NC0082821_Regional Office Historical File Pre 2018 (6)

N.C. DEFT. OF
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FEB 0 1 1994
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DIVISIOtl OF EI!'Jiki'J;'1„ :.:.,;....:; H,t�vEts1E1�
M00RESVILLE REG101"AL ORE
Corrective Action Plan
Ground Water Remediation
Southern States Fertilizer Facility
Volume 1 of 2
Text, References, Tables, Figures,
Appendices A through E
CanonleEnvironmental

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.2 Previous Site investigations
1.3 Permits
1.4 Hydrogeology
2.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE CAP
3.0 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
3.1 Nitrite
3.2 Exposure Pathways
3.2.1 Ground Water Usage
3.2.2 Surface Water Usage
3.2.3 Soil
3.3 Conclusions
4.0 EVALUATION OF REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES
4.1 No Action/Institutional Actions
4.2 Ground Water Containment
4.3 Ground Water Removal
4.4• Ground Water Discharge
4.4.1 Discharge to a POTW
PR\W:191-18,\CAP [Jan. 31, 1884J Canonier,nvironmeni l
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
4.4.2 Discharge to a Subsurface Disposal System
4.4.3 Discharge Through a Spray Irrigation System
4.4.4 Discharge to a Flowing Stream
4.4.5 Summary of Ground Water Discharge
4.5
Ground Water Treatment
4.6
Recommended Alternative
5.0 PROPOSED CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN
5.1
Description of System/Conceptual Design
5.2
Selection of Remedial Approach
5.3
System Layout
5.4
Operation and Maintenance
5.5
Sampling Plan and System Evaluation
6.0 PERMITS
6.1
NPDES Permit
6.2
NCDOT Right -of -Way Encroachment Permit
6.3
Norfolk Southern Railroad Encroachment Permit
PR WA91-191\CAP [Jan. 31, 19941
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CanonieEnvironmental

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
PAGE
7.0 REPORT CERTIFICATION BY NORTH CAROLINA PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEER AND/OR GEOLOGIST 35
REFERENCES
TABLES
FIGURES
APPENDICES
PR\W:\91-191\CAP [Jan. 31, 19041
Can®ft1eEnviro=ental

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NUMBER TITLE
1 Ground Water Sampling Results
2 Cost Estimate - Capital Costs and Annual Operations
and Maintenance Costs
3 Historical Analytical Data Summary, Nitrate
Concentration (mg/1) Third Creek Surface Water
Sampling
4 Historical Analytical Data Summary, Nitrate
Concentration (mg/1) Soil Sampling
MWA91-181%CAPIST [Jan. 28, 18841
CanonieEnvironmental

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE DRAWING
NUMBER NUMBER TITLE
1 91-161-A26 Site Location Map
2 91-161-E29 Well Location Plan
3 91-161-E25 Piping Layout
4 91-161-136 Proposed Ground Water Recovery Well
Location Plan
5 91-161-E32 Profile A -A' Proposed Recovery Wells
6 91-161-E27 Construction Details
7 91-161-E28 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
MWA91-1611CAPIST [Jan. 29, 19941
Canow-eEnvironmental

LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE
A Non -Discharge Permit
B NPDES Permit and Permit Application
C Lift Station and Pipeline Design Calculations
D Recovery Well Pump Design Calculations
E Recovery Well Construction Details
F Aquifer Test Data
G Permit Applications
PR\MM-16MARLST [Jan. 28.19941
CanoweEnvironmental

CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN
GROUND WATER REMEDIATION SYSTEM
SOUTHERN STATES FERTILIZER PLANT
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
1.0 INTRODUCTION
On December 12, 1989, the State of North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources (NCDEHNR) issued a Notice of Violation to Southern
States Cooperative, Inc. (Southern States) stating that excessive concentrations of
nitrate and/or nitrite (as nitrogen) were detected in ground water at the Southern
States Fertilizer Plant (NCDEHNR Groundwater Incident No. 5038). Canonie
Environmental Services Corp. (Canonie) submits this Corrective Action Plan (CAP) to
the NCDEHNR on behalf of the site owner, Southern States. Law Environmental, Inc.
(Law) has provided assistance in preparation of this CAP as a special consultant to the
site owner. It is being submitted for the Southern States Fertilizer Plant located in
Statesville, Iredell County, North Carolina. The purpose of this CAP is to describe
measures proposed to remediate ground water impacted with nitrates and nitrites at
the Statesville Facility in response to the Notice of Violation.
1.1 Background
The Southern States Fertilizer Plant is located on U.S. Highway 70 approximately six
miles east of Statesville, North Carolina (See Figure 1). The facility was reportedly
constructed in the 1950s. Southern States purchased the plant in February 1988.
Various farm and garden fertilizers are manufactured at the plant using raw materials
brought in by truck and rail. The materials are usually off-loaded directly onto
conveyor belts for transfer to storage areas within the plant. Finished products are
warehoused on -site pending shipment. Small warehouse areas at the north end of the
main plant and a small building just east of the main plant are also used to store pre-
mixed, bagged products on pallets. These products are sold directly to consumers
without modification by Southern States.
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The manufacturing facility air scrubber water system is currently self-contained;
process water is recirculated within the plant without exterior discharge. Air
scrubbers are used to reduce smokestack emissions. The scrubbers use a "wet"
system and the scrubber water is consumed in the granulation process.
Prior to changes in scrubber design approximately 12 years ago, process water was
discharged from time to time. Drainage was to two holding ponds formerly located
approximately 1,000 feet southwest of the plant. These ponds were closed in May
1992. Another pond located due east of the plant was closed approximately 20 years
ago, and another one, located 300 feet southeast of the plant, was closed 7 to
8 years ago. Modifications to plant processes have been implemented over the last
several years, so that waste products are appropriately contained within the
manufacturing facility.
1.2 Previous Site Investigations
In September 1989, Southern States retained Law Environmental (Law) to assist with
evaluation and remediation efforts at the Statesville Fertilizer Plant. On
December 12, 1989, NCDEHNR issued a Notice of Violation for the site. The notice
stated that excessive concentrations of nitrate and/or nitrite (expressed as nitrogen)
had been discovered in two NCDEHNR wells (K65W6 and K65W7) at the site (See
Figure 2 for well locations). Nitrate/nitrite concentrations, were greater than the
threshold values of 10 milligrams/liter (mg/1) nitrate/1 mg/I nitrite set forth in Title 15,
Subchapter 2L, Section .0202(g) of the North Carolina Administrative Code (15A
NCAC 2L). The notice required submission of specific technical and field data
documenting the ground water conditions within 60 days.
On January 19, 1990, representatives of Southern States and Law met with the
NCDEHNR. All parties agreed that six ground water monitoring wells would be
constructed at the site. Two of the monitoring wells would be extended to bedrock
(defined as auger refusal) and four would be shallow monitoring wells .intended to
address the lateral extent of contamination. This initial well installation work, referred
to as Phase I, was conducted during the period of January 30 through February 7,
PR%W:%91-1611CAP [Jon. 31, 1994] CanonleEnviro=ental

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1990 and reported by Law as a response to the Notice of Violation. Additional ground
water assessment was recommended.
On May 4, 1990, the NCDEHNR issued a letter to Southern States. The letter
indicated that the NCDEHNR Mooresville Regional Office had reviewed Law's Phase I
Ground Water Assessment Report for the Statesville Southern States Fertilizer Plant.
The letter stated that NCDEHNR was in agreement with Law concerning the need for
further assessment activities. NCDEHNR indicated that these activities should be
designed to more fully define the vertical and horizontal extent of nitrate/nitrite as
nitrogen constituents in ground water at the site. Specifically, NCDEHNR suggested
six points for consideration during a recommended Phase 11 assessment.
A June 15, 1990 submittal was prepared by Law to respond to the May 4, 1990
letter from NCDEHNR. The submittal also contained a proposed Phase II Ground
Water Assessment Work Plan designed to address the six points outlined by
NCDEHNR.
Phase II ground water assessment activities were completed and a Phase II Ground
Water Assessment Report was submitted to NCDEHNR on September 25, 1990.
Analytical results from Phase II analyses indicated that subsurface nitrate/nitrite as
nitrogen had migrated along a path following surface drainage features. In addition,
the holding ponds on -site appeared to have impacted the quality of ground water at
the site. At the time of the Phase II report submittal, neither the horizontal nor the
vertical extent of nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen constituents had been adequately defined.
After submission of the Phase II report, authorization to drill off -site to the east of the
plant was granted. An off -site monitoring well was installed, sampled, and the ground
water was analyzed for nitrates/nitrites as nitrogen. The results of the laboratory
analysis of the ground water indicated a nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen level significantly
below the NCDEHNR threshold value. Law's October 24, 1990, Addendum to the
Phase II Groundwater Assessment details this work.
PR\WA91-191\CAP [Jan. 31, 19941 CanonleEnviro=ental

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On December 12, 1990, NCDEHNR issued a letter to Southern States requesting an
additional (Phase III) site assessment. The letter requested that a deep monitoring
well be installed and that a well survey of surrounding property be conducted.
On April 16, 1991, Law issued a Phase III -A Assessment Report describing well
installation and sampling activities conducted at the site. The NCDEHNR responded
on May 14, 1991 with a letter stating that site assessment was approved.
Three pilot test wells (RW-1, RW-2, and RW-3) were installed from September 30
through October 4, 1991 by Law. Test wells were extended into bedrock. The
purpose of the test wells was to assess the extent of ground water impacts within
fractured rock and to test the fractured rock hydrogeologic unit for the feasibility of
recovering constituents. Test Well RW-2 contained the highest concentrations of
nitrates/nitrites, and as a consequence was selected as the pumping well for an
aquifer test. Packer tests and a step-drawdown test were performed on RW-2. Law
issued a Summary of Installation and Evaluation of a Pilot Well System Report (Law,
December 11, 1991) summarizing pilot test results.
Closure of the two former holding ponds located approximately 1,000 feet southwest
of the plant was completed in May 1992.
A list of reports submitted to the NCDEHNR Mooresville Regional Office by Law is
included in the references of this CAP.
1.3 Permits
,,On-l- ,-1.99-1-;'-the-NCOEH'Nl aassu:�d nc dNsch�a"rge Permi't`�Jo ° s 'lQO002 �5:56 to
Southern States. A copy of the Non -Discharge Permit is included in Appendix A. The
.permit_authorizetl spray_= rr gatson of.agproxi_rnat6I ;5_million-gall lons_of_.wate:r from;
'the. two -dorm- e'-rholding�ponds_at tiie site The permit was effective from the date of
issuance through May 31, 1992. Law issued the Conceptual Design Report for Land
Treatment of Pond Water and Sediments on September 25, 1990 for the purpose of
obtaining this non -discharge permit.
PRUA91-161\CAP [Jan. 31,19941 CanonieEnviro=ental

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Spray irrigation was conducted at the site on a once -a -week basis during the period
of July 11 through August 27, 1991. The water in both holding ponds was
successfully removed, and the ponds were closed by removing the former dams and
using soil from the dams to backfill low areas.
A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit was issued by the
NCDEHNR on December 1, 1993 (Permit No. NC0082821) for the anticipated
discharge of impacted ground water from the Southern States Site into Fourth Creek.
The effective date of the permit is January 1, 1994. A copy of the NPDES Permit and
application is included in Appendix B.
1.4 Hydrogeology
The project site is located in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, an area underlain
by ancient igneous and metamorphic rocks. The soils encountered in this area during
previous assessment activities are the residual product of in -place weathering of rock
which was similar to the rock presently underlying the site. In areas not altered by
erosion or disturbed by human activities, the typical residual soil profile consists of
silty and/or clayey soils near the surface, where soil weathering is more advanced,
underlain by sandy silts and silty sands. The boundary between soil and rock is not
sharply defined. This transitional "partially weathered rock" (PWR) zone, is normally
found overlying the parent bedrock. PWR is defined, for engineering purposes, as
residual material with standard penetration resistances in excess of 100 blows per
foot. Weathering is facilitated by fractures, joints and by the presence of less
resistant rock types. Consequently, the profile of the PWR and hard rock is quite
irregular and erratic, even over short horizontal distances.
In this geologic setting, the uppermost water table aquifer for ground water supply
includes two components: soil and crystalline rock. Ground water in soil occurs
under water table conditions. Water occupies the interstices between the grains of
the residuum or saprolite (weathered rock) and is in hydrostatic balance with the
atmosphere at the water surface (water table). Potentiometric contours for the water
table aquifer usually mirror the topographic contours. In the underlying crystalline
rocks, ground water occurs in fractures, joints and other openings in the rock. These
PRMA91-16MAP [Jan. 31,19941 CanoweEnviro=ental

1.1
openings intersect the top of bedrock and are recharged by ground water from the
storage in the overlying soil.
In this geologic setting it is expected that large-scale fracture trends would not
significantly control the direction of ground water movement on a local scale such as
at the subject site. However, associated small-scale fractures parallel to the large-
scale trends, if present, could result in a preferred direction of ground water
movement in the rock beneath the site.
Regional ground water flow is thought to be influenced by the general west to east
surface water flow of Third and Fourth Creeks and the south and southeast flow
directions of the unnamed creeks downgradient of the plant.
Ground water elevation data was collected at site monitoring wells on February 18,
1991, and a potentiometric contour map for the soil/PWR hydrogeologic unit was
prepared. Directions of ground water flow can be interpreted between wells by
comparing the ground water elevation at those locations, and considering factors such
as the topography, the lithology, the elevation of recharge and discharge areas, and
manmade influences. Law's measurements revealed that the ground water flow
direction is generally from northeast to southwest. Previous data confirm this ground
water flow direction and further suggest that a ground water high point or "ridge"
straddles the northeast corner of the site. Ground water northeast of the "ridge"
flows northeast toward Fourth Creek, while ground water southwest of the ridge
flows southwest and south toward Third Creek. Impacted ground water at the site
is located southwest of the ridge and flows toward Third Creek.
Ground water levels may fluctuate several feet with seasonal and rainfall variations.
Normally, the highest ground water levels occur in late winter and spring, and the
lowest levels occur in late summer and fall.
Hydraulic gradients were determined by dividing the difference in ground water
elevations at two locations by the horizontal distance between the two locations.
Because of the extensive relief at the site, horizontal hydraulic gradients were
determined between Monitoring Wells K65W6"A" and K65W7"A," and Monitoring
PH\W:\91-161\CAP IJ4n. 31, 19941 CanonleEnviro=ental

7
Wells K65W7"A" and K65W7"G" (See Figure 2 for well locations). These monitoring
wells are screened at approximately the same intervals, and they are oriented in the
direction of preferential ground water, flow. Horizontal hydraulic gradients were
calculated to be 0.032 feet per foot (ft/ft) and 0.031 ft/ft, respectively.
Vertical hydraulic gradients were determined at Monitoring Well Clusters K65W6 and
K65W7. At each location, the hydraulic gradient was determined between the
shallow and deep wells. Vertical hydraulic gradients ranged from 0.021 ft/ft
downward between Monitoring Wells K65W6"A" and K65W6"E" to 0.050 ft/ft
downward between Monitoring Wells K65W7"A" and K65W7"I." The 0.050 ft/ft
downward vertical hydraulic gradient is likely exaggerated due to the mounding effect
of the water table near former Ponds No. 1 and 2. The vertical hydraulic gradient
between Monitoring Wells K65W7"H" and K65W7"I" was approximately 0.027 ft/ft
downward.
In -flow permeability tests were performed in Monitoring Wells K65W6"B", K65W7"A"
and K65W7"B" on March 25, 1991 to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the soil
at the site. In -flow permeabilities were calculated from the field data (Law, 1991).
Hydraulic conductivities of the soil ranged from approximately 3 x 10-4 to 1 x 10-3
centimeters per second (cm/sec) based on in -flow permeability testing.
Ground water flow velocity (v) is a function of hydraulic conductivity (k), hydraulic
gradient (i) and the effective porosity (ne), as indicated in the equation: v = ki/ne.
The effective porosity of the soil encountered at the screened intervals is estimated
to be approximately 20 percent. Therefore, the lateral ground water flow velocity in
the soil at the site can be expected to range from approximately 50 to 150 feet per
year using an average horizontal gradient of 0.032 ft/ft. The rate of constituent
migration may be different (generally slower) than that of the ground water, but is
typically in the same general direction.
PR1WA91-16MAP Wen.31.19841 CanonleEnvironmental

2.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE CAP
The objective of this CAP is to describe the proposed ground water remediation
system for the Southern States Fertilizer Plant located in Statesville, North Carolina.
The primary objective of the remediation system is to protect the public health and the
environment by controlling the off -site migration of ground water impacted with
nitrates and nitrites at levels exceeding drinking water standards. Migration of
impacted ground water will be hydraulically controlled by pumping impacted water
from recovery wells.
Ground water recovery wells will be located within high concentration areas and at
the downgradient end of the plume of impacted ground water located on the Southern
States property. Placement of a recovery well at the downgradient end of the plume
will intercept impacted ground water and control off -site migration. Impacted ground
water will be pumped from impacted areas and discharged to Fourth Creek, located
north of the facility in accordance with conditions specified in the NPDES Permit.
Impacted ground water will be removed until levels of nitrates and nitrites in
monitoring wells at the facility meet the guidelines for drinking water quality according
to 15A NCAC 2L (North Carolina Administrative Code). Table 1 contains sample
results from initial monitoring at the site, as well as quarterly sampling begun in 1992
as requested by NCDEHNR. Ground water will be removed to achieve a level of
10 mg/I for nitrate as nitrogen and 1 mg/I for nitrite as nitrogen.
The design goal for pumping and discharging impacted ground water is a rate of
100 gallons per minute (gpm). Since RW-2 (Figure 3) is the only recovery well
currently installed, the actual pumping rate will be determined based on the yield
capacity of two additional proposed recovery wells, RW-4 and RW-5.
Discharge to Fourth Creek will be conducted in accordance with a National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit (Permit No. NC0082821). The
effective date of the permit is January 1, 1994. A copy of the NPDES Permit is
included in Appendix B. Encroachment permits and letters of authorization for
installation of discharge piping between the site and the point of discharge at Fourth
PR%W:181-161\CAP [Jan. 31, 18941 CanonleEnvirol ' ental

Creek have been secured from applicable parties. These parties include the State of
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), the Norfolk Southern
Corporation, and private or commercial property owners along the route of the
pipeline.
PR\WAO1-161\CAP [Jan. 31, 19941 CanonfeEnvironmental

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3.0 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
Nitrate is a normal component of the human diet. A typical daily intake by an adult
in the United States is about 75 mg/day (about 0.2 to 0.3 mg nitrate-nitrogen/kg/day)
(NAS, 1981). Of this, over 85 percent comes from the. natural nitrate content of
vegetables such as beets, celery, lettuce, and spinach. Daily intakes of nitrate by
vegetarians may exceed 250 mg/day (0.8 mg/nitrate-nitrogen/kg/day) (NAS, 1981).
The contribution from drinking water is usually quite small (about 2 to 3 percent of
the total) (NAS, 1981), but could reach 85 mg/day (0.29 mg nitrate-nitrogen/kg/day)
if water containing 10 mg nitrate-nitrogen/I was consumed. Thus, some adults
consuming high levels of vegetables along with water containing high levels of nitrate
(up to 10 mg nitrate-nitrogen/1) could receive total doses of nitrate approaching the
Reference Dose of 1.6 mg nitrate-nitrogen/kg/day.
Two health hazards are related to the consumption of water containing large
concentrations of nitrate (or nitrite): induction of methemoglobinemia, particularly in
infants, and possible formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. Nitrate in water at
concentrations less than a thousand milligrams per liter is not of serious concern as
a direct toxicant. It is a health hazard because of its conversion to nitrite. Acute
toxicity of nitrate occurs as a result of reduction to nitrite, a process that can occur
under specific conditions in the stomach, as well as in the saliva. Nitrate toxicity is
due primarily to its oxidation to nitrite, which oxidizes the Fe(+ 2) form of iron in
hemoglobin to the Fe(+3) state. This compound (Methemoglobin) does not bind
oxygen, resulting in overall reduced oxygen transport from lungs to tissues.
Consequently, anoxia and death may ensue.
Low levels of methemoglobin occur in normal individuals, with typical values usually
ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 percent (NAS, 1981). However, due to the large excess
capacity of blood to carry oxygen, levels of methemoglobin up to around 10 percent
are not associated with any significant clinical signs (Walton, 1951; ECETOC, 1988).
Concentrations above 10 percent may cause a bluish color to skin and lips (cyanosis),
while values above 25 percent lead to weakness, rapid pulse, and tachypnea (Jones,
et al., 1973). Death may occur if methemoglobin values exceed 50 to 60 percent.
PR\W:181-181\CAP IJen.31, 1894►
Can®nieEnvironmental

r �
Acute nitrate toxicity is almost always seen in infants rather than adults. This
increased susceptibility of infants has been attributed to high intake per unit weight,
to the high pH in the infant gastrointestinal system that favors the growth of nitrate -
reducing bacteria, to the condition of the mucosa, and to greater ease of oxidation of
fetal hemoglobin.
? No cases of methemoglobinemia have been proved conclusively to be caused by the
consumption of water containing less than 10 mg of nitrate-nitrogen/I, and there are
many examples where nitrate -nitrogen concentrations up to 20 mg/liter have not
produced any clinical effects in infants. Although the clinical manifestations of
infantile methemoglobinemia may not be apparent at these levels, undesirable
increases in methemoglobin in the blood do occur. Epidemiological evidence on the
occurrence of methemoglobinemia in infants tends to confirm a value near 10 mg/I
nitrate as nitrogen as a maximum concentration level for water with no observed
adverse health effects. For this reason, a guideline value of 10 mg of nitrate-
^ nitrogen/I is recommended.
Infants (especially age 0 to 3 months) are generally recognized as being the
subpopulation most susceptible to nitrate -induced methemoglobinemia. Risk is
especially high in infants who are exposed to water that is contaminated with
bacteria, since this tends to promote high concentrations of bacteria in the stomach
and intestines.
Nitrate is toxic when present in excessive amounts in drinking water, and in some
cases, there is a possibility that certain forms of cancer might be associated with very
high nitrate concentrations. Healthy adults are reported to be able to consume large
quantities of nitrate in drinking water with relatively little, if any, effects. Conversion
of nitrate to nitrite may also occur in the adult stomach if the pH of the gastric fluid
is sufficiently high (above pH 5) to permit bacterial growth. This is of concern in
adults with diseases such as achlorhydria or atrophic gastritis. It is also of concern
in infants.
Thus far, epidemiological studies have presented conflicting results on the relationship
between drinking water nitrate levels and the incidence of gastric cancer in human
PR\W:\91-161\CAP Wen. 31, 19941 CanonieEnviro=ental

12
adults. However, most studies conducted in Europe, China, and the United States
suggest no significant increase in the incidence of gastric cancer in relationship to
drinking water nitrate concentrations. Too many other factors, including diet and
population mobility, modify the actual quantity of nitrate consumed.
3.1 Nitrite
The widespread use of nitrates as fertilizers can lead to accumulation of this ion in
food, plants, and water supplies, presenting a hazard to infants in whom intestinal
bacteria cause reduction of nitrate to nitrite. While nitrite ion disappears rapidly from
- the circulation, little is known of its fate (Rath and Krantz, 1942). Only one-third of
a dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Nitrite is directly toxic by reaction with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin and cause
methemoglobinemia or "blue -baby syndrome" (cyanosis). It also reacts readily under
appropriate conditions with secondary amines and similar nitrogenous compounds to
form nitrogen-nitroso compounds, many of which are potential carcinogens.
Hence the ingestion of nitrite leads to a more rapid onset of clinical effects, and for
this ion, the guideline value is correspondingly lower than that for nitrate. Where
drinking water is correctly treated, the nitrite/nitrogen level should be considerably
lower than 1 mg/liter.
3.2 Exposure Pathways
A well survey was conducted by Law in January 1991 (Law, April, 1991). No
municipal drinking water wells are known to exist within a one -mile radius of the site.
Residential wells are discussed in the following section.
3.2.1 Ground Water Usage
Based on topography, regional ground water appears to flow toward the south and
southeast. An unnamed creek which borders the site to the west and south appears
to inhibit off -site migration of nitrate/nitrite, under static conditions. Possible off -site
PR\WA91-191\CAP [Jan. 31, 19941 CanonleEnvironmental

13
migration eastward has been addressed and defined by former Monitoring
Well K65W6"F" which indicated a nitrate level of 0.14 mg/I (as N). The nitrate/nitrite
concentrations in deep wells at K65W6"E" and K65W7"1" indicate that the vertical
extent of nitrate/nitrite can be substantially delineated. Several factors likely limit the
migration of nitrate/nitrite from the site.
Based on the well survey conducted by Law in January 1991, there appears to be few
potential downgradient receptors of ground water nitrate/nitrite. Specifically, only
three existing wells were located within 1,500 feet and topographically downgradient
(southwest) of the Southern States Facility property line. These three wells have been
sampled by the Iredell County Health Department. Several residential wells along
Highway 70 were also sampled. Concentrations were significantly below the
NCDEHNR nitrate/nitrite threshold values at these wells.
Information concerning well construction, water pumping rates, and depth below
ground surface of water withdrawal (screen interval) is not known for most of the
surrounding off -site wells. The closest known wells are, locate' d east and northeast
of the site on Highway 70. A group of approximately five homes is located a
minimum of 1,600 feet west of the site, along Highway 70. Investigation of the
United States Geological Survey (USGS) contour lines show the wells located along
Highway 70 to be topographically upgradient of the suspected sources of ground
water contamination. Furthermore, the two northernmost on -site wells (K65W4 and
K65W5) indicated nitrate/nitrite concentrations below the recommended health
guideline; 3.9 mg/I and 4.8 mg/I, respectively.
Based on the topographic map of the area and site ground water elevation
measurements obtained by the Department of Environmental Management in
September 1989, the City of Statesville Fourth Creek Treatment Plant (north of
Highway 70) appears to be isolated from Southern States by a ground water divide.
The McNess and Jefferson Smurfit industrial sites located just east of Southern States
obtain water from the Iredell Water Corporation. A City of Statesville water line runs
along Highway 70 and extends east of the Southern States Facility where it connects
to an Iredell Water Corporation water tower.
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The industrial sites along Moorehead Road are connected to the Iredell Water
Corporation line. This line also connects to Wayside Estates and Forest Acres. The
residential homes along Highway 70 are not connected to a municipal supply, but as
previously stated are thought to be topographically upgradient.
3.2.2 Surface Water Usage
An unnamed creek along the western boundary of the Southern States Facility is small
with an estimated width of approximately 4 feet and a depth of approximately 6
inches. The creek receives flow from north of Highway 70. It flows south to
southeast where it commingles with other small tributaries before entering Third
Creek. The yield of this unnamed creek is so small and the access so difficult that
surface water withdrawals from the creek are not likely. Section 15A NCAC 26.0309
of the North Carolina Administrative Code designates Third Creek as. Class C waters
(secondary recreation and agriculture uses requiring water of lower quality): Table 3
illustrates nitrate concentrations measured during previous field sampling activities.
3.2.3 Soil
Soil sampling results from previous investigations (Table 4) indicate very low
concentrations of nitrates, which may be representative of background soil
concentrations. The primary exposure route considered for this exposure assessment
is consumption of drinking water, soil is not considered a possible exposure pathway.
There are no published inhalation or direct contact values for nitrate.
3.3 Conclusions
Nitrate has been classed a Category III contaminant with methemoglobinemia in
infants identified as the most sensitive endpoint. A level of 10 mg of nitrate as
nitrogen will protect infants, and all other groups against the non-oncogenic effects
presented by nitrate in drinking water. In reaching this conclusion, the EPA examined
a large body of studies concerning chronic toxicity, developmental and reproductive
toxicity, and methemoglobinemia (among other endpoints). Both human and animal
experimental data were included in this analysis. The Maximum Contaminant Level
PR\WA91-16MAP Wan. 31, 19941 CanoftleEnvironmental

15
Goal (MCLG) is based upon a Drinking Water Exposure Limit (DWEL) for
nitrate/nitrogen of 10 mg/I with an uncertainty factor of 1.
Nitrite has been classed a Category III contaminant with methemoglobinemia in infants
identified as the most sensitive endpoint. The MCLG of 1.0 mg/I for nitrite as nitrogen
is based on a review of all available data that demonstrates that 1 mg/I is adequate
to protect infants and all other groups against the non-oncogenic effects of nitrite in
drinking water. The MCLG is based upon a DWEL for nitrite/nitrogen of 1 mg/I.
PR\W:\91-181\CAP Win. 31, 18941
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4.0 EVALUATION OF REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES
This section discusses alternatives considered for remediation of ground water at the
Southern States Facility. Remedial alternatives were evaluated in order to identify the
most appropriate approach that would meet the objectives of the CAP. The technical
and economic feasibility of a remedial option were considered during the evaluation
of alternatives. Potential remedial alternatives for this site include: no action,
institutional actions, ground water containment, ground water removal, ground water
discharge, and ground water treatment. These alternatives are discussed below.
Section 4.6 discusses the remedial alternative selected for the site.
4.1 No Action/Institutional Actions
The no -action alternative would leave the site in its present condition without any
remedial intervention. This alternative would not provide any additional protection to
human health and the environment from adverse effects of ground water impacted by
elevated levels of nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen. The impacted ground water plume would
continue to migrate along hydraulic gradients. Due -to the7occurrence of nitrate/nitrite --�
-as nitrogen_concentrafons greater than the-drinking_vvaterLstandard,-the no=action
alternative -is not considered ,protective- of_human -health and -the -environment.
alternative is-ther_efore�-not_considered,a_viab.le remedial optio_n-,:
Institutional actions would include activities directed at preventing exposure to
affected ground water by preventing/restricting access to impacted ground water
rather than containing, removing, or treating the ground water. Institutional actions
include access restrictions, provision of alternate water supplies, and ground water
monitoring. -Institutional actions, such as ground water monitoring, are seen as viable
components of other remedial alternatives rather than alternatives themselves.
Ground water sampling could be conducted to monitor changes in ground water
movement, contaminant concentrations, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the
selected remedial alternative. Other institutional actions such as provision of alternate
water supplies and restricted access are not considered in this CAP as the approach
to remediation is to reduce levels of nitrates and nitrites in the impacted plume as well
as control the plume.
PR\W-\81-161\CAP IJ&n.31.19941 CanonleEnvironmental

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4.2 Ground Water Containment
The ground water containment alternative includes options such as slurry wall
construction or sheet piling placement to isolate the impacted plume. The purpose of
ground water containment is to prevent the lateral migration of chemicals in the
ground water aquifer by creating a vertical barrier to flow.
Implementation of any of the containment alternatives would have significant
technical limitations due to the geology of the site. As detailed in the Law
Environmental Ground Water Assessment Reports, the geology underlying the site
consists of silty and/or clayey soils near the surface where soil weathering is more
advanced, underlain by sandy silts and silty sands. The boundary between soil and
rock is highly variable and not sharply defined. A transitional zone of partially
weathered rock is normally found overlying parent bedrock. Ground water flow
occurs in fractures, joints, and other openings in the bedrock. These openings
intersect the top of bedrock and are recharged by ground water from storage in the
overlying soil.
It is expected that large-scale fractures at the site contribute to ground water flow.
Also, associated small-scale fractures subparallel to the large-scale fractures could
control the preferred direction of ground water flow at the site. A slurry wall or sheet
piling constructed into this type of fractured bedrock would not create a barrier to
flow due to the fracture network. The fracture system as well as the bedrock/soil
interface are not defined well enough to adequately determine the depth and
placement of the vertical barrier. Fracturing present in the underlying bedrock would
potentially channel ground water beneath and circumvent the containment structure.
In addition, construction of a slurry wall or sheet pile wall in fractured bedrock would
be difficult due to the hardness of the rock.
;D_ue to this vanat ifity rn .the bedrock fracture._system and_'ihte�face; the ground -water
co.ntainm'ent;alternative ha`s significanftechnical,-as�:w`ell-as=economic limitafion"s,_and" _"
°therefote-is_ nof"�co:nsidered 4a_via�ble_r�medial6 �alterna"tive.-;
PRMA91-16MAP [Jan. 31,1994] CanonleEnvironmental

