20040126 Ver 1_Complete File_20040203

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPAR1WNT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
LYNDo TIPPETT
SECRETARY
February 27, 2003
WETLANDS 1401 C;FI()UP
US Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Branch
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Raleigh, NC 27615
ATTENTION: Mr. John Thomas
NCDOT Coordinator
FEB 2 4 2004
WATER QUALITY SECTION
Subject: Nationwide 23 and 33 Permit Modification Application for the
Replacement of Bridge No. 28 over Big Horse Creek on SR 1358,
Ashe County. Federal Aid Project No. No. BRZ-1358(2), State
Project No. 8.2711702, TIP Project No. B-4014.
Dear Mr. Thomas:
On January 16, 2004 the NCDOT applied for a NW 23 and 33 for the above referenced
project. The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to modify
the construction plans for the subject project. The purpose of this letter is to request a
modification to the original permit. The revised sheets of the original permit drawings
are attached.
Temporary jurisdictional impacts to Big Horse Creek have increased from 63 feet of
channel impacts or 0.01 acres of fill to 74 feet or 0.03 acres of fill. The increased impact
results from the use of three 42" corrugated steel pipes and a rock causeway. Class II Rip
Rap will be used for the construction of the rock causeway. The temporary rock
causeway will be required due to the steep topography and limited area for staging
equipment on the north side of Big Horse Creek.
Restoration Plan: No permanent fill will result from the subject activity. The materials
used as temporary fill in the construction of the causeways will be removed. The
temporary fill areas will be graded back to the original contours. Elevations and contours
in the vicinity of the proposed causeways are available from the field survey notes.
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE: WWW.NCDOT.ORG RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
Schedule for Restoration of Temporary Fill Areas: It is assumed that the Contractor will
begin construction of the proposed causeway shortly after the date of availability for the
project. The Let date is April 20, 2004 with a date of availability of May 30, 2004.
Removal and Disposal: The causeways will be removed within 90 days after it is no
longer needed. The temporary rock causeways will be removed by the Contractor using
excavating equipment. All materials placed in the stream by the Contractor will be
removed. The Class II riprap that is removed will be used as permanent rip rap around
end bent 1. All other materials removed by the Contractor will be disposed of at an off
site upland location.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Brett Feulner at
[phone].
Sincerely,
Gregory . Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
w/ attachment
Mr. John Hennessy, NC Division of Water Quality
Ms. Marella Buncick, USFWS
Ms. Marla Chambers, NCWRC
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Omar Sultan, Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, PE, Highway Design
Mr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. Carl McCann, P.E., Division 11
Mr. Heath Slaughter, Division Environmental Officer
Ms. Stacey Baldwin, P.E., Project Planning Engineer
Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmigton
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STAYt
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL. F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
US Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615
ATTENTION: Mr. John Thomas
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
Subject: Nationwide 23 and 33 Permit Application for the Replacement of Bridge
No. 281 over Big Hose Creek on SR 1358, Ashe County. Federal Aid Project
No. BRZ-1358(2), State Project No. 8.2711702, TIP Project No. B-4014.
Please find enclosed three copies of the project planning report for the above referenced
project. The document states that Bridge No. 281 will be replaced with a new 60-foot
long bridge with lane widths of 14.5 feet, 275 feet downstream of the existing structure.
The realigned road will join existing SR 1358 (Bear Wallow Road). Traffic will be
maintained on the existing bridge during construction.
There are no wetland impacts associated with this project. The only surface water
impacted by this project is Big Horse Creek. Anticipated impacts to Big Horse Creek are
temporary and consist of 63 feet of channel impacts or 0.01 ac of fill. Big Horse Creek is
located in the New River Basin and is classified by the Division of Water Quality as
Class C Tr. NCDOT's Hi Quality Waters Standards will be enforced throughout
project construction. _
January 16, 2004
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0401 26
LYNDO TIPPETT
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Demolition: Bridge No. 281 is composed of a timber floor on steel I-beams (low water
type). The superstructure consists of reinforced concrete abutments with no interior bents.
There is one reinforced concrete abutment immediately adjacent to the water. The
maximum potential temporary fill is 12.6 cubic yards. This project is classified as Case
2, which requires no in stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot wide buffer
zone between October 15 through March 31. The old bridge site will be replanted with
woody vegetation following the removal of the old bridge. A planting plan has been
included with this application for your convenience.
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW AICDOT.ORG
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC
Temporary Causeways
There will be 0.01 acres of temporary impacts from the construction of a temporary rock
causeways in 63 linear feet of Big Horse Creek (see permit drawing Sheets 4 and 5 of 6).
A temporary rock causeway will be required to provide access to the site by the
construction equipment on the northern side of the creek. The causeways will consist of
plain Class II rip rap.
Restoration Plan: No permanent fill will result from the subject activity. The materials
used as temporary fill in the construction of the causeways will be removed. The
temporary fill areas will be graded back to the original contours. Elevations and contours
in the vicinity of the proposed causeways are available from the field survey notes. No
planting will be conducted because the area will be covered be the new bridge.
Schedule for Restoration of Temporary Fill Areas: It is assumed that the Contractor will
begin construction of the proposed causeway shortly after the date of availability for the
project. The Let date is April 20, 2004 with a date of availability of May 30, 2004.
A 1•
Removal and Disposal: The causeways will be removed within 90 days after it is no
longer needed. The temporary rock causeways will be removed by the Contractor using
excavating equipment. All materials placed in the stream by the Contractor will be
removed. The Class II riprap that is removed will be used as permanent rip rap around
end bent 1. All other materials removed by the Contractor will be disposed of at an off
site upland location.
FEDERALLY-PROTECTED SPECIES
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered, Threatened, Proposed
Endangered, and Proposed Threatened are protected under provisions of Section 7 and
Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of February 5, 2003
the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) lists seven federally protected species for Ashe
County (Table 1).
Biological conclusions of "No Effect" were reached for all applicable species as reflected
in the attached CE dated June 2002. Resurveys were conducted on October 8, 2003 to
update previous surveys. In a letter dated December 31, 2003, the Fish and Wildlife
Service concurred that the project will have "No Effect" on any federally protected
species

Table 1. Federally-Protected Species for Ashe County
Federal Habitat Biological
Common Name Scientific Name Status Present Conclusion
Bog Turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A) N NA
Heller's Blazing Star Liatris helleri T N No Effect
Roan Mountain Bluet Houstonia montana (=Hedyotis E N No Effect
purpurea var. montana)
Spreading Avens Geum radiatum T N No Effect
Swamp pink Helonias bullata T N No Effect
Virginia spirea Spiraea virginiana T Y No Effect
Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineare E N No Effect
"E" - denotes Endangered (a species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range)-
"T"- denotes Threatened a species which is likely to become endangered species within the foreseeable future
throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Biological conclusions of "No Effect" were reached for all applicable species as reflected in the attached
CE dated June 2002. Resurveys were conducted on October 8, 2003 to update previous surveys.
Regulatory Approvals
Section 404 Permit: It is anticipated that the construction of the causeways will be
authorized under Section 404 Nationwide Permit 33 (Temporary Construction Access and
Dewatering). We are, therefore, requesting the issuance of a Nationwide Permit 33
authorizing construction of the causeway. All other aspects of this project are being
processed by the Federal Highway Administration as a "Categorical Exclusion" in
accordance with 23 CFR 771.115(b). Therefore, we do not anticipate requesting an
individual permit, but propose to proceed under a Nationwide 23 as authorized by a
Nationwide Permit 23 (FR number 10, pages 2020-2095; January 15, 2002).
Section 401 Permit: We anticipate 401 General Certifications numbers 3403 and 3366
will apply to this project. In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500(a) and 15A NCAC
2B .0200 we are providing two copies of this application to the North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of'Water Quality, for their
records.
We also anticipate that comments from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission (NCWRC) will be required prior to authorization by the Corps of Engineers.
By copy of this letter and attachment, NCDOT hereby requests NCWRC review.
NCDOT requests that NCWRC forward their comments to the Corps of Engineers.
A copy of this pen-nit application will be posted on the DOT website at:
http//www.ncdot.org//planning_/pe/naturalunit/permit.html.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Brett Feulner at
[phone].
Sincerely,
Gregory . Thorpe, Ph.D. Environmental Management Director,
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
w/ attachment:
Mr. John Dorney, NC DWQ (2 copies)
Mr. Omar Sultan, Programming and TIP
Ms. Marla Chambers, NCWRC
Mr. Art McMillan, PE, Highway Design
Ms. Marella Buncick, USFWS
Mr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Carl McCann, P.E., Division Engineer
Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. Heath Slaughter, DEO
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Ms. Stacy Baldwin, Planning Engineer
Mr. Keith Phillips, Roadside Environmental
Office Use Only: 0 4 0 1 2b „ Form Version May 2002
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
? Section 10 Permit ? Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
? 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: NW 23 and 33
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here:
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (verify availability with NCWRP prior to submittal of PCN), complete
section VIII and check here: ?
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ?
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: NCDOT
Mailing Address: Project Development and Environmental Analysis
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27966-1548
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address: gthorpe(a,dot.state.nc.us
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number:
E-mail Address:
Fax Number:
Page 5 of 12
III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: B-4014• Replacement of Bridge 7 on SR 1358 over the Big Horse Creek
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): B-4014
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):
4. Location
County: Ashe Nearest Town: Jefferson
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.):
Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long): UTM 17 451614E 4046438N
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
5. Property size (acres):
6. Nearest body of water (stream/river/sound/ocean/lake): Big Horse Creek
7. River Basin: New River
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
8. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Farmland and pasture.
Page 6 of 12
4
9. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: Plans for
replacing the bridge include replacing the current bridge downstream of the existing bridge.
Equipment used will include regular equipment utilized on bridge replacement protects.
10. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: The purpose is to replace the old bridge that is
functionally obsolete and structurally deficient.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: The proposed project will temporary
place 0.01 acres of fill in Big Horse Creek. The fill will be necessary to construct the new
bridge and will act as a work bridge.
Page 7 of 12
4
2
Individually list wetland impacts below: 0
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Located within
100-year Floodplain**
(yes/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
(linear feet)
Type of Wetland***

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, till,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps are available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at htty://www.fema.pov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.) Indicate if wetland is isolated (determination of isolation to be made by USACE only).
List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: 0
Total area of wetland impact proposed: 0
3. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts below:
Stream Impact
Site Number
indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Impact Perennial or
Intermittent?
(please seci
1 Temporary Fill 63 Big Horse Creek 30 ft Perennial

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated np-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online at
www.usQs.eov. Several internet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www.topozonc.com,
www.inapquest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: 63
4. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
ocean and any other water of the U.S.) below:
Page 8 of 12
A
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres)
Name Wat)
(if applicable) Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
bay, ocean, etc.)

