20110403 Ver 1_401 Application_20110411

E NG IN EERI NG 8c H YDROG EOLOGY
231 HAYWOOD STREET, ASHEVILLE, NC 28801
TEL.[phone] FAC.828.281.3351
WWW.ALTAMONTKNVIRONMZNTAL.COM
201 10403
April 25, 2011
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
United States Army Corps of Engineers
151 Patton Avenue
Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
Mountain Region Coordinator p D
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission'
20830 Great Smoky Mtn. Expressway
Waynesville, North Carolina 28786' ??' ?''? X011
DBR - WATEr? QUALITY
Subject: Pre-Construction Notification Submittal WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BMKH
UT to White Oak Creek Streambank Stabilization Project
Polk County, North Carolina
To whom it may concern,
On behalf of the Polk County Soil and Water Conservation District, please find attached a Pre-Construction
Notification form and appendices for the subject site.
We appreciate your time and consideration on this project. Please feel free to call or respond with any
questions or comments.
Sincerely,
AL-T ONT VIRONMENTAL, INC.
f
Joel D. Lenk, P.G.
Enclosures: Pre-Construction Notification
Cc: Sandra Reid, Polk County Soil and Water Conservation District
PAPolk SWCD NRCS\DWR Barber Adawehi 2010\PCN\PCN Cover Letter 02112011.Docx
201 10403
` r^ CF WATF9
O? QG
1 1
Office Use Only:
Corps action ID no.
DWQ project no.
Form Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Pre-Construction Notification PCN Form
A. Applicant Information a IF VA
1. Processing AL AM
1 a. Type(s) of approval sought from the
Corps:
®Section 404 Permit El Section 10 Permit
1 b. Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: 13 or General Permit (GP) number:
1c. Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps? ® Yes ? No
1 d. Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
® 401 Water Quality Certification - Regular ? Non-404 Jurisdictional General Permit
? 401 Water Quality Certification - Express ? Riparian Buffer Authorization
1 e. Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required? For the record only for DWQ 401
Certification:
? Yes ® No For the record only for Corps Permit:

? Yes ® No
1f. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in-lieu fee program proposed for mitigation
of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in-lieu
fee program. ? Yes ® No
1g. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1h
below. ? Yes ® No
1 h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)? ? Yes ® No
2. Project Information
2a. Name of project: UT to White Oak Creek Streambank Stabilization Project
2b. County: Polk
2c. Nearest municipality / town: Columbus, NC
2d. Subdivision name: The project is not located within a subdivision
2e. NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state
project no: This is not a NCDOT project
3. Owner Information
3a. Name(s) on Recorded Deed: 1) Barber, Robert ET UX; Barber, Evangelina 2) Woods, Jacqueline G. 3) Woods,
Jacqueline G.
3b. Deed Book and Page No. 1) Book 208, Page 2108 2) Book 230, Page 1990 3) Book 352, Page 353
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable): Not applicable
3d. Street address: 1) 1616 Fox Mountain Road 2) 134 Adawehi Lane 3) 262 Upward Trail
3e. City, state, zip: Columbus, NC 28722
3f. Telephone no.: 1) [phone] 2) [phone] 3) [phone]
3g. Fax no.: Not available
3h. Email address: [e-mail] rin /7 r= r-%
L!5 ,aWLE3 0
APR 2 8 2011
DENR • WATER QUALITY
Page 1 of 12 1NMMDSANDSTORMWATERgRA"
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
4. Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is: ® Agent ® Other, specify: Unit of Government, Project Sponsor
4b. Name: Ms. Sandra Reid
4c. Business name
(if applicable): Polk County Soil & Water Conservation District
4d. Street address: #4 Annex Building
4e. City, state, zip: Columbus, North Carolina, 28722
4f. Telephone no.: [phone]
4g. Fax no.: [phone]
4h. Email address: [e-mail]
5. Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a. Name: Joel l-enk
5b. Business name
(if applicable): Altamont Environmental, Inc.
5c. Street address: 231 Haywood Street
5d. City, state, zip: Asheville, North Carolina 28801
5e. Telephone no.: [phone]
5f. Fax no.: [phone]
5g. Email address: [e-mail]
Page 2 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID): 1) Book 208, Page 2108 2) Book 230, Page 1990
3) Book 352, Page 353

1 b.
Site coordinates (in decimal degrees): Latitude: 35.261944 Longitude: -
82.161856
(DD.DDDDDD) (-DD.DDDDDD)
1 c. Property size: 1) 56.02 2) 72.03 3) 25.66 acres
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to
proposed project: Unnamed Tributary to White Oak Creek
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water: C
2c. River basin: Broad River
Page 3 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
Conditions at the site consist of a degraded stream channel, rapidly eroding streambanks and a narrow, poorly vegetated
riparian corridor/buffer. These conditions are attributable to a variety of historic land uses that have reduced the width of
the stream's buffer, point and non-point pollutant sources that have degraded water quality in the stream, increasing
stormwater inputs, and damages resulting from high flows produced from intense storm events. Cross sections, surrey
data, and other information that depicts the current condition of the Unnamed Tributary to White Oak Creek and the
surrounding watershed are included as Figures 1 through 12. The creek's classification ranges from a G6 to F6b stream
by the Rosgen Classification of Natural Rivers. The land in the vicinity of the project can generally be classified as
livestock pastures, forest, a rural private healing center, and rural residential development.
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
Wetlands do not appear to exist at the site based on visual observation and referencing the National Wetlands Inventory.
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:
Approximately 3,800 linear feet of stream exist on the properties and include the Unnamed Tributary to White Oak Creek.
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
Streambank stabilization, stormwater management, and enhancement of riparian vegetation will improve water quality in
the stream by reducing sediment loads, other contaminants, and water temperature. Establishment of a nearly
contiguous riparian buffer will allow the stream to function more naturally and will enhance aquatic and terrestrial habitat.
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
The principle goals of this project is to assist the streams evolution toward a stable, more naturally functioning system.
The project's design and construction are focused on the following design elements. 1) Preserve existing high-quality
riparian plant communities that are intact and not immediately threatened by ongoing, unnatural, lateral, and down-valley
migration of the stream channel. 2) Place a permanent deed restriction on both sides of the stream on the Adawehi
property (Barber property will not include a deed restriction) with a minimum 25-foot wide riparian buffer on both sides of
the stream. 3) Preserve stable streambanks and existing low-flow channel morphology beneficial to a naturally
functioning stream. 4) Install and increase the width of a stable accessible floodplain for the stream, slightly below
calculated bankfull elevation by installing bio-engineered geolifts, log-vanes, and by grading unstable, over-steep and
poorly vegetated streambanks to create a primary bankfull floodplain bench. 5) Create stable streambanks by
simultaneously reducing existing streambank slope, installing and making accessible secondary benches located above
the primary bench (designed to accommodate higher than bankfull flows), installing micro topographic features into
floodplain benches, and by mimicking existing stable terrain. 6) Retention of native topsoil, organic debris and live plant
material sourced from the disturbance of existing terrain during the creation of the primary bench and stable streambanks
and incorporation of these retained elements into the completed floodplain benches and stabilized slopes so that restored
streambanks will establish and support deep-rooted, riparian and wetland plant communities as described in the
Vegetation Plan attached as Appendix A. 7) Install and establish a variety of live native plant materials in various stages
of succession on the accessible floodplain, stabilized slopes, and in areas where deep-rooted native vegetation is sparse
within the riparian buffer. 8) Remove large exotic invasive plant communities existing within the stream buffer by pulling
plants by the roots where possible and by cutting larger plants at the base and immediately spraying or painting stems
with an approved herbicide. 9) Install in-stream structures, where necessary, to direct stream flow away from healing
streambanks. Structures will be constructed primarily of large woody native material harvested duing construction. 10)
Rebuild specific streambanks by constructing geolifts, which use high strength coir matting and lifts of native fill material
to provide stable side slopes.
Equipment used to accomplish the restoration work described above will include small track-mounted excavators
equipped with buckets and hydraulic thumbs, various sized track and rubber-tired loaders, and dump trucks to transport
and stockpile materials. Various hand tools will also be used throughout the project. Restoration will generally be
completed from upstream to downstream. Heavy equipment access roads and material stockpiling areas are indicated
on Figures 3 through 11. Operation of heavy machinery in the water will be avoided to the extent practical in order to
complete the work described in this application. Most streambank stabilization work will be completed from the
streambank
Sedimentation and erosion control practices will be implemented throughout the project and will consist of: 1) only
working in dry weather during low-flow conditions, 2) only exposing areas of soils that can be stabilized at the end of each
work day, 3) installation of temporary silt fence at the top of disturbed banks, at the toe of staging and stockpile areas,
and on the downslope side of any work areas outside the streambanks 4) installation of temporary berms at the top of
disturbed banks, and 5) installation of seed, coir soil matting, and straw mulch.
Page 4 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property /
El Yes ®No El Unknown
project (including all prior phases) in the past?
Comments:
4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
? Preliminary ? Final
of determination was made?
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas? Agency/Consultant Company:
Name (if known): Delineation has not been conducted Other:
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for ? Yes ® No ? Unknown
this project (including all prior phases) in the past?
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project? ? Yes ® No
6b. If yes, explain.
Page 5 of 12
PCN Form -Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
C. Proposed Impacts inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1 a. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
? Wetlands ® Streams - tributaries ? Buffers
? Open Waters ? Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a. 2b. 2c. 2d. 2e. 2f.
Wetland impact Type of jurisdiction
number - Type of impact Type of wetland Forested (Corps - 404, 10 Area of impact
Permanent (P) or (if known) DWQ -'non-404, other) (acres)
Temporary T
W1 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W2 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W3 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W4 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W5 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W6 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts
2h. Comments:
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a. 3b. 3c. 3d. 3e. 3f. 3g.
Stream impact Type of impact Stream name Perennial Type of jurisdiction Average Impact
number -
Permanent (P) or (PER) or
i
t
t (Corps - 404, 10 stream length

