Terrestrial Communities
Impacted Area in Acres (Hectares)
Alternative 1 Alternative 3
Community
(Preferred)
Temp.
Perm.
Roadside 0.37 (0.15) 0.00 (0.00) 0.70 (0.28)
Streambank 0.38 (0.15) 0.05 (0.02) 0.14 (0.06)
Maintained 0.48 (0.19) 0.50 (0.20) 0.08 (0.03)
Forested Slope 0.00 (0.00) 2.24 (0.91) 0.00 (0.00)
Developing Wetland 0.50 (0.20) 0.00 (0.00) 0.04 (0.01)
Cultivated 0.27 (0.11) 1.42 (0.58) 0.09 (0.04)
Total Impact 2.0 (0.80) 4.21 (1.71) 1.05 (0.42)
Destruction of natural communities along the project alignment will result in the
loss of foraging and breeding habitats for the various animal species that utilize
the area. Animal species will be displaced into surrounding communities. Adult
birds, mammals, and some reptiles are mobile enough to avoid mortality during
construction. Young animals and less mobile species, such as many
amphibians, may suffer direct loss during construction. The plants and animals
that are found in these upland communities are generally common throughout
western North Carolina.
Impacts to terrestrial communities, particularly in locations having steep to
moderate slopes, can result in the aquatic community receiving heavy sediment
loads as a consequence of erosion. Construction impacts may not be restricted
to the communities in which the construction activity occurs but may also affect
downstream communities. Efforts will be made to ensure that no sediment
leaves the construction site.
15

b) Wetland Communities
The Barnardsville, NC NWI map shows a PSS1A (palustrine/scrub-shrub/broad-
leaved deciduous/temporarily flooded) wetland in the project area. This scrub-
shrub wetland was observed as mapped and will be impacted by project
construction; Alternative 1 impacts approximately 0.5 acres (0.2 ha) and
Alternative 3, permanent alignment, impacts approximately 0.04 acres
(0.01 ha). The wetland is described as a `developing wetland,' with ambiguous
soils. Dillingham Creek meets the definition of surface waters, and is therefore
classified as Waters of the United States. The channel is 70 feet (21.3 m) wide
within the project area.
Wetland communities could be impacted similarly to terrestrial communities.
Table 2 describes the potential impacts to wetland communities. Because
impacts are based on the entire study corridor width, the actual loss of habitat
will likely be less than the estimate.
c) Aquatic Communities
Impacts to aquatic communities include fluctuations in water temperatures as a
result of the loss of riparian vegetation. Shelter and food resources, both in the
aquatic and terrestrial portions of these organisms' life cycles, will be affected by
losses in the terrestrial communities. The loss of aquatic plants and animals will
affect the terrestrial fauna that rely on them as a food source.
Temporary and permanent impacts to aquatic organisms may result from
increased sedimentation. Aquatic invertebrates may drift downstream during
construction and re-colonize the disturbed area once it has been stabilized.
Sediments have the potential to affect fish and other aquatic life in several ways,
including the clogging and abrading of gills and other respiratory surfaces,
affecting the habitat by scouring and filling of pools and riffles, altering water
chemistry, and smothering different life stages. Increased sedimentation may
cause decreased light penetration through an increase in turbidity. Trout
populations are particularly sensitive to water-quality degradation.
Wet concrete should not come into contact with surface water during bridge
construction. Potential adverse effects will be minimized through the
implementation of NCD~T Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface
Waters. In addition, "Guidelines for Construction Adjacent to and Crossing Trout
Waters" as incorporated into Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines will be
implemented and followed throughout the project. ln-stream work and land
16

disturbance within the 25-foot (7.6-m) wide trout stream buffer zone will be
prohibited during the trout spawning season of November 1 through April 15 to
protect the egg and fry stages of trout from off-site sedimentation during
construction. Because the proposed stream is designated as a WS-II water,
erosion control methods for high quality waters will be implemented as included
in NCDOT's Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters and
Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines.
E. Special Topics
1. "Waters of the United States": Jurisdictional Issues
Wetlands and surface waters fall under the broad category of "Waters of the
United States" as defined in 33 CFR § 328.3 and in accordance with provisions
of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). These wetlands and
surface waters are regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE).
Any action that proposes to dredge or place fill material into surface waters or
wetlands falls under these provisions.
The Barnardsville, NC NWI map shows a PSS1A (palustrine/scrub-shrub/broad-
leaved deciduous/temporarily flooded) wetland in the project area. This scrub-
shrub wetland was observed as mapped and will be impacted by project
construction of the preferred alternative.. The wetland is described in section
V.D.I. Plant Communities. It is anticipated that approximately 0.5 acres (0.2 ha)
of this wetland will be impacted by Alternative 1. Dillingham Creek meets the
definition of surface waters, and is therefore classified as Waters of the United
States. The channel is 70 feet (21.3 m) wide within the project area.
2. Permits
Impacts to jurisdictional surface waters are anticipated from the proposed
project. Permits and certifications from various State and Federa( agencies may
be required prior to construction activities.
a) Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, construction is likely to be authorized
by Nationwide Permit (NWP) No. 23, as promulgated under 61 FR 65874,
65916; December 13, 1996. This permit authorizes activities undertaken,
assisted, authorized, regulated, funded, or financed in whole or in part, by
another Federal agency or department where that agency or department has
determined that, pursuant to the Council on Environmental Quality Regulations
17

for Implementing the Procedural Provisions of the National Environmental Policy
Act:
• the activity, work, or discharge is categorically excluded from
environmental documentation because it is included within a category of
actions which neither individually nor cumulatively has a significant. effect
on the human environment; and
• the Office of the Chief Engineer has been furnished notice of the agency's
or department's application for the categorical exclusion and concurs with
that determination.
b) Section 401 Water Quality Certification
This project will also require a 401 Water Quality Certification or waiver thereof,
from the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources prior
to issuance of the NWP 23. Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that
the state issue or deny water certification for any Federally permitted or licensed
activity that results in a discharge into Waters of the United States. In addition,
the project is located in a designated "trout" county, where NCDOT must obtain a
letter of approval from the NC Wildlife Resources Commission. The final permit
decision rests with the USACE.
c) Bridge Demolition and Removal
Demolition and removal of a highway bridge over Waters of the United States
requires a permit from the USACE if dropping components of the bridge into the
water is the only practical means of demolition. Effective September 20, 1999,
this permit is included with the permit for bridge reconstruction.
Section 402-2 "Removal of Existing Structures" of NCDOT's Standard
Specifications for Roads and Structures stipulates that "excavated materials shall
not be deposited in rivers, streams, or impoundments," and "the dropping of
parts or components of structures into any body of water will not be permitted
unless there is no other practical method of removal. The removal from the
water of any part or component of a structure shall be done so as to keep any
resulting siltation to a minimum." To meet these specifications, NCDOT shall
adhere to Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, as
supplemented with Best Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and
Removal.
18

In addition, all in-stream work shall be classified into one of three categories as
follows:
Case 1) In-water work is limited to an absolute minimum, due to the presence of
special resource waters or threatened and/or endangered species,
except for the removal of the portion of the sub-structure below the
water. The work is carefully coordinated with the responsible agency to
protect the Special Resource Water or T&E species.
Case 2) No work at all in the water during moratorium periods associated with
fish migration, spawning, and larval recruitment into nursery areas.
Case 3) No special restrictions other than those outlined in Best Management
Practices for Protection of Surface Waters
Dillingham Creek in the vicinity of the proposed project is a Class WS-II water,
which is by definition a High Quality Water. It is not known to provide habitat for
aquatic species on the federal list of threatened and endangered species. It is
classified as `Public Mountain Trout Water' by the WRC, and carries the DWQ
supplemental Tr classification. Therefore, Cases 1 and 2 apply to the proposed
replacement of Bridge No. 145 over Dillingham Creek.
The superstructure consists of a steel plank floor on steel I-beams. The
substructure consists of reinforced concrete abutments and one pier. One
reinforced concrete abutment and one pier are in the water. The maximum
potential fill is 129 cubic yards (98.6 cubic meters).
The streambed in the project area is nearly all bedrock and cobbles. Therefore,
conditions in the stream do not raise sediment concerns and a turbidity curtain is
not recommended.
d) Tennessee Valley Authority
Buncombe County is a participant in the Tennessee Valley Authority Act.
Approval under Section 26a of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Act will be
required for the bridge replacement project. A copy of this document will be
forwarded to TVA.
3. Mitigation
Because this project will likely be authorized under a Nationwide Permit,
mitigation for impacts to surface waters may or may not be required by the
19

USAGE. In accordance with the Division of Water Quality Wetland Rules [15A
NCAC 211 .0506 (h)] "Fill or alteration of more than one acre (0.4 ha) of
wetlands will require compensatory mitigation; and fill or alteration of more than
150 linear feet (45.6 m) of streams may require compensatory mitigation."
Wetland impacts are not anticipated to exceed one acre (0.4 ha). Up to 610
linear feet (186 m) of Dillingham Creek is located within the study corridor for the
proposed project. The actual stream impacts associated with Alternative 1 will
likely be lower than the 150 linear feet (45.6 m) threshold, depending on final
design plans.
F. Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of plants and animals are declining because of either natural
forces or their difficulty competing with humans for resources. Rare and
protected species listed for Buncombe County, and any likely impacts to these
species because of the proposed project construction, are discussed in the
following sections.
1. Federally Protected Species
Plants and animals with a Federal classification of Endangered (E), Threatened
(T), Proposed Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected
under provisions of Section 7 and Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended.
The USFWS lists thirteen species under Federal protection for Buncombe
County as of March 31, 2002 (USFWS, 2002). These species are listed in
Table 3.
20