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but arc not limited to: till, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
5. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
The site topography and the proximity of SR 1362 do not allow enough area to set up equipment.
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
Page 9 of 12
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/stnngide.htm1.
Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCWRP at
[phone] to determine availability and to request written approval of mitigation prior
to submittal of a PCN. For additional information regarding the application process for the
NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wip/index.htm. If use of
the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide the
following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
Page 10 of 12
Y
Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state) funds or the use of public
(federal/state) land?
Yes ® No ?
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ® No ?
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ® No ?
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify, )?
Yes ? No ® If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
s uare feet Multiplier Required
Mitigation
1 3
2 1.5
Total
* Zone I extends out 3U teet perpendicular trom near bank of channel; Zone 1 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, Preservation or
Page 11 of 12
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 213.0242 or.0260.
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
N/A
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
N/A
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ? No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes ? No
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction -or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
A licant/Agent's Signature DAte
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 12 of 12

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DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
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NCD®T
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
ASHE COUNTY
PROJECT: 8.2711702 (B-4014)
BRIDGE a28 ON
SR 1358 (LITTLE WINDFALL ROAD)
OVER BIG HORSE CREEK
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Ashe County
SR 1358
Bridge No. 281 over Big Horse Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-1358(2)
State Project 8.2711702
TIP Project No. B-4014
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
US DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
APPROVED:
24C. 10 -Z
DATE William D. Gilm e, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
Branch, NCDOT
d2-
0%Z
TE icholas L. Graf, P.E.
Division Administrator, FHWA

