19990231 Ver 1_Monitoring Report_20101222

CLEARWATER ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSULTANTS, INC.
224 South Grove St, Ste F
Hendersonville, NC 28792
[phone]
FAX [phone]
Ian McMillan
NC Division of Water Quality
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
CA-0?'3t
DATE:
12.14.10 PROJECT: 308
ATTENTION:
RE: Mitigation c, 11 \Y Lg w
2clo
WETLa,11DE AND STORL 4TER EW CM
WE ARE SENDING YOU ® ATTACHED ? UNDER SEPARATE COVER VIA THE FOLLOWING ITEMS:
COPIES DATE NO. DESCRIPTION
1 12.14.10 Nucor Mitigation Report
THESE ARE TRANSMITTED AS CHECK BELOW:
? For approval ? Approved as submitted ? Resubmit copies for approval
? For your use ? Approved as noted ? Submit copies for distribution
? As requested ? Returned for corrections ? Return corrected prints
? For review and comment ? Materials returned after loan to us ?
REMARKS:
Enclosed is the wetland mitigation report for Nucor Steel.
Please do not hesitate to call [phone] if you have any further questions.
COPY TO
SIGNED:
CLEARWATER ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC.
°?q-o'13 ?
Prepared For:

PLATE MILL
Nucor Steel
Post Office Box 279
Winton, North Carolina 27986
Monitoring Year 5 for
7-acre Created Wetland
December 2010
Prepared By:
CLfflrMter
C1earWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
224 South Grove Street, Suite F
Hendersonville, North Carolina 28792
DFC
V'?EjLRt?begNpgrpfi??aejc, B?CN
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1
2.0 BACKGROUND ...................................................................•.......1
2.1 Location ..................................................................................... 1
2.2 Goals and Objectives ..................................................................... 2
2.3 Restoration Approach .................................................................... 2
2.4 History and Projected Schedule ......................................................... 3
2.5 Project Contacts ........................................................................... 4
3.0 VEGETATION MONITORING ............................................................. 5
3.1 Vegetation Monitoring Protocol ........................................................ 5
3.2 Vegetation Success Criteria ............................................................. 5
3.3 Vegetation Monitoring Results ........................................................... 6
4.0 HYDROLOGY MONITORING ........................................................ 6
4.1 Hydrology Monitoring Protocol ........................................................ 6
4.2 Hydrology Success Criteria ............................................................. 7
4.3 Hydrology Monitoring Results .......................................................... 7
5.0 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................... 8
5.1 Vegetation Monitoring ................................................................... 8
5.2 Hydrology Monitoring ................................................................... 8
List of Tables
Table 1: History and Projected Schedule
Table 2: Project Contacts
Table 3: Monitoring Results of Planted Strems
Table 4: Hydrology Monitoring Results
List of Figures
Figure 1: Site Location Map
Figure 2: USGS Topographic Map
Figure 3: Created Wetland Layout
Figure 4: Murphreesboro WETS Station 2009
30-70 Percentile Graph
Appendices
Appendix A: Representative Photos
Appendix B: Well Data
Appendix C: Littoral Shelves
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Nucor Steel (Nucor) was issued a Department of the Army Permit (No. 199811324), a NC
Division of Water Quality 401 Certification (990231), and a Division of Coastal
Management Permit (79-99) to construct a railroad crossing and stormwater management
ponds in unnamed intermittent tributaries of the Chowan River and wetlands adjacent to
Brooks Creek in Hertford County, North Carolina. As a special condition to these permits,
Nucor is required to implement mitigation measures outlined in the "Revised Compensatory
Wetlands Mitigation Plan for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill, Hertford County, November
8, 1999" (Mitigation Plan). The Mitigation Plan includes creation of a 7-acre bottomland
hardwood wetland and creation of 2.68 acres of littoral shelves along the periphery of four
stormwater ponds, as well as the preservation of 150 acres of swamp forest along the
Chowan River and 14.68 acres of on-site wetlands. These mitigation efforts are required to
offset unavoidable impacts to 2.32 acres of jurisdictional freshwater wetlands. The as-built
monitoring was conducted in May 2002, after construction and planting of the mitigation
areas. The first annual fall monitoring was conducted in October 2002. As documented in
the fall of 2004, the tree mortality had fallen below the designated vegetation success
criteria. In 2004, a remedial wetland mitigation plan was submitted to the US Army Corps
of Engineers (USACE). This plan was approved by the USACE on February 15, 2005. In
February of 2006, Nucor Steel planted 3,300 trees in the wetland creation area. Nucor also
installed five new hydrology monitoring wells within the creation area and one new well in
the reference wetland in July of 2006.
It is the opinion of C1earWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC) that Nucor has
completed its requirement of successfully establishing the wetland creation area. This is the
