20060367 Ver 1_Application_20060308

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
March 3, 2006
US Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Branch
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615
ATTENTION: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
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SECRETARY '~
060367
SUBJECT: Nationwide 14 Permit Application and Riparian Buffer
Certification for the widening of SR 3015 (Airport Boulevard) from
NC 54 to McCrimmon Parkway, in Wake County. NCDOT Division 5,
State Project No. 98051709, T.I.P. No.U-3344 A, $200.00 Debit work order
98051709, WBS Element No. 34934.1.1.
Please find enclosed a copy of the half-size roadway designs plans, Pre-construction Notification,
Stormwater Management Plan, Indirect and Cumulative Effect Assessment, North Carolina
Ecosystem and Enhancement Program (EEP) Acceptance letter, and permit drawings for the
subject project.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to widen Airport
Boulevard (SR 3015) from NC 54 to McCrimmon Parkway. The proposed project will widen the
existing two-lane roadway equilaterally to a five lane with curb and gutter along both sides of the
roadway. The improved facility will include a 12-foot wide center turn lane and 2 through lanes
in each direction. The proposed improvement will impact two existing stream crossings and a
wetland. The first crossing, Unnamed Tributary #2 (UT2), is a 5' stream section between a 28"x
32" arched corrugated metal pipe (CMP) and a 48" CMP (Site 1). The second crossing, UT3, is
at a 66" CMP crossing through the roadway embankment (Site 2). This pipe is to be removed
and replaced with an 8' x 8' reinforced concrete box culvert (RCBC). The wetland located at
Site 1 will be filled to allow for placement of a lateral base ditch. Traffic will be maintained on
existing road. The total project length is 0.61miles.
The purpose of this project is to improve the traffic flow and safety along Airport Boulevard.
Construction of the proposed project will necessitate impacts to jurisdictional waters. This
project is located in the Neuse River Basin within HUC 03020201. There will be a total of 109
feet of jurisdictional stream channel impacted, 0.07 acres of wetland, and 17,194 square feet of
impacts to protected buffers within the Neuse Watershed. Impacts from this project will qualify
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MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] CAPITOL BOULEVARD
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS PARKER LMCOLN BUILDMG, SUITE 24O
1598 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEesrrE• WWW.NCDOT.ORG RALEIGH NC 27699
RALEIGH NC 27699-1598

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for permitting under a Nationwide Permit 14. The EEP will provide compensatory mitigation.
This project has a let date of August 15, 2006.
NEPA Document Status
An Environmental Assessment (EA) was prepared by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation and approved July 18, 1996. A Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSn was
approved on June 12, 1997. In addition, existing and projected conditions in the study area were
described including natural systems and wetlands. Alignments were evaluated with respect to
costs, social and economic impacts, and environmental consequences. The EA and FONSI have
been provided to regulatory review agencies involved in the approval process. Additional copies
will be provided upon request.
The subject project is in compliance with 23 CFR Part 771.111(f) which lists the Federal
Highway Administration (FHWA) characteristics of independent utility of a project:
(1) The project connects logical termini and is of sufficient length to address
environmental matters on a broad scope;
(2) The project is usable and a reasonable expenditure, even if no additional
transportation improvements are made in the area;
(3) The project does not restrict consideration of alternatives for other reasonably
foreseeable transportation improvements.
Resource Status
Waters of the United States: One unnamed tributary (UT 3) to Crabtree Creek and one wetland
community are the only water resources within the project area. UT 3 is located at Site 2. It is a
perennial stream approximately 10-foot wide at the streambed with 3 to 5-foot banks and that has
a substrate composed of rock, silt and cobble. The wetland located at Site 1 is associated with
UT 2 and is classified as palustrine forested broad-leaved deciduous (PFO1).
Jurisdictional Delineations: On May 24, 2002, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (LJSACOE)
verified the wetland delineation at Site 1. On January 5, 2006, UT 2 (Site 1) was classified as an
ephemeral channel and is not considered jurisdictional by the USACOE. UT 3 is a jurisdictional
perennial stream. Impacts are reported in Table 1.
Table 1. Stream and Wetland Impacts for TIP Project U-3344A Wake County.
Site Station Stream Name DWQ Index No. Stream Wetland
Impacts feet Impacts (ac)
1 20+92-L- to 0.07
22+25-L-
2 37+30-L- to UT #3 to Crabtree 27-33-(3.5) 109
37+68-L- Creek
Permanent Impacts: There are two sites in the project area that impact jurisdictional areas. Site 1
is located at station 20+92-L to 21+82-L. A lateral base ditch and standard, base ditch will be
constructed parallel to the road followed by a rock weir. The impact will be 0.07 acres of
riverine wetland. Site 2 is located at station 37+30-L to 37+68-L. There will be 109 feet of
impacts to the jurisdictional perennial UT 3 due to the removal of a 66" CMP and placement of
an 8' x 8' RCBC. The NCDOT plans to mitigate for the impacts by compensatory mitigation
provided by EEP (see attached EEP Acceptance Letter).
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•
Impacts from dewatering at either Site are not expected. Site 1: the replacement of the 24" and
30" pipe at station 23+00-L with a 42" pipe is expected to be occur during no flow conditions.
Flow through this pipe network is a resultant of stormwater from the surround parking areas and
roadway. Site 2: During the placement of the culvert one side of the roadway will be constructed
at a time to allow traffic flow. A temporary flexible pipe will be used to convey the water during
the phase build.
Neuse Buffers
The proposed road project impacts UT 2 & 3, which are protected by the Neuse Buffer Rules.
UT 2, although considered non jurisdictional by USACE, is subject to the buffer rules according
to NCDWQ (June 12, 2002 field meeting). Therefore, impacts to stream buffers are comprised
of:
• Sitel :2,050 ft2 in.Zone 1 and 1,811 ft2 in Zone 2 are exempt impacts. Impacts are a result of
the addition of riprap in the 8-foot section between the end of one pipe conveying UT #2 and
the beginning of the second pipe conveying UT #2. Pipe 1 (24") is being replaced with at
larger 42" pipe. The second pipe (48") is not within the project area.
• Site 2:.8,412 ftZ in Zone 1 and 4,921 ftz in Zone 2 are allowable impacts. Impacts result from
the placement of riprap at the input and outfall of RCBC.
The NCDOT does not plan to mitigate for the buffer impacts due to the impacts being either
exempt or allowable. According to the Neuse Buffer Rules, buffer impacts resulting from road
crossings of streams are exem t if they impact equal to or less than 40 ft and allowable if they
impact greater than 40 linear feet but equal to or less than 150 linear feet or one-third acre of
riparian buffer. Impacts at Site 1 are 0.09 acres (35 ft) -exempt and at Site 2 impacts are 0.31
acres (120 ft) -allowable.
Indirect and Cumulative Effects
Considering the current and projected population and employment for the project area, this
project is likely to induce land use changes. While the area would likely experience growth
regardless of the project, the project will cumulatively increase the attractiveness of the project
area to industrial businesses and improve the flow of commuter traffic during peak hours. The
increased proportion of the project area devoted to urban land uses will put more strains on the
water resources. Long term, these strains can alter the availability and quality of hydrologic
resources, both groundwater and surface water. Modifications in land use may also affect the
proportions of ground water and surface runoff in rivers and stream. However, the following
federal, state, and local regulations are in place to protect surface water quality and accommodate
future growth.
• EPA National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
• North Carolina -Watershed Supply Watershed Protection Act
• North Carolina -Neuse River Basin Nutrient Sensitive Waters Management
• Neuse River Basin Buffer Rules
• North Carolina - Nonpoint Source Program
• Wake County -Land Use and Stormwater Regulations
Adhering to these regulations for the protection of surface waters should limit direct and indirect
effects to this important resource (see attached Indirect and Cumulative Effects Assessment).
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Federally Protected Species
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Proposed
Endangered (PE), Proposed Threatened (PT), are protected under provisions of Section 7 and
Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of January 29, 2003, the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service lists four federally protected species for Wake County:
bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis), dwarf
wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), and Michaux's sumac (Rhus michauxii). Since the
original EA was prepared no species have been added to or removed from the list. Descriptions
and biological conclusions of "No Effect" were given for each species in the referenced EA.
The project site was revisited on August 26, 2004 and overall habitat conditions have not
changed. Suitable habitat is not present within the project area for bald eagle or red-cockaded
woodpecker. However, suitable habitat is present for Michaux's sumac. All areas containing
suitable habitat were examined for Michaux's sumac. No Michaux's sumac species were found.
Additionally, a review of the Natural Heritage Program database (last updated on March 31,
2005) revealed no occurrences of these three species within 1.0 mile of the project study area.
Therefore, the biological conclusion of "No Effect" remains valid for all three species.
In reference to the dwarf wedgemussel, a survey was conducted during the March 1996 natural
resource investigation. No mussel fauna was observed and a biological conclusion of "No
Effect" in the project area was given. NCDOT environmental biologists, Karen M. Lynch and
Logan Williams conducted a re-survey for the dwarf wedgemussel on December 16, 2003. It
was concluded that suitable habitat does not exist for the dwarf wedgemussel and no mussels
were found to occur in the unnamed tributaries. Additionally, a review of the Natural Heritage
Program database (updated March 2005) revealed that no known occurrences of dwarf
wedgemussel exist in the project area. Therefore, the biological conclusion for the dwarf
wedgemussel of "No Effect" remains valid.
Cultural Resources
Archaeological and Historic Resources: According to a memo dated November 9, 1995 from the
State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), there are no known properties of historical,
architectural, or archaeological significance which would be affected by the project (Appendix A
of the EA).
Avoidance, Minimization, and Compensatory Mitigation
Despite the minimization strategies employed for the proposed project, the resulting permanent
wetland and stream impacts will be 0.07 acres and 109 feet. Consequently, the project will
require compensatory mitigation.
Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation: The NCDOT is committed to incorporating all
reasonable and practicable design features to avoid and minimize jurisdictional impacts, and to
provide full compensatory mitigation of all remaining, unavoidable jurisdictional impacts.
Avoidance measures were taken during the planning and NEPA compliance stages; minimization
measures were incorporated as part of the project design.
According to the Clean Water Act (CWA) §404(b)(1) guidelines, NCDOT must avoid, minimize,
and mitigate, in sequential order, impacts to waters of the US. The following is a list of the
project's jurisdictional stream avoidance/minimization activities proposed or completed by
NCDOT:
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Avoidance/Minimization:
• Limited instream activity
• Design Standards for Sensitive Watersheds and the Environmental Sensitive Areas Provision
implementation.
• Use of 2:1 fill slopes in jurisdictional area.
• Use of grass swales (11+00 -Y3 to 21+82 -L-RT & 26+00 to 29+00 -L-RT), a level
spreader and preformed scour hole (38+17 -L-RT), and rock weir (22+OS -L-RT) to diffuse
water flow and for treatment before it enters the buffer and wetland areas.
• No staging of construction equipment or storage of construction supplies will be allowed in
wetlands or near surface waters.
• Widening on existing alignment.
• A 16" water line will be placed under the new reinforced concrete box culvert at Site 2
during the time the box culvert is placed. The box culvert is replacing the existing 66"
corrugated metal pipe (CMP).
Based on the above considerations, it is determined that there is no practicable alternative to the
proposed construction in jurisdictional Waters of the U.S. and that the proposed action includes
all practicable methods to avoid and/or minimize jurisdictional wetland impacts that may result
from such use.
COMPENSATION: The primary emphasis of the compensatory mitigation is to reestablish a
condition that would have existed if the project were not built. As previously stated, mitigation
is limited to reasonable expenditures and practicable considerations related to highway operation.
Mitigation is generally accomplished through a combination of methods designed to replace
stream loss as a result of construction of the project.
EEP will .assume responsibility for satisfying the federal Clean Water Act compensatory
mitigation requirements for NCDOT in accordance with the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
signed July 22, 2003 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (iJSACE), the North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) and the NCDOT.
Compensatory mitigation to offset unavoidable impacts to waters that are jurisdictional under the
federal Clean Water Act will be provided by the EEP. An acceptance letter dated January 4,
2005 from EEP is attached. The offsetting mitigation will derive from an inventory of assets
already in existence within the same 8-digit cataloguing unit. The Department has avoided and
minimized impacts to jurisdictional resources to the greatest extent possible as described above.
The unavoidable impacts to 109 feet of jurisdictional stream and 0.07 acres of riverine wetland
will be offset by compensatory mitigation provided by the EEP program.
Regulatory Approvals
Application is hereby made for the Department of Army Section 404 Nationwide 14 for the
above-described activities. We are also hereby requesting a 401 Water Quality Certification and
Neuse Buffer Certification from the Division of Water Quality. In compliance with Section
143-215.3D(e) of the NCAC we will. provide $200.00 to act as payment for processing the
Section 401 permit application previously noted in this application (see Subject line). We are
providing seven copies of this application to the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, for their review.
Page 5 of 6

A copy of this permit application will be posted on the NCDOT website at:
http•//www ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/ne/. If you have any questions or need additional
information please call Ms. Deanna Riffey at [phone].
Sincerely,
r^
f Gregory Thorpe, Ph.D
_~ Environmental Management Director, PDEA
Cc:
W/attachment
Mr. John Hennessy, Division of Water Quality (7 copies)
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. Jon Nance, P.E., Division Engineer
Mr. Chris Murray, DEO
W/o attachment
Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Omar Sultan, Programming and TIl'
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. Joseph Qubain, PDEA Project Planning Engineer
Ms. Beth Harmon, EEP
Ms. Laurie P. Smith, CPA, NCDOT, Program Management
Page 6 of 6

Office Use Only• Form Version March OS
20060 367
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to tlus project, please enter "Not appucanie~~ or ..i~i.y .l
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ® Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
^ Section 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification ^ Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: NW 14 & Neuse Buffer
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ^
4. If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here: ^
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information
Owner/Applicant Information
Name: NCDOT
Mailing Address: Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
1598 Mail Service Center
Ralei~ NC 27699-1598
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number: (919733-3794
E-mail Address: tg horp~dot state nc us
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number: Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
Page 1 of 8

III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces,. or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps maybe included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Widenin og f Airport Boulevard (SR 3015) from NC 54 to McCrimmon
Parkway
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): U-3344 A
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):
4. Location
County: Wake ~ Nearest Town: Morrisville
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): N/A
Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc.): From Raleigh - I-40
West Exit 284 (Airport Blvd) Left on Airport Blvd
5. Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum): 35° 50' 35" °N 78° 49' 43" °W
6. Property size (acres): .0.61 acres
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: Unnamed Tributary to Crabtree Creek
8. River Basin: Neuse
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: SR 3015 is classified as a Major Thoroughfare in the
Greater Urban Area Thoroughfare Plan.
Page 2 of 8

10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:_(see cover
letter)
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: Purpose of this project is to improve level of
service for the projected traffic volumes
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of .the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules. N/A
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
N/A __
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
listed separately in the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs maybe included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: (see cover letter
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E
2. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact Type of Wetland
(e.g., forested, marsh,
herbaceous, bog, etc.) Located within
100-yeaz
Floodplain
es/no) Distance to
Neazest
Stream
lineaz feet Area of
Impact
(acres)
Site 1 Permanent Riverine No 5 0.07

Total Wetland Impact (acres) 0.07
3. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: 0.09
4. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must be included. To calculate acreage, multiply length X width, then divide by 43,560.
Stream Impact
Number
(indicate on ma)
Stream Name
Type of Impact Perennial or

Intermittent? Average
Stream Width
Before Im act Impact
Length
lineaz feet Area of
Impact
(acres
Site 2 iTT to Crabtree
Creek permanent Perennial 10 ft 109 ft 0.04

Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 109 ft 0.04
5. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but are not limited to
fill, excavation, dredging, flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
Open Water Impact

Site Number
indicate on ma
Name of Waterbody
(if applicable)

Type of Impact Type of Waterbody

(lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay,
ocean, etc. Area of

Impact
acres
N/A

Total Open Water Impact (acres)
Page 4 of 8

6. List the cumulative im act to all Waters of the U.S. resultin from the ro'ect:
Stream Im act (acres): 0.04
Wetland Impact (acres): 0.07
en Water Im act (acres):
Total Im act to Waters of the U.S. (acres) 0.11
Total Stream Impact (linear feet): 109
7. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? ^ Yes ®No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USACE.
8. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond:
Size of watershed draining to pond:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Expected pond surface area:
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts. (see cover letter)
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 lineaz feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
Page 5 of 8

necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that maybe appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o. enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strmgide.html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, .conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
Mitigation required for wetland and stream impacts - EEP. See cover letter for details.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If use of the NCEEP is proposed, please
check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet): 109 ft
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square .feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): 0.07 ac
Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land? Yes ® No ^
Page 6 of 8

2. If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ® No ^
X.
3. If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter. Yes ® No ^
Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be cleazly identifiable on the accompanying site plan.. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
1. Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B .0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )? Yes ® No ^
2. If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(s uare feet) Multiplier Required
Miti ation
1 10,462 3 (2 for Catawba) Allowable
2 6,732 1.5 Allowable
Total 17,194 Allowable
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendiculaz from the top of the neaz bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additiona120 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, or Payment into the Riparian Buffer
Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as identified within 15A NCAC 2B
.0242 or .0244, or .0260. No mitigation is required. Buffer impacts resulting from road crossin>;s
of streams are either exempt or allowable if thev impact equal to or less than 40 ft and allowable
if the~mpact greater than 401inear feet but equal to or less than 1501inear feet or one-third acre
if riparian buffer. Impacts at Site 1 are 0.09 acres (35 ft) -exempt and at Site 2 impacts are 0.31
acres (120 ft) -allowable.
Page 7 of 8

XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site. Discuss
stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property. If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level. N/A
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or dischazge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
N/A
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application? Yes ^ No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact neazby downstream water quality? Yes ^ No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description:
See Indirect and Cumulative Effects Assessment Report
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
N/A
~~ ~~~~~~
Applicant/Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 8 of 8