..Y
G.G. H6W0. P.E.
Bridge No. 281 over Big Horse Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-1358(2)
State Project 8.2711702
TIP Project No. B-4014
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
June 2002
A Planning Engineer
Tech
Ashe County
SR 1358
Document Prepared by
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For the North Carolina Department of Transportation
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Stacy Harr', .E.
Project Manager
Consultant Engineering Unit
Ashe County
SR 1358
Bridge No. 281 over Big Horse Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-1358(2)
State Project 8.2711702
TIP Project No. 8-4014
Project Commitments
In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit No. 23 Conditions, the General
Nationwide Permit Conditions, Section 404 Only Conditions, Regional Conditions,
State Consistency Conditions, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices
for Bridge Demolition and Removal, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management
Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, General Certification Conditions, and
Section 401 Conditions of Certification, the following special commitments have
been agreed to by NCDOT:
Division 11
In-stream work and land disturbance within the 254oot wide trout stream buffer zone
will be prohibited during the brown and brook trout spawning season of October 16
through March 31 to protect the egg and fry stages of trout from off-sitel
sedimentation during construction.
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
An additional survey of the project area will be conducted for the spiraea virginiana
(Virginia spiraea) plant within two years prior to construction to confirm no plants
occur and no plants will be effected.
Categorical Exclusion
June 2002
Ashe County
SR 1358
Bridge No. 281 over Big Horse Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-1358(2)
State Project 8.2711702
TIP Project No. B-4014
INTRODUCTION: The replacement of Bridge No. 281
the 2002 - 2008 North Carolina Department
Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) and
Replacement Program. The location is shown in
environmental impacts are anticipated. The projec
"Categorical Exclusion."
1. PURPOSE AND NEED STATEMENT
in Ashe County is included in
of Transportation (NCDOT)
in the Federal Aid Bridge
Figure 1. No substantial
;t is classified as a Federal
Bridge Maintenance Unit records indicate the bridge has a sufficiency rating of 42.7,
out of a possible 100 for a new structure. The bridge is considered functionally
obsolete. The replacement of this inadequate structure will result in safer and more
efficient traffic operations.
If. EXISTING CONDITIONS
SR 1358 (Little Windfall Road) in Ashe County is classified as "Local Route" in the
Statewide Functional Classification System; therefore, it is not a Federal Aid Highway.
Through the project area, SR 1358 (Little Windfall Road) has an 11.3-foot (3.4 m)
wide clear roadway width and a 25-foot (7.5 m) wide right-of-way. SR 1358 is primarily
a one lane facility with pullovers. The bridge is located approximately 125 feet (38.1
m) south of the intersection of SR 1358 (Little Windfall Road) and SR 1362 (Big Horse
Creek Road). Approximately 200 feet (60.9 m) east of the intersection is a 14-degree
curve (124 m radius) on SR 1362. The existing bridge and roadway can be seen in
Figure 2a.
The existing bridge was constructed in 1910 but reconstructed in 1969. The
superstructure consists of a timber floor on I-beams (Low Water Type). The
substructure consists of reinforced concrete abutments. The bridge is 35 feet (10.7
m) long (one span at 34.5 feet [10.5 m]), and has a clear roadway width of 11.3 feet
(3.4 m). The crown of the roadway is approximately 6 feet (1.8 m) over the
streambed of Big Horse Creek; however this height is skewed as a result of the scour
of the streambed that has taken place at the bridge. Presently, the posted weight limit
is 21 tons (18.7 metric tons) for single vehicles and 27 tons (24.1 metric tons) for
trucks with trailers. The bridge crosses the stream at approximately 90 degrees.
Figure 4a includes a photograph of the existing structure.
1
There is no posted speed limit on in the vicinity of Bridge No. 281, therefore the
statutory speed limit of 55 miles per hour (88 kilometers per hour) applies.
The average daily traffic volume on SR 1358 at Bridge No. 281 was 100 vehicles per
day in 1998. By the design year 2025, the average daily traffic volume is expected to
increase to 200 vehicles per day. The projected traffic volume includes two percent
dual-tired vehicles, and one percent truck-tractor semi-trailers.
No school buses cross this bridge daily. SR 1358 is not a designated bicycle route.
One accident was reported within 500 feet (152 m) of Bridge No. 281 in the period
between February 1, 1999 and January 31, 2002. This accident took place west of
the existing bridge and involved one passenger car striking a fixed object.
III. ALTERNATIVES
A. Project Description
The proposed bridge will be approximately 60 feet (18.3 m) in length with a clear
roadway width to accommodate two lanes of traffic. The facility will be designed for a
20 mph (32.2 kph) design speed, requiring a design exception. The bridge design
needs to accommodate turning radii and sight distance at the intersection of SR 1358
and SR 1362. The proposed typical sections for the approach and bridge are shown
in Figure 3. The typical lane width is 14.5 feet (4.5 m) with variable 2-foot (0.9-m)
minimum offsets on the bridge and 9- to 14.5-foot (2.7- to 4.5-m) lane width and 4-foot
(1.2-m) shoulders on approaches.
The proposed structure will provide a greater hydraulic opening than exists (418
square feet compared to the existing 59 square feet [38.8 square meters compared to
5.5 square meters]). The grade will be raised approximately 10 feet (3 m), allowing
the 25-year storm to pass under the proposed bridge, however, the flow from this
event is anticipated to overtop the roadway just upstream of the crossing, resulting in
a split flow. The existing flow, with a berm along the stream bank just upstream of the
existing structure, results in a split flow associated with the 25-year storm. Because
the proposed structure will approximate the existing conditions, it is anticipated that
the proposed project will not result in a substantial encroachment into the floodplain.
B. Build Alternatives
Two build alternatives studied for replacing the existing bridge are described below.
Alternative 1 (preferred) will replace the bridge approximately 230 feet (70.1 m)
downstream (east) of the existing location with a 60-foot (18.3-m) long structure. The
realigned road will join existing SR 1358 (Bear Wallow Road) and intersect SR 1362
(Big Horse Creek Road) 275 feet (83.8 m) from the existing intersection. This
alternative would cross Big Horse Creek with a nearly perpendicular structure,
2
resulting in the shortest bridge. Alternative 1 can be seen in Figure 2a. During
construction of Alternative 1, traffic will be maintained on the existing bridge.
Alternative 2 will provide a 95-foot (29.0 m) replacement bridge approximately 135
feet (41.2 m) downstream (east) of the existing bridge. SR 1358 (Little Windfall Road)
will be realigned to intersect with SR 1362 (Big Horse Creek Road) approximately 170
feet (51.8 m) west of the intersection of SR 1358 (Bear Wallow Road) and SR 1362.
This alternative would cross Big Horse Creek at a skew, requiring a longer bridge
length in comparison with a perpendicular crossing. Alternative 2 can be seen in
Figure 2b. During the construction of Alternative 2, traffic would be maintained on
the existing bridge; the presence of steep topography along the north side of
SR 1362 at the intersection point would make maintaining traffic on SR 1362 difficult.
C. Alternatives Eliminated From Further Study
Constructing a new bridge either immediately upstream (west) or downstream (east)
of the existing structure while maintaining traffic on the existing bridge was
considered, as was replacing the bridge at its current location while using a temporary
on-site detour. However, due to the difference in the grades of the existing and
proposed bridges, maintenance of traffic to properties adjacent to the bridge would be
difficult.
The home northwest of the bridge and Foster Memorial Presbyterian Church are
currently served by a soil road, which intersects SR 1358 (Little Windfall Road) just
north of the existing bridge. Replacing the bridge in its existing location would require
that the grade be raised, making it impossible to maintain access to the soil road.
Therefore, these alternatives were eliminated from consideration.
Replacing the bridge while maintaining traffic on an off-site detour was eliminated
from consideration. Although SR 1358 eventually ties into other roads, the distance
and condition of these roads precludes using them as an off-site detour.
Both rehabilitation of the existing structure and the "no build" alternative were
considered early in the project study but were eliminated from further study. Because
of the bridge's poor condition, rehabilitating the existing structure is not feasible. The
"no build" alternative would eventually necessitate closure of the bridge and would
thereby eliminate the traffic service provided by SR 1358 (Little Windfall Road) in the
project area.
D. Preferred Alternative
Alternative 1, replacing the bridge 230 feet (70.1 m) east (downstream) of the
existing bridge, is the preferred alternative. The realigned road would intersect
SR 1362 (Big Horse Creek Road) across from SR 1358 (Bear Wallow Road). The
alternative follows a berm that has been constructed along the bank of Big Horse
3
Creek. Traff ic will be maintained on the existing bridge during construction.
Alternative 1 is shown on Figure 2a.
Alternative 1 was selected because the location of the existing intersection of
SR 1358 (Bear Wallow Road) and SR 1362 (Big Horse Creek Road) provides a
logical location to tie in realigned SR 1358 (Little Windfall Road). In addition, the
presence of this existing road and intersection provides clearance for traffic to be
maintained on SR 1362 during project construction.
This alternative will require a design exception for a design speed of 20 mph
(32.2 kph).
IV. ESTIMATED COSTS
Construction and right-of-way cost estimates for the alternatives studied are
presented below in Table 1.
Table 1. Estimated Costs
Alternative 1
Preferred Alternative 2
Structure Removal $ 3,360 $ 3,360
Structure $ 189,000 $ 192,000
Roadway Approaches $89,450. $ 71,940
Miscellaneous and Mobilization $ 132,000 $ 125,000
Engineering and Contingencies $ 61,190 $ 57,700
Right-of-Way/Utilities $ 61,825 $76,850
Relocations 0 0
Total Cost of Alternative $ 536,825 $526,850
The estimated cost of the preferred alternative, based on current prices, is $ 536,825
including $ 61,825 for right of way, relocation, and utilities, and $ 475,000 for
construction. The estimated cost of the project, as shown in the 2002-2008
Transportation Improvement Program, is $ 370,000 including $ 70,000 for right of way
and $ 300,000 for construction.
V. NATURAL RESOURCES
An evaluation of natural resources in the immediate area of potential project impact
was performed. The evaluation included: 1) an assessment of biological features in
the vicinity of the existing roadway including descriptions of vegetation, wildlife,
protected species, wetlands, and water quality issues; 2) an evaluation of probable
impacts resulting from construction; and 3) a preliminary determination of permit
4
needs and conceptual mitigation options. The information included in this report was
taken from the Natural Resources Technical Report.
A. Methodology
Published information and resources were collected prior to the field investigation.
Information sources used to prepare this report include the following:
• U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangle map (Park, 1978)
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) Map
(Park, 1959)
• NCDOT aerial photograph of project area (1:1200)
• Soil Survey of Ashe County (Natural Resources Conservation Service [NRCS],
1985)
• N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) basin-wide
assessment information (NCDENR, 1999)
• USFWS list of protected and candidate species
• N.C. Natural Heritage Program (NHP) files of rare species and unique habitats
Water resource information was obtained from publications posted on the World Wide
Web by NCDENR Division of Water Quality (DWQ). Information concerning the
occurrence of Federally protected species in the study area was obtained from the
USFWS list of protected and candidate species (February, 2001), posted on the
World Wide Web by the Ecological Services branch of the USFWS in North Carolina.
Information about species under State protection was obtained from the NHP
database of rare species and unique habitats. NHP files were reviewed for
documented sightings of species on State or Federal lists and locations of significant
natural areas.
A general field survey was conducted along the proposed project route by Earth Tech
biologists on October 14, 1999. Water resources were identified and their physical
characteristics were recorded. For the purposes of this study, a brief habitat
assessment was performed within the project area of Big Horse Creek. Plant
communities and their associated wildlife were identified using a variety of observation
techniques, including active searching, visual observations, and identifying
characteristic signs of wildlife (sounds, tracks, scats, and burrows). Terrestrial
community classifications generally follow Schafale and Weakley (1990), where
appropriate, and plant taxonomy follows Radford et al. (1968). Vertebrate taxonomy
follows Potter et al. (1980), Martof et al. (1980), and Webster et a/. (1985). Vegetative
communities were mapped using aerial photography of the project site. Predictions
regarding wildlife community composition involved general qualitative habitat
assessment based on existing vegetative communities.
Jurisdictional wetlands, if present, were delineated and evaluated based on criteria
established in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual
(USACE, 1987). Wetlands were classified based on Cowardin et al. (1979).
5
B. Physiography and Soils
The project area lies in the western portion of North Carolina within the Blue Ridge
physiographic province. Elevations in the project area are approximately 2800 feet
(853.4 m) (National Geodetic Vertical Datum, 1929). The topography of the project
vicinity is mountainous, with steep slopes rising from a narrow floodplain.
The proposed project is in a rural area in Ashe County approximately 5.5 miles (8.8
km) north of Lansing, NC. Ashe County's major economic resources are beef and
dairy cattle, along with forest products, hay, tobacco, com, and truck crops. The
population of Ashe County in July 1998 was estimated at 23,698 (North Carolina
Office of State Planning, 1999).
The following information about soils in the project area was taken from the Soil
Survey of Ashe County (NRCS, 1985). Colvard fine sandy loam is mapped along the
banks and floodplain of Big Horse Creek within the project area. The seasonal high
water table for this type is 4 to 6 feet (1.2 to 1.8 m) deep. Colvard soils are nearly
level, well-drained soils that are occasionally flooded for brief periods. This soil is not
on the list of hydric soils for North Carolina, but may have inclusions of the hydric
Toxaway soil in small depressions.
Site index is a measure of soil quality and productivity. The index is the average
height, in feet, that dominant and co-dominant trees of a given species attain in a
specified number of years (typically 50). The site index applies to fully-stocked, even-
aged, unmanaged stands. Colvard soils have a site index of 102 for yellow poplar
(Liriodendron tulipifera) and 96 for Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus).
C. Water Resources
This section contains information concerning water resources likely to be impacted by
the proposed project. Water resource assessments include the physical
characteristics likely to be impacted by the proposed project (determined by field
survey), best usage classifications, and water quality aspects of the water resources.
Probable impacts to surface waters are also discussed, as well as means to minimize
impacts.
1. Waters Impacted
The project is located in the upper New River basin (NEW02 sub-basin, Hydrologic
Unit Code 05050001). One surface water resource, Big Horse Creek, will be directly
impacted by the proposed project. Big Horse Creek originates about 11 miles (17.7
km) northwest of the project area, near the North Carolina-Tennessee border. From
the project area, the creek flows southeast about 8.5 miles (13.7 km) to its confluence
with the North Fork New River.
6
2. Water Resource Characteristics
Big Horse Creek is approximately 40 feet (12.2 m) wide upstream of existing Bridge
No. 281, narrowing to about 20 feet (6.1 m) downstream. The stream flows east in a
straight run in the project area, with widely spaced riffles. The channel splits around a
small vegetated island just downstream of the bridge, then takes a sharp turn south
about 300 feet (91.4 m) downstream of the island and runs parallel to SR 1362 (Big
Horse Creek Road). The substrate of Big Horse Creek at this point consists of about
95 percent cobbles and about five percent gravel and sand. Stream flow on the day
of the site visit was moderately rapid. The water was clear, although the cobble
substrate was coated with silt. The depth ranged from about 4 feet (1.2 m) in pools
upstream of the bridge to 3 inches (7.6 centimeters [cm]) in riffles downstream.
The banks are nearly vertical and are lined with rocks and boulders to a height of
6 feet (1.8 m) upstream of the bridge, decreasing to 2 feet (0.6 m) at the bridge. The
banks increase to 7 feet (2.1 m) in height downstream of the bridge where the creek
turns towards the south. A culvert in the left bank drains to the stream at this point.
The creek is 60 to 70 percent shaded. Riparian vegetation consists of widely spaced
trees with an understory of shrubs and herbs emerging from the rip-rapped banks
Surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a classification by the DWQ that is
designed to maintain, protect, and enhance water quality within the State. Big Horse
Creek [Index # 10-2-21-(4.5)] is classified as a Class C Tr waterbody (NCDENR,
1999). Class C water resources are used for aquatic life propagation and survival,
fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture. There are no restrictions on
watershed development activities. The supplemental Tr classification refers to trout
waters, which are fresh waters protected for natural trout propagation and survival of
stocked trout.
Little Windfall Creek, a first-order stream, flows eastward into Big Horse Creek 500
feet (152.4 m) upstream of the proposed bridge replacement. Little Windfall Creek
(Index # 10-2-21-5) is also classified as a Class C Trwaterbody.
Non-point source runoff from adjacent landscaping, paved roadways, and pastures
are likely to be the primary source of water quality degradation to the water resources
located within the project vicinity. There are maintained lawns, gravel and paved
roads, and a tobacco field in the project area. Nutrient loading from fertilizers and
contaminants and sediment from roadway runoff could affect water quality. No
straight-piping was observed in the project area.
Basin-wide water quality assessments are conducted by the Environmental Sciences
Branch, Water Quality Section of the Division of Water Quality. The program has
established monitoring stations for sampling selected benthic mac roinve rte b rates,
which are known to have varying levels of tolerance to water pollution. An index of
water quality can be derived from the number of taxa present and the ratio of tolerant
7
to intolerant taxa. Streams then can be given a bioclassification ranging from Poor to
Excellent.
There are two monitoring stations on Big Horse Creek. One station is located about
1 mile (1.6 km) upstream of the project area at SR 1362. It was sampled in March
1990 and classified as Good-Fair. Another station is located about 7 miles (11.3 km)
downstream of the project area at the intersection of SR 1644 and US 194. It was
sampled in August 1998 and classified as Excellent.
Point source discharges in North Carolina are permitted through the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program administered by the DWQ. All
dischargers that discharge directly into surface waters are required to obtain a permit.
As of July 1999, there was one permit issued to discharge in Big Horse Creek
downstream of the project area. The Town of Lansing holds Permit NC0066028 to
discharge about 5.5 miles (8.8 km) downstream of the project area at a rate of 0.08
million gallons (0.3 million liters) per day. This is a Minor Municipal permit classified
as "Domestic-Municipal."
3. Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources
a) General Impacts
No waters classified as High Quality Water (HQW), Water Supplies (WS-I or WS-II) or
Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) occur with 1 mile (1.6 km) of the project study
area.
Any action that affects water quality can adversely affect aquatic organisms.
Temporary impacts during the construction phases may result in long-term impacts to
the aquatic community. In general, replacing an existing structure in the same
location with an off-site detour is the preferred environmental approach. Bridge
replacement at a new location results in more severe impacts, and physical impacts
are incurred at the point of detour construction as well as at the point of bridge
replacement.
The only stream impacts anticipated will occur in the immediate vicinity of the new
bridge crossing. Longitudinal impacts are not anticipated.
Project construction may result in the following impacts to surface water resources:
• Increased sediment loading and siltation as a consequence of watershed
vegetation removal, erosion, and/or construction.
• Decreased light penetration/water clarity from increased sedimentation.
• Changes in water temperature with vegetation removal.
• Changes in the amount of available organic matter with vegetation removal.
• Increased concentration of toxic compounds from highway runoff, construction
activities and construction equipment, and spills from construction equipment.
8
• Alteration of water levels and flows as a result of interruptions and/or additions to
surface and groundwater flow from construction.
It is important to understand that construction impacts may not be restricted to the
communities in which the construction activity occurs. Efforts should be made to
ensure that no sediment leaves the construction site. NCDOT's Best Management
Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters will be followed during the construction
phase of the project. In addition, "Guidelines for Construction Adjacent to or Crossing
Trout Waters" as incorporated into Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines will be
implemented and adhered to throughout the project.
4. Impacts Related to Bridge Demolition and Removal
Big Horse Creek in the vicinity of the proposed project is classified as a Public
Mountain Trout Water by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, and
carries the Division of Water Quality supplemental Tr classification. Therefore, in
stream work is prohibited during moratorium periods associated with fish migration,
spawning, and stocking periods.
The superstructure consists of a timber floor on steel I-beams (low-water type). The
substructure consists of reinforced concrete abutments with no interior bents. There
is one reinforced concrete abutment immediately adjacent to the water. The
maximum potential fill is 12.6 cubic yards (9.6 cubic meters).
Although the streambed in the project area is not bedrock, turbidity problems are not
expected from demolition activities.
D. Biotic Resources
Terrestrial and aquatic communities are included in the description of biotic resources.
Living systems described in the following sections include communities of associated
plants and animals. These descriptions refer to the dominant flora and fauna in each
community and the relationships of these biotic components. Descriptions of the
terrestrial systems are presented in the context of plant community classifications.
These classifications follow Schafale and Weakley (1990) where possible. They are
also cross-referenced to The Nature Conservancy International Classification of
Ecological Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation of the Southeastern United States
(1998), which has recently been adopted as the standard land cover classification by
the Federal Geographic Data Committee. Representative animal species that are
likely to occur in these habitats (based on published range distributions) are also
cited. Scientific nomenclature and common names (when applicable) are used for the
plant and animal species described. Subsequent references to the same species are
by the common name only.
9
1. Terrestrial Communities
Essentially one terrestrial community occurs within the project area - a maintained
landscape. Dominant faunal components associated with this terrestrial area are
discussed in the community description.
This community covers the area on both banks of Big Horse Creek. It consists of
maintained residential lawns or agricultural fields covering the project area up to the
stream banks. The stream banks are sparsely lined with trees, shrubs, and herbs
emerging from the rip-rapped banks. A 10-foot (3-m) wide rock berm lines the right
bank downstream of the bridge. Tree species include eastern hemlock (Tsuga
canadensis), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis),
white pine, (Pious strobus), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red maple (Acer rubrum),
cottonwood (Populus deltoides), white ash (Fraxinus americana), and hickory (Carya
sp.). The shrub species include rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum.),
black willow (Salix nigra), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), elderberry (Sambucus
canadensis), shining sumac (Rhus copallina), and black raspberry (Rubus
occidentalis). Herbaceous species include violet (Viola sp.), fescue (Festuca sp.),
woolly mullein (Verbascum thapsus), chicory (Cichorium intybus), giant cane
(Arundinaria gigantea), goldenrod (Solidago sp.), daisy fleabane (Erigeron strigosus),
Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota), thoroughwort (Eupatorium sp.), pokeweed
(Phytolacca americana), southern lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina), peppermint (Menta
piperita), and dwarf dandelion (Krigia sp.). The agricultural field was planted in
tobacco.
2. Wildlife
The animal species present in these disturbed habitats are opportunistic and are
capable of surviving on a variety of resources, ranging from vegetation to both living
and dead faunal components. Northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), starling
(Sturnus vulgaris), and American robin (Turdus migratorius) are common birds that
use these habitats. A Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) and a small flock of
mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were observed in the project area the day of the site
visit, along with deer sign (Odocoileus virginianus). The area may also be used by
gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), Eastern
garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis), and American toad (Bufo americanus). Also in
this mountainous setting among nearby forested slopes, the presence of Carolina
chickadee (Parus carolinensis), tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor), white-breasted
nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), red squirrel
(Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), shovelnose salamander (Leurognathus marmoratus), or
blackbelly salamander (Desmognathus quadramaculatus) would not be unexpected.
3. Aquatic Communities
Within the project area, Big Horse Creek is a mid-gradient, third-order stream. The
bed material consists mostly of cobbles, with a small percentage of sand and gravel.
10
On the day of the site visit, the water was clear with no suspended sediment. The
cobbles were coated with a thin film of sediment. The riparian community is
composed of mostly small trees and shrubs.
Ashe County is designated a "trout" county by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission (WRC) and Big Horse Creek is a designated Public Mountain Trout
Water. At this location, the creek contains wild trout and is stocked with rainbow trout
(Onchorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and brook trout (Salvelinus
fontinalis).
4. Anticipated Impacts to Biotic Communities
Destruction of natural communities along the project alignment will result in the loss of
foraging and breeding habitats for the various animal species that utilize the area.
Animal species will be displaced into surrounding communities. Adult birds,
mammals, and some reptiles are mobile enough to avoid mortality during
construction. Young animals and less mobile species, such as many amphibians,
may suffer direct loss during construction. The plants and animals that are found in
these upland communities are generally common throughout western North Carolina.
Impacts to terrestrial communities, particularly in locations having steep to moderate
slopes, can result in the aquatic community receiving heavy sediment loads as a
consequence of erosion. Construction impacts may not be restricted to the
communities in which the construction activity occurs, but may also affect downstream
communities. Efforts will be made to ensure that no sediment leaves the construction
site.
Project construction will have various impacts to the previously described terrestrial
and aquatic communities. Any construction activities in or near these resources have
the potential to impact biological functions. This section quantifies and qualifies
potential impacts to the natural communities within the project area in terms of the
area impacted and the plants and animals affected. Temporary and permanent
impacts are considered here along with recommendations to minimize or eliminate
impacts.
a) Terrestrial Communities
Terrestrial communities in the project area will be impacted by project construction
from clearing and paving and loss of the terrestrial community area along SR 1358
and along the right stream bank in the case of Alternative 1. Estimated impacts are
based on the length of the alternate and the entire study corridor width of 60 feet
(18.3 m). Table 2 describes the potential impacts to terrestrial communities by habitat
type. Because impacts are based on the entire study corridor width, the actual loss of
habitat will likely be less than the estimate.
11
Table 2. Estimated Areas of Impact to Terrestrial Communities
IMPACTED AREA IN ACRES (HECTARES)
Community Alternate 1
Preferred Alternate 2
Maintained Landscape 0.66 0.26 0.45 0.18
Total Im act 0.66 0.26 0.45 0.18
Destruction of natural communities along the project alignment will result in the loss of
foraging and breeding habitats for the various animal species that utilize the area.
Animal species will be displaced into surrounding communities. Adult birds,
mammals, and some reptiles are mobile enough to avoid mortality during
construction. Young animals and less mobile species, such as many amphibians,
may suffer direct loss during construction. The plants and animals that are found in
these upland communities are generally common throughout western North Carolina.
Impacts to terrestrial communities, particularly in locations having steep to moderate
slopes, can result in the aquatic community receiving heavy sediment loads as a
consequence of erosion. Construction impacts may not be restricted to the
communities in which the construction activity occurs, but may also affect downstream
communities. Efforts will be made to ensure that no sediment leaves the construction
site.
b) Wetland Communities
No wetlands will be impacted.
c) Aquatic Communities
Impacts to aquatic communities include fluctuations in water temperatures as a result