fifth and final annual monitoring report for the remedial wetland activities.
MY-5 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2010
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Nucor Steel (Nucor) was issued a Department of the Army Permit (No. 199811324), a NC
Division of Water Quality (DWQ) 401 Certification (99-0231), and a NC Division of
Coastal Management (DCM) Permit (79-99) to construct a railroad crossing and stormwater
management ponds in unnamed intermittent tributaries to the Chowan River and wetlands
adjacent to Brooks Creek in Hertford County, North Carolina. As a special condition of
these permits, Nucor is required to implement mitigation measures outlined in the "Revised
Compensatory Wetlands Mitigation Plan for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill dated
November 8, 1999 and the Remedial Wetland Mitigation Plan" approved on February 15,
2005.
2.0 BACKGROUND
The mitigation plan outlines activities which will offset unavoidable impacts to 2.32 acres of
jurisdictional freshwater wetlands. Jurisdictional wetlands are defined by 33 CFR Part
328.3(b) and are protected by the Clean Water Act (33 CFR 1344) which is administered
and enforced by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Mitigation efforts for the
project include the following:
• creation of 7 acres of wetland
• creation of 0.604 acre of littoral shelf around Pond C 1
• creation of 0.917 acre of littoral shelf around Pond B 1
• creation of 0.839 acre of littoral shelf around Pond Al
• creation of 0.504 acre of littoral shelf around Pond A3
• preservation of 14.87 acres of on-site wetlands
• preservation of 150 acres of off-site wetlands
2.1 Location
The project site is located in the Brooks Creek watershed approximately 7 miles
southeast of the town of Winton, North Carolina. Brooks Creek is a tributary to
the Wiccacon River in Hertford County, North Carolina. The site is also located
in the Chowan River Basin and the US Geological Survey hydrologic unit code
03010203. The latitude and longitude for the project area are 36.3452618°N and
76.8244324°W, respectively. From Raleigh, take US Highway 64 East. Turn
north onto US Highway 13-NC Highway 42 towards Ahoskie, North Carolina. In
Ahoskie, continue northeast on US Highway 13 towards Winton. Turn east
(right) onto US Old Highway 13. In Winton, turn southeast (right) onto River
Road. At the entrance to Nucor Steel, turn south (right). Turn east (left) onto
Bazemore Road. The 7-acre wetland creation site is located on the northern (left)
side of Bazemore Road.
Page 1 of 8
MY-5 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2010
2.2 Goals and Objectives
The goals and objectives of the mitigation are as follows:
1. Create suitable compensatory mitigation for authorized impacts;
2. Create aquatic habitats;
3. Establish native vegetation through plantings; and
4. Improve the natural aesthetics of the location as a functional wetland.
The creation of the wetland area involved the following steps:
1. Grading of the site to a pre-determined elevation;
2. Installing a diffuser structure to provide hydrology to the site from an
adjacent stormwater pond; and
3. Planting native woody vegetation to accelerate the development of a
mature forested wetland.
2.3 Restoration Approach
The site was constructed over a 1-year period beginning in the spring of 2001 and
finishing in the winter of 2002. Prior to excavation, spot elevations within the
existing wetland "W/V were taken to set the target elevation for the creation area.
The target elevation as set forth in the "Revised Compensatory Wetlands Mitigation
Plan for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill" dated November 8, 1999 was 30.5 feet
above mean sea level (MSL). The as-built topographic survey conducted by the
Bissell Group indicates that the site is near design elevation. Elevations mostly vary
from 30.19 to 30.92 feet above MSL throughout the site with several small isolated
depressions.
As-built monitoring was conducted in May of 2002, after construction and planting
of the mitigation areas. Hardwood saplings included the following species: bald
cypress (Taxodium distichum), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), laurel oak
(Quercus laurifolia), water tupelo (Nyssa Mora), willow oak (Quercus phellos),
and water oak (Quercus nigra). Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera) was planted along the
transition area between the wetland area and the upland area. Herbaceous species
planted on the littoral shelves included pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata), arrow
arum (Peltandra virginica), soft rush (Juncus effusus), lizard's tail (Saururus
cernuus), shallow sedge (Carex lurida) and uptight sedge (Carex stricta).
The first annual fall monitoring was conducted in October of 2002. As documented
in the fall of 2004, the tree survivability had fallen below the designated vegetation
success criteria. In 2004, a remedial wetland mitigation plan was submitted to the
USAGE. The 2004 monitoring report indicated that the created wetland was semi-
permanently flooded from 2002 to 2004 and the planted oaks did not survive. The
mean density of trees per acre fell to 231, which did not meet the required 320 trees
per acre outlined in the original mitigation plan. It is important to note that tree
survival rates for the more water tolerant species of cypress, tupelo, and ash
remained high (79-89% average) and lead to the conclusion that the most significant