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4.3 Ground Water Removal
Ground water removal involves the extraction of impacted ground water to achieve
hydraulic control of an affected aquifer to prevent off -site migration. Ground water
removal can also achieve reductions in levels of nitrates and nitrites through recharge
of aquifers with un-impacted water. Removal technologies include ground water
recovery wells and collection trenches. The effectiveness of ground water removal
technologies are dependent on the hydraulic conditions of the site.
Ground water assessments and pilot well system tests have been conducted at the
Southern States Facility. As detailed in the Summary of Installation and Evaluation
of a Pilot Well System Report (Law, 1991), various types of pumping tests (Packer
tests, step drawdown tests, and aquifer tests) were conducted. Results of the tests
indicate that Well RW-2 intersects fractures in the bedrock and is capable of producing
a flow of 50 gpm or more. Hydraulic conductivities measured at various depths of the
well range from 10-3 ft/min in the highly permeable upper zone (40 feet to 95 feet),
10-5 ft/min in a less permeable zone (95 feet to 109 feet), to 10-4 ft/min in a
moderately permeable zone (109 feet to 166 feet). Well RW-2 is located at the
downgradient end of the impacted plume identified on the Southern States Property.
The availability of aquifers sufficient to produce significant flow rates, such as seen
at RW-2, makes ground water removal using ground water pumping wells a viable and
effective remedial option for the site. Location of a recovery well at the downgradient
end of the impacted plume would function to control migration of the plume, as well.
Strategic location of additional recovery wells will enhance this effect.
Ground water collection trenches have technical and economic limitations as
compared to recovery wells. The collection trenches would need to be very deep to
achieve the flow rates required for this remedial alternative. The costs associated
with installing a series of deep collection trenches would make this alternative
prohibitively expensive.
PR\WA91-191\CAP IJ�n. 31, 19941 CanonleEnviro=ental

ii9l
Discharge of ground water that could be removed by means of recovery wells is
discussed below.
4.4 Ground Water Discharge
Ground water discharge options were considered in accordance with the NCDEHNR
Guidance for Evaluation of Wastewater Disposal Alternatives. Four discharge disposal
alternatives were considered, as summarized below.
A. Discharge to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW).
B. Discharge to a Subsurface Disposal System.
C. Discharge through a Spray Irrigation System.
D. Discharge to a Flowing Stream.
4.4.1 Discharge to a POTW
The Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant is located approximately one
mile northeast of the site (see Figure 1). This local POTW accepts municipal sewage
from the city of Statesville. The Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant
agreed to consider acceptance of ground water discharge from the Southern States
Facility. However, the treatment plant set forth the following requirements to be met
prior to final acceptance:
• An extra -territorial agreement to discharge must be executed;
• A permit to discharge would be issued and include the city's option to
discontinue acceptance upon due notice to the discharger;
• The discharger would be billed at current (1992) outside sewer rates of
$14.32 for the first 300 cubic feet and $4.70 per 100 cubic foot thereafter;
• The discharger would have to bear all costs associated with tie-ins (taps,
meters, etc.).
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20
Conversations with the POTW indicated that they do not possess any denitrification
equipment at the treatment plant and would not attempt to reduce nitrate or nitrite
concentrations from the Southern States discharge prior to eventual discharge into
Fourth Creek. Also, pretreatment may be required to reduce the concentration of
suspended solids from the discharge.
The cost -of discharging the. impacted. ground water to the-POTW _would bay' high.
The cost .associated-:with-tine'sewer_ rates loki =would _be__$0._62/100-gallon or
5331k,r28/year assurnmg a flow rate of_1.00 gpm. Additional costs for tie-in, meters,
and pretreatment for suspended solids would also need to be considered.
Discharge to the Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant would be costly
and would not significantly enhance the environmental quality of the water. This
discharge system is not necessarily reliable, as the city maintains the option to
discontinue acceptance of the water at any time upon due notice to the discharger.
Accordingly, this option of discharge was dropped from further consideration.
4.4.2 Discharge to a Subsurface Disposal System
The former holding ponds at the site appear to have been the source of nitrate/nitrate
impact on ground water. The holding ponds have now been closed. The purpose of
remediation at this site is to extract ground water and thereby.remove impacted water
from the site, reducing nitrates/nitrites (as nitrogen) to concentrations acceptable to
the NCDEHNR.
To accomplish this goal, it will be necessary to remove ground water from the site.
Reinjection of the water on -site would be counterproductive to this goal. Moreover,
the water could not be reinjected on -site because on -site soils are fine grained and
therefore low in permeability. Soil profiles in the area consist of silty and/or clayey
soils near the surface. There is insufficient open land available (either on -site or on
surrounding properties) to accommodate the anticipated 100 gpm flow rate.
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Discharge to a subsurface disposal system, or an infiltration gallery, has been
determined to be technically and environmentally infeasible. This option was therefore
dropped from further consideration.
4.4.3 Discharge Through a Spray Irrigation System
On June 13, 1991, the NCDEHNR issued non -discharge Permit No. WQ0004556 to
Southern States. The permit authorized spray irrigation of approximately 2.5 million
gallons of water from two former holding ponds at the site. The permit was effective
from the date of issuance through May 31, 1992.
Spray irrigation was conducted at the site on a once -a -week basis during the period
of July 11 through August 27, 1991. An area covering approximately 10 acres
received the discharge, and grasses in the area were periodically harvested during the
spray cycles to remove nitrogen from the site. The spray operation was limited to
four hours per week to avoid runoff and/or erosion. The maximum allowable spray
volume was 255,000 gallons per week, and the maximum allowable nitrogen loading
rate was 250 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year.
Concentrations of approximately 140 mg/I nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen). are anticipated
in the ground water discharge. Given the permit restrictions (runoff, nitrogen loading)
outlined above, it has been determined that the previously permitted 10-acre spray
irrigation system could accommodate flow of approximately five gpm. Approximately
200 to 300 acres of usable open land would be required to allow continuous spray
irrigation. This land area is not available either on -site or on surrounding properties.
Discharge through a spray irrigation system was determined to be technically
infeasible, and this option was therefore dropped from further consideration.
4.4. 4 Discharge to a Flo wing Stream
Discharge alternatives mentioned above were found to be either economically or
technically infeasible. Discharge of ground water to a flowing stream was then
evaluated.
PR\W:\91.161\CAP [Jan. 31, 19941 CanoniieEnviro=ental

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Fourth. Creek flows west to east about 1.5 miles north of the Southern States Site.
The stream is classified Class C - aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing,
wildlife, and secondary recreation. Based on 7Q10 flows calculated by the USGS
(included in an attachment to the NPDES permit application contained in Appendix B),
Fourth Creek meets the requirements for classification as a flowing stream. The
minimum 7Q10 flow for Fourth Creek (7.3 cfs or 3,300 gpm) is sufficient to dilute the
nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations to levels commensurate with Class C
standards. Calculations based on the USGS flow rate (3,300 gpm) and the
nitrate/nitrite concentrations previously identified in Fourth Creek (2.7 ppm)
demonstrate that Fourth Creek can accommodate the proposed effluent without
exceeding the Class-C:a:urfac ater standard of=17 mg/I for nitrates :and ,nitrite.s -
cocnbined110 mg/I for nitrate and 1 mg/l for nitrite).
Discharge to Fourth Creek is therefore seen as a viable and effective remedial
approach to discharge of ground water removed from the impacted plume as
described in the ground water removal option discussed above. Discharge to Fourth
Creek would be economically feasible as well, essentially~having th_e_same
__ _
environmental effect, as`discharge_to.the_POT N withdutaii"ditional fee, charges:
A proposed point of discharge is shown on Figure 3. This discharge point was chosen
because it is at the most easily accessible point on Fourth Creek relative to the
Southern States Plant.
4.4.5 Summary of Ground Water Discharge
Discharge to a flowing stream using an NPDES permit is the most environmentally
sound and cost-effective alternative for this project. The other discharge options
discussed above have been found to have significant economic, technical, or
environmental limitations.
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4.5 Ground Water Treatment
Ground water treatment options include technologies used to remove/reduce nitrates
and nitrites (denitrification) from impacted ground water prior to discharge. Canonie
conducted an evaluation of technologies for the denitrification of ground water
(Canonie, 1992). These technologies included: ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and
biological treatment. Based on a review of the treatment technologies, cb� iolo",-_aIj'
�denrtrifieation, '&� proven and_ efi#ect vi e=treafinent method :is p efer�.ed :over the.:other j
technologies:
As stated in Section 4.4 above, ground water treatment is not necessary if ground
water is discharged to Fourth Creek. Calculations based on a flow rate calculated by
the USGS (3,300 gpm) and the nitrate/nitrite concentrations previously identified in
Fourth Creek (2.7 ppm) demonstrate that Fourth Creek can accommodate the
proposed effluent without exceeding the Class C surface water standards of 10 mg/I
and 1 mg/I for nitrate and nitrite, respectively.
4.6 Recommended Alternative
The recommended remedial alternative for this site includes three components
discussed above: institutional controls (ground water monitoring), hydraulic control
through ground water removal, and ground water discharge to a flowing stream
(Fourth Creek). This alternative presents an effective and economical approach to
remediation of ground water at the, Southern States Facility. Ground water monitoring
will be implemented to assess the effectiveness of the remediation system. Ground
water will be removed to both hydraulically control the movement of the impacted
plume and to reduce levels of nitrates and nitrites in the plume. Discharge to Fourth
Creek offers an economically and environmentally feasible approach to disposal of
removed ground water. An estimate of the cost for implementation of the proposed
remediation system is included in Table 2.
PH\W:\91-181\CAP [Jan. 31, 19941 CanonieEnvironmental

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5.0 PROPOSED CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN
A more detailed discussion of the proposed remediation system is provided below.
5.1 Description of System/Conceptual Design
The proposed ground water remediation system for the CAP will reduce levels of
nitrates and nitrites in the impacted aquifer to meet State of North Carolina drinking
water guidelines. Nitrate levels as nitrogen in ground water will be reduced to
10 mg/I. Nitrite levels as nitrogen in ground water will be reduced to 1 mg/I. These
reductions will be achieved by pumping ground water from the impacted aquifer and
discharging this water directly into Fourth Creek, located north of the facility, as
shown on Figure 3.
Removal of ground water from the impacted aquifer will result in recharge of the
aquifer with un-impacted water. Discharge of ground water to Fourth Creek will result
in nitrate and nitrite levels within the creek below the regulatory limits. Recovery
wells will be strategically located within high concentration areas and at the
downgradient end of the plume of impacted ground water. Placement of one well at
the downgradient end of the plume will function to intercept impacted ground water
and control off -site migration.
Three production wells will be installed for pumping and discharging impacted water.
Wells RW-2, RW-4 and RW-5 are shown on Figure 3. Well RW-2 is an existing pilot
test well that will be utilized as one of these recovery wells. Wells RW-4 and RW-5
will be installed as a `part of this CAP. Recovery wells have been located to maximize
removal of ground water in high concentration areas as well as to minimize further
migration of the impacted ground water plume. Well RW-2 is located at the farthest
downgradient location of the plume on the Southern States Property. It will function
to both remove impacted ground water and to intercept ground water migrating
off -site. Wells RW-4 and RW-5 are located northeast of RW-2, along the center of the
high concentration area (See Figure 4). RW-4 and RW-5 will remove impacted water
from these areas of higher concentration.
PR\WA91-16MAP [Jan. 31, 19941 Cano11ieEnvironmental

25
Pilot tests were conducted on three test wells at the site, including well RW-2. Pilot
tests have indicated that ground water can be pumped at a rate of approximately 50
gpm at RW-2. Ground water pumping rates at proposed well locations, RW-4 and
RW-5, have not yet been determined. As a consequence, the pumping capacity of the
remediation system will not be known until construction of the system. It is the goal
.
of the ground water remediation system to pump and discharge ground water at a rate
to achieve the objectives of this CAP. The estimated flow is 100 gpm with 50 gpm
provided by RW-2 and the remaining 50 gpm provided by RW-4 and RW-5.
Individual wells will discharge into a common pipeline. This pipeline will eventually
discharge into Fourth Creek. A lift station will be provided to assist in the transport
of piped water over the distances and gradients between the facility and Fourth Creek.
5.2 Selection of Remedial Approach
As stated above, the proposed ground water remediation system for the Southern
States Fertilizer Plant presents an effective and economical approach to the control
of migration of ground water impacted with nitrates and nitrites. Selection of the
remedial approach was based on its technical feasibility. Data provided by the
previous site investigations were used in the assessment of the remedial approach.
Based on the pilot test of RW-2, the radius of influence of this. well was approximately
900 feet to the north and 350 feet to the east and west. This radius of influence will
act as a barrier to plume migration off -site to the south. A diagram of the radius of
influence is included on Figure 4 and in the Summary of Installation and Evaluation of
a Pilot Well System Report (Law, 1991). Aquifer test data from that report is included
in Appendix F. Pumping tests on RW-2 indicate that it is capable of producing a
sustainable flow rate of 50 gpm.
The bulk of the ground water flow (approximately 70 percent) in the fractured rock
at RW-2 will probably occur from the upper rock zone of the fractured rock unit (40
to 62 feet) due to the presence of a substantial fracture at the 50-foot depth.
Approximately 90 percent of the ground water flow from RW-2 during the aquifer test
PRUA91-16MAP [Jan. 31,19941 CanonleEnvironmental

26
emanated from above the 95-foot depth. Pumping from this interval will extract
ground water which showed higher levels of nitrates/nitrites during Packer tests.
Screen intervals for RW-4 and RW-5 were selected based on hydrogeological data and
4
water quality results. Lithologic cross sections in relation to water quality were
reviewed for selection of screen depth intervals. Impacted ground water appears to
be higher in the soil/PWR interface in the area of RW-5. From this point, ground
water impacts appear to migrate downward and downgradient toward the
PWR/bedrock interface in RW-4 and RW-2. Higher nitrate/nitrite concentrations seen
in initial and quarterly ground water sample results (summarized in Table 1) in
Monitoring Wells K65W6"A", K65W7"H", and K65W7"F" indicate this trend.
Screens will be placed to extract ground water in these high nitrate/nitrite level
intervals. Placement of screens for recovery wells will act to hydraulically control
movement of impacted ground water as well as extract higher concentration ground
water. Vertical cross sections of the proposed recovery wells are included on
Figure 5.
Engineering analyses were performed in the selection of a lift station to provide the
necessary pressure to pump ground water over the distances and gradients to the
discharge point at Fourth Creek. Engineering calculations and details on the lift station
and discharge piping are included in Appendix C.
5.3 System Layout
The locations of recovery wells for the ground water remediation system are shown
on the base map on Figure 3. Ground water from Recovery Wells RW-2, RW-4 and
RW-5 will pump into a 4-inch Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR) 11 high -density
polyethylene (HDPE) pipeline which will discharge into a lift station. The lift station
will provide the necessary pressure to pump ground water over the remaining distance
to the discharge point at Fourth Creek. Discharge piping will follow the route as
shown on Figure 3.
Recovery Well RW-2 is an existing well that was utilized for a pilot test (Law,
December 11, 1991). This well will be used as one of the recovery wells for the
MWA81-181\CAP IJ&n. 31, 1884] Canofti-eEnvironmental

27
ground water remediation system. RW-2 is located downgradient in the nitrate/nitrite
plume as shown on Figure 4. A 4-inch, 5 horsepower (hp) submersible well pump will
be installed in the existing 6-inch well. Engineering calculations used for selection of
well pumps are included in Appendix D. The well pump will be installed at a depth of
55 feet below ground surface. Prior to installation of the well, a 5-inch steel casing
will be installed with a stainless steel screen set from 35 to 55 feet in depth.
Screening of the well will prevent particulate matter from entering the well pump.
'i
Intervals above and below the proposed well pump depth contained elevated
concentrations of nitrates/nitrites. The well pump will be located in the bedrock
interval approximately 20 feet below the PWR. Pumping from this interval will create
a downward hydraulic gradient through the PWR unit and a lateral and upward
hydraulic gradient through fractured rock. Location of the well at this depth will also
take advantage of the significant water -bearing fracture in the bedrock at the 50-foot
depth identified by Law during the pilot test. Ground water will be pumped from the
open bedrock through the well screen.
Prior to installation of the pump, Well RW-2 will be sealed off below the 110-foot
depth either by the installation of a packer or grouting from the bottom of the well up
to this depth. Grouting of this interval will isolate lower permeability and lower
concentration intervals. A well construction detail for Recovery Well RW-2 is included
in Appendix E. The design flow rate for Recovery Well RW-2 is approximately
50 gpm.
Recovery Well RW-4 will be constructed as a part of this CAP. Recovery Well RW-4
will be drilled using air rotary drilling techniques. A 6-inch-diameter steel casing will
be installed in this well. The well pump will be a 4-inch, 2 hp submersible pump. A
75-foot well screen will be placed to intersect soil, PWR, and bedrock. The
appropriateness of the proposed screen slot size will be verified in the field during
drilling. The top 10 feet of the screen will be installed in the soil horizon. The bottom
10 feet of the screen will be installed in bedrock, with the remaining screen portion
in the PWR. Pumping from this interval will draw ground water from both the soil
interval and the PWR/bedrock interface where elevated levels of nitrates/nitrites were
detected. Pumping from the PWR/bedrock interface will create lateral and upward
PMA91-16MAP [Jan. 31,19941 . Can®nleEnvironmental

1 28
' hydraulic gradients resulting in the recovery of nitrate/nitrite-impacted ground water
from the PWR and the underlying bedrock units. Pumping from the soil interval will
draw impacted water detected in the water table formation.
Based upon information from Well K65W7"H" located near proposed Recovery
Well RW-4, the depth of the PWR/bedrock interface is approximately 100 feet. The
actual location of the PWR/bedrock interval may differ, however, as this interval is
highly variable throughout the site. As a consequence, the final construction of the
well will be determined by field conditions. The goal for recovery of ground water at
this well is 25 gpm. The actual flow rate of this well is contingent upon the hydraulic
conductivity of the formations in this screen interval, which are unknown. The
proposed well construction detail for Recovery Well RW-4 is included in Appendix E.
Recovery Well RW-5 will be constructed as a part of this CAP, as well. Recovery
Well RW-5 will be cased with a 6-inch-diameter steel casing. A 4-inch, 2 hp
submersible well pump will be installed in this well. A 20-foot stainless -steel well
screen will be installed at an approximate depth of 50 to 70 feet. This depth interval
is based upon the depth to PWR of approximately 60 feet identified in
Well K65W6"A", which is in the vicinity of RW-5. Screen installation at this interval
is for the purpose of extracting ground water from both the soil and PWR formations.
Elevated concentrations of nitrates/nitrites were seen at this interface in K65W6"A."
The actual location of the soil/PWR interface may differ, however. The goal for
recovery of ground water at this well is 25 gpm. The actual flow rate will be
determined following construction of the well. The proposed well construction detail
for RW-5 is included in Appendix E.
A lift pump station will be located as shown on Figure 3. Ground water from RW-2,
RW-4, and RW-5 will discharge into this station. This station is designed for a 100
gpm flow rate. The lift station will be a duplex pump type. Appendix C contains
engineering calculations and construction details for this station. From the station,
ground water will be pumped the remaining distance to the discharge point at Fourth
Creek. The lift station will have two submersible pumps each sized for 59 feet of
total dynamic head. The station will have a 15=minute holding capacity. A control
panel will be mounted above the ground surface at this station.
MWA91-16MAP [Jan. 31, 10941 CanonleEnvironmental

29
A control panel for the recovery wells, including hand -off -auto switches and motor
starters, will be mounted adjacent to the lift station. The lift station control panel will
' be electrically interlocked with the recovery well control panel so that in the event of
lift station failure or excessive water levels in the station tank, the well pumps will be
shut off. The lift station will be provided with a visual and audible alarm. The lift
station will be provided as a package unit for ease of operation and maintenance. A
security fence and gate will be provided around the lift station and control panels.
Discharge piping from the lift station will be 6-inch-diameter SDR 11 HDPE. Discharge
piping will be installed a minimum of 3 feet below ground surface to insure protection
from frost. A construction detail of the discharge piping trench is included on
Figure 6. Clean -outs will be provided for every 1,000 feet of discharge piping for
maintenance purposes.
Discharge piping will cross a Norfolk Southern Railway Company main line and spur
between the facility and the discharge point at Fourth Creek. Discharge piping will
encroach in the right-of-way of U.S. Highway 70 and cross U.S. Highway 70 and
State Road 2312. "Jack and Bore" installation techniques will be used to route the
pipe under Hwy 70 and the Norfolk Southern Railroad. An 8-inch steel casing was
originally proposed to contain 4-inch discharge piping for these crossings. A 10-inch
steel casing will be necessary to contain the larger 6-inch HDPE piping proposed in
this CAP. Appendix G includes the encroachment permits including the construction
profile for these crossings. "Cut and Cover" trenching techniques will be used
elsewhere along this line according to NCDOT's Right -of -Way Encroachment Checklist
Guidelines.
Ground water will be discharged into Fourth Creek at the point shown on Figure 3.
It is anticipated that the initial level of nitrates/nitrites in the discharge stream will be
approximately 140 mg/I. Levels of nitrates/nitrites in Fourth Creek (during 7Q10 low
flow conditions) will rise from the existing level of 2.7 mg/I to a level of approximately
6.7 mg/I based on a weighted average of 3,300 gpm of minimum creek flow and 100
gpm of discharge flow. This level is below 11 mg/I, the combined regulatory levels
for nitrates and nitrites for Class C surface waters. Erosion control will be provided
to dissipate energy from the discharged water and transition water into the creek. A
PR%W:181-161\CAP [Jan. 31, 19941 Canons-eEnvironmental

30
detail showing the outlet piping and erosion control measures at the discharge point
is included on Figure 6. A process and instrumentation diagram for the ground water
extraction and discharge system is shown on Figure 7.
5.4 Operation and Maintenance
Pumping and discharge of impacted water to Fourth Creek offers an effective
approach to remediation with minimal operation and maintenance. Limitations to this
system are minimal. The system is designed to operate 24 hours a day, year-round.
The proposed system will operate automatically. A full-time operator will not be
required. Evaluation and maintenance of the system can be incorporated into the
routine operation and maintenance activities of personnel at the Southern States
Facility. Training of appropriate personnel can occur during system start-up. Well
pumps will shut off in the event of high water levels in the lift station. A system
failure will be indicated by a visual and audible alarm. The well pump control panel
located at the lift station will indicate whether well pumps are operational.
5.5 Sampling Plan and System Evaluation
Ground water sampling will be -conducted semi-annually to evaluate the ground water
remediation system at the Southern States Plant. Semi-annual ground water sampling
at the site was approved by NCDEHNR in its October 13, 1993 letter to Southern
States. Sampling will be conducted in the same manner as the ground water sampling
done previously at the plant. Monitoring wells K65W6"A"-"C", K65W7"A,"
K65W7"F", and K65W7"H" will be sampled two times each year.
Prior to sampling, each well will be developed to bring fresh formation water into the
well. A volume of water equal to at least three well volumes (or to dryness) will be
removed from each well prior to sampling. Laboratory -cleaned stainless steel or
disposable bailers and new polypropylene rope will be used to collect each sample.
Ground water elevations will be taken from each well prior to sampling. Temperature,
pH, and specific conductance will be measured during well development. Purge water
generated during the sampling events will be discharged directly to the ground surface
on -site.
PR\W:\91-181\CAP [Jan. 31,19941 CanonleEnvironmental

31
Ground water samples will be placed in appropriate containers and shipped on ice
overnight to an approved laboratory. Each sample will be analyzed for nitrite and
nitrate using EPA Method 353.2.
The ground water elevation measurements will be used to generate a ground water
contour map semiannually to detect any changes in ground water movement. The
nitrite and nitrate analytical results will be used to determine the plume geometry or
the areal/vertical extent of contamination. The nitrite and nitrate results will also be
used to evaluate the effectiveness of the ground water pumping system with regard
to contaminant removal efficiencies and achievement of target cleanup
concentrations.
The ground water pumping system effluent will be sampled in accordance with the
NPDES Permit to evaluate the effectiveness of the system and confirm that the
NPDES discharge criteria are not violated. The NPDES Permit is discussed further in
Section 6.0 and is included as Appendix B.
PR\W:191-1811CAP [Jan. 31. , 994, CanonleEnvironmental

32
6.0 PERMITS
The following permits have been obtained for the Southern States ground water
remediation project:
• NPDES Permit for ground water discharge to Fourth Creek;
• NCDOT Right -of -Way Encroachment Permit;
• Norfolk Southern Railroad Encroachment Permit.
Also, written permission was obtained from eight property owners whose property will
be used for placement of the discharge pipeline. The letters of authorization from the
property owners are included with the NPDES permit application.
Details on the permits are presented below.
6.1 NPDES Permit
An NPDES Permit to discharge ground water, impacted with nitrates and nitrites into
Fourth Creek has been obtained for the Southern States Fertilizer Plant. The permit
application was submitted on September 10, 1992. The permit was granted and
made final on December 1, 1993. A copy of the permit has been included as
Appendix B. The permit is effective from January 1, 1994 to October 31, 1998.
Effluent limitations are specified for ammonia (during April 1 to October 31 only) pH
and total suspended solids. The permit also requires that the effluent (diluted to
3 percent) pass the North Carolina Ceriodaphnia Chronic Effluent Bioassay Procedure.
Effluent monitoring requirements are specified as follows:
PR1WA01-16MAP Wen. 31,19941 CanonleEnvironmental

33
Monitoring Requirements
Effluent Characteristic
Measurement
Frequency
Sample Type
Sample Location
Flow
Continuous
Recorded
Effluent
NH3 as N
2/Month
Grab
Effluent
Total Suspended Residue
2/Month
Grab
Effluent
Copper
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Chlorides
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
NO3 - N
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Chronic Toxicity
(Ceriodaphnia)
Quarterly
Grab
Effluent
Total Nitrogen (NO2, NOZ,
and TKN)
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Total Phosphorous
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
pH
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
6.2 NCDOT Right -of -Way Encroachment Permit
A request for a Right -of -Way Encroachment Permit was submitted to the NCDOT on
July 21, 1992. The NCDOT granted the permit on August 2.6, 1992. A copy of the
permit is included as part of the NPDES permit application.
The pipeline route will follow NCDOT right-of-way for approximately 6,100 feet as
shown in Appendix G. The pipe will be installed on the south side of Highway 70 and
will extend approximately 2,000 feet eastward from the Southern States Plant. The
pipeline will then be routed northward under both Highway 70 and the Norfolk
Southern Railroad. After crossing Highway 70, the line will run adjacent to the east
side of SR 2313 for approximately 1,200 feet, cross SR 2312, and run approximately
2,900 feet northeastward. Finally, the line will be routed northward across private
property to a discharge point at Fourth Creek. In areas where the pipeline parallels the
roadway, it will be installed on NCDOT and/or Norfolk Southern rights -of -way.
PRUA91-1611CAP [Jan. 31, 1994] CanonleEnviro=ental

34
The pipeline will consist of a 6-inch-diameter HDPE pipe installed in a narrow trench.
The trench will be installed using a backhoe or a mechanized trencher. The pipeline
will be placed 10 to 15 feet from the edge of the pavement along Highway 70 and
5 to 10 feet from the edge of the unpaved SR 2313.
6.3 Norfolk Southern Railroad Encroachment Permit
A request for an Encroachment Permit was submitted to the Norfolk Southern Railroad
on May 5, 1992. An addendum to that request was submitted on July 21, 1992.
Norfolk Southern Railroad granted the permit on August 12, 1992. A copy of the
permit is included in Appendix G.
The pipeline route is as detailed in Section 6.2 above. Pipeline installation of the
Norfolk Southern Railroad right-of-way will conform to the American Railway
Engineering Association Specifications, Part 5.2, for pipelines conveying
nonflammable substances. When the pipeline is installed underneath the railroad
tracks, the "Jack and Bore" method of installation will be used with steel sheeting box
and dry auger.
MWA91-181TAP [Jan. 31, 18841 Can®nleEnviro=ental

35
7.0 REPORT CERTIFICATION BY NORTH CAROLINA PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEER AND/OR GEOLOGIST
I, Scott R. Smith, a certified engineer in the State of North Carolina (No. 18404), do
hereby certify this CAP.
Signed
MWA91-1811CAP IJ&n. 28,19941 Can®nleEnviro=ental

IVV
I

REFERENCES
Baselt, Randall, C., , 1982, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man,
Biomedical Publications, Davis, California, Second Edition.
Environ, 1988, "Elements of Toxicology and Chemical Risk Assessment," July.
IRIS Database for Nitrite and Nitrate.
Kleinjans, J.C., H.J. Albering, A. Marx, J.M. Van Maanen, B. VanAgen, F. tenHoor,
G.M. Swaen, and P.L. Mertens, 1991, "Nitrate Contamination of Drinking Water:
Evaluation of Genotoxic Risk in Human Populations," Environmental Health
Perspectives, Volume 94:189-93, August.
Law Environmental, 1991, "Amendment No. 2 Non -Discharge Permit Application,"
April.
Law Environmental, 1991 a, "Report of Phase III -A Ground -Water Assessment for
Southern States Fertilizer Plant, Statesville, North Carolina," April.
Law Environmental, 1991 b, "Remedial Action Work Plan, Southern States Fertilizer
Plant, Statesville, North Carolina, September.
Law Environmental, 1991 c, "Summary of Installation and Evaluation of a Pilot Well
System, Southern States Fertilizer Plant, Statesville, North Carolina," December.
Law Environmental, 1990, "Phase I Ground -Water Assessment Report for Southern
States Cooperative, Inc., Statesville, North Carolina," March.
Law Environmental, 1990a, "Phase II Ground -Water Assessment Report for Southern
States Fertilizer Plant, Statesville, North Carolina," August. '
Law Environmental, 1990b, "Conceptual Design Report for Land Treatment of Pond
Water. and Sediments," September.
Law Environmental, 1990c, "Non -Discharge Permit Application," December.
Sittig, Marshall, Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 1985,
Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey, Second Edition.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990, "Risk Assessment, Management and
Communication of Drinking Water Contamination," EPA No. 625/4-89/024.
World Health Organization, 1984, Guidelines for Drinking -Water Quality, Volume I
Recommendations, Geneva.
PR%WA91-191%CAP.1EF [Jan. 26, 19941
CanoweEnvironmental

TABLE 1
GROUND WATER SAMPLING RESULTS
SOUTHERN STATES FERTILIZER PLANT
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
Well
Number
Sampling
Date
Temp
°C
Specific
Conducance
m.mhos/cm
pH
Concentrations in mg/I
NO3 NO2
K65W6 "A"
2/13/90
18.6
6.430
5.27
370
ND
K65W6 "B"
2/13/90
15.7
0.330
4.31
22
ND
K65W6 "C"
2/13/90
15.2
0.841
5.41
76
ND
K65W7 "A"
2/13/90
16.0
1.320
5.81
52
0.78
K65W7 "B"
2/13/90
14.5
0.983
4.30
21
ND
K65W7 "C"
2/13/90
14.9
1.878
4.49
93
0.15
K65W6 "D"
8/1 /90
18.0
0.041
5.01
0.63
ND
K65W6 "E"
8/1 /90
18.9
0.500
11.17
7.3
0.05
K65W7 "D"
8/1 /90
22.4
1.100
5.14
11
0.081
K65W7 "E"
8/1 /90
16.3
0.234
4.75
15
• ND
K65W7 "F"
8/1 /90
19.6
1.777
5.73
99
0.081
K65W7 "G"
8/1 /90
18.6
0.090
5.01
1.7
ND
K65W7 "H"
8/1 /90
25.2
NM
6.11
280
ND
K65W6 "F"
9/18/90
19.0
0.700
6.28
0.14 (a)
K65W6 "E"
1/29/91
14.4
0.119
7.23
1.7
ND
K65W7 "1"
1 /29/91
15.1
0.965
7.04
38
ND
RW-1
10/1 /91
NT
NT
NT
4.6
ND
RW-2
10/5/91
NT
NT
NT
63.74
0.26
RW-3
10/2/91
NT
NT
NT
0.16
ND
K65W6 "A"
1 /22/92
14.4
1.0
5.2
252
0.19
K65W6 "B"
1 /22/92
15.3
0.32
3.7
22
ND
K65W6 "C"
1 /22/92
14.0
0.53
4.6
35
0.054
K65W6 "D"
1 /22/92
14.8
0.42
4.7
0.17
ND
K65W6 OF
1 /22/92
15.2
0.11
4.7
37
ND
K65W6 "F"
1 /22/92
15.3
0.75
5.7
ND
0.10
K65W7 "A"
1 /22/92
14.8
0.98
4.6
23
0.17
K651M "B"
1 /22/92
15.8
0.89
4.4
19
0.058
K65W7 "C"
1 /22/92
15.1
1.0
3.6
130
0.057
K65W7 "D"
1 /22/92
14.4
0.08
4.2
2.0
0.054
K65W7 "E"
1 /22/92
15.1
0.11
4.5
6.0
ND
K65W7 "F"
1 /22/92
12.2
1.5
5.1
100
0.055
K65W7 0G"
1 /22/92
12.4
0.10
4.3
1.9
0.055
K65W7 "H"
1 /22/92
15.2
1.0
5.0
160
0.059
K65W7 "1"
1 1 /22/92
1 14.2
0.77
1 6.7
37
1 0.78
PR\W.\91-161\CAPTB1.xLS [1/28/941 Page 1 of 3 CanonleEnvironmental

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TABLE 1
GROUND WATER SAMPLING RESULTS
SOUTHERN STATES FERTILIZER PLANT
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
Specific
Well
Sampling
Temp
Conducance
Concentrations in mg/I
Number
Date
°C
m.mhos/cm
pH
NO3 NO2
K65W6 "A"
4/8/93
15
3.5
5.5
210
ND
K65W6'B"
4/8/93
17
0.4
4.5
6.8
ND
K65W6 "C'
4/8/93
15
0.9
5.2
50
ND
K65W7 "A'
4/8/93
16
1.2
4.7
52
0.42
K65W7 "F"
4/8/93
14
1.2
5.5
100
ND
K65W7 "H'
4/8/93
16
2.7
5.6
74
0.17
K65W6 "A'
8/3/93
20
5
5.7
340
0.096
K65W6 "B'
8/3/93
20
0.44
4.5
28
ND
K65W6'C"
8/3/93
20
1.1
5.4
72
ND
K65W7 "A"
8/3/93
19
1.5
5
66
0.74
K65W7'F"
8/3/93
19
1.9
5.8
100
ND
K65W7NH"
8/3/93
20
3.2
5.4
100
0.13
K65W6 "A"
10/7/93
16
2.0
5.6
330
0.092
K65W6013"
10/7/93
16
0.47
4.7
29
ND
K65W6 "C"
10/7/93
16
1.2
4.9
81
ND
K65W7 NA"
10/7/93
16
1.4
4.7
80
1.0
K65W7 "F"
10/7/93
17
1.5
5.7
96
ND
K65W7'H'
1 10/7/93
1 17
1 1.3
5.6
1 89
1 0.12
Notes:
(a) Concentration reported as Nitrate plus Nitrite
ND - Not detected
NM - Not measured, instrument not working
NT - Not tested
PR\W:\91-161\CAPT13I.XLS [1/28/94]
Page 3 of 3 CanonleEnvironmental