Y
~Eco stem ,
~~~ ~~ i.
PROGRAM
January 4, 2005
Mr. Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Dear Dr. 'Thorpe:
Subject: EEP Mitigation Acceptance Letter:
JA 5 0 5
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
PD;EA-OFFICE OF NATURAL ENViR4NMENi
U-3344A, SR 3015 (Airport Boulevard) Widening, Wake County
The purpose of this letter is to notify you that the Ecosystem Enhancement Program
(EEP) will provide stream mitigation for the subject project. Based on the information supplied
by you in a letter dated December 29, 2004, the impacts are located in CU 03020201 of the Neuse
River Basin in the Central Piedmont (CP) Eco-Region, and are as follows:
Riverine Wetland Impacts: 0.07 acre
Stream Impacts: 109 feet (Warm)
As stated in your letter, the subject project is listed in Exhibit 2 of the Memorandum of
Agreement among the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the
North Carolina Department of Transportation, and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Wilmington District dated July 22, 2003. The mitigation for the subject project will be provided
in accordance with this agreement.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Ms. Beth
Harmon at 919-715-1929.
Sincerely,
~~
i iam D. Gilmore, P.E.
EEP Director
cc: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, USAGE-Raleigh
Mr. John Hennessy, Division of Water Quality, Wetlands/401 Unit
File: U-3344A
~.'c~SfUIr~LC9... ~ 1' ...~ ~L~. ~ ©~~
~~(,t%1~~.,' .%i %..`~L~:i~~s ~~~~''' ~r~2 NCDENR
J
North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program,165Z Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 21699-1652 / 919-115-0416 / www.nceep.net

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NAMES AND ADDRESSES
P.O. BOX 4128
1 DOVE ASSOCIATES IV LLC CARP, NC 27519-4128
1381 gILDAIRE FARM RD., STE. 281
2 FANELLI, THOMAS 8z BARBARA CARP, NC 27511-5525
PARCEL NO
HOLLOWELL, EDWARD E.
3 8c TRUSTEES FOR DOVE IVESTMENT
ASSOCIATES, LLC
4 FRITZ, ROBERT & JULIE
5 WATgINS, RANDY W.
NAMES
P.O. BOX 4128
CARP, NC 27519-4128
17 STREAMVIEW CT.
DURHAM, NC 27713
ADDRESSES
508 AIRPORT BLVD.
MORRISVILLE, NC 27560-9187
~~~®~
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
WAgE COUNTY
PROJECT: 9.8051709 (U-3344A)
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~~~®~
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
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PROJECT: 9.8051709 (U-3344A)
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Re. 2/16/05
Re. 8/19/0
SHEET OF ~ 12/18/02