factor affecting oak tree mortality was long hydroperiods.
Page 2 of 8
MY-5 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2010
A remediation plan was approved by the DWQ on December 1, 2004 and by the
USACE on February 15, 2005. In February of 2006, Nucor planted an additional
3,300 trees in the wetland creation area. Planted trees included cypress, tupelo, and
ash species; fewer oak species were planted and only in areas with the highest
elevation. In July of 2006, Nucor installed five new groundwater-monitoring wells
within the creation area and one new well within a reference wetland.
Herbaceous species were planted in Pond B1 during the spring of 2001; herbaceous
species were planted in Ponds Cl, A3, and half of Pond Al during the spring of
2002. The remainder of Pond Al was planted in June of 2002. In 2002, a total of
5,150 seedling tree species as described above were planted on a 6-foot by 10-foot
spacing for a total of 726 trees per acre and approximately 51,885 herbaceous
species were planted on 18-inch spacings on the littoral shelves (See Appendix C for
qualitative evaluation of littoral shelves) per the "Revised Compensatory Wetlands
Mitigation Plan for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill" dated November 8, 1999. An
additional 3,300 hardwood trees were planted in 2006. Monitoring of wetlands
concludes this year (2010) with a regulatory review after the fifth year to determine
success.
2.4 History and Projected Schedule
Table 1: Histarv and Praieeted fiehedido
-Activity Planned or Actual Date
Off-site Preservation 150 acres Conservation Easement November 2, 1999
Planting of littoral shelf on Pond B 1 Spring 2001
On-Site Preservation Restrictive Covenants recorded March 5, 2001
Grading of 7-acre created wetland Spring 2001-Winter 2002
Planting of 7-acre created wetland February 2002
-Planting of littoral shelves on Ponds C1, A1, and A3 April-June 2002
MY-1 monitoring and report submittal March-November 2002
MY-2 monitoring and report submittal March-November 2003
MY-3 monitoring and report submittal March-September 2004
Submittal of proposed remediation plan October 2004
NCDWQ approval of remediation plan December 2004
USACE approval of remediation plan February 2005
Remedial planting of 7-acre created wetland February 2006
Installation of new hydrology monitoring wells July 2006
MY-1 monitoring and report submittal Sept-November 2006
Well maintenance March 2007
MY-2 monitoring and report submittal Sept -November 2007
Well Maintenance March 2008
MY-3 monitoring and report submittal Sept-November 2008
Well Maintenance March 2009
MY-4 monitoring and report submittal Sept-November 2009
Well maintenance March 2010
MY-5 monitoring and report submittal August-December 2010
Page 3 of 8
MY-5 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2010
2.5 Project Contacts
Table 2: Proiect Contacts
Newkirk Environmental
1887 Clements Ferry Road
Designer Charleston, South Carolina 29492
[phone]
Attn: Duncan Newkirk
Nucor Steel
Construction and Planting Contractor Post Office Box 279
Winton, North Carolina 27986
[phone]
Attn: Terry Hairston
C1earWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
224 South Grove Street, Suite F
Monitoring Hendersonville, North Carolina 28792
[phone]
Attn: Clement Riddle
Page 4 of 8
MY-5 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2010
3.0 VEGETATION MONITORING
Based on the approved remediation plan, 3,300 trees were planted in the creation area in the
winter of 2006. Three transects with a total of seven plots were located within the creation
area. The following tree species were planted during the remediation effort in the
wetland creation area:
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash
Quercus laurifolia Laurel Oak
Nyssa aquatica Water Tupelo
Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress
3.1 Vegetation Monitoring Protocol
Vegetation monitoring was conducted in accordance with the Comprehensive
Wetland Determination Methodologies as described in the USACE Wetland
Delineation Manual 1987. Three line transects were established along a baseline
transect generally oriented perpendicular to Bazemore Road. Sample plots were
permanently established at random, 300-foot intervals in the 7-acre creation area.
All transects and plots were marked with 10-foot PVC stakes to facilitate
identification and future monitoring. Vegetative species composition and
dominance were measured within each sample plot. Trees were monitored within
30-foot radius circular plots. Herbaceous vegetation was monitored within 5-foot
radius circular plots. Herbaceous species were identified and the percent area cover
was recorded for each.
3.2 Vegetation Success Criteria
The established success criteria require a minimum mean density of 320
characteristic trees per acre surviving for at least five years in the wetland creation
area. Characteristic tree species are those species planted along with natural
recruitment of other naturally occurring hydrophytic species. Sweetgum
(Liquidambar styraciflua), red maple (Acer rubrum), and pines (Pinus spp) will not
be considered in the tally of the 320 trees per acre. No quantitative success criteria
were developed for the herbaceous and shrub assemblages as part of the vegetation
success criteria per the November 2002 mitigation plan and approved 2005
remediation plan.
Page 5 of 8
MY-5 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2010
3.3 Vegetation Monitoring Results
Table 3: 2010 Monitoring Results of Planted Stems