Table 3. Species Under Federal Protection for Buncombe County
Common Name Scientific Name Status
ertebrates
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)
Carolina northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus E
Eastern cougar Felis concolor couguar E
Gray bat*** Myotis grisescens E
Spotfin chub* Hybopsis monacha T
Invertebrates
ppalachian elktoe lasmidonta raveneliana E
Oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis E
an riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri E
ascular Plants
Bunched arrowhead* Sagittaria fasciculata E
Mountain sweet pitcher plant Sarracenia jonesii E
Spreading avens Geum radiatum E
Virginia spiraea Spiraea virginiana T
Nonvascular Plants
Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineare E
Notes: E Endangered-A species that is threatened with extinction throughout all or a
significant portion of its range.
T Threatened-A species that is likely to become an endangered species within
the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
T S/A Similarity of Appearance-A species that is listed as threatened due to
similarity of appearance with other rare species.
*Historic record -the species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
'*Obscure record -the date and/or location of observation is uncertain.
***Incidental/mi rant record - the s ecies was observed outside of its normal ran a or habitat.
A brief description of the characteristics and habitat requirements of each
species follows, along with a conclusion regarding potential project impact.
Clemmys muhlenbergii (Bog turtle)Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance
Vertebrate Family: Emydidae
Federally Listed: 1997
The bog turtle is a small freshwater turtle reaching a maximum carapace
length of 4.5 inches (11.4 cm). These turtles have a domed carapace that is
weakly keeled and is light brown to ebony in color. The scutes have alighter-
colored starburst pattern. The plastron is brownish-black with contrasting
yellow or cream areas along the midline. This species is distinguished by a
conspicuous orange, yellow, or red blotch on each side of the head.
The bog turtle is semi-aquatic and is typically found in freshwater wetlands
characterized by open fields, meadows, or marshes with slow moving
21

streams, ditches, and boggy areas. The bog turtle is also found in wetlands
in agricultural areas subject to light to moderate livestock grazing, which
helps to maintain an intermediate stage of succession. During the winter, this
species hibernates just below the upper surface of mud. Mating occurs in
May and June, and the female deposits two to six eggs in sphagnum moss or
sedge tussocks in May, June or July. The diet of the bog turtle is varied,
consisting of beetles, lepidopteran and caddisfly larvae, snails, millipedes,
pondweed and sedge seeds, and carrion.
The southern population of the bog turtle is listed as Threatened due to
Similarity of Appearance to the northern population; therefore, the southern
population is not afforded protection under Section 7 or Section 9 of the
Endangered Species Act. A survey and subsequent biological conclusion are
not required, but if the WRC is of the opinion that bog turtles may inhabit the
wetland, NCDOT will conduct a surrey. A wetland that may be suitable
habitat is developing in an abandoned gravel quarry adjacent to the bridge.
The WRC visited the site and confirmed that the wetland could possibly
support bog turtles, but he did not conduct a thorough search of the site.
G/aucomys sabrinus coloratus (Carolina northern flying squirrel)Endangered
Vertebrate Family: Sciuridae
Federally Listed: 1985
The Carolina northern flying squirrel is a small mammal weighing about three
to five ounces (95 to 140 grams [g]). The adult squirrel is gray with a reddish
or brownish wash on the back, and a grayish white to white underside. It has
a large flap of skin along either side of its body from wrist to ankle. The skin
flaps and its broad flattened tail allow the northern flying squirrel to glide from
tree to tree. It is a strictly nocturnal animal with large dark eyes.
There are several isolated populations of the northern flying squirrel in the
western part of North Carolina along-the Tennessee border. This squirrel is
found above 5000 feet (1524 m) in the vegetation transition zone between
hardwood and coniferous forests. Both forest types are used to search for
food and the hardwood forest is used for nesting sites. The squirrel can
subsist on lichens and fungi throughout much of its range; however, the diet
,, can also include seeds, buds, fruits, cones, and insects.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
No habitat exists in the project area for the Carolina northern flying squirrel.
The project area is at an elevation of 2320 feet (707 m) with no hardwood or
coniferous forests. A search of the NHP database found no occurrence of
this animal within the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the project will
not impact this endangered species.
22

Fells conco/or couguar (eastern cougar) Endangered
Family: Felidae
Federally Listed: 1973
The eastern cougar is a large, unspotted, long-tailed cat. It ranges from
seven to nine feet (2.1 to 2.7 m) in length and from 150 to 200 pounds (68 to
90.7 kilograms) in weight as an adult. Its coloring is tawny over the body and
legs, with black on the muzzle, behind the ears, and the tip of the tail. The
cougar's diet consists mainly of deer, but includes small mammals, wild
turkeys, and occasionally domestic livestock.
Once found from Canada to South Carolina, the current distribution of the
eastern cougar is limited to a few scattered areas. There have been
numerous sightings, but a small permanent population apparently inhabits the
Great Smoky Mountains National Park. In North Carolina, other sightings
have been made in the Nantahala National Forest, the northern part of the
Uwharrie National Forest, and some southeastern counties. The eastern
cougar has no apparent habitat preference, as it occurs in mountain forests
as well as coastal plain swamps. It does seem to need a large undisturbed
wilderness area with adequate food supply. The eastern cougar's
endangered status is largely a result of habitat loss through deforestation, as
well as hunting and trapping.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
The project area is characterized by agricultural and residential areas; there
are no extensive wilderness areas. A search of the NHP database found no
occurrences of the eastern cougar in the project vicinity. It can be concluded
that the project will not impact this endangered species.
Myotis grisescens (gray bat)
Family: Vespertilionidae
Federally Listed: 1976
Endangered
The gray bat is easily distinguished from other bats by its large size and
uniform fur color. It weighs 0.2 to 0.5 ounces (seven to 16 g) and the forearm
measures 1.5 to 1.8 inches (40 to 46 millimeters [mm]) in length. The dorsal
fur is uniformly gray or russet, as opposed to bi- or tri-colored as in other
bats. In all other species of Myotis, the wing membrane connects to the base
of the first toe, whereas in the gray bat it connects at the ankle.
The gray bat is found mainly in the cave regions of Arkansas, Missouri,
Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama, although colonies and individuals are
occasionally found in neighboring states. Gray bats live in caves all year, but
move between summer and winter caves. The sexes separate in summer to
form maternity and bachelor colonies, with the females specifically occupying
caves that trap warm air.
23

Biological Conclusion
No Effect
A search of the NHP database showed no occurrences of the gray bat in the
proposed project vicinity, nor are there any caves in the project area. No bats
were observed at the time of the site visit. Therefore, it is concluded that the
proposed project will have no impact on the gray bat.
Cyprinella monacha (spotfin chub)
Vertebrate Family: Cyprinidae
Federally Listed: 1977
Threatened
This small, elongate fish is recognized by the large black spot in the caudal
region. The spotfin chub grows to a length of 3.6 in (9.2 cm). The mouth is
inferior, with a tiny pair of terminal labial barbels. Breeding males are brilliant
turquoise on the back and sides and have white-tipped fins. Juveniles and
adult females have olive-colored backs, silvery sides, and white undersides.
The spotfin chub is believed to spawn in June. It apparently is a sight feeder,
and its diet consists mainly of dipterans.
The habitat of the spotfin chub is moderate to large streams with alternating
riffles and pools and clear, cool to warm, fast-flowing water. It is restricted to
the Tennessee River drainage area. In North Carolina, it is known only from
the Little Tennessee River in Macon and Swain Counties, and has never
been found in streams with significantly silted substrates.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
A search of the NHP files found no occurrences of the spotfin chub in the
project vicinity. NCDOT biologists surveyed the site for the spotfin chub on
September 21, 2000 and found there was no suitable habitat for this species
in the project area. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed project will
have no impact on the spotfin chub.
Alasmidonta raveneliana (Appalachian elktoe) Endangered
Family: Unionidae
Federally Listed: 1994
The Appalachian elktoe is recognized by a thin, kidney-shaped shell about
3.2 inches (8.1 cm) long, 1.4 inches (3.5 cm) high, and one inch (2.5 cm)
wide. The outer shell surface of juvenile mussels is yellowish-brown whereas
the adult shell is dark brown to greenish-black in color. Rays may be
prominent to obscure. The inside shell surface is shiny white to bluish-white,
changing to a salmon, pinkish, or brownish color in the central and beak
cavity portions of the shell.
The Federal Register lists two known surviving populations of the
Appalachian elktoe. One is in the Little Tennessee River between Emory
Lake in Macon County and Fontana Reservoir in Swain County. The other is
24

in the Nolichucky River system in Yancey and Mitchell Counties. The habitat
in these locations can be described as relatively shallow, medium-sized
creeks and rivers with cool, well-oxygenated, moderate- to fast-flowing water.
Substrates are gravelly mixed with cobble and boulders, or occasionally
coarse and sandy.
Two additional occurrences were found in the files of the North Carolina NHP.
One is a finding of a single specimen in Yancey County in the Cane River, a
major tributary of the Nolichucky River. The other finding was a single dead
specimen in the Tuckasegee River in Swain County. Additional information
from the USFWS Asheville Field Office indicates that the extant range has
recently been expanded in both the Little Tennessee and French Broad
basins.
Major factors contributing to the endangered status of this species include
water quality and habitat degradation resulting from impoundments, stream
channelization projects, and point and non-point sources of pollution and
siltation.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
A search of the NHP files found no occurrences of the Appalachian elktoe in
the project vicinity. NCDOT biologists surveyed the site for the Appalachain
Elktoe on September 21, 2000 and found there was no suitable habitat for
this species in the project area. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed
project will have no impact on the Appalachian elktoe.
Epioblasma capsaeformis (oyster mussel) Endangered
Invertebrate Familiy: Unionidae
Federally Listed: 1997
The shell of the oyster mussel is a dull to sub-shiny, yellowish to green color
with numerous narrow dark green rays. The inside of the shell is white to
bluish-white. Shells of females are slightly inflated and very thin toward the
posterior margin of the shell.
The oyster mussel historically occurred throughout much of the
Cumberlandian region of the Tennessee and Cumberland River drainages in
Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. It is now considered
endangered in Kentucky and Virginia, and is known to survive in small
populations in only a few locations in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia.
Recent research uncovered a record of a collection of this species in Madison
County in 1918 and from the French Broad River at Asheville.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
NCDOT biologists surveyed the project area for the oyster mussel on
September 21, 2000 to determine its occurrence in the region. No mussels
25

were found in Dillingham Creek and suitable habitat for these species was
not found. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed project will have no
impact on the oyster mussel.
Epiob/asma florenfina walkeri (tan riffleshell) Endangered
Family: Unionidae
Federally Listed: 1977
The tan riffleshell is a small, irregularly elliptical or obovate mussel that
reaches about 2.4 inches (60 mm) in length. The periostracum is a dull
brownish-green with evenly distributed faint green rays. The nacre is bluish-
white. Female shells are thin and irridescent at the posterior end and have a
pronounced marsupial swelling. Male shells have a double elliptical ridge and
a wide, shallow radial depression.
The tan riffleshell is the headwaters form of Epioblasma florentina, which was
formerly distributed throughout the Tennessee and Cumberland River
drainages. Extant populations of tan riffleshell are known from the Clinch and
Hiwassee Rivers. They occur in flowing streams less than three feet (one m)
deep with a substrate of coarse sand, gravel, and some silt.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
NCDOT biologists surveyed the site for the tan riffleshell on September 21,
2000 and found no suitable habitat for the species. Therefore, it is concluded
that the proposed project will have no impact on the tan riffleshell.
Sagittaria fasciculata (bunched arrowhead) Endangered
Family: Alismataceae
Federally Listed: 1979
The emergent aquatic perennial bunched arrowhead has spatulate leaves
that reach 12 inches (30.5 cm) in length and 0.75 inches (two cm) in width.
The long-petiolate leaves are basal about an erect scape. The scape bears
three-petaled white flowers in whorls of three, with male flowers above and
female flowers below. Fruits ascend from the stalks of the lowest whorl of
flowers. The fruit is a head of achenes. Flowering and fruiting occurs from
May to July.
Bunched arrowhead is known in North Carolina from only one location in
Henderson County. There is a questionable historic record from Buncombe
County. The plant is found in non-stagnant seepage areas that have very low
or no net flow and sandy loam soils with a thick muck layer.
Biological Conclusion:
N o Effect
There are no seepage areas or soils with a thick muck layer in the vicinity of
the proposed project. No plants were observed at the time of the site visit.
26

Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed project will have no effect on
bunched arrowhead.
Sarracenia jonesii (mountain sweet pitcher plant) Endangered
Family: Sarraceniaceae
Federally Listed: 1989
The mountain sweet pitcher plant is a perennial herb with numerous tubular
leaves growing in clusters. The leaves grow from 21 to 73 inches (53 to 185
cm) tall and have aheart-shaped hood. The waxy dull green of the leaves is
Criss-crossed with maroon-purple veins. The erect scape bears one maroon
flower with five recurved petals.
Populations of mountain sweet pitcher plant are known from ten locations in
North and South Carolina. The four North Carolina populations occur in
Henderson and Transylvania counties in the French Broad River drainage
basin. The plant is restricted to bogs and streamsides and is usually found in
level depressions on floodplains, but has also been found on granite rock
faces beside waterfalls. Soils supporting the plant are deep, poorly drained
acidic soils with a high organic matter content.
Biological Conclusion
No Effect
Although a floodplain depression with wetland characteristics is present in the
project area, the organic matter content of the soil is low and the heavy cover
of woody species would shade out the mountain sweet pitcher plant. No
plants were observed at the time of the site visit, and a search of the NHP
files showed no occurrences in the area. Therefore, it is concluded that the
proposed project will have no effect on the mountain sweet pitcher plant.
Geum radiatum (spreading avens)
Plant Family: Rosaceae
Federally Listed: 1990
Endangered
Spreading avens is a perennial herb having stems with an indefinite cyme of
bright yellow, radially symmetrical flowers. Flowers of spreading avens are
present from June to early July. Spreading avens has basal leaves which are
odd-pinnately compound; terminal leaflets are kidney shaped and much
larger than the lateral leaflets, which are reduced or absent.
Spreading avens is found only in the North Carolina and Tennessee section
of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Spreading avens occurs on scarps,
bluffs, cliffs and escarpments on mountains, hills and ridges. Known
populations of this plant have been found to occur at elevations from 1535 to
1759 m (5060 to 5800 ft). Other habitat requirements for this species include
full sunlight and shallow acidic soils. These soils are composed of sand,
27

pebbles, humus, sandy loam and clay loam. Most populations are pioneers
on rocky outcrops.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
A search of the NHP files found no occurrence of spreading avens in the
project vicinity. The project area is characterized by agricultural and
residential areas; rocky outcrops, scarps, bluffs, cliffs and escarpments on
mountains, hills and ridges are not common to this area. The heavy cover of
woody species would also shade out the spreading avens. Because habitat
does not exist within the project area for this species, it may be concluded
that the proposed project will have no effect on this threatened species.
spiraea virginiana (Virginia spiraea)
Family: Rosaceae
Federally Listed: 1990
Threatened
Virginia spiraea is a perennial shrub with arching, upright stems. Its growth
form is described as "plastic" and varies depending upon age and
environmental conditions. The roots are a complex system of horizontal
rootstock with mats of small fibrous roots. If exposed, the horizontal rootstock
gives rise to upright stems. Virginia spiraea typically has a diffuse branching
pattern and grows to three to ten feet (one to three m) in height. Leaves are
simple, ovate to lanceolate, with an acute base. The leaf margins range from
entire to completely serrate. Virginia spiraea flowers from late May to late
July, with bright to creamy white flowers forming a corymb.
Virginia spiraea is typically found in disturbed sites along rivers and streams.
It forms dense clumps around boulders and in rock crevices, and apparently
depends on flood scour to eliminate woody competitors and create suitable
early successional habitats. Typical habitat includes scoured banks of high
gradient streams or on meander scrolls, point bars, natural levees, and
braided features of lower stream reaches. In North Carolina, extant
populations are known from Ashe, Macon, Mitchell, and Yancey counties. In
Graham County, there is an historic record of an extirpated population. This
species may occur in similar habitats in other counties.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
A search of the NHP files found no occurrence of Virginia spiraea in the
project vicinity. Because habitat may exist along the banks of Dillingham
Creek within the project area for this species, the project area was surveyed
for Virginia spiraea in June. No plants were found. Therefore, it may be
concluded that the proposed project will have no effect on this threatened
species.
28

Gymnoderma lineare (rock gnome lichen) Endangered
Family: Cladoniaceae
Federally Listed: 1994
The rock gnome lichen is a squamose lichen in the reindeer moss family.
The lichen can be identified by its fruiting bodies, which are born singly or in
clusters, black in color, and are found at the tips of the squamules. The
fruiting season of the rock gnome lichen occurs from July through September.
The rock gnome lichen is a narrow endemic, restricted to areas of high
humidity. These high humidity environments occur on high elevation
(4000 feet or 1220 m) mountaintops and cliff faces that are frequently bathed
in fog or lower elevation (2500 feet or 762 m) deep gorges in the Southern
Appalachians. The rock gnome lichen primarily occurs on vertical rock faces
where seepage water from forest soils above flows only at very wet times.
The rock gnome lichen is almost always found growing with the moss
Adreaea in these vertical intermittent seeps. The major threat of extinction to
the rock gnome lichen relates directly to habitat alteration and loss of high-
elevation coniferous forests. These coniferous forests usually lie adjacent to
the habitat occupied by the rock gnome lichen. The high elevation habitat
occurs in Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Mitchell, Swain, and
Yancey Counties. The lower elevation habitat of the rock gnome lichen can
be found in Jackson, Rutherford, and Transylvania Counties.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
No habitat exists in the project area for the rock gnome lichen. The elevation
of the project area is approximately 2320 feet (707 m) and there are no
vertical rock faces present. In Buncombe County, this species occurs on
mountaintops and cliff faces at elevations above 4000 feet (1220 m). A
search of the NHP database found no occurrence of rock gnome lichen in the
project vicinity. It can be concluded that the project will not impact this
threatened species.
2. Federal Species of Concern
Federal Species of Concern (FSC) are not legally protected under the
Endangered Species Act and are not subject to any of its provisions, including
Section 7, until they are formally proposed or listed as Threatened or
Endangered. Table 4 includes FSC species listed for Buncombe County and
their state classifications. Organisms which are listed as Endangered (E),
Threatened (T), or Special Concern (SC) on the North Carolina Natural Heritage
Program list of Rare Plant and Animal Species are afforded State protection
under the State Endangered Species Act and the North Carolina Plant Protection
and Conservation Act of 1979. However, the level of protection given to state-
listed species does not apply to NCDOT activities.
29

Table 4. Federal Species of Concern in Buncombe County
Common Name Scientific Name State
Status Habitat
Present
Vertebrates
Appalachian Bewick's Wren* Thryomanes bewickii altus E No
AppalachianYellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius appalachiensis SR No
Bachman's Sparrow* Aimophila aestivalis SC No
Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea SR No
Eastern Small-footed Bat* Myotis leibii SC No
Eastern Woodrat /Southern Appalachian
Woodrat Neotoma floridana haematoreia SC No
Hellbender** Cryptobranchus alleganiensis SC Yes
Longhead Darter* Percina macrocephala SC No
Paddlefish'` Polyodon spathula E No
Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat* Corynorhinus rafinesquii SC Yes
Southern Appalachian Black-capped
Chickadee* Poecile atricapillus practicus SC No
Southern Appalachian Northern Saw-whet
Owl Aegolius acadicus pop 1 SC No
Southern Appalachian Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra pop 1 SR No
Southern Water Shrew Sorex palustris punctulatus SC No
Invertebrates
Diana Fritillary** Speyeria diana SR No
French Broad Crayfish Cambarus reburrus W2 Yes
Tawny Crescent* Phyciodes batesii maconensis SR No
Vascular Plants
Butternut Juglans cinerea W5 No
Cain's Reedgrass Calamagrostis cainii E No
Carolina Saxifrage
Divided-leaf Ragwort Saxifrage caroliniana
Senecio millefolium C
T No
No
Fraser Fir Abies fraseri C No
Eraser's Loosestrife" Lysimachia fraseri E Yes
French Broad Heartleaf Hexastylis rhombiformis C No
Glade Spurge /Darlington's Spurge Euphorbia purpurea C No
Gray's Lily Lilium grayi T-SC No
Mountain Catchfly Silene ovata C No
Mountain Heartleaf Hexastylis contracta E No
Pinnate-lobed Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia triloba var pinnatiloba C No
Piratebush Buckleya distichophylla E No
Sweet Pinesap Monotropsis odorata C No
Sources: USFWS, 1998; Amoroso, ed., 1997; LeGrand and Hall, eds., 1997
Key: T = Threatened, E =Endangered, SC =Special Concern, C =Candidate, SR =Significantly
Rare, W2 = Rare, but taxonomically questionable, W5 =Rare because of severe decline
** =Obscure record, date uncertain.
* =Historic record. The s ecies was last observed in the coun > 50 ears a o
30

No FSC species were observed during the site visit. According to NHP records,
none of these species occur within two miles (3.2 km) of the project area.
3. Summary of Anticipated Impacts
Of the thirteen species listed by the USFWS for Federal protection in Buncombe
County, none are expected to be affected by the proposed bridge replacement.
With respect to the bog turtle, listed Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance,
a survey and subsequent biological conclusion are not required, but if the WRC
is of the opinion that bog turtles may inhabit the wetland, NCDOT will conduct a
survey. Of the 31 species listed as Federal Species of Concern in Buncombe
County, four have habitat present in the project area, however no Federal
Species of Concern were observed in the area and there are no NHP records of
these species occurring within two miles (3.2 km) of the project area.
VI. CULTURAL RESOURCES
A. Compliance Guidelines
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966, as amended and implemented by the Advisory Council
on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified
as 36 CFR Part 800. Section 106 requires Federal agencies and their
representatives to take into account the effect their undertakings (Federally
funded, licensed, or permitted projects) have on properties listed in or eligible for
the National Register of Historic Places, and to afford the Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation a reasonable opportunity to comment on such
undertakings.
B. Historic Architectural Resources
On October 21, 1999, representatives of the North Carolina Department of
Transportation and North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (HPO)
reviewed photographs of the project Area of Potential Effects (APE). In a
concurrence form dated October 29, 1999, the State Historic Preservation
Officer (SHPO) concurred that there are no historic architectural resources either
listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places within the
APE. A copy of the concurrence form is located in Appendix A.
31