of the loss of riparian vegetation. Shelter and food resources, both in the aquatic and
terrestrial portions of these organisms' life cycles, will be affected by losses in the
terrestrial communities. The loss of aquatic plants and animals will affect terrestrial
fauna which rely on them as a food source.
Temporary and permanent impacts to aquatic organisms
sedimentation. Aquatic invertebrates may drift downstrea
re-colonize the disturbed area once it has been stabiliz
potential to affect fish and other aquatic life in several w,
and abrading of gills and other respiratory surfaces, affect
and filling of pools and riffles, altering water chemistry, ai
stages. Increased sedimentation may cause decreased Ii
increase in turbidity. Trout populations are particularly
degradation.
may result from increased
m during construction and
.ed. Sediments have the
3.ys, including the clogging
ing the habitat by scouring
id smothering different life
ght penetration through an
sensitive to water-quality
12
Wet concrete should not come into contact with surface water during bridge
construction in order to minimize effects of runoff on the stream water quality.
Potential adverse effects will be minimized through the implementation of NCDOT
Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters. In addition,
"Guidelines for Construction Adjacent to and Crossing Trout Waters" as incorporated
into Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines will be implemented and followed
throughout the project. In-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot (7.6-
m) wide trout stream buffer zone will be prohibited during the brown and brook trout
spawning season of October 15 through March 31 to protect the egg and fry stages of
trout from off-site sedimentation during construction.
E. Special Topics
1. "Waters of the United States": Jurisdictional Issues
Wetlands and surface waters fall under the broad category of "Waters of the United
States" as defined in 33 CFR § 328.3 and in accordance with provisions of Section
404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). These wetlands and surface waters
are regulated by the USACE. Any action that proposes to dredge or place fill material
into surface waters or wetlands falls under these provisions.
Jurisdictional wetlands do not occur within the project area. Big Horse Creek meets
the definition of surface waters, and is therefore classified as Waters of the United
States.
2. Permits
Permits and certifications from various State and Federal agencies that may be
required prior to construction activities are described below.
a) Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
In accordance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, construction is likely to be
authorized by provisions of Section 33, CFR 330.5 (a) Nationwide Permit (NWP) No.
23. This permit authorizes activities undertaken, assisted, authorized, regulated,
funded, or financed in whole or in part, by another Federal agency or department
where that agency or department has determined that, pursuant to the Council on
Environmental Quality Regulations for Implementing the Procedural Provisions of the
National Environmental Policy Act:
• The activity, work, or discharge is categorically excluded from environmental
documentation because it is included within a category of actions which neither
individually nor cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment;
and
13
• the Office of the Chief Engineer has been furnished notice of the agency's or
department's application for the categorical exclusion and concurs with that
determination.
b) Section 401 Water Quality Certification
This project will also require a 401 Water Quality Certification or waiver thereof, from
the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR)
prior to issuance of the NWP 23. Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that
the state issue or deny water certification for any Federally permitted or licensed
activity that results in a discharge into Waters of the United States. In addition, the
project is located in a designated "trout" county, where NCDOT must obtain a letter of
approval from the NC Wildlife Resources Commission. The final permit decision rests
with the USACE.
c) Bridge Demolition and Removal
Demolition and removal of a highway bridge over Waters of the United States requires
a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Effective September 20, 1999, this
permit is included with the permit for bridge reconstruction. The permit application
henceforth will require disclosure of demolition methods and potential impacts to the
body of water in the planning document for the bridge reconstruction.
Section 402-2 "Removal of Existing Structures" of NCDOT's Standard Specifications
for Roads and Structures stipulates that "excavated materials shall not be
deposited.... in rivers, streams, or impoundments," and "the dropping of parts or
components of structures into any body of water will not be permitted unless there is
no other practical method of removal. The removal from the water of any part or
component of a structure shall be done so as to keep any resulting siltation to a
minimum." To meet these specifications, NCDOT shall adhere to Best Management
Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, as supplemented with Best
Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal.
In addition, all in-stream work shall be classified into one of three categories as
follows:
Case 1) In-water work is limited to an absolute minimum, due to the presence of
special resource waters or threatened and/or endangered species, except for the
removal of the portion of the sub-structure below the water. The work is carefully
coordinated with the responsible agency to protect the Special Resource Water or
T&E species.
Case 2) No work at all in the water during moratorium periods associated with fish
migration, spawning, and larval recruitment into nursery areas.
14
Case 3) No special restrictions other than those outlined in Best Management
Practices for Protection of Surface Waters.
Big Horse Creek in the vicinity of the proposed project is not a special resource water
and is not known to provide habitat for aquatic species on the federal list of
threatened and endangered species. However, it is classified as a Public Mountain
Trout Water by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, and carries the
Division of Water Quality supplemental Tr classification. Therefore, Case 2 applies to
the proposed replacement of Bridge No. 281 over Big Horse Creek.
The superstructure consists of a timber floor on steel 1-beams (low-water type). The
substructure consists of reinforced concrete abutments with no interior bents. There is
one reinforced concrete abutment immediately adjacent to the water. The maximum
potential fill is 12.6 cubic yards (9.6 cubic meters).
Although the streambed in the project area is not bedrock, turbidity problems are not
expected from demolition activities.
3. Mitigation
Because this project will likely be authorized under a Nationwide Permit, mitigation for
impacts to surface waters may or may not be required by the USACE. The DWQ
Wetland Rules [15A NCAC 211 .0506 (h)] state the following: "Fill or alteration of
more than one acre (0.4 ha) of wetlands will require compensatory mitigation; and fill
or alteration of more than 150 linear feet (45.6 m) of streams may require
compensatory mitigation." Because there are no wetlands within the study corridor,
wetland mitigation will not be required. A total of 60 linear feet (18.3 m) of Big Horse
Creek is located within the study corridor for the proposed project. The actual stream
impacts will likely be lower than the 150 linear feet (45.6 m) threshold, depending on
final design plans. However, if the final length of stream impact is greater than 150
linear feet (45.6 m), compensatory mitigation may be required.
F. Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of plants and animals are declining either as a result of natural
forces or their difficulty competing with humans for resources. Rare and protected
species listed for Ashe County, and any likely impacts to these species as a result of
the proposed project construction, are discussed in the following sections.
1. Federally Protected Species
Plants and animals with a Federal classification of Endangered (E), Threatened (T),
Proposed Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under
provisions of Section 7 and Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended.
15
The USFWS lists seven species under Federal protection for Ashe County as of
March 22, 2001 (USFWS, 2001). These species are listed in Table 3.
Table 3. Species Under Federal Protection for Ashe County
Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status
Clemm s muhlenber ii Bo Turtle T S/A
Geum radiatum Spreading Avens E
Helonias bullata Swam Pink T
Houstonia montana Roan Mountain Bluet E
Liatris helleri Heller's Blazing Star T
S iraea vir iniana Virginia S iraea T
G mnoderma lineare Rock Gnome Lichen E
Notes: E Endangered-A species that is threatened with extinction throughout all or a
significant portion of its range.
T Threatened-A species that is likely to become an endangered species within
the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
T S/A Similarity of Appearance-A species that is listed as threatened due to similarity
of appearance with other rare species.
A brief description of the characteristics and habitat requirements of each species
follows, along with a conclusion regarding potential project impact.
Clemmys muhlenbergii (Bog turtle) Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance
Vertebrate Family: Emydidae
Federally Listed: 1997
The bog turtle is a small freshwater turtle reaching a maximum carapace length of 4.5
inches (11.4 cm). These turtles have a domed carapace that is weakly keeled and is
light brown to ebony in color. The scutes have a lighter-colored starburst pattern.
The plastron is brownish-black with contrasting yellow or cream areas along the
midline. This species is distinguished by a conspicuous orange, yellow, or red blotch
on each side of the head.
The bog turtle is semi-aquatic and is typically found in freshwater wetlands
characterized by open fields, meadows, or marshes with slow moving streams,
ditches, and boggy areas. The bog turtle is also found in wetlands in agricultural
areas subject to light to moderate livestock grazing, which helps to maintain an
intermediate stage of succession. During the winter, this species hibernates just
below the upper surface of mud. Mating occurs in May and June, and the female
deposits two to six eggs in sphagnum moss or sedge tussocks in May, June, or July.
The diet of the bog turtle is varied, consisting of beetles, lepidopteran and caddisfly
larvae, snails, millipedes, pondweed and sedge seeds, and carrion.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
16
The southern population of the bog turtle is listed as Threatened due to
Similarity of Appearance to the northern population, therefore, the southern
population is not afforded protection under Section 7 of the Endangered
Species Act. No habitat exists in the project area for the bog turtle. There are
no freshwater wetlands characterized by open fields, meadows, or marshes
with slow moving streams, ditches, or boggy areas near the bridge.
Geum radiatum (Spreading avens)
Plant Family: Rosaceae
Federally Listed: 1990
Endangered
Spreading avens is a perennial herb having stems with an indefinite cyme of bright
yellow, radially symmetrical flowers. Flowers of spreading avens are present from
June to early July. Spreading avens has basal leaves which are odd-pinnately
compound; terminal leaflets are kidney shaped and much larger than the lateral
leaflets, which are reduced or absent.
Spreading avens is found only in the North Carolina and Tennessee section of the
Southern Appalachian Mountains. Spreading avens occurs on scarps, bluffs, cliffs,
and escarpments on mountains, hills, and ridges. Known populations of this plant
have been found to occur at elevations from 5060 to 5800 feet (1535 to 1759 m).
Other habitat requirements for this species include full sunlight and shallow acidic
soils. These soils are composed of sand, pebbles, humus, sandy loam, and clay
loam. Most populations are pioneers on rocky outcrops.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
No habitat exists in the project area for spreading avens. The elevation of the
project area is approximately 2800 feet (853.4 m) and known populations occur
above 5000 feet (1524 m). A search of the NHP database found no occurrence
of spreading avens in the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the project
will not impact this endangered species.
Helonias bullata (swamp pink)
Plant Family: Liliaceae
Federally Listed: 1988
Threatened
Swamp pink is a perennial, subscapose herb with evergreen leaves occurring in a
basal rosette. The leaves are oblanceolate, parallel-veined, and about 3.5 to
9.8 inches (9 to 25 cm) long. A stout, hollow stem arises from the basal rosette and
can grow from 7.8 to 35.4 inches (20 to 90 cm) during flowering to 4.9 feet (1.5 m)
during seed maturation. The stem bears an ebracteate raceme about 1.2 to 3.1
17
inches (3 to 8 cm) long. The raceme consists of a cluster of thirty to fifty fragrant, pink
to lavender flowers. The plant often grows in dense clumps as a result of
reproduction by clonal root growth or limited seed dispersal. Swamp pink is one of
the first wildflowers to bloom in the spring. In winter, the basal rosette persists and
turns reddish-brown, with the next season's flowerhead appearing as a button in the
center.
Swamp pink occurs in a variety of wetland types from the coastal plain to the
mountains in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Georgia. It is found in Atlantic white cedar swamps, Blue Ridge
swamps, swampy forested wetlands bordering small streams, meadows, and seepage
areas. The plant requires saturated but not flooded conditions, and often occurs in
association with evergreen trees such as Atlantic white cedar, pitch pine, American
larch, and black spruce. The largest North Carolina population occurs in the Pink
Beds area of Pisgah National Forest. Other populations are known from Ashe,
Jackson, Henderson, and Transylvania counties.
Biological Conclusion No Effect
No habitat exists in the project area for swamp pink. No swamps, seeps, or
other wetland types were observed nor are any wetlands shown on the NWI
map in the project vicinity. A search of the NHP database found no occurrence
of swamp pink in the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the project will
not impact this threatened species.
Houstonia montana (Roan Mountain bluet) Endangered
(Hedyotis purpurea var. montana)
Plant Family: Rubiaceae
Federally Listed: 1990
Roan Mountain bluet is a cespitose perennial herb with erect or ascending,
unbranched or weakly terminally branched stems. It grows to 8 inches (21 cm) tall
from a basal winter rosette. Cauline leaves are opposite, sessile, and ovate, 0.3 to
1.2 inches (0.8 to 3.0 cm) long and 0.2 to 0.5 inches (0.6 to 1.3 cm) wide. Flowers
are reddish-purple and funnel-shaped. The inflorescence is few-flowered, with
flowers occurring from late May through August, with peak flowering in June and July.
There is considerable disagreement among the experts concerning whether the Roan
Mountain bluet belongs to the Hedyotis or Houstonia genus, and whether it is a variety
or deserves a full species ranking.
Roan Mountain bluet grows on rocky exposures at high elevations of 4600 to
6270 feet (1400 to 1900 m). Bedrock geology is critical for the growth of this species.
All sites are on mafic (i.e., basic) rock, which contrasts with most other high elevation
rocky-summit sites, which are typically on felsic or acidic rock. The plants typically
18
grow in gravel-filled pockets found on north- or northwest-facing cliff ledges, or on
talus slopes associated with outcrop exposures on the south or southwest slopes of
mountain balds. Most sites are kept moist by frequent fog, mid-elevation clouds, or
summer thunderstorms.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
No habitat exists in the project area for Roan Mountain bluet. The elevation of
the project area is approximately 2800 feet (853.4 m) and this species occurs
above 4600 feet (1400 m). A search of the NHP database found no occurrence
of Roan Mountain bluet in the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the
project will not impact this endangered species.
Liatris helleri (Heller's blazing star)
Plant Family: Asteraceae
Federally Listed: 1987
Threatened
Heller's blazing star is a perennial herb with an erect stem from a corm-like rootstock.
The stiff stems are purple near the base, turning to green upwards, and are strongly
ribbed and angulate. Both basal and cauline leaves are numerous, decreasing in size
upward. The leaves are long and narrow, with those at the base 8 to 12 inches (20 to
30 cm) in length. The stems reach up to 16 inches (40 cm) in height and are topped
by a showy spike of lavender flowers 0.3 to 8 inches (7 to 20 cm) long. Flowering
occurs from July through September.
Heller's blazing star typically occurs on sandy soil on rocky summits, cliffs, ledges,
and rocky woods at elevations of 3500 to 6000 feet (1067 to 1829 m). The plants
grow in humus or clay loams on igneous and metasedimentary rock. Soils are
generally acidic (pH 4) and shallow. Sites occupied by the Heller's blazing star are
generally exposed to full sun.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
No habitat exists in the project area for Heller's blazing star. The elevation of the
project area is approximately 2800 feet (853.4 m), whereas this species occurs
above 3500 feet (1067 m). There are no areas of sandy soil on rocky summits,
cliffs, ledges, or rocky woods that are exposed to full sun. A search of the NHP
database found no occurrence of Heller's blazing star in the project vicinity. It
can be concluded that the project will not impact this threatened species.
Spiraea virginiana (Virginia spiraea)
Family: Rosaceae
Federally Listed: 1990
Threatened
19
Virginia spiraea is a perennial shrub with arching, upright stems. Its growth form is
described as "plastic" and varies depending upon age and environmental conditions.
The roots are a complex system of horizontal rootstock with mats of small fibrous
roots. If exposed, the horizontal rootstock gives rise to upright stems. Virginia
spiraea typically has a diffuse branching pattern and grows to 3 to 10 feet (1 to 3 m) in
height. Leaves are simple, ovate to lanceolate, with an acute base. The leaf margins
range from entire to completely serrate. Virginia spiraea flowers from late May to late
July, with bright to creamy white flowers forming a corymb.
Virginia spiraea is typically found in disturbed sites along rivers and streams. It forms
dense clumps around boulders and in rock crevices, and apparently depends on flood
scour to eliminate woody competitors and create suitable early successional habitats.
Typical habitat includes scoured banks of high gradient streams, or on meander
scrolls, point bars, natural levees, and braided features of lower stream reaches. In
North Carolina, extant populations are known from Ashe, Macon, Mitchell, and
Yancey counties. In Graham County, there is an historic record of an extirpated
population.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
A search of the NHP files found no occurrence of Virginia spiraea in the project
vicinity. However, habitat for this species may exist along the banks of Big
Horse Creek within the project area. On June 7, 2000, the banks of Big Horse
Creek were surveyed for Virginia Spiraea in the project vicinity. No Virginia
Spiraea plants were found. Therefore, the project is anticipated to have no
effect on the species. An additional survey should be conducted for this plant
within two years prior to construction to confirm no plants occur.
Gymnoderma lineare (rock gnome lichen) Endangered
Family: Cladoniaceae
Federally Listed: 1994
The rock gnome lichen is a squamose lichen in the reindeer moss family. The lichen
can be identified by its fruiting bodies, which are born singly or in clusters, black in
color, and are found at the tips of the squamules. The fruiting season of the rock
gnome lichen occurs from July through September.
The rock gnome lichen is a narrow endemic, restricted to areas of high humidity.
These high humidity environments occur on high elevation (4000 feet [1220 m])
mountaintops and cliff faces that are frequently bathed in fog or lower elevation
(2500 feet [762 m]) deep gorges in the Southern Appalachians. The rock gnome
lichen primarily occurs on vertical rock faces where seepage water from forest soils
above flows only at very wet times. The rock gnome lichen is almost always found
20
growing with the moss Adreaea in these vertical intermittent seeps. The major threat
of extinction to the rock gnome lichen relates directly to habitat alteration and loss of
high-elevation coniferous forests. These coniferous forests usually lie adjacent to the
habitat occupied by the rock gnome lichen. The high elevation habitat occurs in Ashe,
Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Mitchell, Swain, and Yancey counties. The
lower elevation habitat of the rock gnome lichen can be found in Jackson, Rutherford
and Transylvania counties.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
No habitat exists in the project area for the rock gnome lichen. The elevation of
the project area is approximately 2800 feet (853.4 m) and there are no vertical
rock faces present. In Ashe County, this species occurs on mountaintops and
cliff faces at elevations above 4000 feet (1220 m). A search of the NHP database
found no occurrence of rock gnome lichen in the project vicinity. It can be
concluded that the project will not impact this threatened species.
2. Federal Species of Concern and State Status
Federal Species of Concern (FSC) are not legally protected under the Endangered
Species Act and are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7, until they
are formally proposed or listed as Threatened or Endangered. Table 4 includes FSC
species listed for Ashe County and their State classifications. Organisms which are
listed as Endangered (E), Threatened (T), or Special Concern (SC) on the North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program list of Rare Plant and Animal Species are afforded
State protection under the State Endangered Species Act and the North Carolina
Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979. However, the level of protection given
to State-listed species does not apply to NCDOT activities.
21
Table 4. Federal Species of Concern for Ashe County
Common Name Scientific Name NC
Status Habitat
present
Appalachian Bewick's Wren Th omanes bewickii altus E No
Appalachian Cottontail S /vita us obscurus SR No
Kanawha Minnow Phenacobius teretulus SC Yes
Diana Fritillary S e eria diana SR No
Gammon's Stenelmis Riffle
Beetle Stenelmis gammoni SR Yes
Green Floater Lasmi ona subviddis E Yes
Pygmy Snaketail Ohio om hus howei SR No
Regal Fritillary S e eria idalia SR No
Butternut Jo glans cinerea W5 No
Tall Larkspur Del hinium exaltatum E-SC No
Glade Spurge (Darlington's
Spurge) Euphorbia purpurea C No
Appalachian Oak Fern G mnoca ium a alachianum E No
Gray's Lily Lilium ra i T-SC No
Bo Bluegrass Poa aludi ena E No
Carolina Saxifrage Saxifra a caroliniana C No
Bluff Mountain Reindeer Lichen Cladonia soromica C No
Notes: Source: Amoroso and LeGrand; 1995 Weakley, 1995
T - Threatened, E - Endangered, SC - Special Concern, SR - State Rare, C-Candidate,
* - Denotes a historic record - the species was last observed in the county more
than 50 years ago.
No FSC species were observed during the site visit. According to NHP records, none
of these species occur within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the project area.
3. Summary of Anticipated Impacts
In conclusion, there are no impacts to any of the Federally protected species
anticipated.
VI. CULTURAL RESOURCES
A. Compliance Guidelines
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966, as amended and implemented by the Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified as 36
CFR Part 800. Section 106 requires that for Federally funded, licensed, or permitted
projects having an effect on properties listed in or eligible for the National Register of
Historic Places, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation be given the opportunity
to comment.
22
B. Historic Architectural Resources
A field survey of the Area of Potential Effects (APE) was conducted and structures
within the APE were photographed and mapped. NCDOT architectural historians
reviewed these photographs and requested additional information on the Foster
Memorial Presbyterian Church. An eligibility report was prepared and reviewed by the
North Carolina Historic Preservation Office (HPO). The Foster Memorial Presbyterian
Church is the only property over fifty years old within the general project area. This
property is located off a soil road approximately 175 ft (53.4 m) off of SR 1358 (Little
Windfall Road).
On June 9, 2000, the HPO concurred with the findings of the eligibility report
determining the Foster Memorial Presbyterian Church is eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places under Criteria C for architecture and Criteria
Consideration A for religion as a fine rare example of a rural stone church built during
the early twentieth century in western North Carolina. On March 20, 2001, NCDOT
and HPO concurred with the finding that the Foster Memorial Presbyterian Church is
eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria C for
architecture and Criteria Consideration A for religion (see Appendix for concurrence
form dated March 20, 2001). The project will move the roadway farther from this
resource and will have no effect on this property. Therefore, compliance with Section
106 is complete for historic structures.
C. Archaeological Resources
The State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), in a comment dated October 27,
2000 stated: `There are no archaeological concerns for this project." A copy of the
SHPO comment is included in the Appendix.
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Anticipated impacts to the resources in the project area are described in this section.
The project is considered to be a Federal "Categorical Exclusion" due to its limited
scope and insignificant environmental consequences. The project is expected to
have an overall positive impact. Replacement of an inadequate bridge will result in
safer traffic operations.
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or zoning regulation. No
significant change in land use is expected to result from construction of the project.
No adverse effect on public facilities or services is anticipated. The project is not
expected to adversely affect social, economic, or religious opportunities in the area.
No adverse effect on families or communities is anticipated. Right-of-way acquisition
will be limited.
23
There are no publicly owned parks, recreational facilities, or wildlife and waterfowl
refuges of National, State, or Local significance in the vicinity of the project.
The Farmland Protection Policy Act requires all Federal agencies or their
representatives to consider the potential impacts to prime and important farmland
soils by all land acquisition and construction projects. The project will not impact
prime and important farmlands. The proposed project is anticipated to be limited to
lands which are currently occupied by a stone berm.
This project is an air quality "neutral" project, so it is not required to be included in the
regional emission analysis (if applicable) and a project level CO analysis is not
required. The project is located in Ashe County, which has been determined to be in
compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 40 CFR part 51 is not
applicable because the proposed project is located in an attainment area. This
project is not anticipated to create any adverse effects on the air quality of this
attainment area.
Traffic volumes will not increase or decrease because of this project. The project's
impact on noise and air quality will not be significant.
Noise levels could increase during construction but will be temporary. If vegetation is
disposed of by burning, all burning shall be done in accordance with applicable local
laws and regulations of the North Carolina SIP for air quality in compliance with 15
NAACO 2D.0520. This evaluation completes the assessment requirements for
highway traffic noise (23 CFR Part 772) and for air quality (1990 CAAA and NEPA),
and no additional reports are required.
An examination of records at the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, Groundwater Section and the Division
of Waste Management revealed neither underground storage tanks, hazardous waste
sites, nor regulated or unregulated landfills or dump sites in the project area.
Ashe County is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Bridge
No. 281 is in the FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain. A floodway has not been
established for the stream. The proposed structure will provide a greater hydraulic
opening than exists (418 square feet compared to the existing 59 square feet [38.8
square meters compared to 5.5 square meters]). The grade will be raised
approximately 10 feet (3 m), allowing the 25-year storm to pass under the proposed
bridge, however, the flow from this event is anticipated to overtop the roadway just
upstream of the crossing, resulting in a split flow. The existing flow, with a berm along
the stream bank just upstream of the existing structure, results in a split flow
associated with the 25-year storm. Because the proposed structure will approximate
the existing conditions, it is anticipated that the proposed project will not result in a
substantial encroachment into the floodplain. The project will not increase the extent
or level of flood hazard risk. However, during design, hydraulic aspects of the bridge
24
will consider the existing berms that are located along both sides of the stream in the
project area.
Based on the findings of this document, no significant adverse environmental impacts
are anticipated to result from the replacement of Bridge Number 281 in Ashe County.
Therefore, the proposed project is considered to be a "categorical exclusion" as
defined by the Federal Highway Administration's environmental guidelines
(23 CFR 771.117).
VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
State and Federal agencies as well as Ashe County offices were contacted for input
on the subject project.
IX. AGENCY COMMENTS
Agency comments received are summarized below. Their comments are included in
the Appendix.
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources - State Historic Preservation
Office
The SHPO office concurs that the Foster Memorial Presbyterian Church is eligible
for the listing in the National Register of Historic places, but there will be no effects
from this project.
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
This stream is Designated Public Mountain Trout Water which contains both wild
and stocked trout. This office recommends that in-stream work and land disturbance
within the 25-foot wide trout stream buffer zone be prohibited during the brown and
brook trout spawning season of October 15 through March 31 to protect the egg and
fry stages of trout from off-site sedimentation during construction.
In-stream work and land disturbance within -the 25-foot wide trout stream buffer
zone will be prohibited during the brown and brook trout spawning season of October
15 through March 31 to protect the egg and fry stages of trout from off-site
sedimentation during construction.
NCDENR
The Division of Water Quality has submitted general comments on the project.
Department of the Army Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers
The Department of the Army Corps of Engineers submitted general comments on
the project.
Ashe County Board of Education
This office believes that this project will have no disturbance to their bus
schedules.
25
United States Department of Agriculture
The Natural Resources Conservation Service does not have any comments at
this time.
26
FIGURES