Plot # Bald

Cypress
Taxodium
distichum Water

Tupelo
Nyssa
Mora Green Ash

Fraxinus
pennsylvanica Laurel Oak

Quercus
laurifolia
M5

Total

Original
Total

Density
(Tree/acre)
1 52 7 6 0 65 79 1000
2 25 50 9 0 84 101 1292
3 19 12 1 0 32 40 492
4 15 7 1 1 24 17 369
5 20 5 4 0 29 25 446
6 25 13 1 0 39 46 600
7 20 17 4 1 42 70 646
TOTAL 315 378 i
Average Density 692
Monitoring Year 5 tree counts revealed an average density of 692 trees per acre,
which exceeds the 320 tree per acre minimum requirement. Other tree and shrub
species observed included eastern Baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), loblolly pine
(Pinus taeda), sweetgum, eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides), red maple, and
black willow (Salix nigra). Qualitative observations of the planted vegetation
indicate that planted trees were doing well.
4.0 HYDROLOGY MONITORING
Nucor purchased and installed six new automated groundwater wells in 2006 to record the
rise and fall of the water table in the creation area and in the reference wetland. Routine
maintenance of the wells is conducted in March of each monitoring season. The locations
of the wells were established using a Trimble GeoXT GPS unit and are shown on the
enclosed Figure 3. Locations of the wells are accurate to within 1 meter.
4.1 Hydrology Monitoring Protocol
Five new groundwater-monitoring wells in the creation area and one groundwater-
monitoring well in a reference wetland were installed on July 19, 2006. These wells
were installed according to Installing Monitoring Wells/Piezometers (ERDC TN-
WRAP-00-02) dated July of 2000. Monitoring wells are used to evaluate hydrology
in the wetland creation area, local climate data, and reference wetland hydrology.
The automatic monitoring wells record readings of groundwater depth every 12
hours. The Nucor Steel wetland site involved the construction of a stormwater pond
(C 1) adjacent to the wetland. Overflow from the pond enters into the wetland
creation area using a 300-foot level spreader. This connection should provide
adequate hydrologic input along with rainfall and groundwater to sustain the
necessary hydrology for the wetland area. The hydrologic monitoring should relate
the reaction of the groundwater and surface water levels to specific rainfall events.
Page 6 of 8
MY-5 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2010
Per the approved remedial action plan, CEC conducted maintenance of the wells on
March 3, 2010. The wells were removed from the ground and taken to the Nucor
facility. The wells were cleaned using a pressure washer to remove debris and fine
particulates. After cleaning, the wells were re-installed adjacent to their original
location and per the above-mentioned guidelines.
4.2 Hydrology Success Criteria
In accordance with federal guidelines for wetland mitigation, the success criteria for
hydrology states that the area must be inundated or saturated (within 12" of the
surface) by surface or groundwater for a consecutive 12.5% of the growing season.
Areas inundated for less than 5% of the growing season are always classified as non-
wetlands. Areas inundated between 5% - 12.5% of the growing season can be
classified as wetlands depending upon factors such as the presence of wetland
vegetation and hydric soils. The "Revised Compensatory Wetlands Mitigation Plan
for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill" dated November 8, 1999 set a target goal of
saturated soils for at least 22 days during the growing season.
The growing season in Hertford County begins March 28 and ends November 7.
These dates correspond to a 50% probability that temperatures will drop to 28°F or
lower after March 28 and before November 71. The growing season is 224 days;
therefore, optimum hydrology requires 12.5% of this season, or at least 33
consecutive days. A consecutive 10% would be equivalent to 22.4 days (rounded to
22 days) and a consecutive 5% would be equivalent to 11.2 days (rounded to 11