C. Archaeological Resources
The SHPO, in a comment memorandum dated May 7, 2001, concurred with the
NCDOT that no archaeological sites are located within the project area and that
the project will not involve significant archaeological resources. These
comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations
for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800. A copy of this
memorandum is included in Appendix A.
VII.ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Anticipated impacts to the resources in the project area are described in this
section. The project is considered to be a Federal "Categorical Exclusion"
because of its limited scope and insignificant environmental consequences. The
project is expected to have an overall positive impact. Replacement of an
inadequate bridge will result in safer traffic operations.
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or zoning regulation.
No significant change in land use is expected to result from construction of the
project.
No adverse effect on public facilities or services is anticipated. The project is not
expected to adversely affect social, economic, or religious opportunities in the
area.
No adverse effect on families or communities is anticipated. Right-of-way
acquisition will be limited. One residence will be relocated as part of the
proposed project. No businesses will be relocated.
There are no publicly owned parks, recreational facilities, or wildlife and
waterfowl refuges of national, state, or local significance in the vicinity of the
project.
The Barnardsville, NC NWI map shows a PSS1A (palustrine/scrub-shrub/broad-
leaved deciduous/temporarily flooded) wetland in the project area. It is
anticipated that this wetland will be impacted (0.5 acres or 0.2 ha) by the
preferred alternative.
Construction is likely to be authorized by Nationwide Permit (NWP) No. 23. This
project will also require a 401 Water Quality Certification or waiver thereof, from
32

the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources prior to
issuance of the NWP 23.
The project is located in a designated "trout" county, where NCDOT must obtain
a letter of approval from the NC Wildlife Resources Commission. Final permit
decision rests with the USACE. In-stream work and land disturbance within the
25-foot (7.6-m) wide trout stream buffer zone is prohibited during the trout
spawning season of November 1 through April 15 to protect the egg and fry
stages of trout from off-site sedimentation during construction.
In-water work is limited to an absolute minimum, due to the presence of special
resource waters or threatened and/or endangered species, except for the
removal of the portion of the sub-structure below the water. The work is carefully
coordinated with the responsible agency to protect the Special Resource Water
or Threatened and Endangered species.
The Farmland Protection Policy Act requires all Federal agencies or their
representatives to consider the potential impacts to prime and important
farmland soils by all land acquisition and construction projects. Prime and
important farmland soils are defined by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation
Service. No prime or important farmlands will be impacted by the proposed
project.
This project is an air quality "neutral" project, so it is not required to be included
in the regional emission analysis (if applicable) and a project level carbon
monoxide analysis is not required. The project is located in Buncombe County,
which has been determined to be in compliance with the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards. 40 CFR part 51 is not applicable because the proposed
project is located in an attainment area. This project is not anticipated to create
any adverse effects on the air quality of this attainment area.
Traffic volumes will not increase or decrease because of this project. There are
no receptors located in the immediate project area. The project's impact on
noise and air quality will not be significant.
If vegetation is disposed of by burning, all burning shall be done in accordance
with applicable local laws and regulations of the North Carolina State
Implementation Plan for air quality in compliance with 15 NAACO 2D.0520.
Noise levels could increase during construction but will be temporary. This
evaluation completes the assessment requirements for highway traffic noise (23
33

CFR Part 772) and for air quality (1990 CAAA and NEPA), and no additional
reports are required.
An examination of records at the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, Groundwater Section and the
Division of Waste Management revealed leaking underground storage tanks in
the northwest quadrant of the existing bridge (See Figures 2a and 2b for
location). These tanks hold gasoline and testing in the project area confirmed
groundwater contamination. No other hazardous waste sites, regulated or
unregulated landfills, nor dump sites were located in the project area.
Buncombe County is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP). Flood Insurance Study maps for Buncombe County show that Bridge
No. 145 is located in a FEMA 100-year floodplain (see Figure 5). Replacement
of this bridge is not expected to affect the 100-year floodplain.
On the basis of the above discussions, it is concluded that no significant adverse
environmental effects will result from implementation of this project.
VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
The following agencies have been contacted for input on the subject project:
• Federal Highway Administration
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
• U.S. Department of Agriculture: Natural Resource Conservation Service
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
• U.S. Geological Survey
• N.C. Board of Transportation
• N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resource: Division of
Water Quality
• N.C. Department of Public Instruction
• N.C. Division of Cultural Resource
• N.C. Division of Parks and Recreation
• N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission
• Buncombe County School Superintendent
• Buncombe County Manager and Commissioners
• Tennessee Valley Authority
Agency responses have been summarized in the following section (IX. Agency
Comments).
34

IX. AGENCY COMMENTS
United States Army Corps of Engineers (email comment): The Corps defers
to the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission to determine the precise
time period of any moratioriums associated with trout spawning seasons in the
associated stream. Because this stream is in a trout water county, apre-
construction notification (PCN) will be required for any and all nationwide permits
requested.
United States Department of Agriculture: The Natural Resources
Conservation Service does not have any comments at this time.
United States Department of the Interior- Fish and Wildlife Service: Federal
List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants as well as species of
Federal concern were sent for Buncombe County. A survey was recommended
of the project area for species prior to further planning or on-the-ground activities
to ensure no adverse impacts occur to these species.
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission: Dillingham Creek is a
designated Public Mountain Trout Water and is classified as Hatchery
Supported. Another spanning structure is recommended to replace the existing
structure. No in water work should be performed between November 1 and April
15 to protect trout egg and fry stages from sedimentation.
Public Schools of North Carolina- Buncombe County Public Schools: No
adverse impacts expected if traffic is maintained during construction and service
to the project area is not interrupted.
Tennessee Valley Authority: The categorical exclusion document prepared for
these projects should note that approvals under Section 26a of the TVA Act
would be required for the bridge replacement. At this time, no known
environmental concerns are present at the bridge replacement site.
35

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North Carolina -Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 1
VICINITY MAP
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 145
ON SR 2173 OVER DILLINGHAM CREEK
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
TIP NO. B-3310
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North Carolina -Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 4a
NORTH AND WEST VIEWS OF BRIDGE
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 145
ON SR 2173 OVER DILLINGHAM CREEK
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
TIP NO. B-3310
~.a.uaa.~ vi uuus~. ~a~u~s •~ w~

North Carolina -Department of
Division of Highways
Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 4b
EAST AND NORTH VIEWS OF BRIDGE
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 145
ON SR 2173 OVER DILLINGHAM CREEK
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
T

USDA
r
ad States
artment of
culture
rat
wrces Ms. Stacy Hams, P. E.
setvatlon project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
Ice NC Department of Transportation
i Biand Rd. P. ~. BoX 25201
:205 Raleigh, NC 27611-5201
:igh, NC 27609
~) 873-2134 Dear Ms. Hams:
~' May 10, 2000
D ~~~~MC
/RALEIGH
Thank you for the opportunity to provide comments on the following:
1. B-3419, Burke County, North Carolina, Replace Bridge No 46 on SR 1223 over the Catawba
River; • -
2. B-3343, Haywood County, North Carolina, Replace Bridge No. 48 on SR 1318 OVER
Hemphill Creek;
3. B-3310, Buncombe County, North Carolina, Replace Bridge No 145 on SR 2173 over
Dillingham Creek.
The Natural Resources Conservation Service does not have any comments at this time.
Sincerely,
~ U ~ 1~
Mary T. Kollsteht
State Conservationist
The Natural P.esources Conservation Servics works hand-in-hand wish the
American people to consenie natural resources on private land AN EQUAL OPPOP,TUhIITY EP~PLOYER

X3310

United States Department of the Interi
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
.4sheville, Nor[h Carolina 2S501
May 17, 2000
Mr.' William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
~~ ~ 2 ~ ~~
EARTH TECH /RALEIGH
According to your letter of April 18, 2000 (received Apri128, 2000), the North Carolina
Department of Transportation is proposing the following three bridge replacement projects:
B-3419; replacement of Bridge No. 46 on SR 1223 over the Catawba River,
Burke County, North Carolina (our Log Number 4-2-00-180)
• B-3343; replacement of Bridge No. 48 on SR 1318 over Hemphill Creek,
Haywood County (our Log Number 4-2-00-181)
B-3310; replacement of Bridge No.145 on SR 2173 over Dillingham Creek,
Buncombe County. (our ~,og Number 4-2-00-182) ,_ ~ _ -
As requested, we have reviewed the proposed projects and are providing the following comments
in accordance with the provisions of Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act), acid the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 661-667e). The legal responsibilities of a Federal agency or its designated
non-Federal representative under Section 7 of the Act are on file with the Federal Highway
Administration.
Enclosed is a list of species from Burke, Haywood, and Buncombe Counties that are on the
Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants, as well as species of Federal
concern. Although our records for Haywood and Buncombe Counties indicate no known
locations of these species in the project areas, we recommend surveying each of the project areas
for these~species prior to any further planning or on-the-ground activities to ensure no adverse
impacts occur to these species. Our records for Burke County indicate there is a known location