PARCEL ~~®~~~ 1L 11 ®i'1' ~~~~
NAMES AND ADDRESSES
NO. NAMES ADDRESSES
P.O. BOX 4128
1 DOVE ASSOCIATES IV LLC CARP, NC 27519-4128
1381 gILDAIRE FARM RD., STE. 281
2 FANELLI, THOMAS & BARBARA
CARP, NC 27511-5525
HOLLOWELL, EDWARD E. P.O. BOX 4128
3 & TRUSTEES FOR DOVE IVESTMENT CARP, NC 27519-4128
ASSOCIATES, LLC
17 STREAMVIEW CT.
4 FRITZ, ROBERT 8z JULIE DURHAM, NC 27713
508 AIRPORT BLVD.
5 WATgINS, RANDY W. MORRISVILLE, NC 27560-9187
~~~®~
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
WAgE COUNTY
PROJECT: 9.8051709 (U-3344A)
MORRISVILLE - SR 3015 (AIRPORT
BLVD.) FROM NC 54 TO
M~CRIMMON PARgWAY
SHEET ~ ~ OF Q 9 / 4 / 02

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SUBJECT: Stormwater Management Plan for U-3344A, Wake County.
Widening SR 3015 (Airport Boulevard) from NC 54 to McCrimmon
Parkway.
ROADWAY DESCRIPTION:
The U-3344A project goal is to complete the widening for SR 3015 (Airport
Boulevard) to a five lane, curb and gutter section from McCrimmon Parkway to NC 55.
This will provide a continuous five lane section from I-40 to NC 55. The length of the
project is 0.62 miles. There are two existing stream crossings on the project. The first is
a 5' stream section between a 28" x 32" arched CMP and a 48" CMP. The second
crossing is at a 66" CMP in place to convey the water through the roadway
embankment. This pipe is proposed to be removed and replaced with a box culvert.
ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION:
The two stream crossings on the project are both within the Neuse River Basin.
The first is a 5' stream section between two existing pipes. Since less than 40 linear feet
of buffer will be impacted, this crossing is exempt. The second is an unnamed tributary
to Crabtree Creek. The tributary is not currently listed on the DENR stream classification
list, but Crabtree Creek, at the mouth of the tributary, is classified as Class C-NSW
(aquatic life, secondary recreation, and nutrient sensitive waters). There is one wetland
area within the project vicinity with a total impact of 0.07 Ac. Also, the proposed
widening will impact 109 feet of perenhial stream and 0.39 Ac. of riparian buffer.
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND MAJOR STRUCTURES:
Best Management Practices (BMP's) utilized on this project consist of Grassed
Swales and Level Spreaders.
The following summarizes the location of each BMP:
Grassed Swale:
Station 11+00 -Y3- to 20+50 -L- Right, Length = 170 ft.
Station 26+00 to 29+00 -L- Right, Length = 300 ft.
Level Spreader:
Station 38+17 -L- Right, Length = 88 ft.
Major Structures:
Station 37+40 -L- (Unnamed Tributary to Crabtree Creek), the existing 66" CMP
is proposed to be replaced with a single 8' x 8' Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert. The
proposed culvert will be buried 1.0 foot below the stream bed to promote passage for
aquatic life.

June 11, 2002
Subject: Draft Minutes Interagency Hydraulic Design Review Meeting on June 11,
2002, for U-3344A, Wake County to discuss 401 and Buffer Issues.
Participants:
David Chang - NCDOT Hydraulics
John Hennessy - NCDWQ
Marshall Clawson - NCDOT Hydraulics
Anne Hunt - NCDOT Hydraulics
There were only two possible buffer areas.
1. Station 23+25: This site is shown on the soils map as a stream but is now encased in a pipe system with a 10'
stream between pipes. Marshall Clawson described the proposed drainage system and showed the swale provided
to supply treatment. John Hennessy requested the 50' buffer outside the 10' gap be preserved and the length of the
swale be adequate for treatment.
2. Station 37+50: This site has an existing 72" pipe to be replaced with an 8' x 8' box culvert. Marshall Clawson
presented the drainage design and concrete level spreader provided for treahnent. John Hennessy commented on
the excellence of the design.

June 20, 2002
Subject: Draft Minutes Interagency Hydraulic Design 4B Review Meeting on June 20,
2002, for U-3344A, Wake County.
Team Members: Eric Alsmeyer - USACE (Present)
John Hennessy - NCDWQ (Present)
David Cox - NCWRC (*Absent)
Participants: David Chang - NCDOT Hydraulics
Jenny Fleming -Barbara H. Mulkey Engineering
Heather Montague - NCDOT PDEA
Marshall Clawson - NCDOT Hydraulics
Anne Hunt - NCDOT Hydraulics
* David could not attend due to a schedule conflict but did provide a set of half size plans with
comments. Comments reviewed and included in minutes.
T'he meeting began with Marshall Clawson giving a brief description of the project. The project is
the A section of the widening of a four lane shoulder section to a five lane curb and gutter which
abuts to the constructed B section of five lane curb and gutter. Two sites were discussed.
1. Station 23+25: This site is shown on the soils map as a stream but is now encased in a pipe
system with a 7.5' stream between pipes. A rock check dam used during the construction of an
industrial area was not removed after construction and created a wetland. Various discussions
about the swale through the wetland were conducted. It was decided that the swale was allowed
with a rock weir to be constructed at the elevation of 338 outside of sewer system easement.
Only the wetlands downstream of the constructed rock weir are to be counted as impacted.
2. Station 37+50: This site has an existing 72" pipe to be replaced with an 8' x 8' box culvert.
Marshall Clawson presented the drainage design and concrete level spreader provided for
treatment. It was decided to contain the buffer adjacent to the level spreader inside the PDE.

Subject:
Minutes from Interagency Permit Review Meeting on
October 17, 2002 for U-3344A (Airport Boulevard Widening),
Wake County
Participants:
Anne Gamber, NCDOT Hydraulics
David Chang, NCDOT Hydraulics
Galen Cail, NCDOT Hydraulics
*Zak Hamidi NCDOT Design Services
Team Members:
John Hennessy, NCDWQ (present)
David Cox, NCWRC (present)
Eric Alsmeyer, USACE (present)
Chris Militscher, EPA (absent)
Howard Hall, USFWS (absent)
Heather Montague, NCDOT PD&EA
*Zak was present at the meeting until it was determined there were no alignment issues.
The meeting began with Anne giving an overview of the project.
1) Buffer Limits: John brought up that the buffer limits were not shown correctly at the
inlet and outlets of drainage structures. The correction will show more area of buffer,
but as John noted, would not have any effect on mitigation since impacts are exempt.
Show quantity on the summary sheet as "Allowable".
2) Proposed Berm at Buffer: John questioned why there was not a proposed Swale.
coming to berm. Anne informed there is a natural swale that transports drainage to
the berm. It was mentioned that the berm was requested by John at the Hydraulic
Design Review Meeting on June 20, 2002.

Morrisville
Airport Boulevard (SR 3015) Widening
From NC 54 to McCrimmon Parkway
Wake County
State Project No. 9.8051709
TIP U-3344A
INDIRECT AND CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ASSESSMENT
Prepared for:
North Carolina Department of Transportation

v
A
Prepared By:
URS Corporation North Carolina
1600 Perimeter Park Drive
Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
January 2005

a.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary ..............................................................................................1
1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................. ..4
2.0 Project Description and Background ........................................................ ..5
2.1 Description ............................................................................................ ..5
2.2 Need for Action ..................................................................................... ..5
3.0 Eight Step ICE Assessment Process ....................................................... ..5
3.1 Step 1 -Study Area Boundaries .......................................................... ..6
3.1.1 Overview/Background ................................................................... ..6
3.1.2 ICE Study Area Delineation ........................................................... ..9
3.2 Step 2 -Study Area Characteristics, Directions, and Goals ................. 11
3.2.1 Overview ....................................................................................... 11
3.2.2 Population, Development, and Employment .................................. 11
3.2.3 Zoning, Land Use, and Transportation Planning ........................... 14
3.2.4 River Basin Overview/Water Quality Plans and Programs ............ 18
3.2.5 Transportation System Characteristics and Trends ....................... 28
3.3 Step 3 -Notable Environmental Features Inventory ............................ 33
3.3.1 Overview ....................................................................................... 33
3.3.2 Ecosystem Conditions ................................................................... 33
3.3.3 Socioeconomic Conditions ............................................................ 34
3.3.4 Notable Features Inventory Summary ........................................... 35
3.4 Step 4 -Impact-Causing Activities ....................................................... 36
3.5 Step 5 -Potential Indirect/Cumulative Impacts .................................... 37
3.5.1 Overview ....................................................................................... 37
3.5.2 Encroachment -Alteration Effects ................................................ 37
3.5.3 Potential Ecological Effects ........................................................... 37
3.5.4 Potential Socioeconomic Effects ................................................... 37
3.5.5 Potential Induced Growth Effects .................................................. 38
3.5.6 Land Development ........................................................................ 38
3.5.7 Complementary Land Development .............................................. 39
3.5.8 Intraregional Location Decisions ................................................... 39
3.5.9 Project Evaluation Context ............................................................ 39
3.6 Step 6 - Indirect/Cumulative Effects Analysis ...................................... 43
3.6.1 Overview ....................................................................................... 43
3.6.2 Future Conditions /Induced Development Analysis ....................... 43
3.7 Step 7 -Analysis Results Evaluation ................................................... 45
3.7.1 Overview ....................................................................................... 45
3.7.2 GIS Land Use Analysis .................................................................. 45
3.7.3 Conclusions ................................................................................... 47
3.8 Step 8 -Assessing the Consequences/Mitigation Development.......... 48
3.8.1 Mitigation Techniques for Encroachment-Alteration Effects .......... 48
3.8.2 Mitigation Techniques for Induced Growth .................................... 48
3.8.3 Techniques Available to the NCDOT ............................................. 48
3.8.4 Techniques Available to Other Entities .......................................... 48
3.8.5 Mitigation Techniques for Effects Related to Induced Growth ....... 50
3.8.6 Techniques Available to NCDOT ................................................... 50
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE

3.8.7 Techniques Available to Other Entities ..........................................51
3.8.8 Techniques for Systems Planning Stage .......................................51
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Population Trends .................................................................................11
Table 2: Population Projections ..........................................................................12
Table 3: Major Employers in the Triangle Region ...............................................13
Table 4: Employment Projections .......................................................................14
Table 5: Subbasin 03-04-02 ................................................................................24
Table 6: Surface Water Classifications for Bodies of Water within the ICE Project
Study Area ................................................................................................... 25
Table 7: Capacity Analysis and Levels of Service (Peak Hours) ........................30
Table 8: Morrisville Vicinity Transportation Projects ............................................31
Table 9: Vulnerable Elements of the Population .................................................35
Table 10: Direct and Possible Indirect Effects of the Airport Blvd Widening .......40
Table 11: Examples of Cumulative Effects .........................................................41
Table 12: Evaluation Matrix ................................................................................42
Table 13: Overview of Direct, Indirect, and Cumulative Effects ..........................43
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Geographic Location
Figure 2: Study Area
Figure 3: Office Land Use
Figure 4: Industrial Land Use
Figure 5: Retail Land Use
Figure 6: Residential Land Use
Figure 7: Current Land Use Map
Figure 8: Water Basin Geographic Location
Figure 9: Watershed Features
Figure 10: TIP Map
Figure 11: Population Projections
Figure 12: Employment Projections
Figure 13: Future Land Use Map
BIBLIOGRAPHY
. Bibliography
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A: Correspondences/Questionnaires
APPENDIX B: Check Lists
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE ii

Executive Summary
The purpose of this document to the extent reasonable and practical is to assess the
potential indirect and cumulative effects (ICE) that may' result from the incremental
effects of the proposed Airport Boulevard Widening Project (TIP U-3344A), from
McCrimmon Parkway to NC 54, and other past, present, and future development
activities in the same geographic region. The assessment of indirect and cumulative
effects is identified as a requirement under the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) of 1969, the North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), and the Council
on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations implementing NEPA. This document
applies the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Eight Step ICE
Assessment Process to the proposed Airport Boulevard Widening Project.
Airport Boulevard (SR 3015) is a heavily traveled north-south corridor providing
connectivity between NC 54 at the south and Interstate 40 (I-40) and the Raleigh-
Durham International Airport (RDU) at the north. From NC 54 to McCrimmon Parkway,
Airport Boulevard is a rural two-lane roadway and from McCrimmon Parkway to I-40, it is
an urban five-lane curb and gutter roadway. The reduction in travel lanes at McCrimmon
Parkway contributes to congestion in the southbound direction during peak commuter
travel times. With anticipated growth in this region, improvements to Airport Boulevard
will be an important part of the future transportation network in the region, which will
include the McCrimmon Parkway Extension and the Raleigh Outer Loop (I-540). The
cumulative effects of this project and other past, present, and future transportation
projects will have an impact on land development, travel patterns, and water resources.
The project will improve the level of service and provide adequate capacity for the
increasing volumes of motorists using Airport Boulevard. The 2000 ADT for the project
corridor was 9,500. By 2025, the projected ADT is 24,200. Increasing capacity will
create a safer and more efficient road that will directly benefit commuters who work
along the route or who rely on it to reach other major employment centers in the
Research Triangle Park and nearby communities. Completion of the project will fulfill
local, county, and state planning objectives.
Alteration of the behavior and functioning of the affected environment caused by project
encroachment can be characterized into two broad categories: socioeconomic and
ecological. A summary analysis of indirect and cumulative effects attributed to the
proposed project is provided below.
Socioeconomic Effects -Socioeconomic effects of transportation projects are the result
of changes in the physical nature of a community. These physical changes can cause
indirect/cumulative effects that can be magnified by the cumulative impacts of other
actions. Possible socioeconomic effects of the project include alterations to:
Population Trends -The study area's population is expected to remain relatively
flat through 2020, while the employment levels are expected to grow at a steady
rate. This is because the area is considered an employment center and contains
only a small amount of housing. However, with the development of more mass
transit opportunities and as land becomes scarcer the population is expected to
rise as future plans for high-density mixed use developments are realized.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE

Land Use/Development -The study area contains a variety of land uses, which
include offices/institutional, industrial, retail, and residential. The office uses are
mainly concentrated on the northwest side of Airport Boulevard in planned office
parks. Industrial sites are predominately located on the southeast side of Airport
Boulevard. Retail sites are scattered throughout the study area, but are
clustered around key intersections. The majority of the housing sites are
scattered intermittently along the corridor. Most of the remaining housing units
are remnants from the area before the extensive office, industrial, and retail
development.
The Morrisville Land Use Plan takes into account the community's principles and
goals in guiding future development. In the study area, numerous developments
have taken place in recent years that serve as indicators as to how the
undeveloped vacant parcels in the areas designated for office space, industrial,
and retail uses will be built out. In addition, new residential developments are
expected in the future that will likely be part of high density, mixed use projects.
These future land uses are highly probable based on the existing land uses,
proximity to Interstate 40, the future Western Wake County Expressway (I-540),
RDU, Triangle Transit Authority light rail system, and expected employment
growth in the region. In addition, extensions of McCrimmon Parkway and Airport
Boulevard will improve access to the area, increasing its attractiveness for
development.
Travel patterns -The project will improve the overall flow of traffic between
several existing and planned thoroughfares in Morrisville, including Airport
Boulevard, NC 54, and McCrimmon Parkway to I-40 and the Raleigh-Durham
International Airport.
Ecological Effects -Ecological effects of transportation projects are the result of changes
to the natural environment. Ecological changes likely as a result of this project include:
Water Resources -The increased proportion of the study area devoted to urban
land uses will put more strains on the water resources. Long term, these strains
can alter the availability and quality of hydrologic resources, both groundwater
and surface water. Modifications in land use may also affect the proportions of
ground water and surface runoff in rivers and streams. However, the following
federal, state, and local regulations are in place to protect surface water quality
and accommodate future growth.
o EPA National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) -Phase 11
Sformwater Rules
o North Carolina -Water Supply Watershed Protection Act
o North Carolina -Neuse River Basins Nutrient Sensitive Waters
Management
o Neuse River Basin Buffer Rules
o North Carolina - Nonpoint Source Program
U-3344A Ai-porf Boulevard Widening ICE 2

o Wake County -Land Use and Stormwater Regulations
Adhering to these regulations for the protection of surface waters should limit
direct and indirect effects to this important resource.
• Impaired Waters - A review of DWQ information shows that there are no 303(d)
waters within, nor adjacent to, the project study area.
General direction for assessing consequences and mitigation development is provided in
the Guidance for Assessing Indirect and Cumulative Impacts of Transportation Projects
in North Carolina, Volume ll: Practitioners Handbook.'
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE

1.0 Introduction
The purpose of this document to the extent reasonable and practical is to assess the
potential indirect and cumulative effects that may result from the incremental effects of
the proposed widening of Airport Boulevard (SR 3015), from NC 54 to McCrimmon
Parkway (TIP U-3344A), and other past, present, and future development activities in
the same geographic region as the project. Indirect effects are those effects that may
result from activities induced by the proposed action. For example, providing improved
access to rural areas could induce residential and commercial development. This, in
turn, could induce changes in population, travel patterns, and economic conditions,
which could consequently have indirect and cumulative impacts on air quality,
ecosystems, protected species, water quality, quality of life, etc.
The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) for Implementing the Procedural
Provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) defines "indirect effects"
(also referred to as "secondary effects") as "impacts on the environment, which are
caused by the action and are later in time or farther removed in distance, but are still
reasonably foreseeable."Z The CEQ regulations further state that indirect effects "...may
include growth-inducing effects and other effects related to induced changes in the
patterns of land use, population density or growth rate, and related effects on air and
water and other natural systems, including ecosystems." The CEQ defines "cumulative
impacts" as those "...which result from the incremental impact of the action when added
to other past, present and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what
agency (federal or nonfederal) or person undertakes such other actions." 3
Much of the general background information for this document was obtained from the
Morrisville, SR 3015 (Airport Boulevard) Widening Environmental Assessment,4
completed by the Project Development and Environmental Analysis (PDEA) branch of
the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) in consultation with the
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Knowledge of current study area
characteristics was obtained through field visits, phone interviews with local officials, and
the Airport Boulevard Indirect and Cumulative Effects Survey (Appendix A). The
analysis of the indirect and cumulative effects associated with this project was
conducted using the latest guidance available from federal and state regulatory
agencies. These include:
NCDOT/NCDENR's Revised Draft "Indirect and Cumulative Impact Assessment
Guidance: Integrated NEPA/SEPA/401 Eight-Step ICE Assessment Process" (May
2003).
CEQ Guidance "Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental
Policy Act" (1997).
NCDOT's "Guidance for Assessing Indirect and Cumulative Impacts of Transportation
Projects in North Carolina" (November 2001).
North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission's "Guidance Memorandum to Address
and Mitigate Secondary and Cumulative Impacts to Aquatic and Terrestrial Wildlife
Resources and Water Quality" (August 2002).
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 4

The following sections of this document include a description of the project and its
background, and the ICE assessment process. The NCDOT/NCDENR Guidance for
Assessing Indirect and Cumulative Impacts of Transportation Projects in North Carolinas
entails a systematic approach to indirect and cumulative impacts that includes an eight-
step assessment process. This ICE assessment specifically incorporates procedures to
address impacts from a water quality perspective by evaluating the relationship between
transportation, land use, and the hydrology, channel stability, water quality, and
biodiversity of affected streams.
2.0 Project Description and Background
This section describes the proposed action and states the purpose and need for the
project. The project description and purpose and need are obtained from the Morrisville,
Airport Boulevard Widening from NC 54 to 1-40, Environmental Assessment (EA).s
2.1 Description
The proposed project will widen existing Airport Boulevard (SR 3015) in Morrisville from
NC 54 to McCrimmon Parkway. The length of the project is approximately 0.6 miles.
The proposed cross-section is a five-lane roadway with curb and gutter. Best fit
widening (a combination of symmetric and asymmetric widening that minimizes impacts
to the human and natural environment) will be implemented.
2.2 Need for Action
The project will improve the level of service and provide adequate capacity for the
increasing volumes of motorists using Airport Boulevard (SR 3015). The 2000 ADT for
the project corridor was 9,500. By 2025, the projected ADT is 24,200. Increasing
capacity of Airport Boulevard from McCrimmon Parkway to Chapel Hill Road will create
a safer and more efficient road that will directly benefit daily commuters who work along