Temporary (T) n
ermitten
(INT)? DWQ - non-404, width (linear
f
t
other) (feet) ee
)

S1 ? P ®T
Restoration Unnamed
Tributary to White ® PER
?INT ® Corps
? DWQ
-10
3,000
Oak Creek
S2 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S3 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S4 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S5 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S6 F1 P ? T ? PER El Corps
? INT ?DWQ
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts
3i. Comments: Approximately 3,000 linear feet of the total 3,800 linear feet of the stream project reach will be enhanced by the
removal of non-native, invasive plant species and the planting of native riparian and wetland vegetation. Stream channels willl
be restored using natural channel design elements such as bankfull floodplain benches, in-stream hydraulic structures
(including log vanes and geolifts), and gently sloped streambanks.
Page 6 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individually list all open water impacts below.
4a. 4b. 4c. 4d. 4e.
Open water Name of waterbody
impact number - (if applicable) Type of impact Waterbody type Area of impact (acres)
Permanent (P) or
Temporary T
01 ?P?T
02 ?P?T
03 ?P?T
04 ?P?T
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments:
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If and or lake construction proposed, then complete the chart below.
5a. 5b. 5c. 5d. 5e.
Wetland Impacts (acres) Stream Impacts (feet) Upland
Pond ID Proposed use or purpose (acres)
number of pond
Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded
P1
P2
5f. Total
5g. Comments:
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
? Yes ? No If yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If an impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
? Neuse ? Tar-Pamlico ? Other:
Project is in which protected basin? ? Catawba ? Randleman
6b. 6c. 6d. 6e. 6f. 6g.
Buffer impact
number - Reason Buffer Zone 1 impact Zone 2 impact
Permanent (P) or for Stream name mitigation (square feet) (square feet)
Temporary T impact required?
131 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
B2 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
B3 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
6h. Total buffer impacts
6i. Comments:
Page 7 of 12
PCN Form -Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
Identification of high quality riparian and wetland areas will be avoided during the project and placed in to the permanent deed
restriction if those areas lay within the 25-foot buffer area. Sequencing of construction will ensure that all disturbed areas are
stabilized at the end of each work day. Standard sedimentation and erosion control practices will be used. Stormwater BMPs
will be installed as appropriate. Please refer to Figures 1-12 and D1-D6 for plan drawings and details.
1 b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
On behalf of the Polk County SWCD, Altamont will provide contractors engaged in the implementation of this work both written
and verbal onsite instruction of all impact avoidance statements provided below. All heavy equipment will be kept out of the
stream channel during streambank stabilization work to the extent practicable. Disturbance of the channel bottom,
streambanks, and equipment access areas will be held to the minimum extent necessary to allow for completion of the bank
stabilization work. Work will generally be conducted in an upstream-to-downstream direction. Stream flow will be diverted
away from work areas with the use of sandbags during normal and low flow conditions. Work will be completed in stages such
that segments of the project will be completed and stabilized, on a daily basis. Temporary grass/grain cover will be planted on
all bare soil within one day after ground disturbing activities are completed. Tall fescue or other exotic grasses or plants will
not be used in riparian areas. Herbaceous, woody shrub, and tree vegetation will be installed during an appropriate time of
year on the primary floodplain and streambanks upon completion of bank stabilization work. Altamont will provide a site
manager to inspect and supervise contractor work on a daily basis to help ensure that impact avoidance instructions are being
followed. Sediment and erosion control measures will be used at all disturbed areas and will be maintained in order to keep
sediment and sediment laden stormwater out of streams. Please refer to Figures 1-12 and D1-D6 for reference.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for ? Yes ® No
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State?
2b. If yes, mitigation is required -by (check all that apply): ? DWQ ? Corps
? Mitigation bank
2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
project?
El Payment to in-lieu fee program
? Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank:
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter) Type Quantity
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In-lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in-lieu fee program is attached. ? Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested: linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature: ? warm ? cool ?cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only): square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4f. Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested: acres
4h. Comments:
5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan
Page 8 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) - required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires
buffer mitigation? ? Yes ® No
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.

Zone 6c.
Reason for impact 6d.
Total impact
(square feet)
Multiplier 6e.
Required mitigation
(square feet)
Zone 1 3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2 1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation required:
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in-lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 9 of 12
PCN Form -Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1. Diffuse Flow Plan
1a. Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified ? Yes ® No
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
1 b. If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no
explain why.
, ? Yes ? No
Comments:
2. Stormwater Management Plan
2a. What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project? 0%
2b. Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan? ? Yes ® No
2c. If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why: This project consists of streambank
stabilization, riparian buffer restoration, and placing riparian lands into conservation, of which clearing, grading, and
excavating will be limited to near the stream and/or in the stream. Erosion and sedimentation control measures such as
silt fence and mulching and seeding will be implemented in areas such as top of bank, earthen material stockpile areas,
and temporary construction access roads. Land disturbance will be less than five acres but greater than one acre.
Therefore, an erosion and sedimentation control permit will be applied for and obtained from the NCDENR Land Quality
Section prior to commencement of construction. Upon receipt of the state-issued erosion and sedimentation control
permit, the project will be covered by a state NPDES Stormwater General Permit for construction-related activities from
the Division of Water Quality.
2d. If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan:
? Certified Local Government
2e. Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan? ? DWQ Stormwater Program
? DWQ 401 Unit
3. Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a. In which local government's jurisdiction is this project? Polk County Soil and Water
Conservation District
? Phase II
3b. Which of the following locally-implemented stormwater management programs El NSW
apply (check all that apply): ? USMP
? Water Supply Watershed
? Other:
3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been ? Yes ? No
attached?
4. DWQ Stormwater Program Review
? Coastal counties

4a. Which of the following state-implemented stormwater management programs apply ? HQW
? ORW
(check all that apply): ? Session Law 2006-246
? Other:
4b. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
attached? ? Yes ? No
5. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
Page 10 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
5a. Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements? ? Yes ? No
5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met? ? Yes ? No
F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1 a. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the ® Yes ? No
use of public (federal/state) land?
1 b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State ? Yes ® No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1 c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
letter.) ? Yes ? No
Comments:
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards, ? Yes ® No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B.0200)?
2b. Is this an after-the-fact permit application? ? Yes ® No
2c. If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s):
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in ? Yes ® No
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?
3b. If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discha rge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
N/A
Page 11 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or ? Yes ® No
habitat?
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act ® Yes ? No
impacts?

5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted. ?
Raleigh
® Asheville
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
Natural Heritage GIS data from www.nconemap.net and http://www.saw.usace.army.miI/WETLANDS/esa/. Two vascular
plants were identified that could be located in the project area. Both plants are ranked historic. The representations have
an estimated accuracy "EST[-ACCR" of "very low" and these species may be found somewhere in these large areas, but
the locations are not known exactly. The "EO-ID" or element occurance numbers for these species are 23935 and
23244.
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat? ? Yes ® No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
The interactive mapping site for essential fish habitat online at: http://ocean.floridamarine.org/efh-coral/ims/viewer.htm
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation ? Yes ® No
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
The NC State Historic Preservation Office website : http://www.hpo.dcr.state.nc.us
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain? ? Yes ® No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements:
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination? The North Carolina Fooodplain Mapping Program at:
www.ncf[oodmaps.com/

Applicant/Agent's Printed Name Applicant/ Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant
is provided.
Page 12 of 12
PCN Form -Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
0126"N MD:E II06 '[l '16V awil paniaaa?
E NGI.NEER1 NG Sc H YDR.OGEOLOGY
291 HAYWOOD STREET. ASHEVILLE. NC 2e601
TCL.026.281.3950 FAC.82e.2e1.33s1
W WW. ALTAMONTENVIPONMMNTAL.COM
AGENT AUTHORIZATION LETTER
UNNAMED TRIBUTARY TO WHITE OAK CREEK
STREAMBANK STABILIZATION AND RIPARIAN
CORRIDOR RESTORATION PROJECT
The Polk County soil ai id Water Conservation District hereby authorizes Altamont Environmental, Inc.
(Agent/Consultant) to I-ign and execute all necessary permits and coordinate communications with the
appropriate regulatory agencies in relation to the above referenced project.
Signature_1 `
Sandra Reid
Polk Cc unty Soil and Water Conservation District Administrator

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TEL.[phone] VAC.8M261.3351
WWW.. LTA"*NTKNV1RGk"ZftTAL.C*N UT TO WHITE OAK CREEK
ADAWEHI-BARBER PROPERTIES
DRAWN BY: ANNA SAYLOR SCALE r LK COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROJECT MANAGER: JOEL LENK
CLIENT: PCSWCD FEET
DATE: 02/18/2011 0 500 1,000 2,000
PAPOLK SWCD NRCSkDWR BARBER ADAWEHI 2010\FIGURES\G1S\FIGURE 1 - SITE LOCATION MAP....