of the federally threatened dwarf-flowered heartleaf (Hexastylis naniflora) in the immediate
vicinity of Bridge No. 46. The plant occurs on the upland just to the north of the river. If this
species occurs in the project area, additional consultation will be required. Additionally, there is
a historic record for a species of Federal concern--the brook floater (Alasmidonta varicosa)--from
a site nearby in the Catawba River. The project area for Bridge No. 46 should be surveyed for
these species to ensure they are protected from impacts.
Species of Federal concern are not legally protected under the Act and are not subject to any of
its provisions, including Section 7, unless they are formally proposed or listed as endangered or
threatened. We are including these species in our response to give you advance notification and
to request your assistance in protecting them if any are found in the vicinity of your projects.
The information that accompanied your letter concerning these projects related only to the
removal of the existing bridges. According to this information, there will be temporary fill
associated with two of the three projects. We recommend that this fill be minimized to the extent
possible and that no heavy equipment be operated in the stream channel. To maintain bank
stability, any cutting and removal of woody vegetation along the stream banks should be avoided
to the maximum extent possible. We also recommend removing any fill in the flood plain
associated with the existing structures. These areas should be returned to the natural elevation of
the flood plain to restore its natural function. This will m;n;m;ze the potential for stream-bank
and channel scouring that may occur during storm flows as a result of any constriction of the
flood plain or stream channel associated with the existing structures.
As stated above, the information you provided addressed only the removal of the existing
bridges; no information was provided concerning the types of structures that. will replace the
existing bridges or what measures will be implemented to minimize the potential effects
associated with the new structures and their construction. We recommend that the existing
structures be replaced with bridges. We recommend that each new bridge design include
provisions for the roadbed and deck drainage to flow thzough a vegetated buffer prior to reaching
the affected stream. This buffer should be large enough to alleviate any potential effects from the
run-off of storm water and pollutants. The bridge designs should not alter the natural stream and
stream-bank morphology or impede fish passage. Any piers or bents should be placed outside
the bank-full width of the streams. The bridges and approaches should be designed to avoid any
fill that will result in darnming or constriction of the channel or flood plain. If spanning the flood
plain is not feasible, culverts should be installed in the flood plain portion of the approaches in
order to restore some of the hydrological functions of the flood plain and reduce high velocities
of flood waters within the affected areas. We recommend that erosion- and sedimentation-
controlmeasures be in place prior to any ground-disturbing activities. Wet concrete should
never be allowed to come into contact with the stream.
We appreciate the opportunity to provide these comments. If you have~any questions or
concerns, please contact Ms. Marella Buncick of our staff at 828/258-3939, Ext. 237. We have

assigned each of these projects a separate log number; please reference these numbers in any
future correspondence concerning these projects.
Sincerely,
,/, ,~ ~ ':
Brian P. Cole
State Supervisor
Enclosure
cc:
Mr. Mark Davis, Mountain. Region Coordinator, North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, 20830 Great Smoky Mtn. Expressway, Waynesville, NC 28786
Mr. Bob Johnson, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Asheville Regulatory Field Office, 151 Patton
Avenue, Room 143, Asheville, NC 28801-5006
Mr. Roger Bryan, Division 13 Environmental Officer, North Carolina DeparGcnent of
Transportation, P.O. Box 3279, Asheville, NC 28802

ENDANGERED, THREATENED, AND CA.i~IDIDATE SPECIES
AND FEDERAL SPECIES OF CONCERN
BUNCOMBE, BURKE, AND HAYWOOD COUNTLES, NORTH CAROLINA
This list was adapted from the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program's County Species List. It is a
listing, for Buncombe, Burke, and Hay~vood Counties, of North Carolina's federally listed and proposed
endangered, threatened, and candidate species and Federal species of concern (for a complete list of rare
species in the state, please contact the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program). The information in this
list is compiled from a variety of sources, including field surveys, museums and herbariums, literature, and
personal communications. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program's database is dynamic, with new
records being added and old records being revised as new information is received. Please note that this list
cannot be considered a definitive record of listed species and Federal species of concern, and it should not
be considered a substitute for field surveys.
Critical habitat: Critical habitat is noted, with a description, for the counties where it is designated.
Aquatic species: Fishes and aquatic invertebrates are noted for counties where they are known to occur.
However, projects may have effects on downstream aquatic systems in adjacent counties.
COMMON NAME SCIENTII~C NAME STATUS
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
Vertebrates
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl
Bachman's sparrow
Bog turtle
Rafinesque's big-eared bat
Hellbender
Cerulean warbler
Eastern cougar
Carolina northern flying squirrel .~
Spotfm chub
Southern Appalachian red crossbill
Gray bat
Eastern small-footed myotis
Southern Appalachian woodrat
Southern Appalachian black-capped
chickadee
Longhead darter
Paddlefish
Southern water shrew
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied
sapsucker
Appalachian Bewick's wren
Invertebrates
Appalachian elktoe
French Broad crayfish
Aegolius acadicus FSC
Aimophila aestivalis FSC*
Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)1
Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) rafinesquii FSC*
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Dendroica cerulea ~ FSC
Felix concolor couguar Endangered*
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus ~ Endangered
Hybopsis monacha
~~ Threatened*
Lozia curvirosfra •' ~ FSC ~~ - •
Myotis grisescens Endangered***
1Vfyotis leibii FSC
Neotoma floridana haematoreia FSC
Pares atricapillus practices FSC
Percina macrocephala FSC*
Polyodon spathula FSC*
Sorex pale. stris punctulatus FSC
Sphyrapiczes varies appalaeiensis FSC
Thryomanes bewickii altus FSC*
Alasmidonta raveneliana Endangered
Cambarus reburrus FSC
~ecemoerLV, rris -
Page 1 of 4

COMMON NANtE SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Tawny crescent butterfly .
Diana fritillary butterfly
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir
Piratebush
Cain's reedgrass
Glade spurge
Spreading avens
Mountain heartleaf
French Broad heartleaf
Butternut
Gray's lily .
Fraser's loosestrife
Sweet pinesap
Pinnate-lobed black-eyed Susan
Bunched arrowhead
Mountain sweet pitcher plant
Carolina saxifrage
Divided-leaf ragwort
Mountain catchfly
Virginia Spiraea
Nonvascular Plants
Rock gnome lichen
BURKF COUN'T'Y
Critical Habitat Designation:
Phycoides batesii FSC*
Speyeria diana FSC*
Abies fraseri FSC
Buckleya distichophylla FSC
Calamagrostis cainii FSG
Euphorbia purpurea FSC
Geum radiatum ~ Endangered
Hexastylis contracts FSC
Hexastylis rhombiforniis FSC
Juglans cinerea FSC
Lilium grayi FSC
Lysimachia fraseri FSC*
Monotropsis odorata FSC
Rudbeckia triloba var. pinnatoloba FSC
Sagittaria fasciculata Endangered*
Sarracenia jonesii Endangered*
Saxifraga caroliniana FSC
Senecio millefolium FSC
Silene ousts FSC
Spiraea virginiana Threatened
Gymnoderma lineare Endangered
Mountain golden heather, Hudsania montana -The area bounded by the following: on
the west by the 2200' contour; on the east by the Linville Gorge Wilderness Boundary north
from the intersection :of the 2200' contour and the Shortoff Mountain Trail to where it
intersects the 3400' contour at "The Chimneys"--then follow the 3400' contour north untl
it reintersects the Wilderness Boundary--then follow the Wilderness Boundary again
northward until it intersects the 3200' contour extending west from its intersection with the
Wilderness Boundary until it begins to turn south--at this point the Boundary extends due
east until it intersects the 2200' contour.
Vertebrates
Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalics Threatened
Alleghany woodrat Neotoma rnagister FSC
Invertebrates
Brook floater Alasmidonta varicosa FSC
Edmund's snaketail dragonfly Ophiogomphus edmtcndo FSC*
Pygmy snaketail dragonfly Ophiogomphus howei ~ FSC
Diana fritillary butterfly Speyeria diana FSC
December 10, 1999 Pa.;~ ? ofT

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Vascular Plants
Spreading avers
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf
Mountain golden heather
Small-whorled pogonia
Butternut
Pleller's blazing star
Sweet pinesap
Carolina saxifrage
Geum radiaturn
Hexastylis naniflora
Kudsonia mantana
Isotria medeoloides
.Iuglans, cinerea
Liatris helleri
Monatropsis odorata
Saxifraga caroliniana
Endangered
Threatened
Threatened
Threatened
FSC
Threatened
FSC
FSC
Nonvascular Plants
A liverwort
A Liverwort
A liverwort
Cephaloziella obtusilabula
Plagiochila sullivantii var. spinigera
Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii
FSC*
FSC
FSC
I3AYWOOD COUNTY
Vertebrates
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl
Bog turtle
Olive-sided flycatcher
Hellbender
Cerulean warbler
Eastern cougar
Carolina northern flying squirrel
Bald eagle
Southern Appalachian red crossbill
Southern rock vole
Southern Appalachian woodrat
Alleghany woodrat
Southern Appalachian black-capped
chickadee
Southern water shrew
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied
sapsucker
Appalachian cottontail
Appalachian Bewick's wren
Aegolius acadictcs
Clemmys rnuhlenbergii
Cantopus borealis
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
Dendroica cerulea
Fells concolor couguar
Glaucamys sabrinus caloratus
Haliaeetus leztcocephalus
Loxia curvirostra
Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis
Neotoma floridana haematoreia
Neotoma magister
Pares atricapillus practices
FSC
T(S/A)~
FSC
FSC
FSC
Endangered*
Endangered .
Threatened
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
Invertebrates
Appalachian elktoe
Tawny crescent butterfly
Diana fritillary butterfly
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir
Piratebush
Mountain bittercress
Manhart's sedge
Tall larkspur
=Sorex palustris punctulatus -- - ESC ~, _
Sphyrapicus varies appalaciensis FSC
Sylvilagus obscures
Tlzryomanes bewickii altus
Alasmidonta raveneliana
Phyciades batesii maconensis
Speyeria diana
Abies fraseri
Bccckleya disticophylla
Cardamine clematitis
Carex manhartii
Delphinium exaltatzcm
FSC
FSC
Endangered
FSC*
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC*
acv. J'1

COM1i ION NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Glade spurge Euphorbia purpurea FSC
Smoky Mountain manna grass Glyceria nubigena FSC
Small-whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides Threatened
Butternut Juglans cinerea FSC
Fraser's loosestrife Lysimachia fraseri FSC
Rugel's ragwort Rugelia nudicaulis FSC
Carolina saxifrage Saxifrage caroliniana FSC
Mountain catchfly Silene ovate FSC
Alabama least trillium Trillium pusillum var. 1 FSC
Nonvascular Plants
Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineare Endangered
A liverwort Plagiochila sharpii FSC
A liverwort ~ Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii FSC
A liverwort Sphenolobopsis pearsonii FSC
KEY:
Status De£nltion
Endangered A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
Threatened A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its range."
FSC A Federal species of concern--a species that may or may not be listed in the future (formerly
C2 candidate species or species under consideration for listing for which there is insufficient
informafion to support listing). '
T(S/A) Threatened due to similarity of appearance (e.g., American alligator )--a species that is
threatened due to similarity of appearance with other rare species and is listed for its protection.
These species are not biologically endangered or threatened and are not subject to Section 7
consultation,
Species with 1, 2, 3, or 4 asterisks~behind them indicate historic, obscure, or incidental records.
*Historic record -the species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
**Obscure record -the date and/or location of observation is uncertain.
'~**Incidental/migrant record -the species was observed outside of its normal range or habitat,
****Historic record -obscure and incidental record.
rIn the November 4, 1997, Federal Register (55822-55825), the northern population of the bog turtle (from New
York south to Maryland) was listed as T (threatened), and the southern population (from Virginia south to
Georgia)was listed as T(S/A) (threatened due to similarity of appearance). The T(S/A) designation bans the
collection and interstate and internatioaal commercial trade of bag turtles from the southern population. The T(S/Aj
designation has no effect on land-management activities by private landowners in North Carolina, part of the
southern population of the species. In addition to its official status as T(S/A), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
considers the southern population of the bog turtle as a Federal species of concern due to habitat loss,
December 20, 1999 Pa•;e 4 r~(4