the route or who rely on it to reach other major employment centers in the Research
Triangle Park and nearby communities. Completion of the project will fulfill local, county,
and state planning objectives. With anticipated growth in this region, improvements to
Airport Boulevard will be an important part of the future transportation network in the
region, which will include the McCrimmon Parkway Extension, the Raleigh Outer Loop (1-
540), and the expansion of the Raleigh-Durham International Airport facilities.
3.0 Eight Step ICE Assessment Process
The assessment of indirect and cumulative effects is identified as a requirement under
the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, the North Carolina
Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), and under the Council on Environmental Quality
(CEQ) regulations implementing NEPA. The purpose of the NCDOT Eight Step ICE
Assessment Process is to provide a standardized procedure for implementing the rules
and legislation required for analysis and assessment of indirect and cumulative effects of
transportation projects as part of the NEPA/SEPA process. The eight steps in the
assessment process are:
1. Defining the Study Area Boundaries
2. Identify the Study Area's Directions and Goals
U-3344A Airpo-f Boulevard Widening ICE

3. Inventory Notable Features
4. Identify Impact-Causing Activities
5. Identify Potential Indirect/Cumulative Impacts for Analysis
6. Analyze Indirect/Cumulative Effects
7. Evaluate Analysis Results
8. Assess the Consequences and Develop Appropriate Mitigation and
Enhancement Strategies
This document applies the eight-step assessment process to the Airport Boulevard
widening project. Work products of each step are provided in the form of supporting
text, tables, figures, technical memorandums, and comprehensive checklists.
3.1 Step 1-Study Area Boundaries
3.1.1 Overview/Background
A study area was developed to serve as a basis from which to gather specific
demographic, socioeconomic, land use, and environmental data for identification of
potential indirect and cumulative effects.
The project is located in Morrisville within Wake County and the Piedmont Region of
North Carolina (See Figure 1). The Piedmont Region is a transitional area between the
Appalachian Mountains and the flat coastal plains consisting of pine and hardwood
woodlands. The dominant natural features are the Neuse River and its associated
floodplains and wetland systems.
A study area was developed to serve as a basis from which to gather specific
demographic, socioeconomic, land use, and environmental data for identification of
potential indirect and cumulative effects. According to the Guidance for Assessing
Indirect and Cumulative Impacts of Transportation Projects in North Carolina, in general,
"study areas should encompass the project or plan alternatives in their entirety and also
include the surrounding physical, social, and natural resources that could be expected to
be impacted by the project or plan."' Because of this, no one set distance is used to
define the study area. Factors considered when determining the study area are
discussed below.
Political/Geographic
Transportation Analysis Zone (TAZ) boundaries are determined by Municipal Planning
Organizations (MPO) and are used to measure socioeconomic and demographic trends
to help plan for transportation needs. When using TAZ for study areas, they should
always be chosen to increase the size of the study area, rather than decrease the size.
This is done so that all potential impacts are taken into account. Demographic and
socioeconomic trend and projection data at the TAZ level was obtained from the Capital
Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO).
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 6

Commute Shed/Labor Shed
A commute shed measures the distance and time traveled by residents of a particular
area to work. On the other hand, a labor shed measures the distance and time traveled
by employees of an area from their residences. Therefore, this factor is important when
considering projects that encompass bedroom communities, employment centers, or
major thoroughfares that connect residential and employment areas.
Airport Boulevard is a major thoroughfare used predominately by commuters who work
near the roadway as they commute to and from work. However, when considering the
scope of the project compared to the size of the labor shed; it was determined that the
commute shed/labor shed boundaries are not appropriate to include as a part of the
study area.
Growth Boundavies/Service Anea Limits
Growth boundaries and service area limits restrict the land area with which a unit of
government has agreed to provide municipal services and infrastructure. This often
includes water, sewer, garbage collection, police and fire protection, and public
transportation. The purpose of growth boundaries is to prevent sprawl and to keep down
the costs of providing services by concentrating development in specific areas.
According to the Morrisville Land Use Plan, the Airport Boulevard widening project is
located within the urban services area. The urban services area extends north to I-40
and south to Davis Drive.
Watershed
The project is contained within the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (NCDENR) Division of Water Quality's (DWQ) Neuse River Basin
watershed. The river basin is located entirely within the state's boundaries and flows
southeast from the Piedmont near Roxboro to the Pamlico Sound near New Bern.
The Neuse River Basin is divided into 14 subbasins. The Airport Boulevard widening
project is located entirely within subbasin 03-04-02 in the northern region of the Neuse
River Basin.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 7

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The project team considered likely project impacts to the surrounding physical, social,
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based on TAZ geography provided by the CAMPO. The study area surrounds the
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Figure 2 shows the ICE assessment study area.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 9

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3.2 Step 2 -Study Area Characteristics, Directions, and Goals
3.2.1 Overview
The purpose of this section is to describe the setting of the study area, which will serve
as a basis from which to evaluate potential indirect and cumulative effects associated
with the project. The information developed in this section will also support the future
growth assumptions used to assess the project's potential to induce growth and
development.
To derive perspective and develop a comprehensive understanding of the issues in the
evaluation of indirect/cumulative effects, it is necessary to identify the growth and
development trends affecting the study area. Understanding characteristics of the study
area such as community, municipality, and agency goals and directions and,
demographic, economic, social, transportation and ecological trends provides essential
context for understanding project-induced growth.
3.2.2 Population, Development, and Employment
Population
The Research Triangle Region had the fastest growing population rate between 1990
and 2000 of any region in North Carolina.e Table 1: Population Trends presents relevant
population trends of the study area from 1980 to 2000, which include the State of North
Carolina, Research Triangle, Morrisville, and Wake County.9
Table 1: Population Trends

.Study Area*
No Data
No Data
168
No Data .-
No Data
Morrisville** 251 1,022 5,208 307.2 409.6
Wake County** 301,429 423,380 627,846 40.5 48.3
Research Triangle** 927,768 1,151,397 1,549,822 24.1 34.6
North Carolina** 5,880,095 6,632,448 8,049,477 12.8 21.4
*Source: Capital Area M etropolitan Plannin g Organization, htt p~/Mrww.raleiah -nc.ora/cameo/I ndex.htm.
October 2004.
**Source: US Census, 2000 (Information supplied by N.C. Department of Budget & Management, 2000 &
2001).
Population Projections
Wake County is projected to grow at a higher percentage rate than the state of North
Carolina through 2030. The study area's population is expected to remain relatively flat
until 2020. Between 2020 and 2030, however, the study area is expected to experience
a significant change in population from a projected 205 to 1,781. Table 2 shows
population projections for the State of North Carolina, Wake County, and the Study Area
through 2030.10
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 11

Table 2: Population Projections
Study Area** 168 168 205 1,781 960.1
Morrisville** 14,452 16,649 21,410 28,499 97.2
Wake County** 735,243 880,865 1,168,295 1,381,645 87.9
North Carolina* 8,307,748 9,441,440 10,943,973 12,467,232 50.1
"North Carolina State Demographics Unit, County/State Population Projections, http://demog.state.nc.us/, October 2004
"" Source: Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization, http://www.sleigh-nc.org/cameo/Index.htm. October 2004.
Development
Strong economic conditions in the Triangle region have spurred development in a
pattern that has radiated out from the major regional employment centers of Chapel Hill,
Durham, Research Triangle Park, and Raleigh. This pattern of growth has substantially
affected development in western Wake County and Morrisville, as it has experienced
substantial growth in both population and employment. Airport Boulevard has become a
major center for development since it serves as the primary link between the Raleigh-
Durham International Airport and I-40 to and NC 54. The development that has recently
occurred in the study area has been in the sectors of offices, light industry, and
commercial. The proximity of the area to major transportation facilities has made land
along Airport Boulevard attractive to developers, businesses, and industry.
Employment
The major employment center of the Research Triangle Region is Wake and Durham
counties. Due to a high concentration of jobs in Wake and Durham counties, many
people commute into these counties from the surrounding communities. Raleigh, the
state capital, is located in Wake County where there are approximately 23,230 state
employees. Table 4 lists the major employers in the Research Triangle Region, their
location, and the number of employees."
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 12

Table 3: Major Employers in the Triangle Region
._
State of North Carolina
Wake .. --
23,230
Duke University & Medical Center Durham 17,421
University of North Carolina Orange 15,588
International Business Machine (IBM) Durham 14,000
Wake County Public School System Wake 12,500
North Carolina State University Wake 7,787
UNC Healthcare Orange 5,473
GlaxoSmithKline Durham and Wake 5,000
Wake Medical Center Wake 5,000
SAS Institute Wake 4,841
Durham Public School System Durham 4,500
Moore Regional Hospital Moore 4,500
NORTEL Networks Durham 4,000
Blue Cross & Blue Shield of NC Durham and Orange 3,873
Rex Healthcare Wake 3,779
Progress Energy (CP&L) Wake 3,428
Wake County Government Wake 3,300
City of Raleigh Wake 3,000
Cisco Systems Wake 2,800
Verizon Communications Durham and Wake 2,800
Revlon Granville 2,610
Durham Regional Hospital Durham 2,263
Harnett County Public Schools Harnett 2,055
MCI WorldCom Wake 2,000
Sources Research Triangle Regional Partnership, www. researchtriangle.o
November 2004.
rg, 11
Based on the strong and diverse economy of Research Triangle Park and the larger
metropolitan region, employment growth is expected to remain strong in future years.
Wake County is expected to increase over 134 percent from 2002 to 2030. The study
area will be a large part of this growth as it is projected to increase from 5,731 to 58,688
employees. Table 4shows the projected employment levels for Wake County and the
study area.12
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 13

Table 4: Employment Projections
3.2.3 Zoning, Land Use, and Transportation Planning
Overview
The study area is located within the municipal boundaries of the Town of Morrisville.
Morrisville has a zoning ordinance, land use plan, and transportation plan in place. In
addition, CAMPO conducts transportation planning for Wake County.
Zoning and Land Use Planning
Zoning is a legal mechanism that local governments use to 1) Promote the health,
safety, and general welfare of the people by facilitating development that does not hinder
these core values, 2) Promote the most appropriate land uses by taking into account the
character of the land, 3) Provide adequate provisions in relation to the infrastructure
improvements that accompany development (transportation, water, sewer, schools,
parks, etc.), and 4) Prevent a conflict of land use by regulating the size, use, and type of
structure. Therefore, the zoning within the study area will help determine how and
where the land uses may change in the future.
Similar to zoning, land use planning is set up to guide the development and
redevelopment process of land. However, instead of identifying and restricting the land
use at the individual parcel level, land use plans are set up to consider the use of land
more broadly in context to the character, vision, and goals of the neighborhood and
community. But, it still takes into account the principles of zoning in that it looks at
compatibility of land uses and the availability of resources. Often, the zoning of
individual parcels is based on land use plans. The study area is within the Town of
Morrisville's Future Land Use Plan that was adopted in 1999, and amended in 2003. It
contains information on existing land uses and what the planned future land uses are.
Existing Zoning and Land Use
The study area contains a variety of land uses, which include offices/institutional,
industrial, retail, and residential. The office uses are mainly concentrated on the
northwest side of Airport Boulevard in planned office parks (See Figure 3). Industrial
sites are predominately located on the southeast side of Airport Boulevard (See Figure
4). Retail sites are scattered throughout the study area, but are clustered around key
intersections. The majority of the housing sites are scattered intermittently along the
corridor. Most of the remaining housing units are remnants from the area before the
extensive office, industrial, and retail development. The current Land Use Map is shown
in Figure 7.
U-3344A Airpo~f Boulevard Widening ICE 14
"Source: Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization, http~//www.raleiah-nc.oro/camoo/Index.htm.
November 2004.

Figure 3: Office Land Use
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U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 16
Figure 5: Retail Land Use
Figure 6: Residential Land Use

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Future Land Use
The Morrisville Land Use Plan takes into account the community's principles and goals
in guiding future development. In the study area, numerous developments have taken
place in recent years that serve as indicators as to how the undeveloped land will
ultimately be developed. It is expected that over the next 20 to 30 years, the vacant
parcels in the areas designated for office space, industrial, and retail uses will be built
out. In addition, new residential developments are expected in the future that will likely
be part of high density, mixed use projects. These future land uses are highly probable
based on the existing land uses, proximity to Interstate 40, the future Western Wake
County Expressway (I-540), the Raleigh-Durham International Airport, the Triangle
Transit Authority light rail system, and expected employment growth in the region.
Transportation Planning
The study area is located in the transportation planning jurisdiction of CAMPO. CAMPO
serves as an intergovernmental agency to bring local public officials, citizens, and the
NCDOT together to facilitate a cooperative effort in handling transportation issues and
long range multi-modal transportation planning. CAMPO consists of the Towns of Apex,
Cary, Fuquay-Varina, Garner, Holly Springs, Knightdale, Morrisville, Rolesville, Wake
Forest, Wendell, Zebulon, the City of Raleigh, the County of Wake, the Triangle Transit
Authority (TTA) and the NCDOT in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration
(FHWA) and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA).
In 2004, CAMPO updated its Long Range Transportation Plan. The plan set the design
year for 2030 and included current and future projections and analysis of travel and land
use, based on population, economic conditions, anticipated land use patterns, and field
investigations of proposed thoroughfare alternatives.13
In addition to CAMPO, the Town of Morrisville has created its own transportation plan.
The Morrisville Transportation Plan compares the current infrastructure to the expected
growth in population and employees in relation to land uses. Based on this analysis, it
makes recommendations for future transportation improvements that will adequately
handle future transportation needs.14
3.2.4 River Basin Overview/Water Quality Plans and Programs
Basinwide water quality planning is anon-regulatory watershed-based approach to
restoring and protecting the quality of North Carolina's surface waters prepared by the
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water
Quality (DWQ) for each of the 17 major river basins in the state. The plans are revised at
five-year intervals.
The goals of basinwide planning are to:
• Identify water quality problems and restore full use to impaired waters;
• Identify and protect high value resource waters; and
• Protect unimpaired waters yet allow for reasonable economic growth.
DWQ accomplishes these goals through the following objectives:
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 18

• Collaborate with other agencies to develop appropriate management strategies;
• Assure equitable distribution of waste assimilative capacity;
• Better evaluate cumulative effects of pollution; and
• Improve public awareness and involvement.
The long-range mission of basinwide management is to provide a means of addressing
the complex problem of planning for increased development and economic growth, while
protecting and/or restoring the quality and intended uses of the Neuse River basin's
surface waters. In striving towards its mission, DWQ's highest priority goals are to:
• Identify and restore impaired waters in the basin;
• Identify and protect high value resource waters and biological communities of
special importance; and
• Protect unimpaired waters while allowing for reasonable economic growth.
The project study area designated for the assessment of the ICE for the Airport
Boulevard Widening (TIP No. U-3344) is contained within the Neuse River Watershed
subbasin 03-04-02, which is a NCDENR; DWQ watershed. General information about
each basin and respective subbasin is included below. See Figure 8 for the geographic
setting of the subasin. See Figure 9 for the location of the ICE project study area in
relation to the watershed features.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
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General Water Quality in the Neuse River Basin
The Neuse River Basin is the state's third largest river basin. The river basin is located
entirely within the state's boundaries and originates in north central North Carolina in
Person and Orange counties and flows southeasterly until it reaches tidal waters
upstream of New Bern where the river broadens and changes to a tidal estuary that
eventually flows into the Pamlico Sound. Major tributaries of the Neuse River include
the Eno and Flat Rivers, Crabtree Creek, Swift Creek, Little River, Contentnea Creek,
and the Trent River.
The Neuse River Basin encompasses all or portions of 18 counties and 74
municipalities. The most populated regions of the basin are in and around the cities of
Raleigh, Durham, Hillsborough, Cary, Apex, and Wake Forest, and around other larger
municipalities such as Goldsboro, Wilson, Greenville, Kinston, New Bern, and Havelock.
The overall population density is 211 persons per square mile compared to a statewide
average of 152 persons per square mile. The Neuse River Basin contains some of the
most heavily populated areas in the State.
The basin contains a full array of estuarine wetland communities such as salt marsh, as
well as nonriverine and riverine wetlands and important upland communities due to its
extensive landscape position across the State. A wide variety of species inhabit these
communities, including many rare plants and animals. Freshwater mussel species are
also an important resource in the Neuse River Basin with 18 species being found in the
Basin and 7 of those species currently receiving federal protection. The majority of
Neuse River Basin mollusks inhabit small streams within rapidly developing areas of the
Piedmont and upper Coastal Plain regions. Freshwater fish species of recreational
importance are found throughout the basin ranging from small streams to the estuary
waters of the Trent River and Pamlico Sound. Anadromous fish species are found in the
Neuse River and it's associated tributaries, several of these have recently been
designated as Inland Primary Nursery Areas.
Waters are classified according to their best-intended uses. Determining how well a
waterbody supports its designated use is an important method of interpreting water
quality data and assessing water quality. The use support ratings refer to whether the
classified uses of the water are fully supported, partially supported, or not supported.
Streams rated as either partially or not supporting are considered impaired". In 2001,
approximately 91 percent of estuarine and freshwater acres in the basin were monitored
for aquatic life use. Of those acres monitored, approximately 9 percent of the estuarine
waters were considered impaired. There were no impaired freshwater acres.
In addition to monitoring for aquatic life usage, a fish consumption category is also
applied to all waters in the state. Approximately two percent of stream miles and 100
percent of coastline miles in the Basin were monitored. All waters are considered to be
impaired and the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (NCDHHS)
has issued corresponding fish consumption advisories. 15
Water Quality Plans for the Neuse River Basin
The first basinwide plan for the Neuse River Basin was completed in March 1993 with
subsequent revisions in December and July 2002.
U-3344A Airpo-f Boulevard Widening ICE 22

The long-range mission of basinwide management is to provide a means of addressing
the complex problem of planning for increased development and economic growth, while
protecting and/or restoring the quality and intended uses of the Neuse River Basin's
surface waters.
Neuse River Subbasin 03-04-02
This subbasin is located in the eastern Piedmont physiographic region of North Carolina.
Four counties have land area in this subbasin; Durham, Franklin, Johnston, and Wake
and also contains the municipalities of Raleigh, Wake Forest, Cary, Garner, Clayton,
Smithfield, and Knightdale. Population growth in this subbasin is one of the highest in
the State and population density ranges between 1,600 - 3,200 persons/square mile.
Land use within the 03-04-02 subbasin is divided between the more intensive land uses
of urban development (30 percent) and agricultural (16 percent) with "protected" land
uses such as forested and wetland areas (53 percent).
There are 52 permitted National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
dischargers in the subbasin. The largest are Raleigh Neuse WWTP (60 MGD), Central
Johnston WWTP (4.5 MGD), Cary North WWTP (12 MGD), Little Creek WWTP (1.9
MGD), and Wake Forest WWTP (2.4 MGD). There are also 5 individual NPDES
stormwater permits in the subbasin.
Streams in Subbasin 03-04-02 are typically low-gradient with sluggish pools separated
by riffles with occasional small rapids. These streams tend to have low summer flows
and limited ability to assimilate oxygen-consuming wastes.
Table 5 gives an overview of Subbasin 03-04-02.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 23

Table 5: Subbasin 03-04-02

Total area: 726 mil
Land area: 724 miZ
Water area: 2 miz
•..
2000 Population: 547,580
Pop. Density: 808 persons/mil
'~
Forest/VVetland: 53
Surface Water: ~
Urban: 30
Cultivated Crop: 13
Pasture/Managed Herbaceous: 3

Durham, Franklin, Johnston, Wake

Raleigh, Wake Forest, Cary, Garner, Clayton, Smithfield, Knightdale
Source: NCDENR's Neuse River Basinwide Water Quality Plan, (July 2002).
Impaired Waters in Subbasin 03-04-02
There were 243 stream miles (47 percent) and 1,065 reservoir acres (95 percent)
monitored during this assessment period in the aquatic life category. Approximately 28
,~
percent of the stream miles are considered impaired by nonpoint source pollution.
Specifically, a portion of Black Creek, Crabtree Creek, Hare Snipe Creek, Little Creek,
Marsh Creek, Mine Creek, Perry Creek, Pidgeon House Branch, Richlands Branch, Swift
Creek, and Toms Creek were identified as impaired in the NCDENR; DWQ Neuse River
Basinwide Water Quality Plan (2002).
Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) requires states to develop a list of waters
not meeting water quality standards or which have impaired uses. Listed waters must