TABLE 2
COST ESTIMATE - CAPITAL COSTS AND ANNUAL OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
GROUND WATER REMEDIATION SYSTEM
SOUTHERN STATES FERTILIZER PLANT
ap-rtal Costs
Cost
1. Engineering/Surveying
$30,150.00
2. Mobilization and Site Preparation
$65,263.00
. Pipe Installation
$214,828.00
. LHt Pump Station Installation
$79,336.00
. Recovery Well Installation -Wells, Piping, Wiring, and Control Panel
$95,779.00
6. Demobilization and Site Restoration
$24,663.00
Total Capital Costs
$510,019.00
Annual Operations and Maintenance Costs
$60,750.00
Total Operations and Maintenance Costs
$60,750.00
PR\W.\91-161\CAPTB2.XL8 [1/25/941
CanonleEnviro=ental

TABLE 3
HISTORICAL ANALYTICAL DATA SUMMARY
NITRATE CONCENTRATION (MG/Q
THIRD CREEK SURFACE WATER SAMPLING
SOUTHERN STATES FACILITY
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
Sample Location
Sample Date 1 /29/91
US-1 (upstream) 3.6
MS-2 (midstream) 3.4
DS-3 (downstream) 7.6
Note:
Data table taken from the Phase IIIA Ground Water
IjAssessment Report (Law, 1991a).
PR\W:\91-161\CAPTB3.XLS [1/17/941 Can®nleEnvironmental

TABLE 4
HISTORICAL ANALYTICAL DATA SUMMARY
NITRATE CONCENTRATION (MG/L)
SOIL SAMPLING
SOUTHERN STATES FACILITY
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
Sample Location
Sample Date
8/1 /90
KW65W6D
ND
KW65W6E
3.4
KW65W7D
1.6
KW65W7E
ND
KW65W7F
1.1
KW65W7G
ND
KW65W7H
ND
Note:
Data taken from the Phase II Ground Water
[Assessment Report (Law, 1990a).
PRMA91-16MAPTMALS [1/171941 CanonteEnvironmental

SITE

APPENDIX A
NON -DISCHARGE PERMIT
PR\WA91-181\CAPAPP.00V [J&n. 28,1se4, CanonleEnvironmental

Fro
State of. North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
James G. Martin, Governor
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary George T. Everett, Ph.D
August 5, 1991 Director
Mr. Hilton M. Withers, Manager
Environmental Affairs
Southern States Cooperative, Incorporated
Post Office Box 26234
Richmond, Virginia 23260
Dear Mr. Withers:
Subject: Permit No. WQ0004556 Amendment
Southern States Cooperative, Inc.
Southern States Fertilizer Plant
Wastewater Spray Irrigation
Iredell County
In accordance with your application received December 21, 1990, and the request for amendment
received July 15, 1991, we are forwarding herewith Permit No. WQ0004556, as amended, dated August
5, 1991, to Southern States Cooperative, Incorporated for operation of the subject spray irrigation system.
This is for the one-time operation of this system to empty two (2) holding lagoons. This permit
amendment consists of changing the application rate to an average of 1.0 inches/week.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until May 31, 1992, and shall hereby void
Permit No. WQ0004556 issued June 13, 1991, and shall be subject to the conditions and limitations as
specified therein. Please pay particular attention to the monitoring requirements in this permit. Failure to
establish an adequate system for collecting and maintaining the required operational information will result
in future compliance problems.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable to you, you have
the right to request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within 30 days following receipt of this
permit. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of North
Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P:O. Drawer 27447,
Raleigh, NC 27611-7447. Unless such demands are made this permit shall be final and binding.
Regional Offices
Asheville Fayetteville Mooresville Raleigh Washington Wilmington Winston-Salem
704/251-6208 919/486-1541 704/663-1699 919/733-2314 919/946-6481 919/395-3900 919/896-7007
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

A-2
One set of approved plans and specifications was previously forwarded to you. If you need
additional information concerning this matter, please contact Ms. Angela Y. Griffin at 919/ 733-5083.
cc: Iredell County Health Department
Mooresville Regional Office
Groundwater Section
Training and Certification Unit
Law Environmental, Inc.
Facility Assessment Unit
nicer ,
George T. Everett

A-3
NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM PERMIT
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143,. General Statutes of North Carolina
as amended, and other applicable Laws, Rules, and Regulations
PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
Southern States Cooperative, Inc.
Iredell County
FOR THE
construction and operation of a spray irrigation system which consists of discharging approximately 2.5
million gallons of industrial wastewater from two holding ponds onto two (2) 230 foot diameter spray
fields and three (3) 372 foot diameter spray fields with all necessary appurtenances to serve Southern
States Fertilizer Plant with no discharge of wastes to the surface waters, pursuant to the application
received December 12, 1990, and the request for amendment received July 15, 1991, and in conformity
with the project plan, specifications, and other supporting- data subsequently filed and approved by the
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources and considered a part of this permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until May 31, 1992, and shall be subject to
the following specified conditions and limitations:
I. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
1. Upon completion of construction and prior to operation of this permitted facility, a
certification must be received from a professional engineer certifying that the permitted
facility has been installed in accordance with this permit, the approved plans and
specifications. Mail the Certification to the Permits and Engineering Unit, P.O. Box
29535, Raleigh, NC 27626-0535.
2. The Mooresville Regional Office, phone no. [phone] shall be notified at least
forty-eight (48) hours in advance of operation of the installed facilities so that an in -place
inspection can be made. Such notification to the regional supervisor shall be made during
the normal office hours from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. on Monday through Friday,
excluding State Holidays.
3. The spray irrigation facilities shall be effectively maintained and operated at all times so
that there is no discharge to the surface waters; nor any contamination of ground waters
which will render them unsatisfactory for normal use. In the event that the facilities fail to
perform satisfactorily, including the creation of nuisance conditions or failure of the
irrigation area to adequately absorb the wastewater, the Permittee shall take such immediate
corrective action to correct the problem, including actions as may be required by the
Division of Environmental Management.

A-4
4. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility for damages
to surface or groundwaters resulting from the operation of this facility.
5. The sludge generated from these treatment facilities must be disposed of in accordance with
General Statute 143-215.1 and in a manner approved by the North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management.
6. Diversion or bypassing of the untreated wastewater from the treatment facilities is
prohibited.
7. The following buffers shall be maintained:
a) 400 feet between wetted area and any residence under separate ownership,
b) 150 feet between wetted area, and property lines,
c) 100 feet between wetted area and wells,
d) 100 feet between wetted area and drainageways or surface water bodies,
e) 50 feet between wetted area and public right of ways,
f) 100 feet between wastewater treatment units and wells,
g) 50 feet between wastewater treatment units and property lines.
8. A leakage test shall be performed on the septic tank and dosing tank to insure that any
exfiltration occurs at a rate which does not exceed twenty (20) gallons per twenty-four (24)
hours per 1,000 gallons of tank capacity. The engineer's certification will serve as proof of
compliance with this condition.
1. The facilities shall be properly maintained and operated at all times.
2. Upon classification of the facility by the Certification Commission, the Permittee shall
employ a certified wastewater treatment plant operator to be in responsible charge of the
wastewater treatment facilities. The operator must hold a certificate of the type and grade at
least equivalent to the classification assigned to the wastewater treatment facilities by the
Certification Commission. Once the facility is classified, the Permittee must submit a letter
to the Certification Commission which designates the operator in responsible charge within
thirty days after the wastewater treatment facilities are 50% complete.
3. A suitable vegetative cover of fescue grass and forested trees shall be maintained.
4. Irrigation shall not be performed during inclement weather or when the ground is in a
condition that will cause runoff.
5. Adequate measures shall be taken to prevent wastewater runoff from the spray field.
6. The facilities shall be effectively maintained and operated as a non -discharge system to
prevent the discharge of `any wastewater resulting from the operation of this facility.
7. The application rate shall not exceed: a) 0.25 inches/hr and b) an average of 1.0 inch/week
and c) 0.62 GPD/ft2-
8. No type of wastewater other than that from the Southern States Fertilizer Plant shall be
sprayed onto the irrigation area.
0

A-5
9. No traffic or equipment shall be allowed on the disposal area except while -installation
occurs or while normal maintenance is being performed.
10. Public access to the land application sites shall be controlled during active site use. Such
controls may include the posting of signs showing the activities being conducted at each
site.
1. Any monitoring (including groundwater, surface water, soil or plant tissue analyses)
deemed necessary by the Division of Environmental Management to insure surface and
ground water protection will be established and an acceptable sampling reporting schedule
shall be followed.
2. Adequate records shall be maintained by the Permittee tracking the amount of wastewater
disposed. These records shall include, but are not necessarily limited to the following
information:
a) date of irrigation,
b) volume of wastewater irrigated,
c) field irrigated,
d) length of time field is irrigated,
e) continuous weekly, monthly, and year-to-date hydraulic (inches/acre) loadings for
each field,
f) weather conditions, and
g) maintenance of cover crops.
3. The effluent from the subject facilities shall be monitored by the Permittee at the point prior,
to irrigation every July, August and September for the following parameters:
COD TSS
pH -' Calcium
NH3 as N Sodium
Magnesium
Sodium Adsorption Ratio by Calculation
4. Three copies of all operation and disposal records (as specified in condition I112) and all
effluent monitoring data (as specified in condition III 3) and any other data as may be
required shall be submitted on or before the last day of the following month to the
following address:
NC Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Section
Facility Assessment Unit
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
5. Noncompliance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Mooresville Regional Office, telephone no.
[phone], as soon as possible,, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next
working day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of the
following:
Kj

a. Any occurrence at the wastewater treatment facility which results in the treatment of
significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic, such
as the dumping of the contents of a sludge digester, the known passage of a slug of
hazardous substance through the facility; or any other unusual circumstances.
b. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render the facility
incapable of adequate wastewater treatment such as mechanical or electrical failures
of pumps, aerators, compressors, etc.
c. Any failure of a pumping station, sewer line, or treatment facility resulting in a by-
pass directly to receiving waters without treatment of all or any portion of the
influent to such station or facility.
d. Any time that self -monitoring information indicates that the facility has gone out of
compliance with its permit limitations.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in letter
form within 15 days following first knowledge of the occurrence. This report must outline
the actions taken or proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem does not recur.
1. Any additional groundwater quality monitoring, as deemed necessary by the Division, shall
be provided.
2. Effluent monitoring prior to irrigation shall be conducted for TKN, nitrates nitrogen, and
ammonia nitrogen. Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) should be determined and loading
rates adjusted accordingly.
3. The permittee shall notify the Mooresville Regional Supervisor at the conclusion of all
closure activities, including land application of the sediment/sludge.
4. The Compliance Boundary for the disposal system is specified by regulations in 15 NCAC
2L, Classifications and Water Quality Standards applicable to the groundwater of North
Carolina. An exceedance of Groundwater Quality Standards beyond the Compliance
Boundary is subject to penalty provisions applicable under General Statute 143-215.6(1)a.
The sale of property, by the Permittee, which is within or contiguous to the disposal
system site may alter location of the Compliance Boundary.
For facilities permitted on or after December 30, 1983, the Compliance Boundary is
established at the lesser of 250 feet from the wetted area, or 50 feet within the property
boundary.
If the title to any property which may affect the location of the Compliance Boundary is
changed, the permittee shall notify the Division Director within 14 days. The Director shall
then establish a -modified Compliance Boundary which will be done as a modification to the
Permit.
4

A-7
The REVIEW BOUNDARY for the disposal system is specified by regulations in 15
NCAC 2L, Groundwater Classifications and Standards. A REVIEW BOUNDARY is
established around disposal systems midway between the Compliance Boundary and the
perimeter of the waste disposal area. When the concentration of any substance equals or
exceeds the maximum allowable concentration of that substance at the REVIEW
BOUNDARY, as determined by monitoring, the permittee shall either (i) demonstrate,
through predictive calculations or modeling, that natural site conditions, facility design and
operational controls will prevent a violation of standards at the Compliance Boundary; or,
(ii) submit a plan for the alteration of existing site conditions, facility design or operational
controls that will prevent a violation of standards at the Compliance Boundary, and
implement that plan upon its approval by the Director.
1. Adequate inspection, maintenance, and cleaning shall be provided by the Permittee to
insure proper operation of the subject facilities.
2. The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the wastewater treatment and disposal facilities
to prevent malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and discharges which may cause
or lead to the release of wastes to the environment, a threat to human health, or a nuisance.
The Permittee shall keep an inspection log or summary including at least the date and time
of inspection, observations made, and any maintenance, repairs, or corrective actions
taken by the Permittee. This log of inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee for a
period of three years from the date of the inspection and shall be made available upon
request to the Division of Environmental Management or other permitting authority.
3. Any duly authorized officer, employee, or representative of the Division of Environmental
Management may, upon presentation of credentials, enter and inspect any property,
premises or place on or related to the disposal site and facility at any reasonable time for the
purpose of determining compliance with this permit; may inspect or copy any records that
must be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit; or may obtain samples of
groundwater, surface water, or leachate.
1. This permit shall become voidable unless the facilities are constructed in accordance with
the conditions of this permit, the approved plans, specifications, and other supporting data.
2. This permit is effective only with respect to the nature and volume of wastes described in
the application and other supporting data.
3. This permit is not transferable. In the event there is a desire for the facilities to change
ownership, or there is a name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request must be
submitted to the Division of Environmental Management accompanied by an application
fee, documentation from the parties involved, and other supporting materials as may be
appropriate. The approval of this request will be considered on its merits and may or may
not be approved.
4. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may subject the
Permittee to an enforcement action by the Division of Environmental Management in
accordance with North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6.
5

a -a
5. The issuance of this permit does not preclude the Permittee from complying with any and
all statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which may be imposed by other government
agencies (local, state, and federal) which have jurisdiction.
6. Prior to any transfer of this land, a notice shall be given to the new owner that gives full
details of the materials applied at this site.
7. A set of approved plans and specifications for the subject project must be retained by the
Permittee for the life of the project.
8. The annual administering and compliance fee must be paid by the Permittee within thirty
days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause the
Division to initiate action to revoke this permit as specified by 15 NCAC 211.0205 (c)(4).
9. The Permittee shall conduct a soil assessment of both lagoons after the lagoons have been
dewatered to determine if contamination exists below the bottom layer of the lagoons. The
Permittee shall conduct those methods necessary to determine if contamination exists and to
determine if the soils are classified as hazardous by a full TCLP analysis.
10. The Permittee shall conduct a full TCLP analysis of the sludge and of the soil located in
each of the two lagoons to determine if these materials are hazardous or non -hazardous.
11. Upon completing the testing requirements of Conditions VI-10 and VI-11, the Permittee
shall submit the results to the
Water Quality Supervisor
Division of Environmental Management
Mooresville Regional Office
919 North Main Street
Mooresville, North Carolina 28I15.
12. Upon completing the testing requirements of Conditions VI-9 and VI-10, the Permittee
shall submit the method for the disposal of the sludge to the Mooresville Regional Water
Quality Supervisor for approval.
13. The Permittee shall not dispose of any sludge prior to receiving written approval from the
Mooresville Regional Water Quality Supervisor.
14. Upon completion, written notice stating that irrigation activities have been completed along
with a formal request for suspension of this permit shall be submitted to the Division of
Environmental Management.
Permit issued this the 5th day of August, 1991
CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
George T. Evere , D rect
Division of En ' onmenta)on6ntal
agement
By Authority of Management Commission
Permit Number WQ0004556 Amendment
P,

NW
Permit No. WQ0004556 Amendment
August 5, 1991
Engineer's Certification
as a duly registered Professional Engineer in the State of North
Carolina, having been authorized to observe (periodically, weekly, full time) the construction of the
project, for the
Project Name Location
Permittee hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due care and diligence was used in the observation
of the construction such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial compliance and
intent of the approved plans and specifications.
Signature Registration No.
Date
7

APPENDIX B
NPDES PERMIT AND PERMIT APPLICATION
PR\WA91-161TAPAPP.COV Wan. 14, 19941 Can®ni-eEnvironmental

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
Ac4ilrAj
�EHNFi
December 1, 1993
Sam Koon
6606 West Broad Street
Richmond, VA 23230 -
Subject: Permit No. NCO082821
S. S. Fertilizer Plant
Richmond County
Dear Mr. Koon:
In accordance with your application for discharge permit received on September 21,
1992, we are forwarding herewith the subject state - NPDES permit. This permit is issued
pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina General Statute 143-215 .1 and the
Memorandum of Agreement between North Carolina and the US Environmental Protection
agency dated December 6, 1983.
If any parts, measurement frequencies or sampling requirements contained in this permit
are unacceptable to you, you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request
within thirty (30) days following receipt of this letter. This request must be in the form of a
written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes, and filed
with the Office of Administrative Hearings, Post Office Drawer 27447, Raleigh, North
Carolina 27611 -7447. Unless such demand is made, this decision shall be final and binding.
Please take notice this permit is not transferable. Part II, EA. addresses the requirements
to be followed in case of change in ownership or control of this discharge.
This permit does not affect the legal requirements to obtain other permits which may be
required by the Division of Environmental Management or permits required by the Division of
Land Resources, Coastal Area Management Act or any other Federal or Local governmental
permit that may be required.
If you have any questions concerning this permit, please contact Mr. Randy Kepler at
telephone number 919n33-5083.
S' cerely,
st o , Jr.
erector
cc: Mr. Jim Patrick, EPA
Fayetteville Regional Office
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

B-2
Permit No. NCO082821
a�
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PERMIT
TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1,'
other lawful standards and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental
Management Commission, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Southern States Cooperative, Inc.
is hereby authorized to discharge wastewater from a facility located at
S.S. Fertilizer Plant
on US Highway 70
Six miles east of Statesville
Statesville
Iredell County
to receiving waters designated as Fourth Creek in the Yadkin -Pee Dee River Basin
in accordance with effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set forth in
Parts I, II, and III hereof.
This permit shall become effective January 1, 1994
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight on October 31, 1998
Signed this day December 1, 1993
Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
vision of Environmental Management
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

B-3
Permit No. NC0082821
SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET
Southern States Cooperative, Inc.
is hereby authorized to:
.1. Enter into a contract for construction of a wastewater treatment facility; and
2. Make an outlet into Fourth Creek, and
3. After receiving an Authorization to Construct from the Division of Environmental
Management, construct and operate a 0.144 MGD wastewater treatment facility located at
S.S. Fertilizer Plant, on US Highway 70, Six miles east of Statesville Statesville,
Iredell County (See Part III of this Permit), and
4. Discharge from said treatment works at the location specified on the attached map into
Fourth Creek which is classified class C waters in the Yadkin -Pee Dee River Basin.

=PHERDS) .518
55 1ll NE
.E 1:24 000
0 1 MILE
3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET
0 1 KILOMETER
NTERVAL 10 FEET
MEAN SEA LEVEL
JIONAL MAP ACCURACY. STANDARDS _
'IL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20242
aPS AND SYMBOLS IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
■N.C. �
QUADRANGLE LOCATION
I
INTERIOR -GEOLOGICAL SUR%
521000M.E.
ROAD CLASSI
Primary highway, L
hard surface.__ -_--__... it
Secondary highway,
hard surface..U
0 Interstate Route C3 U.
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AMS
_. �. S-a..�. .. .�Ar:'.-�is�t. L�}.ri '-i. ...+ `tiR•_��tA.✓�va.Is '1�1flii��r#!jAl1�=S1*MWWi�R'S

A. (). EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS SUMMER (April 1- October 31) Permit No. NCO082821
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge from
outfall(s) serial number 001. Such discharges shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below:
Discharge Limitations
Monitoring
Req_uirementa
Effluent Characteristic.
Lbs/day Units (specify
Measurement
Sama
*Sample
Mon. Avg. Daily Max Mon. Avg. Daily Max..
Frequency
Type
Location
Continuous
Recording
E
Flo w"
Flo as
NH3Total
7.8 mg/i
2/Month
Grab
E
Suspended Residue
30.0 mg/1- 45.0 mg/i
2/Month
Grab
E
Monthly
Grab
E
Copper
Monthly
Grab
E
Chlorides
Monthly
Grab
E
NO3 - N
Quarterly
Grab
E
Chronic Toxicity***
Monthly
Grab
E
Total Nitrogen (NO2+NO3+TKN)
Total Phosphorus
Monthly
Grab
E
* Sample location: E - Effluent
** All volumes of wastewater leaving the facility shall be monitored. If continuous flow monitoring is not feasible, then the discharger shall
record the approximate -time that discharge began and ended, along with the instantaneous flow at the time of the effluent sampling.
*** Chronic Toxicity (Ceriodaphnia) P/F at 3%; See Part III, Condition E.
The -nH-shall not be less than 6.0 standard units nor greater than 9..0 standard units and shall be monitoredw,bbloy. at the effluent by grab
sample.
There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts.

A. (). EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS WINTER (November 1 - March 31) Permit No. NCO082821
During the period beginning
on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge from
outfall(s) serial number 001.
Such discharges shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below:
Effluent Characteristic
Discharge Limitations Monitoring
Requirements
Lbs/day Units specify Measurement
Sample
•Sample
Mon. Avg. Daily Max Mon. Avg. Daily Max. Frequency
Tvpe
Location
Flow"
Continuous
Recording
E
NH3 as N
2/Month
Grab
E
Total Suspended Residue
30.0 mg/I 45.0 mg/I 2/Month .
Grab
E
Copper
Monthly
Grab
E
Chlorides"
Monthly
Grab
E
NO3 - N
Monthly
Grab
E_
Chronic Toxicity='.
Quarterly
Grab
E
Total Nitrogen (NO2+NO3+TKN)
Monthly
Grab
E
Total Phosphorus
Monthly
Grab
E
* Sample location: E - Effluent
** All volumes of wastewater leaving the facility shall be monitored. If continuous flow monitoring. is not feasible, then the discharger shall
record the approximate time that discharge began and ended, along with the instantaneous flow at the time.of the effluent sampling.
*** Chronic Toxicity (Ceriodaphnia) PIF at 3%; See Part III, Condition E.
The:011 shall not be less than 6.0 standard units nor greater than. 9.0 standard units and shall be monitored weekly at the effluent by grab
sample..,
There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts.

PART
Section B. Schedule of Compliance
1. The permittee shall comply with Final Effluent Limitations specified for discharges in
accordance with the following schedule:
Permittee shall comply with Final Effluent Limitations by the effective date of the permit unless
specified below. -Z'IN 1, 1 q q'f
2. Permittee shall at all times provide the operation and maintenance necessary to operate the
existing facilities at optimum efficiency.
3. No later than 14 calendandays following a date identified in the above schedule of compliance,
the permittee shall submit either a report of progress or, in the case of specific actions being
required by identified dates, a written notice of compliance or noncompliance. In the latter
case, the notice shall include the cause of noncompliance, any remedial actions taken, and the
probability of meeting the next schedule requirements.

Part II
Page 1 of 14
PART II
STANDARD CONDITIONS FOR NPDES PERMITS
SECTION A. DEFINITIONS
1. Permit Issuing Authority
The Director of the Division of Environmental Management.
2. DEM or Division
Means the Division of Environmental Management, Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources.
3. FMC
Used herein means the North Carolina. Environmental Management Commission.
4. Act or "the Act"
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean Water Act, as amended, 33
USC 1251, et. seq.
5. Mass/Day Measurements
a. The "monthly average discharge" is defined as the total mass of all daily discharges
sampled and/or measured during a calendar month on which daily discharges are sampled
and measured, divided by the number of daily discharges sampled and/or measured during
such month. It is therefore, an arithmetic mean found by adding the weights of the
pollutant found each day of the month and then dividing this sum by the number of days
the tests were reported. The limitation is identified as "Monthly Average" in Part I of the
permit.
b. The "weekly average discharge" is defined as the total mass of all'daily discharges sampled
and/or measured during the calendar week (Sunday - Saturday) on which daily discharges
are sampled and measured, divided by the number of daily discharges sampled and/or
measured during such week. It is, therefore, an arithmetic mean found by adding the
weights of pollutants found each day of the week and then dividing this sum by the
number of days the tests were reported. This limitation is identified as "Weekly Average"
in Part I of the permit.
C. The "maximum daily discharge" is the total mass (weight) of a pollutant discharged during
a calendar day. If only one sample is taken during any calendar day the weight of pollutant
calculated from it is the "maximum daily discharge." This limitation is identified as "Daily
Maximum," in Part I of the permit.
d. The "average annual discharge" is defined as the total mass of all daily discharges sampled
and/or measured during the calendar year on which daily discharges are sampled and
measured, divided by the number of daily discharges sampled and/or measured during such
year. It is, therefore, an arithmetic mean found by adding the weights of pollutants found
each day of the year and then dividing this sum by the number of days the tests were
reported. This limitation is defined as "Annual Average" in Pait I of the permit.

Part L B-9
Page 2 of 14
6. Concentration Measurement
a. The "average monthly concentration," other,than for fecal coliform bacteria, is the sum of
the concentrations of all daily discharges sampled and/or measured during a calendar month
on which daily discharges are sampled and measured, divided by the number of daily
discharges sampled and/or measured during such month (arithmetic mean of the daily
concentration values). The daily concentration value is equal to the concentration of a
composite sample or in the case of grab samples is the arithmetic mean (weighted by flow
value) of all the samples collected during that calendar day. The average monthly count for
fecal coliform bacteria is the geometric mean of the counts for samples collected during a
calendar month. This limitation is identified as "Monthly Average" under "Other Limits" in
Part I of the permit.
b. The "average weekly concentration," other than for fecal coliform bacteria, is the sum of the
concentrations of all daily discharges sampled and/or measured during a calendar week
(Sunday/Saturday) on which daily discharges are sampled and measured divided by the
number of daily discharges sampled and/or measured during such week (arithmetic mean of
the daily concentration values). The daily concentration value is equal to the concentration
of a composite sample or in the case of grab samples is the arithmetic mean (weighted by
flow value) of all the samples collected during that calendar day. The average weekly count
for fecal coliform bacteria is the geometric mean of the counts for samples collected during
a calendar week. This limitation is identified as "Weekly Average" under "Other Limits" in
Part I of the permit.
c. The "maximum daily concentration" is the concentration of a pollutant discharge during a
calendar day. If only one sample is taken during any calendar day the concentration of
pollutant calculated from it is the "Maximum Daily Concentration". It is identified as
"Daily. Maximum" under "Other Limits" in Part I of the permit.
d. The "average annual concentration," other than for fecal coliform bacteria, is the sum of the
concentrations of all daily discharges sampled and/or measured during a calendar year on
which daily discharges are sampled and measured divided by the number of daily
discharges sampled and/or measured during such year (arithmetic mean of the daily
concentration values). The daily concentration value is equal to the concentration of a
composite sample or in the case of grab samples is the arithmetic mean (weighted by flow
value) of all the samples collected during that calendar day . The average yearly count for
fecal coliform bacteria is the geometric mean of the counts for samples collected during a
calendar year. This limitation is identified as "Annual Average" under "Other Limits" in
Part I of the permit.
e. The "daily average concentration" (for dissolved oxygen) is the minimum allowable amount
of dissolved oxygen required to be available in the effluent prior to discharge averaged
over a calendar day. If only one dissolved oxygen -sample is taken over a calendar day, the
sample is considered to be the "daily average concentration" for the discharge. It 'is
identified as "daily average" in the text of Part L
f. The "quarterly average concentration" is the average of all samples taken over a calendar
quarter. It is identified as "Quarterly Average Limitation" in the text of Part I of the permit.
g. A calendar quarter is defined as one of the following distinct periods: January through
March, April through June, July through September, and October through December.

PartU B-10
Page 3 of 14
7. Other Measurements
a. Flow, (MGD):, The flow limit expressed in this permit is the 24 hours average flow,
averaged monthly. It is determined as the arithmetic mean of the total daily flows recorded
during the calendar month
b. An "instantaneous flow measurement" is a measure of flow taken at the time of sampling,
when both the sample and flow will be representative of the total discharge.
c. A "continuous flow measurement" is a measure of discharge flow from the facility which
occurs continually without interruption throughout the operating hours of the facility. Flow
shall be monitored continually except for the infrequent times when there may be no flow
or for infrequent maintenance activities on the flow device.
8. Types of Samples
a. Composite Sample: A composite sample shall consist of:
(1) a series of grab samples collected at equal time intervals over a 24 hour period of
discharge and combined proportional to the rate of flow measured at the time of
individual sample collection, or
(2) a series of grab samples of equal volume collected over a 24 hour period with the time
intervals between samples determined by a preset number of gallons passing the
sampling point. Flow measurement between sample intervals shall be determined by
use of a flow recorder and totalizer, and the present gallon interval between sample
collection fixed at no greater than 1/24 of the expected total daily flow at the treatment
system, or
(3) a single, continuous sample collected over a 24 hour period proportional to the rate of
flow.
In accordance with (1) above, the time interval between influent grab samples shall be no
greater than once per hour, and the time interval between effluent grab samples shall be no
greater than once per hour except at wastewater treatment systems having a detention time
of greater than 24 hours. In such cases, effluent grab samples may be collected at time
intervals evenly spaced over the 24 hour period which are equal in number of hours to the
detention time of the system in number of days. However, in no case may the time interval
between effluent grab samples be greater than six (6) hours nor the number of samples less
than four (4) during a 24 hour sampling period.
b. Grab Sample: Grab samples are individual samples collected over a period of time not
exceeding 15 minutes; the grab sample can be taken manually. Grab samples must be
representative of the discharge or the receiving waters.
9. Calculation of Means
a Arithmetic Mean: The arithmetic mean of any set of values is the summation of the
individual values divided by the number of individual values.
b. Geometric Mean: The geometric mean of any set of values is the Nth root of the product of
the individual values where N is equal to the number of individual values. The geometric
mean is equivalent to the antilog of the arithmetic mean of the logarithms of the individual
values. For purposes of calculating the'geometric mean, values -of zero (0) shall be'.
considered to be one (1).
W

PartIl B-11
Page 4 of 14
c. Weighted by Flow Value: Weighted by flow value means the summation of each
concentration times its respective flow divided by the summation of the respective flows.
10. Calendar Day
A calendar day is defined as the period from midnight of one day until midnight of the next
day. However, for purposes of this permit, any consecutive 24-hour period that reasonably
represents the calendar day may be used for sampling.
11. Hazardous Substance
A hazardous substance means any substance designated under 40 CFR Part 116 pursuant to
Section 311 of the Clean Water Act.
12. Toxic Pollutant
A toxic pollutant is any pollutant listed as toxic under Section 307(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act.
SECTION B. GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. Du , to Comply
The permittee must comply with all conditions of this permit. Any permit noncompliance
constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit
termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification; or denial of a permit renewal
application.
a. The permittee shall comply with effluent standards or prohibitions established under
section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act for toxic pollutants and with standards for sewage
sludge use or disposal established under section 405(d) of the Clean Water Act within the
time provided in the regulations that establish these standards or prohibitions or standards
for sewage sludge use or disposal, even if the permit has not yet been modified to
incorporate the requirement.
b. The Clean Water Act provides that any person who violates -a permit condition is subject to
a civil penalty not to exceed $25,000 per day for each violation. Any person who
negligently violates any permit condition is subject to criminal penalties of $2,500 to
$25,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both. Any
person who knowingly violates permit conditions is subject to criminal penalties of $5,000
to $50,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment for not more than 3 years, or both. Also,
any person who violates a permit condition may be assessed an administrative penalty not
to exceed $10,000 per violation with the maximum amount not to exceed $125,000. [Ref:
Section 309 of the Federal Act 33 U.S.C. 1319 and 40 CFR 122.41 (a)]
c. Under state law, a civil penalty of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) per
violation may be assessed against any person who violates or fails to act in accordance with
the terms, conditions, or requirements of a permit. [Ref: North Carolina General Statutes
§ 143-215.6A]
d. Any person may be assessed an administrative penalty by. the Administrator for violating
section 301, 302, 3061' 307, 308, 318,' or 405 'of the - Act, or any permit condition or
limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under section 402 of the
Act. Administrative penalties for Class I violations are not to exceed $10,000 per violation,
with the maximum amomit if any Class I penalty assessed not to exceed $25,000.

