20041720 Ver 1_Complete File_20041025

40
February 17, 2005
waKe
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
WBS: 33138.3.1
TIP NUMBER: B-3530
COUNTY: Wake
DESCRIPTION: Bridge over Buffalo Creek and Approaches on SR-2320 ? n
F U
Mr. Steve Allison EB 2 8 2005
C. C. Man 6105 Chapel H 1 Road Company, LLC WET(,q DENR 6y AIVD - "TER jAL
Raleigh, NC 27607 H
SUBJECT: PRECONSTRUCTION CONFERENCE
Dear Mr. Allison:
This is to confirm the time and date for the Preconstruction Conference for the above referenced project.
The meeting will be held on Wednesday, March 2, 2005 in the Resident Engineer's Office located at 405
Rogers View Court, Raleigh, North Carolina 27610. The Preconstruction Conference is scheduled for 9:00
AM.
Please be prepared to submit your proposed progress schedule and a list of emergency contact personnel at
this conference. Also, invite any subcontractors that you deem necessary. By copy of this letter, all
interested parties are invited to attend. Should additional information be required, please advise.
Sincerely,
S6,yJ--e`71'
S. B. Leonard
Resident Engineer
dµSfATto
OP !7z O
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTWNT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
RESIDENT ENGINEERS OFFICE-ROGERS VIEW COURT
1573 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1573
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW.DOH.DOT.STATE.NC.US
LOCATION:
405 ROGERS VIEW COURT
SUITE 107
RALEIGH NC 27610
M

Mr. Allison
Page 2
February 17, 2005
ec: J. G. Nance, P.E., Division Engineer
C. S. Sweitzer, P.E., State Roadway Construction Engineer
R. A. Hancock, P.E., State Bridge Construction Engineer
T. N. Parrott, P.E., Division Construction Engineer
Dennis Jernigan, P.E., Area Roadway Construction Engineer
Rick Nelson, P.E., Area Bridge Construction Engineer
J. R. Hopkins, P.E., Divisions Operations Engineer
Donald Pearson, Area Roadside Environmental Engineer
Chris Murray, Division Environmental Officer
R. M. Girolami, P.E., Project Engineer
C. L. Jones, P.E., Material and Test
Tinnette Hales, Right of Way
Barry Whitaker, Right of Way Utilities
Brandon Jones, District Engineer
Jeff Allen, Wake County Maintenance Engineer
cc: E. S. Powell, PE, State Construction Engineer
J. T. Womble, Q. A. Supervisor
Nikki Thomson, DWQ
Eric Alsmeyer, USACE
Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Ronnie Moore, Civil Rights and Business Development
Bob Campell, Progress Energy
Kevin Pfautz, Bell South
Filename: Precon Conference
File: Cores. To Contractor
R
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copy
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
041720.
Division of Water Quality
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
October 20, 2004
ATTENTION: Mr. John Hennessy
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
LYNDo TIPPETT
SECRETARY
OCT 212@20WRI
z s zoos
NR - WATER QUALITY
WETLDEDS AND STORMWATER BRANCt 1
SUBJECT: Buffer Certification Application for the replacement of Bridge No. 174
over Buffalo Creek on SR 2320 (Riley Hill Road) in Wake County,
Division 5, Federal Project No. BRZ-2320 (2), State Project No.
82407701, WBS Element 33138.1.1, T.I.P. No. B-3530.
Please find enclosed a copy of the Categorical Exclusion (CE) Document, PCN, permit drawings, design
plan sheets, and mussel survey. The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to
replace Bridge No. 174 over Buffalo Creek. The project involves replacing the 40-foot Bridge No. 174
on existing alignment with a new 100-foot bridge. The proposed bridge will consist of two 12-foot travel
lanes with 8-foot shoulders, 4 feet of which will be paved. Traffic will be maintained by an off-site
detour. The off-site detour will consist of SR 2320, SR 2321, and SR 1003. Buffalo Creek (DWQ Index #
27-57-16-(1)) is a jurisdictional stream under the Neuse Riparian Buffer Rules and is the subject of this
application.
NEUSE RIVER BASIN BUFFER RULES .
As previously noted, this project is located in the Neuse River Basin (NEU06 sub-basin, RUC 03020201).
Therefore, the regulations pertaining to the buffer rules apply. Buffer impacts associated with this project
total 1,742 square feet (0.04 acres) for Zone 1 and 871 square feet (0.02 acres) for Zone 2. All practicable
measures to minimize impacts within buffer zones were followed. Measures used to minimize impacts to
the buffer zone include using the current alignment. According to the buffer rules, bridges are
ALLOWABLE. Uses designated as allowable may proceed within the riparian buffer provided that
there are no practical alternatives to the requested use pursuant to Item (8) of this Rule. These uses
require written authorization from the Division of Water Quality or the delegated local authority.
FEDERALLY-PROTECTED SPECIES
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Proposed
Endangered (PE), Proposed Threatened (PT), are protected under provisions of Section 7 of the
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] CAPITAL BLVD
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS PLB SUITE 168
1598 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE: WWW..NCDOT.ORG RALEIGH NC 27604
RALEIGH NC 27699-1598

Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of January 29, 2003 the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (FWS) lists four federally protected species for Wake County. Table 1 lists
these species and their federal status.
Table 1- Federally Protected S ecies in Wake Conn , NC
Biological
Common Name Scientific Name Federal Status* Conclusion
Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus T (proposed for No Effect
delisting)
Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E No Effect
woodpecker
Dwarf wedge mussel asmidonta heterodon E No Effect
Michaux's sumac usmichauxii
JR E No Effect
* E=Endangered and T=Threatened
A biological conclusion of "No Effect" was givdn for the dwarf wedge mussel based on two surveys
conducted in October 2000 and August 2002 where no dwarf wedge mussels found (see attached letter
dated August 02, 2002). Biological conclusions of "No Effect" were given for the remaining three
species based on lack of suitable habitat. Additionally a review of the Natural Heritage Program
database (last updated on April 7, 2004) revealed no occurrences of federally protected species within
1.0 mile of the project study area.
REGULATORY APPROVAL
NCDOT requests written authorization for a Buffer Certification from the Division of Water Quality.
This project has been reviewed for jurisdiction under the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA). There are no
impacts to Waters of the US, therefore none of the actions of this project fall under jurisdiction of the
CWA. Therefore, no permits pursuant to the CWA are required.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Deanna Riffey at (919) 715-
1409.
Sincerely,
=J K44,< 2
' Gregory Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
Cc:
w/attachment
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, USACE
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Jon Nance, P.E., Division 5 Engineer
Mr. Chris Murray, Division Environmental Officer
Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
w/o attachment
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Omar Sultan, Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Ms. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. John Conforti, Project Planning Engineer
Page 2 of 2

Office Use Only: Form Version May 2002
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No. 04
`
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
1. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
? Section 404 Permit ® Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
? Section 10 Permit ? Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
? 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: Buffer Certification
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (verify availability with NCWRP prior to submittal of PCN), complete
section VIII and check here: ?
5. If your project is located in any of.North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ?
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: NCDOT
Mailing Address: Project.Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address: tg horPe(a-),dot.state.nc.us
2. 'Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number: Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
Page 5 of 13
III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings; or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Replacement of Bridge No. 174 on SR 2320 (Riley Hill) over Buffalo
Creek in Wake County
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): B-3530
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):
4. Location
County: Wake Nearest Town: Raleigh
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): East of Raleigh on 64, left on
Edgemont Road, left on Riley Hill Road (SR 2320), bridge located just past Broughton Road.
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long): 35° 51'40"N, 78° 25'39"W
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
5. Property size (acres): Approximately 1.9 acres
6. Nearest body of water (stream/river/sound/ocean/lake): Buffalo Creek
7. River Basin: Neuse
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at htti)://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
8. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: SR 2320 is a rural minor collector. Land use in the project
area is rural consisting of agricultural and light residential development.
Page 6 of 13
9. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: (see cover
letter)
10. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: Bridge No. 174 is considered to be structurally
deficient and functionally obsolete.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful. information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
N/A
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
Page 7 of 13
r
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: There are only buffer impacts due to
the bridge regplacement. There are no wetland or stream impacts for this project.
2. Individually list wetland impacts below:
Wetland Impact
Site Number
indicate on ma
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
acres) Located within
100-year Floodplain**
es/no Distance to
Nearest Stream
linear feet)
Type of Wetland***
N/A

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps are available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at hqp://www.fema.g .
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.) Indicate if wetland is isolated (determination of isolation to be made by USACE only).
List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: N/A
Total area of wetland impact proposed: N/A
Page 8 of 13
3. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts below:
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Impact Perennial or
Intermittent?
(please specify)
N/A

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated riprap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
stabilization activities (cement wall, riprap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online at
www.usgs.gov. Several internet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www.topozone.com,
www.mapguest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site:
4. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.) below:
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
acres Name Waterbody
(if applicable) e) Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
bay, ocean, etc.
N/A

I I
* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
Page 9 of 13
5. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
Tmnactq are minimized or avoidedrebkcement of a bridize with another bridle. usina the
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic- environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
Page 10 of 13
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strmgide.html.
Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
No mitigation required.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCWRP at
[phone] to determine availability and to request written approval of mitigation prior
to submittal of a PCN. For additional information regarding the application process for the
NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If use of
the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide the
following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state) funds or the use of public
(federal/state) land?
Yes ® No ?
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Page 11 of 13
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ® No ?
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ® No ?
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify.
)?
Yes ® No ? If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(square feet) Multiplier Required
Mitigation
1 1,742 3 N/A
2 871 1.5 N/A
Total 2,613
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0260.
Page 12 of 13
4 4
M. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
N/A
MH. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes E] No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes E] No
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).

`kpplicant/Agent's Signature lhate
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
o In H
Page 13 of 13
? 4
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VICINITY DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
WAKE COUNTY
PROJECT: 8.207701 (B-3530)
MAP BRIDGE 9170 ON
SR 2320 (RILEY HILL ROAD)
OVER BUFFALO CREEK
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PARCEL NO.
ENGLISH
PROPERTY OWNERS
NAMES AND ADDRESSES
NAMES ADDRESSES
d ROBERT A. PERRY (Mailing Address)
5404 Riley Hill Road
Wendell, NC . 27591
QProperty Address)
5501 Riley Hill Road
Wendell, NC 27591
5 TWIN ACRES COUNTRY CLUB INC. 101 Blalock Court
Knightelale, NC 275,45
6 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN PERRY JR. (Mailing Address)
5608 Riley Hill Road
Wendell, NC 27591
QProperty Address)
5632 Riley Hill Road
Wendell, NC 27591
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B - 4'9" DIA. BUTTON HEAD BOLT 7%"/e" LONG WITH NUT FOR BOLTING S"18" ROUTED OFFSET BLOCK TO STEEL POSTS OR
4" DIA. BUTTON HEAD BOLT 18" LONG WITH STD. WASHER UNDER NUT FOR BOLTING TO WOOD POSTS (1 REG. PER LOCATION)
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GUARDRAIL POST ANCHORED TO STRUCTURE:
-USE FULL LENGTH 1/4" BUTT WELDS AT ALL LOCATIONS OF CONTACT BETWEEN THE BASE PLATE, SUPPORT PLATES AND STEEL POST OR STEEL TUBE.
-USE POST AND POST BASE PLATES CONFORMING TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF A.S.T.M. A-36 AND GALVANIZED AFTER FABRICATION TO CONFORM TO A.S.T.M. A-123.
-USE WOOD POSTS WHICH FIT SNUGLY IN THE STEEL TUBE WITH A MAXIMUM OF %" CLEARANCE BETWEEN TUBE WALL AND POST.
NEW STRUCTURES:
-ATTACH POST TO INSERT ASSEMBLY UNITS (USING ANCHOR BOLTS SUPPLIED WITH INSERTS) WHICH HAVE BEEN CAST INTO THE STRUCTURE WRING CONSTRUCTION.
EXISTING STRUCTURES
-USE CONCRETE ANCHORS CONSISTING OF A STUD BOLT WITH NUT AND WASHER. USE STUDS THREMED ON ONE END AND HAVING AN EXPANDED WEDGE ASSEMBLY POSITIONED
AROUND A TAPERED AREA AT THE OTHER END. USE ANCHORS WHICH PROVIDE A MINIMUM SAFE HOLDING POWER OF 2875 LSS. FOR A %" OR 1" DIAMETER BOLT. CALCULATE
HOLDING POWER BASED ON 1/4 THE ACTUAL HOLDING POWER OF THE ANCHOR IN 3500 PSI CONCRETE AS DETERMINED BY AN APPROVED COMMERCIAL TESTING LABORATORY.
-USE ANCHORS GALVANIZED IN ACCORDANCE WITH A.S.T.M. A-153. SIZE HOLES FOR THE CONCRETE ANCHORS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ANCHOR
MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDATIONS. DRILL HOLES WITH A CARBIDE OR DIAMOND TIPPED MASONRY BIT POWERED BY A ROTARY OR ROTARY IMPACT DRILL.
NO OTHER IMPACT TOOLS WILL BE PERMITTED. DRILL HOLES VERTICALLY. FURNISH, DOCUMENTATION OF HOLE SIZE RECOMMENDED FOR THE SPECIFIED ANCHOR TO THE ENGINEER
BEFORE DRILLING HOLES. THOROUGHLY CLEAN HOLES FOR ANCHORS OF ALL CONCRETE CHIPS, DUST, GREASE, OIL, ETC. BEFORE ANCHORS ARE INSTALLED. REPAIR ALL
DAMAGE CAUSED BY THIS WORK TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE ENGINEER.
ANCHORAGE FOR GUARDRAIL POST ON BOX CULVERT
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L

MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
Memorandum To:
Attention:
From:
Subject:
?d
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
August 02, 2002
John Conforti, R.E.M., Project Manager
Consultant Engineering Unit
Lynn Smith, Permit Specialist
Tim Savidge, Section 7 Team
LYNDo TIPPETT
SECRETARY
Freshwater mussel survey report for proposed Replacement of
Bridge # 174 on SR 2320 over Buffalo Creek, Wake County TIP
Project # B-3530.
The proposed project involves replacing Bridge # 174 over Buffalo Creek in
Wake County. The federally Endangered dwarf-wedge mussel (Alasmidonta heterodon)
is listed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service as occurring in Wake County. The dwarf-
wedge mussel has been recorded in Buffalo Creek approximately 24 miles downstream in
Johnston County. Bridge # 174 occurs just below the dam for Perry Pond. Below the
bridge, Buffalo Creek is a braided channel running through a swamp, which is not typical
habitat for the dwarf-wedge mussel. NCDOT Environmental Specialists Logan Williams
and Sue Brady visited the project site on October 20, 2000. Surveys were conducted by
wading using a batiscope from approximately (@) 300 feet downstream to the bridge.
Two eastern elliptio mussels (Elliptio complanata) and 1 relict shell of the paper
pondshell (Utterbackia imbecillis) were found in 1 man-hours of survey time. NCDOT
Environmental Specialists Tim Savidge and Sharon Snider revisited the project site on
August 01, 2002. Surveys were conducted from a point approximately 1000 feet
downstream up to the bridge. Water depth was shallow < 2feet, and the water was turbid.
Tactile methodology was used due to the poor visibility. Mussels were fairly uncommon
(patchy distribution), but easily found. A total of 18 eastern elliptio mussels, 7 paper
pondshell, 3 green lance (Elliptio viridula) and 1 Carolina slabshell (Elliptio congaraea)
were found in 1.5 man-hours of survey time. The introduced Asian clam (Corbicula
fluminea) was present, but rare (2 individuals). The aquatic snail the pointed campeloma
(Campeloma deceisum) was abundant in the creek. The dwarf-wedge mussel was not
found during the surveys.
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE. WWW.DOH.DOT.STATE.NC.US
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC

Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
Based on the survey results, it is apparent that the dwarf-wedge mussel does not
occur in this reach of Buffalo Creek. Although this species has been recorded in Buffalo
Creek at least 24 miles downstream of the project crossing, two impoundment's,
Robertsons Pond and Wendell Lake occur between the subject crossing and the portion of
Buffalo Creek that is occupied by the dwarf-wedge mussel. Because of the distance and
the presence of two lakes between the subject project and occupied habitat, impacts to the
population downstream are not anticipated. It can be concluded that project construction
will not impact this species.
cc.: Va Ph.D., Assistant Branch Manager
Brian Yamamoto, Unit Head
a +
Wake County
SR 2320
Bridge No. 174 Over Buffalo Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-2320(2)
State Project 8.2407701
TIP Project No. B-3530
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
US DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
APPROVED:
9z3Z-'02 In
DATE L. Gail Grimes .E., Assistant Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
NCDOT
DATE Nicholas L. Graf,
?ar Division Administrator, FHWA

Wake County
SR 2320
Bridge No. 174 Over Buffalo Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-2320(2)
State Project 8.2407701
TIP'Project No. B-3530
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
August 2002
Document Prepared by
E A R T H@ T 6 C H
A tgCU m MRM770 Nnt LTD. COMPANY
Edward B. McFalls, P.E.
Project Manager
Earth Tech
? ?((H CAR %.
rq.i ESA
a
for the North Carolina Department of Transportation
Unit Head
Brian F. YamaKering'Unit
Consultant En; Project Development and Environrnentai Aj3alysis Branch
,J?iyr'Conforti, R. ., Hager
onsultant Engineering Unit
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
M, 0

,?JOHN G.
(n: CONFORT
cn I =z
REM ?j
?? . 9766 '?
AIR

SPECIAL PROJECT COMMITMENTS
Wake County
SR 2320
Bridge No. 174 Over Buffalo Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ- 2320(2)
State Project 8.2407701
TIP Project No. B-3530
In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit No. 23 Conditions, the General
Nationwide Permit Conditions, Section 404 Only Conditions, Regional
Conditions, State Consistency Conditions, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best
Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal, NCDOT's Guidelines
for Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, General
Certification Conditions, and Section 401 Conditions of Certification, the
following special commitments have been agreed to by NCDOT:
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch:
The stream impacts associated with the project will likely be lower than the
150 linear-foot (45.7 m) threshold. If it becomes apparent during final design
that more than 150 linear feet (45.7 m) of stream will be impacted, mitigation
measures will be considered.
Categorical Exclusion
August 2002
Wake County
SR 2320
Bridge No. 174 Over Buffalo Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ- 2320(2)
State Project 8.2407701
TIP Project No. B-3530
INTRODUCTION: Bridge No. 174 is included in the 2002-2008 North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Transportation Improvement Program
(TIP) and in the Federal Aid Bridge Replacement Program. The location is
shown in Figure 1. No substantial environmental impacts are anticipated. The
project is classified as a Federal "Categorical Exclusion".
I. PURPOSE AND NEED
NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit records indicate the bridge has a sufficiency
rating of 39 out of a possible of 100 for a new structure. The bridge is considered
structurally deficient and functionally obsolete. The replacement of this
inadequate structure will result in safer and more efficient traffic operations.
11. EXISTING CONDITIONS
SR 2320 (Riley Hill Road) in Wake County is classified as "Rural Minor Collector"
in the Statewide Functional Classification System.
Through the project area, SR 2320 has 18-foot (5.5-meter [m]) wide pavement
with 5-foot (1.5 m) unstabilized shoulders. The right-of-way is 60 feet (18.3 m)
wide. SR 2320 has good vertical and horizontal alignment at the immediate
bridge location. The posted speed limit on SR 2320 is 45 miles per hour
(72 kilometers per hour) near the bridge.
The existing bridge was constructed in 1960. The superstructure consists of a
timber floor on a steel girder floor beam system. The substructure consists of
timber caps on timber piles encased in concrete. The abutments are vertical.
The existing bridge consists of one 40.5-foot (12.3 m) span and the clear
roadway width is 24.4 feet (7.4 m). The crown of the roadway is situated
approximately 8 feet (2.4 m) over the bed of Buffalo Creek. Presently, the posted
weight limit is 17 tons for single vehicles and 21 tons for trucks with trailers. The
bridge is located in a tangent section of SR 2320 and crosses Swift Creek at
approximately 90 degrees. Photographs of the approaches to the existing bridge
are shown in Figure 4.
1
r
The average daily traffic volume on SR 2320 at Bridge No. 174 is approximately
7,400 vehicles per day in 2002. By the design year 2025, the average daily traffic
volume is expected to increase to 12,200 vehicles per day. The projected traffic
volume includes two percent dual-tired vehicles and one percent truck-tractor
semi-trailers. Four school buses each cross the bridge two times daily. SR 2320
is not a designated bicycle route.
Four crashes were reported within 1000 feet (305 m) of Bridge No. 174 in the
period between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2000.
1. Pedestrian collision approximately 370 feet (113 m) from the bridge.
2. Animal collision approximately 210 feet (64 m) from the bridge.
3. Single vehicle ran off the road to the right at one of the bridge
approaches. The vehicle's. estimated travel speed was 60 mph (posted
speed limit is 45 mph).
An underground telephone line is located along the south side of SR 2320. A
dam is located just north of the existing bridge.
III. ALTERNATIVES
A. Project Description
The project replaces the existing bridge over Buffalo Creek with a bridge at
approximately the same location. The bridge will have two 12-foot (3.6 m) lanes
with 8-foot (2.4 m) shoulders. The approaches will have two 12-foot (3.6 m)
lanes with 8-foot (2.4 m) shoulders, 4 feet (1.2 m) of the shoulders being paved.
Figure 3 shows the typical cross-sections of the roadway approaches and
bridge. The proposed design speed is 50 mph.
B. Detailed Study Alternatives
Three alternatives were carried forward for detailed study in this Categorical
Exclusion. Figure 2 shows sketches of all the alternatives listed below.
Alternative 1 replaces the bridge on the existing alignment with a bridge,
while using an off-site detour to maintain traffic during construction. The
off-site detour consists of SR 2320, SR 2321 (Riley Hill Secondary Road),
and SR 1003. The total off-site detour length is approximately 5 miles (8 km).
The off-site detour would require motorist to travel an additional 0.7-mile.
Figure 1 shows the proposed detour.
2
Alternative 2 replaces the bridge on the existing alignment with a bridge,
while using three temporary 72-inch (1.8 m) diameter pipes that are each
64 feet (19.5 m) long to facilitate an on-site detour south of the existing
bridge to maintain traffic during construction.
Alternative 3 replaces the bridge to the south (downstream) of the existing
location with a bridge and will re-align the roadway. Traffic will be maintained
during construction on the existing bridge.
C. Alternatives Eliminated from Further Study
No Action. This alternative consists of short-term minor reconstruction and
maintenance activities that are part of an ongoing plan for continuing operation
of the existing bridge and roadway system in the project area. Many of the
structural elements are decaying or corroding. Decay and corrosion has already
reduced the bridge's safe load-bearing capacity. Although further maintenance
activities will slow the decay, closing the bridge will eventually be necessary.
The replacement of the existing bridge with a culvert was considered but
eliminated from consideration due to the presence of a Natural Heritage
Program-designated Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp and the Neuse River
Buffer Rules. A bridge will serve to minimize impacts to buffer and natural area.
D. Preferred Alternative
Alternative 1, replacing the existing bridge on the existing alignment while using
an off-site detour to maintain traffic during construction, is the preferred
alternative. Alternative 1 was selected because it has the least right-of-way
impacts and relocation impacts (Alternative 3 has 2 relocations), the least
terrestrial and riparian buffer impacts, and the lowest right-of-way and.
construction costs of all the alternatives.
IV. ESTIMATED COSTS
Construction and right-of-way cost estimates for the alternatives studied are
presented below in Table 1.
3
Table 1: Estimated Costs
Preferred
Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3
Structure Removal $8,272 $8,272 $8,272
Structure $146,020 $146,020 $121,940
Roadway Approaches $151,490 $151,490 $700,800
Detour Structure & Approaches NA $325,775 NA
Miscellaneous and Mobilization $137,218 $283,443 $373,988
Engineering and Contingencies $82,000 $160,000 $195,000
Ri ht-of-wa /Utilities/Relocations $37,000 $91,850 $160,100
Total Cost of Alternative $562,000 $1,166,850 $1,560,100
The estimated cost of the project, as shown in the 2002-2008 Transportation
Improvement Program, is $483,000, including $33,000 for right-of-way and
$390,000 for construction. Right-of-way acquisition is scheduled for Federal
Fiscal Year 2002, with construction to follow in Federal Fiscal Year 2003.
V. NATURAL RESOURCES
An evaluation of natural resources in the immediate area of potential project
impact was performed. The evaluation included: 1) an assessment of biological
features in the vicinity of the existing roadway including descriptions of
vegetation, wildlife, protected species, wetlands, and water quality issues; 2) an
evaluation of probable impacts resulting from construction; and 3) a preliminary
determination of permit needs and conceptual mitigation options. The
information included in this report was taken from the Natural Resources
Technical Report, which is on file in the Project Development and Environmental
Analysis Branch.
A. Methodology
Published information and resources were collected- prior to the field
investigation. Information sources used to prepare this report include the
following:
• United States Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangle map (Knightdale,
1981)
• United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands
Inventory (NWI) Map (Knightdale, 1987)
• NCDOT aerial photograph of project area (1:1200)
• Soil Survey of Wake County Area (Natural Resources Conservation
Service [NRCS] 1970)
• North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(NCDENR) basin-wide assessment information (NCDENR, 1996)
• USFWS list of protected and candidate species
4
• North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NHP) files of rare species and
unique habitats
Water resource information was obtained from publications posted on the World
Wide Web by NCDENR Division of Water Quality (DWQ). Information
concerning the occurrence of federally protected species in the study area was
obtained from the USFWS list of protected and candidate species (March 2002),
posted on the World Wide Web by the Ecological Services branch of the
USFWS office in North Carolina. Information concerning species under state
protection was obtained from the NHP database of rare species and unique
habitats. NHP files were reviewed for documented sightings of species on state
or federal lists and locations of significant natural areas.
A general field survey was conducted along the proposed project route by Earth
Tech biologists on August 22, 2000. Water resources were identified and their
physical characteristics were recorded. For the purposes of this study, a brief
habitat assessment was performed within the project area of Buffalo Creek.
Plant communities and their associated wildlife were identified using a variety of
observation techniques, including active searching, visual observations, and
identifying characteristic signs of wildlife (sounds, tracks, scats, and burrows).
Terrestrial community classifications generally follow Schafale and Weakley
(1990) where appropriate and plant taxonomy follows Radford et al. (1968).
Vertebrate taxonomy follows Potter et al. (1980), Martof et al. (1980), and
Webster et al. (1985). Vegetative communities were mapped using aerial
photography of the project site. Predictions regarding wildlife community
composition involved a general qualitative habitat assessment based on existing
vegetative communities.
Jurisdictional wetlands, if present, were delineated and evaluated based on
criteria established in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation
Manual (USACE, 1987). Wetlands were classified based on Cowardin et al.
(1979).
B. Physiography and Soils
The project area lies in the east-central portion of North Carolina within the
Piedmont physiographic province. Elevations in the project area are
approximately 315 feet (96.0 m) above mean sea level (National Geodetic
Vertical Datum, 1929). The topography of the project vicinity is gently rolling with
moderate slopes rising from both riverbanks.
The proposed project is in a rural area in Wake County approximately 4.8 miles
(7.7 km) south of Rolesville, NC. Wake County's major economic resource is
light industry. The population of Wake County in 1990 was 592,218 (North
Carolina Office of State Budget, Planning and Management 1999).
5
Information about soils in the project area was taken from the Soil Survey of
Wake County, North Carolina (USDA, 1970). The map units in the project area
are Appling sandy loam, Durham loamy sand, and Wehadkee soils.
Appling sandy loam is mapped on both sides of Buffalo Creek within the
project area. These soils are sloping to.strongly sloping and well drained.
Although strongly acid, with fertilization many crops can be grown in
Appling soils. Appling soils do not commonly have hydric inclusions. The
depth to the seasonally high water table is greater than 10 feet (3.0 m).
Durham loamy sand is mapped on the north side of Riley Hill Road
immediately east of the pond within the project area. Durham soils are
well drained and are found on rounded low elevation divides. These soils
are suitable for many types of farming and much of the acreage is in
cultivation. Durham soils do not commonly have hydric inclusions. The
depth to the seasonally high water table is greater than 10 feet (3.0 m).
Wehadkee soils are mapped in the Buffalo Creek bed and floodplain
within the project area. This soil is commonly flooded for long periods of
time. Wehadkee soil is nearly level and drains slowly. The seasonal high
water table is at the surface. Most areas of Wehadkee are forested.
Wehadkee is classified as a hydric soil and may also have some hydric
inclusions of Bibb and Roanoke soils.
Site index is a measure of soil quality and productivity. The index is the average
height, in feet, that dominant and co-dominant trees of a given species attain in a
specified number of years (typically 50). The site index applies to fully-stocked,
even-aged, unmanaged stands. The soils in the project area have the following
site indices:
• The Appling and Durham soils have a site index of 75 to 85 for loblolly
pine (Pinus taeda) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera).
• The Wehadkee soils have a site index of 85 to 95 for loblolly pine (Pinus
taeda) and 85 to 100 for yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera).
C. Water Resources
This section contains information concerning water resources likely to be
impacted by the proposed project. Water resources assessments include the
physical characteristics likely to be impacted by the proposed project
(determined by field survey), best usage classifications, and water quality
aspects of the water resources. Probable impacts to surface waters are also
discussed, as well as means to minimize impacts.
6