be .prioritized, and a management strategy or total maximum daily load (TMDL) must be
developed for all listed waters. Based on this listing of impaired waters located in
Subbasin 03-04-02, there are not any impaired waters located in the project study area.
Watershed Classifications
In addition to the priority areas discussed previously, the study area is located between
two water supply watersheds. The water supply watershed to the west is located in the
Cape Fear River Basin. This watershed is categorized as WS-IV NSW, which are waters
used as sources of water supply for drinking, culinary, or food processing purposes for
those users where a WS-I, WS-II, or WS-III classification is not feasible. WS-IV waters
are generally located within moderately to highly developed watersheds. The project
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 24

area does not drain into the Cape Fear River; therefore, no adverse effects are
anticipated. The water supply watershed, also categorized as WS-IV NSW, to the east
drains to the Neuse River but is located approximately 8 miles from the study area. Due
to the distance, no adverse effects are anticipated.
All other major and minor tributaries located within the ICE project study area have a
best usage classification of C (freshwater) with a NSW modifier (See Table 6). The C
classification means waters suitable for aquatic life propagation and maintenance of
biological integrity (including fishing, fish and primary nursery areas), wildlife, secondary
recreation, agriculture, and any other usage except for primary recreation or as a source
of water supply for drinking, culinary, or food processing. The NSW or Nutrient Sensitive
Waters supplemental modifier is a particular set of water quality standards establishing
the level of water quality that must be maintained in the water body to support the uses
associated with it. NSW classification outlines protective management strategies aimed
at controlling point and non-point source pollution.
Table 6: Surface Water Classifications for Bodies of Water within the ICE Project
Study Area

Brier Creek
C NSW ..
03-04-02 .- .•
27-33-4
Stirrup Iron Creek C NSW 03-04-02 27-33-4-2
Unnamed Tributary to Stirrup Iron Creek C NSW 03-04-02 N/A
Unnamed Tributary to Stirrup Iron Creek C NSW 03-04-02 N/A
Unnamed Tributary to Stirrup Iron Creek C NSW 03-04-02 N/A
Unnamed Tributary to Crabtree Creek C NSW 03-04-02 N/A
Unnamed Tributary to Crabtree Creek C NSW 03-04-02 N/A
source: NCDENR: DWQ website httg~//h2o enr stat e nc uslbims/Re~ orts/reoortsWB.html
(Accessed November 2004).
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE Z5

Existing Federal, State and Local Regulatory Mechanisms Related to Limiting
Potential Cumulative Effects to Waters of the Neuse River Basin
North Carolina -Water Supply Watershed Protection Act
The North Carolina General Assembly adopted the Water Supply Watershed Protection
Act, in 1989.16 The resulting Water Supply Watershed Protection Rules, adopted in
1992, required that all local governments having land use jurisdiction within water supply
watersheds adopt and implement water supply watershed protection ordinances, maps,
and a management plan. State water supply protection rules describe five protective
classifications for surface water supplies: WS-I, WS-II, WS-III, WS-IV, and WS-V." The
State uses these classifications to determine the type of point source discharges it will
permit in each water supply watershed. The classifications are also used to determine
what set of water supply watershed standards local governments must implement to
control non-point source pollution (mainly storm water runoff). Each water supply
watershed, however classified, has a "critical area," which is that part of the watershed
closest to the water supply source, where it is most important to minimize the discharge,
and maximize the filtration, of potential pollutants.
North Carolina -Neuse River Basins Nutrient Sensitive Wafers Management
The Neuse River Basin Nutrient Sensitive Waters Management Strategies were
established by the Environmental Management Commission (EMC) and codified as state
law. Under these rules all waters in each basin, regardless of primary use classification,
are also classified as Nutrient Sensitive Waters (NSW). The established rules relate to,
among others, protection and maintenance of riparian areas, wastewater discharges,
and urban stormwater management.
The Rules established protections regarding encroachment and impact to existing 50-
foot wide riparian buffers directly adjacent to all intermittent streams, perennial streams,
lakes, ponds, and estuaries in the Neuse River Basin to maintain their nutrient removal
functions. Minimum nutrient control requirements applicable to all NPDES permitted
wastewater treatment facilities that receive nitrogen-bearing wastewater were
established to maintain and restore water quality in the Neuse River Estuary and protect
their designated uses.
In addition, under the Rules local governments within the respective basins were
required to develop and implement local stormwater management program plans that
address nitrogen reductions for both existing and new development, including the
stipulation that the nitrogen load contributed by new development activities is held at 70
percent of the average nitrogen load contributed by the 1995 land uses of the non-urban
areas of the basins. The City of Raleigh has such programs in place and in addition,
based on population growth and other factors, the Town of Morrisville and/or other
incorporated areas in the project planning area may be required by the EMC to comply
with these stormwater requirements by establishing a stormwater management plan.
North Carolina -Nonpoint Source Program
The North Carolina Nonpoint Source Management Program consists of a broad
framework of federal, state, and local resource and land management agencies. These
agencies administer programs that are directly related to nonpoint source pollution
management within the state. The nature of nonpoint source pollution is such that
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 26

involvement at the local level is imperative. Basinwide Water Quality Plans identify
watersheds that are impaired by nonpoint sources of pollution. Identification, status
reports, and recommendations are intended to provide the best available information to
local groups and agencies interested in improving water quality. The plans also make
available information regarding federal, state, and local water quality initiatives aimed at
reducing or preventing nonpoint source pollution.
Neuse River Basins -Buffer Rules
In conjunction with the Nonpoint Source Program, the North Carolina Environmental
Management Commission adopted rules to protect 50-foot riparian buffers in both the
Tar-Pamlico and Neuse River Basins. The purpose of the rules is to protect and
conserve existing riparian buffers to maintain their nutrient removal functions. These
rules apply to all jurisdictional surface waters within the respective river basins, and are
administered by the Division of Water Quality (DWQ).
Wake County -Land Use and Stormwater Regulations
As previously mentioned, the state Water Supply Watershed Protection Act makes local
governments primarily responsible for controlling non-point source discharges within
water supply watersheds, by requiring local governments to adopt land use regulations
that meet the state's minimum water supply watershed requirements. Wake County's
water supply watershed protection regulations are intended to meet all of the state's
minimum requirements, and to exceed those requirements as needed, based on past
County practices and policies, which predated the State's Water Supply Watershed
Protection Act.
Wake County protects water quality in water supply watersheds by applying land use
and development regulations that are designed to keep impervious surface coverage low
and to provide adequate infiltration of runoff water into the ground. They do so through
the following measures:
• Limiting the density of residential development,
• Limiting the impervious surface coverage of nonresidential development,
• Requiring vegetated buffers along watercourses,
• Limiting nonresidential land uses to those with characteristics less likely to
adversely affect water quality,
• Controlling the storage and use of hazardous materials, and
• Applying design standards to minimize adverse water quality impacts.
Wake County requires new development in all water supply watersheds to maintain
watershed buffers along perennial streams (as shown on U.S.G.S. topographic maps) as
well as along any other streams that drain at least 25 acres. It also requires new
development to maintain drainageway buffers along drainageways, or around water
impoundments, that drain at least 5 acres, but less than 25 acres. Further, Wake
County also helps ensure protection of water supply sources by applying certain design
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 27

standards to all development within a water supply watershed. Those standards require
all new development, to the maximum extent practicable, to minimize impervious surface
coverage, direct storm water runoff away from surface waters, incorporate Best
Management Practices (BMPs) to minimize water quality impacts, and transport storm
water runoff by vegetated conveyances.
These Wake County land use and development regulations help to maintain water
quality and direct more dense growth out of water supply watersheds and into urbanizing
areas.
Potential Impacts
Direct project related impacts to water quality features are described in Section 4.10.6 of
the Environmental Assessment (EA) approved in July 1996. 1e Indirect and long-term
cumulative effects on water resources, whether groundwater or surface water, are more
difficult to quantify. The increased proportion of the study area devoted to urban land
uses will be accompanied by more impervious surfaces that block or redirect recharge
and more storm drains that divert precipitation into streams instead of aquifers and
increase erosion rates over time. Long term, this can alter the availability and quality of
hydrologic resources, both groundwater and surface water. Modifications in land use
may also affect the proportions of ground water and surface runoff in rivers and streams,
which can affect the chemistry, temperature, and general quality of water for human
consumption, aquatic habitats, and general wildlife uses.
In addition, multiple federal, state and local regulations are in place in the study area
protecting surface water quality and designed to accommodate future growth. Adhering
to established Best Management Practices and other local regulations for the protection
of surface waters should limit direct and indirect impacts to these important features.
Avoidance and minimization measures designated during the planning study, often
requiring long-term interagency cooperation, should not be discarded after NEPA
compliance is established. Only by actively adhering to all regulations and commitments,
can the potential indirect and long-term cumulative effects be mitigated.
In the end, the decision to protect water quality or to increase development is a matter of
local political will and long-range planning. Based on the recent policies of the Wake
County Commission, this project is expected to have limited impact on growth within
their watershed protection area.
3.2.5 Transportation System Characteristics and Trends
Intermodal Relationships
The proposed project passes through the Town of Morrisville, in an area characterized
by office and industrial parks and commercial properties. The predominant mode of
transportation is the automobile. The immediate project area has limited railroad,
airport, and bus service to supplement the transportation system provided by the
proposed project, I-40, NC 54, and other major roadways. The following section
describes the other types of transportation available within or near the study area.
• Passenger Rail -Currently, the nearest passenger rail service available in the
project study area is an Amtrak station in Cary, approximately 5 miles from the
project. Service is offered throughout the state, and to other Amtrak destinations
nationwide. In addition, the TTA expects to begin a passenger light rail system in
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 28

2007, which will serve the Triangle Region. This plan includes a route that will
pass through the southern section of the project study area, just to the south of
NC 54. A train station to serve this route is expected to be located in downtown
Morrisville.
Freight Rail -There is one railroad that runs through the southern portion of the
project study area. It is owned by the North Carolina Railroad Company, but
CSX, Norfolk Southern, and Amtrak each operate on the track. There are also
several other freight carriers that have rail lines that cross through the Triangle
Region that operate as both local short line railroads and carriers that offer
service throughout the eastern seaboard and nationwide.
Trucking -The location of Morrisville and Wake County in the geographic center
of North Carolina and its proximity to national trade routes makes it an attractive
location for expanding manufacturing businesses and trucking operations. Within
half days trucking to deep-water ports in wlmington, North Carolina; Morehead
City, North Carolina; Charleston, South Carolina, and Norfolk, Virginia that
handle containerized and break-bulk cargo.
Bus Service -The TTA offers bus service through Morrisville along NC 54
(Chapel Hill Road). The TTA also provides a Vanpool service and an Airport
Shuttle to RDU. In addition to local transit service, Greyhound offers bus
transportation throughout the state and nationwide. The nearest Greyhound stop
to the project study area is in downtown Durham, approximately 14 miles from
the project.
• Sidewalks - No sidewalks currently exist along the widening project. However, in
the Morrisville Transportation Plan, it calls for sidewalks to be installed as
roadway work is done.
• Greenways -Morrisville has plans for a greenway system along McCrimmon
Parkway. While not fully constructed yet, it is included in the Morrisville
Transportation Plan and land has been set aside for the project.
• Bicycle Accommodations -There currently are no bicycle routes along the
project corridor. However, The Morrisville Transportation Plan recommends that
wide outside lanes be included in roadways to accommodate bicyclists, including
along Airport Boulevard. In addition, there are plans for off street paths and
private pathways throughout Morrisville.
• Airports -The Raleigh-Durham International Airport is located just to the north of
the study area, near the I-40 and I-540 interchanges. The airport is open to
public use. It has several lighted asphalt runways that range in length from 3,570
feet to 10,000 feet long and range from 100 to 150 feet wide. The airport serves
as a regional airport for passengers seeking domestic flights throughout the
country, as well as a select number of international flights. Aside from
commercial flights, the airport also is used for charter, cargo, and military flights.
Appendix 8-7 provides an organization and tabulation of study area goals checklist.
Appendix 8-2 provides a study area directions and goals checklist.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 29

System Linkage and Transportation Demand
The existing segment of Airport Boulevard from McCrimmon Parkway to NC 54 (Chapel
Hill Road) is a two-lane roadway. The project will create a continuous five-lane corridor
along Airport Boulevard from Interstate 40 to NC 54. The project will improve the flow of
traffic along this major corridor that connects Morrisville to the Raleigh-Durham
International Airport and Interstate 40. The road is predominately used by commuters
who work in Morrisville and the Research Triangle Park.
Current and Projected Traffic Volumes
The analysis of existing and projected traffic volumes is a major consideration when
evaluating thoroughfares. Future traffic volumes were projected for this project based on
the existing system's 1995 traffic volumes, expected growth in the corridor, and the
impacts of other proposed major facilities. Traffic volumes were projected and evaluated
for both the existing system with no improvements and considering the proposed project.
Traffic operating conditions are described using Levels of Service (LOS). This concept
relates traffic volumes to quality of flow and is based on the Highway Capacity Manual,
Transportation Research Board, 1985. LOS is a measure of quality of flow and is
represented by letter designations 'A' through 'F.'
A capacity analysis of the existing system between intersections was prepared for both
current and projected volumes for key intersections along the proposed route with the
results shown in Table 7. This table shows the expected results in a "no build" situation
and with the widening of Airport Boulevard completed by the design year 2025.
Table 7: Capacity Analysis and Levels of Service (Peak Hours)
Airport At NC 54 (Chapel Hill Road) C F D
Boulevard At McCrimmon Parkway F F D
Source: Administrative Action State Environmental Assessment, Airport Boulevard Widening,
1996.
The results of this study indicate that the LOS along Airport Boulevard will improve from
the widening project. In both the "No Build" and the "Build" alternatives, the projected
LOS for 2020 improved from an LOS of "F" to "D." According to the Morrisville
Transportation Plan, the proposed section of Airport Boulevard that is to be widened had
an ADT of 9,500 in 2000 and is projected to have an ADT of 24,200 by 2025.
Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)
Table 8 lists transportation projects in the vicinity of the study area. The TIP projects are
shown on a map in Figure 10.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 30

Table 8: Morrisville Vicinity Transportation Projects

U-3344 Airport Boulevard Widen to five lanes, curb and Part Completed
Widening gutter from I-40 to NC 54
I-2204* ~ I-40 Widen to eight lanes from NC 147 Completed
to Wade Avenue
R-2000* I-540 Six lane freeway on new location Under Construction
from I-40 to US 64
R-2906* NC 55 Widen to multi-lanes from US 64 in Construction
Wake County to Cornwallis Road scheduled for
in Durham County 2004-2007
U-3343* Aviation Parkway Widen to five lanes, curb and Post Years
gutter from I-40 to NC 54
U-3620* McCrimmon Parkway Five-lane, curb and gutter on new Post Years
location from NC 54 to Airport
Boulevard
TE-4705* Regional Rail Service Phase 1 of the TTA Regional Rail FY04-08
Service
** Airport Boulevard Extend Airport Boulevard from NC
Extension 54 to Davis Drive
** McCrimmon Parkway Extend McCrimmon Parkway to
Aviation Parkway
*Source: NC DOT 2004-2008 TIP Program, October 2004.
**Source: Town of Morrisville Transportation Plan, October 2004.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 31

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3.3 Step 3 - Nofable Environmenfa/ Features Inventory
3.3.1 Overview
The notable features inventory describes baseline environmental conditions within the
indirect/cumulative effects analysis study area against which the project may be
assessed. The term notable features depends on perspective and scale; this document
assesses various geographic scales in accordance with the CEQ regulations (40 CFR
1500-1508). Consideration of the project's indirect and cumulative effects from
encroachment-alteration, project-induced, or in combination with other actions, helps to
establish the degree of change. Acceptance of the degree of change differs depending
on the affected locale or population. Section 3.5 presents the potential indirect and
cumulative impacts that could occur to the notable features identified in this section.
Section 3.6 presents the analysis of indirect and cumulative impacts.
3.3.2 Ecosystem Conditions
Documentation of ecosystem conditions depends upon the characteristics of the
project's setting as defined by the following categories of notable features:
Sensitive species. and habitats -EPA uses the term sensitive species and
habitats to describe ecologically valuable species and habitat and those
vulnerable to impact.
• Valued environmental components -Are defined as a "characteristic or attribute
of the environment that society seeks to use, protect, or enhance."i9
Relative uniqueness, recovery time, and unusual landscape features -Relative
uniqueness is a "measure of how many comparable examples of this landscape
element exist at different levels of scale, from the local area to the nation, even
the globe". Recovery time is "a measure of how long it would take to replace the
existing landscape element in comparable form if it were disturbed or destroyed."
zo
The study area, located in Wake County, falls within the Northern Outer Piedmont
ecoregion of the Piedmont physiographic province of North Carolina.Z' The parts of
Wake County that are northeast of Morrisville are broad, gently sloping uplands
dissected by a number of tributaries flowing into Stirrup Iron Creek, Crabtree Creek, or
Lake Crabtree and then eventually into the Neuse River. Elevation ranges from 390 to
280 feet above sea level. Soils in the northwestern part of Wake County are known as
Trassic basin soils. These soils have severe limitations for development due to very slow
permeability and high shrink-swell potential. n
Biotic Communities
The vegetative communities identified are mixed pine/hardwood forest23, successional
field, and urban/disturbed (NCDOT 1996). Plant community composition is reflective of
the physiography, topography, moisture regime, and current and prior land uses of the
area. Habitat complexity and the abundance of mast producing plants provide forage
and shelter opportunities for faunal communities. Vegetative communities also provide
travel corridors between habitat patches. Fragmentation and loss of these communities
due to development impacts this function and is likely to result in declining biological
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
33

diversity. May of the forest tracts within the project area have already been fragmented
by development. Since new alignment is not proposed, increased fragmentation of plant
communities is not anticipated. The proposed roadway widening project will only impact
the plant communities directly adjacent to the existing roadway. Vegetation will be
cleared to allow for construction.
Wetlands
Wetlands are defined as "those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or
ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and under normal
circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in
saturated soil condition." 24 Potential wetland communities were delineated using the
criteria specified in the "1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual." For an
area to be considered a "wetland," the following three specifications must be met; 1)
presence of hydric soils, 2) presence of hydrophytic vegetation, and 3) evidence of
hydrology.
Only one wetland was identified in the Environmental Assessment study area. The total
impact of this forested wetland is 0.03 acres. The alignment was designed to
avoid/minimize impacts to wetlands. Any required mitigation will be addressed based on
final design plans.
Threatened and Endangered Species
Federally protected species with endangered, threatened, or proposed threatened or
endangered status receive protection under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended. As of February 25, 2003, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) listed
four species as either Threatened or Endangered and potentially occurring in Wake
County. 25 The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NC-NHP) has also listed the
same four species as either Threatened or Endangered and potentially occurring in
Wake County.ss
Habitat surveys were performed for federally listed threatened and endangered species.
Either no habitat for these species or no individuals were identified within the project
area (NCDOT 1996).
Study area ecosystem characteristics are inventoried in Appendix B-3.
3.3.3 Socioeconomic Conditions
Basic socioeconomic conditions are inventoried through identification of characteristics
of the human social environment. As recognized by the field of social impact
assessment (ICOGP, 1993), vulnerable elements of the population include the elderly,
children, the disabled, and members of low-income or minority groups. Table 9 provides
information on these groups for Wake County and the State of North Carolina.
U-3344A Airpo-t Boulevard Widening ICE 34

~- ~
Table 9: Vulnerable Elements of the Population
.. •..
Population, 2000
627,846
8,049,313
Persons under 5 years old, percent, 2000 7.2 6.7
Persons under 18 years old, percent, 2000 25.1 24.4
Persons 65 years old and over, percent, 2000 7.4 12.0
Black or African American persons, percent, 2000 (a) 19.7 21.6
merican Indian and Alaska Native persons, percent, 2000 (a) 0.3 1.2
Asian persons, percent, 2000 (a) 3.4 1.4
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, percent, 2000 (a) Z Z
Persons reporting some other race, percent, 2000 (a) 2.5 2.3
Persons reporting two or more races, percent, 2000 1.6 1.3
Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin, percent, 2000 (b) 5.4 4.7