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SEED TOP OF EACH LIFT WITH
RIPARIAN SEED MIX AND
COVER WITH WHEAT STRAW
EXISTING BANK CONDITION
LAYERS OF 700 - 900 GRAMS PER SQUARE
METER MINIMUM COIR MATTING
BOTTOM LAYER OF GEOLIFTS
TO CONSIST OF RIVER ROCK
AND GRAVEL

COBBLE OR LARGE WOOD
MATERIAL MIXED WITH
CHANNEL MATERIAL TO BE
USED AS BASE
.'...'.'.''.'.'.'.'.'.
GEOLIFT BANK STABLIZATION
DETAIL
NOT TO SCALE
BRUSH MATTRESS
LOG TOE PROTECTION
MATERIALS
1. CONSTRUCT IN AREAS AS SPECIFIED ON PLANS AND AS DEPICTED ON THIS CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM.
2. VERIFY THAT COBBLE SIZED MATERIAL OR LARGER MATERIAL (75 MM/2.9 INCHES OR LARGER) EXSITS IN THOSE LOCATIONS
FOR BASE STABILITY.
3. IF COBBLE SIZED MATERIAL DOES NOT EXIST IN THESE LOCATIONS, RIP RAP OF THE SAME APPROXIMATE SIZE THAT BE PLACED
ON THE CHANNEL BOTTOM OR STREAMBANK TO A MINIMUM THICKNESS OF SIX INCHES, OR LARGE WOODY DEBRIS MAY BE
USED A BASE.
4. IN LOCATIONS WHERE GEOLIFTS ARE TO BE INSTALLED NEAR EDGE OF THE WATER, A LOG BASE MAY BE PLACED JUST
ABOVE NORMAL WATER ELEVATION.
5. 700 - 900 GRAM PER SQUARE METER MINIMUM COCONUT COIR FABRIC WILL BE USED AS THE FABRIC MATERIAL.
INSTALLATION
1. LAY COIR FABRIC PERPENDICULAR TO STREAM FLOW FROM AN UPSTREAM TO DOWNSTREAM DIRECTION, OVER AN AREA
THAT CAN BE COMPLETED AND STABILIZED DURING THAT WORKING DAY.
2. COIR FABRIC WILL BE ROLLED OUT LENGTHWISE, PERPENDICULAR TO STREAM FLOW, SUCH THAT IT EXTENDS THE INTENDED
GEOLIFT LOCATION TO APPROXIMATELY EIGHT FEET INTO THE CHANNEL. DOWNSTREAM SECTIONS OF COIR WILL OVERLAP
UPSTREAM SECTIONS WHEN INITIALLY LAID OUT.
3. COBBLE, RIP RAP, AND SOIL MATERIAL SOURCED FROM NEARBY OR ADJACENT BANKFULL BENCHING AND STREAMBANK
GRADING WILL BE USED AS FILL MATERIAL FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL SOIL LIFT.
4. SOURCED SOIL WILL BE CAREFULLY PLACED IN SIX INCH LIFTS AND COMPACTED WITH THE BUCKET OF THE EXCAVATOR
OVER THE AREA UNTIL A THICKNESS OF APPROXIMATELY 12 INCHES OF COMPACTED MATERIAL IS ACHIEVED.
5. CAUTION WILL BE USED NOT TO SPILL UNCONSOLIDATED MATERIAL IN THE WATER.
6. APPROXIMATELY THREE FEET OF THE NOSE OF THE GEOLIFT CLOSEST TO THE WATER WILL BE SEEDED WITH THE RIPARIAN
SEED MIX SPECIFIED IN THE VEGETATION PLAN AND MULCHED WITH STRAW.
7. COIR FABRIC EXTENDING FROM BENEATH THE COMPACTED AND SEEDED SOIL WILL BE TIGHTLY AND CAREFULLY WRAPPED
AROUND THE NOSE OF EACH LIFT, AND STAKED IN PLACE USING DEAD STOUT STAKES, STARTING AT THE PIECE OF COIR
FURTHEST DOWNSTREAM AND MOVING UPSTREAM ONE PIECE AT A TIME.
8. WRAPPED COIR SHOULD EXTEND APPROXIMATELY SIX FEET OVER THE COMPACTED SOIL LIFT TOWARD THE NEAR BANK SO
THAT PLACEMENT OF THE FOLLOWING LIFT WILL HOLD THE PRECEDING LIFT IN PLACE.
9. THE TOP EDGE OF EACH PIECE OF COIR FABRIC PARELLEL TO STREAM FLOW SHALL BE TRENCHED INTO THE GROUND TO A
MINIMUM DEPTH OF SIX INCHES.
10. A LIVE BRUSH MATTRESS, OF TREE SPECIES SPECIFIED FOR LIVE STAKES, WILL BE PLACED PERPENDICULAR TO STREAM FLOW
BETWEEN EACH 16 INCH COIR WRAPPED SOIL LIFT.
11. LIVE BRUSH MATTRESS MATERIAL SHALL BE HARVESTED FROM THE TIPS OF SPECIFIED TREE SPECIES BRANCHES AND SHALL
BE LESS THAN TWO YEARS OLD AND SHOULD BE FIVE TO EIGHT FEET IN LENGTH. LIVE BRANCHES WILL BE PLACED
GROWTH END OUT AND ROUGHLY ADJACENT TO ONE ANOTHER SUCH THAT ONE TO TWO FEET EXTENDS BEYOND COIR
WRAPPED LIFTS.
12. FOLLOWING LIVE MATTRESS PLACEMENT, SUCCESSIVE COIR WRAPPED LIFTS WITH LIVE MATTRESSES IN BETWEEN WILL BE
CONSTRUCTED ON TOP OF THE LOWEST LIFT.
13. EACH COIR WRAPPED LIFT WILL BE SET BACK TOWARD THE NEAR STREAMBANK SUCH THAT AN APPROXIMATE 3H:2V SLOPE IS
ACHIEVED ON THE STREAM SIDE OF THE LIFT.
14. THE TOP OF THE GEOLIFT STRUCTURE WILL BE CONSTRUCTED TO AN ELEVATION SLIGHTLY BELOW CALCULATED BANKFULL
ELEVATION..
15. GEOLIFTS WILL BLEND INTO THE STREAMBANK OR BANKFULL BENCH ON THE LANDWARD SIDE AND SHOULD RESEMBLE
'E N G I NEE R I N G & H Y D R 0 G E 0 L 0 G Y
231 HAYWOOD STREET, ASHEVILLE, NC 28801
TEL. [phone] FAC.828.281.3351
W W W A L T AM ON T E N V I R ON MEN T A L. C OM
DRAWN BY: CHAD HEARN I
PROJECT MANAGER: JOEL LENK NOT TO SCALE
CLIENT: POLK SWCD
DATE: 04/2212011
GEOLIFT TO BANKFULL FIGURE
BENCH INSTALLATION
UT TO WHITE OAK CREEK D
ADAWEHI-BARBER PROPERTIES
POLK COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
P:\Po1k SWCD NRCS\DWR Barber Adawehi 2010\Figures\CAD\Plan Drawings.dwg
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APPENDIX A
Vegetation Plan
E N G IN EE R1 N G & H Y D R O G E O L O G Y
Vegetation Plan
Adawehi and Barber Properties
Streambank Stabilization and
Restoration Project
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek
Polk County, North Carolina
April 25, 2011
Prepared for
Polk County Soil and Water Conservation District
#4 Courthouse Annex
P. 0. Box 236
Columbus, NC 28722
Prepared by
Altamont Environmental, Inc.
231 Haywood Street
Asheville, NC 28801
[phone]
Vegetation Plan April 25, 2011
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek Streambank and Restoration Stabilization Project Page i
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................1
2.0 Pre-construction Vegetation Identification .........................................................1
3.0 Site Preparation for Grading Work .....................................................................1
4.0 Non-native Exotic Invasive (NNEI) Vegetation ....................................................2
5.0 Sourcing of Plant Material ..................................................................................2
6.0 Restoring and Enhancing the Riparian Buffer ...................................................3
6.1 Floodplain Benches and Stabilized Streambanks ........................................................ 3
7.0 Plant Quantities and Installation ........................................................................4
7.1 Seed Mix .......................................................................................................................4
7.2 Bare Root and Container Plants ................................................................................... 4
7.3 Hardwood Cuttings and Whips ...................................................................................... 5
8.0 Irrigation .............................................................................................................6
Figures
1 - Site Location Map
2 - Site Details Map
4 - 11 - Construction Plan and Longitudinal Profile
12 - Typical Cross Sections
D1 - D10 - Details
Tables
1 - Container, Bare Root, and Hardwood Cutting Planting Guide
2 -Seed Mix Planting Guide
Appendices
A - Guidelines for Riparian Buffer Restoration
PAPOlk CU/CD NRCS,DIAIP Barber Adawehi')O n \Tonhni-1\Vecr tation Plnn\`/abatgtion Plan.Docx
Vegetation Plan April 25, 2011
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek Streambank and Restoration Stabilization Project Page 1
1.0 Introduction
The following Vegetation Plan is proposed for the unnamed tributary (UT) to Whiteoak Creek which flows
through properties owned by the Adawehi Healing Center and Ms. Evangelina Barber. Please refer to Figure
1 for reference. The focus of this plan is to describe how vegetation existing along the UT can be managed
and preserved, and how vegetation will be established in areas that are disturbed as part of the streambank
project. This vegetation plan largely applies to areas identified as the riparian buffer enhancement area in
Figures 4 - 11. Riparian buffer enhancement areas were developed as generally 25-foot wide areas,
adjacent to the UT. This plan specifies how the riparian buffer enhancement areas will be prepared for
planting, the type of plant stock to be used (e.g. seed, bare root, hardwood cuttings, and container), and how
and where specific plant species will be installed in order to achieve the greatest survival rate, and how
biological diversity within the riparian buffer will be achieved.
This plan also addresses vegetation establishment and soil stabilization of disturbed areas outside of
riparian buffers (e.g. on haul routes, access roads, equipment staging areas, stockpile areas, and other land
disturbed as part of the streambank stabilization project). Figures 4 - 11 depict locations of work areas for
the project.
2.0 Pre-construction Vegetation Identification
The UT will be surveyed by subreaches at the beginning and throughout the project to identify and mark
large non-native exotic invasive (NNEI) plant communities, suitable transplant material, quality plant
communities to be avoided, and organic material to be reused. High quality, riparian plant material and
communities, currently existing along the UT streambanks will be avoided. Immediately before heavy
equipment work begins, a vegetation team led by a qualified environmental scientist will survey the reach
and identify and mark:
• Existing native vegetation in proposed work areas that will be disturbed and is suitable for transplant
• NNEI plant communities that should be eradicated, including but not limited to Chinese Privet,
Multiflora Rose, and Japanese Honeysuckle
• Native vegetation and high-quality plant communities that should be avoided
• Organic material suitable for the construction of proposed structures and geo-lifts
It will be the responsibility of the contractor to coordinate with the qualified environmental scientist and
engineer prior to initiating grubbing and grading work, that the above listed items have been identified and
marked. Identification and marking transplant material will allow the contractor selected for the project to
dig and stage transplant material prior to construction of bank stabilization, and to rapidly replant the
material once construction in a particular area is completed.
3.0 Site Preparation for Grading Work
Only vegetation that is located immediately adjacent to failing banks, that is being threatened by erosion,
and that must be removed in order to stabilize streambanks, install structures and gain access to work
areas, will be disturbed. Additionally, the topsoil, organic debris, and live plants that exist in areas to be
disturbed will be retained, recycled, and reused as topsoil, structures, and transplants on stabilized banks
and floodplain benches as part of this project. Large trees that are removed for the project that will not be
reused for structures are to remain on-site for the property owner's use.
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Vegetation Plan April 25, 2011
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek Streambank and Restoration Stabilization Project Page 2
Construction. of this project is designed to take place in the late fall, winter,'and/or early spring when tree
and shrub plant species are dormant. As the work areas, designated in Figures 4-11, are accessed and
streambank stabilization measures are constructed in areas that are unstable, poorly vegetated, over-steep,
and eroding, contractors are instructed to conduct work in the following sequence:
• Carefully remove native plant materials suitable for transplant that have been identified and marked
by a qualified environmental scientist, and stage them in a nearby location where they can be
temporarily hilled in and watered until they are quickly replanted on the installed floodplain and
stabilized streambanks.
• Remove marked NNEI plant communities that exist within designated work areas and access routes
with both available machinery and by hand, and haul to an approved burn area. Other NNEI plant
communities that exist outside areas to be disturbed but inside the 25-foot wide riparian buffer will
be removed by hand. It may be necessary to acquire an air permit from NCDERN Division of Air
Quality prior to burning brush.
• Remove and stockpile in a nearby and suitable location, organic material, e.g. large woody debris
suitable for use as in-stream hydraulic structures, streambank toe protection and geolifts.
• As grading is conducted, segregate nutrient and organic-rich topsoil from less fertile soils and
stockpile nearby for immediate reuse on the primary floodplain bench and stabilized banks.
• In order to minimize the release of sediment during bank stabilization, large sandbags may be used
during low flow conditions to divert the stream flow away from the work area (see attached detail
Figure D1O).
Retained and stockpiled materials described above will be reused and replanted immediately during
construction of the primary floodplain and streambank.
4.0 Non-native Exotic Invasive (NNEI) Vegetation
In order to achieve success in permanently removing NNEI plants, and in order to reduce the risk of
spreading NNEI vegetation to un-impacted areas of the site, NNEI plant removal will take place over the
entire buffer area along the stream bank stabilization project reach. NNEI plants will be controlled by
removing the plants by the roots, cutting and spraying or cutting and painting, undesirable plants
immediately after they have been cut, with a water quality approved herbicide such as triclopyr. Where
appropriate, the removed NNEI plants will be burned at an approved location near the work site. Burn
locations will be approved by permitting agencies and a burning permit will be obtained and maintained at
the job site at all times while the project is underway. If burning is approved, no aid of chemical accelerants,
such as gasoline or diesel, will be used to ignite the fires.
The vegetation team will be directed not to damage quality vegetation and to keep disturbance of the buffer
to a minimum as NNEI plant removal and transplant material tagging activities are conducted. If weather
conditions permit and an appropriate location is selected, burning of removed NNEI vegetation may be the
preferable solution for disposal due to cost of transport, proximity to the work area, and the reduced
potential to spread NNEI plants to surrounding areas.
5.0 Sourcing of Plant Material
Plant suppliers will be selected from the Wetland (Native) Plant Vendor List for North Carolina, specified by
the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR)-Division of Water Quality
(DWQ) or be preapproved by the project engineer. Purchasing plant stock from this list or a preapproved