P r SfA7t ~~
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~~~~,.
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
Michael F. Easley, Governor
Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
b2ay 7, 2001
MEMORANDUM
To: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
From: David Brook
Deputy State 'st c Preservation ficer
Division of Archives and History
Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
ltc: Bridge #145 on SR 2173 over Dillingham Creek, B-3310, Buncombe County, ER 00-9684
Thank you for your letter of February 12, 2001, transmitting the archaeological survey report by
Gerald Glover concerning the above project.
]wring the course of the survey no sites were located within the project area. The • author. has
recommended that no futther'axchaeological investigation lie conduced in connection with this
project. We concur with this recommendation since this project will not involve significant
archaeological resources. ~
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106
codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, Environmental Review Coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
DB:kgc
cc: Gerold Glover, NCDOT
Thomas Padgett, NCDOT
Location Mailing Address Telephoae/Fax
Administration 507 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4617 [phone] •733-863
Restoration 51 ~ N. Blount St, Raleigh , NC 4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4613 (9l9) 733-6547.715-4801
Survey & Planning 5l5 N. Blount S[, Raleigh, NC 4618 Mail Service Center, Raleieh 27699-4618 (9l9) 733763 •715-4801

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North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
James B. Hunt Jr., Governor Division of Archives and History
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
June 9, ?000
NiEMORANDUM
TO: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Division of Highways
Department of Transportation p~
FROM: David Brook YU lfl~~
Deputy State Hist 'c Preservation Officer
SUBJECT: Replacement of Bridge No. 145 on SR 2173 over Dillingham Creek, TIP No. B=3310,
Buncombe County, ER 00-9684
On May 24, 2000, our office requested an architectural survey concerning the above project.
However, on October 21, 1999, Jennifer Martin of our office signed a concurrence form stating that
there were no eligible properties located within the area of potential effect for this property. We stand
by our October 21, 1999 determination.
Please disregard our May 24, 2000 letter. We apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and
the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified
at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
Sincerely,
David Brook
(~anCity Ct~.te N1Str?riC P~°5a1"~::ltl(?il C?fficer
UL:scb
cc: l;. Church
Locution
AO~iI~l5TR.\TION ~U7 N. I;luunt tit.. Ralet;'h tiC'
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North Carolzna Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
James B. Hunt Jr., Governor
Division of Archives and History
Betty Ray McCain. Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
Ma~~ 34, 2000
ivtE~[ORANDUM
T0: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Ivtanager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Division of Highways
Department of Tra sf-3'ot~ation
,, ~ ~ /~~
FROM: David Brook ~ `~
Deputy State istoric Preserva ton ficer -
SUBJECT: Bridge No. 145 on SR 2173 over Dillingham Creek, B-3310, Buncombe County, ER 00-9684
-['hank you for your letter of April 18, 2000, concerning the above project.
We have conducted a search of our files and are aware of no structures of historical or architectural importance
located within the planning area. However, since a comprehensive historical architectural inventory of has
never been conducted, there may be structures of which we are unaware located within the planning area.
Several recorded sites are located within 0.5 mile of the existing bridge.
We recommend that a comprehensive survey be conducted by an experienced archaeologist to identify the
presence and significance of archaeological remains that may be damaged or destroyed by the proposed project.
Potential effects on unknown resources should be assessed prior to the initiation of construction activities.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the
Ad~•isory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR
Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. Ifyou have questions concerning the above comment,
please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
DB: scb•
cc: B. Church
T. Padvett
Location Mailing address Telephone/Fac
.aDi~~IIYISTR~T[O~ti
' X47 X. Blount S~.. Ralci~~h ~7C; ahl7 ~iuil Service Center. Rulei!~h ?vC' ~7hy9-,/,17 (v4yi 7:}-~17h3 73)
;ih~3
.aRCHAEOLQC~
' 1]1 ti. Blount St.. Rslci~h U(' dfll'1 Mail Scn•ice Cenicr. Ra!vith \(' `7ti94-~':1'/ -
('11`I) 7i3-'3~? 71.
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Federal Aid #BRZ-2173(1) ~ 17P #B-3310 ~ County: Buncombe
CONCURRENCE FORM FOR PROPERTIES NOT ELIGIBLE FOR THE NATIONAL
• REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
Project Description: Replace Bridge No. 145 on SR 2173 over Dillinghami Creek '
On October 21, 1999, representatives of the
[North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) ~ ~ ~ .~
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
[]North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). ~ .,.
Reviewed the subject project at
a scoping meeting
Q~photograph review session/consultation ~ •
Q other
All parties present agreed ,
ere are no properties over fifty yeazs old within the project's area of potential effect. '..~~•
ere aze no properties less than fifty yeazs old which are considered to meet Criterion
Consideration G within the project's area of potential effect.
there are properties over fifty years old (list attached)•within the project's area of potential effect,
but based on the historical information available and the photographs of each property, properties
identified as are considered not eligible foi the National
Register and no further evaluation of them is necessary..
there are no National Register-listed properties located within the project's area of potential effect.
Signed:
Repres
P
FHWA,~the Division Administrator, or other Federal Agency
State Historic Preservation
1 ~/ 2 l~ ~q
Date
Date
/a/L~/y~
Date
D e /
If a survey report is prepared, a final copy of this form and the attached list will be included.

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® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
TO: Stacy Hams, PE
Project Engineer, NCDOT
FROM: David Cox, Highway project Coor ' r
Habitat Conservation Program -
DATE: May 25, 2000
SUBJECT: NCDOT Bridge Replacements in Buncombe, Burke, and Haywood counties of
North Carolina. TIP Nos. B-3310, B-3419, and B-3343.
Biologists with the N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) have reviewed the
information provided and have the following preliminary comments on the subject project. Our
comments are provided in accordance with provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act
(42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16
U.S.C. 661-667d).
On bridge replacement projects of this scope our standard recommendations are as
follows:
1. We generally prefer spanning structures. Spanning structures usually do not require .
work within the stream and do not require stream channel realignment. The honzontal
and vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for human and wildlife passage
beneath the structure, does not block fish passage, and does not block navigation by
canoeists and boaters.
2. Bridge deck drains should not discharge directly into the stream.
;. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the stream
4. If possible, bridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.
5. If temporary access roads or detours are constructed, they should be removed back to
original ground elevations immediately upon the completion of the project. Disturbed

Bridge Nlemo 2 1VIay 2 ~, 2000
areas should be seeded or mulched to stabilize the soil and native tree species should
be planted with a spacing of not more than 10'x10'. If possible, when using temporary
structures the azea should be cleared but not grubbed. Cleazing the area with chain
saws, mowers, bush-hogs, or other mechanized equipment and leavinJ the stumps and
root mat intact, allows the area to revegetate naturally and minimizes disturbed soil.
6. A clear bank (riprap free) area of at Ieast 10 feet should remain on each side of tlae
steam underneath the bridge.
7. In trout waters, the N,C. Wildlife Resources Commission reviews all U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers nationwide and general `404' permits. We have the option of
requesting additional measures to protect trout and trout habitat and we can
recommend that the project require an individual `404' permit.
8. In streams that contain threatened or endangered species, NCDOT biologist Mr. Tim
Savidge should be notified. Special measures to protect these sensitive species maybe
required. NCDOT should also contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for
information on requirements of the Endangered Species Act as it relates to the project,
9. In streams that are used by anadromous fish, the NCDOT official policy entitled
"Stream Crossing Guidelines for Anadromous Fish Passage (May I2, 1997)" should
be followed.
I0. In areas with significant fisheries for sunfish, seasonal exclusions may also be
recommended.
11. Sedimentation and erosion control measures sufficient to protect aquatic resources
must be implemented prior to any ground disturbing activities. Structures should be
maintained regularly, especially following rainfall events.
12. Temporary or permanent herbaceous vegetation should be planted on all bare soil
within 15 days of ground disturbing activities to provide long-term erosion control.
13. All work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area.
Sandbags, rock berms, cofferdams, or other diversion structures should be used
where possible to prevent excavation in flowing water.
14. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank rather than in stream channels in
order to minimize sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other
pollutants into streams.
15. Only clean, sediment-free rock should be used as temporary fill (causeways), and
should be removed without excessive disturbance of the natural stream bottom when
construction is completed.
16. During subsurface investigations, equipment should be inspected daily and
maintained to prevent contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants,
hydraulic fluids, or other toxic materials.
If corrugated metal pipe arches, reinforced concrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are
used:

Bridge Nlemo
May ?5, ?000
The culvert must be designed to allow for fish passage. Generally, this means that the
culvert or pipe invert is buried at least 1 foot below the natural stream bed. If
multiple cells are required the second and/or third cells should be placed so that their
bottoms are at stream banlcful stage (similar to Lyonsfield design). This could be
accomplished by constructing a low sill on the upstream end of the other cells that
will divert low flows to another cell. This will allow sufficient water depth in the
culvert or pipe during normal flows to accommodate fish movements. If culverts are
long, notched baffles should be placed in reinforced concrete box culverts at 15 foot
intervals to allow for the collection of sediments in the culvert, to reduce flow
velocities, and to provide resting places for fish and other aquatic organisms moving
through the structure.
2. If multiple pipes or cells are used, at least one pipe or box should be designed to
remain dry during normal flows to allow for v~nldlife passage.
3. Culverts or pipes should be situated so that no channel realignment or widening is
required. Widening of the stream channel at the inlet or outlet of structures usually
causes a decrease in water velocity causing sediment deposition that will require future
maintenance.
4. R,iprap should not be placed on the stream bed.
In most cases, we prefer the replacement of the existing structure at the same location
with road closure. If road closure is not feasible, a temporary detour should be designed and
located to avoid wetland impacts, minimize the need for clearing and to avoid destabilizing
stream banks. If the structure will be on a new alignment, the old structure should be removed
and the approach fills removed from the 100-year floodplain. Approach fills should be removed
down to the natural ground elevation. The area should be stabilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. If the area that is reclaimed was previously wetlands, NCDOT should restore
the azea to wetlands. If successful, the site maybe used as wetland mitigation for the subject
project or other projects in the watershed.
Project specific comments:
1. B-33.10 -Buncombe County -Bridge No. 145 over Dillingham Creek. Dillingham Creek is
Designated Public Mountain Trout Water and is classified as Hatchery Supported. There is
also a high probability of wild trout in this location due to the close proximity of tributaries
that contain wild trout. No in-water work should be performed between November 1 and
April 15 to protect trout egg and fry stages from sedimentation.
2. B-3419 -Burke County -Bridge No. 46 over the Catawba River. Bridge No. 46 crosses the
Catawba River in the Lake James tailwater and is Designated Public Mountain Trout Water
and is classified as Hatchery Supported. The river at this location is stocked with catchable
trout from March 1 through July 31 annually and supports wild brown and brook trout.
Efforts should be made to minimize in-wafer disturbance during the stocking season from
March 1 through July 31. No in-water work should be performed between November 1 and
April 15 to protect trout egg and fry stages from sedimentation. In addition to trout, there are
spring runs of striped bass, v-lip redhorse, yellow perch and walleye from Lake Rhodhiss that
travel up to this location attempting to spawn. There also are records of a rare mussel, the
brook floater (Alasmidonta vuricosa), in this section of the river. NCDOT should perform
any necessary surveys to determine the status of this species.