Persons with a disability, age 5+, 2000 13.4 20.5
Persons below poverty, percent, 1999 7.8 12.3
(a) Includes persons reporting only one race
(b) Hispanics may be of any race, so also are included in applicable race categories
Source: US Census Bureau State & County Quick Facts, 2004
Appendix B-4 provides a socioeconomic conditions inventory illustrating details of
economic, demographic, social, and physical conditions and their connection to notable
features.
3.3.4 Notable Features Inventory Summary
The notable features inventory facilitates planning of transportation systems by
considering features notable on a broad scale, typically less detailed than information
suitable for project evaluation.
Appendix B-5 provides a notable features checklist in which major types of ecosystem
and socioeconomic features are ouflined. Appendix 8-6 lists substantial federal and
state statutes that place value on certain resources or determine that certain resources
require special consideration.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
35

3.4 Step 4 -Impact-Causing Activities
Impact-causing activities consist of impacts of the proposed transportation project as
well as other existing and potential activities that may affect study area notable features.
The two major types of indirect/cumulative effects caused by project impacts are:
• Encroachment-Alteration Effects -Effects that alter the behavior and functioning
of the physical environment are related to project design features but are indirect
in nature because they can be separated from the project in time or distance.
These effects can be considered cumulative in nature when they are additive
over time or have an interactive (non-linear) net effect on the environment.
• Access-Alteration Effects (Project-Induced Growth) -Changes in traffic patterns
and the alteration of accessibility attributable to the design of the project can
induce residential and commercial growth in the study area.
The general types of project impact causing activities (existing, potential, and proposed)
include:
• Modification of Regime -alteration of habitat, flora, hydrology, and other
features;
• Land Transformation and Construction - construction method, ancillary
elements;
• Resource Extraction -excavation and dredging;
• Processing -storage and supplies;
• Land Alteration -landscaping, erosion control;
• Resource Renewal Activities - remediation, reforestation;
• Changes in Traffic -traffic patterns on project and adjoining facilities;
• Waste Emplacement -landfill, waste discharge;
• Chemical Treatment -fertilization, deicing; and
• Access Alteration -substantial changes in access, circulation patterns, travel
demand and travel times between major attractors/generators (employment,
housing, and commercial development, etc.).
Appendix B-7 documents other activities (existing and proposed) that may cumulatively
affect notable features. Appendix B-8 documents project impact-causing activities.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 36

3.5 Step 5 - Potential IndirecbCumulative Impacts
3.5.1 Overview
The objective of Step 5 is to identify the effects of the project that require detailed
analysis. This is done by comparing the lists of impact-causing activities developed in
Step 4 with the inventory of goals, trends and notable features that make up the baseline
conditions identified in Steps 2 and 3. The comparison is designed to explore cause-
effect relationships and to establish which effects merit subsequent detailed analysis or,
conversely, which effects are not potentially noteworthy and require no further
assessment. The following sections review main categories of effects; Step 5 concludes
with an evaluation matrix of effects for analysis in Step 6.
3.5.2 Encroachment -Alteration Effects
Alteration of the behavior and functioning of the affected environment caused by project
encroachment can be characterized into two broad categories: ecological effects and
socioeconomic effects. These effects can be linked to project impact-causing activities
identified in the previous step. The two main effects are discussed below.
3.5.3 Potential Ecological Effects
The ecosystem approach embodied in CEQ's biodiversity document (1993) recognizes
the "fundamental interconnections within and among various levels of ecological
organization." Reduction of diversity at any level will have effects at the other levels.
Therefore, an understanding of the interconnections can help reveal the chain of events
delayed in time or space from the original transportation project action of disturbance on
or within a particular level of ecological organization.
The following indirect and cumulative effects of transportation project actions can have
important consequences for ecosystems:
• Habitat fragmentation from physical alteration of the environment;
• Lethal, sublethal and reproduction effects from pollution;
• Degradation of habitat from pollution;
• Disruption of ecosystem functioning from direct mortality impacts; and
• Disruption of natural processes (e.g., hydrology, species competition, predator-
prey relations, etc.) from altered energy flows.
3.5.4 Potential Socioeconomic Effects
Socioeconomic effects of transportation projects are the result of a change in the
physical nature of a community. The two major changes are:
• Alteration of traffic patterns and access; and
• Relocation of homes and business, or relocation or alteration of public facilities.
These direct effects can result in indirect/cumulative effects that can be magnified by the
cumulative impacts of other actions and include alterations to:
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 37

a
• Neighborhood cohesion;
• Neighborhood stability;
• Travel patterns of commuters and shoppers;
• Recreation patterns at public facilities;
• Pedestrian dependency and mobility;
• Perceived quality of the natural environment;
• Personal safety and privacy;
• Aesthetic and cultural values;
• Environmental Justice -disproportionate effects to vulnerable elements of the
population; and
• Perceived quality of life.
3.5.5 Potential Induced Growth Effects
Transportation project improvements often reduce the time-cost of travel, enhancing the
attractiveness of surrounding land to developers and consumers. Development of
vacant land, or conversion of the existing environment to more intensive uses, is often a
consequence of transportation projects. Growth in employment and population
attributable to a project is an indirect effect that, in turn, produces its own effects on the
environment.
Induced growth effects fall into three general categories: effects of projects planned to
serve specific land development, effects of projects likely to stimulate complementary
development, and effects of projects likely to influence interregional location decisions.
These induced growth types are discussed in detail below.
3.5.6 Land Development
Transportation projects designed specifically to serve existing or planned large land
development projects or groups of projects require a thorough analysis of induced
growth and related effects. This is because:
• Land development is not just probable but highly likely;
• The magnitude and timing of the development is known or generally predictable;
and
• Details of development projects are known and can be analyzed for
environmental effects.
Since details of the land development projects are known, analysis of this type of growth
is of considerable importance to indirect/cumulative effects analysis and can focus on
U-3344A Airport Boulevarnl Widening ICE 38

impacts related to the magnitude and timing of development rather than its probability of
occurrence.
3.5.7 Complementary Land Development
Complementary land development, such as highway-oriented businesses (e.g. gas
stations, rest stops, motels), is more likely near interchanges in rural areas where
property values were originally low. Interchanges in suburban or urban areas where
property values were higher before project planning and implementation are more likely
to support a greater proportion of higher density uses, as well as a greater mix of uses.
Factors influencing the likelihood and rate of development near rural interchanges
include:
• Distance to major urban area or regional center
• Traffic volume on the intersecting road
• Presence of frontage road
• Availability of water and sewer and other infrastructure
3.5.8 Intraregional Location Decisions
Apart from the complementary development described above, on a regional basis, the
impact of transportation projects is generally minimal. The localized effect of such
projects on land use can be substantial, however. If the conditions for development are
generally favorable in a region, then transportation projects can become one of the
major factors that influence where development will occur.
Where transportation projects do influence land development, the general tendency is
toward relatively high-density commercial or mufti-family residential development near
facility nodes in urban and suburban areas and single-family residential development in
the urban fringe.
3.5.9 Project Evaluation Context
To evaluate potential indirect and cumulative effects of the project, the Project Team
considered all information set forth in this report as well as background information and
base conditions established in the EA. Table 10 and Table 11 give examples of indirect
and cumulative effects; these tables, together with all previously discussed background
information, are used as the basis for decisions made in the Table 12 evaluation matrix.
This matrix lists potential effects under major categories and presents
indirect/cumulative effects that warrant further analysis.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 39

Table 10: Direct and Possible Indirect Effects of the Airport Blvd Widening

Socioeconomics Improved Highway- Business Residential Loss of
and Land Use access to oriented declines in Development farmlands
suburban/rural business older
land suitable locates on land downtown
for adjacent to area which
development. new was
interchanges bypassed
Water Quality Improved Land use Increased Decline in Health
access development non-point surface water problems,
source water quality, contamination
pollution contaminants of
enter water groundwater
supply aquifer
Wetlands Improved Land use Many small Substantial
access, development, wetlands aggregate loss
alteration of elimination or eliminated of wetlands
surface water degradation of during due to
drainage downstream development development
patterns wetlands
Ecoloov Improved Fragmentation Elimination of
access, of large habitat species which
removal of area require this
vegetation and large habitat
habitat
Air Quality Improved Concentrated Creation of Reduction in
access development air quality available
adjacent to contamination increment for
new "hot spot" future highway
interchanges exceeding projects
standards
Noise Increase in Additional Nearby
noise due to traffic on residential
construction collector roads property
producing values are
noise above lowered
' standards
Cultural Improved Development Substantial
Resources access to of land uses in visual impact
nearby rural vicinity of to historic
area interchange farm property
Transportation Improvement Reduce fuel Reduce Improves
of traffic flow, usage for utilization of freight
stabilization of vehicles using fossil fuels movement
vehicular new highway
speeds
Source: Guidance for Assessing Indirect and Cumulative Impacts of Transportation Projects in
North Carolina, 2001
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 40

Table 11: Examples of Cumulative Effects

1. Time Crowding -,
Frequent and Repetitive Effects on
an Environmental System
Forest Harvesting Rate Exceeds
Regrowth
2. Time Lags Delayed Effects Exposure to Carcinogens
3. Space Crowding Highly Spatial Density of Effects on
an Environmental System Pollution Discharges into Streams from
Nonpoint Sources
4. Cross-Boundary Effects Occur Away from Source Acidic Precipitation
5. Fragmentation Change in Landscape Pattern Fragmentation of Historic District
6. Compounding Effects Effects Arising from Multiple
Sources or Pathways Synergism Among Pestiades
7. Triggers and Thresholds Fundamental Changes in System
Behavior or Structure Global Climate Change
Source: Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environme ntal Policv Act. Council on Environmental
Quality, 1997.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 41

Table 12: Evaluation Matrix
Indirect and Cumulative Effects Requiring Detailed Analysis
•. •..

•.
.• ~ • ••~
Encroachment Ecosystem Related: When considered as a
- Alteraton Habitat Fragmentation/ Degradation / segment of Airport
Indirect Effects Ecosystem Disruption / Boulevard in addition to
Natural Process Disruption / other area TIP projects, the
Single Source Air Quality / cumulative effect of
Additive (Type Water Quality / increased traffic in Wake
1) and Noise / County could negatively
Interactive Other impact air quality in these 8-
(Type 2) hour ozone non-attainment
Cumulative areas and increase ambient
Effects noise levels
Socioeconomic /Land Use Related:
Community Cohesion /Stability /
Alteration of Travel Pattems /
Quality of Life Effects /
Historic Resources /
Aesthetic Effects /
Other /
Induced Serves Specific Development /
th
G
row
(Access -
Stimulates Complementary Highway oriented retail,

Alteration
Development / industrial, office, and
Indirect Effects) residential.

Influences Location Decisions / Improved access to area
Indirect Effects Ecosystem Related: When considered as a
Related to Habitat Fragmentation I Degradation / segment of Airport
Induced Ecosystem Disruption / Boulevard in addition to
Growth Natural Process Disruption / other TIP projects, the
Air Quality / project leads to induced
.Multiple Source Water Quality / growth, such as, additional
Additive (Type Noise / businesses, industries, and
3) and Other firms that will increase
Interactive
Socioeconomic/Land Use Related: employment levels and

(Type 4)
Conflict with Goals I Plans traffic in the area. Each of

Cumulative
Economic I Fiscal Impacts
~ which could ne alive
g IY
'Effects
Community Cohesion /Stability
/ impact air quality and

Alteration of Travel Patterns
/ ambient noise levels and

Quality of Life Effects
/ further ftagment habitat.
Historic /Cultural Resources /
Aesthetic Effects /
Other
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 42

3.6 Step 6 - Indirect/Cumu/ative Effects Analysis
3.6.1 Overview
The purpose of this step is to evaluate the effects identified in Step 5 and determine
magnitude, probability of occurrence, timing and duration, and degree to which the effect
can be controlled or mitigated. Table 13 provides an overview of direct, indirect, and
cumulative effects of the project
Table 13: Overview of Direct, Indirect, and Cumulative Effects

..
•
• ~-
• ~ -
• ~ .
Habitat Low Moderate Negligible Low Moderate High
Fragmentation
/ Degradation
Ecosystem Low Moderate Negligible Low Moderate Moderate
Disruption
Natural Low Moderate Negligible Low Moderate Moderate
Process
Disruption
Water Quality Low Moderate Low Low Moderate Moderate
Community Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible
Cohesion /
Stability
Alteration of Positive Positive Positive Positive Moderate Moderate
Travel
Patterns
KEY: Low Adverse Effect Moderate Adverse Effect High Adverse Effect
Positive Effect Negligible Effect
3.6.2 Future Conditions /Induced Development Analysis
Understanding likely future study area conditions is necessary to assess potential
indirect and cumulative effects that may result from the incremental effects of the project
and other development activities in the same geographic region. Wake County and the
study area population projections are shown in Figure 11 and employment projections
are shown in Figure 12. Population and Employment projections were obtained from
CAMPO's 2030 Long Range Transportation Plan released in February 2004.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 43

Figure 11: Population Projections
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
~. 1,000,000
c
v 800,000
3 600,000
400,000
200,000
0
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200 ~
1,000
800 h
600
400
200
0
,.. .~.
s ~za ,~',°,
,~,

Y
1 ~
i-, ~ .~,
:
~

r ~ ~~`~'
~.
~ ~
,~

_.

,r~ - ~ r fia~~ f yet. ~~iR.a•
~
~eq _t~
:F
'
'
- ~,: -,~
2002 2010 2020 2030
f Population Wake County ~-Study Area
Source: 2030 Long Range Transportation Plan, Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization. February 2004.
Figure 12: Employment Projections
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
700,000
~ 600,000
7
v 500,000
Y
3 aoo,ooo
300,000
200,000
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U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
44

Over the past several decades, the Triangle Region has experience substantial growth
in both population and employment. The region growth rate is one the highest projected
in the state and is expected to continue through 2030. This growth rate can be attributed
to the diverse economy, investment in infrastructure, top research facilities and
institutions, and a high quality of life.
The study area's population is expected to remain relatively flat through 2020, while the
employment levels are expected to grow. at a steady rate. This is because the area is
considered an employment center and contains only a small amount of housing.
However, with the development of more mass transit opportunities and as land becomes
scarcer the population is expected to rise as future plans for high-density mixed use
developments are realized.
3.7 Step 7 -Analysis Results Evaluation
3.7.1 Overview
The purpose of this step is to evaluate the results of analyses done for this study.
Results of the GIS future land use analysis are discussed below.
3.7.2 GIS Land Use Analysis
Baseline and future population and employment data from CAMPO, land use/zoning
data from the Town of Morrisville, and results of the indirect and cumulative effects
evaluation matrixes (Table 12 and Table 13) were analyzed using GIS to create the
future land use map shown in Figure 13. This future land use scenario shows changes
in land use according to the Morrisville Land Use Plan and CAMPO 2030 population and
employment projections. The future land use scenario also identifies a Regional Activity
Center (RAC). The RAC is a location that has been identified in the land use plans as
an area likely to see significant development that will draw people from the region based
on its location.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 45

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3.7.3 Conclusions
According to the Town of Morrisville Land Use Plan and estimates made by the CAMPO,
the study area will experience significant growth in the number of employees throughout
the next 30 years. The population is expected to remain relatively stable over the next
20 years, and then experience substantial growth between years 2020 and 2030.
Considering the current and projected population and employment for the study area,
this project is likely to induce land use changes. While the area would likely experience
growth regardless of the project, the project will cumulatively increase the attractiveness
of the study area to industrial businesses and improve the flow of commuter traffic during
peak hours. The cumulative effects of this project and other past, present, and future
transportation projects will have an impact on land development, travel patterns, and
water resources.
A summary of noteworthy future study area conditions is presented below.
Land Use/Development -The Morrisville Land Use Plan designates the majority
of the study area for office/institutional and industrial development. Development
will likely occur in a steady manner throughout the near future, gradually reaching
the study area's build out. Extensions of McCrimmon Parkway and Airport
Boulevard will improve access to the area, increasing its attractiveness for
development.
Travel patterns -The project will improve the overall flow of traffic between
several existing and planned thoroughfares in Morrisville, including Airport
Boulevard, NC 54, and McCrimmon Parkway to I-40 and the Raleigh-Durham
International Airport.
'Wafer Resources -The increased proportion of the study area devoted to urban
land uses will put more strains on the water resources. Long term, these strains
can alter the availability and quality of hydrologic resources, both groundwater
and surface water. Modifications in land use may also affect the proportions of
ground water and surface runoff in rivers and streams. However, the following
federal, state, and local regulations are in place to protect surface water quality
and accommodate future growth.
o EPA National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) -Phase 11
Stormwafer Rules
o North Carolina -Water Supply Watershed Protection Act
o North Carolina -Neuse River Basins Nutrient Sensitive Waters
Management
o Neuse River Basin Buffer Rules
o North Carolina - Nonpoint Source Program
o Wake County -Land Use and Sformwater Regulations
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 47

Adhering to these regulations for the protection of surface waters should limit
direct and indirect effects to this important resource.
3.8 Step 8 -Assessing the Consequences/Mitigation Development
The purpose of this step is to assess the consequences of effects and determine the
need for modifications to avoid effects, or strategies to mitigate unavoidable effects.
General direction for assessing consequences and mitigation development is provided in
the Guidance for Assessing Indirect and Cumulative Impacts of Transportation Projects
in North Carolina, Volume 11: Practitioners Handbook. Mitigation techniques appropriate
to this project are presented below.
3.8.1 Mitigation Techniques for Encroachment-Alteration Effects
Encroachment-alteration indirect/cumulative effects, although often distant in time and
space from the project, are similar to many direct project effects and can be addressed
with similar mitigation strategies. As with direct effects, in many cases these strategies
involve altering one of the following aspects of the project or plan within the control of the
NCDOT:
• Facility type;
• Facility alignment;
• Facility design features;
• Techniques used during construction; and
• Facility maintenance.
3.8.2 Mitigation Techniques for Induced Growth
Project-induced growth can be mitigated to some extent through a variety of access
control by NCDOT or land use control techniques by local municipalities. These
techniques are described below as they related to the primary types of induced growth.
3.8.3 Techniques Available to the NCDOT
Access Management is one primary technique in which NCDOT can work under its own
authority and initiative with local government to influence the magnitude and location of
induced growth activity. The extent and location of complementary development and
• regional development shifts can be controlled to some extent through modifications to
the access plan for the facility. For highway facilities, aspects of the project that can be
modified include the location of interchanges, the type of the interchange (partial, one-
way access or full access), connectivity to local arterials, traffic patterns on connecting
roadways, the presence of frontage roads, and curb-cut regulations on connecting
roadways. Some of these features such as the type and location of interchanges are
within the jurisdiction of the sponsoring agency. Other issues, such as traffic patterns
and curb-cut regulations may be within the jurisdiction of local agencies.
3.8.4 Techniques Available to Other Entities
Several techniques for regulating and managing growth induced by the proposed project
or other actions are available for implementation by local governments and other
U-3344A Aiiporf Boulevard Widening ICE 48

agencies. Where induced growth has been determined to be an issue requiring
mitigation, the environmental document must describe techniques for growth
management that may be implemented by other parties. These techniques fall into the
following general categories:
Zoning/Comprehensive Planning -Local zoning controls and comprehensive planning
are outside the jurisdiction of the NCDOT, but are often the most effective tools at
controlling induced growth. Zoning involves the regulation of both the density and use to
which land may be put. When combined with comprehensive planning, zoning allows
communities to shape patterns of growth and development within their boundaries.
To use zoning and planning effectively as a tool to mitigate project induced growth, the
land planning process should ideally run concurrent with the transportation planning
process. If the land planning process occurs as a later time, particularly in areas that are
clearly in the path of future development, anticipation of the project among developers
and landholders may make the planning process more difficult. NCDOT can play a role
in this process by encouraging local agencies to consider transportation facilities in land
use planning through early consultation and coordination with local governments
throughout the planning and environmental review process.
A zoning response to a transportation plan or project is also most effective when it