n.''011, C`%A" Norco DWR Barber Ada;vehi ?n1n\TPrhnirP1\VP0 tAtinn PlaII\VP.EP.tatlOn PIBn.DOCX
Vegetation Plan April 25, 2011
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek Streambank and Restoration Stabilization Project Page 3
vendor will help to ensure that plants used for this project are sourced from certified nurseries and that the
plant stock has been obtained by appropriate and legal methods.
6.0 Restoring and Enhancing the Riparian Buffer
Plant material installed within the riparian buffers will consist of native herbaceous plants, woody shrubs,
and tree species. Plant species selected to be installed in buffers along the project reach were selected
based on a qualitative riparian vegetation assessment of the project area. Although the riparian buffer is
impaired and altered in many locations, areas do exist where the buffer is relatively undisturbed and these
areas exhibit a diverse variety of native plants in various stages of natural succession. Vegetation observed
in these areas was used as a reference for the recommended native herbaceous plant, shrub, and tree lists
(Tables 1 and 2) attached to this plan. Plant material specified for this project will consist of
• native riparian seed mixes (to be used on streambanks)
• sediment and erosion control seed mixes (to be used to stabilize disturbed soils beyond the riparian
buffer area)
• bare root trees and shrubs
• container herbaceous plants, trees, and shrubs
• hardwood cuttings and whips
• transplant vegetative material that will be harvested before the area is disturbed
Planting of herbaceous plants, trees, shrubs, and hardwood cuttings will conform to the specifications
outlined in the NCDENR Guidelines for Riparian Buffer Restoration included in Appendix A. Staging areas for
plant material and equipment will be located in upland areas away from surface water and outside of the 50-
year floodplain. Irrigation of riparian plantings will take place as needed.
6.1 Floodplain Benches and Stabilized Streambanks
The bulk of native vegetation will be installed in areas where streambanks are stabilized and along
floodplain benches. These areas, indicated on Figures 4 - 11, are locations where streambanks are in poor
condition, are actively eroding, and are essentially void of quality riparian vegetation. These areas are also
where the greatest disturbance to the existing bank will occur as part of this project and where the majority
of in-stream structures and grading of the streambanks to a stable slope will take place.
Installed floodplain benches and slope stabilization areas will be constructed, stabilized, and vegetated in
sequence, beginning consecutively at the upstream ends of the project reach. Each of these individual
areas will be completed before land-disturbing activities begin in the next area. All disturbed areas on
streambanks will be stabilized at the end of each work day. Construction sequencing and preparation for
planting will generally take place in the following order while continuously monitoring and avoiding existing
native and beneficial plants:
1. Clearing and grubbing to remove NNEI and harvest transplant material.
2. Bankfull benches and geo-lifts will be installed.
3. Streambanks landward of the bankfull bench will be graded to a stable slope.
4. In-stream structures will be installed per the descriptions in the construction diagrams.
PAPnik SwCD NRCS\DWR Barber Adaweht 901 Q\Ter_.hnir_.al\Vegetatinn Plan\Vegetatinn Pian.Dorx
Vegetation Plan April 25, 2011
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek Streambank and Restoration Stabilization Project Page 4
5. Floodplain benches will be fertilized. Fertilizer amounts will be interpreted from an agronomic soil
test report from a composite soil sample collected from eroding streambanks within the project
reaches if possible.
6. Exposed areas of geo-lifts will be seeded with seed mixes specified below, fertilized, and mulched
with straw prior to coir fabric being wrapped over the lift and staked in place.
7. Disturbed areas below the top of the existing streambank will be hand-seeded with a riparian buffer
seed mix and mulch. See attached Table 2 for proposed plant species.
8. Disturbed areas between the water's edge and 1.5 times bankfull elevation will be stabilized with
700- gram-per-square-meter coconut coir fabric placed over cultivated, fertilized, seeded, and straw-
mulched soil. Coir fabric will be trenched in on all sides, and staked in place with wooden and live
stakes per specification.
9. Areas between 1.5 times bankfull and the top of bank will be seeded with a sediment and erosion
control seed mix, and an approved mulch and tackifier will also be installed.
7.0 Plant Quantities and Installation
Native species of shrubs and trees will be planted in stabilized areas of the streambank within the 2.41 acre
riparian buffer area for the streambank project.
7.1 Seed Mix
A native riparian seed mix will be installed on disturbed areas within the 25-foot riparian buffer area at a rate
of 15 pounds per acre, meaning 42 pounds of riparian seed mix will need to be installed over the 2.78 acres
of disturbed riparian areas. Herbaceous species to be included in this mix are listed in Table 2 and are
taken from ERNST riparian buffer seed mix # 178.
In addition to the riparian seed mix, a cover or nursery crop will need to be installed at a rate of 10 pounds
per acre. 28 pounds of nursery crop will be installed and should be a species appropriate for the season.
Sediment and erosion control seed mixes will be acceptable for disturbed areas beyond the 25-foot riparian
buffer area. Seed mixes used outside the buffer area will be required to include three varieties of non-
invasive seed, one variety being an annual grain suitable as a nursery crop and will be applied at a rate of 30
pounds per acre, meaning 30 pounds of riparian seed mix will need to be installed on the anticipated one
acre of disturbed area outside of the riparian area.
Before the riparian buffer area and the area beyond the riparian buffer are seeded, the disturbed area will
be cultivated at a minimum with a hard rake or preferably with a tool capable of cultivating soil to several
inches in depth. Fertilizer will be applied based on the recommendation of a soil test report. Seed will then
be applied and mulched with straw and tackifier and watered regularly until a six inch stand of vegetation is
established. Hydroseeding of these areas with a similar seed mix will also be acceptable; however disturbed
areas will still require cultivation prior to spray application. If agricultural crops are disturbed outside of the
25-foot riparian buffer area, seed of that crop or acceptable to the landowner will need to be installed.
7.2 Bare Root and Container Plants
Varieties of large trees will be selected from Table 1 and equal numbers of at least six species of trees on
the list must be installed. Similarly, small trees and shrubs will be selected from the attached Table 1 list
and at least eight species of small trees and shrubs from the list must be planted. Trees will be planted at a
density sufficient to provide 320 trees per acre at maturity. To achieve this density, approximately 681(8x8
P:\Polk SWCD NRCS\DWR Barber Adawehi 20 10\Tech n ica ]\Vegetation Plan\Vegetation Plan.Docx
Vegetation Plan April 25, 2011
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek Streambank and Restoration Stabilization Project Page 5
feet spacing) trees per acre will be planted initially. Shrubs will be planted at a density sufficient to provide
1,200 shrubs per acre. These species and densities are taken directly from the Guidelines for Riparian
Buffer Restoration produced by the NCDENR, attached as Appendix A. These densities include transplant
material that will be sourced from areas to be disturbed by streambank stabilization.
The riparian area that will be planted for this project is approximately 3.5 acres. Therefore, approximately
2,400 large trees and 4,200 small trees and shrubs will need to be planted.
Seventy five percent of the overall plant material (including small trees/shrubs and large trees) can be in the
form of bare root instead of container plants (3,150 bare root small trees and shrubs, 1,050 container small
trees and shrubs, 1,790 bare root large trees, and 600 container large trees). Container Plants must be in
minimum three-gallon pots and trees and shrubs must be three feet tall from the top of the pot.
Additionally, herbaceous container plants can be installed. The density of herbaceous plants per acre
installed may reduce the per acre seeding requirement per approval by the environmental-scientist or
engineer.
Bare root plants will be planted where coir matting has been installed, approximately from waters edge to
1.5 times the bankfull elevation. Container plants will be installed within the 25 foot riparian buffer area
where coir matting is not present.
Bare root and container vegetation will be planted in areas where they have the best chance for survival, (i.e.
water loving plants will be planted in wetter areas of the site or closer to the water and shade loving plant
will be planted in shadier areas of the site).
7.3 Live Hardwood Cuttings and Whips
Live hardwood cuttings (or livestakes) and whips will be planted near the water's edge and used to help
secure the coir mesh and to help rapidly stabilize soils at the toe of the streambank. Hardwood cuttings and
whip species are specified in Table 1. Hardwood cuttings should be taken from the ends of branches,
including the terminal bud (tip). Hardwood cuttings must be from wood that is one to three years old.
Hardwood cuttings can range from 8 - 24 inches long, and a minimum of 3/8 inch diameter. Thick, young
stems root better and grow more vigorously. The bottom cut should be at a 45 degree angle. Cut off any
side shoots close to the main branch. Side shoots of sufficient size can be used for more cuttings. Whips
are thin branch (less than 3/8 inch diameter) cuttings from hardwoods. Hardwood cuttings and whips will
be harvested when the plants are dormant and refrigerated if stored in air temperatures above 40 degrees
Fahrenheit, until installation. Additionally, hardwood cutting and whips will be dipped in a root growth agent
similar to Rutone prior to installation.
Hardwood cuttings will be installed along both sides of the entire 3,800-foot project reach, close to the
water's edge. One hardwood cutting per linear foot will be installed in a staggered pattern up to two feet
from the water's edge on both sides of the stream, therefore, approximately 7,600 hardwood cuttings will
need to be installed.
One whip per linear foot will be installed on the two bottom layers of constructed geolifts. Approximately 700
linear feet of geolifts will be installed, therefore, a minimum of 1,400 whips will need to be installed at the
geolifts.
P; ;Pnllc SWtal MRCS\DWR RarharAdawehi 2Q1o\Ter-hnical\Vegetation Plan\VPgatation Plan.Dom
Vegetation Plan April 25, 2011
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek Streambank and Restoration Stabilization Project Page 6
------------ ------
Quick Guide for Vegetation Quantities:
Riparian Buffer Seed Mix 42 pounds
Nursery Crop Seed 28 pounds
Erosion Control Seed Mix 30 pounds
Bare Root Large Trees 3,150
Bare Rood Small Trees and Shrubs 1,790
Container Large Trees 600
Container Small Trees and Shrubs 1,050
Container Herbaceous Plants To be determined based on availability
Hardwood Cuttings 7,600
Whips 1,400
8.0 Irrigation
All re-vegetated areas will be watered at least weekly for a minimum of three months and watering and re-
seeding will continue, as necessary, during dry periods until seed has germinated and a six-inch vegetative
cover has been established on all disturbed areas within the project area. However, small test plots in areas
near the top of the bank may not be irrigated in order to evaluate the effects of irrigation and cost benefit.
Irrigation will be conducted using a trash pump, hose, and diffusing nozzle and will utilize water pumped
from the stream channel. The stream buffer will be monitored and irrigated if necessary until a six-inch
stand of herbaceous vegetation is established on all disturbed areas of the site.
P:\Polk SWCD NRCS\DWR Barber Adawehi 2010\Technical\Vegetation Plan\Vegetation Plan.Docx
Refer to Figures attached to PCN
Table 1
Container, Bare Root, and Hardwood Cutting Planting Guide
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek
Adawehi and Barber Properties
Polk County, North Carolina
Light Moisture
Scientific Name Common Name Shade Partial
Sun Full Sun Low Moderate High
Medium to Large Trees
Acer barbatum Southern sugar maple x X X
Acer saccharinum silver maple x X X X
Betula nigra river birch x X X X
Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory x X X X X
Carya glabra pignut hickory x X X X X
Carya ovata shagbark hickory x X X X
Ca rya tomentosa mockernut hickory x X X X X
Celtis laevigata sugarberry, hackberry x X X
Diospyros virginiana persimmon x X X X X
Fagus grandifolia American beech x X X
Fraxinus americana white ash x X X
Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash x X X X
Juglansnigra black walnut x X X
Liriodendron tulipifera tulip poplar, yellow poplar x X X X
Magnolia acuminata cucumber magnolia x X X
Nyssa sylvatica black gum x X X X X
Oxydendrum arboreum sourwood x X X X
Pinus echinata shortleaf pine x X X
Pinus strobus white pine x X X
Platanus occidentalis sycamore x X X X
Prunus serotina black cherry x X X X X
Quercus alba white oak x X X X
Quercus coccinea scarlet oak x _
X _ X
Quercus falcata Southern red oak x X X X
Quercus pagoda cherrybark oak x X X X
Quercus marilandica blackjack oak x X X
Quercus michauxii swamp chestnut oak -
x X X X X
Quercus nigra water oak x X X X X
Quercus phellos willow oak x X X X X
Quercus prinus chestnut oak x X X
_
Quercus rubra Northern red oak x X X X
Quercus shumardii shumard oak x X X X
Quercus stellata post oak x X X
Quercus velutina black oak X X X
Robinia pseudoacacia black locust x X X
Tilia americana var. heterophylla basswood x X X
Tsuga canadensis Eastern hemlock x X X X
Tsuga caroliniana Carolina hemlock x X X
Ulmus alata winged elm x X X X X