1. Waters Impacted
The project is located in the Neuse River basin (NEU06 sub-basin, Hydrologic
Unit Code 03020201). Buffalo Creek originates about 3.3 miles (5.2 km) north of
the project area. Immediately upstream of the current bridge location, Buffalo
Creek is dammed to form Perry Pond (1.8 acres). From the project area, the
creek meanders in a southerly direction about 23 miles (37.0 km) to its
confluence with the Little River.
2. Water Resource Characteristics
Buffalo Creek is approximately 15 feet (4.6 m) wide in the study area and flows
south in the project area, forming small riffle-pool sequences. The substrate of
Buffalo Creek at this point consists of about 80 percent coarse sand and gravel
and about 20 percent medium sized cobbles. Cypress knees protrude along the
banks and in the creek bed. The water was brown and semi-opaque the day of
the site visit. The depth ranged from about one foot (30 cm) in pools to less than
6 inches (15 cm) in the riffles.
Both banks are about 18 inches (46 cm) high and are indistinct in places. Natural
levees are not present. The floodplain is low and flat with a few shallow
depressions and sloughs. The creek is about 50 percent shaded by scattered
trees growing on and behind the bank tops. Cypress knees, trees, and
herbaceous vegetation grow along the creek bank.
A small non-jurisdictional drain enters the project area from the northeast and
crosses under the road in a culvert about 260 feet (79.2 m) east of bridge No.
174. The drain then continues parallel to the road and empties into Buffalo Creek
20 feet (6.1 m) downstream of the bridge. In addition, a non-jurisdictional swale
forms a loop on the east side of. Buffalo Creek. No water was observed in the
swale at the time of the site visit.
Surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a classification by the DWQ that
is designed to maintain, protect, and enhance water quality within the state.
Buffalo Creek [Index # 27-57-16-(1)] is classified as a C NSW water body
(NCDENR, 1999). The Class C designation refers to waters protected for
secondary recreation and aquatic life propagation and survival. Secondary
recreation includes wading, boating, and other uses involving human body
contact with water where such activities take place in an infrequent, unorganized,
or incidental manner. There are no restrictions on watershed development
activities.
"NSW" refers to nutrient sensitive waters. These waters require additional
nutrient management to control excessive vegetative and algal growth. In
general, pollution controls require no increase in nutrients above background
levels.
7