Part II B-12
Page 5 of 14
Penalties for Class II violations are not to exceed $10,000 per day for each day during
which the violation continues, with the maximum amount of any Class II penalty not to
exceed $125,000.
2. Duty_to Miti ag_te
The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge or sludge use
or disposal in violation of this permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting
human health or the environment.
3. Civil and Criminal Liability
Except as provided_in permit_conditions on "Bypassing" (Part II, C-4) and "Power Failures"
(Part II, C-7), nothing in this permit shall be construed to relieve the permittee from any
responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties for noncompliance pursuant to NCGS 143-215.3,143-
215.6 or Section 309 of the Federal Act, 33 USC 1319. Furthermore, the permittee is
responsible for consequential damages, such as fish kills, even though the responsibility for
effective compliance may be temporarily' suspended.
4. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability
Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or relieve
the permittee from any responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties to which the permittee is or may
be subject to under NCGS 143-215.75 et seq. or Section 311 of the Federal Act, 33 USG 1321.
Furthermore, the permittee is responsible for consequential damages, such as fish kills, even
though the responsibility for effective compliance may be temporarily suspended.
5. Property Rights
The issuance of this permit does not convey any property rights in either real or personal
property, or any exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property or any
invasion of personal rights, nor any infringement of Federal, State or local laws or regulations.
6. Onshore or Offshore Construction
This permit does not authorize or approve the construction of any onshore or offshore physical
structures or facilities or the undertaking of any work in any navigable waters.
7. Severability
The provisions of this permit are severable, and if any provision of this permit, or the
application of any provision of this permit to any circumstances, is held invalid, the application
-- -of such provision to other circumstances, and the remainder of this permit, shall not be affected
thereby.
8. Duty to Provide Information
The permittee shall furnish to the Permit Issuing Authority, within a reasonable time, any
information which the Permit Issuing Authority may re
gnest to determine whether cause exists
for modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating this permit or to determine compliance
with this permit. The permittee shall also furnish to. the Permit Issuing Authority upon
request, copies of records required to be kept by this permit.-,-

Part II B-13
Page 6 of 14
9. Duty to Reapply
If the permittee wishes to continue an activity regulated by this permit after the expiration date
of this permit, the permittee must apply for and obtain a new permit.
10. Expiration of Permit
The permittee is not authorized to discharge after the expiration date. In order to receive
automatic authorization to discharge beyond the expiration date, the permittee shall submit such
information, forms, and fees as are required by the agency authorized to issue permits no later
than 180 days prior to the expiration date. Any permittee that has not requested renewal at least
180 days prior to expiration, or any permittee that does not have a permit after the expiration
and has not requested. renewal. at least 180 days prior to.expiration, will subject the permittee to
enforcement procedures as provided in NCGS 143-215.6 and 33 USC 1251 et. seq.
11. Signatory Requirements
All applications, reports, or information submitted to the Permit Issuing Authority shall be
signed and certified.
a. All permit applications shall be signed as follows:
(1) For a corporation: by a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Section,
a responsible corporate officer means: (a) a president, secretary, treasurer or vice
president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other
person who performs similar policy or decision making functions for the corporation,
or (b) the manager of one or more manufacturing production or operating facilities
employing more than 250 persons or having gross annual sales or expenditures
exceeding 25 million (in second quarter 1980 dollars), if authority to sign documents
has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures.
(2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general partner or the proprietor,
respectively; or
(3) For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency: by either a principal
executive officer or ranking elected official.
b. All reports required by the permit and other information requested by the Permit Issuing
Authority shall be signed by a person described above or by a duly authorized if-
(1)
(2) The authorization specified either an individual or a position having responsibility for
the overall operation of the regulated facility or activity, such as the position of plant
manager, operator of -a well or well field, superintendent, a position of equivalent
responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for
environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be
either a named individual or any individual occupying a named position.); and
(3) The written authorization is submitted to the Permit Issuing Authority.
1=

Part II B-14
Page 7 of 14'
c. Certification. Any person signing a document under paragraphs a. or b. of this section
shall make the following certification:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that this document and all attachments were prepared under
my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified
personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of
the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible, for
gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and
belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility of fines and- imprisonment for
knowing violations."
12. Permit Actions
This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. The filing of a
request by the permittee for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination,
or a notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit
condition.
13. Permit Modification Revocation and Reissuance. or Termination
The issuance of this permit does not prohibit the permit'issuing authority from reopening and
modifying the permit, revoking and reissuing the permit, or terminating the permit as allowed
by the laws, rules, and regulations contained in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts
122 and 123; Title 15A of the North Carolina Administrative Code, Subchapter 2H .0100; and
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1 et. al.
14. Previous Permits
All previous National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permits issued to this facility,
whether for operation or discharge, are hereby revoked by issuance of this permit. [The
exclusive authority to operate this facility arises under this permit. The authority to operate the
facility under previously issued permits bearing this number is no longer effective. ] The
conditions, requirements, terms, and provisions of this permit authorizing discharge under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System govern discharges from this facility.
SECTION C. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POLLUTION CONTROLS
1. Certified Operator
Pursuant to Chapter 90A-44 of North Carolina General Statutes, and upon classification of the
facility by the Certification Commission, the permittee shall employ a certified wastewater
treatment plant operator in responsible charge (ORC) of the wastewater treatment facilities.,
Such operator must hold a certification of the grade equivalent to or greater than the
classification assigned to the wastewater treatment facilities by the Certification Commission.
The permittee must also employ a certified back-up operator of the appropriate type and any
grade to comply with the conditions of Title 15A, Chapter 8A .0202. The ORC of the facility
must visit each Class I facility at least weekly and each Class II, III, and IV facility at least
daily, excluding weekends and holidays, and must properly manage and document daily
operation and maintenance of the facility and must comply with all other conditions of Title
15A, Chapter 8A .0202. Once the facility is classified, the permittee shall submit a letter to the
Certification Commission which designates the operator in responsible charge within- thirty.
days after the wastewater treatment facilities are 50% complete.
)4

Part11 B-15
Page 8 of 14
2. Proper Operation and Maintenance
The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of
treatment and control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the permittee to
achieve compliance with the conditions of this permit. Proper operation and maintenance also
includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures. This
provision requires the operation of back-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems which are
installed by a permittee only when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the
conditions of the permit.
3. Need to Halt or Reduce not a Defense
It. shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would have been
necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the
condition of this permit.
4. Bypassing of Treatment Facilities
a. Definitions
(1) "Bypass" means the known diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment
facility including the collection system, which is not a designed or established or
operating mode for the facility.
(2) "Severe property damage" means substantial physical damage to property, damage to
the treatment facilities which causes them to become inoperable, or substantial and
permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the
absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by
delays in production.
b. Bypass not exceeding limitations.
The permittee may allow any bypass to occur which does not cause effluent limitations to
be exceeded, but only if it also is for essential maintenance to assure efficient operation.
These bypasses are not subject to the provisions of Paragraphs c. and d. of this section.
c. Notice
(1) Anticipated bypass. If the permittee knows in advance of the need for a bypass, it
shall submit prior notice, if possible at least ten days before the date of the bypass;
including an evaluation of the'anticipated quality and affect of the bypass.
(2) Unanticipated bypass. The permittee shall submit notice of an unanticipated bypass as
required in Part 11, E. 6. of this permit. (24 hour notice).
d. Prohibition of Bypass
0) Bypass is prohibited and the Permit Issuing Authority may take enforcement action
against a permittee for bypass, unless: ;
(A) Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury or severe property
damage;
(B) There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary
treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes or maintenance during normal

Part II B=16
Page 9 of 14
periods of equipment downtime. This condition is not satisfied if adequate backup
equipment should have been installed in the exercise of reasonable engineering
judgment to prevent a bypass which occurred during normal periods of equipment
downtime or preventive maintenance; and
(C) The permittee submitted notices as required under Paragraph c. of this section.
(2) The Permit Issuing Authority may approve an anticipated bypass, after considering its
adverse affects, if the Permit Issuing Authority determines that it will meet the three
conditions listed above in Paragraph d. (1) of this section.
5. Una
a. Definition.
"Upset " means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary
noncompliance with technology based permit effluent limitations because of factors
beyond the reasonable control of the permittee. An upset does not include noncompliance
to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities,
inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or improper
operation.
b. Effect of an upset.
An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with
such technology based permit effluent limitations if the requirements of paragraph c. of this
condition are met. No determination made during administrative review of claims that
noncompliance was caused by upset, and before an action for noncompliance, is final
administrative action subject to judicial review.
c. Conditions necessary for a demonstration of upset.
A permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative defense of upset shall demonstrate,
through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant evidence that:
(1) An upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the cause(s) of the upset;
(2) The permittee facility was at the time being properly operated; and
(3) The permittee submitted notice of the upset as required in Part II, E. 6. (b) (B) of this
permit.
(4) The permittee complied with any remedial measures required under Part H, B. 2. of this
permit
d. Burden of proof.
In any enforcement proceeding the permittee seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset
has the burden of proof.
6. Removed Substances
- Solids, sludges, filter backwash, or other'pollutants removed in the course of treatment or
control of wastewaters shall be utilized/disposed of in accordance with NCGS 143-215.1 and in
a manner such as io prevent any pollutant from such materials from entering waters of the State
or navigable:waters of the United States. The permittee shall comply with all existing federal
J�

Part II B-17
Page 10 of 14
regulations governing the disposal of sewage sludge. Upon promulgation of 40 CFR Part 503,
any permit issued by the Permit Issuing Authority for the utilization/disposal of sludge may be
reopened and modified, or revoked and reissued, to incorporate applicable requirements at 40
CFR Part 503. The permittee shall comply with applicable 40 CFR Part 503 Standards for the
Use and Disposal of Sewage Sludge (when promulgated) within the time provided in the
regulation, even if the permit is not modified to incorporate the requirement. The permittee
shall notify the Permit Issuing Authority of any significant change in its sludge use or disposal
practices.
7. Power Failures
The permittee is responsible for maintaining adequate safeguards as required by DEM
Regulation, Title 15A, North Carolina Administrative Code, Subchapter 2H, .0124 Reliability,
to prevent the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated wastes during electrical power
failures either by means of alternate power sources, standby generators or retention of
inadequately treated effluent.
SECTION D. MONITORING AND RECORDS
1. Representative Sampling
Samples collected and measurements taken, as required herein, shall be characteristic of the
volume and nature of the permitted discharge. Samples collected at a frequency less than daily
shall be taken on a day and time that is characteristic of -the discharge over the entire period
which the sample represents. All samples shall be taken at the monitoring points specified in
this permit and, unless otherwise specified, before the effluent joins or is diluted by any other
wastestream, body of water, or substance. Monitoring points shall not be changed without
notification to and the approval of the Permit Issuing Authority.
2. Reporting
Monitoring results obtained during the previous month(s) shall be summarized for each month
and reported on a monthly Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) Form (DEM No. MR 1,1.1, 2,
3) or alternative forms approved by the Director, DEM, postmarked no later than the 30th day
following the completed reporting period.
The first DMR is due on the last day of the month following the. issuance of the permit or in the
case of anew facility, on=the_;.last-day of.the?month•following.the:.commencementcofdischarge,-..
Duplicate signed copies`6f the§e; and 'all other reports required herein, shall be submitted to the
following address:
Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Section
ATTENTION: Central Files
Post Office Box 29535
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
3. Flow Measurements _
Appropriate flow measurement devices and methods consistent with accepted scientific
practices sha1be.selected and used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurements of
the volume of monitored discharges. The devices shall be installed, calibrated and maintained
to ensure that the accuracy of the measurements are consistent with the accepted capability of
that type of device. Devices selected shall be capable of measuring flows with a maximum
deviation of less than + 1 n°J^ from the true discharge rates throughout the range of expected
1'7

Part 11 B-18
Page 11 of 14
discharge volumes. Once -through condenser cooling water flow which is monitored by pump
logs, or pump hour meters as specified in Part I of this permit and based on the manufacturer's
pump curves shall not be subject to this requirement.
4. Test Procedures
Test procedures for the analysis of pollutants shall conform to the EMC regulations published
pursuant to NCGS 143-215.63 et. seq, the Water and Air Quality Reporting Acts, and to
regulations published pursuant. to Section 304(g), 33 USC 1314, of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, as Amended, and Regulation 40 CFR 136; or in the case of sludge use or
disposal, approved under 40 CFR 136, unless otherwise specified in 40 CFR 503, unless
other test procedures have been specified in this permit.
To meet the intent of the monitoring required by this permit, all test procedures must produce
minimum detection and reporting levels that are below the permit discharge requirements and
all data generated must be reported down to the minimum detection or lower reporting level of
the procedure. If no approved methods are determined capable of achieving minimum
detection and reporting levels below permit discharge requirements, then the most sensitive
(method with the lowest possible detection and reporting level) approved method must be used.
5. Penalties for Tampering
The Clean Water Act provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly
renders inaccurate, any monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this.
permit shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or
by imprisonment for not more than two years per violation, or by both. If a conviction of a
person is for a violation committed after a first conviction of such person under this paragraph,
punishment is a fine of not more than $20,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment of not
more than 4 years, or both.
6. Records Retention
Except for records of monitoring information required by this permit related to the permittee's
sewage sludge use and disposal activities, which shall-be+retained-forYasperiod°oftat4east=five.
►ears . (or longer as required by 40 CFR 503), the permittee shall retain records of all
monitoring information, including all calibration and maintenance records and all original strip
chart recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports required by
this permit, for a period of at least 3 years from the date of the sample, measurement, report
or application. This period may be extended by request of the Director at any time.
7. Recording Results
For each measurement or sample taken pursuant to the requirements of this permit, the
permittee shall record the following information:
a. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;
b. The individual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements;
c. The date(s) analyses were performed;
d. The individual(s) who performed the analyses;
e. The analytical techniques or methods used; and
f. The results of such analyses. .
I `6

Part Il B-19
Page 12 of 14
8. Inspection and Entry
The permittee shall allow the Director, or an authorized representative (including an authorized
contractor acting as a representative of the Director), upon the presentation of credentials and
other documents as may be required by law, to;
a. Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility'or activity is located or
conducted, or where records must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
b. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the
conditions of this permit;
c. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control
equipment), practices, or operations regulated or required under this permit; and
d. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purposes of assuring permit compliance or
as otherwise authorized by the Clean Water Act, any substances or parameters at any
location.
SECTION E. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
1. Change in Discharge
All discharges authorized herein shall be consistent with the terms and conditions of this
permit. The discharge of any pollutant identified in this permit more frequently than or at a
level in excess of that authorized shall constitute a violation of the permit.
2. Planned Changes
The permittee shall give notice to the Director as soon as possible of any planned physical
alterations or additions to the permitted facility. Notice is required only when:
a. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one of the criteria for determining
whether a facility is a new source in 40 CFR Part 122.29 (b); or
b. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity of
pollutants discharged. This notification applies to pollutarits which are subject neither to
effluent limitations in the permit, nor to notification requirements under 40 CFR Part 122.42
(a) (1)•
c. The alteration or addition results in a significant change in the permittee's sludge use or
disposal practices, and such alternation, addition or change may justify the application of
permit conditions that are different from or absent in the existing permit, including
notification of additional use or disposal sites not reported during the permit application
process or not reported pursuant to an approved land application plan.
3. Anticipated Noncompliance
The permittee shall give advance notice to the Director of any planned changes in the permitted
facility or activity which may result in noncompliance with permit requirements.
15

,art II 6-20
Page 13 of 14
4. Transfers
This permit is not transferable to any person except after notice to the Director. The Director
may require modification or revocation and reissuance of the permittee and incorporate such
other requirements as may be necessary under the Clean Water Act.
5. Monitoring Reports
Monitoring results shall be reported at the intervals specified elsewhere in this permit.
a. Monitoring results must be reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) (See Part H.
D. 2 of this permit) or forms provided by the Director for reporting results of monitoring of
sludge use or disposal practices.
b. If the permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by the permit, using
test procedures specified in Part II, D. 4. of this permit or in the case of sludge use or
disposal, approved under 40 CFR 503, or as specified in this permit, the results of this
monitoring shall be included in the calculation and reporting of the data submitted in the
DMR.
c. Calculations for all limitations which require averaging of measurements shall utilize an
arithmetic mean unless otherwise specified by the Director in the permit.
6. Twenty-four Hour Reporting
a. The permittee shall report to the central office or the appropriate regional office any
noncompliance which may endanger health or the environment. Any information shall be
provided orally within 24 hours from the time the permittee became aware of the
circumstances. A written submission shall also be provided within 5 days of the time the
permittee becomes aware of the"circumstances. The written submission shall contain a
description of the noncompliance, and its cause; the period of noncompliance, including
exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has no been corrected, the anticipated time
it is expected to continue; and steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent
reoccurrence of the noncompliance.
b. The following shall be included as information which must be reported within 24 hours
under this paragraph:
(1) Any unanticipated bypass which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit.
(2) Any upset which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit.
(3) Violation of a maximum daily discharge limitation for any of the pollutants listed by the
Director in the permit to be reported within 24 hours.
c. The Director may waive the written report on a case -by -case basis for reports under
paragraph b. above of this condition if the oral report has been received within 24 hours.
7. Other Noncompliance
The permittee shall report all instances of noncompliance not reported under Part H. E. 5 and 6.
of this permit at the time monitoring reports are submitted. -The reparts-shall -contain the
information listed in Part H. E. 6. of this permit.
Zp

Part II B-21
Page 14 of 14
8. Other Information
Where the permittee becomes aware that it failed to submit any relevant facts in a permit
application, or submitted incorrect information in a permit application or in any report to the
Director, it shall promptly submit such facts or information.
9. Noncompliance Notification
The permittee shall report by telephone to either the central office or the appropriate regional
office of the Division as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next
working day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of the
following:
a. Any occurrence at the water pollution control facility which results in the discharge of
significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic, such as the
dumping of the contents of a sludge digester; the known passage of a slug of hazardous
substance through the facility; or any other unusual circumstances.
b. Any process unit failure, due to !known or unknown reasons, that render the facility
incapable of adequate wastewater treatment such as mechanical or electrical failures of
pumps, aerators, compressors, etc.
c. Any failure of a pumping station,' sewer line, or treatment facility resulting in a by-pass
directly to receiving waters without treatment of all or any portion of the influent to such
station or facility.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in letter form
within 5 days following, fast knowledge of the occurrence.
10. Availability of Reports
Except for data determined to be confidential under NCGS 143-215.3(a)(2) or Section 308 of
the Federal Act, 33 USC 1318, all reports prepared in accordance with the terms shall' be
available for public inspection at the offices of the Division of Environmental Management. As
required by the Act, effluent data shall not be considered confidential. Knowingly making any
false statement on any such report may result in the imposition of criminal penalties as provided
for in NCGS 143-215.1(b)(2) or in Section 309 of the Federal Act.
11. Penalties for Falsification of Reports
The Clean Water Act provides that any person who knowingly makes any false statement,
representation, or certification in any record or other document submitted or required to be
maintained under this permit, including monitoring reports or reports of compliance .or
noncompliance shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per
violation, or by imprisonment for not more than two years per violation, or by both.
ZA

B-22
PART III
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
No construction of wastewater treatment facilities or additions to add to the plant's treatment
capacity or to change the type of process utilized at the treatment plant shall be begun until
Final Plans and Specifications have . been submitted to the Division of Environmental
Management and written approval and Authorization to Construct has been issued.
B. Groundwater Monitoring
The permittee shall, upon written notice from the Director of the Division of Environmental
Management, conduct groundwater monitoring as may be required to determine the
compliance of this NPDES permitted facility with the current groundwater standards.
C. Changes in Discharges of Toxic Substances
The permittee shall notify the Permit Issuing Authority as soon as it knows or has reason to
believe:
a.That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result in the discharge, on a
routine or frequent basis, of any toxic pollutant which is -not limited in the permit, if that
discharge will exceed the highest of the following "notification levels";
(1) One hundred micrograms per liter (100 ug/1);
(2)Two hundred micrograms per liter (200 ug/1) for acrolein and acrylonitrile; five.
hundred micrograms per liter (500 ug/1) for 2.4-dinitrophenol and for 2-methyl-4.6-
dinitrophenol; and one milligram per liter (1 mg/1) for antimony;
(3) Five (5) times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the
permit application.
b. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result in any discharge, on a
non -routine or infrequent basis, of a toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if
that discharge will exceed the highest of the following "notification levels";
(1) Five hundred micrograms per liter (500 ug/1);
- (2) One milligram per liter (1 mg/1) for antimony;
(3) Ten (10) times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the
_ permit application.
D. Requirement to Continually Evaluate Alternatives to Wastewater Discharges,
The permittee shall continually evaluate all wastewater disposal alternatives and pursue the
most environmentally sound alternative of the reasonably cost effective alternatives. If the
facility is in substantial non-compliance with the terms and conditions of the NPDES permit
or governing rules, regulations or laws; the-permittee shall submit a:report in such form and
detail as required by the Division evaluating these alternatives and a plan of action within
sixty (60) days of notification by the Division.
Z, y

B-23
Part III
Permit No. NC0082821
E. CHRONIC TOXICITY PASS/FAIL PERMIT LIMIT (QRTRLY)
The effluent discharge shall at no time exhibit chronic toxicity using test procedures outlined in:
1.) The North Carolina Ceriodaphnia chronic effluent bioassay procedure (North Carolina Chronic
Bioassay Procedure - Revised *September 1989) or subsequent versions.
The effluent concentration at which there may be no observable inhibition of reproduction or
significant mortality is 3% (defined as treatment two in the North Carolina procedure document).
The permit holder shall perform quarterly monitoring using this procedure to establish compliance
with the permit condition. The first test will be performed after thirty days _ from. the effective date
of this permit during the months of February, May, August and November. Effluent sampling for
this testing shall be performed at the NPDES permitted final effluent discharge below all treatment
processes.
All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit condition will be entered on the Effluent
Discharge Monitoring Form (MR-1) for the month in which it was performed, using the parameter
code TGP3B. Additionally, DEM Form AT-1 (original) is to be sent to the following address:
Attention:
Environmental Sciences Branch
North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, N.C. 27607
Test data shall be complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical measurements
performed in association with the toxicity tests, as well as all dose/response data. Total residual
chlorine of the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine is employed for
disinfection of the waste stream.
Should any single quarterly monitoring indicate a failure to meet specified limits, then monthly
monitoring will begin immediately until such time that a single test is passed. Upon passing, this
monthly test requirement will revert to quarterly in the months specified above.
Should any test data from this monitoring requirement or tests performed by the North Carolina
Division of Environmental Management indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this
permit may be re -opened and modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum
control organism survival and appropriate environmental controls, shall constitute an invalid test
and will require immediate retesting(within 30 days of initial monitoring event). Failure to submit
- suitable test results will constitute noncompliance with monitoring requirements.
F. Because the receiving waters eventually enters High Rock Lake, which is eutrophic, minimum
treatment of 15 mg/l total nitrogen and 2 mg/l total phosphorus is RECOMMENDED. More
stringent controls on nutrient imputs may be required in the future.
y3

B-24
PART N
- ANNUAL ADMINISTERING AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING FEE REQUIREMENTS
N
A. The permittee must pay the annual administering and compliance fee it ring fee
e� n 30
(thirty) days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay y
in
accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0105(b)(4) may cause this Division to initiate action to
revoke the permit.
a

B-25
State of North Carolina
rt Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street - Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
James G. Martin, Governor
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary
November 7,1990
MEMORANDUM
TO: NPDES Permit Holders
FROM: Steve Tedder
Water Quality ection Chief
SUBJECT: NPDES Effluent Limitations
George T. Everett, Ph.D.
Director
The Division of Environmental Management has recently received a number of questions
about limitations in NPDES permits. Many permit holders do not understand how or why their
permit limitations can change. For your information, I have enclosed a brief explanation which
should help explain some of the factors affecting permit limitations. Also included are some
reasons why these limitations may change.
If you have any questions on this matter, please do not hesitate to contact Mr. Don Safrit
of the Permits staff or Mr. Trevor Clements of the Modeling staff at 9191733-5083.
Enclosure
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
2�'

B-26
FACTORS AFFECTING WASTE LOAD ALLOCATIONS
ulailon growth and
rth Carolina has experienced rapid."pop
er the past decade No
and better housing
ev.
elo wentWith this growth bag come =ore jobs
industrial d__ P demand on our
0 ortunities• This prosperity has also brought an increasing
PP
's as locations for vastevater discharges. These valets are a
State vaterAdditional discharges,
resource with only limited eapacit; to accept vastevater• atment by the existing
in =any cas • es result in a requirement for upgraded tre
dischargers.
This is an unfortunate side effect of our growth, but it is one that
ou d throughout the -life of your project. -
7► must consider now, an. ons that
on page three . of your APDES permit are the effluent limitati
Beginning p g rotect the eater
you are required to meet. These limitations were derived to p
qualit; it
.our receiving stream under exigtiag.eonditions. The effluent limits
our permit are usually effective throughout the term of the permit•
contained in y P permit (usually five years)
However, these lir:its can change during the term of the p ted in the receiving stream or, (Z) the
if: (1) s Later quality concert. is documen
for facilities with limits based on.effluent guidelines.
federal guidelines change
- o subject to change at the time of
Efflvent liII•its in the permit are als
u5 Pezr�it. This change can result from severa?
seissnee of the I:8DE
factors, for
your immediate area, (2) an increase in tot&A
example; (1) more discharges in our stream,
fitted flog: to your stream, (3) a change in the condition of y
peams our limits
(!�) *an increase in our understanding of your receiving stream. If y
(4 change, you will be responsible for taking the action necessary to ups
rade your
o meet your ne` effluent limits. As the Division becomes avant
treatment facility t provide you with as
_ dischargers. we will p .
of a change in the limitation of existing lane to meet those neL
much notice as is possible so that you can begin making p f
Iim,Ataticns.
76

APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
PR%W:\91-161%CAPAPP.COV Wan. 14, 19941

B-27
LNW'r ENVIRONMENTAL
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
Southern States Fertilizer Plant to Fourth Creek
Statesville, North Carolina
Prepared by: Law Environmental, Inc., and
Canonie Environmental Services Corporation
Prepared for: Southern States Cooperative, Inc.
Richmond, Virginia
September 10, 1992

i
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
4333 WILMONT ROAD, SUITE 300
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28208
P.O. BOX 240674
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28224-0674
704-357-1747 704-357-1622 (FAX)
September 10, 1992
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Attention: Mr. M. Dale Overcash, P.E.
Supervisor, NPDES Permits
Subject: Short Form C-GW - Application for Permit to Discharge
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Southern States Fertilizer Plant to Third Creek
Statesville, North Carolina
LEI Job No. 56-1570.94
Gentlemen:
On behalf of our client, Southern States Cooperative, Inc., Law Environmental Inc. and Canonie
Environmental Services Corporation herewith submit three copies of Short Form C-GW:
Application for Permit to Discharge, and supporting documents.
-- The ground water underlying the Southern States Fertilizer Plant in Statesville, North Carolina
is impacted with nitrates. Southern States Cooperative, through its consultants, Law
Environmental, Inc. and Canonie Environmental Services Corp., is in the process of preparing
a formal Corrective Action Plan (CAP) which will be submitted to the North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources (NCDEHNR) for approval. The
CAP will propose the installation of ground -water pumping wells and discharge of the extracted
water into Fourth Creek.
This document constitutes the application for a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit to discharge ground water impacted with nitrates into Fourth Creek. Discharge
limitations are requested for the proposed discharge location.
�� Drinmd nn Rp vcWl Pang

AM
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources
September 10, 1992
Page 2
The following attachments are included as part of the NPDES permit application:
Attachment I: Completed Short Form C-GW - Application for Permit to Discharge.
II: A summary of background information concerning the site.
III: A brief summary of the Corrective Action Plan concurrently being
prepared for the site.
IV: An engineering proposal conforming to the requirements of 15 NCAC
2H.0105(c).
V: An engineering alternatives analysis conforming to the relevant
NCDEHNR Guidance Document.
A check for $400 made payable to the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources is also attached to cover the permit application processing fee for this project.
Should you have any questions or require additional information, please contact Law
Environmental at [phone].
Sincerely,
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
e
hn P. Driscoll, P.E.
nior Engineer
Th F. Beggs, P.E.
Principal
Registered NC No. 13807
Attachments
cc: Ms. Christine DeRoller
NCDEHNR Mooresville Office

B-30
ATTACHMENT I:
SHORT FORM C-GW - APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE

B-31
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ATTACHMENT I: Completed Short Form C-GW
Application for Permit to Discharge
II: Site Background Information
III: Corrective Action Plan
IV: Engineering Proposal
V: Engineering Alternatives Analysis

B-32
For solvents or unidentified products, an EPA Method 624/625 analysis should be provided,
with the 10 largest peaks, not identified as one of the targeted compounds and not present in
the procedural blank, identified and approximately quantitated. [As per the same guidance
stipulated on NCDEM's "Annual Pollutant Analysis Monitoring (APAM) Requirement - Reporting
Form A," Revised June 19901.
If metals or pesticides are suspected to be present, these should be analyzed to the same detection
level as presented in the NC APAM.
D) The removal efficiency of each compound detected for the proposed project should be provided,
If known.
5.
Name of receiving water FOURTH CREEK
Attach a USGS topographical map with all discharge points clearly marked.
6. Is potential discharge directly to the receiving water? If not, state specifically fic�ally the discharge point.
YES
Mark clearly the pathway to the potential receiving water on the site map. [This includes tracing
the pathway of the storm sewer to its discharge point, if a storm sewer is the only viable means of
discharge.]
7. Amount of treated groundwater to be discharged in gallons per operating day:
144,000_
8. Describe the duration and frequency of the discharge (continuous, intermittent, seasonal)
including the months of discharge, number of days per week of discharge, volume treated
(monthly average flow in gallons per day).
YEAR ROUND — CONTINUOUS
AVERAGE MONTHLY FLOW WILL BE APPROXIMATELY 4.3 MILLION GALLONS
I certify that I am familiar with the information contained in the application and that to the best
of my knowledge and belief such information is true, complete, and accurate.
SAM KOON OPERATIONS MANAGER, CROPS, FARM, AND HOME DIVISION
PRINTED Name of Person Signing Title
SIGNATURE of Applicant Date Application Signed
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6 (b) (2) provides that:
Any person who knowingly makes any false statement representation, or certification in any application,
record, report, plan or other document tiles or required to be maintained under Article 21 or regulations
of the Environmental Management Commission implementing that Article, or who falsifies, tampers with
or knowingly renders inaccurate any recording or monitoring device or method required to be operated
or maintained under Article 21 or regulations of the Environmental Management Commission implementing
that Article, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed $10,000, or by Imprison-
ment not to exceed six months, or by both. (18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides a punishment by a fine of not
more than S 10,000 or imprisonment not more than 5 years, or both, for a similar offense.)

B-33
North Carolina Dept. of Envlronment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management, P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM APPLICATION NUMBER
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT DISCHARGE SHORT FORM C-GW
Date Recervea
To be filed by persons engaged in groundwater
ear r min Day
remediation projects. r(DEM USE ONLY)
Do not attempt to complete this form before reading accompanying instructions.
(Please print or type)
1. Name, address, location, and telephone number of facility producing discharge
A. Name SOUTHERN STATES COOPERATIVE, INC.
B. Mailing address
1.Street address 6606 WEST BROAD STREET
2. City RTCHMOND 3. State VIRGINIA
4-ZIp 23230
C. Location:
I.Street U S HWY. 70 (SIX MILES EAST OF STATESVILLE)
2. City STATESVILLE 3.State NORTH CAROLINA
4. County IREDEL•L
D. Telephone No. ( 704)- 872-6361
E.Nature of business FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING
2. Facility contact
A. Name MR. HILTON M. WITHERS
B. Title MANAGER/ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS C. Telephone No. (804) - 281-1158
3. The application is for in a new permit, ❑permit renewal, ❑permit modification.
SIC 2 s 7 (if known). If application is for renewal or modification, please indicate permit
number: NC00
4. Product(s) recovered GROUND WATER IMPACTED BY NITRATES AND NITRITES (AS NITROGEN) AT INITI1
CONCENTRATIONS OF APPROXIMATELY 140 MG PER LITER.
[Diesel fuel, leaded or unleaded fuel, solvents, etc.]
This application must also include the following:
A) A report of alternatives to surface water discharge as outlined by N.C. Permit and Engineering Unit's
"Guidance for Evaluation of Wastewater Disposal Alternatives." [Required by 15A NCAC 2H .0105 (c)].
B) An engineering proposal detailing the remediation project. [Required by 15A NCAC 21-1.0105 (c)).
C) A listing of any chemicals found in detectable amounts with the maximum observed concentration
reported. The summary of analytical results containing this maximum value should also be
submitted (i.e. the listing, not the graphical scan). The most recent sample must be no older than
one year previous to the date of this application.
For fuel remediation projects, volatile organic compounds should be scanned along with any
suspected fuel additives. The following compounds should be included: benzene*, toluene*,
ethylbenzene*, xylene*, lead , methyl tert-butylether (MTBE), dibromoethane (EDB),
1,2-dichloroethane, isopropyl ether, naphthalene, phenol.
* An EPA approved method capable of detection levels to 1 ppb should be used to detect these
compounds

B-34
ATTACHMENT 11:
SITE BACKGROUND INFORMATION

B-35
SITE BACKGROUND INFORMATION
in support of
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE - SHORT FORM C-GW
Southern States Fertilizer Plant
Statesville, North Carolina
LEI Job No. 56-1570.94
The Southern States Fertilizer Plant is located on U.S. Highway 70 approximately six miles east
of Statesville, North Carolina. The facility was constructed in the 1950s. Southern States
purchased the plant from W. R. Grace & Co. in February 1988.
The manufacturing facility is currently self-contained; process water is recirculated within the
plant without exterior discharge. This is possible because air scrubbers are used to reduce stack
emissions. The scrubbers use a "wet" system, and the scrubber water is consumed in the
granulation process.
Prior to changes in scrubber design approximately 10 years ago, process water was discharged
from time to time. Drainage was to the former ponds located approximately 1,000 feet
southwest of the plant. Modifications to plant processes have been implemented over the past
several years, and waste products appear to be appropriately contained within the manufacturing
facility.
A spill control review was conducted by Law Environmental in February 1990. The report
concluded that the plant possessed adequate spill containment facilities, and the likelihood of a
significant spill appeared to be low.
On December 12, 1989, the NCDEHNR issued a Notice of Violation for the site. The notice
stated that excessive concentrations of nitrate and/or nitrite (expressed as nitrogen) had been
discovered in two NCDEHNR wells at the site. Combined nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen
concentrations were greater than the threshold value of 11 mg/l set forth in Title 15, Subchapter
2L, Section .0202(g) of the North Carolina Administrative Code (15A NCAC 2L). The notice
required submission of specific technical and field data documenting the ground water
conditions.
On January 19, 1990, representatives of Southern States and Law Environmental met with
Messrs. Jesse Wells and Jeff Lautier at the NCDEHNR Mooresville office. All parties agreed
that Law Environmental would construct six ground -water monitoring wells at the site. Two of
the monitoring wells would be extended to bedrock (defined as auger refusal), and four would
be shallow monitoring wells intended to address the lateral extent of nitrogen content. This
initial well installation work was conducted during the period of January 30 through February
7, 1990. A response to the December 12, 1989 Notice'of Violation was presented in Law
Environmental's "Phase I Ground -Water Assessment Report" dated March 29, 1990. Additional
ground water assessment (Phase II) was recommended.