Ulmus americana
American elm
x
X
X _

Small Trees
Amelanchier arborea downy serviceberry, X X X
Asimina triloba _
pawpaw x X X
Carpinus caroliniana ironwood, American x X X X
Cercis canadensis eastern redbud x X X
Chionanthus virginicus white fringetree, old man's x X X
Cornus florida flowering dogwood x X X X
Crateagus crus-galli cockspur hawthorn x X X X
t;rateaatlc flahellata fanleaf hawthnrn X I -- L u
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Page 1 of 3
Table 1
Container, Bare Root, and Hardwood Cutting Planting Guide
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek
Adawehi and Barber Properties
Polk County, North Carolina
Light Moisture
Scientific Name Common Name Shade Partial
Sun Full Sun Low Moderate High
Crateagus flava October haw x X X
Halesia tetraptera (H. carolina) common silverbell x X X
Ilex opaca American holly x X X X X
Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar x X X X
Magnolia virginiana sweetbay magnolia x X X X X
Morus rubra red mulberry x X X
Ostrya virginiana Eastern hop-hornbeam x X X
Prunus americana American wild plum x X
Salix caroliniana swamp willow x X X X
Salix nigra black willow x X X X
Sassafras albidum sassafras x X X X
Symplocos tinctoria horse-sugar, sweetleaf x X X X
Ulmus rubra slippery elm x X X