No waters classified as High Ouality Water (HOW), Water Supply I or II, or
Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) occur within 1.0 mile (1.6 km) of the
project study area.
3. Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources
Any action that affects water quality can adversely affect aquatic organisms.
Temporary impacts during the construction phases may result in long-term
impacts to the aquatic community. In general, replacing an existing structure in
the same location with an off-site detour is the preferred environmental
approach. Bridge replacement at a new location results in more severe impacts,
and physical impacts are incurred at the point of bridge replacement.
Project construction may result in the following impacts to surface water
resources:
• Increased sediment loading and siltation as a consequence of watershed
vegetation removal, erosion, and/or construction.
• Decreased light penetration/water clarity from increased sedimentation.
• Changes in water temperature with vegetation removal.
• Changes in the amount of available organic matter with vegetation
removal
• Increased concentration of toxic compounds from highway runoff,
construction activities and construction equipment, and spills from
construction equipment.
• Alteration of water levels and flows as a result of interruptions and/or
additions to surface and groundwater flow from construction.
Construction impacts may not be restricted to the communities in which the
construction activity occurs, but may also affect downstream communities.
Efforts will be made to ensure that no sediment leaves the construction site.
NCDOT's Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters will
be implemented, as applicable, during the construction phase of the project to
ensure that no sediment leaves the construction site.
4. Impacts Related to Bridge Demolition and Removal
Demolition and removal of a highway bridge over Waters of the United States
requires a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Effective 9/20/99, this
permit is included with the permit for bridge reconstruction. The permit
application henceforth will require disclosure of demolition methods and potential
impacts to the body of water in the planning document for the bridge
reconstruction.
8
Section 402-2 "Removal of Existing Structures" of NCDOT's Standard
Specifications for Roads and Structures stipulates that "excavated materials shall
not be deposited ...in rivers, streams, or impoundments", and "the dropping of
parts or components of structures into any body of water will not be permitted
unless there is no other practical method of removal. The removal from the water
of any part or component of a structure shall be done so as to keep any resulting
siltation to a minimum." To meet these specifications, NCDOT shall adhere to
Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, as
supplemented with Best Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and
Removal.
In addition, all in-stream work shall be classified into one of three categories as
follows:
Case 1) In-water work is limited to an absolute minimum, due to the
presence of Outstanding Resource Waters or threatened and/or endangered
species, except for the removal of the portion of the sub-structure below the
water. The work is carefully coordinated with the responsible agency to
protect the Outstanding Resource Water or T&E species.
Case 2) No work at all in the water during moratorium periods associated
with fish migration, spawning, and larval recruitment into nursery areas.
Case 3) No special restrictions other than those outlined in Best
Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters and supplements
added by the Bridge Demolition and Removal document, dated 9/20/99.
Buffalo Creek in the vicinity of the proposed project is a Class C water, and is
awarded no special protection. Therefore, Case 3 applies to the proposed
replacement of Bridge No. 174 over Buffalo Creek.
The superstructure consists of a timber deck on top of a timber floor / steel girder
floor beam system. The substructure consists of end bents and internal bents
constructed from timber piles encased in concrete. The maximum potential fill is
4.74 cubic yards (3.62 m ).
D. Biotic Resources
Terrestrial and aquatic communities are included in the description of biotic
resources. Living systems described in the following sections include
communities of associated plants and animals. These descriptions refer to the
dominant flora and fauna in each community and the relationships of these biotic
components. Descriptions of the terrestrial systems are presented in the context
of plant community classifications. Representative animal species that are likely
to occur in these habitats (based on published range distributions) are also cited.
Scientific nomenclature and common names (when applicable) are used for the
9
a ?
plant and animal species described. Subsequent references to the same species
are by the common name only.
1. Plant Communities
Three plant (terrestrial) communities were identified within the project area: a
disturbed roadside community, a floodplain forest, and a maintained landscape.
Dominant faunal components associated with these terrestrial areas will be
discussed in each community description. Many species are adapted to the
entire range of habitats found along the project alignment, but may not be
mentioned separately in each community description.
a. Disturbed Roadside Community
This community covers the area adjacent to the road shoulders in the project
area. Woody vegetation is cut back on a periodic basis to keep the roadway
clear. Species include red maple (Acer rubrum), sweetgum (Liquidambar
styraciflua), American elm (Ulmus americana), poison ivy (Toxicodendron
radicans), trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera
japonica), and a goldenrod (Solidago sp.).
The animal species present in these disturbed habitats are opportunistic and
capable of surviving on, a variety of resources, ranging from vegetation to both
living and dead faunal components. Northern mockingbird. (Mimus polyglottos),
starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and American robin (Turdus migratorius) are common
birds that use these habitats. The area may also be used by the Virginia
opossum (Didelphis virginiana), various species of mice (Peromyscus sp.),
Eastern garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis), and American toad (Bufo
americanus).
b. Floodplain Forest Community
This community occurs along the banks of Buffalo Creek. Canopy species
include bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), red maple, loblolly pine (Pious
taeda), American elm, and sweetgum. The understory includes American holly
(Ilex . opaca), musclewood (Carpinus caroliniana), sweetbay (Magnolia
virginiana), and dogwood (Corpus amomum). Herbaceous species present
include false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis),
spotted jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), lizard's tail (Saururus cemuus), and
netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata). This community probably represents a
marginal example of a Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp (Brownwater
Subtype) as described by Schafale and Weakley (1990). The TNC classification
is most likely I.C.3.N.b.060 Pious taeda - Quercus (pagoda, michauxii,
shumardil) Temporarily Flooded Forest Alliance. This community has also been
identified by the Natural Heritage Program as an important Coastal Plain Small
Stream Swamp.
10
Small isolated pockets of hydric soil occur within the floodplain forest community.
The individual pockets of hydric soil are generally 50 square feet (230 m) in
size. These areas occupy less than one-tenth of an acre of the project area.
Raccoon (Procyon lotor) and beaver (Castor canadensis) may be expected here,
along with belted kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon), Carolina wren (Thryothorus
ludovicianus), and eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina).
c. Maintained Landscape
This community occurs outside of the Buffalo Creek floodplain throughout the
project area. It consists of residential lawns, agricultural fields, and pasture.
Residential lawns are found on both sides of Riley Hill Rd. east of Buffalo Creek.
Scattered trees and ornamental shrubs are located in the lawns. The agricultural
field on the south side of Riley Hill Rd. near the eastern extent of the project area
was planted in soybeans. The pasture located in the southwestern portion of the
project area contains scattered open grown hardwoods.
Bird species likely to inhabit this community include tufted titmouse (Parus
bicolor, and Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis). Other inhabitants may
include eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis),
and black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta).
2. Aquatic Communities
Within the project area, Buffalo Creek is a mid-gradient, second-order stream.
The bed material consists of coarse sand and gravel, and cobbles, with a small
percentage of silt. On the day of the site visit, the water was coffee colored with
suspended sediment. The riparian community is mostly deciduous trees. No
aquatic vegetation was seen rooted in the creek bed.
3. Anticipated Impacts to Biotic Communities
Project construction will have various impacts to the previously described
terrestrial and aquatic communities. Any construction activities in or near these
resources have the potential to impact biological functions. This section
quantifies and qualifies potential impacts to the natural communities within the
project area in terms of the area impacted and the plants and animals affected.
Temporary and permanent impacts are considered here along with
recommendations to minimize or eliminate impacts.
a. Terrestrial Communities
Terrestrial communities in the project area will be impacted permanently by
project construction from clearing and paving. Estimated impacts are based on
11
.
the length of the alternate and the entire study corridor width. Alternative 1 is
100 feet (30.5 m) wide and 2,088 feet (636.4 m) long. Alternative 2 is 100 feet
(30.5 m) wide, 2,088 feet (636.4 m) long for the replacement, and 1,147 feet
(349.6 m) long for the detour. Alternative 3 is 100 feet (30.5 m) wide and
2,106 feet (641.9 m) long. Table 2 describes the potential impacts to terrestrial
communities by habitat type. Because impacts are based on the entire study
corridor width, the actual loss of habitat will likely be less than the estimate.
Table 2: Estimated Area of Impact to Terretrial Communities
Area of Impact in Acres Hect ares
Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Altern ative 3
Community Temp. Perm. Temp. Perm. Temp. Perm.
Maintained Roadside 0.0 0.0 0.3(0.1) 0.3(0.1) 0.3(0.1) 0.0(0.0) 0.4(0.2)
Flood lain Forest 0.0(0.0) 0.4(0.1) 1.0(0.4) 0.4(0.1) 0.0(0.0) 1.2(0.5)
Maintained
Landscape 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 0.7 (0.3) 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 2.5 (1.0)
Total Impact 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 2.0(0.8) 0.7(0.2) 0.0(0.0)
4.1 1.7
Destruction of natural communities along the project alignment will result in the
loss of foraging and breeding habitats for the various animal species that utilize
the area. Animal species will be displaced into surrounding communities. Adult
birds, mammals, and some reptiles are mobile enough to avoid mortality during
construction. Young animals and less mobile species, such as many amphibians,
may suffer direct loss during construction. The plants and animals that are found
in the upland communities are generally common throughout the piedmont of
North Carolina.
Impacts to terrestrial communities, particularly in locations having steep to
moderate slopes, can result in the aquatic community receiving heavy sediment
loads as a consequence of erosion. Construction impacts may not be restricted
to the communities in which the construction activity occurs, but may also affect
downstream communities. Efforts should be made to ensure that no sediment
leaves the construction site.
b. Wetland Communities
The Knightdale, NC NWI map shows a palustrine forested seasonally flooded
wetland occupying the floodplain of Buffalo Creek in the proposed project area.
However, no jurisdictional wetlands were observed the day of the site visit.
Buffalo Creek meets the definition of surface waters, and is therefore classified
as Waters of the United States. The channel is 15 feet (4.6 m) wide within the
project area.
c. Aquatic Communities
Impacts to aquatic communities include fluctuations in water temperatures as a
result of the loss of riparian vegetation. Shelter and food resources, both in the
12

aquatic and terrestrial portions of these organisms' life cycles, will be affected by
losses in the terrestrial communities. The loss of aquatic plants and animals will
affect terrestrial fauna, which rely on them as a food source.
Temporary and permanent impacts to aquatic organisms may result from
increased sedimentation. Aquatic invertebrates may drift downstream during
construction and recolonize the disturbed area once it has been stabilized.
Sediments have the potential to affect fish and other aquatic life in several ways,
including the clogging and abrading of gills and other respiratory surfaces,
affecting the habitat by scouring and filling of pools and riffles, altering water
chemistry, and smothering different life stages. Increased sedimentation may
cause decreased light penetration through an increase in turbidity.
Wet concrete should not come into contact with surface water during bridge
construction. Potential adverse effects can be minimized through the
implementation of NCDOT Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface
Waters. Erosion control methods will be implemented as included in NCDOT's
Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters and Erosion and
Sediment Control Guidelines.
E. Special Topics
1. "Waters of the United States": Jurisdictional Issues
Wetlands and surface waters fall under the broad category of 'Waters of the
United States" as defined in 33 CFR § 328.3 and in accordance with provisions
of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). The U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (USACE) regulates these waters. Any action that proposes to dredge
or place fill material into surface waters or wetlands falls under these provisions.
No wetlands will be impacted by the project.
Project construction cannot be accomplished without infringing on the surface
waters. Anticipated surface water impacts fall under the jurisdiction of the
USACE and the DWQ. Within the project area, Buffalo Creek is 15 feet (4.6 m)
wide. Assuming a study corridor of 100 feet (30.5 m) for each alternative, the
construction of the new bridge will impact 100 linear feet (30.5 m) of stream, and
a total area of 1500 square feet (139.4 sq m) of surface waters.
2. Permits
Impacts to jurisdictional surface waters are anticipated from the proposed
project. Permits and certifications from various state and federal agencies may
be required prior to construction activities.
13