days). Local climate must also represent average conditions for the area.
4.3 Hydrology Monitoring Results
Data provided by the monitoring wells in the created wetland show saturation and
inundation for greater than 22 consecutive days of the growing season and represent
a successful hydrologic period.
The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within 12
inches of the surface was determined for each well. This number was converted into
a percentage of the 224-day growing season. The results are presented in Table 4.
Appendix B contains graphs of the measured groundwater depths for each
monitoring well. The maximum number of consecutive days is noted on each graph.
Individual precipitation events, shown on the monitoring well graphs in Appendix B,
represent data collected from the rain gauge installed on site.
Figure 4 represents a comparison of the local precipitation data and historic
precipitation data in order to determine whether 2010 was "average" in terms of
climate conditions. The figure compares the on-site rainfall from 2010 with that of
historical rainfall (data collected between 1971 and 2000). The graph shows 2010
rainfall totals from March 2010 through November 2010, which includes the
I Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Hertford County, North Carolina, p. 61.
Page 7 of 8
MY-5 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2010
growing season for this site.
Table 4: 2010 Wdroloov Monitorinu Results
Monitoring
Gauge <5%
(<11 days) 5-8%
(11-18 days) 8-12.5%
(19-28 days) >12.5%
(> 28 days) Actual Number of
Consecutive Days
(Percent) Success
Dates
GW1 • 18% (41 days) Sept. 27 -
Nov. 7
GW2 • 18% (41 days) Sept. 27 -
Nov. 7
GW3 • 22% (51 days) May 16 -
GW4* • 30% (69 days) MJu . 213 -
1
GW5 • 29% (66 days) May. 113 -
8
RW1 . 18% (41 days) Sept. 27 -
Nov. 7
5.0 CONCLUSIONS
Nucor Steel was issued a Department of the Army Permit, a DWQ 401 Certification, and a
DCM Permit to construct a railroad crossing and stormwater management ponds in
unnamed intermittent tributaries to the Chowan River and wetlands adjacent to Brooks
Creek in Hertford County, North Carolina. As a special condition of these permits, Nucor is
required to implement mitigation measures outlined in the "Revised Compensatory
Wetlands Mitigation Plan for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill" dated November 8, 1999
and the "Remedial Wetland Mitigation Plan" approved on February 15, 2005. This report
represents Monitoring Year 5 of the 5-year monitoring period required in the
aforementioned plans.
5.1 Vegetation Monitoring
Monitoring Year 5 tree counts revealed an average density of 692 trees per acre,
which is above the 320 tree per acre minimum requirements. No remediation
actions are recommended at this time. Qualitative observations of the planted
vegetation indicate that planted trees appeared to be healthy. Some volunteer
species such as sweet gum, loblolly, red maple, black willow, and cottonwood
have established themselves in the wetland area in scattered areas. The wetland
creation area has met the required vegetation success criteria.
5.2 Hydrology Monitoring
The monitoring wells in the created wetland show saturation and inundation for
greater than 12.5% of the growing season and represent a successful hydrologic
period. The monthly rainfall totals to date were mostly in the average range for the
majority of the growing season with the exception of September which had higher
than average rainfall. The wetland creation area has met the hydrology success
criteria.
Page 8 of 8
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APPENDIX A
Representative Photographs
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Photo 2: Overview of Transect 3. Facing NE.
Photo 1: Overview of Transect 1. Facing NE.
Photo 3: Transect 1, Plot 1. Facing NE.
Photo 4: Transect 1, Plot 2. Facing NE.
Photo 5: Transect 1, Plot 3. Facing NE.
Photo 6: Transect 2, Plot 4. Facing NE.
Photo 7: Transect 2, Plot 5. Facing NE.