Shrubs
AescuIus sylvatica painted buckeye x X X
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry x X X X
Callicarpa americana American beautyberry x X X X
Calycanthusfloridus sweet-shrub x X X
Castanea pumila Allegheny chinkapin x X X X
Ceanothusamericanus New Jersey tea x X X
Comptonia peregrina sweet fern x X
Corylus americana American hazel, hazelnut x X X
Euonymus americanus hearts-a-bustin', strawberry x X X X
Hamamelis virginiana witch hazel x X X X
Hydrangea arborescens wild hydrangea x X X
Ilex decidua deciduous holly, x X X
Ilex verticillata winterberry x X X X X
Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel x X X X
Leucothoe racemosa fetterbush x X X X
Lyonia ligustrina northern maleberry x X X
Myrica cerifera* Southern wax-myrtle x X X X X X
Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba rhododendron x X X X X
Rhododendron maximum rosebay rhododendron x X X X
Rhododendron periclymenoides pinxter flower, wild azalea x X X
Rhus copallina winged sumac x X X X
Rosa carolina pasture rose, Carolina rose x X X X
Rubus cuneifolius blackberry x X X X
Stewartia ovata mountain camellia x X X
Styrax grandifolia bigleaf snowbell x X X
Vaccinium arboreum sparkleberry x X X X
Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry x X X X X X
Vaccinium stamineum deerberry, gooseberry x X X
Vaccinium pallidum lowbush blueberry x X X
Viburnum acerifolium maple-leaf viburnum x X X X
Viburnum dentatum Southern arrowwood x X X X
Viburnum prunifolium blackhawviburnum x X X
Viburnum rafinesquianum downy arrowwood x X X
Viburnum rufidulum rusty blackhaw x X X

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Table 1
Container, Bare Root, and Hardwood Cutting Planting Guide
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek
Adawehi and Barber Properties
Polk County, North Carolina
Light Moisture
Scientific Name Common Name Shade Partial
Sun Full Sun Low Moderate High
Herbaceous
Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset x X X X
Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge x X X X
Eupatorium fistulosum Joe Pye Weed x X X X
Vitis rotundifolia Wild Grape (Muscadine)* X X X X
Impatiens capensis Jewel Weed* X X X X
Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern* X X X
Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern* X X
Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern* X X X X
Xanthorhiza simplicissima Yellowroot* X X

Hardwood Cuttings/Whips
Acer negundo box elder x
Baccharis halimifolia silverling x X X X
Cornus amomum silky dogwood x X X
Corn us stolonifera red osier dogwood x
Cornus racemosa Gray dogwood x
Crateagus crus-galli cockspur hawthorn x X X X
Cratea us flabellata fanleaf hawthorn x X
Crateagus flava October haw x X X
Physocarpus opulifolius Common ninebark
Populus deltoides eastern cottonwood X X
Salix interior Sandbar willow x
Salix nigra black willow x X X X
Salix purpurea Streamco willow x
Salix x cotteri Bankers willow X
Sambucus canadensis common elderberry x X X
Viburnum dentatum Southern arrowwood x X X X
Viburnum lentago Nannyberry viburnum X
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Table 2
Seed Mix Planting Guide
Tributary to Whiteoak Creek ^
Adawehi and Barber Properties 0
Polk County, North Carolina ,-rll'
Scientific Name Common Name
Riparian Seed Mix
Andropogon gerardii (A. furcatus) Big Bluestem (Turkey Foot Bluestem)
Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed
Baptisia australis Blue False Indigo
Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge
Chamaecrista fasciculata (Cassia f.) Partridge Pea
Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood
Desmodium canadense Showy Tick Trefoil
Elymus riparius Riverbank Wild Rye
Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye
Eupatorium fistulosum Joe Pye Weed
Eupatorium maculatum Spotted Joe Pye Weed
Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset
Euthamia graminifolia (Solidago g.) Grass Leaved Goldenrod
Heliopsis helianthoides Ox Eye Sunflower
Juncus effusus Soft Rush
Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot
Panicum clandestinum (Dichanthelium c.) Deer Tongue
Panicum virgatum Switchgrass
Penstemon digitalis Tall White Beard tongue
Rhus typhina (R. hirta) Staghorn Sumac
Rudbeckia hirta Black Eyed Susan
Schizachyrium scoparium (Andropogon scoparius Little Bluestem
Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass
Verbena hastata Blue Vervain
Vernonia gigantea (V. altissima) Giant Ironweed
Viburnum dentatum Arrow Wood
Vitis rotundifolia Wild Grape (Muscadine)*
Impatiens capensis Jewel Weed*
Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern*
Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern*
Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern*
Xanthorhiza simplicissima Yellowroot*