Construction is likely to be authorized by Nationwide Permit (NWP) No. 23, as
promulgated under 61 FR 2020, 2082; January 15, 2002. This permit authorizes
activities undertaken, assisted, authorized, regulated, funded, or financed in
whole or in part, by another Federal agency or department where that agency or
department has determined that, pursuant to the Council on Environmental
Quality Regulations for Implementing the Procedural Provisions of the National
Environmental Policy Act:
the activity, work, or discharge is categorically excluded from
environmental documentation because it is included within a category of
actions which neither individually nor cumulatively have a significant effect
on the human environment; and
the Office of the Chief Engineer has been furnished notice of the agency's
or department's application for the categorical exclusion and concurs with
that determination.
This project will also require a 401 Water Quality Certification or waiver thereof,
from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) prior to
issuance of the NWP 23. Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that the
state issue or deny water certification for any federally permitted or licensed
activity that results in a discharge into Waters of the U.S. Final permit decision
rests with the USACE.
Because this project will likely be authorized under a Nationwide Permit,
mitigation for impacts to surface waters may or may not be required by the
USACE. In accordance with the Division of Water Quality Wetland Rules [15A
NCAC 211 .0506 (h)] "Fill or alteration of more than one acre of wetlands will
require compensatory mitigation; and fill or alteration of more than 150 linear feet
of streams may require compensatory mitigation." Because wetland impacts will
be less than an acre, wetland mitigation likely will not be required. A total of
100 linear feet (30.5 m) of Buffalo Creek is located in the study area. If the final
length of stream impact is greater than 150 linear feet (45.6 m), compensatory
mitigation may be required.
3. Buffer Rules
Pursuant to 15 NCAC 2B .0233, Riparian Area Rules for Nutrient Sensitive
Waters in the Neuse River Basin apply to this project. The rules state that roads,
bridges, stormwater management facilities, ponds, and utilities may be allowed
within the 50-foot riparian buffer area of subject streams where no practical
alternative exists. They also state that these structures shall be located,
designed, constructed, and maintained to have minimal disturbance, to provide
maximum erosion protection, to have the least adverse effects on aquatic life
and habitat, and to protect water quality to the maximum extent practical through
the use of best management practices. Every reasonable effort will be made to
avoid and minimize stream impacts.
14
Estimated impacts to the riparian buffers are quantified in Table 3 below.
Impacts to Zone 1 are based on a buffer width of 30 feet (9.1 m) measured
landward from the top of bank or rooted vegetation. Impacts to Zone 2 are .based
on a buffer width of 20 feet measured from the outer edge of Zone 1. Both
Buffalo Creek and the small tributary from the west appear on the Wake County
Soil Survey maps and are therefore subject to the rules. An on-site determination
by NC DWQ personnel may exempt the tributary from the rules. If this occurs the
impacts in Table 3 will be significantly lowered. The Neuse Buffer Certification
would be obtained from NC DWQ in conjunction with a 401 Water Quality
Permit.
Table 3: Estimated Impacts to Riparian Buffers
Neuse Buffer Impact in Acres Hectares
Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3
Temp. Perm. Temp. Perm. Temp. Perm.
Zone 1 0.0(0.0) 0.24 0.10) 0.16 0.06 0.24 0.10 0.0(0.0) 0.41 0.17)
Zone 2 0.0 0.0) 0.23 (0.09 0.14 0.06 0.23 0.09) 0.0 (0.0 0.25 0.10
otal Impact 0.0(0.0) 0.47 (0.19) 1 0.30 0.12 0.47 0.19 0.0(0.0) 0.66 0.27
F. Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of plants and animals are declining either as a result of natural
forces or their difficulty competing with humans for resources. Rare and
protected species listed for Wake County, and any likely impacts to these
species as a result of the proposed project construction, are discussed in the
following sections.
1. Federally Protected Species
Plants and animals with a federal classification of Endangered (E), Threatened
(T), Proposed Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected
under provisions of Section 7 and Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended.
The USFWS lists four species under federal protection in Wake County as of
March 2002. These species are listed in Table 4.
15
Q r
Table 4: Species Under Federal Protection in Wake County
Common Name Scientific Name Federal Status
Vertebrates
Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Threatened
(proposed to be
delisted
Red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis Endangered
Invertebrates
Dwarf wedge mussel Alasmidonta heterodon Endangered
Vascular Plants
Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxii Endangered
Notes: Endangered-A species that is threatened with extinction throughout all or a significant
portion of its range.
Threatened-A species that is likely to become an endangered species within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
A brief description of the characteristics and habitat requirements of each
species follows, along with a conclusion regarding potential project impact.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle) Threatened (proposed to be delisted)
Family: Accipitridae
Federally Listed: 1967
A large raptor, the bald eagle has a wingspread of about 7 feet (2.1 m). Its
plumage is mainly dark brown, and adults have a pure white head and tail. First
year juveniles are often chocolate brown to blackish, sometimes with white
mottling on the tail, belly, and underwings. The head and tail become
increasingly white with age until full adult plumage is reached in the fifth or sixth
year. An opportunistic predator, the bald eagle feeds primarily on fish but also
takes a variety of birds, mammals, and turtles (both live and as carrion) when
fish are not readily available.
The bald eagle is primarily riparian, associated with coasts, rivers, and lakes,
usually nesting near bodies of water where it feeds. Selection of nesting sites
varies tremendously depending on the species of trees growing in a particular
area. In the Southeast, nests are constructed in dominant or codominant pines
or cypress. Nests are usually constructed in living trees, but bald eagles will
occasionally use dead ones.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
While suitable nesting sites exist in pine and cypress trees, Buffalo Creek and
Perry Pond are not large enough to provide an adequate food source for bald
eagles. A review of the NHP files did not reveal any records of bald eagles in the
project vicinity. It can be concluded that the project will not impact this threatened
species.
Picoides borealis (red-cockaded woodpecker) Endangered
16
t •
Family: Picidae
Federally Listed: 1970
The red-cockaded woodpecker is 7 to 8 inches (18 to 20 cm) long with a
wingspan of 14 to 15 inches (35 to 38 cm). There are black and white horizontal
stripes on its back, and its cheeks and underparts are white. Its flanks are black
streaked. The cap and stripe on the side of the neck and the throat are black.
The male has a small red spot on each side of the black cap. After the first post-
fledgling molt, fledgling males have a red crown patch. This woodpecker's diet is
composed mainly of insects, which include ants, beetles, wood-boring insects,
caterpillars, and com ear worms if available. About 16 to 18 percent of their diet
includes seasonal wild fruit.
Open stands of pines with a minimum age of 80 to 120 years, depending on the
site, provide suitable nesting habitat. Longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) are most
commonly used, but other species of southern pine are also acceptable. Dense
stands (stands that are primarily hardwood or that have a dense hardwood
understory) are avoided. Foraging habitat is provided in pine and pine hardwood
stands 30 years old or older with foraging preference for pine trees 10 inches (25
cm) or larger in diameter. In good, well stocked pine habitats, sufficient foraging
substrate can be provided on 80 to 125 acres (32 to 50 ha).
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Within the project area, no suitable red-cockaded woodpecker habitat exists.
These birds are not associated with cypress-hardwood riparian areas or
maintained habitats. A search of the NHP files did not reveal any records of red-
cockaded woodpeckers in the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the project
will not threaten this endangered species.
Alasmidonta heterodon (dwarf wedge mussel) Endangered
Family: Unionidae
Federally Listed: 1990
The dwarf wedge mussel's shell rarely exceeds 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in length. It's
also the only North American freshwater mussel that has two lateral teeth on the
right valve, but only one on the left (Fuller, 1977). The female's shell is inflated in
the back where the marsupial gills are located. Little is known about the species'
life history and reproductive cycle. Gravid females have been observed from late
August until June (Clarke, 1981). Like other freshwater mussels, this species'
eggs are fertilized in the female as sperm passes through its gills; the resulting
larvae than attaches to a fish host. Although this host is still unknown, strong
evidence suggests that it is an anadromous fish, which migrates from the ocean
into freshwater to spawn.
17
The dwarf wedge mussel inhabits creek and river areas with a slow to moderate
current and a sand, gravel, or muddy bottom. These areas must be nearly silt
free. In North Carolina the dwarf wedge mussel exists in the Neuse and Tar
River basins.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Based on the survey results, it is apparent that the dwarf-wedge mussel does not
occur in this reach of Buffalo Creek. Although this species has been recorded in
Buffalo Creek at least 24 miles downstream of the project crossing, two
impoundment's, Robertsons Pond and Wendell Lake occur between the subject
crossing and the portion of Buffalo Creek that is occupied by the dwarf-wedge
mussel. Because of the distance and the presence of two lakes between the
subject project and occupied habitat, impacts to the population downstream are
not anticipated. It can be concluded that project construction will not impact this
species.
Rhus michauxii (Michaux's sumac)
Family: Anacardiaceae
Federally Listed: 1989
Endangered
Michaux's sumac or false poison sumac is a densely hairy shrub with erect
stems, which are 12 to 36 inches (30 to 90 cm) in height. The shrub's compound
leaves are narrowly winged at their base, dull on their tops, and veiny and slightly
hairy on their bottoms. Each leaf is finely toothed on its edges. Flowers are
greenish-yellow to white and 4-5 parted. Each plant is unisexual. With a male
plant the flowers and fruits are solitary, with a female plant all flowers are
grouped in 3 to 5 stalked clusters. The plant flowers from April to June; its fruit, a
dull red drupe, is produced in October and November.
Michaux's sumac grows in sandy or rocky open woods in association with basic
soils. Apparently, this plant survives best in areas where some form of
disturbance has provided an open area. Eleven of the plant's 16 remaining
populations are on highway rights-of way, roadsides, or on the edges of
artificially maintained clearings. Two other populations are in areas with periodic
fires, and two more populations exist on sites undergoing natural succession.
One population is situated in a natural opening on the rim of a Carolina bay.
Currently, the plant is known to survive in the following North Carolina Counties:
Richmond (6 populations), Hoke (3 populations), Scotland (2 populations),
Franklin (1 population), Davie (1 population), Robeson (1 population), and Wake
(1 population).
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
No habitat exists in the project area for Michaux's sumac. The soils in the project
area are all acidic. A search of the NHP database found no occurrences of
18
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Michaux's sumac in the project vicinity. In addition, Earth Tech biologists
conducted a field survey for Michaux's sumac and found no occurrences in the
project area. It can be concluded that the project will not impact this endangered
species.
2. Federal Species of Concern
Federal Species of Concern (FSC) are not legally protected under the
Endangered Species Act and are not subject to any of its provisions, including
Section 7, until they are formally proposed or listed as Threatened or
Endangered. Table 5 includes FSC species listed for Wake County and their
state classifications. Organisms which are listed as Endangered (E), Threatened
(T), or Special Concern (SC) on the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program list
of Rare Plant and Animal Species are afforded state protection under the State
Endangered Species Act and the North Carolina Plant Protection and
Conservation Act of 1979. However, the. level of protection given to state-listed
species does not apply to NCDOT activities.
Table 5: Federal Species of Concern in Wake County
Common Name Scientific Name State
Status Habitat
resent
Vertebrates
Bachman's sparrow Aimophila aestivalis SC No
Southeastern myotis Myotis austrodparius SC Yes
Pinewoods shiner Lythrurus matutinus SR No
Carolina Darter Etheostoma collis lepidinion none No
Southern hognose snake Heterodon simus SR No
Invertebrates
Diana fritillary butterfly Speyeria diana SR No
Atlantic pigtoe Fusconaia mason T No
Green floater Lasmigona subviridus E No
Yellow lance Elliptio lanceolate T No
Vascular Plants
Carolina least trillium Trillium pusillum var. pusillum E No
Sweet pinesap Monotropsis odorata C No
Key: T = Threatened, E = Endangered, SC = Special Concern, C = Candidate, SR = Significantly
Rare
Bog spicebush does not appear on the March 2002 USFWS list of protected
species for Wake County, however this species is listed by the NO NHP on their
website (last updated July 2001) as a Federal Species of Concern. John
Finnegan, Data Systems Manager of the NO NHP, stated on August 21, 2001
19
that the NC NHP has one record of bog spicebush from northern Wake County
in 1997.
No FSC species were observed during the site visit, and none are recorded at
NHP as occurring within 2.0 miles (3.2 km) of the project area.
3. Summary of Anticipated Impacts
The proposed project is not anticipated to impact any threatened or endangered
species.
VI. CULTURAL RESOURCES
A. Compliance Guidelines
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, implemented by the Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified as
36 CFR Part 800. Section 106 requires that Federal agencies to take into
account the effect of their undertakings (federally-funded, licensed, or permitted)
on properties included in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of
Historic Places and afford the Advisory Council a reasonable opportunity to
comment on such undertakings.
B. Historic Architectural Resources
All structures within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) were photographed, and
later reviewed by the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). None of the
properties were considered eligible, and in a concurrence form dated
June 1, 2000 the SHPO concurred that there are no historic architectural
resources either listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic
Places within the APE. A copy of the concurrence form is included in the
Appendix.
C. Archaeological Resources
An archaeological survey was done in the project's APE. During the course of
the survey, no prehistoric or historic archaeological sites were located within the
area. Due to absence of cultural material, the investigator recommended that no
further archaeological investigation be conducted in connection with this project.
The SHPO, in a memorandum dated April 5, 2002 concurred with this
recommendation since the project will not involve significant archaeological
resources.
20
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Anticipated impacts to the resources in the project area are described in this
section. The project is considered to be a Federal "Categorical Exclusion"
because of its limited scope and insignificant environmental consequences. The
project is expected to have an overall positive impact. Replacement of the
inadequate bridge will result in safer traffic operations.
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or zoning regulation.
No significant change in land use is expected to result from construction of the
project.
No adverse effect on public facilities or services is anticipated. The project is not
expected to adversely affect social, economic, or religious opportunities in the
area.
No adverse effect on families or communities is anticipated. Right-of-way
acquisition will be limited. No residences or businesses will be relocated.
There are no publicly owned parks, recreational facilities, or wildlife and
waterfowl refuges of national, state, or local significance in the vicinity of the
project.
The Farmland Protection Policy Act requires all federal agencies or their
representatives to consider the potential impacts to prime and important
farmland soils by all land acquisition and construction projects. Prime and
important farmland soils are defined by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation
Service. No prime or important farmlands will be impacted by the proposed
project. In addition, the proposed project is anticipated to be limited to the
existing right of way, and the land use adjacent to the project is residential.
This project is an air quality "neutral" project, so it is not required to be included
in the regional emission analysis (if applicable) and a project level CO analysis is
not required. This project is not anticipated to create any adverse effects on the
air quality of this attainment area.
Traffic volumes will not increase or decrease because of this project. There are
no receptors located in the immediate project area. The project's impact on noise
and air quality will not be significant.
Noise levels could increase during construction but will be temporary. If
vegetation is disposed of by burning, all burning shall be done in accordance
with applicable local laws and regulations of the North Carolina SIP for air quality
in compliance with 15 NAACO 2D.0520. This evaluation completes the
assessment requirements for highway traffic noise (23 CFR Part 772) and for air
quality (1990 CAAA and NEPA), and no additional reports are required.
21
r
An examination of records at the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, Groundwater Section and the
Division of Waste Management revealed neither underground storage tanks,
hazardous waste sites, regulated or unregulated landfills, nor dump sites in the
project area.
Wake County is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
Flood Insurance Study maps for Wake County show that Bridge No. 174 is
located in a FEMA 100-year floodplain. Replacement of this bridge is not
expected to affect the 100-year floodplain.
On the basis of the above discussions, it is concluded that no significant adverse
environmental effects will result from implementation of this project.
VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
A newsletter was circulated in October 2001 to inform residents in the area of the
proposed project. No comments have been received as a result of the
newsletter.
IX. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY ,
There are no areas of controversy on this project.
X. AGENCY COMMENTS
A. Federal
The United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resource Conservation
Service provided a letter stating they had no comments on the project. No other
federal agencies provided written comments. Other agencies were contacted
and some provided verbal or email input.
B. State
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, October 8, 2001: Their
standard comments apply. They are not aware of any threatened or endangered
species in the project vicinity.
22
FIGURES
• M
O
1
CO `
M
O
O
r
lJ JonesI
(Study
i' creel"
Hodgss Mid)
Natural Heritage
Occurence
f

-t.
Charles H.
Lorton Farm i
(Stud List) z
o/
BRIDGE SITE sR23
NHP
NATURAL.
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c
? O M SR
c
? .c
A p
(fmr.) I
El. S
(Study
1X0
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 1
VICINITY MAP
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 174
ON SR 2320 OVER BUFFALO CREEK
WAKE COUNTY
TIP NO. B-3530
0.5 0 0.5 1 Miles

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Looking downstream from the bridge.
7,
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 4a
VIEWS OF BRIDGE
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 174
ON SR 2320 OVER BUFFALO CREEK
WAKE COUNTY
TIP NO. B-3530
Looking at the downstream side of the bridge.