Bridge Memo 4 May 25, ?000
B-3343 -Haywood County -Bridge No. 43 over Hemphill Creek. Hemphill Creek is
Designated Public Mountain Trout Water and is classified as Hatchery Supported. The
headwaters of Hemphill Creek border the Great Smoky Mountains National Pazk; thus the
occurrence of wild trout and in particular brook trout is very likely. No in-water work shauld
be performed bet~,veenNovember 1 and April 15 to protect trout egg and firy stages from
sedimentation.
We request that NCDOT routinely minimize adverse impacts to fish and wildlife
resources in the vicinity of bridge replacements. The NCDOT should install arid maintain
sedimentation control measures throughout the life of the project and prevent wet concrete from
contacting water in or entering into these streams.. Replacement of bridges with spanning
structures of some type, as opposed to pipe or box culverts, is recommended in most cases.
Spanning structures allow wildlife passage along streambanks, reducing habitat fragmentation
and vehicle related mortality at highway crossings.
If you need further assistance or information on NCWRC concerns regarding bridge
replacements, please contact me at (919) X28-9886. Thank you for the opportunity to review and
comment on these projects.

North Carolin.aWildlifeResources Commission ~
Charles R Full~vood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM •
TO: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch, NCDOT
FROM: Mazk S. Davis, Mountain Region Coordinator ~,i~ . ~y~~`~
Habitat Conservation Program %~
DATE: May 8, 2000
SUBJECT: Comments on Group XX Bridge Replacement Projects in Buncombe, Burke, and
Haywood Counties, North Cazolina.
This memorandum responds to your request for our concerns regarding impacts on fish and
wildlife resources resulting from the subject projects. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
(NCWRC) has reviewed the proposed projects, and our comments are provided in accordance with
provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C, 4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife
Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d).
The proposed work involves 3 bridge replacemenddemolitiori projects in western North Carolina
(listed below). Construction impacts on wildlife and fisheries resources will depend on the extent of
disturbance in the streambed and surrounding floodplain areas. We prefer bridge designs that do not alter
the natural stream morphology or impede fish passage, Bridge designs should also include provisions for
the deck drainage to flaw through ~a vegetated upland 'Duffer prior to reaching the subject surface waters.
Demolition plans for the. existing bridge structures should be addressed in the environmental documents
prepared for these projects, as well as any proposed causeways, temporary access roads or detours. We ,
are also concerned about impacts to Designated Public Mountain Trout Waters (DPMTW) and
environmental documentation for these projects should include a description of any streams or wetlands on
the project site and surveys for any threatened or endangered species that may be affected by construction.
B-3310 -Buncombe County, Bridge No. 145 on SR 2173 over Dillingham Creels
Dillingham Creek is managed by the NCWRC as Hatchery Supported trout water and also
supports wild trout populations in the project aria. We recommend that the existing bridge be
replaced with another spanning structure. We recommend that instream work be prohibited during
the trout spawning period of November 1 through April 1~ to protect the egg and fry stages from
off-site sedimentation.
tVlailing Address: Divi~inn of Inland Fishericti • 1731 [ail Service Cenccc • Kaleitih, NC 276~)~1-] 721
Tclevhonc: (`>l~)I 733-iF,;; r•.-r Tai ~.,,.• rgiq~ ~is_~r_s:

d
Group 7~Y Bridges Page Z
. iVlay 8, 2000
B-3419 -Burke County, Bridge No. 46 on SR 1223 over Catawba River
The Catawba River is managed by the NCWRC as Hatchery Supported trout water in the project
area. The river also supports a small spawning run of striped bass moving out of Lake Rhodhiss in
. the spring. We recommend that the existing bridge be replaced with another spanning structure.
B-3343 -Haywood County, Bridge No. 48 on SR 1318 over Hemphill Creek
Hemphill Creek is managed by the NCWRC as Hatchery Supported trout water and also su
wild trout populations in the project area. We recommend that the existing n a pp°rts
b 'die be replaced with
another spanning structure. We recommend that instream work be prohibited during the trout
spawning period of November 1 through April 15 to.protect the egg and fry stages from off-site
sedimentation.
Because the Corps of Engineers (COE) recognizes all of the above counties as "trout water
counties", the NCWRC will review any nationwide or general 404 permits for the proposed projects. The
followvng conditions are. likely to be placed on the subject 404 permits;
l . Adequate sedimentation and erosion control measures must be implemented prior to any
ground disturbing activities to min;m;Te impacts to downstream aquatic resources. Structures
should be inspected and maintained regularly, especially following rainfall events.
2. Temporary yr perzttanent herbaceous vegetation should be planted on all bare soil within IS
days of ground disturbing activities to provide long-teim erosion control.
3. All work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area. Sandbags,
rock berms, cofferdams, or other diversion structures should be used where possible to prevent
excavation in flowing water.
4. If concrete is used during construction, a dry work area must be maintained to prevent direct
contact between curing concrete and stream water. Uncured concrete affects water quality and
is highly toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms.
~. Grading and backfilling should be minimiTed, and tree and shrub growth.should be retained if
possible to ensure long term availability o£ shoreline cover for gamefish and wildlife.
6. In trout waters, instream construction is prohibited during the trout spawning period of
November 1 to April 15 to avoid impacts on trout reproduction.
7. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank rather than in stream channels in order to
min;mire sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutants into streams.
8. Ifmulti-celled reinforced concrete box culverts are utilized, they should be designed so that all
water flows through a single cell (or two if necessary) during low flow conditions. This could
be accomplished by constructing a low sill on the upstream end of the other cells that will
divert low flows to another cell. This will facilitate fish passage at low flows.
9, Notched baffles should be placed in reinforced concrete box culverts at 1~ foot intervals to
allow for the collection of sediments in the culvert, reduce flow velocities, and to provide
resting places for fish moving through the structure,

Group XX Bridges Page 3

May 8, 2000
10. Only clean, sediment-free rock should be used as temporary fll (causeways), and should be
removed without excessive disturbance of the natural stream bottom when construction i$
completed.
11. During subsurface investigations, equipment should be inspected daily and maintained to
prevent contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or
other toxic materials.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment during
you have any questions regazding these comments, please contact me at~(828) 4 2-2546 ~ese projects. I£
cc; Mr. Steve Lund, NCDOT Coordinator, COE, Asheville
Ms. Stacy Harris, P.E., PD & EA Branch, NCDOT, Raleigh
Mr. Ron Linville, Western Piedmont Region Coordinator, NCWRC, Kemersville

3~ ~ Y `yl
,`~,~
~~
Public Schools. of North Carolina
State Board of Education
Phillip J. Kirk, Jr., Chairman
http://www dpi.state.nc.us
Department of Public Instruction.
blichaeJ~E.;~:~d., State Superintendent
May 16, 2000
ME OR.A1yD~[TM
TO: William Gilmore, NC Department of Transportation
FROM: Gerald H. Knott, Section Chief, School Planning ..~-~-~~----'
SUBJECT: ~ Requests for Comments for Bridge Group XX Bridge Replacement Projects
Enclosed is the response from Buncombe County Schools to our impact inquiry.
/ed
Enclosure
3Ql N.Wilminbton Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27GOI-2825
An Equal Upportuniry/A.ffirmacivt Acrion Emplu}'cr

3~~ ~'`-f
Buuco~be Couv~~y .Public ScL~ools
Transportation Department
74 Washington Avenue ~~
Asheville, North Carolina 23304 ~ ~~ ~~ ~.`~ ~ ;j 7 r ''
Phone: [phone] -Fax: (323) 2~2-36 ~1„', ``--~---~~ ! ~~ i
•• ~~~~
. ~. _ -~~
May 11.2000 ~ ~ ~s ~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .--- ~~ '
-; ,_
... ,' :t, /'~y
~~ '~~t~
1 \ fry ~~ ...~
Mr. Gerald H. Knott, AIA
Sectioa Chief, School Planning
North Carolina Department of Public Instruction
301 North Wilmington Street
Raleigh, NC 27601
RE: Proposed Replacement o£Bridge Number 145
on 5R 2173 over Dillingham Creek
Dear Mr. Knott:
_._. `~ u v LS
~F9~ 1 ~ ,':~ /
EARTH TECH /RALEIGH
I am writing in response to your letter to our school system regazding the proposed replacement
of bridge number 145 on SR 2173 over Dillingham Creek. In your letter, you asked our school
system to review the proposal, and to indicate if the project will have any impact on a proposed or
existing school site or school bus route.
A member of my staff contacted Mr. Eddie McFalls; P.E., EarthTech, Inc. on May 5, 2000.
regarding this project. It is our understanding after tallcuzg with Mr. McFalls that a new bridge
will be built and traffic routed onto it before the old one is torn down. If this process is followed.
I do not foresee this project causing an adverse impact to a proposed or existing school site or
school bus route.
Thank you for your assistance in transferring this information to the North Carolina Department
of Transportation. If you need additional information, please contact me at the address or
telephone number listed above.
Sincerely,
' y~/ .
^`~ ~ ~ r.
Haro Id F. Laflin
Director of Transportation
pc: Dr. Stephen L. Page
VL. ivlarshaLi Roberts