involves an area-wide or region-wide approach to distinguishing areas suitable for
growth from those requiring conservation. In circumstances where numerous planning
jurisdictions are present in the impact area, the involvement of NCDOT or other regional
planning agencies may be necessary to produce a coordinated response.
In cooperative efforts with local governments and agencies, it should be noted that
zoning regulations enacted as a response to the induced growth effects of transportation
facilities should balance other needs of the community including employment and
housing for all income groups.
Growth Management Regulation -Several jurisdictions have pursued regulatory
strategies that allow for regulation of the timing and location of residential and
commercial development in a manager not addressed by traditional zoning regulations.
Examples of growth management techniques that may be suggested for implementation
in North Carolina include the following:
Adequate Public Facilities Ordinances (APFOs) - This type of growth
management strategy links approval for certain types of projects (those requiring
subdivisions or variances, for example) to a review of the capacity of
infrastructure to serve those projects. Infrastructure types often considered in
these ordinances include water/sewer service, local transportation facilities, and
other government services. Long range plans for the programming of
infrastructure projects in Capital Improvement Plans are prepared as part of the
ordinance and projects exceeding the capacity of infrastructure before
improvements will be in place do not receive approval. Conditional approval of
subdivisions based on provision of infrastructure at the developers expense
(exactions) is provided for under North Carolina law, but ordinarily limited to ~~
streets, utilities, and parks, and does not cover schools, fire stations, or other
community facilities. Requirements for the dedication of land (for purposes other
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 49

than parks or utility easements) or the payment of impact fees is not expressly
provided for under North Carolina law. (Lawrence & Wicker, 1996).
Development Moratoria -Similar to APFOs, moratoria give local jurisdictions the
authority to halt new development projects until public facilities are improved to
an appropriate level. Moratoria have also been used to preserve corridors slated
for transportation improvements.
Urban Growth Boundaries -Some metropolitan regions outside of North Carolina
have adopted growth boundaries surrounding metropolitan areas to preserve
open space around cities, slow the growth of suburban sprawl, and focus
development into urban cores where infrastructure levels provide capacity for
growth. These growth boundaries are often designed to accommodate growth
projected for 20- to 30-year periods. Growth boundaries are effectuated by
strictly regulating densities outside the growth boundaries or limiting the provision
of infrastructure beyond the boundary (planning techniques that are permissible
under North Carolina law). Regional authorities are often given the responsibility
of regulating and planning the growth boundary system. Formal regional
management of growth beyond county boundaries would likely require special
enabling legislation in North Carolina. Portland, Oregon's experience shows that
growth boundaries can be successful in preserving green -space and promoting
development of the core, but regulations need to be reviewed frequently to
prevent spillover growth just outside protected areas.
Extraterritorial Zoning/Annexation - In some fast growing metropolitan regions,
cities are given special authority over zoning issues and development
applications in unincorporated areas outside city limits. Annexation and
extraterritorial zoning powers are provided for under North Carolina statute.
(Lawrence & Wicker, 1996.) This authority is meant to promote the orderly
growth of the metropolitan area and compatibility between the city center and the
periphery. Extraterritorial zoning authority is also granted with the expectation
that city boundaries will eventually expand to keep pace with urban development.
Policies meant to ease the process of annexation of incorporated or
unincorporated suburban or fringe lands into a city's jurisdiction can mitigate
against the induced growth impacts of transportation improvements by allowing
planning, zoning, and growth management strategies to be implemented on a
regional basis.
3.8.5 Mitigation Techniques for Effects Related to Induced Growth
In addition to managing residential and commercial growth induced by a transportation
project, a local jurisdiction may also choose among strategies designed to mitigate the
environmental and social effects related to induced growth.
3.8.6 Techniques Available to NCDOT
Context Sensitive Design - A major goal of context-sensitive design is to allow for local
public input early in the design process so that costly delays and revisions can be
avoided. Examples of context sensitive design and flexible standards include deviation
from the standard length of an acceleration or deceleration lane to protect a notable
feature, modifying the design of an arterial that passes through a downtown area to
allow for a boulevard that would better fit with the local context, and inclusion of special
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 50

materials or design features to allow the facility to fit the scale and style of its
surroundings.
3.8.7 Techniques Available to Other Entities
Resource Management and Preservation Regulations -Specific regulations designed to
protect vital resources and work to guide the path and intensity of development and limit
impacts on notable features related to induced growth. There are several examples of
implementation of resource management in North Carolina. General categories include:
• Coastal areas where development areas are delineated and development is
permitted only under special circumstances in critical areas.
• Stream buffers where development is regulated to protect the quality and
quantity of water resources, prevent flooding, and promote water-related tourism
and recreation.
Performance Standards - North Carolina law makes provision for the use of
performance standards in local zoning and subdivision regulations. Performance
standards can define uses as of right or the standards required for obtaining a
conditional use permit. Performance standards encompass the following types of
regulation:
• Regulation of height, bulk, setback, lot size and other dimensional features;
• Regulation of uses within zones and standards that define and distinguish uses;
• Specification of site design features such as off-street parking, impervious
surface, vegetative cover removal, landscaping and screening, and signage;
• Specifications of standards for noise and pollutant emissions allowed in
manufacturing or agricultural activities; and
• Standards for community appearance or historic preservation with review and
limited enforcement powers vested in a planning agency or special commission.
Land Acquisition/Conservation Easements - A technique for preservation of green
space, habitat, or other important resource areas that is seeing increasing use is the
acquisition of land or development rights by government agencies, non-profit groups, or
other private initiatives. These groups purchase or accept donations of land and pledge
to keep the land permanently undeveloped. Development rights can also be purchased
while the underlying title and use is retained by a landholder through the use of
conservation easements. These easements once written into a deed can permanently
prevent development on a parcel regardless of future ownership. Carefully planned
acquisitions can work to focus growth and protect notable features from growth related
impacts.
3.8.8 Techniques for Systems Planning Stage
Many of the techniques previously outlined are applicable to the transportation systems
planning as well as to project development. As noted above, comprehensive planning,
resource preservation regulations, and other techniques meant to shape growth when
integrated with the planning of transportation systems will minimize the likelihood of
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 51

indirect/cumulative effects on notable features and conflicts with community goals.
Additional techniques applicable to transportation systems planning include
Comprehensive Performance Measures and Promoting Regional Coordination; these
techniques are discussed below.
Comprehensive Performance Measures -Traditionally in the planning of transportation
systems, the assessment of need for a transportation project has been based in part on
measures of mobility in the existing transportation system. These measures focus on the
efficient movement of vehicles. This is often measured in level of service (LOS) ratings
describing various states of traffic conditions. Mobility measures provide no linkage,
however, with land use conditions in the vicinity of projects. This disconnect can lead to
the potential for conflict with notable features or goals later in the process. Evaluating
projects with performance measures related to accessibility will help better connect
transportation needs, land use considerations, and concerns regarding sustainability.
Such measures include:
• Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) or Vehicle Hours Traveled (VHT);
• Accessibility to Jobs and Commercial Centers; and
• Impact on Jobs/Housing Balance.
The use of integrated transportation and land use models that employ a feedback loop
between transportation and land use choices will also help integrate evaluation of
induced growth concerns into the systems planning process.
Promoting Regional Coordination -Early coordination on a regional level is the best
method for evaluation and mitigation of indirect/cumulative effects. Regional coordination
is especially important in controlling induced growth because a variety of uncoordinated
local regulatory responses may work to intensify effects in the least regulated areas.
1 North Carolina Department of Transportation. Guidance for Assessing~Indirect and
Cumulative Impacts of Transportation Projects in North Carolina, Volumes I and II.
Raleigh, NC: The Lois Berger Group, Inc. November 2001
• 2 Council on Environmental Quality. CEQ Regulations for Implementing NEPA: Federal
Regulation 49750. Washington D.C., 21 December 1984.
s C~2 Regulations for Implementing NEPA: Federal Regulation 49750, December 1984.
a North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of Highways. Morrisville SR
3015 (Airport Boulevard Widening from NC 54 to I-40 Administrative Action State
Environmental Assessment. (Raleigh, NC: July 1996).
s Guidance for Assessing Indirect and Cumulative Impacts of Transportation Projects in
North Carolina, November 2001.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 52

6 Morrisville SR 3015~Airport Boulevard) Widening from NC 54 to I-40 Administrative
Action State Environmental Assessment. July 1996.
~ Guidance for Assessing Indirect and Cumulative Impacts of Transportation Proiects in
North Carolina. November 2001.
s Research Triangle Regional Partnership. Data Book. No date.
<www.researchtriangle.org> (11 November 2004).
9 US Census Bureau. American Factfinder: Data Sets 2000 Summary File-1.
<http://factfinder.census.gov> (2 November 2004).
io Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2030 Long Ran eg Transportation
Plan. Raleigh, NC: September 2004. <http://www.raleigh-nc.org/campoh (11
November 2004).
i i Research Triangle Regional Partnership. 11 November 2004.
i2 2030 Long Ran eg_Transportation Plan. September 2004.
is 2030 Long Ran eg, Transportation Plan. September 2004.
is Town of Morrisville. Morrisville Transportation Plan. Prepared by Kimley-Horn and
Associates, Inc. Draft Plan. No date.
<http://www.ci.morrisville.nc.us/planning/Draft Morrisville_Reportl.pdfl (25 October
2004).
's North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water
Quality. Basinwide Planning Program: 2002 Neuse River Basinwide Water Quality Plan.
July 2002. <http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/basinwideh (12 November 2004).
'6 North Carolina State Government. Water Supply Watershed Protection Act. NCGS
143-214.5 (1989, c. 426, s. 1; 1991, c. 342, s. 9; c. 471, s. 2; c. 579, s. 1; 1991 (Reg.
Sess., 1992), c. 890, s. 14; 1998-215, s. 62.) and 143-214.6 (1989, c. 426, s. 2, c. 603, s.
2, c. 727, s. 159; 2001-452, s. 1.2.)
17 North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water
Quality. 15A NCAC 02B .0100 & .0200 Amended Effective: April 1, 2003 and Water
Supply Watershed Classifications. <http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wswp/wsclasses.html> (15
November 2003).
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
53

7
's Morrisville SR 3015 (Airport Boulevard Widening from NC 54 to I-40 Administrative
Action State Environmental Assessment. July 1996.
'9 F.H. Irwin and B. Rodes. Choosing_Appropriate Scales for Making Decisions on
Cumulative Impacts: A Guide for Managers. World Wildlife Fund and the Conservation
Foundation. Washington, D.C. (1990)
20 Richard Forman and M. Godron. Landscape Ecology. Wiley Textbooks: Jan 1986.
Zi Griffith, G.E., Omernik, J.M., Comstock, J.A., Schafale, M.P., McNab, W.H., Lenat,
D.R., MacPherson, T.F., Glover, J.B., and Shelburne, V.B., 2002, Ecoregions of North
Carolina and South Carolina, (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables,
and photographs): Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geological Survey (map scale 1:1,500,000).
zz Town of Morrisville. Town of Morrisville Land Use Plan. Adopted by the Morrisville
Board of Commissioners November 8, 1999. Prepared by the Wooten Company.
z3 M.P. Schafale and A.S. Weakley, 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of
North Carolina, A Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
Division of Parks and Recreation, Department of Environment, Health and Natural
Resources, Raleigh, NC.
Za Environmental Laboratory. (1987). Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual,
Technical Report Y-87-1, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
Miss.
zs U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Lists of Endangered, Threatened, Proposed and
Candidate Species for the Southeast Region. Wake County, North Carolina. Internet
Database. February 25, 2003. http://southeast.fws.gov/es/county%201ists.htm.
26 North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (1VHP) Element Occurrence Database. North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, NC Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Internet database search at
http://www.ncsparks.net/nhp/search.html. (January 2004).
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 54

Bibliography
Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2030 Lona Range Transportation
Plan. Raleigh, NC: September 2004. <http://www.raleigh-nc.org/campo/> (11
November 2004).
Council on Environmental Quality. CEQ Regulations for Implementing NEPA: Federal
Regulation 49750. Washington D.C., 21 December 1984.
Environmental Laboratory. (1987). Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual,
Technical Report Y-87-1, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Miss.
Forman, Richard and M. Godron. Landscape Ecology. Wiley Textbooks: Jan 1986.
Quoted in North Carolina Department of Transportation. Guidance for Assessing
Indirect and Cumulative Impacts of Transportation Projects in North Carolina.
Vol. I and II. Raleigh, NC: The Louis Berger Group, Inc., 2001.
Griffith, G.E., Omernik, J.M., Comstock, J.A., Schafale, M.P., McNab, W.H., Lenat, D.R.,
MacPherson, T.F., Glover, J.B., and Shelburne, V.B., 2002, Ecoregions of North
Carolina and South Carolina, (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary
tables, and photographs): Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geological Survey (map scale
1:1, 500,000).
Irwin, F.H. and B. Rodes. Choosing Appropriate Scales for Making Decisions on
Cumulative Impacts: A Guide for Managers. World Wildlife Fund and the
Conservation Foundation. Washington, D.C. (1990). Quoted in North Carolina
Department of Transportation. Guidance for Assessing Indirect and Cumulative
Imeacts of Transportation Projects in North Carolina. Vol. I and II. Raleigh, NC:
The Louis Berger Group, Inc., 2001.
Morrisville, Town of. Town of Morrisville Land Use Plan. Adopted by the Morrisville
Board of Commissioners November 8, 1999. Prepared by the Wooten Company.
Morrisville, Town of. Morrisville Transportation Plan. Prepared by Kimley-Horn and
Associates, Inc. Draft Plan. No date.
<http://www.ci.morrisville.nc.us/planning/Draft_Morrisville_Report1.pdf> (25
October 2004).
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water
Quality. 15A NCAC 02B .0100 8 .0200 Amended Effective: April 1, 2003 and
Water Supply Watershed Classifications.
<http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wswp/wsclasses.html> (15 November 2003).
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water
Quality. Basinwide Planning Program: 2002 Neuse River Basinwide Water
Quality Plan. July 2002. <http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/basinwide/> (12 November
2004).
U-3344A Airpo-f Boulevard Widening ICE 55

North Carolina Department of Transportation. Guidance for Assessing Indirect and
Cumulative Impacts of Transportation Projects in North Carolina. Vol. I and II.
Raleigh, NC: The Lois Berger Group, Inc., 2001.
North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of Highways. Morrisville SR 3015
(Airport Boulevard Widening from NC 54 to I-40 Administrative Action State
Environmental Assessment. (Raleigh, NC: July 1996).
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NHP) Element Occurrence Database. North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, NC
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Internet database
search at http://www.ncsparks.net/nhp/search.html. January, 2004.
North Carolina State Government. Water Supply Watershed Protection Act. NCGS
143-214.5 (1989, c. 426, s. 1; 1991, c. 342, s. 9; c. 471, s. 2; c. 579, s. 1; 1991
(Reg. Sess., 1992), c. 890, s. 14; 1998-215, s. 62.) and 143-214.6 (1989, c. 426,
s. 2, c. 603, s. 2, c. 727, s. 159; 2001-452, s. 1.2.)
Research Triangle Partnership. Data Book. No Date. <www.researchtriangle.org> (11
November 2004).
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakly. (1990). Classification of the Natural Communities of
North Carolina, A Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
Division of Parks and Recreation, Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources, Raleigh, NC.
US Census Bureau. American Factfinder: Data Sets 2000 Summary File-1.
<http://factfinder.census.gov/> (2 November 2004).
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Lists of Endangered, Threatened, Proposed and
Candidate Species for the Southeast Region. Wake County, North Carolina.
Internet Database. February 25, 2003.
http://southeast.fws.gov/es/county%201ists. htm.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE 56

Appendix A: Correspondences
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE

Correspondence with CAMPO concerning Airport Boulevard ICE
Questionnaire
Mr. Wilmot,
For the most part the questions on the ICE Questionnaire are best answered by the involved
planning departments. I believe the widening of Airport Boulevard from McCrimmon Parkway to
NC 54 will be beneficial; however, there may be problems when and if Airport Blvd. is extended
as intended (As stated in the Town of Morrisville Draft Transportation Plan (Page 3-17))
http://www.ci.morrisville.nc. us/planning/Draft_Morrisville_Report1.pdf
The Town of Morrisville Transportation Plan calls for a square loop interchange at the intersection
of Airport Blvd. and NC 54. This will require a grade separation and, inherently, significant
disruption of the commercial properties adjacent to the portion of Airport Blvd. to be widened in
FY 2005.
Though an Airport Blvd. Ext. and a McCrimmon Parkway Ext. is included in the 2030 LRTP,
CAMPO staff favors the McCrimmon Parkway project due to its continuity and the fact that a
square loop interchange is feasible at its intersection with NC 54. An underutilized lumber yard is
located in the row in the McCrimmon Parkway/NC 54 location as opposed to the newly
constructed commercial uses (Car Quest, Exxon, Citgo, Best Supply, and Culligan Water) that
will be disrupted if the Airport Boulevard Extension and planned square loop interchange is
constructed.
Essentially our concerns are not with this particular project, but more with future projects and the
possibility that the widening to take place next year will have to be altered significantly in the long
term if Morrisville's plans are adhered to and an Extension of Airport Blvd. And accompanying
interchange are built.
Attached is a map showing the projects mentioned. Let me know if further clarification is needed
or if there is a need to have on hand a completed questionnaire. CAMPO's concern falls within
the first question so I could easily place this explanation there and then email you back the
completed form.
Jake Petrosky
Planning Technician
Capital Area MPO
919.807.8515
----Original Message----
From: [e-mail] [mailto:[e-mail]]
Sent: Friday, October 15, 2004 2:32 PM
To: Johnson, Ed
Cc: Petrosky, Jake
Subject: RE: Airport Boulevard ICE
I have attached a brief description that provides the purpose and definition of the Indirect and
Cumulative Effects (ICE) Process and a description of the project and its purpose and need.
Also, the Environmental Assessment has already been approved by the NC DOT for this project.
And as far as a time line for the project goes, according to the NC DOT 2004-2008 TIP, the
project (U-3344) is scheduled as follows: design is underway, acquisitions in FY 04, and
construction in FY 05.
(See attached file: Airport Boulevard Background Information.doc)
Thanks,
Kory Wilmot
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE ii

"Johnson, Ed" <[e-mail]
To: <[e-mail]>
cc: "Petrosky,Jake" <[e-mail]>
Subject: RE: Airport Boulevard ICE
10/15/2004 01:39 PM
By copy I'm asking Jake Petrosky to assist you. To assist us, please send all available current
info on the proposed project (alternative cross-sections being evaluated, implementation
schedule with interim milestones, estimated project costs, etc.).
Edison H. Johnson, Jr., PE
Director, N.C. Capital Area
Metropolitan Planning Organization
127 W. Hargett St. -Suite 406
Raleigh, NC 27601
Telephone: [phone]
Facsimile: 919.807.8517
E-Mail: [e-mail]
Website: http://www.sleigh-nc.org/cameo/index.htm
---Original Message--
From: [e-mail] [mailto:[e-mail]]
Sent: Friday, October 15, 20041:32 PM
To: Johnson, Ed
Subject: Airport Boulevard ICE
Mr. Johnson,
I am working on an Indirect and Cumulative Effects (ICE) study on the widening of Airport
Boulevard in Morrisville from McCrimmon Parkway to NC 54 for the NC DOT. As part of the
process, we need the perspective of local planners on how the road project may impact the
community.
Attached to this email you will find a questionnaire on the potential impacts. It would be a great
help if you (or someone that you designate) could answer these questions for us. It is not a rush
to get the questionnaire back, but it would be ideal if you could return it within the next two weeks.
If you have any questions or would like additional information on the project, please don't hesitate
to contact me. Thanks for your time and cooperation.
Sincerely,
Kory Wilmot
Urban Planner
URS Corporation
1600 Perimeter Park Drive
Morrisville, NC 27560
phone: [phone]
email: kory [e-mail]
:~
(See attached file: Airport Boulevard Survey.doc) Airport_Blvd_ICE.pc
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE iii

Correspondence with Morrisville Planning Department concerning
Airport Boulevard ICE Questionnaire
To: [e-mail]
10/15/2004 01:29 PM
Subject: Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
Mr. Culpepper,
I am working on an Indirect and Cumulative Effects (ICE) study on the
widening of Airport Boulevard from McCrimmon Parkway to NC 54 for the NC
DOT. As part of the process, we need the perspective of local planners on
how the road project may impact the community. Attached to this email you
will find a questionnaire on the potential impacts. It would be a great
help if you (or someone that you designate) could answer these questions
for us. It is not a rush to get the questionnaire back, but it would be ideal if
you could return it within the next two weeks.
If you have any questions or would like additional information on the
project, please don't hesitate to contact me. Thanks for your time and
cooperation.
Sincerely,
Kory Wilmot
Urban Planner
URS Corporation
1600 Perimeter Park Drive
Morrisville, NC 27560
phone: [phone]
email: [e-mail]
(See attached file: Airport Boulevard Survey.doc)
From: [e-mail] [mailto:[e-mail]]
Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2004 10:49 AM
To: Philip E. Culpepper
Subject: Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
Mr. Culpepper,
I sent you a questionnaire concerning the Airport Boulevard Widening
Indirect and Cumulative Effects Study back in mid October (See Email