Looking west at bridge.
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 4b
VIEWS OF BRIDGE
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 174
ON SR 2320 OVER BUFFALO CREEK
WAKE COUNTY
TIP NO. B-3530

A
810ilh, Creek
s(h7 9. Stream (i
1.
i 2318 '
,1.
I

M YY Vii SH
0 1000 3000 5000
cF HORM °4A North Carolina - Department of
Transportation
o Division of Highways
A A
9tT N9Q°?? Project Development and
aFT?'" Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 5
FEMA 100 - YEAR FLOODPLAIN MAP
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 174
ON SR 2320 OVER BUFFALO CREEK
WAKE COUNTY "
TIP NO. B-3530

APPENDIX

nited States
epartment of
gricutture
.atuml
:esources
:onservation
service
405 Siand Rd.
Suite 205
Weigh, NC 27609
919) 873-2134
USDA
October 30, 2000
Mr. John Conforti
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Dear Mr. Conforti:
Thank you for the opportunity to provide comments on Bridge Group XXVIII bridge
replacement projects listed below:
TIP Project
No. County Bridge
Number Road Carried Stream Crossed
B-3643 Granville 72 SR1004 (Providence Rd.) Hachers Run
B-3644 Granville 226 SR1120 (Veasey Rd.) Knap of Reeds Creek
B-3645 Granville 201 SR 1435 (Davis Chapel Rd.) Little Grassy Creek
B-3653 Halifax 162 SR1450 (Branch Rd.) Chockoyotte Creek
B-3853 Halifax 82 NC561 Marsh Swamp
B-3702 Vance 19 SR 1305 (Barker Rd.) Flat Creek
B-3915 Vance 21 SR 1303 (Hicksboro Rd.) Flat Creek
B-3521
1 Wake 273 SR 1006 (Old Stage Rd.) Middle Creek
B-3523 Wake 525 SR 1300 (Kildaire Farm Rd.) Swift Creek
B-3530 Wake 174 SR 2320 (Riley Hill Rd.) Buffalo Creek
B-3703 Wake 317 SR 1404 (Johnson Pond Rd.) Middle Creek
B-3704 Wake 108 SR 1834 (Norwood Rd.) Lower Bartons Creek
B-3705 Wake 125 SR 2045 (Burlington Mills Rd.) Smiths Creek
B-3917 Wake 311 SR 1379 (Penny Rd.) Lake Wheeler (Swift
Cr.)
B-3918 Wake 127 SR 2044 (Ligon Mill Rd.) Tom Creek
The Natural Resources Conservation Service does not have any comments at this time.
Sincerely,
Mary K.%ombs
State Conservationist
Tne Natural Resources Conservation Service works hand-in-hand with the AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
American people to conserve natural resources on private IanC
?w
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
James B. Hunt Jr., Governor Division of Archives and History
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
November 18, 2000
MEMORANDUM
TO: William D. Gilmore, PE, Manager .
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
NC Department of Transportation
FROM: David Brook
Deputy State Historic reservation Officer
RE: Replacement of Bridge No. 174 on SR 2320, B-3530
Bridge Group XKVIII, Wake County, ER 01-7791
Thank you for your memorandum of October 2, 2000, concerning the above project.
Duke Farm (WA 1390), located on State road 1903
We recommend an architectural historian on your staff evaluate the above property to
determine its eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and report
the findings to us.
Given the close proximity of Perry Pond, it is likely that a mill or mill site is within the
project area. We recommend that an archaeological survey be conducted within the area
of potential effect (APE) of the proposed bridge replacement and any discovered
archaeological sites be evaluated for their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register
of Historic Places.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for
Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the
above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review
coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
cc:
Tom Padgett, NCDOT
_35%
Location Mailing Address Telephone/Fax
. MINISTRATION 507 N. Blount St., Raleigh NC 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4617 [phone] • 733-865S-
.
ARCHAEOLOGY 421 N. Blount St., Raleigh. NC 4619 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4619 [phone] • 715-2671
RESTORATION 515 N. Blount St., Raleigh NC 4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4613 [phone] - 715-4801
SURVEY & PLANNING 515 N. Blount St., Raleigh NC 4618 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4618 [phone] - 715-4801

North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L S. Brook, Administrator
Michael F. Easley, Governor
Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary
Office of Archives and History
April 5, 2002
MEMORANDUM
TO: William D. Gilmore, Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Division of Highways
Department of Transportation
FROM: David Brook vmtkt;y",
Gl
Division of Historical Resources
David J. Olson, Director
SUBJECT: Archaeological Su:dWy Report, Bridge No. 179 on SR 2320 over Buffalo Creek, 8.2407701,
Federal Project No. BRZ-2320(2), B-3530, Wake County, ER 01-7791 and ER 02-9329
We have received the archaeological survey report by Nick Bon-Harper for the above project from Matt
Wilkerson of your staff.
During the course of the survey, no prehistoric or historic archaeological sites were located within the area.
Due to the absence of cultural material, Mr. Bon-Harper has recommended that no further archaeological
investigation be conducted in connection with this project. We concur with this recommendation since the
project will not involve significant archaeological resources.
The report meets our office's guidelines and those of the Secretary of the Interior. Specific concerns and/or
corrections which need to be addressed in the preparation of a final report are attached for the author's use.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulatibh§ for "Compliiddd, tiz Sec6ofi-106-cot3ified-at 36 CFR
Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above comment,
please contact Renee Gledlvll-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763. In all future
communication concerning this project, please cite the above-referenced tracking number.
Enclosure
cc: FHWA
Matt Wilkerson, NCDOT
Deborah Joy, Legacy Research A:
Location
Administration 507 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC
Restoration 515 N. Blount St. Raleigh . NC
Survey & Planning 515 N. Blount St, Raleigh. NC
sociates, Inc.
Mailing Address Telephone/Fax
4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4617 (919) 73314763 •733-8653-
4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4613 [phone] •715-4801
4618 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4618 (919) 73314763 9715-4801

Specific Comments, Archaeological Survey Report
Replacement of Bridge No. 179 on SR 2320 over Buffalo Creek
Wake County, TIP No. B-3530, ER 02-7791 & ER 02-9329
1. The report needs to include the amount of acreage surveyed for this project
2. Page 5, last paragraph: The survey of Raleigh-Durham Airport covered 7200 acres, not 72,000
acres.
3. Page 7, paragraph 4: Most of the reports cited as research non-compliance investigations were
conducted in compliance with Section 106 or Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation
Act. These include Candey 1992; Claggett & Cable 1982; Cultural Resource Group 1990; Eastman
and Lautzenheiser 1992; Gossett & Gossett 1975; McCormick 1970; Gunn et al. 1997a-b and
Little-Stokes 1979.
4. The excavations conducted.by Claggett and Cable 1982 and the survey by McCormick 1970 took
place in Chatham County, not Wake County.

Feclerul.4id =BRZ-2320(21 TIP =B-3530 f'UUntl?
CONCURRENCE FORM FOR PROPERTIES `OT ELIGIBLE FOR THE NA
REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
Project Description: Replace Bridge No. 174 on SR 2320 over Buffalo Creek
On June 1, 2000, representatives of the
Q/ North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
[D/ Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
M/ North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)
Reviewed the subject project at
Fj a scoping meeting
photograph review session/consultation
other
All parties present agreed
there are no properties over fifty years old within the project's area of potential effect.
[D/ there are no properties less than fifty years old which are considered to meet Criterion
Consideration G within the project's area of potential effect.
there are properties over fifty years old (list attached) within the project's area of potential effect.
but based on the historica information available and the photographs of each property, properties
identified as P 1 1 - 06re considered not eligible for the National
Register and no fu er evaluation of them is necessary.
there are no National Register-listed properties located within the project's area of potential effect.
Signed:

FHWA. for the Division Administrator. or other Federal Asency
S
ric Preservation Officer
Date
611
/?Zv
Date
Date