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TUCKERDALE
1369
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 1
VICINITY MAP
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 281
ON SR 1358 OVER BIG HORSE CREEK
ASHE COUNTY
TIP NO. 8-4014
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North Carolina- Department of Transportation FIGURE 4a
EAST AND WEST VIEWS OF BRIDG
Division of Highways
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 81
Project Development and ON SR 1358 OVER BIG HORSE CRE K
Environmental Analysis Branch ASHE COUNTY
TIP NO. B-4014
On SR 1358 looking east.
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FIGURE 4b
North Carolina - Department of Transportation VIEWS OF BRIDGE FROM RIVER
Division of Highways REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 281
ON SR 1358 OVER BIG HORSE CREEK
Project Development and ASHE COUNTY
Environmental Analysis Branch TIP NO. B-4014
On bridge looking upstream (north).
USDA
States
ment of
Iture August 13, 1999
•ces
vation Ms. Stacy Harris, P. E.
Project Development & Environmental
eland Rd. Analysis Branch
!os NCDOT
i, NC 27609 P. 0. BOX 25201
173-2134 Raleigh NC 27611-5201
Dear Ms. Harris:
Thank you for the opportunity to provide comments on Replacement of Bridge Number 281 on
SR 1358 over Bite Horse Creek, Ashe County, State Project No. 8.211702 TIP No B-4014.
The Natural Resources Conservation Service does not have any comments at this time.
Sincerely,
Mary T. Kollstedt
State Conservationist
The Natural Resources Conservation service wcrks hand-in-hand with the
,laneriian people to umse.ve natural resources cn private land Atd EQUAL OPPOPTUNITY EivlPLOYER