Sediment and Erosion Control Seed Mix
Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass
Lolium perenne_ Perennial Ryegrass (Tonga Tetraploid)
Dactylis glomerata Orchard Grass (Potomac)
Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue (Bronson)
Phleum pratense _ Timothy (Climax)
Agrostis alba (A. gigantea) Redtop
Trifolium repens (Ladino) White Clover (Ladino)
Trifolium repens (Dutch) White Clover (Dutch)
Notes:
Riparian Seed Mix from ERNST Riparian Buffer Mix, ERNMX-178.
Sediment and Erosion Control Seed Mix from ERNST Pasture and Hay Mix, ERNMX-107.
P:\Polk SWCD NRCS\DWR Barber Adawehi 2 0 10\Tech n ica I \Vegetation Plan\Table 1- Proposed Plant Species and Rep Photos.xlsx Page 1 of 1
APPENDIX A
Guidelines for Riparian Buffer Restoration
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PROGRAM
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N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Ecosystem Enbancement Program
October 2004
Purpose ofthese Guidelines
Riparian buffers have been identified as a valuable tool for protection of water
quality when properly designed and established in the appropriate landscape
setting. For this reason, the goal of the Ecosystem Enhancement Program
(EEP) is to implement projects to restore riparian buffers that have the greatest value for
reducing pollutants in our surface waters as well as provide important aquatic and
wildlife habitat. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide the technical information
necessary for the successful planning and establishment of riparian buffers. The
guidelines are intended for use by private consultants in developing restoration plans for
the EEP but should also have utility for private landowners as well as local governments
involved in the restoration of riparian buffers.
Criteria for Priority Riparian Buffer Restoration Projects
A number of factors determine the success of particular riparian buffer
restoration projects. In addition to the physical characteristics of the site, issues
such as land costs, land ownership, and logistical constraints must be taken into
consideration. The following physical characteristics are intended to provide general
guidance when identifying sites and are not intended to exclude sites that may have merit
based on other criteria.
• Woody vegetation absent or sparse (less than 100 stems per acre that are > 5 inches
diameter at breast height) measured within 50 feet of intermittent and perennial
streams, lakes, ponds, and shorelines.
• Adjacent to headwater streams or those streams defined as first, second, or third
order.
• Project length greater than 1,000 feet (for projects implemented by the EEP).
• Ditches, gullies, or evidence of concentrated flow within 50 feet of intermittent and
perennial streams, lakes, ponds, and estuaries.
• Adjacent source of nitrogen including cropland, pasture, golf course, residential
development, ball fields, etc.
• Water table depth within three to four feet of surface as determined by characteristics
of soil cores.
Components ofa Riparian Buffer Restoration/Enhancement Plan
Site Asses5mel7 t
The riparian area to be restored should be evaluated with respect to these factors that
control the viability of riparian plants:
• Soil moisture
• Soil pH
• Soil texture
• Seasonal high water table depth
• Flooding potential
• Aspect, topography, and microtopographic relief
Site Pt-ep'r-4ti012
The restoration/enhancement plan should address these items regarding preparation of the
site for planting:
• Plow or rip site to improve compacted soil and/or eliminate areas where channelized
flow has developed.
• Control of sod-forming grasses such as fescue and Kentucky bluegrass that will
compete with plantings for nutrients.
• Control of invasive, exotic plants that would hinder the re-establishment of woody
vegetation. Proposals for pesticide use should always be reviewed by the North
Carolina Division of Water Quality staff to insure compliance with the Neuse and
Tar-Pamlico Riparian Buffer Rules.
Common Invasive Exotic Plants in North Carolina
Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-Heaven)
Albizia julibrissin (Mimosa)
Elaeagnus umbellata (Autumn Olive)
Hedera helix (English Ivy)
Lespedeza cuneata (Korean or Sericea Lespedeza)
Ligustrum sinense (Chinese Privet)
Lonisera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle)
Microstegium vimineum (Japanese Grass)
Paulownia tomentosa (Princess Tree)
Pueraria lobata (Kudzu)
Rosa multiora (Multiflora Rose)
Wisteria sinensis (Chinese Wisteria)
Stabilize areas of bare soil. Refer to the following list for species of grasses/sedge
appropriate for soil stabilization. The majority of these species are by necessity not
native to North Carolina. At present, there are only a few species of native grasses
useful for erosion control that are commercially available. Please note that fescue
grasses should not be used for soil stabilization. Fescue grasses, particularly tall
fescue, are competitive and will inhibit the eventual re-establishment of native
species.
3
Agrosti5.a1b,7 (Redtop)
Found in fields, pastures, roadsides, and other disturbed places throughout North
Carolina, this native warm season grass should be used sparingly for erosion control
and soil stabilization.
G3Pexstricta (Se4ge)
This sedge occurs naturally in marshes and low meadows throughout the mountains
and northern piedmont and coastal plain of North Carolina. This species has utility in
a mix for soil stabilization in moist areas.
93ct1li5g1omer4t,3 (Orchar4gra55)
This perennial, cool season bunchgrass is a good alternative to fescue because it is
less competitive and allows native herbs to colonize the site.
Hordeum spp. (Barley)
A number of species of barley can be used for soil stabilization. Barley is a cool
season, annual grass that when moisture is available will germinate in the fall, stay
green during the winter, and then die in the spring as competition for warm season
plants increases.
Pwicum %ndestinutn Weer Tongue)
This native, perennial, warm season bunchgrass can be used in moist low woods
primarily in the piedmont and mountains.
Pvnicum spp. (Panic Grasses)
A number of species of panic grasses can be used for soil stabilization depending on
the moisture regime and soils of the site.
P,nicum V1rg,3tur7 (Switchgrass)
This native, perennial, warm season bunchgrass can tolerate a wide range of moisture
regimes. It can be used along streams, in wet or dry woods, brackish and freshwater
marshes, sloughs, swales, and low pinelands primarily in the eastern piedmont and
coastal plain.
Peoni5etumg1,?ucum (Brown Top or Pearl Millet)
This fast-growing, robust, annual grass exhibits good drought tolerance which makes
this species an important warm season option for soil stabilization.
4
Pha1,Jri5,7ru12dia4ce4 (Reece Canarygrass)
A native to North Carolina, this perennial cool season grass is used for the
stabilization of pond shorelines, drainage ditches, and streambanks in the mountains
and western piedmont. It is established by planting freshly cut stem slips or rhizome
fragments. Please note that this species is aggressive and forms large monotypic
stands that displace other species. It should only be used if no other species are
available.
Secale cerevle (Winter Rye or Rye Gra in )
Winter rye is a cold-hardy annual grass that will germinate and grow at low
temperatures. By maturing early, it offers less competition during the late spring, a
critical time in the establishment of perennial species. Winter rye germinates quickly
and is tolerant of poor soils.
Sorghum bicolot-(Su4angNss)
Only the small-stemmed varieties of this annual warm season grass should be used.
Sudangrass is useful for temporary seeding, and it is adapted to soils relatively high in
clay content. Seed for common Sudangrass is not always available, but other small-
stemmed types may be used, such as the hybrid Trudan. The coarse-stemmed
Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids are not appropriate for erosion control.
Riparian Buffer Design
Species Diversity and Composition
'. The most effective riparian buffers have trees and shrubs to provide perennial
?% root systems and long-term nutrient storage. The design of a riparian buffer can
be modified to fit the landscape and the landowner's needs, for example, by
replacing shrubs with more trees, substituting some of the trees with shrubs, or
incorporating a grass zone. In any scenario, the width of the woody vegetation should be
at least 30 feet directly adjacent to the streambank/shoreline.
Choose 10-12 species of native trees and/or shrubs appropriate for site based on site
assessment and reference conditions. In addition, please note that this list is alphabetical
and does not take into account the assemblages of plants found in nature. The inventory
of plants found on the reference site can help determine an appropriate assemblage for the
restoration site. In addition, the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program's
Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina: Third Approximation is a
valuable reference on natural assemblages of plants (Shafele, Michael P. and Alan S.
Weakley, 1990).
Typically, there should be at least three or four understory trees for every canopy tree to
provide structural diversity similar to mature forests. Where shrub species are
incorporated into the planting plan, they should be distributed more densely at outer edge
of riparian buffer to reduce light penetration and recolonization by invasive exotic
species. The following table provides a list of native tree and shrub species appropriate
for use in riparian buffers.
Native Regions
M= Mountains
P= Piedmont
C= Coastal Plain
Master List of Native Plants
Light Requirements
S= Shade
P= Parbal Sun
F= Full Sun
Moisture Requirements
L= Low Moisture
M= Moderate Moisture
H= High Moisture
A= Aquatic
h°
M P C 5 P F L M H A
Medium to Large Trees
Acerbarbatum Southern sugar maple X X X X X
Acersaccharinum silver maple X X X X X
Acersaccharum sugar maple X X X X
Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch X X X X
Betula lenta cherry birch, sweet birch X X X X
Betula nigra river birch X X X X X X X
Carya aquatics water hickory X X X X
Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory X X X X X X X X
Carya glabra pignut hickory X X X X X X X X
Carya ovata shagbark hickory X X X X X X X
Carya tomentosa mockernut hickory X X X X X X X X
Celtis laevigata sugarberry, hackberry X X X X X
Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic white cedar X X X X X
Cladrastis kentuckea yellowwood X X X X
Diospyros virginiana persimmon X X X X X X X X
Fagus grandifolia American beech X X X X X X
Fraxinus americana white ash X X X X X X
Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash X X X X X X X
Fraxinus profunda pumpkin ash, red ash X X X X
Juglans nigra black walnut X X X X X X
Liriodendron tulipifera tulip poplar, yellow poplar X X X X X X X
Magnolia acuminate cucumber magnolia X X X X X
Magnolia fraseri Fraser magnolia X X X
Nyssa aquatica water tupelo X X X X X X
Nyssa sylvatica black gum X X X X X X X X
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora swamp black gum X X X X X
Oxydendrum arboreum sourwood X X X X X X X
Picea rubens red spruce X X X X X
Pinus echinata shortleaf pine X X X X X X
Pinus palustris longleaf pine X X X X X
Pinus rigida pitch pine X X X
6

M P C S P F L M H A
7Piinusserotina pond pine X X X X
us strobus white pine X X I I X X X
tanus occidentalis sycamore X X X X X X X
Populus deltoides eastern cottonwood x x X X
Populus heterophylla swamp cottonwood x t
Prunus serotina black cherry X X x x X X X X
Quercus alba white oak x X X X X X X
Quercus bicolor swamp white oak X X X X
Quercus coccinea scarlet oak X X X X X
Quercus falcata Southern red oak x X X X X X X
Quercus pagoda cherrybark oak X X X X X X
Quercus laurifolia laurel oak x X X X X X
Quercus lyrata overcup oak x X X X _ X
Quercus margaretta sand post oak x X X X
Quercus marilandica black jack oak x X X X X X
Quercus michauxii swamp chestnut oak x X X X X X X
Quercus nigra water oak X X X X X X X
Quercus phellos willow oak X X X X X X X
Quercus prinus chestnut oak x X X X X
Quercus rubra Northern red oak X X X X X X
Quercus,shumardii shumard oak X X X X X X
Quercus stellata post oak x X X X X X
Quercus velutina black oak x X X X X X
Quercus virginiana live oak x X X X
Robinia pseudoacacia black locust X X X X X X
Taxodium ascendens pond-cypress X X X X
Taxodium distichum bald-cypress x X X X
Tilia americana var. heterophylla basswood X X X X X
Tsuga canadensis Eastern hemlock X X X X X X
Tsuga caroliniana Carolina hemlock X X X X X
Ulmus alata winged elm X X X X X X X
Ulmus americana American elm X X X X X X

Small Trees
Amelanchierarborea downy -serviceberryshad bush
Amelanchier canadensis Canada serviceberry x X X X
Amelanchierlaevis smooth service berry X X X X X
Asimina triloba pawpaw x X X X X X
Carpinus caroliniana ironwood, American hornbeam X X X X X X X
Cercis canadensis eastern redbud x X X X X X
Chionanthus virginicus white fringetree, old man's beard x X X X X X
Corpus alternifolia alternate-leaf dogwood X X X X
Corpus florida flowering dogwood X X X X X X X
Crateagus crus-galli cockspur hawthorn x X X X X X X
Crateagus flabellata fanleaf hawthorn x X X X
Crateagus flava October haw X X X X X X
Cyrilla racemiflora t iti X X X X X
Fraxinus caroliniana water ash X X X X
Gordonia lasianthus l oblolly bay x X X X X X