C
1:5, ?" -p-
If a sUr%e% report is prepared. (111,11 tout tai 111t> {01-111 L111 d 111; 11t:1chr I1?i w'il't b1- Ill:itl3el.
a RCWRC,HCP,FALLS-LAKE TEL:[phone]' ;
Oct 08'01 10:11 No.001 P.02
15 - -3 53a
D North Carolina WA e Resources Commission
Chules R Fullgvocd, F44!cudvc Director
TO: Yvonne G. G. Howell., PE
Earth Tech .
FROM: David Cox, k ighwa?-P? eject iC ISM r i
Habitat Conservationrograzzr
DATE: October 8, 2001 .
SUBJECT: NCDOT Bridge Replacements in .Crranvilfe, Halifax, Vance, and Wake counties
of North Carolina. TIP Nos.. Bx3643, B-3644, B-3645, B-3653, B-3853, B-3702,
B-3915,13-3521, B-3523,13-3330, )?-s703, B-3704, B-3705, B-3917, and B-3918.
Biologists with the N. C. Wildlife Resourc's Comirission (NCWRC) have reviewed the
information provided and have the f411owiny pieliairinary 6omments on the subject project. Our
comments are provided in accordance with provisions of the.National Environmental Policy Act
(42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16
U.S.C. 661-667d).
On bridge replacement proj,cts ofthia scope. bur staudard recommendations are as
follows:
1. We generally prefer spanning stluct?es. Spamiing structures usually do not require
work within the strcaml and-do not require,Atream channel realignment. The horizontal
and vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for human and wildlife passage
beneath the structure, does not block.fish•passxge, and does not block navigation by
canoeists and boaters.
y
2. Bridge cluck drains should not discharge `directly into the stream.
3. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the stream.
4. 1f possible, bridge supports (bents) -should not be placed in the stream.
5. If temporary access roads or detours are constructed, they should be removed back to
original ground elevations. immediately upon the completion of the project. Disturbed
areas should be seeded or mulched to stabilize the soil and native tree species should
be planted with a spacing of not more than,Wx10'. If possible, when using temporary
structures the area should be cleared but not grubbed. Clearing the area with chain
Mailing Address: Divisinu of Tnlan.ct Fisheries n 172 t M-61 Se!, VIC
' e Center - Raleigh, NC 27699-1721
Telephone: [phone] ext. 2.91 • Fir... [phone]
N-WRC,-HCP,FRLLS LAKE TEL:919-528_9839';x, .-.Oct .08,01 10:12 No.001 P.03
Bridge Memo October 8, 2001
saws, mowers, bush-hogs, or other niec*ized equipment and leaving the stumps and
root mat intact, allows'the.are9a to i-eve?etA naturally and minimizes disturbed soil.
b. A clear bank (riprap free) area,of at.leastl0 feet. should remain on each side of the
steam underneath the bridge.
7. In trout waters, the N.C. ; lVildlif6 Reso s C6mmission reviews all U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers nationwide and.geneml '404' emits. We have the option of
requesting additional measures to ptect trout and trout habitat and we can
recommend that the project require aii:iiadividu?l'404' permit.
t
S. In streams that contain threatened; or endangered Species, NCDOT biologist Mr. Tim
Savidge should be notified. Special measures to protect these sensitive species may be
required. NCDOT shouldalso contact the U.S.: Fish and Wildlife Service for
information on requ mnac nts of this Endangered,.-Species Act as it relates to the project.
9. In streams that are used by anadromous.faih, the NCDOT official policy entitled
"Stream Crossing Guide),ines for Anadromous Dash Passage (May 12, 1997)" should
be followed,
10. In areas with significant,rsheries for.su s?asonal exclusions may also be
recommended.
11. Sedimentation and erosion control Measures sufficient to protect aquatic resources
must be implemented prior to any, gr tifid.diswi-bing activities. Structures should be
maintained regularly, especially fbllowiaigrainhll events.
12. Temporary or permanent herbaceouii.,vegetation should be planted on all bare soil
within 15 days of ground ciis:turbing activities to provide long-term erosion control.
13. All work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area.
Sandbags, rock berms, cotferdairis, or'.other diversion structures should be used
where possible to prevent excavatiQn"ips::flowing*water.
14. Heavy equipment should lie operated-fi°orn the bank rather than in stream channels in
order to minimize sedirnontation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other
pollutants into streams,
15. Only clean, sediment-free rock should be used as temporary fill (causeways) , and
should be removed without excesgive disturbai oe of the natural stream bottom when
construction is completes, '
16. During subsurface investigations;equipmenit should be inspected daily and
maintained to prevent contazztinatien o f smfare livaters from leaking fuels, lubricants,
hydraulic fluids, or other.t?xic ma.lerials.. "
If corrugated metal pipe arches, reasii'o,ed. ggerete.pipes, or concrete box culverts are
used:
The culvert must be designed to allow for fish passage. Generally, this means that the
culvert or pipe invert is buried at Icast 1,.A?ut below the natural stream bed. If
multiple cells arc required the second. aud/ur third cells should be placed so that their
bottoms are at stream bankful stage (similar to LyonsfieId design). This could be

=' CWR€ HCP, FALLS LAKE TEL :919_528•-98.39 ~ : r Oct' 08' 01 10:12 No .001 P.04
Bridge Memo
October 8, 2001
accomplished by constriir,#ing a 1ta'.sill tin the 4pstream end of the other cells that
will divert low flows to `M6iher dJll: T a will dllow sufficient water depth in the
culvert or pipe during normal flowa-td aoconuhodate fish movements. If culverts are
long, notched baffles should be placed, in reinforced concrete box culverts at 15 foot
intervals to allow for the collection of aedimenp4 in the culvert, to reduce flow .
velocities, and to provide, resting p14ce `for fish and other aquatic organisms moving
through the structure. r .
2. If multiple pipes or cells are used,,: at least one Pine or box should be designed to
remain dry during normal flows ta'allow for wildlife passage,
3. Culverts or pipes should. be situated so that no channel realignment or widening is
required. Widening of the stream channel -at the, inlet or outlet of strictures usually
causes a decrease in water velocity causing sedimmw deposition that will require future
maintenance.
4. R.iprap should not be placed on the :siream.,bed, .
In most cases, we prefer the replaccraim `of 60 exiati'g structure at the same location
with road closure, If road closure is not feasiblbp rwtempo Wy detour should be designed and
located to avoid wetland impacts, lttr.niixrnza theT for c earin and to avoid destabilizing
stream batiks. If the structure will be; on a now ?ligaunent;'the old structure should be removed
and the approach fills removed from the 100-year floodg lain. Approach fills should be removed
down to the natural ground elevation,,. The are,i.should bo stAbilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. If the area that it reclaim-tk ,,w. ".p. revk4usly wetlands, NCDOT should restore
the al'ot to wo laguis. if irceessM, the sitema';rbt Wiw.as w,t; an mitigation or the subject
project or other projects in the watersha
Project specific comments:
1. B-3643 - Granville County - Bridge No. 71-ovcr:katchers Run. Standard comments apply.
We are not aware of any threatened of cadapgptcd. species in the project vicinity,
2. B-3644 - Granville County - Bridge No. 226 over:Knap of Reeds Creek. NCDOT should be
aware that NCWRC has designated NCW C'pmolands;in the vicinity of this bridge.
Impacts to gameland properties should be ivoided. There are also records of state listed
mussels upstream of the project. lrharefore;'due.to. the potential for impacts to listed species
we request that NCDOT perform 4 mussel survoy prior to the construction of this bridge.
3. B-3645 - Granville County - Bridge No. OI Q!ez Littip Grassy Creek, Standard comments
apply. We are not aware of any threatened of endangered species in the project vicinity,
4. B-3653 - Halifax County- Bridge No. 162 ove .6hockv .yotte Creek. Due to the potential for
anadromous fish at this location, XCDOT shoul 'closely Follow the "Stream Crossing
Guidelines for Anadromous Fish Passage".:Tnis auOudes an in-water work moratorium from
February 15 to June 15, We are not aware cif imy rbreat,.ned of endangered species in the
project vicinity. Standard commaits apply.;
5, B-3853 -Halifax County -Bridge No, 82 over Marsh Swamp. Standard conments apply.
We are not aware of any threatened of endogered specim in the project vicinity.
NCWRC --NCP , FALLS LAKE TEL : [phone] Oct 08'01 10:13 No. 00.1 P.05
y •
Bridge Memo
October 8, 2001
6. B-3702 - Vance County - Bridge No,
are not aware of any threatened of en4
7. B-3915 .-Vance County- Bridge No.
are not aware of any threatened..of end
r.
Flat'Creek. Standard comments apply. We
spe64i iii the project vicinity.
Flat Creek. Standard comments apply. We
_ specie in the project vicinity.
8. B-3521- Wake County - Bridge No 273 :aver=,Midd1® Creek. Due to the potential for
anadromous fish at this locatioi4.NCDO'r should closely follow the "Stream Crossing
Guidelines ror Anadromous Fish Passag ". n includes an in-water work moratorium from
February 15 to June 15. There are also records of state.-listed mussels upstream of the
project. Therefore, due to the potential-fbr impacts to listed species we request that NCDOT
perform a mussel survey prior tb the c0nstru6fi iri of this bridge. Standard comments apply.
9. B-3523 - Wake County - Bridge No, 5? ovz,'§Wift Creek. Standard comments apply, We .
are not aware of any threatened of endangered species in the project vicinity.
10. B-3530 - Wake County - Bridge No. 1744ver Buffalo, reek. Standard comments apply.
We are not aware of any throat iced of ea a er®d species in the project vicinity.
11. B-3703 - Wake County - Bridge'No. 317 over'laliddle Creek. There are records of state
listed mussels upstream of the project. W=herefore, due to the potential for impacts to listed
species we request that NCDOT perfornna'ra0asel survey prior to the construction of this
bridge. Standard comments apply.
12. B-3704 - Wake County -- Bridge ,,Nr?..IO? a?rei:Lt?wer l3r?rtorts Creek. Standard comments
apply. We are not aware of any thrci tend oaf endangwed species in the project vicinity.
13. B-3 705 - Wake County - Bridge No. 125w nas'C; 3ek. Standard comments apply.
We are not aware of any threatened of eud6ser species in the project vicinity.
-1 d. 13-3017 Wake County - nlisge`No. 311 :ov-er;r.Lazo Wheeler (Swift Creek). Standard
comments apply. We are not aware of anY*;thr?taned of endangered species in the project
vicinity.
15. B-3918 -Wake County - Bridge_No. 127Pver:Tom Creek Standard comments apply. We
are not aware of any threatened of a clan$ire4 species ia;.the project vicinity.
We request that NCDOT routinely mir&iaaize: adverae'impacts to fish and wildlife
resources in the viciuuty of bridge replacements. 'Tlie I1tC100Z' should install and maintain
sedimentation control measures throughout the lif ;of the project and prevent wet concrete from
contacting water in or entering into these strew ;;•Reylaceraent of bridges with spanning
structures of some type, as opposed th pipe or b6j,eulverts, -is recommended in most cases.
Spanning structures allow wildlife passage alo "Str?'erabanl0s, reducing habitat fragmentation
and vehicle related mortality at highway crossia?gs. ...;
r
If you need further assistance or infof<atian 9n'i 1CVVRC concerns regarding bridge
replacements, please contact me at (}19) 528-9886.-Thank-you for the opportunity to review and
comment on these projects. ,

r
nV ?A?4
Vin
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
9y°s??AF?OG
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 9?'?
MICHAEL F. EASLEY DAVID !V WOY
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
July 8, 2005
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615
ATTN: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
NCDOT Coordinator
o41720,1- z
Subject: Notice of Nationwide 3 Use for the replacement of Bridge No. 174
over Buffalo Creek on SR 2320 (Riley Hill Road) in Wake County,
Division 5, Federal Project No. BRZ-2320 (2), State Project No.
82407701, WBS Element 33138.1.1, T.I.P. No. B-3530.
Dear Sir:
Per our conversation on June 13, 2005, please find enclosed a courtesy copy of the permit
drawings and wetland delineation forms. The North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) is in the process of replacing Bridge No. 174 over Buffalo Creek. The project
involves replacing the 40-foot Bridge No. 174 on existing alignment with a new 100-foot bridge.
The proposed bridge will consist of two 12-foot travel lanes with 8-foot shoulders, 4 feet of
which will be paved. Traffic will be maintained by an off-site detour. The off-site detour will
consist of SR 2320, SR 2321, and SR 1003. Buffalo Creek (DWQ Index # 27-57-16-(1)) is a the
only jurisdictional stream in the project area.
This project was permitted under DWQ Buffer Certification # 041-720 on November 30, 2004
for buffer impacts only. On May 31, 2005 and June 14, 2005 site visits were made to determine
presence or absence of wetlands located within the project area. It was determined that several
small wetlands were located adjacent to the bridge within the right of way. The project was
already under construction when wetlands were discovered. Partial areas within the wetlands
had been filled during development of fill slopes. Therefore, NCDOT took the conservative
approach in determining the wetland line by using the original toe of slope and moving outward
to project boundary. A total of 0.10 acres of wetland will be impacted by permanent fill for road
widening and placement of two 42-foot reinforced concrete pipes to retain the hydraulic
connection between the wetlands and the ephemeral stream.
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] CAPITAL BLVD
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS PLB SUITE 168
1598 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE: WWW.NCDOT.ORG RALEIGH, NC 27604
RALEIGH NC 27699-1598
The NCDOT anticipates that these activities will be authorized by Nationwide Permit No. 3, per
our conversation on June 13, 2005. NCDOT will follow the conditions set by a Nationwide
Permit No. 3 and by DWQ Water Quality Certification #3494.
NCDOT is providing this notice as a courtesy resource with the understanding that no written
concurrence is required and no mitigation is necessary. If you have any questions or need
additional information, please contact Deanna Riffey at [phone]. Thank you in advance
for your help in this important matter.
Sincerely,
G, Grego J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
Cc:
w/attachment
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ (2 Copies)
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Michael Street, NCDMF
Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Jon Nance, P.E., Division Engineer
Mr. Chris Murray, DEO
w/o attachment
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Omar Sultan, Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. John Conforti, PDEA
2
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DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
Project/Site: Date:
Applicant/Owner. Ale J)Afi
/ County: (du ?