AM
NPDES Permit Application
Attachment II: Site Background Information
Page 2
The Phase II ground -water assessment activities were completed and a "Phase H Ground -Water
Assessment Report" was submitted to NCDEHNR on September 25, 1990. Analytical results
from Phase II analyses indicated that subsurface nitrate/nitrite concentrations had migrated along
a path following surface drainage features. 'In addition, the holding ponds on -site appeared to
have been the source of the impact on ground water at the site. At the time of the Phase II
report submittal, neither the horizontal nor vertical extent of mtrate/nitrite impact had been
defined.
After submission of the Phase H report, permission to drill off -site to the east of the plant was
obtained from the owner of the adjacent property. An off -site monitoring well was installed and
sampled, and the ground water was analyzed for nitrate and nitrite concentrations. The results
of the laboratory analysis of the ground water indicated a nitrate/nitrite level significantly below
the NCDEHNR threshold value. These results were submitted to NCDEHNR on November 19,
1990.
On December 12, 1990, NCDEHNR issued a letter to Southern States requesting additional
(Phase III) site assessment. The letter requested that a deep monitoring well be installed and that
a well survey of surrounding property be conducted.
On April 16, 1991, Law Environmental issued a Phase III -A assessment report describing well
installation and sampling activities conducted at the site. The NCDEHNR responded on May
14, 1991 with a letter stating that site. assessment was approved. The NCDEHNR letter required
submission of a CAP within 60 days, as well as installation of one additional monitoring well
south of the property.
On June 26, 1991, representatives of Southern States met with Ms. Barbara Christian and Ms.
Christine DeRoHer of NCDEHNR. At the meeting, NCDEHNR agreed to grant a 45-day
extension of the submittal date. The NCDEHNR also agreed that the submittal should present
a work plan outlining the steps necessary for the preparation and submittal of a CAP.
On August 30, 1991, the CAP work plan was submitted to NCDEHNR. The work plan
identified specific tasks necessary for the completion of the CAP, along with a schedule for
completion. The tasks included completion of an aquifer pump test and development of a
hydraulic control and ground -water treatment and/or disposal strategy.

B-37
NPDES Permit Application
Attachment II: Site Background Information
Page 3
On October 9, 1991, NCDEHNR issued a letter to Southern States proposing a Special Order
by Consent (SOC) which contained proposed terms. under which the CAP preparation and
submittal were to proceed. These terms included the identification of specific tasks, along with
due dates and associated penalties. On October 31, 1991, representatives of Southern States met
with Ms. Barbara Christian and Ms. Christine DeRoRer of NCDEHNR to discuss the terms of
the SOC. In the meeting, it was agreed that Southern States would initiate the NPDES permit
application process prior to completion and submittal of the CAP, and no later than January 2,
1992. This approach was intended to facilitate assessment of the practicality of the CAP from
an NPDES permit standpoint prior to the submittal of the CAP. This approach was also
intended to minimize NPDES permit related delays in starting site remediation once the CAP
is approved.
Short Form C - Application for Permit to Discharge was submitted to the NCDEHNR by Law
Environmental and Canome Environmental on December 31, 1991. On January 7, 1992, the
NCDEHNR returned the application and requested that it be resubmitted using the recently
developed Short Form C-GW and guidance documents for NPDES engineering proposal and
engineering alternatives analyses.
During the spring and summer of 1992, Law contacted property owners along the route of the
proposed ground -water discharge line to Fourth Creek. All necessary authorizations have been
obtained from property owners to allow placement of the discharge line. Also during this
period, Law obtained encroachment permits for the proposed pipeline from the North Carolina
Department of Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railroad. Copies of these documents
are included herein (Attachment V).
The completed Short Form C-GW is included as Attachment I, as requested in the January 7,
1992 letter from the NCDEHNR.

1
ATTACHMENT III:
CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN

an
CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN
in support of
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE - SHORT FORM C-GW
Southern States Fertilizer Plant
Statesville, North Carolina
LEI Job No. 56-1570.94
The corrective action plan, details of which are currently under development, is based on
pumping impacted ground water from the site and discharging the extracted ground water into
Fourth Creek.
The location of the discharge point and the pipeline route are shown on the enclosed map
(Drawing 1). Authorizations have been obtained from property owners along this route.
Encroachment permits have also been issued by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railroad (refer to Attachments IV and V).
The total flow rate of extracted ground water from the site is not expected to exceed 100 gallons
per minute. Initial nitrate/nitrite concentrations are expected to be approximately 140 mg/liter
(as nitrogen): Concentrations are expected to decrease with time from the initial values.
On December 26, 1991, water samples were collected from Fourth Creek near the proposed
discharge point. The samples were sent to law Environmental National Laboratories and
analyzed for nitrate and nitrite (as nitrogen). The concentration of nitrate (as nitrogen) in the
sample from Fourth Creek was 2.7 mg/l. Nitrite was not detected above the 0.05 mg/l detection
limits.
The United States Geological Survey has calculated a 7Q10 flow rate for Fourth Creek at the
State Road 2316 bridge of 7.3 cubic feet per second (approximately 3,300 gallons per minute).
Based on this flow rate, and the low nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations identified by
recent- sampling, it appears that the stream could accommodate the proposed effluent.
A copy of the Fourth Creek surface water laboratory analyses results and USGS 7Q10
calculations are attached.

Corrective Action Plan Supporting Documents
1 Laboratory Analyses for Surface Water from Fourth Creek
2. USGS 7Q10 Calculations for Fourth Creek

B-41
Laboratory Analysis for Surface Water from Fourth Creek

B-42
_:
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
112 TOWNPARK DRIVE
KENNESAW GEORGIA 30144-5599
4(A421-3400 -
December 30, 1991
Law Environmental, Inc
LakePoint Office Park
4333 Wilmont Road, Suite 300
Charlotte, NC. 28217
Attention: Tom Beggs
LE Job Number: 56-1570 T92
Subject: Chemical analysis of samples received on 12/27/91.
Dear Mr. Beggs:
Law Environmental National Laboratories has completed its analysis
of your samples and reports the results on the following pages.
These results relate only to the contents of the samples as
submitted. This report shall not be reproduced except in full
without the approval of Law Environmental National Laboratories.
If there are any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Sincerely,
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL NATL LABS
'UU�� �- ) F= C .
Cliffor H. McB ide
QC Coordinator
Attachment: Data Report
Invoice

B-43
LAW
ENVIRONMENTAL
NATIONAL LABORATORIES
TEST DATA REPORT
Date 12/30/91
Page 1
--- Project
Information ---
Lab Number :
91-1678-03
Project No. :
56-1570 T92
Cust. No.
Project Name :
SOUTHERN STATES
Manager:
TOM BEGGS
--- Sample
Information ---
Station ID :
4TH CR. BELOW
POTW DISC.
Sampled Date/Time :
12/26/91 15:05
Matrix :
W
Received Date/Time :
12/27/91 09:25
Type :
GRAB
Received From/By :
PGG/LD
Collector :
PGG
Chain of Custody :
8098
Number of Containers :
1
Remarks :
-- Test Data ---
Parameter .............................. Method.... Units PQL....... Results... Test Date Ana:
-- INORGANIC CHEMISTRY RESULTS --
Nitrogen, Nitrate EPA 353.2 mg/l 0.05 2.7 12/27/91 OR
Nitrogen, Nitrite EPA 353.2 mg/l 0.05 ND 12/27/91 OR.
A C�^ V
Signed

LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD
NATI(INAI I ARnRATnRY
8098
C 112 TOWNPARK DRIVE
KENNESAW, GEORGIA 30144
[phone] y�_ j�d'V - v/ ��3
r�
SAMPLING , ,
NAME OF FACILITY: J!C l TIt+E%'� .5'Ti'f 7'iff -5 i%U'Z Ee P44tUT
INFORMATION '7o EA5'i ; �irt%Z=Syicct - c..
STREET ADDRESS: -& ✓Y ��./�
NPDES NUMBER
PROJECT NAME
SOU TH PX Aj 5 7C
JOB NO.
5 G%' ` (o�(v
o
-� ►a-
4 4♦ % o ��"
NZ
AO�♦ ♦♦� n`L�� o� o oti�, �'� � ��\ Qom\ �� ti y��\ �� LENL LAB NO.
SA LE (SIGN
AMPLING flCrE
TIME
c
Co80lBmm
SAMPLE STATION DESCRIPTION
/y� oS
)l
SIN
THIRD CI EElc
3
I
Z
��,
5 -1270
/Ib"ro
5W
Obcc. kivvc ;D07W 'DISC.
3
I
2
v
5' 2,70
BE�o w po Tvu D15� .
TT
I
I
RELINQUISHED BY: p
DATE ! TIyME
RECEIVED BY:
DATE I TIME
RELINQUISHED BY:
RECEIV D BY LABO TCRY:
SIiNATUR
DATE I TIME
i,
SNiNATUA
SIGNATUfiE
SIGNATUfiE
DISTRIBUTION: ORIGINAL AND YELLOW COPIES ACCOMPANY SAMPLE SHIPMENT TO LABORATORY.
PINK COPY RETAINED BY SAMPLERS. YELLOW COPY RETAINED BY LABORATORY.
1EMARKS
SF6 17-mcHEa dorre,
'SOURCE CODES
RECOVERY WELL - RW NPDES DISCHARGE - NO
RCRA MONITORING WELL - MW DRINKING WATER - DW
SOIL / SEDIMENT - SO HAZARDOUS WASTE - HW
SLUDGE -SL SURFACE WATER - SW
NON -AQUEOUS - NA

B-45
USGS 7G10 Calculations for Fourth Creek

B-46
United States Department of the Interior o� • ` * t
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY + `NO"~
Water Resources Division 4OQ+c�s`g'
3916 Sunset Ridge Road
Raleigh, NC 27607
January 10, 1992
Mr. P. Greg Garrett JAN 1 3
�E
Law Environmental, Inc.
P.O. Box 240674 a u�
Charlotte, North Carolina 28224-0674
Dear Mr. Garrett:
In response to your request for low -flow data, the U.S. Geological
[
Survey does not have site -specific data for Third Creek at SR 2362 near
I
Elmwood, North Carolina (station ID 0212001000) or Fourth Creek at SR 2316,
near Statesville, North Carolina (station ID 0212060665)•. The statistics
that are provided on the attached sheet have been computed by techniques
described in U.S. Geological Survey Open -File Report 90-399, "Low -Flow
Characteristics Of Streams In North Carolina." They reflect natural
streamflow conditions and do not account for the effects of any diversion
or regulation that may.be present.
The U.S. Geological Survey.provides timely water -resources
information and data through a variety of scientific and technical
publications and data reports. For many years, the Survey also has
processed special requests for water -resources information free of charge.
Because of the increase in volume of special requests along with budget
reductions imposed by the Gramm -Rudman -Hollings Budget Deficit Reduction
I
Act, the Survey will no longer be able to process special requests free of
charge.
A charge for accessing and processing information has been assessed
to partially offset these costs. Your requested data and an invoice
covering processing costs for these data are attached. Please forward the
I
original bill with your check to the U.S. Geological Survey, Joint Funding
Agreement, P.O. Box 100706, Atlanta, GA 30384.
These data are preliminary and subject to revision pending approval
for publication by the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, and are
made available through our cooperative program of water -resources
investigations with the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources.
1

B-47
P. Greg Garrett, January 10, 1992 Page 2 of 2
If you have any questions regarding this information, please
contact us.
Sincerely,
OD P. M-04M
obtert'R. Mason
Hydrologist
3 Enclosures
Copy to: John N. Morris, Director, DWR, DEHNR
Raleigh, North Carolina
RRM/aef

REQUEST NO: 91536 SITE NO: 2 DATE.: 1/10/92
SOURCE: CONSULTANT ACTION: EXISTING, STREAMFLOW CONDITION:
STATION NUMBER: 0212060665 TYPE STATION: 20
STATION NAME: FOURTH C AT SR2316 NR STATESVILLE, NC
LOCATION: AT SR 2316 AND 4 MI E OF STATESVILLE, NC
LATITUDE: 354633 LONGITUDE: 804745
QUADRANGLE NUMBER: D15SE
COUNTY CODE: 097 STATE CODE: 37 DISTRICT CODE: 37
HYDROLOGIC UNIT CODE: 03040102 NRCD BASIN CODE: 030706
DRAINAGE AREA: 45.5
AVERAGE FLOW: 46. RANGE: cfs to cfs Percent [B]
7Q10 MIN FLOW: 7.3 RANGE: cfs to cfs Percent [ ]
(SUMMER)
30Q2 MIN FLOW: RANGE: cfs to cfs Percent [ ]
7Q10 MIN FLOW: RANGE: cfs to cfs Percent [ ]
(WINTER)
7Q2 MIN FLOW: RANGE: cfs to cfs Percent [ ]
NOTES:
[A] Estimate is based on records collected at or near the site. The range
indicates approximate interval in which the actual value may lie
[B] Estimate is based entirely on runoff observed at nearby streams.
[C] Because of the probable degree of inaccuracy of the estimate only
a range is given.
[D] Approximately.
Streamflow Condition Codes [R] Regulated [N] Natural
***** These data are provisional pending approval by the,Director,USGS ******
EMARKS:
EQUESTOR--LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
b
ata Index -- Entered by: AF
ee charged: 125

r .•
ATTACHMENT IV:
ENGINEERING PROPOSAL

. W
ENGINEERING PROPOSAL
in support of
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE - SHORT FORM C-GW
Southern States Fertilizer Plant
Statesville, North Carolina
(' LEI Job No. 56-1570.94
The following information fulfills the seven requirements of regulation 15 NCAC 2H .0105 (c).
1. ORIGIN, TYPE AND FLOW OF WASTE TO BE DISCHARGED
The proposed discharge effluent will be ground water pumped from an aquifer underlying
the Southern States Fertilizer Plant. This ground water has been impacted with nitrates and
nitrites (as nitrogen) at concentrations which exceed North Carolina dnnkmg water standards.
The expected discharge flow rate will be 100 gallons per minute. Pumping is expected
to last up to 10 years. The total yield will therefore be approximately 500 million gallons.
2. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OPTIONS
Disposal options were considered in accordance with the, NCDEHNit Guidance for
Evaluation of Wastewater Disposal Alternatives. Four discharge disposal alternatives were
considered, as summarized below.
A. Discharge to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works.
B. Discharge to a Subsurface Disposal System.
C. Discharge through a Spray Irrigation System.
D. Discharge to a Flowing Stream.
Information concerning each of these alternatives is presented on the following pages.

B-51
NPDES Permit Application
Attachment IV: Engineering Proposal
Page 2
A. Discharge to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works.
A publicly owned wastewater treatment plant is located approximately one mile northeast of the
site. This facility (The Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant, see Figure 1) accepts
municipal sewage from the city of Statesville.
On February 5, 1992, Law Environmental submitted a letter to the Director of the Fourth Creek
Plant, Mr. Joe Hudson. The letter formally requested that the plant accept ground water
discharged from the nearby Southern States site. Laboratory analyses of representative ground
water samples were included in support of the request. A copy of the letter is attached.
As outlined on the attached response from Mr. Hudson dated February 11, 1992, the Fourth
Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant agreed to consider acceptance of the proposed
discharge. However, the treatment plant set forth several requirements which must be mdt prior
to final acceptance.
On February 26, Law responded to the plant with the following questions:
1. Does the Fourth Creek Treatment Plant have denitrification equipment?
2. Would the Fourth Creek plant treat the Southern States effluent to reduce the nitrate
concentrations prior to discharge to Fourth Creek?
` 3. Would it be necessary for Southern States to pre -treat the ground water prior to
I discharge? If so, what method(s) of pre-treatment would be required?
A meeting between Law Environmental and Mr. Hudson was held on April 1, 1992. During
the meeting, 1&. Hudson indicated that:
1. The plant does not possess denitrification equipment.
l2. The plant would not attempt to reduce nitrate or nitrite concentrations prior to
discharge into Fourth Creek.
3. Pretreatment might be necessary to reduce suspended solids.
A summary of the meeting discussion (dated April 8) is attached. .
' In summary, the Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant does not possess
denitrification equipment. Therefore passage of water through the plant would not enhance
environmental quality. Accordingly, this option of discharge was dropped from further
consideration.
I

B-52
NPDES Permit Application
Attachment IV: Engineering Proposal
Page 3
S. Discharge to a Subsurface Disposal System.
As outlined in the Background Information section of this document, former holding ponds at
the site appear to have been the source of nitratetnitrite impact on ground water. The holding
ponds have now been closed. The goal of remediation at this site will be to extract ground
water and thereby remove impacted water from the site, reducing nitrates/nitrites (as nitrogen)
to concentrations acceptable to the NCDEHNR.
To accomplish this goal, it will be necessary to remove ground water from the site. Reinjection
of the water on -site would be counterproductive to this goal. Moreover, the water could not be
reinjected on -site because on -site soils are fine grained and therefore low in permeability. There
is insufficient open land available (either on -site or on surrounding properties) to accommodate
the anticipated 100 gallon per minute flow rates. I-
Discharge to a subsurface disposal system, or infiltration gallery, was determined to be
environmentally infeasible. This option was therefore dropped from further consideration.
C. Discharge through a Spray Irrigation System.
On June 13, 1991, the NCDEE NR issued non -discharge Permit No. WQ0004556 to Southern
States Cooperative, Inc. The permit authorized spray irrigation of approximately 2.5 million
gallons of water from two former holding ponds at the site. The permit was effective from the
date of issuance through May 31, 1992.
Spray irrigation was conducted at the site on a once -a -week basis during the period of July 11
through August 27, 1991. An area covering approximately 10 acres received the discharge, and
grasses in the area were periodically harvested during the spray cycles to remove nitrogen from
the site. The water in both holding ponds was successfully removed, and the ponds were closed
by removing the former dams and using soil from the dams to backfill low areas.
The spray operation was limited to four hours per week to avoid runoff. The maximum
allowable spray volume was 255,000 gallons per week, and the maximum allowable nitrogen
loading rate was 250 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year.

r ;
PAR Laboratories, Inc.
2217 GRAHAM PARK DRIVE
LABORATORIES. INC. . P.O. BOX 411483
CHARLOTTE, NC 28241-1483
704/588-8333
JANUARY 17, 1990
REFERENCE NO: 90 193
MADE FOR: LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
431 MINUET LANE
CHARLOTTE, NC 28217
ATTENTION: TOM BEGGS
ANALYSES OF: SURFACE WATER SAMPLES; JOB #56-9606.30
MARKED: SOUTHERN STATES PLANT; STATESVILLE, NC & AS LISTED
RECEIVED ON: 01/11/90
ANALYSES:
SAMPLE 1A 1B 2A 2B
pH VALUE 6.3 --- 6.7 ---
(PPM)
FLUORIDE <.1 --- <.1 ---
SULFATES 616 --- 204 ---
IRON .08 --- .18 ---
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 10.80 --- .75 ---
NITRATES as N 12 111 2 <.05
RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED:
PAP, LABORATORIES, INC.
�J-6HN S. RICE
L,)LLABORA T ORY DIRECTOR

Nuilh Carolina
DePari.rltenl of Envirorlimerit, IIealth, <qz Naiiiral
Division of Environmental Management
Groundwater Section r, _t.
P.O. Box 27687 - Raleigh, N.C. 27611
a`�r Jt6
WELL ABANDONMENT RECORD .^
CONTRACTOR Air Drilling Co. REG. NO. 244
1. WELL LOCATION: (Show a sketch of the location on back of form.)
Nearest Town: Stat esvi 114 c , County _ I red ell
(Road, Conirnunity, Subdivist'if
2.OWNER: Tsumas & Thabet
- •r
P.O. Box 288
3. ADDRESS: -R", " LYi 1 1 e
N. .7L'23i7?,..:,
4. TOPOGRAPHY: draw, slope, Hilltop, vallcyifiz'jj}- j
5. USE OF WELL: Water s.ysteMDA`I'E: 6=1_86
6. TOTAL DEPTH: 18 5 DIIIMCI'ER: 611
7. CASING REMOVED:
feet
8. SEALING MATERIAL:
Neat cement
bags of cement —
gals. of water
Other
Type material
diameter
Sand cement
bags of cement -
yds. of sand _
gals. of water
Concrete
Amount 3 yards
9. EXPLAIN METHOD EMPLACEMENT OF MATERIAL.
Poured into well
Quadrangle No.
W°ELi,,,PIAGRAM: Draw a detailed sketch of
¢he well showing total depth, depth and dia-
meter of screens remainitig in the well, gravel
interval, intervals of casing perforations, and
depths and types of fill materials used.
0
I do hereby certify that this well abandonni tit record is tr e and exact.
i
Signature of Contractor or Agent Dale
WELL LOCATION: Draw a location sketch on the reverse of this sheet, show
lion and distance of the well to at least two (2) nearby ref
such as roads, intersections and streams. Identify roads
way road identification numbers.
Submit original to the Division of Environmental Management, one copy to the
and one copy to the owner.
GW-30 Revised 5/ 15/89
i

B-53
NPDES Permit Application
Attachment IV: Engineering Proposal
Page 4
As previously noted, concentrations of approximately 140 mg/1 nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) are
anticipated in the ground -water discharge. Given the permit restrictions (runoff, nitrogen
loading) outlined above, we have determined that the previously permitted 10-acre spray
irrigation system could accommodate flow of only approximately five gallons per minute.
Approximately 200 to 300 acres of usable open land would therefore be required to allow
continuous spray irrigation. This land area is not available either on -site or on surrounding
properties.
Discharge through a spray irrigation system was found to be environmentally infeasible, and this
option was therefore dropped from further consideration.
D. Discharge to a Flowing Stream.
Since the non -discharge alternatives mentioned above were found to be environmentally
infeasible, discharging the Southern States ground water to a flowing stream was evaluated.
Fourth Creek flows west -to -east about 1.5 miles north of the Southern States site. The stream
is classified Class C - aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, and secondary
recreation. Based on 7Q10 flows calculated by the United States Geological Survey, Fourth
Creek meets the requirements for classification as a flowing stream. The 7Q10 flow for Fourth
Creek is sufficient to dilute the nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations to levels commensurate
with Class C standards.
The proposed point of discharge is shown on the attached Figure 1. This discharge point was
chosen because it is at the most easily accessible point on Fourth Creek relative to the Southern
States plant.
A four -inch diameter discharge line could be constructed from the plant eastward along Highway
70 to State Road 2313 (John Long Road). The pipe could then be routed northward, under
Highway 70 and the Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks to State Road 2312 (Buckbee Road), and
northeastward on Buckbee Road to private property adjoining Fourth Creek.
Right -of -Way Encroachment Agreements for this route have been issued by the Department of
Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railroad (copies attached). In addition, the private
property owner (Mr. James W. Davidson) has given written consent for the project. Please refer
to Drawing 1 for a detailed route map. Copies of property owner consent forms for the
proposed route are included in the Engineering Alternatives Analysis, Attachment V of this
submittal.
Summary of Waste Treatment and Disposal Options
In our opinion, discharge to a flowing stream using an NPDES permit is the most
environmentally sound alternative for this project. Non -discharge options have been found to
be environmentally infeasible as outlined above.

B-54
NPDES Permit Application
Attachment IV: Engineering Proposal
Page 5
3. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED TREATMENT WORKS
The proposed effluent will not be treated prior to discharge into Fourth Creels. As previously
noted, the 7Q10 flow of 3,300 gpm will be sufficient to fully assimilate a direct discharge of 100
gpm of ground water without treatment.
4. GENERAL LOCATION MAP
A USGS topographic map showing the location of the Southern . States Facility, as well as the
proposed discharge point at Fourth Creek, is attached as Figure 1.
5. SCALE PLAN OF SITE AND PROPOSED TREATMENT WORKS
A scale plan of the site is attached as Figure 2. The plan shows the proposed ground -water
recovery well locations. Effluent pipes will connect the wells and lead to Highway 70, then
eastward to State Roads 2313 and 2312 and north across private property to Fourth Creek. The
proposed point of discharge is shown on the attached Figure 1. The route is shown in detail on
Drawing 1.
6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MODELING
The Division of Environmental Management has not indicated that requirements of 15 NCAC
2H .0105 (c) (6) are necessary for the purposes of this application.
7. STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL QUALIFICATION
In accordance with North Carolina Statute 143-215.1 (4)b, Southern States Cooperative has
prepared a Statement of Financial Qualification. The letter demonstrates Southern States'
financial ability to complete the activities proposed in this NPDES application, and provides an
annual report to verify financial stability. A copy of the letter is attached:

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B-56
1. Figures

= _ .�77
rco.''.��° !� FOURTH CREEK,`
r I�
,! WATER/WASTEWATER _ ✓ .% i
�!. TREATMENT PLANT'
CC
'SOUTHERN STATES -
�/FERTILIZER PLANT"
l\ SITE:.
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900.
0 2000
EXPLANATION LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
APPROX. SCALE, FT.
PROPERTY BOUNDARY CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
® PROPOSED NPDES DISCHARGE POINT ' PROPOSED NPDES DISCHARGE LOCATION
FOURTH CREEK
SOUTHERN STATES FERTILIZER PLANT
REF.: 1989 U.S.G.S. 7.6 MIN. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS: TA E VILL N RT CARO
LINA
STATESVILLE EAST, AND SHEPHERDS. NORTH,CAROLINA NOTE: ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. J013 NO. 56-1570.94 1 FIGURE 1
W
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V

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LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPOSED RECOVERY WELL LOCATIONS
SOUTHERN STATES FERTILIZER PLANT
STATESVILLE. NORTH CAROLINA °O
JOB NO. 56-1570.94 1 FIGURE 2 co

A•
2. Correspondence with Fourth Creek PubGdy Owned Treatment Works
j
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t

.. ___ _.._ __.. _ __ ••� - �.:.�—cy�.r�su.��. .. _ ...tom-.__ _.—.: -._ .... .f �.+--��.�.'--�-. .. .. ..
April 8, 1992.
Fourth Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant
P. O. Box 1111
Statesville, North Carolina 28677
Attention: Mr. Leawood F. "Joe" Hudson, Jr.
Director
Subject: Summary of Discussion
April 1, 1992 Meeting
Proposed Discharge from Southern States
Fertilizer Plant to the Fourth Creek
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Statesville, North Carolina
LEI Job No. 56-1570.94
Gentlemen:
MMI-VI
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
4333 WILMONT ROAD, SUITE 300
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28217
P.O. BOX 240674
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28224-0674
704-357-1747 704-357-1622 (FAX)
On April 1, 1992, Mr. Thomas Beggs of Law Environmental and Mr. Scott Smith of Canonie
Environmental Services Corporation met with Mr. Hudson and Ms. Carol Rogers, Fourth Creek
Wastewater Pretreatment Coordinator. The purpose of our meeting was to discuss several issues
related to discharge of ground water from the Southern States Fertilizer Plant. This letter serves
to summarize the discussion.
PROJECT BACKGROUND
Law and Canonie are continuing to evaluate the feasibility of discharging ground water from the
Southern States property to the Fourth Creek plant. We anticipate that the site will yield a
maximum of 100 gallons per minute, or approximately 50 million gallons per year. Initial
nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations are expected to be 150 mg/l. Concentrations should
decrease with time, and .the project is expected to continue for up to ten years.
On February 5, 1992, Law submitted a formal request for authorization to discharge nitrogen -
impacted water to the Fourth Creek plant. Detailed inorganic laboratory analyses of the
proposed discharge were included with the request.
(�7 Panted m Recvded PaDer

B-61
n
1
u
7
L
Fourth Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant
April 8, 1992
page 2
The Fourth Creek plant responded to our request in a letter dated February 11. The letter set
forth the following minimum requirements for discharge:
1. Extra -Territorial Agreement to discharge must be executed.
2. Permit to discharge would include the City's option to discontinue acceptance upon
due notice to discharger.
3. Discharger would be billed at current outside sewer rates; $14.32 for the first 300
cubic feet and $4.70 per 100 cubic feet thereafter.
4. Discharger must bear all costs associated with tie-ins.
On February 26, 1992, Law submitted a "request for additional information regarding treatment
plant operations. The request was discussed in detail during our April 1 meeting.
DISCUSSION OF PROPOSED DISCHARGE
Mr. Hudson indicated that the Fourth Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant does not possess
denitrification capability. However, minimal denitrification of nitrogen -impacted water may
occur as a secondary benefit of aeration/clarification processes. The plant does not specifically
attempt to remove nitrates or nitrites. If the Southern States effluent is accepted by the plant,
denitrification would not be attempted by the plant prior to discharge of the water into Fourth
Creek.
The Fourth Creek plant is currently experiencing difficulty with solids in the waste stream. The
policy of the plant is therefore to require pretreatment of effluent accepted from outside sources.
The purpose of pretreatment is to minimize the suspended solids content. Carbon filtration or
similar technology would be acceptable for this purpose.
Mr. Beggs noted that the previously submitted inorganic laboratory analyses may not accurately
represent production well effluent. The previous water samples were drawn from small -diameter
monitoring wells. Production wells pumping continuously for extended periods should produce
less turbid ground water.
Production wells have not yet been installed at the site. Therefore, in an effort to simulate
production conditions, the monitoring wells were resampled using a 45 micron nylon filter to
screen suspended solids. The samples were again analyzed for the inorganic parameters, and
the results have been summarized on the attached table. A copy of this table was provided to
Ms. Rogers for review during the meeting.