Photo 8: Transect 3, Plot 6. Facing NE.
Photo 9: Transect 3, Plot 7. Facing NE.
APPENDIX B
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APPENDIX C
Littoral Shelves
Please reference the "Nucor Plate Steel 7-Acre Wetland Creation Annual Report for
2008" letter dated January 30, 2009 sent by the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) in
response to the submitted monitoring report. The DWQ states: "Quantitative monitoring
of herbaceous vegetation planted on the littoral shelves is not required. However, we
would appreciate the inclusion of brief visual observation and reporting on the presence
and general health of hydrophytic vegetation in those areas during the next monitoring
period." This appendix includes visual observations, species accounts, and photographs
of the littoral shelves on each pond. A site map showing the location of each pond has
been attached for review.
Pond A 1
Stormwater Pond Al is located adjacent to the Steel Slag Processing Plant. Species
observed around the pond include: purple false foxglove (Agalinis purpurea), annual
ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), broomsedge bluestem (Andropogon virginicus), aster
(Aster spp. ), bearded beggarticks (Bidens aristosa), straw-colored flatsedge (Cyperus
strigosus), small-fruit spikerush (Eleocharis microcarpa), dogfennel (Eupatorium
capillifolium), common sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale), St. Peterswort (Hypericum
stans), common rush (Juncus effusus), grassleaf rush (Juncus marginatus), lespedeza
(Lespedeza sp. ), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), Paspalum digitatum, loblolly pine (Pinus
taeda), black willow (Salix nigra), lizard's tail (Saururus cernuus), panicgrass (Setaria
sp.), and sowthistle (Sonchus sp.). In general, the littoral shelf is in good, healthy
condition. Representative photographs of Stormwater Pond Al are shown below.
Stormwater Pond A 1
Pond B 1
Stormwater Pond B1 is located adjacent to the Finished Project and bag house Area.
Species observed around the pond include: purple false foxglove, aster, straw-colored
flatsedge, small-fruit spikerush, dogfennel, American everlasting (Gnaphalium
purpureum), common sneezeweed, queendevil (Hieracium gronovii), common rush,
Paspalum digitatum, pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata), swamp smartweed (Polygonum
hydropiperoides), panicgrass, golden rod (Solidago sp.), sowthistle, and cattail (Typhus
latifolia). In general, the littoral shelf is in excellent, healthy condition. Representative
photographs of Stormwater Pond B 1 are shown below.
Stormwater Pond B 1

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Pond C;l
Stormwater Pond C1 is located adjacent to the Wetland Creation Area. Species observed
around the pond include: red maple (Acer rubrum), purple false foxglove, aster, small-
fruit spikerush, dogfennel, slinder fimbry (Fimbristylis autumnalis), common rush,
grassleaf rush, seedbox (Ludwigia leptocarpa), swamp smartweed, black cherry (Prunus
serotina), black willow, woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus), and golden rod. An algal bloom
has occurred in the pond. In general, the littoral shelf is in good, healthy condition.
Repres(
Stormwater Pond C 1
Pond A3
Stormwater Pond A3 is located adjacent to the Forestry Management Area. Species
observed around the pond include: purple false foxglove, annual ragweed, broomsedge
bluestem, aster, eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), straw-colored flatsedge, small-
fruit spikerush, dogfennel, slinder fimbry, American everlasting, common rush, grassleaf
rush, lespedeza, seedbox, Paspalum digitatum, loblolly pine, camphor pluchea (Pluchea
camphorata), swamp smartweed, cottonwood (Populus sp.), black willow, panicgrass,
and sowthistle. In general, the littoral shelf is in fair, healthy condition. Representative
photographs of Stormwater Pond A3 are shown below.
Stormwater Pond A3

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