State NC
.,
investigator a^-
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? Y Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes
t Transect ID:
t ID:
???•
Pl
Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes
o ?
o
(If needed, explain on reverse.)
STATION
VEG
Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator

2. 1'11A71-' er . i.
3. L l rl DWi!srl /, 4G/44 FPr.G.. j rr, C, .
II
11.
i
4._?/ rd1%s?%r ,
(-0WI;n1,611 -r-_ -et.G 121

g, •,i f ?c f t tf ` 14.
7. VI;P?hPUA,
8. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW or FAC
(excluding FAC-).

Remarks:

7 ? Y¦{V ?.V w ,
Y? Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks):
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs .
?_.Other
No Recorded Data Available
Field Observations:
Depth of Surface Water:

Depth to Free Water in Pit:
Depth to Saturated Soil:
(in.)
0 (in.)
(in.)
Wedand Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators:
Inundated
_ Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
_ Water Marks
_ Drift Lines
_ Sediment Deposits
_ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary indicators (2 or more required):
_ Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
_ Water-Stained Leaves
_ Local Soil Survey Data
_ FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name ?J a
(Series and Phase): /TJr'/J? //^? 9`'G?1/?'lr/? at f• ry,? 10a 0.1 ?
Drainage Class: C'l?cr/ /?P

Taxonomy (Subgroup): / Field Observations
Confirm Mapped Type? Yes No
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
inches Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structure, etc.
o-Cn o , 3
- `? !0
V" S to /0y
`?'?3 /JAI
`

Hydric Soil Indicators:
_ Histosol Concretions
_ Histic Epipedon _
_ High Organic Content in Surface Layer in Sandy Soils
Sulfidic Odor _ Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
Aquic Moisture Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Soils List
Reducing Conditions _ Listed on National Hydric Soils List
Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? No (Circle) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes
Hydric Soils Present? Yea o Is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? Yes No
Remarks:
Approved by H U A t! 2
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
Project/Site: Date: `/p /Or
Applicant/Owner: C 2 0 T County: 44ake
. _
Investigator: 1)' 111,',x' and r 1n0JA_fmN State:
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? s') -No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Y 'es Transect ID:
is the area a potential Problem Area? yes No Plot ID:
(If needed, explain on reverse.)
vrn_r-reTtnnl
ant Plant Species Stratum
Domi indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
n
1. / 1?4 ?!/? AUSrr r);s h/ tIA/ l T_ 00L- 3.

2. ,?GZUrviuS r PtNulctS. ORL
1e.
9
F
3. M 112: t°irt °IY t S e 1 1. 1
?
r
0

lrsrrr?rr*r 14
V

013 L

1 ?.
6.Fdrd tFF? "r.?rwfr C. (Alf 14.
ts.
a t s.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL. FACW or FAC
100170
(excluding FAC-).

Remarks:
uvnonl Ar':V

__?(Recordsd Date (Describe in Remarks): Wedend Hydrology Indicators:
_ Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge Primary. Indicators:
?r Aerial Photographs Inundated
'Other _ Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
_
No Recorded Date Available _ Water Marks
Drift Lines
_
i
D

Field Observations: ts
epos
Sediment
Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary. Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: -fn.) _ Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
Water-Stained Leaves
Depth to Free Water in Pit: Q (in.) _
Local Soil Survey Data
X FAC-Neutral Test
Depth to Saturated Soil: Q (in.) _ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase):
I/1/P.{ IG??IP ? X /f //
!? V/
41 Drainage Class: PIvv 4 kr' P"".
Feld Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Confirm Mapped Type? Yes No
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
inches Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance /Contrast Structure, etc.
o -? 163l? - ; L-

/r
e
o
"
z
Hydric Soil Indicators: '
_ Histoso! Concretions
Histic Epipedon
Sulfidic Odor _ High Organic Content in Surface Layer in Sandy Sails
O
i
S
I
rgan
c
treaking in Sandy Soils
_ Aquic Moisture Regime >1 Listed on Local Hydric Soils List
Reducing Conditions
Gieyed or Low-Chrome Colors _ Listed on National Hydric Soils List
O
h
E
t
er (
xplain in Remarks)
Remarks:
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Y / No (Circle) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology Present? Y No
Hydric Soils Present? a No Is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? Ye No
Remarks:
.. ^.e
Approved by HQUSACE 2192
i
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O? W AT ?9
p?
QG
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Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
vS
C)LA ki Zv
DWQ Project No.:f County:
wA?
Applicant: N Z- ? oT
Project Name: $ r 124 o u+r ')-qZR!7 Creek 0^ S f- 7-72-0 $ -- 3 S 3 v
Date of Issuance of 401 Water Quality Certification: 1( (3 D J
NUU1Idei F. cuo;ey, uuvc,;;u;
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Certificate of Completion
Upon completion of all work approved within the 401 Water Quality Certification or applicable Buffer Rules, and
any subsequent modifications, the applicant is required to return this certificate to the 401/Wetlands Unit, North
Carolina Division of Water Quality, 1621 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC, 27699-1621. This form may be
returned to DWQ by the applicant, the applicant's authorized agent, or the project engineer. It is not necessary to
send certificates from all of these.
Applicant's Certification
I, U" c,A C N" can c: , hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due care and diligence
was used in the observation of the construction such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial
compliance and inte 401 Water Quality Certification and Buffer Rules, the approved plans and
specifications, anm^%l terials.
?/ 7 ZO
Signature: Date: 7?f
Agent's Certificati
I, , hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due care and diligence
was used in the observation of the construction such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial
compliance and intent of the 401 Water Quality Certification and Buffer Rules, the approved plans and
specifications, and other supporting materials.
Signature: Date:
Engineer's Certification
Partial Final
I, as a duly registered Professional Engineer in the State of North
Carolina, having been authorized to observe (periodically, weekly, full time) the construction of the project, for the
Permittee hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due care and diligence was used in the observation of the
construction such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial compliance and intent of the 401
Water Quality Certification and Buffer Rules, the approved plans and specifications, and other supporting materials.
Signature Registration No.
Date
AUG 2 2 2006
DENR ?W vr%DWAMIER BRANCH
Transportation Permitting Unit
1650 Mal Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] /FAX [phone] / Internet: httpJ/h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetiands
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer - 50% Recycled/10% Post Consumer Paper

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F WAIF Michael F. Easley, Governor
Q
Q pG William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
`
Uj 7 Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
> y Division of Water Quality
CQ `C
November 30, 2004
Wake County
DWQ No. 0411720
APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification
Dr. Gregory J. Thorpe, PhD, Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina, 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
You have our approval, in accordance with the conditions listed below, to impact 2,613 square feet (1,742 square feet
of Zone 1 and 871 square feet of Zone 2) of protected Neuse ripariakn buffer for the purpose of replacing Bridge No.
174 over Buffalo Creek on SR 2320 (Riley Road) in Wake County. This approval shall act as your Authorization
Certificate as required within the Neuse River Riparian Buffer Rules 45A NCAC 2B .0233). In addition, you should
get any other required federal, state or local permits before you procee'? with your project including (but not limited to)
Sediment and Erosion Control.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your application dated received on
October 25, 2004. If you change your project, you must notify us and you may be required to send us a new
application. If the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of this authorization and approval letter and
is thereby responsible for complying with all conditions. For this approval to be valid, you must follow the
conditions listed below. If total wetland fills for this project (now or in the future) exceed one acre, or if total
impacts to streams (now or in the future) exceed 150 linear feet, compensatory mitigation may be required as
described in 15A NCAC 211.0506 (h) (6) and (7). For this approval to remain valid, you must adhere to the
conditions listed in the attached certification.
1.) Upon completion of the project, the NCDOT shall complete and return the enclosed "Certification of
Completion Form" to notify DWQ when all work included in the 401 Certification has been completed. The
responsible party shall complete the attached form and return it to the 401/Wetlands Unit of the Division of
Water Quality upon completion of the project.
2.) All stormwater runoff shall be directed to sheetflow through stream buffers at nonerosive velocities, unless
approved otherwise by this certification.
3.) During the construction of the project, no staging of equipment of any kind is permitted in waters of the U.S., or
protected riparian buffers.
4.) When the old bridge is removed, no discharge of bridge material into surface waters is preferred. Strict
adherence the Corps of Engineers guidelines for bridge demolition will be a condition of the 401 Water Quality
Certification.
5.) Riparian vegetation must be reestablished within the construction limits of the project by the end of the growing
season following completion of construction.
IVoe Carolina
Transportation Permitting Unit ?' ?rQ«?
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] /FAX [phone] / Internet: http://h2o.enr.state.no.us/ncwetlands
A.. 0......I n ............:...inul.«,.,f:..., n,.N- r.,,..1.,,,e. _ C.noi D-InAlInOl D-f Cn o-ar Do-

6.) The dimension, pattern and profile of the stream above and below the crossing should not be modified by
widening the stream channel or reducing the depth of the stream. Disturbed floodplains and streams should be
restored to natural geomorphic conditions.
7.) Any riprap used must not interfere with thalweg performance and aquatic life passage during low flow
conditions.
8.) All mechanized equipment operated near surface waters must be regularly inspected and maintained to prevent
contamination of stream waters from fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or other toxic materials.
9.) Discharging hydroseed mixtures and washing out hydroseeders and other equipment in or adjacent to surface
waters is prohibited.
10.) The outside buffer, wetland or water boundary located within the construction corridor approved by this
authorization shall be clearly marked by highly visible fencing prior to any land disturbing activities. Impacts
to areas within the fencing are prohibited unless otherwise authorized by this certification.
11.) There shall be no excavation from or waste disposal into jurisdictional wetlands or waters associated with this
permit without appropriate modification of this permit. Should waste or borrow sites be located in wetlands or
streams, compensatory mitigation will be required since it is a dZrect impact from road construction activities.
12.) Pursuant to NCAC15A 2B.0233(6), sediment and erosion control?levices shall not be placed in Zone 1 of any
Neuse Buffer without prior approval by the NCDWQ. At this time, the NCDWQ has approved no sediment and
erosion control devices in Zone 1, outside of the approved project i?pacts, anywhere on this project. Moreover,
sediment and erosion control devices shall be allowed in Zone 2 of the buffers provided that Zone 1 is not
compromised and that discharge is released as diffuse flow.
13.) Heavy equipment must be operated from the banks rather than in the stream channel in order to minimize
sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutants into the stream.
14.) No live or fresh concrete shall come into contact with waters of the state until the concrete has hardened
15.) The presence of equipment in the channels must be minimized. Under no circumstances must rock, sand or
other materials be dredged from the wetted stream channel under authorization of this permit, except in the
immediate vicinity of the culverts.
16.) All work shall be performed during low or normal flow conditions.
17.) All fill slopes located in jurisdictional wetlands shall be placed at slopes no flatter than 3:1.
18.) A copy of this Water Quality Certification shall be posted on the construction site at, all times. In addition, the
Water Quality Certification and all subsequent modifications, if any, shall be maintained with the Division
Engineer and the on-site project manager.
19.) All protected riparian buffers impacted by the placement of temporary fill or clearing activities shall be restored
to the preconstruction contours and revegetated with native woody species upon completion of the project
construction. A post-construction as-built with the restoration activities included shall be submitted to the
DWQ no later than 60 days after the project is closed out by the Department of Transportation.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask. for an adjudicatory hearing. You must
act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing, send a written petition that conforms
-i to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447,
Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7447. This certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing.

This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. If you
have any questions, please contact Nicole Thomson at 919-715-3415.
e
Alan W. Klimek, P.E.
JEH/njt
Attachment
cc:
Wilmington District, US Army Corps of Engineers
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, US Army Corps of Engineers, Raleigh Field Office
Mr. Jon G. Nance, P.E., Division 5 Engineer, 2612 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5Environmental Officer, 2612 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704
NC DWQ Raleigh Regional Office
Central Files
File Copy
c:\Correspondence\DWQ041720\112204wgc.doc