B-62
F
Fourth Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant
April 8, 1992
page 3
Mr. Hudson indicated that the Fourth Creek plant would adhere to the policy of pretreatment
by carbon filtration and would reserve the right to inspect pretreatment facilities at any time.
The plant would also require that an access valve be provided at the main treatment plant. The
purpose of the valve would be to give plant personnel immediate flow control if unauthorized
constituents are detected in the effluent.
Trenching procedures for tie-in to the plant were briefly discussed during the meeting. Mr.
Hudson indicated that the tie-in sewer line from Southern States should be routed around the
Fourth Creek facility to the east. The plant has an extensive network of underground utilities,
and installation ' of a sewer line through the plant could be disruptive. Mr. Hudson suggested
that W. Wayne Lambert, Director of Public Works for the City of Statesville, be contacted
prior to sewer line installation.
The meeting was adjourned with the understanding that Law would issue a letter to document
the discussions. We note that a final determination regarding discharge to the Fourth Creek
plant may be delayed several months, pending review of our plans by the North Carolina
Division of Environmental Management.
If there are any questions regarding this letter, or if our understanding of the topics discussed
is inaccurate, please contact us.
attachment
cc: Mr. Scott Smith
Canonie Environmental Services Corporation
Sincerely,
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
Thomas F. Beggs, P.E.
Principal

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64
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
4333 WILMONT ROAD, SUITE 300
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28217
P.O. BOX 240674
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CARMJNA 28224-0674
February 26, 1992 704-357-1747 704-357-1622 (FAX)
1&. Joe Hudson, Director
Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant
P.O. Boa 1111
Statesville, North Carolina 25677
Subject: Request for Additional Information
Proposed Discharge from Southern States
Fertilizer Plant to the Fourth Creek
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Statesville, North Carolina _
IE1 Job No. 56-1570.94
Dear Mr. Hudson:
We have received your February 11, 1992 correspondence; thank -you for responding so quickly
to our Request for Authorization to Discharge Nitrogen -Impacted Ground Water (letter dated
February 5, 1992).
Law Environmental is continuing to evaluate the feasibility of discharging ground water from
the Southern States property to the Fourth Creek treatment plant. As you recall, we anticipate
that the site will yield a maximum of 100 gallons per minute, or approximately 50 million.
gallons per year. Initial nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations are expected to be 150 mg/l.
Concentrations should decrease with time, and the project is aq=ted to continue for up to ten
years.
To assist in our efforts to evaluate the option of discharge to the Fourth Creek Treatment Plant,
we would greatly appreciate your response to the following questions:
1 Does the Fourth Creek Treatment Plant have denitrification equipment?
2. Would the Fourth Creek plant treat the Southern States effluent to reduce the nitrate
concentrations prior to discharge to Fourth Creek?
3. Would it be necessary for Southern States to pre -treat the ground water prior to
discharge? If so, what method(s) of pre-treatment would be required?
,-�Printed on Recycled Pane(

B-65
Mr. Joe Hudson
February 26, 1992
Page 2
We appreciate your continuing assistance and look forward to hearing from you on these
matters.
Sincerely,
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
P. Greg Garrett, E.I.T
Staff Engineer
Thomas F. Beggs, P.E.
Principal

:..
1
Cott Of
tatesuittie
V. (0. Nux 1111 a A—tatesuille. -Nort4 Gzrnlina 28577
February 11, 1992
Mr. Greb Garrett
Law Environmental, Inc.
P. O. Box 240674
Charlotte, NC 28224-0674
Re: Request to Discharge
Southern States Fertilizer Plant
Dear Mr. Garrett:
NOW/suftwaff Mmmm 11timts
7Q4-870-3438
0
Consideration has been given to your request to discharge the referenced water to the
Fourth Creels Wastetreatment Plant.
We are open to considering this favorably after further discussions with you.
In order to assist you in further discussions the following are the minimum requirements
at this time:
1. Extra -Territorial Agreement to discharge must be executed.
2. Permit to discharge will be issued and include the Citys option
to discontinue acceptance upon due notice to discharger.
3. Discharger will be billed at current outside sewer rates which are
at this time $14.32 for the first 300 cu.ft. and $4.70 per
100 cu. ft. after that.
4. Discharger will have to bear all costs associated with tie-ins
(taps, meters, etc.)
1

B-67
If you would like to continue these discussions please call me at 704-878-3438.
Sincerely,
----------------
L. F. "Joe" Hudson, Jr., Director
Water/Wastewater Treatment
LFH/sg
cc: Jack King

11
B-68
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
4333 WILMONT ROAD, SUITE 300
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28217
P.O. BOX 240674
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28224-0674
704-357-1747 704-357-1622 (FAX)
February 5, 1992
Mr. Joe Hudson, Jr.
Director
Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant
P.O. Box 1111
Statesville, North Carolina 28677
Subject: Request for Authorization to Discharge
Nitrogen -Impacted Ground Water
Southern States Fertilizer Plant
Hwy. 70 East, Statesville, North Carolina
LEI Job No. 56-1570.94
Dear Mr. Hudson:
As discussed during our January 21, 1992 meeting, Law Environmental is evaluating
alternatives for disposal of nitrogen -impacted ground water from the Southern States
Fertilizer Plant. The plant is located near your facility on Hwy. 70 East, Statesville, North
Carolina.
This letter serves as a request for authorization to discharge ground water recovered from
the Southern States site to the Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant.
I The ground water removal project is being conducted in cooperation with the North
Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources (NCDEHNR). The
NCDEHNR will establish guidelines for the removal of ground water which has been
impacted by nitrates and nitrites.
Southern States plans to begin ground -water extraction from three recovery wells during
1992. Based on the results of an aquifer pump test, we estimate that the site will yield a
maximum of 100 gallons per minute (approximately 50 million gallons per year). Initial
nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations are expected to be approximately 150 mg/l.
1 Concentrations are expected to decrease with time, and the project is anticipated to continue
for up to -ten. years.
2570-PGG/qh
'� Printed on Rewcled Paper

.•
Fourth Creek Treatment Plant
February 5, 1992
Page 2
In addition to nitrates and nitrites, we have analyzed representative ground -water samples
for a broad range. of inorganic parameters. Laboratory test results are attached for your
review. We note that the samples were collected from monitoring wells at the site. In our
opinion, the Total- Suspended Solids results are not representative of water which will be
drawn from properly designed and fully developed recovery wells.
In an effort to obtain representative ground -water samples to assist you in evaluating our
request, our technicians will resample each monitoring well. The samples will be filtered
in the field using Nalgene pressurized filters (45 micron nylon filter media) to remove
suspended solids. Inorganic parameters will again be analyzed, and laboratory results will
be forwarded to you as they become available.
We hope that the information presented herein will allow you to determine whether ground
water from Southern States can be discharged to -the Fourth Creek. Treatment Plant. If you
have any questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Thank -you for your assistance on this project.
Sincerely,
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
P. Greg Garrett, E.I.T.
Staff Engineer
Thomas F. Beggs, P.E.
Principal
PGG:TFB:syh
1 1570.PGG/syh
1

i
GROUNDWATER INORGANIC RESULTS
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
INORGANICS
Sample Identifications
Concentrations
and
in mg/L
6"Ap
7"A"
7" F"
7" IN
6" E"
7" H"
Average
Calcium, Total
1470
ND
370
142
18.2
11.2
335
Copper, Total
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.025
0.025
0.0083
Iron, Total
4.18
0.14
6.88
ND
0.1
0.32
1.94
Potassium, Total
ND
155
9
19.7
6.58
31.6
37.0
Magnesium, Total
153
9.55
30.5
38.8
5
11
41.3
Manganese, Total
1.04
3.07
1.77
ND
0.015
0.226
1.02
Sodium, Total
8.86
ND
ND
ND
6.39
50.3
10.9
Alaklinity
32
3.5
14.5
56
58
28
32.0
Chloride
1270
129
203
110
ND
597
385
Ammonia, as N
1.5
79.2
ND
ND
ND
14.4
15.9
Nitrite, as N
0.23
0.17
ND
13.8
ND
ND
2.37
Nitrate, as N
455
29.9
163
34.7
2.4
230
153
Phosphate, as P
0.14
ND
1.2
ND
0.34
0.3
0.330
Sulfate
653
327
345
189
ND
1620
522
Total Dissolved Solids
6890
637
2530
757
136
4760
2618
Total Suspended Solids
1650
33
3490
24
6
32
873
pH* -
5.5
5
5.4
7.5
8.8
5.4
6.27
Specific Conductivity"
6880
1350
1810
915
135
4860
2656
Turbidity ' °'
1 1000
1 14
1 1840
1 2
1 0.57
1 4
477
Note:
° pH units
units in umhos/cm
units in NTU
Sampling Date = October 2, 1991
ND = Not Detected
1570/syh

B-71
3. Department of Transporia an Right -of -Way Encroachment Permit
I
0
n

TEL:
Sep 01 92
14:33 No.044 P.02
1
1
JAMFS r. MARTIN
GOVERNOR
T HOMAS J, HAR!iLLSON
SEGRI•1 ARY
COUNTY:
SUBJECT:
lredell
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
P. 0. BOX 47
SHELBY, NC 28150
August 26, 1992
Right of Way Encroachment Agreement
US 70, SR 2313, SR 2312
Southern States Cooperative, Inc.
P. o. Box 26234
Richmond, Virginia 23260
Gentlemen:
DIVISION Of HIGHWAYS
WILLIAM G. MAHLEY, in.. P.E.
STATE HIGHWAY ADV.INISTRA7 0
Attached is approved Right of Way Encroachment Agreement cover-
ing installation of 2000' of 4" PVC SDR21 pipe on US 70, 1200' of 4" PVC
SDR21 pipe on SR 2333, 2900' of 4" PVC SLiR21 pipe on SR 2312, as shown on the
attached map and plan sketch in Iredell County.
Approval is given subject to provisions in the Agreement and
attachments thereto which are made a part of the Agreement.
It would be appreciated if you would advise our District Officc
at Statesville prior to the date of beginning work on this installa-
tion.
The Department of Transportation does not: guarantee the right
of way on this road, nor will it be responsible for any claim for
damages brought by any property owner by reason.of the installation.
Please advise, in writing, when this work has been completed.
Yours very truly,
&..
vLl
R. W. SPAN LFR
DIVISION.ENGINEER.
TWELFTH DIVISION
:lj
cc: Mr. Doug Allison (Attachments)
Mr. J. W. Rand (Attachments)
/
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer

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B-75
1
4. Norfolk Southern Railroad Encroachment Permit

NORFOLK
SOUTHERN
Norfolk Southern Corporation
Transportation Department
1120 W. Washington Street
Greenville. South Carolina 29601
803 255-4335
August 121, 1992 HN/sa
4-6-3-Elmwood, NC
Mr. Thomas F. Beggs
Law Environmental, Inc.
4333 Wilmont Road, Suite 300
Charlotte, NC 26208
Dear Mr. Beggs:
D. N. Zureich
Superintendent
Piedmont Division
W.
Please refer to .yours of May 8, 1992 making application
for a pipeline crossing located at Milepost S-20 plus 1107 feet
to point of switch plus 445.6 feet on spur track, Elmwood, -NC.
This is to advise that the subject crossing has now
been approved by our Engineering Department and an agreement to
cover will be furnished in the near future.
. We ask that you notify the following at least one week
prior to making the installation:
Ms. Sheila M. Howie
[phone]
Mr. A. D. Felty
[phone]
Track Supervisor, J. L. Manning
[phone] or [phone]
With insurance requirements met, an emergency need to
install prior to executing the agreement will be considered by
this office; however, a letter of intent to execute the
agreement must be received. A letter of intent cannot be
accepted if you desire to participate in Norfolk Southern's
Master Railroad Protective Liability Insurance Program.
VeAy truly yours,
Ve
v
N. 42
Superint
Ooeratmg Subsidiaries: Norfolk Southern Railwav Comoany / North American Van Lines. Inc.

B-77
5. Statement Of Financial Qualification

Southern States
B-78
Cooperative, Inc.
6606 West Broad Street
Post Office Box 26234
Richmond. Virginia 23260
Telephone [phone]
Southern
States
August 28, 1992
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
512 N. Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27611
Dear Sir:
In accordance with North Carolina Statute 143-215.1 (4)b, this
letter and the enclosed annual report are submitted to
demonstrate Southern. States Cooperative's financial ability to
complete the activity proposed in our application for a permit
to discharge waste water into waters of the state.
The anticipated costs to construct the proposed system is
appro:-:imately S510,000, and the projected annual costs of
operation are not expected to exceed S100,000 per year.
Favorable consideration of the permit for which this letter is
furnished will be appreciated.
Sipfcer ly,
a an A. Hawkins
enior Vice President
Chief Financial Officer

B-79
141 hwlnW*cftQ&W
Consolidated Balance Sheet, June 30,1991 and 1990
Southern States Cooperative, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Assets
Current assets:
Cash
Receivables, net (Notes 4 and 6)
Inventories (Notes lb and 5)
Refundable income taxes
Prepaid expenses
Deferred income taxes
Deferred charges
Total current assets
Investments and other assets:
Investments:
Finance company (Notes la and 6)
Other (principally cooperatives) (Notes ld and 7)
Receivables (Notes 4 and 6)
Industrial revenue construction fund
Deferred charges
1991 1990
$ 5,296,340 $ 9,509,825
42,432,339
51,445,751
97,890,788
92,304,911
298,662
755,861
5,800,814
5,144,810
3,972,741
2,103,678
592,607
26,605
156,284,291 161,291,441
9,922,703
44,742,800
1,860,928
3,483,399
410,943
9,877,820
42,516,741
1,200,500
372,935
Total investments and other assets 60,420,773 53,967,996
Property, plant and equipment (Notes lc and 8) 190,512,534 179,748,234
Less accumulated depreciation 107,911,737 98,668,561
Property, plant and equipment, net 82,600,797 81,079,673
$ 299,305,861- ` $ 296,339,110
N1

B-80 J"ff A
SOUTHERN
STATES
Liabilities and Stockholders' and Patrons' Equity 1991 1990
Current liabilities:
Short-term notes payable (Note 9)
$ 2,500,000
Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 10) $
2,064,795
970,332
Accounts payable
48,755,152
45,893,255
Accrued expenses:
Environmental remediation (Note 15b)
1,815,495
1,679,194
Payrolls, employee benefits, related taxes and other
14,861,694
16,035,352
Accrued income taxes
10,209
54,907
Dividends payable
677,645
761,586
Patronage refunds payable in cash
1,594,591
1,347,338
Advances from managed member cooperatives (Note 3)
9,294,704
10,333,006
Common stock called for redemption
37,842
Total current liabilities 79,074,285 79,612,812
Long-term debt (Note 10) 86,282,428 85,177,959
Other noncurrent liabilities:
Deferred compensation 1,688,306 1,544,769
Deferred income taxes (Notes le and 13) 4,096,250 3,305,065
Environmental remediation (Note 15b) 483,408 461,486
Miscellaneous 48,742 318,779
Total other noncurrent liabilities 6,316,706 5,630,099
Stockholders' and patrons' equity:
Stockholders' equity:
Capital stock (Note 11):
Preferred 13,382,900 15,319, 700
Common 10,398,740 10,532,741
Total stockholders' equity 23,781,640 25,852,441
Patrons' equity 103,850,802 100,065,799
Total stockholders' and patrons' equity 127,632,442 125,918,240
$ 299,305,861 $ 296,339,.110
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

B-81
Consolidated Statement of Operations
for the years ended June 30, 1991 and 1990
1991
1990
Sales and other operating revenue:
Net purchases by patrons (Note 3)
$861,644,711
$ 788,077,881
Net marketing for patrons
80,644,968
86,438,994
Other operating revenue
2,944,290
2,855,295
945,233,969
877,372,170
Cost of products purchased and marketed
and other operating costs (Notes lb, 7
and 15b)
793,285,711
737,525,282
Gross margin
151,948,258
139,846,888
Selling, general and administrative expenses
137,113,716
127,668,468
Savings on operations
14,834,542
12,178,420
Other deductions (income):
Interest expense (Notes 6, 9 and 10)
12,152,349
11,884,108
Interest income and service charges .
(Note 3)
(3,707,408)
(3,272,422)
Miscellaneous income, net
(2,939,413)
(3,501,046)
5,505,528
5,110,640
Savings before income taxes
9,329,014
7,067,780
Income taxes (Notes le and 13)
2,125,917
1,457,537
Net savings
$ 7,203,097
$ 5,610,243
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
20

B-82
SOUTHERN
STATES
Consolidated Statement of Patrons' Equity
for the years ended June 30, 1991 and 1990
1991
1990
Patronage refund allocations:
Balance, beginning of year
$ 46,731,115
$ 45,183,881
Allocation from net savings for the year
2,294,656
1,938,851
Adjustments to prior year's allocation,
(96,719)
(35,824)
Redemptions
(363,386)
(355,793)
Balance, end of year
48,565,666
46,731,115
Operating capital:
Balance, beginning of year
53,334,684
51,447,369
Savings from operations
7,203,097
5,610,243
Patronage refunds payable in:
Cash
(1,594,591)
(1,347,338)
Patronage refund allocations
(2,294,656)
(1,938,851)
Adjustments to prior year's estimated patronage
refunds, net of income taxes
96,065
41,283
Reduction in common stock and debentures
called for redemption
314,911
1,435,376
Dividends on capital stock:
Preferred, principally $7.50 per share
(1,151,359)
(1,278,490)
Common, $.06 per share
(623,015)
(634,908)
Balance, end of year
55,285,136
53,334,684
Total patrons' equity
$103,850,802
$100,065,799
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
for the years ended June 30,1991 and 1990
1991
1990
Operating activities:
Net savings
$ 7,203,097
$ 5,610,243
Adjustments to reconcile net savings
to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
12,289,376
11,869,722
Deferred income taxes
(1,077,878)
(1,598,252)
Gain on sale of property and equipment
(794,015)
(326,212)
Undistributed earnings of finance company
(44,883)
(55,926)
Noncash patronage refunds received
(1,630,079)
(2,589,828)
Cash provided by current assets and liabilities
-
(Note 16)
2,085,243
949,026
Cash provided by operating activities
18,030,861
13,858,773
Investing activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment
(14,632,681)
(10,501,974)
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment
1,616,196
2,101,183
Acquisition of The Wetsel Seed Co., Inc.
(net of $98,204 cash acquired)
(2,530,355)
Payments received from TCR
2,000,000
Additional investments in other companies
(124,461)
(295,420)
Industrial revenue construction fund
(3,483,399)
Redemption of investments in other companies
26,562
1,015,722
Cash used in investing activities
(16,597,783)
(8,210,844)
Financing activities:
Net decrease in short-term notes payable
(2,500,000)
(1,025,000)
Proceeds from long-term debt
8,168,000
11,500,000
Repayment of long-term debt
(5,969,068)
(9,615,650)
Cash dividends paid
(1,840,385)
(1,992,117)
Patronage refunds paid in cash
(1,347,338)
(1,362,868)
Redemption of patrons' equity
(2,195,706)
(2,033,733)
Proceeds from sale of capital stock
37,934
32,207
Cash used in financing activities
(5,646,563)
(4,497,161)
(Decrease) increase in cash
(4,213,485)
1,150,768
Cash at beginning. of year
9,509,825 -
8,35%057
Cash at end of year
$ 5,296,340
$ 9,509,825
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

� / %&, (, c4aw, el, la (e �1�a, rem VY(4 & w&
1.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:
a. Basis of Presentation - The consolidated financial state-
ments include the accounts of Southern States Cooperative,
Inc. ("Southern States") and its wholly owned subsidiaries
ithe "Company"). Upon consolidation, all significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been elimi-
nated. Southern States' investment in Statesman Financial
Corporation, a SO% -owned finance company, is accounted
for by the equity method (see Note 6).
b. Inventories and Cost of Products Sold - Inventories, except
grain, are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is
determined on various bases, including average, first -in, first -
out, and specific- identification. Inventories of grain are
stated at net market, as adjusted for unrealized gains and
losses on hedged open purchase and sales contracts. Grain
inventories are substantially hedged to minimize risks arising
from market fluctuations. Patronage refunds from supplier
cooperatives in the form of qualified written notices of
allocation are recorded as received and are accounted for as
reductions of cost of products purchased. Nonqualified writ-
ten notices of allocation are not recorded until the cash is
received.
c. Property, Plant and Equipment - Property, plant and
equipment is recorded at cost. The costs of property addi-
tions, major renewals and betterments are capitalized while
the costs of ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to
operations as incurred. The costs of property additions in-
clude interest capitalized during major plant construction.
Depreciation is determined principally by the straight-line
method based on estimated useful lives (buildings and im-
provements - 20 to 40 years; machinery and equipment - 4 to
20 vearsi. Gains and losses on disposition or retirement of
assets are reflected in income as incurred.
d. Investments - Investments, principally in supplier coop-
eratives. are stated at cash invested plus unpaid qualified
written notices of allocation.
e. Income Taxes - For income tax purposes, Southern States
is a nonexempt agricultural cooperative. accordingly, the
Company does not pay income taxes on that portion of
savings paid in qualified written notices of allocation arising
from sales to members, patrons. eligible for membership and
certain other patrons; such savings are included in the
taxable income of these members and patrons. Deferred
income taxes are provided on amounts resulting from timing
differences between financial statement and income tax
reporting of certain income and expenses Iprincipally depre-
ciation, future employee benefits, environmental remediation
costs, inventory costs and bad debts).
f. Employee Retirement Plan - The employees of the Com-
pany are covered under a multiemployer defined benefit
plan. The Company's policy is to fund and expense an
amount equal to the Company's share of the actuarially
determined funding requirement of the plan.
S. Common Stock and Patronage Refunds Payable - South-
em States is an agricultural cooperative operating for the
benefit of its stockholders/members and other patrons. Pur-
suant to its bvlaws, Southern States is obligated to return all
patronage sourced savings for each year, after payment of
dividends on capital stock and reasonable additions to capital
reserves, to such members, patrons eligible for membership
and certain other patrons in proportion to the volume of
business transacted with them during the year. See Note 11
with respect to requirements for membership and common
stock ownership.
h.Reclassifications - Certain reclassifications have been made
to the 1990 financial statements to conform to the 1991
presentation.
2. Acquisition:
Pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Agree-
ment") dated November 30,1989, a wholly owned subsidiary
of Southern States (the "Subsidiary") acquired, in a purchase
transaction, all of the outstanding common stock of The
Wetsel Seed Company, Incorporated ("Wetsel") on January 2.
1990 in exchange for the following consideration:
a. S1,813,900 in cash and $1,736,100 in the Subsidiary's
Series 1 Class A cumulative redeemable 9% preferred stock
(S 100 par value; see Note 11) ("9%, Redeemable Preferred");
b. S537,600 in cash and S512.600 in the Subsidiarv's 9'%n
Redeemable Preferred, placed in escrow and subject to charges
for certain expenses. fees and losses (e.g., losses arising from
environmental matters) ("Losses"), with any.remaining bal-
ance payable to Wetsel's stockholders on December 31,1991;
and
c. Up to $2,400,000 in cash and/or the Subsidiary's 9%
Redeemable Preferred, if anv, if the Subsidiary achieves cer-
tain financial results in the five fiscal years subsequent to July
1, 1989 ("Eamout Merger Consideration").
The Agreement stipulates that Losses in excess of the total
funds available in escrow will reduce the Eamout Merger
Consideration. The Agreement further provides remedies to
the Company or its subsidiaries from Wetsel's stockholders
for anv Losses in excess of anv of the Earnout Merger Consid-
eration. The Subsidiary's 9% Redeemable Preferred is redeem-
able at par value plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, at
the option of either the Subsidiary or the holder, five years
after its issuance.
Effective with the acquisition, the name of the Subsidiary was
changed to The Wetsel Seed Company, Inc. The Company's
consolidated financial statements include the operating re-
sults of the Subsidiary since January 2, 1990.
3. Managed Member Cooperatives:
Under management agreements, Southern States performs
various financial. accounting and management services for
other agricultural cooperatives ("managed member coopera-
tives"). There were 75 and.76 such.,cooperatives at June 30,
1991 and 1990, respectively: These managed member coop-
eratives are owned entirely by their stockholders and patrons
and thus are associated with Southern States solely by man-
agement agreements (the "Agreements"). For services per-

lim
lyaelee
formed, Southern States was reimbursed in the amount of
S3,006,121 in 1991 and $3,079,787 in '1990.
Under the Agreements, cash is advanced by Southern States
(primarily as revolving advances for sales of products) and
excess cash of the managed member cooperatives is advanced
to Southern States. The interest rate charged or credited on
monthly balances of these advances approximates the Na-
tional Bank for Cooperatives' seasonal loan rate. Net interest
income realized by Souther States on net advances totaled
S288,416 and S309,164 in 1991 and 1990, respectively.
Net purchases by patrons include purchases by managed
member cooperatives of approximately $166,000,000 in 1991
and $152,000,000 in 1990.
4. Receivables:
The Company grants credit to farmers and other retail and
wholesale purchasers of agricultural production supplies pri-
marily in Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina,
Virginia and West Virginia. Receivables at year end are as
follows:
1991 1990
Current:
Trade:
.accounts S 97,605,908 S80,295.765
Notes 1,944,920 1,814,884
Advances to managed member
cooperatives (Note 3) 19,722,931 17,010,228
Less receivables sold to
Statesman Financial
Corporation (Note 6) (75,032,589) (46,032,589)
44,241.170 53,088,288
Less allowance for doubtful
accounts (1,808,831) (1,642.537)
Total current receivables S42.432,339 $51,445.751
Noncurrent:
Notes:
Trade S 860,928 S 200,500
TCR (Note 14) 1,000,000 1,000,000
Total noncurrent
receivables S 1,860,928 S 1,200,500
S. Inventories:
Inventories at year end consist of the following:
1991 1990
Finished floods:
Purchased for resale S80,154,230 574,177,669
Manufactured 8,344,450 9,294,552
88,498,680 83,472,221
Materials and supplies 9,392,108 8,832,690
Totals $97,890.788- • ,592,304.911
6. Investment in Finance Company:
Statesman Financial Corporation ("SFC") is a 50%-owned
affiliate of Southern States.
Southern States owns 9,718 shares of Class A preferred stock
which are recorded at their total par value of $9,718,000.
SFC's authorized common stock consists of 690 shares ($100
par value) of which one-half is owned by Southern States and
one-half by 69 managed member cooperatives. Southern
States accounts for its 50% ownership in SFC by the equity
method.
SFC and Southern States are parties to an agreement under
which SFC purchases, with recourse, a portion of Southern
States' receivables. Under the terms of the agreement, South-
ern States pays a fee of 1/8% of receivables sold (subject to a
minimum of $5,000 per month) to SFC. In addition, the
receivables are discounted at an amount sufficient to provide
SFC with revenues equal to at least 100% of interest charges
incurred on related indebtedness. Receivables sold to SFC
totaled $564,014,000 and S503,779,000 for 1991 and 1990,
respectively. The related fees and discounts for 1991 and 1990
were $3,237,000 and $3,044,000, respectively.
SFC has entered into operating lease agreements with South-
ern States whereby Southern States leases computer equip-
ment, an airplane and liquid propane tanks from SFC. The net
book value of the assets leased to Southern States by SFC
totaled $2,784,079 and $126,232 as of June 30, 1991 and
1990, respectively. Total operating lease expenses incurred by
Southern States under the leasing agreements totaled $ 462,000
and S27,000 in 1991 and 1990, respectively.
Southern States' 50% share of SFC's net income has been
included in the Company's consolidated statement of opera-
tions as a reduction of interest expense.
A summary balance sheet and statement of operations for SFC
as of June 30,1991 and 1990 and for the vears then ended are
shown below:
Balance Sheet
1991 1990
Assets
Cash $ 147,254 S 209,522
Receivables:
Receivables purchased from Southern
States Cooperative, Inc. 75,032,589 46,032,589
Installment contracts 7,014,668 7,119,646
Asset -based loans 5,619,997 4,992,699
Southern States Cooperative, Inc. 590,773 618,660
Investment in National Bank for
Cooperatives capital stock 3,182,645 2,983,021
Property, plant and equip-
ment, net 2,823,926 151,386
Other assets 209,023 148,773
Total assets $94,620,875 - $62,256,296.
24

Liabilities and
Stockholders' Equity
1991
1990
Notes payable -National Bank for
Cooperatives:*
Short-term line of credit
S69,696,300
S46,950,000
Term loan
14,300,000
5,000,000
Accounts payable and accrued
expenses
537,878
323,940
Dividends payable
49,077
49,577
Stockholders' equity
10,037,620
9,932,779
Total liabilities and
stockholders' equity
S 94,620,875
S62,256,296
Statement of
Operations
Revenues
S 5.864,606
S 5,196,792
Expenses:
Interest
4,199,956
3,812.525
Other
1,422,949
1,207.508
5.622,905 5.020.033
Income before income taxes 241,701 176,759
Income taxes 86,783 64.906
Net income S 154.918 5 111.853
Southern States' equity
interest S 77,459 5 55,926
•SFC has a Master Loan Agreement with the National Bank for
Cooperatives ("CoBank") that provided for a $70,000,000
seasonal line of credit (subject to certain net worth restric-
tions) and a $15,000,000 term loan at June 30, 1991. The
seasonal line of credit, which expires on December 16, 1991
was reduced to $60,000.000 on August 12, 1991. The line of
credit borrowings of S69,696,300 at June 30, 1991 are due
December 16, 1991 and bear interest at varying rates estab-
lished by CoBank (approximately 7% at June 30, 1991).
Average daily seasonal and term loan borrowings were ap-
proximately $55,730,000 during 1991 and $45,983,000 dur-
ing 1990 and the weighed average interest rates were 7.54%
and 8.28%, respectively, during 1991 and 1990. The
S 14,300,000 term loan is due on December 16,1999 and bears
interest at varying rates established by CoBank (7.25% to
9.65% at June 30, 1991). SFC is required to maintain invest-
ments in CoBank's stock and allocated equities based on
percentages of the average loans outstanding. These invest-
ments are pledged as collateral for the notes payable.
7. Investments in Other Companies:
Investments in other companies consist of the following at
year end: 1991 1990
CF Industries, Inc.
S25,159,577
S25,159,577
National Bank for Cooperatives
6,558,218
6,283,867
Southern States Insurance
-
Exchange
6,978,634
5,689,064
Universal Cooperatives, Inc.
= 3,633,753
3,545,132
Farmers Chemical -Association, Inc.
643,600 .
643,600
Other.Cooperatives
940,369
764,832
Miscellaneous
928.649
430,669
Totals
S44,742,800
S42,516,741
At June 30, 1991 and 1990. the Company's aggregate equity
in the net assets of these investees exceeded the canning value
of such investments by approximately S8,70d,000 and
57,000,000, respectively. Patronage refunds received for 1991
and 1990 were as follows:
1991 1990
CF Industries, Inc.
S 2.966,779
S 1,323,530
National Bank for Cooperatives
321,950
531,740
Southern States Insurance
Exchange
1,283.899
2,026.976
Universal Cooperatives. Inc.
177,241
380,786
Other
196
253
Totals
S 4,750,065.
S 4,263.285
Purchases by Southern States from CF Industries, Inc. and
Universal Cooperatives, Inc. were approximately $70,050.000
and $67,821,000 in 1991 and 1990, respectively.
8. Property, Plant and Equipment:
Property, plant and equipment at year end is summarized as
follows:
1991 1990
Land
S 13,712,777
S 14.946,622
Buildings and improvements
59,558,663
57,292,454
Machinery and equipment
67,794,568
59.202,860
Furniture and fixtures
21,792,862
20.422,161
Automotive equipment
23,324,108
26.770,960
Construction in progress
4,329,556
' 1.113.177
Totals S 190.512.534 S 179.748.234
At June 30, 1991, property, plant and equipment having an
aggregate book value of $8,885,208 was pledged as collateral
under industrial revenue financings (see Note 10).
Included in cost of property, plant, and equipment for 1991
is interest capitalized in the amount of S30,109.
9. Short -Term Notes Payable.
At June 30,1991, the Company had a $ 70,000,000 short-term
line of credit with CoBank and short-term lines of credit with
other institutions totaling $62,000,000 which generally do
not require the maintenance of compensating balances be-
cause credit extension is subject to availability of funds. At
June 30, 1990, short-term notes of S2,500,000 with interest at
8.85% were payable to CoBank.
During 1991, average daily short-term borrowings were ap-
proximately $16,300,000 (maximum outstanding -
$47,500,000) at a weighted average interest rate approximat-
ing 7.28%. During 1990, such borrowings averaged approxi-
mately $14,850,000 (maximum outstanding - $40,000,000)
at a weighted average interest rate approximating 8.67%.
These rates were computed net of patronage refunds received
from CoBank.
ARA
"d
SOUTHERN
craTvc

N�
10.Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt at year end consisted of:
Term note—CoBank due
1999.9.66% and 9.55% at
June 30, 1991 and 1990,
respectively (A)
Term note —Aetna Life Insurance
Company due 2000, 9.25% pe
annum IB)
Industrial revenue financings (C)
Capital lease obligations
Debenture bonds and notes due
through 2001(max. rate 1096)
1991 1990
$48,258,000 S51,100,000
25,000,000 25,000,000
14,914,999 9,845,833
15,493 44,775
158,731 157,683
Total long -tern debt 88,347,223 86,148,291
Less current maturities (2,064,795) (970,332)
Long-term debt due after
one year S86,282,428 585.177,959
(A)The term notes with CoBank are payable S7,950,000 in
1993, S21,058,000 in 1994, $7,950,000 in 1995, $6,700,000
in 1996, $2,200,000 in 1997 and S1,200,000 annually in
1998-1999. Under the terms of the short-term and long-term
loan agreements with CoBank, which provide for interest at
variable rates, the Company is required to maintain invest-
ments in CoBank's capital stock and allocated equities based
on percentages of the average loans outstanding. At June 30,
1991, investments in the amount of S6,558,218 were pledged
as collateral for indebtedness to CoBank.
(B)The Senior Notes, Series A (the "Notes") issued to Aetna Life
Insurance Company and due August 4, 1999 are payable
S1,000,000 annuallv 1992-1996, S2,000,000 in 1997 and
S6,000,000 annually 1998-2000. The Company may prepay
the Notes during the periods ending August 4, 1998 and
.august 4, 1999 at 102% and 101%, respectively, of the
outstanding principal.
(C) Six industrial revenue financings require payments suffi-
cient to enable the industrial development authorities to pay,
as required, the principal, premium, if anv, and interest on
the revenue bonds. The obligations mature serially in the
following annual amounts - S1,038,333 in 1992, $1,073,333
in 1993, S1,098,333 in 1994, $1,633,333 in 1995, S1,213,333
in 1996 and in varying amounts ranging from S500,000 to
S1,620,000 annually in 1997-2006. The obligations bear
interest at rates ranging from 5.00% to 8.25%.
Long -tern debt maturing within each of the four fiscal years
after June 30, 1992 is as follows: 1993 - S10,042,515; 1994 -
S23,167,727; 1995 - S10,595,921; and 1996 - S8,927,239.
Under the most restrictive outstanding debt agreement, the
Company is required to maintain, at fiscal year end, on a
consolidated basis: (a) working capital of at least S65,000,000;
(b) a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of at least 1.6
to 1; (c) net worth of at least 39% of total assets and not less
than S 115,000,000; and (d) a ratio of adjusted long-term debt
to net worth not to exceed .75 to 1.
11.Capital Stock:
Southem States' authorized capital stock consists of 20,000,000
shares of common stock (S1 par value); 200,000 shares of
cumulative preferred stock (S 100 par value), issuable in series,
the redemption of which is limited to 20,000 shares annually;
and 130,000 shares of NC Redeemable Preferred Stock ($100
par value). The Subsidiary has authorized 22,487 shares of 9%
Redeemable Preferred ($100 par value) (see Note 2). The NC
Preferred Stock is nonvoting (except as provided by statute),
is junior to other existing preferred stock but prior to the
common stock, and has fixed preferences as to dividends and
liquidation: Such shares are subject to mandatory redemp-
tion by Southern States-18,600 shares (S1,860,000) annually
July 15, 1992 through July 15, 1995 and 18,400 shares
(S1,840,000) on July 15, 1996 at par value plus any accrued
and unpaid dividends. The 9% Redeemable Preferred is re-
deemable at par value plus any accrued and unpaid dividends,
at the option of either the Subsidiary or the holder, five years
after its issuance.
Southern States' authorized common stock is membership
common stock and, pursuant to the requirements of the
Agricultural Cooperative Association Act of Virginia and the
Company's Articles of Incorporation and bylaws, its issuance
or transfer is limited to bona fide producers of agricultural
products and cooperative associations that are owned and
controlled by such producers who use the services or supplies
of Southern States. Dividends on Southern States' common
stock are limited annually to 6% of its aggregate par value.
Each member, regardless of the number of shares of common
stock registered in the member's name, is entitled to one vote
in the affairs of the Company. Under various circumstances
the Company repurchases common stock from its members
at par value plus declared and unpaid dividends, if any. In the
event of liquidation or other disposition of the Company's
assets, the holders of common stock, after satisfaction of
obligations to holden of all preferred stock, would be entitled
to receive a maximum of S 1 per share (par value) plus declared
and unpaid dividends, if any.