below). My project deadline is fast approaching. Can you take a look at
this and have a response for me by the first of next week?
Thanks,
Kory Wilmot
Urban Planner
URS Corporation
1600 Perimeter Park Drive
Morrisville, NC 27560
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE iv

From: Philip E. Culpepper
Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2004 4:15 PM
To: '[e-mail]'
Subject: RE: Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
To: <[e-mail]>
Subject: FW: Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
Try sending the short list. These question will have to be written better
then the last ones or I will not take the time to respond.
From: Kory [e-mail] [mailto:[e-mail]]
Sent: Friday, November 12, 200410:24 AM
To: Philip E. Culpepper
Subject: Re: Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
The survey was not something that URS developed. It comes directly from the NC DOT and their
publication "Guidance for Assessing Indirect and Cumulative Impacts of
Transportation Projects in North Carolina."
Attached you will find an abridged version of the survey that has been
tailored to this project. I hope you will find it easier to complete.
Regards,
Kory Wilmot
Urban Planner
URS Corporation
1600 Perimeter Park Drive
Morrisville, NC 27560
phone: [phone]
email: [e-mail]
(See attached file: Airport Boulevard Survey Abridged.doc)
From: Philip E. Culpepper
Sent: Monday, November 15, 2004 4:15 PM
To: 'Kory ~[e-mail]'
Subject: RE: Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
Attached you will find a completed survey.
Philip Culpepper
Planning Director
Town of Morrisville
919-463-6196
[e-mail]
Airport Boulevard Survey Abridged.
U-3344A Airpo-f Boulevard Widening ICE v

1600 Perimeter Park Dr.
Morrisville, NC 27560
[phone]
[phone] (fax)
RECORD OF CONVERSATION
SPOKE WITH:
Name: Phone Number.' Recorded ey.'
Mr. Philli Cul a er 919 463-6196 Ko Wilmot
Organization/Company: Date: Time:
Town of Morrisville Plannin Director 11.11.04 10:00 AM.
Client: Phone Number.• Extension:
NCDOT
Incoming x^ Outgoing For Information For Action
Route To: file
Project Name: Airport Boulevard ICE
File number
Contract No.: 31823694
Reason for Call: Called to follow up on the Airport Boulevard ICE Survey
QUEST/ONS ASKED:
A voicemail was left to inform Mr. Culpepper of the importance of the
survey and of having Morrisville's positions and opinions documented.
I informed him that I had gone through the survey and narrowed it
down to only 4 vital questions. I also offered to conduct the survey
over the phone or to meet with him in person in an effort to make the
process less cumbersome.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE vi

Airport Boulevard Widening (Morrisville)
Abridged Indirect and Cumulative Effects Survey
PURPOSE
The purpose of this Survey is to gain insight from local and regional professionals
into the study area's economic and development patterns in order to assess how
future economic and physical development patterns will be affected by the
Project. This Survey is being distributed as part of an Indirect and Cumulative
Impacts Study being conducted by NCDOT, DWQ, and. URS Corporation (Project
Consultant).
Interviewee: Philip Culpepper
Title: Planning Director
Affiliation/Company: Town of Morrisville
Phone Number: 919-463-6196
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The purpose of this survey is to assess the potential indirect and cumulative effects that may result from the
incremental effects of the proposed widening of Airport Boulevard (SR 3015), from NC 54 to McCrimmon Parkway
(TIP U-3344A), and other past, present, and future development activities in the same geographic region as the
project.
QUESTIONS
1. Describe the development projects and patterns you expect to take place in
the area surrounding the proposed project over the next 25 years. How does the
probability of development change if the road widening project does not occur?
Projects along this area would likely be similar to those along the portion of
Airport Blvd. That already improved to five lanes.
Development will likely occur faster because NCDOT has lowered the cost of
developing land fronting on the road. We would require developers build the
improvements that arte now being built by NCDOT.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE vii

2. How does the project fit into Morrisville's land use, zoning, and
transportation plans? Are there any conflicts between the project and the
existing plans?
This project is consistent with all of these plans. There is no conflict.
3. Do the current ordinances and planning documents sufficiently address
future development, environmental, and transportation needs? Are there specific
changes that are needed and/or likely to occur?
All ordinances are suff cient. No changes are needed.
4. Do you anticipate additional capital investments to support future
development that would not be made without the proposed project? Please
explain and identify the areas and type of infrastructure improvement.
See question #1 above.
5. What are some of the competitive strengths that the study area has over
other regions in North Carolina? What are some of the weaknesses? (i.e., in
terms of technology, the labor pool, industrial base, etc.).
Morrisville has interstate access and large areas for commercial, office and
industrial development. We are central to the Triangle. Our major weakness is
that most of the roads in town are NCDOT and are in great need of improvement.
Other towns send their traffic impact to us and we are not in the position to make
necessary upgrades.
THANK YOU
U-3344A Airpo-t Boulevard Widening ICE viii

Appendix B: Checklists
U-3344A Airpo-t Boulevard l~dening ICE ix

B-1
ORGANIZATION AND TABULATION OF GOALS CHART
(Check where applicable)
Social Health and Well-Being Goals
/ Achieve adequate, appropriate and accessible
_ open space and recreation.
/ Comply with state and federal water and air
_ quality laws.
_ Preserve or create multi-cultural diversity.
_ Preserve heritage.
_ Provide choice of affordable residential locations
Provide urban environment for those with special
_ needs.
/ Promote land use patterns with sense of
_ community.
/ Provide a range of services accessible to all.
/ Promote a healthy and safe environment.
/ Provide sound management of solid and
_ hazardous waste.
_ Other.
Economic Opportunity Goals
Support activities to meet changing economic
/ conditions.
_ Provide energy-efficient transportation.
Provide developments with transit-supported
_ capabilities.
/ Target economic export activities.
/ Attract and maintain work force.
/ Promote infill of smaller, passed-over sites.
Encourage redevelopment of older areas for new
purposes.
Other.
Ecosystem Protection Goals
/ Protect ecosystems.
_ Minimize fragmentation.
_ Promote native species.
Protect rare and keystone species.
The Town of Morrisville offers park and recreation
activities, which include organized sports, athletic
facllities, community centers, and cultural programs.
These programs and facilities promote and active and
healthy communities.
The Wake County Soil and Water Conservation District
works to protect,. restore, and improve the use of soil,
water, and related resources.
The Morrisville Land Use Plan is set up to provide for
orderly growth and development in the town through
coordination of development with existing and planned
infrastructure improvements.
Morrisville's location next to RTP and the RDU airport
has made it an attractive place for development. This
trend will continue and Morrisville has worked to facilitate
future development.
The Airport Boulevard Widening project is included in the
Town of Morrisville's Transportation Plan and in the
CAMPO TIP Plan.
Neuse River Basin Plans:
- Protect unimpaired waters yet allow of reasonable
economic growth.
- Restore full use to impaired waters.
- Protect high value resource waters.
/ Protect sensitive environments.
_ Maintain natural processes.
Maintain natural structural diversity.
Protect genetic diversity.
/ Restore modified ecosystems.
Other.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
x

B-2
STUDY AREA DIRECTIONS AND GOALS CHECKLIST
1. Generalized Setting
Within Metropolitan Statistical Area (Identify MSA) / Raleigh-Cary
Outside of MSA
Both Inside and Outside MSA Indicate Distance to Nearest Metropolitan Center
2. Characteristics of Transportation System (Note: These items are not intended to cover entire transportation need, but rather to use
information from more detailed assessments to provide a preliminary indication of existing accessibility, service and modal
interrelationship characteristics, i.e., factors relevant to subsequent indirect effects analysis).
• Identify missing links in transportation system
• Map and describe existing level of service on minor and principal arterials and their access characteristics.
• Indicate distance to nearest interstate highway if not in study area.
• Map and describe existing transit routes and demand.
• Map and describe major concentrations of existing and planned devebpment.
• Describe modal interrelationships including competing and complementary characteristics.
3. Population Trend Projection
Declining
Static (t 1%110 years)
Slow Growth
Rapid Growth (>10%110 years) / /
4. Planning Context Yes No If Yes, identify by title, agency and date
Zoning / Morrisville
State Master Plan /
County /Regional Master Plan / CAMPO
Municipal Master Plan / Morisville
Water Quality Management Plan / NCDENR, DWO
Other Natural Resources Man ement Plan
5. Describe known plans for major new or expanded activity centers including public facilities. Plans exist to extend McCrimmon
Parkwa .This ro'ect, cou led with the construction of I-540, will make the area more attractive for develo ment. .
Plans are underwa for the construction of a new hotel and convention center to be located alon Ai rt Boulevard near I-40.

Is the activity center dependent on transportation system improvement? Yes / No
6. Is the transportation need linked to economic growth and land development? Yes / No
If yes, is the nature of the linkage to:
Serve the needs of planned growth or
Channelize growth / or
Stimulate growth / or
7 Based on information obtained, are there any apparent conflicts between transportation and other needs that could resuk in
controversy? (Describe)
Yes Possible No /
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE xi

B-3
ECOSYSTEM CONDITIONS INVENTORY

~ Suburban ~• .•
See Figure 2, Study Area and Figure 8 Current Land Use
Landscapes
Remnant Communities
Greenways
Remnant Populations
Wetlands and Riparian Zones
Drainage Patterns
Natural Vegetation Diversity

~ Rural See Figure 2, Study Area and Figure 8 Current Land Use
Watersheds
Local Ecosystem Integrity
Riparian Corridors
Endemics and Migratory Species
Riparian and Forest Corridors
Hydrology
Landscape Pattern Diversity
Dispersal Routes

Wildland
Regional Ecosystems
Remote Habitat
Contiguous Habitat
Habitat Interior Species
Unique Environments
Structural Components of Interior
Habitat
Sub-Population Movements
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE xii

0
B-4
SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS INVENTORY
Economic
Residents' Occupational Mix
Jobs in Community (Mix)
JobslHousing Balance (Self-Containment)
Income Distribution Mix
Journey to Work (Length and Mode)
Job Growth Rate
Business Ownership and Services Characteristics
Demograahic
Population Growth Rate
Population Age Mix
Household Types
Retired Population Percent
Social
Community Cohesion
Crime Rates
Clubs, Sports and Organizations Participation
Education Levels Mix
Sense of Control Over Change
Balance of Old Timers and Newcomers
Physical
Housing Stock Mix and Values
Open Space Percent
Town Area and Form
.Separation from Other Activity Centers
Residential Density
Mix of Land Uses
Town Edge Activity
Historic Structures and Places
Circulation and Traffic Characterizations
Neighborhood Design Characteristics
Infrastructure Character
Commercial Building Scale
See Section 3.2.2 Population, Development and Employment.
See Section 3.2.2 Population, Development and Employment.
See Section 3.3.3 Socioeconomic Conditions
See Section 3.2.3 Zoning Land Use and Transportation
Planning.
See Section 3.3.2 Ecosystem Conditions.
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
xiii

Town Entrance Setting
Scenic Character
Trees and Vegetation Presence
Noise Levels and Timing
Lighting Influence
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE xiv

r
B-5
NOTABLE FEATURES CHECKLIST
(Check where applicable)
S eci
Ecosystem Features
/ Regional Habitats of Concern I Critical Areas
Rare, Threatened or Endangered Species and
_ Associated Habitat
_ Species Requiring High Survival Rates
Speces Whose Intrinsic Rates of Increase
_ Fluctuate Greatly
Communities with Vulnerable Keystone Predators
_ or Materialists
Other
Socioeconomic Features

See Section 3.2.5. Transportation System
Characteristics and Trends
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
Substandard Amounts of Open Space and
Recreation
Non-Compliance with State and Federal
Environmental Laws
High Concentration of Uncontrolled Solid and
Hazardous Waste Sites
Inadequate Affordable Housing
Inadequate Access to Amenities
Economically Distressed Area
Lack of Institutional Land Use Controls
High Proportion of Population Consisting of:
Minorities
Low-Income Residents
Elderly
Young
Disabled
Low Proportion of Long-Term Residents
Locations of Poor Traffic Flow
Other
XV

B-6
NOTABLE FEATURES ADDRESSED BY FEDERAL AND NORTH CAROLINA
STATUTUES
(Check where applicable)

~. .•
Section 4(f) Resources National Historic Preservation Act of . US Department of the Interior,
/ Public Parks and Recreational 1966 [16 USC § 461-470; 36 CFR Part Fish & Wildlife Service
Lands 800]; Transportation Equity Act for the (USFWS); US Department of
21~ Century (TEA-21, 1998) [23 USC; the Interior, Bureau of Indian
_ Wildlife and Waterfowl PL 105-178 and as amended 105- Affairs; US Department of the
Refuges 206]; DOT Act [23 USC § 138, 49 USC Interior, National Park Service
/` Historic Sites § 303©, 23 CFR 771.135]; Act for the (NPS); National Archives and
Historic or Archaeological Preservation of American Antiquities Records Administration
Districts [16 USC § 431-033]; American Indian (NARA); US Department of
Archaeological Sites Religious Freedom Act [42 USC § Agriculture, Forest Service
- 1996]; Native American Grave (USES; Bureau of Land
Historic Structures Protection and Repatriation Act (25 Management (BLM
USC § 3001-3013]; Historic Bridges [23

USC § 144(0)]; Wilderness Act [16 • North Carolina Department of
USC § 1131-1136]; Land and Water Cultural Resources, Division of
Conservation Fund Act [16 USC § 460- Archives and History; North
4 to 460-11]; National Trails Systems Carolina Department of
Act (16 USC § 1241-1249) Environment and Natural
Resources (NCDENR), Division
of Parks and Recreation
• Local Parks and Recreation
Officials
• Local historic preservation and
genealogical organizations
Coastal Zone Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 . NCDENR, Division of Coastal
-
Coastal Wetlands [16 USC 33 § 1451-1465]; Clean Water Man ement; NCDENR,
~
Act 33 USC 1344 ; E.O. 11990 -
( ] Division of Water Quality
Navi able Waters
- 9 Protection of Wetlands; Rivers and
Harbor Act of 1899 [33 USC 1344]; ' US Army Corps of Engineers
North Carolina Coastal Area (USAGE)
Management Act 1974 (CAMA) [7 US Department of Commerce,
NCGS 113A-100-134.3]; North Marine Fisheries Service
Carolina Water Quality Certification . NCDENR, Division of Marine
Rules (15A NCAC 2H.0500]; Coastal Fisheries
Barriers Resources Act [16 USC §
3501-3510]; CAMA Rules EIS NCAC
7H.0208
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE xvi

~. .~ • •
Waters of the United States Clean Water Act [33 USC 1251-1376]; . USACE; US Coast Guani
_
Jurisdictional Wetlands
- E.O 11990 -Protection of Wetlands;
Rivers and Harbor Act of 1899 [33 USC • NCDENR, Division of Water
_ Coastal Wetlands (See 401 et seq.]; State Watershed Buffer Quality
Coastal Zone) Rules [15A NCAC 2B.0233, .0242, • NCDENR, Division of Coastal
_ Navigable Waters .0259 and .0260]; North Carolina Water Management
/ Wetland Mitigation Quality Certification Rules [15A NCAC . US Department of Commerce,
- 2H.0500]; Wetland Restoration Marine Fisheries Service
Program Rules [15A NCAC 2R.100] • NCDENR, Division of Marine
Fisheries
/ Stream Buffers State Watershed Buffer Rules [15A . NCDENR, Division of Water
NCAC 26 .0233, .0242, .0259, and quality
.0260
/ Sedimentation Sedimentation Pollution Control Act . NCDENR, Division of Water
- [NCGS 113 A-50-66] Quality
/ Stormwater NC Regulations 15A NCAC 2H.1000 . NCDENR, Division of Water
Quality
Sole Source Aquifer Safe Drinking Water Act [42 USC § . NCDENR, Division of Water
- 300F-300J-6] Quality; NCDENR, Division of
Environmental Health
/
Floodplains E.O. 11988, Floodplain Management . Federal Emergency
_ (as amended by E.O. 12148); Flood Management Agency (FEMA)
Disaster Protection Act [42 USC § • North Carolina Department of
4001-4128]; North Carolina Floodplain
Transportation (NCDOT)
[NCGS § 143-215.51-215.61]
• Counties and Munici alities
Threatened and Endangered Endangered Species Act of 1973 [16 USFWS; US Department of
Species USC § 1531 et seq]; Fish and Wildlife Commerce, Marine Fisheries
/ Rare I Unique Habitat Coordination Act [16 USC 661 et seq]; Service; NCDENR, Division of
- Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 Marine Fisheries
[16 USC § 1361 et seq]; North Carolina • NCDENR
Division of Parks and
Endangered Species Act [NCGS 113- ,
Natural Heritage
Recreation
331 to 113-337]; North Carolina Plant ,
Protection and Conservation Act of Program, Wildlife Resources
1979 [NCGS 106-202.12 to 106- Commission; North Carolina
202 22 Department of Agriculture
Area of Know Contamination Comprehensive Environmental US Environmental Protection
_
Solid Waste Response Compensation Liability Act Agency (USEPA)
- (CERCLA) [42 USC § 9601-9675];
Division of Waste
• NCDENR
Resource Conservation and Recovery ,
Act (RCRA) [42 USC 6901 et seq (40 Management
CFR Parts 240-271
Wild, Scenic or Recreational Wild and Scenic Rivers Act [16 USC § US Department of the Interior,
_
Waters 1271-1287; Public Law 90-542); Rivers NPS; USACE
and Harbor Act of 1899 (33 USC 403] • NCDENR, Division of Coastal
Mana ement
/ Surface Water Classifications and Water Quality . NCDENR, Division of Water
- Standards Applicable to Surface quality
Waters and Wetlands of North Carolina
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE xvii

~. .• • •
[15A NCAC 26.0200]
/ Ground Water North Carolina Groundwater NCDENR, Division of Water
Classification and Standards [15A quality
NCAC 2L.0100
Prime or Unique Farmland Farmland Protection Act [7 USC § . US Department of Agriculture,
4201-p4209] Natural Resource Conservation
Service
/ Sensitive Receptors Noise Control Act [23 USC § 109(1)] . USEPA
• NCDOT
/ Non-Attainment or Clean Air Act [42 USC § 7609 {CAA § . USEPA
Maintenance Areas 309} 40 CFR Part 93]; North Carolina
Federal Highway Administration
Sensitive Receptors Clean Air Rules [15A NCAC 2D .0100-
.2000] (FHWA) Southern Resource
Center
• NCDOT; NCDENR, Division of
Air quali
/ Communities and Residential Federal Uniform Relocation Assistance US Department of Commerce,
or Commercial and Real Property Acquisition Policies Census Bureau
Property Act of 1970 [42 USC § 4602 et seq]; Local Govemments
North Carolina Relocation Assistance
Act [NCGS 133-5-18]; E.O. 12898- • Local Citizens Groups (Church,
Environmental Justice School, Social, Unions,
Chambers of Commerce,
Realtors ,Individual Citizens
Environmental Justice Civil Rights Act [Title V1:42 USC § . US Department of Commerce,
2000D (60 FR 33896) et seq); E.O. Census Bureau
12898-Environmental Justice
. Local Govemments
• Local Citizens Groups (Church,
School, Social, Unions,
Chambers of Commerce,
Realtors), Individual Citizens
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE xviii

B-7
OTHER ACTIVITIES (EXISTING AND PROPOSED)
THAT MAY CUMULATIVELY AFFECT NOTABLE FEATURES
~• ~• . -.
...
Residential

Industrial /Commercial
HoteUConvention Center Airport Boulevard and I-00 Under Construction Land use, traffic
alterations
Industrial Development McCrimmon Parkway and
Ai ort Boulevard Proposedlongoing Land use, traffic
alterations, erns tem

Government/Community Facility
TTA Rail Station Southeast of project,
downtown Morrisville Proposed Land use, ecosystem,
traffic alterations

Utilities

Transportation
I-00 Widening North of Project Study Area Completed Access Alteration,
Chan es in Traffic
I-540 Extension West of Project Study Area Under Construction Access Alteration,
Chan es in Traffic
. NC 55 Widening Wden to multi-lanes from
US 64 to Cornwallis Rd Planning Stages Access Alteration,
Chan es in Traffic
Aviation Parkway Widening Widen to 5 lanes from I-00
to NC 54 Planning Stages Access Alterations,
Chan es in Traffic
Airport Boulevard Extension Extend from NC 54 to Davis
Drive Early Planning Stages Access Alterations,
Chan es in Traffic
McCrimmon Parkway Extend from NC 54 to
Airport Boulevard and
connectin with Aviation Planning Stages Access Alterations,
Changes in Traffic
Other

U-3344A Airpo-t Boulevard Widening ICE xix

x
B-8.
PROJECT IMPACT-CAUSING ACTIVITIES CHECKLIST
Describe Generally (Source. Breadth
Modification of Regime Yes No Duration. Location and Tvoel
Exotic Flora Introduction /
Modification of Habitat / Inaease runoff, degradation of water
quality ftom sedimentation.
Alteration of Ground Cover / New construction, change in land use
Nteration of Groundwater Hydrology /
Alteration of Drainage / New construction, change in land use
River Control and Flow Modfication /
Channelization /
Noise and Vibration / Increased traffic flow, especially trucks
Land Transformation and Construction
New or Expanded Transportation Facility / Widening of existing Airport Boulevard
Service or Support Sites and Buildings /
New a Expanded Service or Frontage Roads /
Ancillary Transmission Lines, Pipelines, and Corridors /
Barriers, Induding Fencing /
Channel Dredging and Straightening /
Channel Revetments /
Canals /
Bulkheads or Seawalls /
Cut and Fill / Roadbed grading.
Resource Extraction
Surface Excavation / Cut/fill associated with road widening
Subsurface Excavaton
Dredging /
Processing
Product Storage /
Land Alteration
Erosion Control and Terracing / Standard highway landscaping and
construction methods.
Mine Sealing and Waste Control /
Landscaping /
Wetland or Open Water Fill and Drainage /
Harbor Dredging /
Resource Renewal
Reforestation /
Groundwater Recharge /
Waste Recyding
Site Remediation /
Changes in Traffic (including adjoining facilities]
Railroad /
Transit (Bus) /
Transit (Fixed Guideway) /
Automobile /
Trucking /
Aircraft /
River and Canal Traffic /
Pleasure Boating /
Communication /
Operational or Service Charge /
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
xx

Modification of Regime
Waste Emplacement and Treatment
Landfill
Emplacement of Spoil and Overburden
Underground Storage
Sanitary Waste Discharge
Septic Tanks
Stack and Exhaust Emission
Chemical Treatment
Fertilization
Chemical Deicing
Chemical Soil Stabilization
Weed Control
Pest Control
Access Alteration
New or Expanded Access to Activity Center
New or Expanded Access to Undeveloped Land
Alter Travel Circulation Patters
Alter Travel Times Between Maja Trip Productions
and Attractions
Other
Yes No

Describe Generally (Source, Breadth.
Duration. Location and Tvae)
Increased access to
U-3344A Airport Boulevard Widening ICE
xxt

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4. PROVIDE WHEELCHAIR RAMPS AT LOCATIONS AS SHOWN ON THE PLANS OR AS DIRECTED BY THE ENGINEER. LOCATE WHEELCHAIR RAMPS
A3 DIRECTED BY THE ENGINEER WHERE EXISTING LIGHT POLES, FIRE HYDRANTS, DROP INLETS, ETC. AFFECT PLACEMENT. WHERE
TWO RAMPS ARE INSTALLED PLACE NOT LESS THAN 2 FEET OF FULL HEIGHT CURB BETWEEN THE RAMPS. PLACE DUAL RAMPS
AS NEAR PERPENDICULAR TO THE TRAVEL LANE BEING CROSSED AS POSSIBLE.
5. PAY FOR ALL VARIABLE DEPTH CONCRETE USED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELCHAIR RAMPS AS CONCRETE WHEELCHAIR RAMPS. (SQ. YDS.)
Z B. PAY FOR ALL DEPRESSED CURBS AT WHEELCHAIR RAMPS AS THE TYPE CURB AND GUTTER USED ADJACENT TO DEPRESSED CURB. (LN. FT.) ~
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ONE RAMP IS INSTALLED. (SEE NOTE 17)
CLEAR ZONE IN THE VEHICULAR TRAVELWAY WHEN
WITH ALLOWANCE OF A 4 = W

Z 13. COORDINATE THE CURB CUT AND THE PEDESTRIAN CROSSWALK LINES 30 THE FLOOR OF THE WHEELCHAIR RAMP WILL FALL WITHIN y =
~ ~ THE PEDESTRIAN CROSSWALK LINES. PLACE DIAGONAL RAMPS WITH FLARED SIDES SO 24" OF FULL HEIGHT CURB FALLS WITHIN J 3
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~ 14. CONSTRUCT THE PEDESTRIAN CROSSWALK A MINIMUM OF 8 FEET. A CROSSWALK WIDTH OF 10 FEET OR GREATER IS DESIRABLE. W
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VEHICLES ARE REQUIRED TO STOP IN COMPLIANCE WITH A TRAFFIC SIGNAL, STOP SIGN OR OTHER LEGAL REQUIREMENT. AN UNUSUAL APPROACH
SKEW MAY REQUIRE THE PLACEMENT OF THE STOP LINE TO BE PARALLEL TO THE INTERSECTING ROADWAY.
18. TERMINATE PARKING A MINIMUM OF 20 FEET BACK OF PEDESTRIAN CROSSWALK.
17. PLACE ALL PAVEMENT MARKINGS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LATEST EDITION OF THE MANUAL OF UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES (MUTCD)
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