3-3~f°
ANA'
Tennessee Valley Authority, -~00 b":last Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee
June ~, Z000
Mr, William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North. Carolina 27611-5201
Deaz Mx. Gilmore:
_{
~••"
~U~1 S ~~~~~ ~
,~ f_~~
GROUP XX BRIDGE REPLACEMENT PROJECTS, FRENCH BROAD RIVER WATERSHED,
BUNCOMBE AND HAYWOOD COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA
TVA has reviewed the April 18, 2000 request for comments on the following proposed bridge replacements
in western North Carolina:
• B-3310, SR 2173 over Dillingham Creek, Buncombe County
• B-3343, SR 1318 over Hemphill Creek, Haywood County
The categorical exclusion document prepared for these projects should note that approvals under
Section 26a of the TVA Act would be required for the bridge replacements. At this time, we are not aware
of any environmental concerns present at the bridge replacement sites.
When Section 26a applications are filed, TVA may wish to review the categorical exclusion documents
during its environmental review of the same actions. Therefore, the inclusion of informatioa related to
wetlands and potential mitigation, Floodp[ain Management Executive Order, National Historic Preservation
Act compliance, and Endangered Species Act compliance would lower TVA's review costs and greatly
facilitate TVA's eventual approval of the projects. Other issues to be discussed would vary according to
.project location and impacts but may include, as appropriate, state-listed species (biodiversity impacts) and
visual impacts.
Please invite TVA to any interagency meetings, if any are found to be necessary. Please send a copy of the
completed environmental documents to TVA.
Should you have any questions, please contact Harold M. Draper at [phone] or [e-mail].
S' erely,
Jon M. ey, Man er
NEPA Administration
Environmental Policy and Planning

~ 1 ~ ' ~ r' ~
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' II_~. ~ RELOCATION 'REPORT ~~
North Carolina Department of Transportation
AREA RELOCATION OFFICE
E.I.S. ~ CORRIDOR ~ DESIGN
'ROJECT: 8.2843601 couNTY: Buncombe Alternate 1 of 3* Alternate
.D. NO.: B-3310 F.A. PROJECT BRZ-2173 1 THERE ARE NO RELOCATEES ON ALTERNATE 2
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT:
re, in , Q ~/~ ;. ~~tit
:~~jt~~dW~~ AF~~~~~~~5lY~'~s Replacement of Bridge No. 145 on SR 2173 over Dillingham Creek
.ESTIMATED DISPLACEES _ INCOME LEVEL ~ .
Type of
Displacees
Owners
Tenants Total
.Minorities
0-15M
15-25M
25-35M
35-50M
50 UP
Residential 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
Businesses 0 0 0 0 > VALUE OF DWELCiNG ; :~ ~ ~.: ,:`:~DSS"DWELLING AVAILABCE:'..~~~:
Farms 0 0 0 0 Owners Tenants For S ale For R ent
Non-Profit 0 0 0 '0 0-20M Q ~ 0-150 Q 0-20M p S 0-150 p
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS 20-40M () 150-250 Q 20-40M 2 150-250 1
Yes No Explain all "YES" answers. 4o-TOM 1 250-400 0 4o-TOM 4 250-400 g
X 1. Will special relocation services be necessary? To-1ooM 0 4oo-soo 0 7o-1ooM 2 400-soo p
X 2. Will schools or churches be affect by 10o uP 0 soo uP p 100 uP 2 soo uP p
„-
displacement?
TOTAL
1
0
~ ~~ ~' '~
s' yL
)( 3. Will business services still be available after
' REMARKS. Res orid~ b tv
umber `':' `: "'° '' ~.
project? 3. There are no business structures within the proposed
X 4. Will. any business be displaced? If so, acquisition.
indicate size, type, estimated number of
employees, minorities, etc.
6. Century 21 Northland Properties, Hwy 25-70,, Weaverville
X 5. Will relocation cause a housing shortage? Homes and Land of Buncombe County
6. Source for available housing (list). Local newspaper and Real Estate Weekly
~( 7. Will additional housing programs be needed?
~( 8. Should Last Resort Housing be considered? 8. As necessary in accordance with State law.
•
X 9. Are there large, disabled, elderly, etc.
families? 12. According to Buncombe County Housing Authority,
X 10. Will public housing be needed for project? housing will be available during relocation period.
X 11. Is public housing available?
X 12. Is it felt there will be adequate DSS housing 14. There are no displaced businesses on this project.
housing available during relocation period?
X 13. Will there be a problem of housing within M.ANA.GE1=; CAF'
"
financial means? ' ~Ir;NT CAF UV,~Y c;,}.A;~~l~
'
X 14. Are suitable business sites available (list
source). ~~N ~ a ~QQ~
15. Number months estimated to complete
Ui- I i~ki'
SN
PT
RELOCATION? 12 MONTHS ~";='=:~'' ~
.
QR~~r /
~ G. DE
~
-
(U' ~'OL-
( 11--

~
' June 11, 2002 'h,d , s5
~i'. ~'
v ~O' t' ~-'Q
, _
Janice Rogers Date
Right of W a A en ~'~a"F~~'. •:~
~.-# Ms
u~''t :~ :~%3i ro d by Date
Fjfm 15.4 Revised 02!95 d Ofiginal & 1 Gopy: Kelocaaon ~oorainator
f/I 2 Copy Area Right of Way Office

`c. N.i
.• RELOCATION REPORT uUN 1~2Qii?
North Carolina D e t .Qf Tr ~~11ortation
'`'•~• ~~A~EA RELOCAtJ~011=~CE
~X E.I.S. ~ CORRIDOR ~ DESIGN
PROJECT: 8.2843601 couNTY: Buncombe Alternate 3 of 3* Alternate
I.D. NO.: B-3310 F.A. PROJECT BRZ-2173(1 THERE ARE NO RELOCATEES ON ALTERNATE 2
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT:
,~~,~~~L~,~N~;pp ~ ~ • Replacement of Bridge No. 145 on SR 2173 over Dillingham Creek
ESTIMATED DI$PLACEES . INCOME LEVEL .
Type of
Displacees
Owners
Tenants
Total
Minorities
0-15M
15-25M
25-35M
35-50M
50 UP
Residential 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0
Businesses 0 0 0 0 '.VALUE'OF DWELLING `' ~ :DSS DWELLING'gVAILABLE •
Farms 0 0 0 0 Owners Tenants For S ale For R ent
Non-Profit 0 0 0 •0 0-20M 0 S 0-150 Q 0-20M Q a 0-150 Q
• `'' ANSWER ACC QUEST IONS ~ 20-40M p 150-250 Q 20-40M 2 150-250 1
Yes No Explain all "YES" answers. 40-70M 1 250-400 1 40-70M 4 250-400 3
X 1. Will special relocation services be necessary? ~o-loons 0 4oo-sao 0 7o-1ooM 2 400-60o p
X 2. WIII schools or churches be affect by 10o uP p 60o uP 0 10o uP 2 600 uP p
displacement? TOTAL 1 ' ~;, F~ ^ 1 , }` ~; ~a'~,:'; 10 "~~' ~ ~'~~~;~ 4
)( 3. Will business services still be available after REMARKS" Res and b'~''lu umber
project? 3. There are no business structures within the proposed
X 4. Will any business be displaced? If so, acquisition. '
indicate size, type, estimated number of
employees, minorities, etc.
6. Century 21 Northland Properties, Hwy 25-70, Weaverville
X 5. Will relocation cause a housing shortage? Homes and Land of Buncombe County
6. Source for available housing (list). Local newspaper and Real Estafe Weekly
X 7. Will additional housing programs be needed?
X 8. Should Last Resort Housing be considered? 8. As necessary in accordance with State law.
X 9_ Are there large, disabled, elderly, etc.
families? 12. According to Buncombe County Housing Authority,
X 10. Will public housing be needed for project? housing will be available during relocation period.
X 11. Is public housing available?
X 12. Is it felt there will be adequate DSS housing 14. There are no displaced businesses on this project.
housing available during relocation period?
X 13. Will there be a problem of housing within
financial means? • Note: There appears to be underground tanks involved
X 14. Are suitable business sites available (list with this alternate. The one-story block structure
source). is an old service station which has been partially
15. Number months estimated to complete converted to a tenent dwg.
RELOCATION? 12 MONTHS ;~4~~<

I

~. ~ June 11, 2002 ~~u~~~ ~'~~;
j.'4'.~.,~•~:6'ri.
,~'"~~~{; ~ • ~
~~

~.~- ~ ^ /~'-~ ~-

Janice Rogers Date
Ri ht of W a A ent • r ~ ~'
~~'~ ,..,;
~~'~ ;~. ~ .'~:•~~~i' ved b Date
Y
/FO~fT1 15.4 F'Z2VISBtl UL95 tl v!!yn la! a ! vuNy, i ~cw~.auui ~ vvv~ uu ~oiv~
Il / 2 Copy Area Right of Way Office

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Project I~iame ~ ' 3 ~ ~ y Nearest Road S ~. Z (~ 3
County ~ ~GO''''~ ~ ~ Wet[and Area acres Wetland Width ~~ feet
Name of evaluator ~a_~s- ~ /4-~i-r o~ Date S Z 3 OZ
Wetland Location
on pond or lake
X on perennial stream
on intermittent stream
witlun interstream divide
other
Soil series ToXa waM,
predominantly organic -humus, muck,
or peat
k predominantly mineral -non-sandy
predominantly sandy
Plydraulic factors
steep topography
ditched or channelized
X total wetland width z I00 feet
Adjacent land use
(within I/2 mile upstream, upslope, or radius)
/ forested/natural vegetation ~~
~[ agriculture, urban/suburban '~~
impervious surface
Dominant vegetation
(1) CG-~ ~ i Vu.t S Cc~ry ~ wi a•~ a-
(2) 1 ~,,~ d~a ~ zvi ~
Flooding and wetcxess
sen-upermanently to permanently
flooded or inundated
seasonally flooded or inundated .
intermittanly flooded or temporary
surface water
no evidence of flooding or surface water
Wetland Type (select one)*
Bottomland hardwood forest Pine savanna
Headwater forest Freshwater marsh -
Swamp forest Bog/fen
Wet flat Ephemeral wetland
Pocosin ~
Bog forest ~ Carolina Bs~-~ c~ ~
/ Other ,__
-__ *the rating system cannot be applied to_salt or brackish marshes or stream channels
~. weight
fZ Water storage
Z x 4.00 =
~~~;:
}~f=:~Y~~~~

.~
Bank/Shoreline stabilization
x 4.00 = '~ r''~ yr•`•2:
~-~#<<'-vs»~
T Pollutant removal * x 5.00 = ''~~~~~~<~-'~~'
I
Wildlife habitat
~
x 2.00 = :~>:~ ..
~`~~~-'

N
Aquatic life value
2
x 4.00 = :>~~~~~:. fug
"~"~"~>>~<>:
G Recreation/Education 2- x I.00 =
..,, ..
'~~'~'{'~`
Wetland
Rating
*Add I point iFin sensitive watershed and >l0% nonpoint disturbance witlun I/2 mile upstream,
u~slo~e_ or radius