m
Changes in preferred stock ($100 par) and common stock 61 par) during 1990 and 1991 were as follows:
7 1/2%
9%
5%-6% Preferred
Redeemable NC Preferred
Redeemable Preferred
Common
Aggregate
Aggregate
aggregate
Aggregate
Shares
Par Value
Shares
Par Value
Shares
Par Value
Shares
Par Value
Balances,
June 30, 1989
20,204
$2,020,400
130,000
S13,000,000
11.202,627
S11,202,627
Issued
272
27,200
1
22,487
S2.248.700
5,007
5,007
Redeemed
(1,166)
(116,600)
(18,600)
(1,860,000)
(674,893)
(674.893)
Balances,
June 30, 1990
19,310
1,931,000
111,400
11,140,000
22.487
52.248,700
10.532,741
10.532,741
Issued
281
28,100
9,834
9,834
Redeemed
(1,049)
(104,900)
(18,600)
(1,860.000)
(143,835)
(143.835)
Balances,
June 30, 1991
18,542
S1,854.200
92.800
- $9,280,000
22.487
S2.248.700
10.398.740
S10,398,740
12. Employee Benefit and Compensation Plans:
Southern States sponsors a multiemplover defined benefit
retirement plan (the "Plan") which is noncontributory and
includes substantially all employees of Southern States and 75
managed member cooperatives. For 1991 and 1990, Southern
States' expenses, including administrative expenses, were
S2,705,756 and S2,497,380, respectively. A comparison -of
accumulated benefits and net assets of the Plan, as estimated
by the Plan's actuary, is presented below. The information
relating specifically to Southern States' employees is not
available.
Actuarial present value of plan
benefits:
Vested
Nonvested
Total benefits
Net assets available
for benefits
July 1
1990 1989
S 63,722,232 S60,903,825
2,462,446 1,971,306
S 66,184,678 S62.875,131
S80,193,688 S75,636,510
Under Southern States' 401(k) plan, Southern States matches
employee contributions and may make discretionary contri-
butions. Employee contributions are matched to the extent of
40% of the participant's first 3% contributed and 15% of the
next 2% contributed. Southern States' matching contribu-
tions for 1991 and 1990 were $474,883 and $334,125, respec-
tively. Effective January 1,1991, the Subsidiary profit sharing
plan was merged into the Southern States' 401(k) plan (See
Note 2).
Southern States provides certain medical and life insurance
benefits for retired employees. Substantially all of Southern
States' employees may become eligible for those benefits,
generally upon attaining normal retirement age while em-
ploved by Southern States. Those and similar benefits for
active employees are provided through an insurance com-
pany whose premiums are based on benefits paid. Southern
States recognizes the cost of providing these benefits by
expensing the annual insurance premiums. For 1991, the
premiums for retired employees were S22,266 for life insur-
ance and S827,303 for medical insurance. For 1990, such
premiums were S19,815 and $335,020, respectively.
In December 1990, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.106,
"Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other
Than Pensions" ("SFAS 106"). The new standard requires
companies to accrue the cost of such benefits, primarily
health care and life insurance, during the employee's period
of service rather than the current practice of recognizing costs
as claims are paid. The standard must be adopted during the
Company's 1994 fiscal year. The Company has not com-
pleted the complex analyses required to, determine the full
impact of SFAS 106; however, the Company believes that
even though adoption will most likely result in higher em-
ployee benefit expense, adoption will not impact cash flow
and will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's
financial position.
Southern States has in effect other compensation plans for
key management and retail branch personnel under which
current and deferred awards, based principally on operating
results, are made. The aggregate charge to operations with
respect to these plans"approxirtiated'S1,095,000 in 1991 and
$1,121,000 in 1990.
SOUTHERN
C"rot,mv

;•
N�
13. Income Taxes:
Income taxes are composed of the following:
1991 1990
Current:
Federal S 2,813,767 S 2,607,754
State 390,028 448,035
Total current 3,203,795 3,055,789
Deferred federal and state (1,077,878) (1,598,252)
Total S 2,125,917 S 1.457,537
The significant differences between the U.S. federal statutory
income tax rate and the effective income tax rate are as
follows:
1991 1990
Statutory federal income tax rate 34.0% 34.0'bf)
Patronage refunds deduction (14.2) (15.8)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit 1.7 2.1
Other, net 1.3 0.3
Effective tax rate 22.8% 20.60A)
The Company has deferred adoption of Statement of Finan-
cial Accounting Standards No. 96, "Accounting for Income
Taxes" ("SFAS 96"). When adopted, SFAS 96 will change the
method of calculating the provision for income taxes, but will
have no impact on actual tax payments. Based on statutory
income tax rates currently in effect, management does not
expect that the adoption of SFAS 96 will have a significant
impact on the Company's financial position or future net
income.
14. Texas City Refining Investment:
On June 30,1988, Texas City Refining, Inc. ("TCR") (33-1/3%
owned by Southern States) sold its refinery segment, which
represented a substantial portion of TCR's operations, to
Phibro Refining - Texas City, Inc. ("Phibro"), an affiliate of
Hill Petroleum Company, for S33,000,000. The sale agree-
ment provided for contingent compensation to TCR of up to
$5,000,000 based upon future prices of crude oil and up to
S15,000,000 based upon future profits of the refinery sold to
Phibro. As of June 30, 1991 crude oil prices did not meet the
prescribed levels for contingent compensation, therefore
relieving Phibro of the obligation to make the S5,000,000
contingent payment to TCR. The remaining $15,000,000 of
contingent compensation will be payable to TCR after June
30,1993 if the conditions of the sale agreement are met. The
Company has a $1 million receivable from TCR which it
expects to recover from TCR's disposition of its remaining
assets (See Note 4).
IS. Commitments and Other Matters:
a. Leases - Southern States is a partyto an agreement whereby
an investment company (the "Owner") constructed, on land
owned by Southern States and leased to the Owner for a 70-
year term expiring in 2048, a headquarters building for lease
to Southern States. Under the terms of the building lease,
Southern States is obligated to pay rent I net of income from
the land rental) based upon the cost of the building and
executory costs such as insurance, maintenance and property
taxes. This operating lease has an initial term of 30 years,
expiring in October 2008, and contains options allowing
Southern States to renew the lease for two additional five-year
periods and to purchase the building, at certain times through-
out the lease, at the greater of the building's original cost or
its then fair market value as defined in the lease. Should
Southern States not exercise its purchase option by the
expiration of the building lease, the Owner has options,
exercisable throughout the remaining term of the land lease,
to purchase the land at its then fair market value.
In addition, the Company leases transportation, data process-
ing and other equipment under operating leases expiring
generally during the next five years. Rental expense approxi-
mated 56,594,000 in 1991 and S6,565,000 in 1990.
The Company's approximate minimum lease commitments
under noncancellable operating leases, less noncancellable
subleases, are as follows:
Office Building
Year
Equipment
Lease
Subleases Totals
1992
S3,439,000
5 736,000
S(600,000) S 3,575;000
1993
2.315,000
736.000
(157,000) 2,894,000
1994
2,100,000
740,000
2,840.000
1995
1,175,000
742,000
1,917,000
1996
678,000
742,000
1,420,000
Thereafter
253,000
9.096.000
9,349,000
b. Other Matters -The Company's 1991 and 1990 consoli-
dated statement of operations -includes a provision in cost of
products purchased and marketed and other operating costs
of $2,008,700 and S3,122,707, respectively, to cover esti-
mated environmental remediation costs. The unpaid por-
tion of such costs totaled S2,298,903 and $2,140,680 at June
30, 1991 and 1990, respectively, and is included as a liability
in the Company's consolidated balance sheet for the respec-
tive years. The remaining actual environmental remediation
liability•may be different from management's estimates due
to: the uncertainty of the extent of pollution, the complexity
of laws and government regulations and their interpretation,
the varying costs and effectiveness of alternative cleanup
technologies and methods, the uncertain level of insurance
or other types of recovery, and the questionable level of the
Company's involvement.
The Company is a defendant in several lawsuits arising in the
ordinary course of business. While the outcome of any
litigation cannot -be predicted with certainty, the Company.
believes that the ultimate disposition of these matters will
not have a materially adverse effect on its consolidated
financial position or business.
At June 30, 1991, commitments for the construction and
acquisition of plant and equipment totaled approximately
S7,280,000.
38

16. Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
The components of cash provided by (used in) current assets
and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions of Wetsel, follow:
1991
1990
Receivables $ 8,352,984
$ (1,897,031)
Inventories (5,585,877)
6,120,694
Refundable income taxes 457,199
391,773
Prepaid expenses (656,004)
(413,062)
Accounts payable 1,697,095
(7,101,779)
Accrued expenses (1,060,133)
4,514,604
Other (net) (1,120,021)
(666,173)
S 2,085,243
$ 949,026
To the Board of Directors
Southern States Cooperative, Inc.
Cash payments for interest (net of amounts capitalized) were
S12,238,025 and S12,010,410 for 1991 and 1990, respec-
tively. Cash payments for income taxes were $2,791,294 and
$3,078,067 for 1991 and 1990, respectively.
Southern States' acquisition of Wetsel included the following
cash and noncash transactions:
Fair value of net assets acquired, including
acquisition costs of $277,059
Cash acquired
9% Redeemable Preferred issued to sellers
Cash. paid
We have audited the consolidated balance sheet of Southern States Cooperative, Inc.
and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of June 30, 1991 and 1990, and the related
consolidated statements of operations, patrons' equity, and cash flows for the years
then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility. of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements
based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.
An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating
the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material
respects, the consolidated financial position of Southern States Cooperative, Inc. and
subsidiaries as of June 30, 1991 and 1990, and the consolidated results of their
operations and their cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles.
Richmond, Virginia
September 16,1991
S 4,877,259
(98,264)
(2,248,700)
S 2,530,355
SOUTHERN
arsTrc

B-91
ATTACHMENT V
ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS

ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS
in support of
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE - SHORT FORM C-GW
Southern States Fertilizer Plant
Statesville, North Carolina
LEI Job No. 56-1570.94
I. GENERAL INFORMATION
A. Facility Lgformation
Southern States Fertilizer Plant
Iredell County
Route 1, Box 639
Highway 70 East
Statesville, North Carolina 28677
Report prepared by Thomas F. Beggs, P.E.
Registered North Carolina No. 13807
Law Environmental, Inc.
4333 Wilmont Road, Suite 300
Charlotte, North Carolina 28208
Phone: [phone]
B. Descr4 on of Proposed Discharge Fac7ity
The proposed discharge facilities will consist of pumps to extract ground water from three
recovery wells at the site. Four -inch diameter pipes will convey the water from the site to the
proposed discharge point at Fourth Creek. The water will not be treated prior to discharge.
C. Wastewater Ti eahncnt Plant Service
The project will not be served by a wastewater treatment plant.
D. Phased Development
The project will not include phased development.

B-93
NPDES Permit Application
Attachment `!: Engineering Alternatives Analysis
Page 2
II. EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
FEASIBILITY OF DISCHARGE ALTERNATIVES
A. Evaluation of Envirorunental Feasibility
Disposal options were considered in accordance with the NCDEHNR Guidance for Evaluation
of Wastewater Disposal Alternatives. Four discharge disposal alternatives were considered, as
summarized below.
1. Discharge to a Publicly Owned -Treatment Works.
2. Discharge to a Subsurface Disposal System.
3. Discharge through a Spray Irrigation System.
4. Discharge to a Flowing Stream.
Information concerning each of these alternatives is presented on the following pages.
1. Discharge to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works.
a. Existing Sewerage System
A publicly owned wastewater treatment plant is located approximately one mile northeast of the
site. This facility (The Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant, see Figure 1) accepts
municipal sewage from the city of Statesville.
On February 5, 1992, Law Environmental submitted a letter to the Director of the Fourth Creek
Plant, Mr. Joe Hudson. The letter formally requested that the plant accept ground water
discharged from the nearby Southern States site. Laboratory analyses of representative ground
water samples were included in support of the request. A copy of the letter is attached.
As outlined on the attached response from Mr. Hudson dated February 11, 1992, the Fourth
Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant agreed to consider acceptance of the proposed
discharge. However, the treatment° plant set forth several requirements which must be met prior
to final acceptance.

B-94
NPDES Permit Application
Attachment V: Engineering Alternatives Analysis
Page 3
On February 26, Law responded to the plant with the following questions:
1. Does the Fourth Creek Treatment Plant have denitrification equipment?
2. Would the Fourth Creek plant treat the Southern States effluent to reduce the nitrate
concentrations prior to discharge to Fourth Creek?
3. Would it be necessary for Southern States to pre -treat the ground water prior to
discharge? If so, what method(s) of pre-treatment would be required?
A meeting between Law Environmental and Mr. Hudson was held on April 1, 1992. During
the` meeting, Mr. Hudson indicated that:
1. The plant does not possess denitrification equipment.
2. The plant would not attempt to reduce nitrate or nitrite concentrations prior to
discharge into Fourth Creek.
3. Pretreatment might be necessary to reduce suspended solids.
A summary of the meeting discussion (dated April 8) is attached.
In summary, the Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant does not possess
denitrification equipment. Therefore passage of water through the plant would not enhance
environmental quality. Accordingly, this option of discharge was dropped from further
consideration.
b. Planned Sewerage System
The City of Statesville municipal government operates two wastewater treatment plants; one is
on Third Creek approximately three miles west and upgradient of the Southern States site, and
one is on Fourth Creek approximately one mile northeast of the site. The nearer facility (on
Fourth Creek) was constructed in 1981 and was recently expanded.
The Assistant Director for both plants is Mr. Steven Lambert. On February 6, 1992, we
discussed with Mr. Lambert future City plans for wastewater treatment. Mr. Lambert indicated
that the recent expansions of Fourth Creek plant were designed to provide sufficient capacity for
many years. Therefore, no new wastewater treatment plants are planned for construction within
the next five years. Furthermore, no expansion of treatment plant technology is planned to
provide denitrification capabilities.
2. Discharge to a Subsurface Disposal System.
As outlined in the Background Information section of this document (Attachment I% former
holding ponds at the site appear to have been the source of mtrate/nitrite impact on ground
water. The holding ponds have now been closed. The goal of remediation at this site will be
to extract ground water and thereby remove impacted water from the site, reducing
nitrates/nitrites (as nitrogen) to concentrations acceptable to the NCDEHNIL

NPDES Permit Application
Attachment V: Engineering Alternatives Analysis
Page 4
To accomplish this goal, it will be necessary to remove ground water from the site. Reinjection
of the water on -site would be counterproductive to this goal. Moreover, the water could not be
reinjected on -site because on -site soils are fine grained and therefore low in permeability. There
is insufficient open land available (either on -site or on surrounding properties) to accommodate
the anticipated 100 gallon per minute flow rates.
Discharge to a subsurface disposal system, or infiltration gallery, was determined to be
environmentally infeasible. This option was therefore dropped from further consideration.
3. Discharge through a Spray Irrigation System.
On June 13, 1991, the NCDEHNR issued non -discharge Permit No. WQ0004556 to Southern
States Cooperative, Inc. The permit authorized spray irrigation of approximately 2.5 million
gallons of water from two former holding ponds at the site. The permit was effective from the
date of issuance through May 31, 1992.
Spray irrigation was conducted at the site on a once -a -week basis during the period of July 11
through August 27, 1991. An area covering approximately 10 acres received the discharge, and
grasses in the area were periodically harvested during the spray cycles to remove nitrogen from
the site. The water in both holding ponds was successfully removed, and the ponds were closed
by removing the former dams and using soil from the dams to backfill low areas.
The spray operation was limited to four hours per week to avoid runoff. The maximum
allowable spray volume was 255,000 gallons per week, and the maximum allowable nitrogen
loading rate was 250 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year.
As previously noted, concentrations of approximately 140 mg/1 nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) are
anticipated in the ground -water discharge. Given the permit restrictions (runoff, nitrogen
loading) outlined above, we, have determined that the previously permitted 10-acre spray
irrigation system could accommodate flow of only approximately five gallons per minute.
Approximately 200 to 300 acres of usable open land would therefore be required to allow
continuous spray irrigation. This land area is not available either on -site or on surrounding
properties.
Discharge through a spray irrigation system was found to be environmentally infeasible, and this
option was therefore dropped from further consideration.

MI.
NPDES Permit Application
Attachment V: Engineering Alternatives Analysis
Page 5
B. Review of EnvirrvnmentaaFeanbMy
Each of the three discharge alternatives outlined above have been found to be environmentally
infeasible. Therefore, we have considered the option of discharging recovered ground water to
Fourth Creek under an NPDES permit. The environmental feasibility of this option is outlined
below.
C. Discharge to a Flowing Sbearn
The nearest flowing stream is Fourth Creek. Fourth Creek flows west -to -east about 1.5 miles
north of the Southern States site. - The stream is classified Class C - aquatic life propagation and
survival, fishing, wildlife, and secondary recreation. Based on 7Q10 flows calculated by the
United States Geological Survey, Fourth Creek meets the requirements for classification as a
flowing stream. The 7Q10 flow for Fourth Creek is sufficient to dilute the nitrate/nitrite (as
nitrogen) concentrations to levels commensurate with Class C standards.
The proposed point of discharge is shown on the attached Figure 1. This discharge point was
chosen because it is at the most easily accessible point on Fourth Creek relative to the Southern
States plant.
A four -inch diameter discharge line could be constructed from the plant eastward along Highway
70 to State Road 2313 (John Long Road). The pipe could then be routed northward, under
Highway 70 and the Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks to State Road 2312 (Buckbee Road), and
northeastward on Buckbee Road to private property adjoining Fourth Creek.
Right -of -Way Encroachment Agreements for this route have been issued by the Department of
Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railroad (copies attached). In addition, the private
property owner (Mr. James W. Davidson) has given written consent for the project. Please refer
to Drawing 1 for a detailed route map. Copies of property owner consent forms for the
proposed route are attached.
111. COST ESTIMATION AND COMPARISON
Only one of the four discharge alternatives was found to be environmentally feasible. Therefore
cost estimations .and- comparisons .were not performed.

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EXPLANATION LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
APPROX. SCALE, FT.
PROPERTY BOUNDARY, CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPOSED NPDES DISCHARGE POINT PROPOSED NPOES DISCHARGE LOCATION
FOURTH CREEK
SOUTHERN STATES FERTILIZER PLANT
REF.: 1969 U.S.G.S. 7.5 MIN. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS: STATESVILLE, N2RTH CAROLINA
STATESVILLE EAST. AND SHEPHERDS. NORTH,CAROLINA NOTE: ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. JOB NO. 56-1570.94 1 FIGURE
m

B-102
r
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
4333 WILMONT ROAD, SUITE 300
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28217
P.O.80X 240674
April 8, 1992 CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28224-0674
704-357-1747 704-357-1622 (FAX)
Fourth Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant
P. O. Box 1111
Statesville, North Carolina 28677
Attention: Mr. Lenwood F. "Joe" Hudson, Jr.
Director
Subject: Summary of Discussion
April 1, 1992 Meeting
Proposed Discharge from Southern States
Fertilizer Plant to the Fourth Creek
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Statesville, North Carolina
LEI Job No. 56-1570.94
Gentlemen:
On April 1, 1992, Mr. Thomas Beggs of Law Environmental and Mr. Scott Smith of Canonie
Environmental Services Corporation met with Mr. Hudson and Ms. Carol Rogers, Fourth Creek
Wastewater Pretreatment Coordinator. The purpose of our meeting was to discuss several issues
related to discharge of ground water from the Southern States Fertilizer Plant. This letter serves
to summarize the discussion.
- PROJECT BACKGROUND
Law and Canonie are continuing to evaluate the feasibility of discharging ground water from the
Southern States property to the Fourth Creek plant. We anticipate that the site will yield a
maximum of 100 gallons per minute, or approximately 50 million gallons per year. Initial
nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations are expected to be 150 mg/l. Concentrations should
decrease with time, and the project is expected to continue for up to ten years.
On February 5, 1992, Law submitted a formal request for authorization to discharge' nitrogen -
impacted water to the Fourth Creek plant. Detailed inorganic laboratory analyses of the
proposed discharge were included with the request.

B-103
Fourth Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant
April 8, 1992
page 2
The Fourth Creek plant responded to our request in a letter dated February 11. The letter set
forth the following minimum requirements for discharge:
1. Extra -Territorial Agreement to discharge must be executed.
2. Permit to discharge would include the City's option to discontinue acceptance upon
due notice to discharger.
3. Discharger would be billed at current outside sewer rates; $14.32 for the first 300
cubic feet and $4.70 per 100 cubic feet thereafter.
4. Discharger must bear all costs associated with tie-ins.. -
On February 26, 1992, Law submitted a request for additional information regarding treatment
plant operations. The request was discussed in detail during our April 1 meeting.
DISCUSSION OF PROPOSED DISCHARGE
Mr. Hudson indicated that the Fourth Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant does not possess
denitrification capability. However, minimal denitrification of nitrogen -impacted water may
occur as a secondary benefit of aeration/clarification processes. The plant does not specifically
attempt to remove nitrates or nitrites. If the Southern States effluent is accepted by the plant,
denitrification would not be attempted by the plant prior to discharge of the water into Fourth
Creek.
The Fourth Creek plant is currently experiencing difficulty with solids in the waste stream. The
policy of the plant is therefore to require pretreatment of effluent accepted from outside sources.
The purpose of pretreatment is to minimize the suspended solids content. Carbon filtration or
similar technology would be acceptable for this purpose.
Mr. Beggs noted that the previously submitted inorganic laboratory analyses may not accurately
represent production well effluent. The previous water samples were drawn from small -diameter
monitoring wells. Production wells pumping continuously for extended periods should produce
less turbid ground water.
Production wells have not yet been installed at the site. Therefore, in an effort to simulate
production conditions, the monitoring wells were resampled using a 45 micron nylon filter to
screen suspended solids. The samples were again analyzed for the inorganic parameters, and
the results have been summarized on the attached table. A copy of this table was provided to
Ms. Rogers for review during the meeting.

B-101
2. Correspondence with Fourth Creek Publicly Owned Treatment Works

B-104
Fourth Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant
April 8, 1992
page 3
Mr. Hudson indicated that the Fourth Creek plant would adhere to the policy of pretreatment
by carbon filtration and would reserve the right to inspect pretreatment facilities at any time.
The plant would also require that an access valve be provided at the main treatment plant. The
purpose of the valve would be to give plant personnel immediate flow control if unauthorized
constituents are detected in the effluent.
Trenching procedures for tie -into the plant were briefly discussed during the meeting. Mr.
Hudson indicated that the tie-in sewer line from Southern States should be routed around the
Fourth Creek facility to the east. The plant has an extensive network of underground utilities,
and installation of a sewer line through the plant could be disruptive. Mr. Hudson suggested
that Mr. Wayne Lambert, Director of Public Works for the City of Statesville, be contacted
prior to sewer line installation.
The meeting was adjourned with the understanding that Law would issue a letter to document
the discussions. We note that a final determination regarding discharge to the Fourth Creek
plant may be delayed several months, pending review of our plans by the North Carolina
Division of Environmental Management.
If there are any questions regarding this letter, or if our understanding of the topics discussed
is inaccurate, please contact us.
Sincerely,
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
Thomas F. Beggs, P.E.
Principal
attachment
cc: Mr. Scott Smith
Canonie Environmental Services Corporation

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------- B-1-06
LAIN ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
4333 WILAAONT ROAD, SUITE 300
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28217
P-0. BOX 240674
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28224-0674
February 26, 1992 704-357-1747 704-357-1622 (FAX)
Mr. Joe Hudson, Director
Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant
P.O. Box 1111
Statesville, North Carolina 28677
Subject: Request for Additional Information
Proposed Discharge from Southern States
Fertilizer Plant to the Fourth Creek
Wastewater Treatment Plant _
Statesville, North Carolina
LEI Job No. 56-1570.94
Dear Mr. Hudson:
We have received your February 11, 1992 correspondence; thank -you for responding so quickly
to our Request for Authorization to Discharge Nitrogen -Impacted Ground Water (letter dated
February 5, 1992).
Law Environmental is continuing to evaluate the feasibility of discharging ground water from
the Southern States property to the Fourth Creek treatment plant. As you recall, we anticipate
that the site will yield a maximum of 100 gallons per minute, or approximately 50 million
gallons per year® Initial nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations are expected to be 150 mg/l.
Concentrations should decrease with time, and the project is expected to continue for up to ten
years -
To assist in our efforts to evaluate the option of discharge to the Fourth Creek Treatment Plant,
we would greatly appreciate your response to the following questions:
1. Does the Fourth Creek Treatment Plant have denitrification equipment?
2. Would the Fourth Creek plant treat the Southern States effluent to reduce the nitrate
concentrations prior to discharge to Fourth Creek?
3. Would it be necessary for Southern States to pre -treat the ground water prior to
discharge? If so, what method(s) of pre-treatment would be required?
12,

B-107
Mr. Joe Hudson
February 26, 1992
Page 2
We appreciate your continuing assistance and look forward to hearing from you on these
matters.
Sincerely,
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
P. Greg Garrett, E.I.T
Staff Engineer
Thomas F. Beggs, P.E.
Principal

. (0. Nox 1111 • fttttesuille. _Xurtll (rttrulina 28677
February 11, 1992
!L-. Greg Garrett
Law Environmental, Inc.
P. O. Box 240674
Charlotte, NC 28224-0674 -
Re: Request to Discharge
Southern States Fertilizer Plant
Dear Mr. Garrett:
Raw/Bastemater ((treatment Plants
7114-970-3438
Consideration has been given to your request to discharge the referenced water to the
Fourth Creek Wastetreatment Plant.
We are open to considering this favorably after further discussions with you.
In order to assist you in further discussions the following are the minimum requirements
at this time:
1. Extra -Territorial Agreement to discharge must be executed.
2. Permit to discharge will be issued and include the Citys option
to discontinue acceptance upon due notice to discharger.
3. Discharger will be billed at current outside sewer rates which are
at this time $14.32 for the first 300 cu.ft. and $4.70 per
100 cu. ft. after that.
4. Discharger will have to bear all costs associated with tie-ins
(taps, meters, etc.)

B-109
If you would like to continue these discussions please call me at 704-878-3438.
Sincerely,
L. F. "Joe" Hudson, Jr., Director
Water/Wastewater Treatment
LFH/sg
cc: Jack King
I
I

iz B-110
o
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
4333 WILMONT ROAD, SUITE 300
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28217
P.O. BOX 240674
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28224-0674
704-357-1747 704-357-1622 (FAX)
February 5, 1992
Mr. Joe Hudson, Jr.
Director
Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant
P.O. Box 1111
Statesville, North Carolina 25677
Subject: Request for Authorization to Discharge
Nitrogen -Impacted Ground Water
Southern States Fertilizer Plant
Hwy. 70 East, Statesville, North Carolina
LEI Job No. 56-1570.94
Dear Mr. Hudson:
As discussed during our January 21, 1992 meeting, Law Environmental is evaluating
alternatives for disposal of nitrogen -impacted ground water from the Southern States
Fertilizer Plant. The plant is located near your facility on Hwy. 70 East, Statesville, North
Carolina.
This letter serves as a request for authorization to discharge ground water recovered from
the Southern States site to the Fourth Creek Water/Wastewater Treatment Plant.
The ground water removal project is being conducted in cooperation with the North
Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources (NCDEHNR). The
NCDEHNR will establish guidelines for the removal of ground water which has been
impacted by nitrates and nitrites.
Southern States plans to begin ground -water extraction from three recovery wells during
1992. Based on the results of an aquifer pump test, we estimate that the site will yield a
maximum of 100 gallons per minute (approximately 50 million gallons per year). Initial
nitrate/nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations are expected to be approximately 150 mg/l.
Concentrations are expected to decrease with time, and the -project is anticipated to continue
for up to ten years.
1570-PGG/qb

B-111
1
Fourth Creek Treatment Plant
February 5, 1992
Page 2
In addition to nitrates and nitrites, we have analyzed representative ground -;water samples
for a broad range of inorganic parameters. Laboratory test results are attached for your
review. We note that the samples were collected from monitoring wells at the site. In our
opinion, the Total Suspended Solids results are not representative of water which will be
drawn from properly designed and fully developed recovery wells.
In an effort to obtain representative ground -water samples to assist you in evaluating our
request, our technicians will resample each monitoring well. The samples will be filtered
in the field using Nalgene pressurized filters (45 micron nylon filter media) to remove
suspended solids. Inorganic parameters will again be analyzed, and laboratory results will
be forwarded to you as they become available.
We hope that the information presented herein will allow you to determine whether ground
water from Southern States can be discharged to the Fourth Creek Treatment Plant. If you
have any questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Thank -you for your assistance on this project.
PGG:TFB:syh
3570-PGG/ryh
Sincerely,
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
P. Greg Garrett, E.I.T.
Staff Engineer
Thomas F. Beggs, P.E.
Principal

GROUNDWATER INORGANIC RESULTS
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
INORGANICS
Sample Identifications
Concentrations
and
in mg/L
6"A"
7"A"
7" F"
7" I"
6" E"
7" H"
Average
Calcium, Total
1470
NO
370
142
18.2
11.2
335
Copper, Total
NO
ND
ND
NO
0.025
0.025
0.0083
Iron, Total
4.18
0.14 ,
6.88
ND
0.1
0.32
1.94
Potassium, Total
NO
155
9
19.7
6.58
31.6
37.0
Magnesium, Total
153
9.55
30.5
38.8
5
11
41.3
Manganese, Total
1.04
3.07
1.77
ND
0.015
0.226
1.02
Sodium, Total
8.86
NO,
NO
ND
6.39
50.3
10.9
Alaklinity
32
3.5
14.5
56
58
28
32.0
Chloride
1270
129
203
110
ND
597
385
Ammonia, as N
1.5
79.2
ND
NO
NO
14.4
15.9
Nitrite; as N
0.23
0.17
NO
13.8
NO
ND
2.37
Nitrate, as N
455
29.9
163
34.7
2.4
230
153
Phosphate, as P
0.14
ND
1.2
NO
0.34
0.3
0.330
Sulfate
653
327
345
189
NO
1620
522
Total Dissolved Solids
6890
637
2530
757
136
4760
2618
Total Suspended Solids
1650
33
3490
24
6
32
873
pH*' .1
5.5
5
5.4
7.5
8.8
5.4
6.27
Specific Conductivity"
6880
1350
1810
915
135
4860
2656
Turbidity "'
1000
1 14
1 1840
1 2
1 0.57
1 4
477
Note:
• pH units
units in umhos/cm
"• units in NTU
Sampling Date = October 2, 1991
NO =..Not Detected
N
1570/syh

B-113
3. Department of Transportation Right -of -Way Encroachment Permit

TEL: Sep 01 92 14:63 No.044 F.0.21
,IAMI-S r. MARTIN
GOVERNOR
T HOMAS J. HArt ELSON
SEC,Rl-1 ARY
COUNTY: lredel1
.►�rptp
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
P. O. BOX 47
SHELBY, NC 28150
August 26, 1992
SUBJECT: Right of Way Encroachment Agreement
US 70, SR 2313, SR 2312
`xvthern States Cooperative, Inc.
P. O. Box 26234
Richmond, Virginia 23260
Gentlemen:
B-114
DIVISION Or HIGHWAYS
WILLIAM G. MANLEY. in.. P.E,
STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRA7 011
Attached is approved Right of Way Encroachment Agreement cover-
ing installation of 2000' of 4" PVC SDR21 pipe_ on US 70, 1200' of 4" PVC
SDR21 pipe on SR 2313, 2'?00' of 4" PVC SDR21 pipe on SR 2312, as shown on the
attached map and plan sketch in Iredell County.
Approval is given subject to provisions in the Agreement and
attachments thereto which are made a part of the Agreement.
It would be appreciated if you would advise our District Office
at Statesville prior to the date of beginning work on this installa-
tion.
The Department of Transportation does not guarantee the right
of way on this road, nor will it be responsible for any claim for
damages brought by any property owner by reason of the.installation.
Please advise, in writing, when this work has been completed.
Yours,very truly,
R. W. SPAN >;FR 0
DIVISION ENGINEER
TWELFTH.. -DIVISION
:lj
cc: Mr. Doug Allison (Attachments)
Mr. J. W. Rand (Attachments)
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer

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Q r.•I. Nw M Iw. .1 .••IrwR M• n«:•r
■ r•r`Iwr \'wr..l, wrM w uw\r •• .•.rl.. • w'n .. lr..•, rw rr, w. '
twv N wY
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1. •w . •. r ol•�.i ..r•r.ar•.ra o«i,. ,n-. wu .. r .. ,w rr .r n•.1..• •»,► ,. hl✓► ,
1 il�.ww..w.r.ltrww•wt,w.•r. I.-.n. s.�..~. .~i:�.i •r ut.w.
• 1 rlt•.,w w•n•.1 Nritw. A rwO«1 ✓-n M trlN .rRw r,l •.rf..n w, <Nr. +••rrw.r ..• w1 1.
• . � :� •w' nl.r� w�w4[ � �i�w 1 s. 1. «i✓ vn I..�a ..I.w. .r I rw•r r« n •4.'. wv •n11�.
wlrt•I w rM •r Nrr 1 •v r n W.1.. n •r •r it rw'wn.
' ' •11 rlw .t+r...l•.r wwr 1.1 .r•ra Ww rl ,r .,.•.rwNwr'1•u.M Arr rrr•ar1. '
/. �. �IN i �.. r'wi. � w�lr.'i r.il� w w.�. .�•..�' �.rr r rw «•r r w[rr[Ir rr w•
•.Iwwr Iwlf M.+•• Mr•• r \r wl••y rrr .. wlrl •. .• I MY14r..
w4rA lr wl. rt•rrr. - .