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO September 30, 1999
Regulatory Division
GE1V Ed
Action ID No. 199921245
bd
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager r;,,o0 0t?Pa
Project Development and 8nvironmental ?Lko`'FCT,
oEVE?-°
. Analysis Branch oN EN L ?
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
ti
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
s
Reference is made to your request for comments regarding the proposed replacement of
Bridge Number 281, on SR 1358, over Big Horse Creek, Ashe County, North Carolina, State
Project No. 8.211.702, TIP No. B-4014.
We have reviewed the subject document and have determined that based upon a review
of the information provided and available maps, it appears that the project may impact
jurisdictional waters of the United States associated with Big Horse Creek. Any discharge of
excavated or fill material into this creek and/or any adjacent wetlands that may be present will
require Department of the Army (DA) permit authorization. The project may be eligible for
various general permit authorizations. However, DA authorization will be determined based
upon the extent of jurisdictional area impacted by the project, project design and construction
limits. Ashe County is one of the twenty-five mountain trout counties of North Carolina that
contain trout waters. Review and comments are required from the North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission prior to any action being taken on DA permit authorization.
Due to the limited information provided regarding the extent of jurisdictional impacts
associated with the project, we will be unable to provide specific comments regarding DA permit
requirements until additional data are furnished regarding the limits of the jurisdictional impacts
within construction limits of the proposed project. When this information becomes available, it
should be forwarded to our office for review and comment as well as a determination of DA
permit eligibility.
Any questions related to DA permits for this project should be addressed to
Mrs. Jean B. 1VManuele, Raleigh Field Office, telephone [phone], Extension 24.
Sincerely,