M P C S P F L M H A
Halesfa tetraptera (H. Carolina) c x X X X X
Ilex opaca American holly X X X X X X X X
Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar X X X X X X X
Magnolia tripetala umbrella tree x X X X
Magnolia virginiana sweetbay magnolia X X X X X X X
Morus rubra red mulberry x X X X X X
Osmanthus americana wild olive, devilwood X X -X - - -x
Ostrya virginiana Eastern hop-hornbeam x X X X . .
X
Persea borbonia red bay X X X X X X
Persea palustris swamp bay x X X X X X
Pinus pungens table mountain pine x X X
Prunus americana American wild plum X X X X
Prunus caroliniana Carolina laurel-cherry x X X X X
Quercus incana bluejack oak x X X X
Quercus laevis turkey oak X X X X
Rhus glabra smooth sumac x X X X X
Rhus hirta (Rhus typhina) staghorn sumac x _ _ _ X X
Salix caroliniana swamp willow X X X X IT X X
Salix nigra black willow x X X X X X X
Sassafras albidum sassafras x X X X X X X
Staphylea trifolia bladdernut x X X X
Symplocos tinctoria horse-sugar, sweetleaf X X X X X X X
Ulm us rubra slippery elm x X X X X

Shrubs
Aesculus sylvatica painted buckeye x X X X X
Alnus serrulata' common alder x X X X X X X X
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry X X X X X X X
Baccharis halimifolia silverling x X X X X X
Callicarpa americana American beautyberry X X X X X X
Calycanthus floridus sweet-shrub x X X X X
Castanea pumila Allegheny chinkapin x X X X X X X
Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea x X X X X X
Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush x X X X X X
Clethra acuminata mountain sweet pepperbush x X X X
Clethra alnifolia sweet pepperbush X X X X X
Comptonia peregrine sweet fern x X X X
Corpus amomum silky dogwood X X X X X X X
Corpus stricta swamp dogwood x X X X
Corylus americana American hazel, hazelnut x X X X X
Euonymus americanus hearts-a-bustin', strawberry bush x X X X X X X
Fothergilla gardenii witch-alder x X X X
Gaylussacia frondosa dangleberry X X X X X X
Hamamelis virginiana witch hazel x X X X X X X
Hydrangea arborescens wild hydrangea x X I x ' x X
Ilex coriacea gallberry X X X X X
Ilex decidua deciduous holly, possumhaw X X X X X
flex glabra inkberry X X X X X X
Ilex verticillata winterberry x X X X X X X X

M P C S P F L M H A
Ilex vomitoria yaupon holly X X X X X
Itea virginica Virginia willow X X X X X
Kalmia angustifolia var. caroliniana lamb-kill, sheep-kill X X X X X
Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel X X X X X X
Leucothoe axillaris coastal dog-hobble X X X X
Leucothoe fontanesiana dog-hobble X X X X
Leucothoe racemosa fetterbush X X X X X X
Lindera benzoin spicebush X X X X
Lyonia ligustrina northern maleberry X X X X X X
Lyonia lucida shining fetterbush X X X X
Myrica cerifera* Southern wax-myrtle X X T X R IX X X
Myrica cerifera var. pumila* dwarf Southern wax-myrtle X X X X X
Myrica heterophylla* bayberry, evergreen bayberry X X X X
Pieris floribunda evergreen mountain fetterbush X X X X
Rhododendron atlanticum dwarf azalea X X X
Rhododendron calendulaceum flame azalea X X X X
Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba rhododendron X X 'X 'X X X X
Rhododendron maximum rosebay rhododendron X X X X X X
Rhododendron periclymenoides pinxter flower, wild azalea X X X X X X
Rhododendron viscosum swamp azalea X X X X X X
Rhus copallina winged sumac X X X X X X X
Rosa carolina pasture rose, Carolina rose X X X X X X X
Rosa palustris swamp rose X X X X X X
Rubus allegheniensis Alleghany blackberry X X X X
Rubus cuneifolius blackberry X X X X X X
Rubus odoratus purple flowering raspberry X X X
Salix humilis prairie willow X X X X
Salix s mcea silky willow X X X X X X
Sambucus canadensis common elderberry X X X X X X
Spiraea alba narrow-leaved meadows X
Spiraea latifolia broad-leaved meadowsweet X X X
Spiraea tomentosa meadowsweet X X X X X X
Ste wartia malacodendron silky camellia X X X X
Stewartia ovata mountain camellia X X X X X
Styrax grandifolia bigleaf snowbell X X X X X
Vaccinium arboreum sparkleberry X X X X X X
Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry X X X X X X X X X
Vaccinium crassifolium creeping blueberry X X )c -
Vaccinium elliottii mayberry X X X
Vaccinium stamineum deerberry, gooseberry X X X X X X
Vaccinium pallidum l owbush blueberry X X X X X
Viburnum acentolium maple-leaf viburnum X X X X X X
Viburnum dentatum Southern arrowwood viburnum X X X X X X X
Viburnum nudum possumhaw viburnum X X X X X X
Viburnum prunifolium blackhaw viburnum X X X X X X
Viburnum rafinesquianum downy arrowwood X X X X
Viburnum rufidulum r usty blackhaw X X X X X

Xanthorhiza simplicissima y
* _P .,,.,. T.
ellowroot
X
X
X
X -1
X
X F F
«????? .«<r uxrri unu ynuutu not oe usea jor riparian restoration adjacent to Nutrient Sensitive Waters.

Where grasses are incorporated into the planting plan on the outside of the buffer strip,
only native grasses should be used. Native grasses produce a much more extensive and
deep root system than commonly used non-native grasses such as fescue.
Common Native Grasses
Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem)
Andropogon virginicus (Broomsedge)
Arundinaria gigantea (Giant Cane)
Eragrostis spectabilis (Purple Love Grass)
Panicum anceps (Beaked Panicum)
Panicum clandestinum (Deertongue)
Panicum hemitomon (Maidencane)
Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass)
Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem)
Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass)
Tridens flavus (Purple-Top)
Tripsacum dactyloides (Gams Grass)
Planting Density
Trees should be planted at a density sufficient to provide 320 trees per acre at maturity.
To achieve this density, approximately 436 (10x10 feet spacing) to 681 (8x8 feet spacing)
trees per acre should be planted initially. Shrubs should be planted at a density sufficient
to provide 1,200 shrubs per acre.

10

Plant Size
In many cases, the most cost effective and successful size plant material is bare root
seedlings. Some species such as the hickories do poorly as bare root seedlings and will
be much more successful as containerized seedlings. In either case, tree shelters should
be used to accelerate growth and increase survivability of seedlings. In addition,
management of competing vegetation after planting is easier, mowing and weed wacker
strikes are prevented, herbicides are isolated from trunk contact, and grazing by deer are
restricted. The use of tree shelters may only be practical from an economic standpoint for
more expensive seedlings of species difficult to establish, such as red oak. Reductions in
maintenance costs and increased seedling vigor associated with tree shelters suggest that
tree shelter plantings may be a more cost-effective approach than planting unprotected
larger material. In urban or other high visibility areas, some specimen trees and shrubs
should be incorporated into the planting plan for projects implemented by the EEP.
When live stakes or dormant cuttings are incorporated in a planting plan, choose only the
previous season's growth. Live stakes should typically be approximately % inch in
diameter and three feet long, and dormant cuttings should be approximately '/Z inch in
diameter and two feet long.
Suppliers of Native Plant Material
Local nurseries are the best option in acquiring plants that will be successful. Plants
grown from seeds or cuttings collected close to the restoration area will be the most likely
to survive and reproduce.
Planting Layout
The planting plan should indicate that trees and shrubs will be planted in a random
pattern. For inexperienced planting crews, pre-labeled flagged wires can be used to mark
the random location of plantings. These flags can also be color coded for each particular
species. Various colors of spray paint can also be used to differentiate species.
Planting Practices
When planting seedlings, it is helpful to mark the plants with colored flagging to make
them easier to locate during maintenance tasks. The flagging can also be color-coded to
mark plants that have died for replacement at a later date.
Tree protectors are also helpful for locating plants. Tree seedlings should be kept moist
and should not be exposed for extended periods of time. A correctly planted tree should
have the. following general characteristics:
Planted so that the root collar is slightly below the soil surface.
Have the main roots nearly straight or spread out.
11

• Have soil firm around the roots.
Have the tree in an upright postion and have it nearly even with the general
ground level, not sunk in a hole or raised on a mound.
Please note that the Neuse and Tar-Pamlico Riparian Buffer Rules allow for a one time
fertilizer application to establish newly planted vegetation. Ongoing fertilizer application
is prohibited by these rules.
Riparian Buffer Maintenance
Control of Grasses and Fortis
In the early stages of riparian buffer establishment, competition for nutrients by
adjacent grasses and forbs will substantially inhibit seedling growth. Release
from herbaceous competition has been demonstrated as the most cost-effective
method to accelerate the growth of seedlings. The plan for buffer establishment
must incorporate control of the herbaceous layer. Options for weed control include four
to six inches of well-aged hardwood mulch, weed control fabrics, or pre-emergent
herbicide. Typically, mowing to control weeds will be impractical based on the random
distribution of plantings. Weed control should be, continued for three years from the time
of planting.
Areas of Concentrated Flow
During the required five year monitoring period, the riparian buffer should be inspected
for evidence of concentrated flow. If concentrated flow has begun to form, a level
spreader or other best management practice should be installed to diffuse the flow before
it enters the restored riparian buffer.
Illustrations by Karen M. Lynch
12