E. David Franklin
Special Projects Manager

1\ wvu
® Forth Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission 0
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
NCDOT Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FROM: Joe H. Mickey, Jr., Stream Mitigation Coordinator _
Habitat Conservation Program
DATE: August 16, 1999
SUBJECT: Review of scoping sheets for Replacement of Bridge No. 281 on SR 1358 over Big Horse
Creek, State Project No. 8.211702, TIP No. B-4014, Ashe County
This correspondence responds to a request by you for our review and comments on the scoping
sheets for the subject project. This project will impact Big Horse Creek, which is North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission (NCWRC) Designated Public Mountain Trout Water. Big Horse Creek at this
location contains both wild and stocked trout.
Based on our review of the information provided, our preference is that Bridge No. 281 over Big
Horse Creek be replaced with another spanning structure. We will recommend that instream work and
land disturbance within the 25-foot wide trout stream buffer zone be prohibited during the brown and
brook trout spawning season of October 15 _ through March 31 to protect the egg and fry stages of trout..
from off-site sedimentation during construction. Because plans are incomplete for this bridge
replacement, we have not identified any additional concerns at this time. However, once plans are
finalized for this project and submitted for review during the 404/401permit process, we may offer
additional recommendations to lessen impacts to aquatic resources.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment during the early stages of this project. If
you have any questions regarding these comments, please contact me at 336/366-2982.
cc: Stacy Harris, NCDOT
Kin Hodges, NCWRC
G E I VFO
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"V
HIGH'INAY?
1)EVEL00
TAL A14N
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality .
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Bill Holman, Secretary
.. Kerr T. Stevens, Director
October 15, 1999
MEMORANDUM
ern
No?
NCDENR
To: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager, NCDOT, Pro?jecrevelopment & Environmental Analysis
From: John E. Hennessy, NC Division of Water Quality ?C
? 1_
Subject: Scoping comments on the proposed replacement of Bridge No. 281 on SR 1358 over the Big
Horse Creek in Ashe County, TIP B-4014, State Project No. 8.211702.
Reference your correspondence dated August 4, 1999, in which you requested scoping comments for the
referenced project. Preliminary analysis of the project reveals that the proposed bridge will span Big Horse
Creek in the New River Basin. The stream is classified as Class C Trout waters. The Division of Water
Quality requests that NCDOT consider the following environmental issues for the proposed project:
A. Review of the proposed project reveals the potential for impacts to a class C Trout Waters. Prior to
selecting a preferred alternative, the DOT needs to assess and document all other reasonable and
feasible alternatives. The NCDWQ cannot permit impacts to valuable water supplies that are
otherwise avoidable. Prior to issuance of the 401 Water Quality Certification, the NCDOT will need
to demonstrate the rationale for the selected alternative and all efforts undertaken to ameliorate
impacts.
B. We would like to see a discussion in the document that presents a clear purpose and need to justify
the project's existence. Based on the information presented in your report, we assume that the
Level-of- Service (LOS) is one of the primary reasons for the project. Therefore, the document
should delineate a detailed discussion on the existing Level-of-Service as well as the proposed future
Level-of-Service. The discussion for the future Level-of-Service should consider the Level-of-
Service with and without the project.
C. The document should provide a detailed and itemized presentation of the proposed impacts to
wetlands and streams with corresponding mapping.
D. There should be a discussion on mitigation plans for unavoidable impacts. If mitigation is required,
it is preferable to present a conceptual (if not finalized) mitigation plan with the environmental
documentation. While the NCDWQ realizes that this may not always be practical, it should be noted
that for projects requiring mitigation, appropriate mitigation plans will be required prior to issuance
of a 401 Water Quality Certification.
1621 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
'Mr. William b. Gilmore menw
1011509
Page '_
E. Re of the project reveals that no Outstanding Resource Waters, High Quality Waters, Body
Contact Waters, or Water Supply Waters will be impacted during the project implementation.
However. impacts to waters classified as Class C Trout waters will be impacted. The DWQ requests
that DOT strictly adhere to North Carolina regulations entitled "Design Standards in Sensitive
Watersheds" (15A NCAC 04B .0024) throughout design and construction of the project. This would
apply for any area that drains to streams having WS (Water Supply), ORW (Outstanding Resource
Water), HQW (High Quality Water), B (Bodv Contact), SA (Shellfish Water) or Tr (Trout Water)
classifications.
F. When practical, the DWQ requests that bridges be replaced on the existing location with road
closure. If a detour proves necessary, remediation measures in accordance with the NCDWQ
requirements for General 401 Certification 2726/Nationwide Permit No. 33 (Temporary
Construction, Access and Dewatering) must be followed.
G. The DWQ requests that hazardous spill catch basins be installed at any bridge crossing a stream
classified as HQW or WS (Water Supply). The number of catch basins installed should be
determined by the design of the bridge, so that runoff would enter said basin(s) rather than flowing
directly into the stream.
H. If applicable, DOT should not install the bridge bents in the creek, to the maximum extent
practicable.
I. Wetland and stream impacts should be avoided (including sediment and erosion control
structures/measures) to the maximum extent practical. If this is not possible, alternatives that
minimize wetland impacts should be chosen. Mitigation for unavoidable impacts will be required by
DWQ for impacts to wetlands in excess of one acre and/or to streams in excess of 150 linear feet.
Borrow/waste areas, should not be located in wetlands. It is likely that compensatory mitigation will
be required if wetlands are impacted by waste or borrow.
K. DWQ prefers replacement of bridges with bridges. However, if the new structure is to be a culvert, it
should be countersunk to allow unimpeded fish and other aquatic organisms passage through the
crossing.
L. If foundation test borings are necessary; it should be noted in the document. Geotechnical work is
approved under General 401 Certification Number 3027/Nationwide Permit No. 6 for Survey
Activities.
M. In accordance with the NCDWQ Wetlands Rules (15A NCAC 2H.0506(b)(6) }, mitigation will be
required for impacts of greater than 150 linear feet to any single perennial stream. Iii the event that
mitigation becomes required, the mitigation plan should be designed to replace appropriate lost
functions and values. In accordance with the NCDWQ Wetlands Rules (15A NCAC 2H.0506
(h)(3) 1, the Wetland Restoration Program may be available for use as stream mitigation.
N. Sediment and erosion, control measures should not be placed in wetlands.
0. The 401 Water Quality Certification application will need to specifically address the proposed
methods for stormwater management. More specifically, stormwater should not be permitted to
discharge directly into the creek. Instead, stormwater should be designed to drain to a properly
designed stormwater detention facility/apparatus.
P. While the use of National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps and soil surveys is a useful office tool,
their inherent inaccuracies require that qualified personnel perform ansite wetland delineations prior
to permit approval.
Mr. William D. t';Rmorc mono
10115101)
I'a-c 3
Thank you for requesting our input at this time. The DOT is reminded that issuance of a 401 Water Quality
Certification requires that appropriate measures be instituted to ensure that water quality standards are met
and designated uses are not degraded or lost. If you have any questions or require additional information.
please contact John Hennessy at (9 1.9) 733-5694.
cc: Steve Lund. Corps of Engineers
Tom McCartney, USFWS
David Cox, NCWRC
Personal Files
Central Files
C:\ncdot\TIP B-4014\comments\B-101 d scoping comments.doc
10/27/2000 12:06 NC STATE HISTORIC PRESERUATION'-) 98546259
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North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Hi.etonc Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
James B. Hunt jn, Governor Division of :Archives and Histoz
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Grow, Directc
June 9, 2000
MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
William D. Gilmore, PI., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Division of Highways
Department of Transportation
David Brook
Deputy State Historireservation Officer
NO. 58E D?1L
Ut ;Y
Replacement of Bridge No. 281 on SR 1358 over Big Horse Creek, TIP No. B-4014,
Ashe County, ER 00-7336
Thank you for your.letter of April 13, 2000, transmitting the survey report by Mattson Alexander &
Associates concerning the above project.
For purposes of compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, we concur that
the following eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under the criterion cited:
Foster Memorial Presbyterian Church is eligible for l'I:sting in the National Register of Historic
Places under Criterion C for Architecture an Criteria Consideration A for Religion as a fine rare
example of the astral stone churches built during the early twentieth century in [Western North
Carolina. We concur with the boundaries as noted on page 12 of the report.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and
the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance Stith Section 106 codified
at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763_
DB:scb
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cc: B. Church Griffith/W. Office
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•,. STATF ,.?
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
ames B. Hunt Jr., Governor Division of Archives and History
3etty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
June 9, 2000
MEMORANDUM
TO: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Division of Highways
Department of Transportation
FROM: David Brook ?? Yz>t??
Deputy State Histori reservation Officer
SUBJECT: Replacement of Bridge No, 281 on SR 138 over Big Horse Creek, TIP No. B-4014,
Ashe County, ER 00-7336
Thank you for your letter of April 13, 2000, transmitting the survey report by Mattson Alexander &
Associates concerning the above project.
For purposes of compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, we concur that
the following eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under the criterion cited:
Foster Memorial Presbyterian Church is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic
Places under Criterion C for Architecture an Criteria Consideration A for Religion as a fine rare
example of the rural stone churches built during the early twentieth century in Western North
Carolina. We concur with the boundaries as noted on page 12 of the report.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and
the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified
at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
DB:scb
cc: B. Church
N. Graf
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Federal Aid i# BRZ-1358(2) TIP 9 B-4014 County: Ashe
CONCURRENCE FORM FOR ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS
Project Description: Replace Bridge No. 281 on SR 1358 over Big Horse Creek
On 3/20/2001, representatives of the
CD North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
C] Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (HPO)
(] Other
Reviewed the subject project and agreed
[] There are no effects on the National Register-listed property/properties located within the project's
area of potential effect and listed on the reverse.
There are no effects on the National Register-eligible property/properties located within the
project's area of potential effect and listed on the reverse.
There is an effect on the National Register-listed property/properties located within the project's
area of potential effect. The property/properties and the effect(s) are listed on the reverse.
There is an effect on the National Register-eligible property/properties located within the project's
area of potential effect. The property/properties and effect(s) are listed on the reverse.
Signed:
Representative NCD , T Date
FHWA, for the Division Administrator, or other Federal Agency We
Representative, HPO Date
State Historic Preservation Officer ate

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Federal Aid li BRZ-1358(2) TIP # B-4014 County: Ashe
Properties within the area of potential effect for which there is no effect. Indicate if property is National
Register-listed (NR) or determined eligible (DE).
C
Properties within the area of potential effect for which there is an effect. Indicate property status (NR or
DE) and describe the effect.
Reason(s) why the effect is not adverse (if applicable).
Initialed: NCDOT?`-'ll?;? FHWA HPO

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State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Bill Holman, Secretary
Kerr T. Stevens, Director
October 15, 1999
MEMORANDUM

A14A
NCDENR
evelopment & Environmental Analysis
To: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager, NCDOT, Proje?t,
E. Hennessy, NC Division of Water Quality ? ?
referenced project. Preliminary analysis of the project reveals that the proposed bridge will span Big Horse
Creek in the New River Basin. The stream is classified as Class C Trout waters. The Division of Water
Quality requests that NCDOT consider the following environmental issues for the proposed project:
Subject: Scoping comments on the proposed replacement of Bridge No. 281 on SR 1358 over the Big
Horse Creek in Ashe County, TIP B-4014, State Project No. 8.211702.
Prom: Reference John your Ecorrespondence dated August 4, 1999, in which you requested scoping comments for the
A. Review of the proposed project reveals the potential for impacts to a class C Trout Waters. Prior to
selecting a preferred alternative, the DOT needs to assess and document all other reasonable and
feasible alternatives. The NCDWQ cannot permit impacts to valuable water supplies that are
otherwise avoidable. Prior to issuance of the 401 Water Quality Certification, the NCDOT will need
to demonstrate the rationale for the selected alternative and all efforts undertaken to ameliorate
impacts.
B. We would like to see a discussion in the document that presents a clear purpose and need to justify
the project's existence. Based on the information presented in your report, we assume that the
Level-of- Service (LOS) is one of the primary reasons for the project. Therefore, the document
should delineate a detailed discussion on the existing Level-of-Service as well as the proposed future
Level-of-Service. The discussion for the future Level-of-Service should consider the Level-of-
Service with and without the project.
C. The document should provide a detailed and itemized presentation of the proposed impacts to
wetlands and streams with corresponding mapping.
D. There should be a discussion on mitigation plans for unavoidable impacts. If mitigation is required,
it is preferable to present a conceptual (if not finalized) mitigation plan with the environmental
documentation. While the NCDWQ realizes that this may not always be practical, it should be noted
that for projects requiring mitigation, appropriate mitigation plans will be required prior to issuance
of a 401 Water Quality Certification.
-) I-, I 1C
1621 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
Mr. William D. Gilmore memo
1 10/15/99
Page 2
E. Review of the project reveals that no Outstanding Resource Waters, High Quality Waters, Body
Contact Waters, or Water Supply Waters will be impacted during the project implementation.
However, impacts to waters classified as Class C Trout waters will be impacted. The DWQ requests
that DOT strictly adhere to North Carolina regulations entitled "Design Standards in Sensitive
Watersheds" (15A NCAC 04B .0024) throughout design and construction of the project. This would
apply for any area that drains to streams having WS (Water Supply), ORW (Outstanding Resource
Water), HQW (High Quality Water), B (Bodv Contact), SA (Shellfish Water) or Tr (Trout Water)
classifications.
F. When practical, the DWQ requests that bridges be replaced on the existing location with road
closure. If a detour proves necessary, remediation measures in accordance with the NCDWQ
requirements for General 401 Certification 27261Nationwide Permit No. 33 (Temporary
Construction, Access and Dewatering) must be followed.
G. The DWQ requests that hazardous spill catch basins be installed at any bridge crossing a stream
classified as HQW or WS (Water Supply). The number of catch basins installed should be
determined by the design of the bridge, so that runoff would enter said basin(s) rather than flowing
directly into the stream.
H. If applicable, DOT should not install the bridge bents in the creek, to the maximum extent
practicable.
I. Wetland and stream impacts should be avoided (including sediment and erosion control
structures/measures) to the maximum extent practical. If this is not possible, alternatives that
minimize wetland impacts should be chosen. Mitigation for unavoidable impacts will be required by
DWQ for impacts to wetlands in excess of one acre and/or to streams in excess of 150 linear feet.
J. Borrow/waste areas should not be located in wetlands. It is likely that compensatory mitigation will
be required if wetlands are impacted by waste or borrow.
K. DWQ prefers replacement of bridges with bridges. However, if the new structure is to be a culvert, it
should be countersunk to allow unimpeded fish and other aquatic organisms passage through the
crossing.
L. If foundation test borings are necessary; it should be noted in the document. Geotechnical work is
approved under General 401 Certification Number 3027/Nationwide Permit No. 6 for Survey
Activities.
M. In accordance with the NCDWQ Wetlands Rules (15A NCAC 2H.0506(b)(6) }, mitigation will be
required for impacts of greater than 150 linear feet to any single perennial stream. In the event that
mitigation becomes required, the mitigation plan should be designed to replace appropriate lost
functions and values. In accordance with the NCDWQ Wetlands Rules f 15A NCAC 2H.0506
(h)(3)), the Wetland Restoration Program may be available for use as stream mitigation.
N. Sediment and erosion control measures should not be placed in wetlands.
0. The 401 Water Quality Certification application will need to specifically address the proposed
methods for stormwater management. More specifically, stormwater should not be permitted to
discharge directly into the creek. Instead, stormwater should be designed to drain to a properly
designed stormwater detention facility/apparatus.
P. While the use of National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps and soil surveys is a useful office tool,
their inherent inaccuracies require that qualified personnel perform onsite wetland delineations prior
to permit approval.
Mr. William D. Gilmore memo
10/15/99
Page 3
Thank you for requesting our input at this time. The DOT is reminded that issuance of a 401 Water Quality
Certification requires that appropriate measures be instituted to ensure that water quality standards are met
and designated uses are not degraded or lost. If you have any questions or require additional information,
please contact John Hennessy at [phone].
cc: Steve Lund, Corps of Engineers
Tom McCartney, USFWS
David Cox, NCWRC
Personal Files
Central Files
(' AncdotAT1P B-4014\comments\8-4014 scoping comments.doc
N. C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
TRANSMITTAL SLIP DATE
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FROM: "'
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ACTION
NOTE AND FILE ? PER OUR CONVERSATION
? NOTE AND RETURN TO ME ? PER YOUR REQUEST
? RETURN WITH MORE DETAILS ? FOR YOUR APPROVAL
? NOTE AND SEE ME ABOUT THIS ? FOR YOUR INFORMATION
? PLEASE ANSWER - Q FOR YOUR COMMENTS
Q PREPARE REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE ? SIGNATURE
? TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION ? INVESTIGATE AND REPORT
COM M ENT$:
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AUG 1:61999
Ip NDS GROUP
'w UALITY S TI®N

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201 E. NORRIS TOLSON
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
August 4, 1998 r
MEMORANDUM TO: Mr. John Hennessy
Division of Water Quality ?•?? ,?
FROM: Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manage
Project Development and Environ ranch
SUBJECT: Request for Comments for Replacement of Bridge Number
281 on SR 1358 over Big Horse Creek, Ashe County, State
Project No. 8.211702, TIP No. B-4014.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation has retained Earth Tech, Inc. to
prepare the planning and environmental study (Categorical Exclusion) for the
replacement of Bridge Number 281 in western North Carolina. The bridge replacement
project is included in the 2000-2006 North Carolina Transportation Improvement
Program (TIP).
The purpose of this letter is to solicit your input concerning the potential impacts
of the proposed project upon the social, economic, demographic, land use, or
environmental conditions near the project. Attached is a vicinity map for the project and
information concerning demolition and removal of the existing structure.
Please note that there will be no formal scoping meeting. This letter constitutes
solicitation for scoping comments related to these projects. To allow us to fully evaluate
the impacts of the proposed project, please respond in writing by September 24, 1999
noting any beneficial or adverse impacts that relate to the interest of your unit, branch, or
agency.
If you have any questions or comments concerning these projects, please contact
Ms. Stacy Harris, P.E. of this Branch at [phone] ext. 264 or Mr. Jim Buck, P.E.,
Earth Tech, Inc. at [phone].
Attachment
BRIDGE DEMOLITION AND REMOVAL INFORMATION
BRIDGE GROUP XX
Proposed Bridge Replacement
SR 1358, Bridge No. 281 over Big Horse Creek
Ashe County
TIP Number:
Structure Number:
B-4014
Bridge #281 (04281)
Superstructure
Structure Type Main:
Deck Structure Type:
Steel I-Beams (Low Water Type)
Timber
Substructure
Reinforced concrete abutments. There are no interior bents.
Maximum potential fill calculation
One reinforced concrete bent in water.
2.5 ft wide x 7 ft height x 19.5 ft width of structure = 341.25 cu ft/27 =12.6 cu yd
VIRGINIA STg7'E LINE
RTH
OLINA STATE LINE'

HUS
BRIDGE SITE

1
BRAN
TUCKERDALE
TENNESS
ASHE
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 281
ON SR 1358 OVER BIG HORSE CREEK
ASHE COUNTY
TIP NO. B-4014
0.4 0 0.4 0.8 Miles
0.5 0 0.5 1 Kilometers
o? NonrH ?1e N.C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ATTENTION:
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
BRIDGE MAINTENANCE UNIT
o,
'*lMFNt OF T1 BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT
TYPE OF INSPECTION Jiula u_ _ --
COUNTY ASS.. BRIDGE NUMBER INSPECTION CYCLE -____2 YRS
ROUTE ACROSS .$M QRSF CREEK-- M.P. ___ _994±QQQ
LOCATION -155 ET.YUC-T,SR-I L2- _ ___ _ -- -.- ---•_--_
SUPERSTRUCTURE
SUBSTRUCTURE
SPANS
PRESENT CONDITION FAIR ____- INVENTORY RATING
INSPECTION DATE OPERATING RATING H S "T
PRESENT POSTING 21/27 2 PROPOSED POSTING No Aan? c
COMPUTER UPDATE 7r/.6.-.9 g....___..r___. ANALYSIS DATE
POSTING LETTER DATE SPECIAL PERMIT
OTHER SIGNS PRESENT
SIGN NOTICE NUMBER
ISSUED FOR REQUIRED
No WEIGHT LIMIT
No SPECIAL PERMIT
Yes DELINEATORS I
No NARROW BRIDGE
No ONE LANE BRIDGE
No LOW CLEARANCE
Photo Looking East
1- L?Mts
Ke+ W.s,
. .
473 77

.,

COPY - NCDOT
=KC %.,o. - 30 -9a,
s "K -? 1
&aoA «
i'
Zf -
FIELD SKETCHES
FOR
SUBSTRUCTURE 3o-s4
BRIDGE ND... COU13+T'.Y?1s? DAT
A --*J

BAGCI?•9GC

ad
__. _ . _. _ ... __? ..? ......_ SECTION A-A .___?.._`...t.r_...?___._
FIGURE 2b
North Carolina - Department of Transportation VIEWS OF BRIDGE FROM RIVER
Division of Highways REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 281
ON SR 1538 OVER BIG HORSE CREEK
Project Development and ASHE COUNTY
Environmental Analysis Branch TIP NO. B-4014
Olt Ta
Looking Downstream at the Bridge.
Looking Upstream at the Bridge.
FIGURE
North Carolina - Department of Transportation EAST AND WEST VIE%
Division of Highways REPLACEMENT OF BRIE
ON SR 1358 OVER BIG
Project Development and ASHE COU
Environmental Analysis Branch TIP NO. B
S OF BRIDGE
aE NUMBER 281
IORSE CREEK
TY
)14

Looking West at the Bridge from SR 1358.
Looking East at the Bridge from SR 1358.