B-117
4. Norfolk Southern Railroad Encroachment Permit

B-118
NORFOLK - • -_-- -
SOUTHERN
Norfolk Southern Corporation D. N. Zureich
- Transportation Department i_ _ .-. .. _ - • - Superintendent
Division
1120 W. Washington StreetM__-__
Greenville, South Carolina 29601
803 255-4335
.August 12, 1992 HN/sa
4-6-3-Elmwood, NC
Mr. Thomas F. Beggs
Law Environmental, Inc.
4333 Wilmont Road, suite 300
Charlotte, NC 28208 _
Dear Mr. Beggs:
Please refer to yours of May 8, 1992 making application
for a pipeline crossing located at Milepost s-20 plus 1107 feet
to point of switch plus 445.6 feet on spur track, Elmwood, -NC.
This is to advise that the subject crossing has now
been approved by our Engineering Department and an agreement to
cover will be furnished in the near future.
We ask that you notify the following at least one week
prior to making the installation:
Ms. Sheila M. Howie
[phone]
Mr. A. D. Felty
[phone]
Track supervisor, J. L. Manning
[phone] or [phone]
With inn,.=ance requirements =at, an emergency need to
install prior to executing the agreement will be considered by
this office; however, a letter of intent to execute the
agreement must be received. A letter of intent cannot be
accepted if you desire to participate in Norfolk Southern's
Master Railroad Protective Liability Insurance Program.
v truly yours,
101
. N. Z reic
superintend
Ooeranna Subsidiaries- Nnrfnik Snutharn Andwnv C:mmnnnv / Nnrth Arnprinnn Van I inac Inc

B-119
S. Letters of Authorization from Properly Owners

B-120
R.D. Monroe Inc. (and Building Tenant, Jefferson Smurfit/CCA)

04i30/92 13:15 001
B-121
Southwn am"
CoopwatWo. inc.
66M West Broad Street
Post Office Box 26234
Richmond. Virginia 23260
Telephone [phone]
CPU a
wouthern
April 21, 1992 States
C 2-
Dear OL—.t Sir- :
Southern States Cooperative is planning to install a four -inch
diameter underground water line from its property on Highway 70
to Fourth Creek. The line will run along Highway 70 from the
Southern States Fertilizer Plant eastward to John Long Road.
The line will then be drilled under Highway 70 and the Norfolk
Southern Railroad, following John Long Road northward to Fourth
Creek. The proposed route is shown on the attached drawing.
The line will be installed on North Carolina Department of
Transportation right-of-way. However, the NCDOT has suggested
that we get approval for the work from property owners along the
proposed route.
The pipeline will be carefully placed in an excavated trench
that is six -inches wide and thirty -inches deep. After the pipe
is located in the trench, the excavation will be carefully
backfilled with compacted soil. Any damage'to your yard or
pavement caused by this work will be repaired by Southern States
at its expense. we will do our best to leave your yard in the
same condition as it was before the excavation. Our field crew
will not obstruct traffic to your property, and the water line
will not interfere with your existing utilities.
Southern States appreciates you working with us and asks that
you sign this letter in the space below indicating your
permission for Southern States to construct the water line as
described in the letter.
Sincerely,
ameb* A. Greene
Manager
Statesville Fertilizer Plant
DATE: S_ 9- - Z
SIGNED BY:
TITLE: �ir.••.
COMPANY:

B-122
Soutlw n otuft
Coopwatiw. Inc.
6606 west Broad Street
Post Office Box 26234
Richmond, Virginia 23260
Telephone [phone]
April 21, 1992
77
Dear Mr z 5--, e #U fF :
0
Southern
States
Southern States.Cooperative is planning to install a four -inch
diameter underground water line from its property on Highway 70
to Fourth Creek. The line will run along Highway 70 from the
Southern States Fertilizer Plant eastward to John Long Road.
The line will then be drilled under Highway 70 and the Norfolk
Southern Railroad, following John Long Road northward to Fourth
Creek. The proposed route is shown on the attached drawing.
The line will be installed on North Carolina Department of
Transportation right-of-way. However, the NCDOT has suggested
that we get approval for the work from property owners along the
proposed route.
The pipeline will be carefully placed in an excavated trench
that is six -inches wide and thirty -inches deep. After the pipe
is located in the trench, the excavation will be carefully
backfilled with compacted soil. Any damage to your yard or
pavement caused by this work will be repaired by Southern States
at its expense. We will do our best to leave your yard in the
same condition as it was before the excavation. Our field crew
will not obstruct traffic to your property, and the water line
will not interfere with your existing utilities.
Southern States appreciates you working with us and asks that
you sign this letter in the space below indicating your
permission for Southern States to construct the water line as
described in the letter.
Sincerely,
ames A. Greene
Manager
Statesville Fertilizer Plant
DATE:
'�) 14,
SIGNED By:
TITLE: jJ��'T`,C�r rilGrl�-%IQ
COMPANY: — C

B-123
Furst McNess Company

south..n lstos
B -12 4
Coopwadw.Inc. '
6606 West Broad Street
Post Office Box 26234
Richmond, Virginia 23260
Telephone [phone]
Southem
States
April 21, 1992
Firs � R (A" G.
Dear Mr : RIDDLE
Southern States Cooperative is planning to install a four -inch
diameter underground water line from its property on Highway 70
to Fourth Creek. The line will run along Highway 70 from the
Southern States Fertilizer Plant eastward to John Long Road.
The line will then be drilled under -Highway 70 and the Norfolk
Southern Railroad, following John Long Road northward to Fourth
Creek. The proposed route is shown on.the attached drawing.
The line will be installed on North Carolina Department of
Transportation right-of-way. However, the NCDOT has suggested
that we get approval for the work from property owners along the
proposed route.
The pipeline will be carefully placed in an excavated trench
that is six -inches wide and thirty -inches deep. After the pipe
is located in the trench, the excavation will be carefully
backfilled with compacted soil. Any damage to your yard or
pavement caused -by this work will be repaired by Southern States
at its expense. We will do our best to leave your yard in the
same condition as it was before the excavation. Our field crew
will not obstruct traffic to your property, and the water line
will not interfere with your existing utilities.
Southern States appreciates you working with us and asks that
you sign this letter in the space below indicating your
permission for Southern States to construct the water line as
described in the letter.
games
cerely,
A. Greene
Manager --
Statesville Fertilizer Plant
DATE: 4/29/92
SIGNED BY:
TITLE:- Plant Manager
COMPANY: Furst-McNess Company

B-125
American Homes, Inc.

southern stu"
B -12 6
Cooperative. Inc.
6606 West Broad Street
Post Office Box 26234
Richmond. Virginia 23260
Telephone B04 281-1000
i
Southem
April 21, 1992
States
Ak%,\ e/),C_.Ck� �
4�,7 7o
Dear Mr A
Fr-c l % e
Southern Stat s Cooperative is planning to install a four -inch
diameter underground water line from its property on Highway 70
to Fourth Creek. The line will run along Highway 70 from the
Southern States Fertilizer Plant eastward to John Long Road.
The line will then be drilled under Highway'70 and the Norfolk
Southern Railroad, following John Long Road northward to Fourth
Creek. The proposed route is shown on the attached drawing.
The line will be installed on North Carolina Department of
Transportation right-of-way. However, the NCDOT has suggested
that we get approval for the work from property owners along the
proposed route.
The pipeline will be carefully placed in an excavated trench
that is six -inches wide and thirty -inches deep. After the pipe
- is located in the trench, the excavation will be carefully
backfilled with compacted soil. Any damage to your yard or
pavement caused by this work will be repaired by Southern States
at its expense. We will do our best to leave your yard in the
same condition as it was before the excavation. Our field crew
will not obstruct traffic to your property, and the water line
will not interfere with your existing utilities.
Southern States appreciates you working with us and asks that
you sign this letter in the space below indicating your
permission for Southern States to construct the water line as
described in the letter.
Sincerely,
SIGNE
James A. Greene TITLE
Manager
Statesville.Fertilizer Plant COMPA
UN

6-127
Wayside volunteer Fire Department

B-128
souto nn Stan.
Coopwativa. Inc.
6606 West Broad Street
Post Office Box 26234
Richmond, Virginia 23260
Telephone [phone]
Souther
States
April 21, 1992
Z SG,77
Dear Mr R
yy
Southern St-
s Coopferative is planning to install a four -inch
diameter underground water line from its property on Highway 70
to Fourth Creek. The line will run along Highway 70 from the
Southern States Fertilizer Plant eastward to John Long Road.
The .line will then be drilled under Highway 70 and the Norfolk
Southern Railroad, following John Long Road northward to Fourth
Creek. The proposed route is shown on the attached drawing.
The line will be installed on North Carolina Department of
Transportation right-of-way. However, the NCDOT has suggested
that we get approval for the work from property owners along the
proposed route.
The pipeline.will be carefully placed in an excavated trench
that is six -inches wide and thirty -inches deep. After the pipe
is located in the trench, the excavation will be carefully
backfilled with compacted soil. Any damage to your yard or
pavement caused by this work will be repaired by Southern States
at its expense. We will do our best to leave your yard in the
same condition as it was before the excavation. Our field crew
will not obstruct traffic to your property, and the water line
will not interfere with your existing utilities.
Southern States appreciates you working with us and asks that
you sign this letter in the space below indicating your
permission for Southern States to construct the water line as
described in the letter.
Si rely, DATE:
SIGNED BY:
es A. Greene TITLE:,�,,.o.
Manager.
Statesville Fertilizer Plant COMPANY: &)A4fS,1iiq_ (CFI)` rA. _

B-129
Montgomery Industries

southern stam
Cooperetim Inc.
6606 west Broad Street
Post Office Box 26234
Richmond, Virginia 23260
Telephone [phone]
April 21, 1992
/OAj 1 ��/Y'IP✓c� i�l/4-562
r �5
Dear Mr ' /G
B-130
-
- Southern
_ States
Southern States Cooperative is planning to install a four -inch
diameter underground water line from its property on Highway 70
to Fourth Creek. The line will run along Highway 70 from the
Southern States Fertilizer Plant eastward.to John Long Road.
The line will then be drilled under Highway 70 and the Norfolk
Southern Railroad, following John Long Road northward to Fourth
Creek. The proposed route is shown on the attached drawing.
The line will be installed on North Carolina Department of
Transportation right-of-way. However, the NCDOT has suggested
that we get approval for the work from property owners along the
proposed route.
The pipeline will be carefully placed in an excavated trench
that is six -inches wide and thirty -inches deep. After the pipe
is located in the trench, the excavation will be carefully
backfilled with compacted soil. Any damage to your yard or
pavement caused by this work will be repaired by Southern States
at its expense. We will do our best to leave your yard in the
same condition as it was before the excavation. Our field crew
will not obstruct traffic to your property, and the water line
will not interfere with your existing utilities.
Southern States appreciates you working with us and asks that
you sign this letter in the space below indicating your
permission for Southern States to construct the water line as
described in the letter.
nc rely,�
lames A. Greene
'/Manager
Statesville Fertilizer Plant
DATE: b , / I - f Z
SIGNED BY:
TITLE: V19' 0' Aer-f 4i .3
COMPANY:

UonaW S. and Mary T. GMiam, Jr.
L.
B-131

B-133
Mr. Justin Davidson

B-135
Mr. James W. Davidson

APPENDIX C
LIFT STATION AND PIPELINE DESIGN CALCULATIONS
—� PR\WA91-181\CAPAPP.COV Won. 14, 19941 CanonleEnvironmentat

! . r).rtj!. -,:

HDPE PIPING SYSTEM, DESIGN
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
INDEX
Item
I Page No.
Six-inch HDPE Pipeline Stress Analysis Due to External Loads
C-17
A. Pipe wall stress against crushing at the horizontal
diameter spring line
C-18
B. Pipe wall stress against buckling between 10:00
am and 2:00 pm at crown
C-18 to C-19
Pipe Installation
C-20
Thermal Expansion and Contraction of HDPE Pipe
C-20
Clean -out Ports
C-20 to C-21
Pipe Outlet Riprap Blanket for Scouring Protection at Fourth
Creek
C-21 to C-23
Flowmeter and Pit
C-24 to C-29
Joint Between the 4-Inch Steel Pipe and 6-Inch SDR-11 HDPE
Pipe
C-30
Pipe Bends at Points B and E
C-30 to C-31
Pipe Bends at Point C
C-31 to C-32
Sketch No.
Title
Page No.
1
Pipeline Profile
C-33
2
Pipeline Plan
C-34
3
Smith Loveless Co. Pump Selection Chart
C-35
4
Pump Performance Curve
C-36
5
Smith Loveless Co. Wet Well Pump Layout
C-37
6
Trench Details
C-38
7
Jacking Pipe Profile Under Highway 70 and
Norfolk Southern Railroad Embankments
C-39
PR%W:191-181WDPE.IND [Jan. 28,19941
I
CanonleEnvironmental

1
7
i
Lj
I
) Li
HDPE PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
INDEX
Sketch No.
Title
Page No.
8
Cleaning Port Details
C-40
9
Frost Penetration Map
C-41
10
Riprap Blanket Layout
C-42
11
Flowmeter Pit Plan
C-43
12
Flowmeter Pit Section
C-44
13
Pipe Bend Plan at Point B
C-45
14
Pipe Bend Plan at Point C
C-46
MWA91-181WDPUND [Jan. 29, 19941
Can®nleEnviro=ental

Darcy-Weisbach:
hr = f (.0)(2�)
Colebrook -White:
C-2
1=_2bg(2.51 + e/D)
ff Re ff 3.7
Where:
hf = Friction head loss
D = Inside diameter
V = Velocity
g = Gravitational acceleration
f = Friction factor
E = Smoothness factor, the smoothness factor for Driscopipe is
E = 7x 10-6ft
Re = Reynolds number
L = Length of HDPE pipe
By knowing the inside diameter of a pipe size and the flow rate (gpm), the nominal
velocity can be calculated.
,,,(Din)2
12
7.4�9PM)8z 60 - KftlSeC) 4
or Q = 2.449 VD2
Where:
Q = Gallons per minute from wet well
V = Velocity (ft/sec)
D = I.D. (inches)
V = 0.408 ( )
D
MWA91-161MPEXAL (Jon. 28, 1oe41
CanonleEnviro=ental

C-3
Driscopipe No. 1000 series
Dimensions (in)
SDR,
Allowable
Standard
Maximum
Pipe
Pipe
Dimension
Fluid Pressure,
Weight
Nominal
Approx.
Min. Wall
Size
Ratio
PSI @ 73.40F
(Ibs/ft)
OD
ID
Thickness
E-6
11
160
2.23
4.500
3.682
0.409
11
160
4.84
6.625
5.421
0.602
SDR (Standard Dimension Ratio) = DD or SDR = � = 4'� - 11.0
min. wall thickness t 0.409
Pressure rating computed on the basis of:
P = 2S 0 73.40 F
Where: SDR-1
DP = Nominal OD of Pipe, Inches
t Minimum Wall Thickness, Inches
S = Hydrostatic Design Stress (800 psi)
P = Pressure Rating, psi @ 73.4°F
Approximate ID = Dp minus 2t
P = 2 x 800 = 160 psi
11-1
This P value is shown on the third column of the above table.
Try 4" Driscopipe
D = I.D. = 3.682" = 0.306 ft
PR\WA91-191UMPE.CAL [Jan.28.19841
i
E _ 7 x 10-5 ft = 0.00023
D 0.306
CanonleEnvironmental

Reynolds Number = Re
Where:
Q =
D =
V =
v =
C-4
R, VD
=—
v
V=0.408(0)
150 gpm wet well pumping rate
3.682"
0.408 150 = 4.5 ft/sec
(3.682)2
Kinematic Viscosity of Water = 0.0000141 ft2/sec at 50OF
From Moody's Diagram:
f = 0.0195
PR%WA91-161%HDPE.CAL [Jan. 28, 19941
_ VD = 4.5 fasec x 0.306 ft
R, v 0.0000141 ft2/sec
= 97,660 ■ 1 x 10'
CanoftieEnvironmental

C-5
For 6,800-foot-long 4-inch pipe from lifting station (Point A) to Point G as shown on
the pipeline profile
L ! 2 6,1100 x
00 ft (4.5 f#Sec)2
h� = f D 2a = 0.0195 0.306 ft 2 x 32.2 Nsecz
=136ft
If use 4-inch HDPE line from Pumping Station A all the way to the discharge Point J
at Fourth Creek:
hf = 0.0195 9,800 ft x (4.5 fdsec)2 = 197 ft
0.306 ft 2 x 32.2 fgsec
The second method is using Hazen and Williams formula to check the pipe loss:
The Hazen and Williams formula is:
452 Q1AS
OP1oo = C'MD4.86
Where:
AP100 = Friction pressure loss, pounds per sq. in. per 100 feet of pipe
Q = Rate of flow, gallons per minute -
C = Pipe coefficient = 155 for Driscopipe
D = Pipe inside diameter, inches
Q = 150 gpm
4" diameter SDR = 11 Driscopipe
t 452 Q` (452)(150)"
Apt - C1.95D4M 1551-e5(3.682)4.e6
= 452 x 10,611 = 0.76 pounds
11,275 x 564 P Per square Inch
PRM191-181WDPEXAL 1Jan.28.19941
Can®nieEnviro=ental

C-6
For 6,800-foot-long pipe from wet well (Point A) to Point G:
APe,eoo = 0.76 psi x 6.800 ft = 52 psi = 121 ft
100 ft
The results evaluated from Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen and Williams formulas have
about 10 percent difference. The Darcy-Weisbach result will be used.
Check value of Darcy-Weisbach coefficient using Colebrook -White formula:
f
D
Re
1 = -2 logo (2.51 +. 3 � )
Of Re ff
= 0.00023 (see Page C-3)
Try f = 0.0195
7.16 =
Try f = 0.019
1 x 105 (see Page CA
1 = -2 loglo ( 2.51 + 0.00023)
ff 1 x 1 Oyf 3.7
_ -2 logo (0.000025 + 0.000062)
ff
1 = -2 loglo ( 0a000025 + 0.000062)
�05.0195 A0.0195
-2 loglo (0.000179 + 0.000062)
-2 loglo (0.00024)
-2 0.618) = 7.24
1 = -2 loglo (0.000025 + 0.000062)
�.019 �.019
PRMA91-181MPEXAL [Jan. 28, 1994)
CanoweEnvironmental

C-7
7.25 = -2 logo (0.000181 + 0.000062)
= 7.23
.'. f = 0.019
Moody's diagram gives f = 0.0195 is O.K.
Total friction loss in the pipe is about 136 feet for the 6,800-foot-long 4-inch
SDR = 11 HDPE Driscopipe. The friction loss is very high and a manhole is
needed at Point G. From Point G to Fourth Creek (Point J) will be gravity flow.
Loss Through Elbows
Refer to Chart 5 of Driscopipe Manual:
There are 6 to 8 elbows along the 6,800-foot-long 4-inch SDR =11 Driscopipe.
Each elbow has an equivalent length of 30D. Total equivalent length = 8 pcs
x 30 x (3.682"/12") = 74 feet
Friction. Loss = 74 feet x 0.76 psi per 100' = 0.56 psi
= 1.3 feet of water
Valves (one pump in operation):
1 check valve: Equivalent pipe length = 100D = 100 x 3.682" = 30 ft
12"
1 plug valve: Equivalent pipe length = 15D = 15 x 3.682" = 5 ft
12"
Friction Loss = (30' + 51 x 0.76 nsi = 0.27 psi = 0.6 ft of water (small)
100 ft
PR\W:\81-181\HDPEXAL [Jan.28.18841
Canon-eEnvironmental

Gravity Flow from Point G to Outlet Point J at Fourth Creek
A manhole is placed at Point G
Elevation at Point G = 868
Elevation at Point J = 729
Difference in Elevation = 868 - 729 = 139 feet
Length of pipe from Point G to Point J = 3,060 feet
Average slope, S = 139 = 0.046 = 4.6 percent
3,060
Based on Mannings Equation:
Flowing Full:
0 = 1.486 R%S'1/2 (A)
R = Hydraulic Radius = 4 = 3. 4 — = 0.92" = 0.0767 ft
4 4
A = a4 1
2 = a 3.682 2 X 1 = 0.074 #2
n = 0.009 for Driscopipe
0 = 1 '486 (0.0767 f0% (0.046)% (0.074 ft2)
0.009
= 0.47 O/sec = 212 gpm >150 gpm required
MWA01-181WDPE.CAL [Jan.28, 10041
C-8
CanoweEnvironmental

C-9
From Point G to Point I is almost level, therefore, certain head must be provided at
Point G to overcome the friction loss along 1,700-foot-long pipe Section GI. When
using 4-inch HDPE pipe, the friction loss is 0.76 psi per 100 feet at 150 gpm flow.
The friction loss for 1,700-foot pipe = 0.76 x 1,700/100 = 12.9 psi = 30 ft
Difference in elevation is only 868 to 850 = 18 feet between Points G and I, which
is less than 30 feet required. This is inadequate.
Change pipe from 4 inch to 6 inch and recalculate friction loss based on Hazen and
Williams formula:
452 QIM
D = 5.421 inch
A P/ = 452 (150)1-1 = (452)(10,611)
00 (155)1.85 (5.421)4•96 (11,275)(3,695)
= 0.12 psi for 100-foot-long pipe
1,700-foot-long pipe friction loss = 0.12 x 1,700/100
2.04 psi = 5 ft
�: This is less than 18 foot head available. Therefore, 6-inch pipe is needed between
Points G and I.
Recalculate Friction Loss in the 6-Inch HDPE Pipe Using Darcy-Weisbach Equation
Q = 150 gpm = 0.334 Osec
PRUA91-181MPEXAL [Jan. 28, 19941
it (5.421)2
A for G" pipe = 4 = 0.16 ft2
D = 5.421 = 0.452 ft
1211/1
V= A = 0.334s s/sec = 2.1 fasec
CanouteEnvironmental

Darcy-Weisbach Equation:
hf _ ! (o)(2g)
E = Smoothness factor = 7 x 10-6 ft for Driscopipe
E _ 7x10-5ff = 0.00016
D 0.452 ft
VD = 2.1 fgsecx0.452f1' _
- - Re =Reynolds number = — 6.7x104
v 0.0000141 ft$/sec
From Moody's diagram:
f = 0.02
- Calculate f from Colebrook -White formula:
1 = -2 logo ( 2.51 + E/D )
Of Re ff 3.7
_ -2 loglo ( 2.51 + 0.00015 )
6.7A 04 0f 3.7
_ -2 logio ( 0.000037 + 0.000040 )
ff
Try f = 0.02
7.07 = -2 logo (0.00026. + 0.00004) = 7.05
:. f = 0.02
For 100-foot pipe length:
100 2
hr = f (0)(' ) = 0.02 (0.452)(2�x3 2�
= 0.303 ft = 0.13 psi
PR\WA91-1911HDPE.CAL [Jan. 29, 19941
C-10
Can®nieEnvironmental

C-11
Compare with Hazen & Williams formula of 0.12 psi loss per 100-foot pipe and Darcy-
Weisbach 0.13 psi is used for pump design.
Pipe Size Selection
_ Since 6,800 feet, 4-inch pipe from Point A to Point G produces 136 feet friction
resistance and gravity flow from Point G to Point I, 1,700 feet needs 6-inch pipe, it
is concluded to use 6-inch pipe all the way from Lift Station A to Fourth Creek
_ Point J.
Total length from Point A to Point J - 9,800 feet
Elbow, valves, etc. loss equivalent pipe length = 200 feet (see Page C-7)
Friction loss = 0.13 psi/100 feet
Total friction loss = 0.13 psi x 9.800 + 200 = 13 psi
100
= 30 feet of water
This 6-inch pipe will run from Point A to Point J and transfer manhole at Point G is not
needed. The 4-inch pipe has a friction loss too high and to run 10,000-foot pipe on
one single line is not technically appropriate.
ti The advantages in using 6-inch HDPE pipes for the whole line are:
• Use only one third of the horsepower for the pumps when comparing
4-inch HDPE pipe line with 200-foot head and 6-inch pipe with 60-foot
head. '
• Pump life is longer.
• Less chance of high-pressure water hammer develops.
• Fittings subject to smaller forces.
• Pumps require single stage impeller and the initial cost is lower. There
is no need for multiple stages.
• Larger electrical supply line is not needed.
• Less maintenance cost.
Total Dynamic Head for the Wet Well Pumps
Elevation difference between wet well Point A and highest Point D is 888-870
= 18 feet
Friction loss along 9,800-foot, 6-inch pipe = 30 feet
PRMN91-18IMPE.CAL [Jan. 28, 19941
CanonleEnvironmental

C-12
Lift in the wet well — 9 feet
Friction for elbows, valves, etc. = 2 feet
Total dynamic head = 30 feet friction head along the pipe + 18 feet elevation
head + 9-foot lift in the wet well + 2-foot friction head at elbows, valves, etc.
= 59 feet
Pumning Station Analysis (located at Point Al
A. Detention time for fine particles settling in the wet well.
The water from three pumping wells, RW-2, RW-4, and RW-5, may contain
very fine sand to silt particles when it passes through the well packings.
Reference: J. Herbich "Handbook of Dredging Engineering", McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Based on Table 6.2 and Figure 6.2 of the reference, the terminal velocity for the fine
sand to coarse silt size of 0.06 mm particles is about 700 d,2.
700 d82 = 700 .(0.06)2 = 2.52 mm/sec = 0.51 ft/min.
The inlet pipe is located about 9 feet above the wet well bottom and the time required
for settling is:
T = 9 ft = 17.6 minutes
0.51 ft/min
:. Use 15 minutes detention time to size the wet well.
B. Wet Well Size.
Use Smith -Loveless wet well with two submersible pumps
6-foot-diameter concrete well
Detention Time = 15 minutes
PRUA91-1811HDPEXAL IJon. 28, 18841
CanonleEnviro=ental

C-13
Total flow from three pumps, RW-2, RW-4, and RW-5, is about 100 gallons per
minute
100 gpm x 15 minutes x 1 = 200 ft3
7.48
Volume of 6-foot-diameter concrete well to provide 200 ft3 space
a d2 x h = 200
lc(6)2xh=200
4
h = 7 feet
Inflow pipe and outflow pipe will be embedded 3 feet to 4 feet below the ground
surface. The pump will be submerged 2 feet minimum at the bottom of the wet well.
Total height of wet well = 7 feet + 4 feet + 2 feet = 13 feet
C. Pump Size.
There are two submersible pumps in the wet well.
The total dynamic head = 59 feet (factor of safety = 1.0)
The Smith -Loveless Pump Co. submersible pump model is 41­136 (see attached
Sketch No. 3, Smith -Loveless Co. pump selection chart and Sketch No. 4 pump
performance curve). The pump will be guided by the vertical rails.
Rated horsepower = 11
RPM = 1,740
230/460V, 3 phase
PR\WA91-181XHOPE.CAL Wan. 28, 18841
CanonieEnvironmental

C-14
D. Probe Control Arrangement in the Wet Well (See Sketch No. 5, Smith -Loveless
Co. Wet Well Pump Layout).
Elevation 16.5 ft t Top of fiberglass hood
Elevation 13 ft
Top of wet well plate
Elevation 12.75 ft
Ground surface
Elevation 10 ft
Centerline of inlet pipe and outlet pipe
Elevation 9.5 ft
Probe - High level alarm
Elevation 9 ft
Probe - High level on
Elevation 2 ft
Probe - Low level off
Elevation 1.5 ft
Probe - Low level alarm
Elevation 0 ft
Wet well bottom (top of concrete slab)
E. Pump Operation Steps in the Wet Well.
Step 1: The inflow is continuous at 100 gpm and the outflow will be 150 gpm
at on -and -off condition. Use plug valve and the flow meter to control
the outflow at 150 gpm. The height between Elevation 2 ft and
Elevation 9 ft is 7 feet and the volume is:
% (6)' x 7 ft x 7.48 - 1,5M gallons
4
When the water filled to Elevation 9, the high level probe will kick the pump on. The
water level will gradually drop at 150 - 100 = 50 gpm rate. It requires
1,500 gallon/50 gpm = 30 minutes to drop the water level from Elevation 9 ft to
Elevation 2 ft. The pump will be off when the water level reaches lower probe at
Elevation 2 ft.
Step 2: The water level will rise from Elevation 2 ft to Elevation 9 ft at an inflow
rate of 100 gpm. It requires 15 minutes to fill the 1,500-gallon space.
In this 15 minutes, the pump is off. The average flow pumped into
Fourth Creek is 150 gpm x 30 min. = 100 gpm
30 min. + 15 min.
Step 3: Repeat Step 1.
PR1MM-181WDPE.CAL [Jan.28, 18841
CanoftleEnvironmental

C-15
F. Valves and Piping Inside the Wet Well.
Nominal 4H36 pump size = 4 in (total 2 pumps)
Guiduct discharge size = 4 in (one per pump)
Discharge check valve = 4 in (one per pump)
Discharge plug valve = 4 in (one per pump)
Common discharge outlet = 4 in
Fiberglass Hood Size: 4 ft 10 in long x 3 ft 4 in wide x 3 ft 6-3/8-in high
G. Controls.
The control equipment shall be mounted in a NEMA Type 4 steel enclosure with a
removable access cover. The circuit breakers, starter reset buttons, and control
i switches shall be operable without removing the access cover, for deadfront
operation.
A grounding type convenience outlet shall be provided on the side of the cabinet for
operation of 115-volt AC devices.
Thermal magnetic air circuit breakers shall be provided for branch disconnect service
and short circuit protection of all motor control and auxiliary circuits.
Magnetic across -the -line starters with under -voltage release and overload coils for
each phase shall be provided for each pump motor to give positive protection. Each
single phase auxiliary motor shall be equipped with an over -current protection device
in addition to the branch circuit breaker, or shall be impedance protected. All
switches shall be labeled and a coded wiring diagram shall be provided.
To control the operation of the pumps with variations of liquid level in the wet well,
four mercury displacement switches shall be provided. A minimum of 30 feet of cord
shall be provided with each switch to eliminate the hazards created by splicing. The
cord shall have a corrosion resistant vinyl jacket and be multi -stranded in order to
prevent fatigue. An auxiliary contact shall be provided for recovery well shut-off on
high water level.
An automatic alternator with manual switch shall be provided to change the sequence
of operation of the pumps every eight hours. The manual switch shall allow for either
pump to be selected as base pump or for automatic alternation.
Provisions shall also be made for the pumps to operate in parallel should the level in
the wet well continue to rise above the starting level for the low level pump.
PRMA91-181WOPEXAL [Jan.28.19941
CanonleEnvironmental

H. Check Wet Well Inflow Rate and Outflow Rate Using Probe Layout Without
Flow Meters.
Step 1: When the water level reaches the lower probe at Elevation 2 ft, the
pump stops. The inflow will raise the water level to Elevation 9 ft for a
total volume of 1,500 gallons. Record the time, T, in minutes between
the pump stops and pump picks on.
Qh = Inflow, BP+n, = I'M
T
Step 2: Record the time, T', in minutes between the pump kicks on and the
pump stops or say the water level is lowered from Elevation 9 ft to
Elevation 2 ft
Qout = Outflow, gpm
0. - Qti =
1500
'
Ti
1,500
or QQ„ r - '
= 1,500
T
71
1 500
1,500
T
Ti
These volumes can be verified with flow meters also.
I. Pumping Time Required Initially to Fill the 9,800-foot-long 6-inch HDPE line, by
one wet well pump.
I.D. of 6-inch HDPE line = 5.421 in = 0.452 ft
Area = a 0.452 2 = 0.16 ft2
4
Volume of 0.16 ft2 x 9,800 ft = 1,568 ft3 = 11,800 gallons
Pumping Rate = 150 gpm
MWA01-181MPE.CAL [Jan. 28, 1994[
CanoftieEnvironmental

C-17
Time required to fill the pipe = 11,800 gallons/150 gpm
= 78 minutes = 1.3 hours
+ 4
{-J Six -Inch HDPE Pipeline Stress Analysis Due to External Loads
The frost penetration at the site is about 20 inches according to Weather Bureau maps
t, (see attached Sketch No. 9). The trench will have 1 foot of North Carolina #2S sand
and 1.7 feet native soil above the pipe, 6 inches of #2S sand on each side, and 3
inches sand below the pipe. The sand will be compacted to 95 percent of standard
Proctor maximum dry density. For trench details see Sketch No. 6.
R The external loads on the pipe are:
P, = Static load
PL = Live load from H-20 truck wheel loads
P; = Internal vacuum
Reference: Driscopipe System Design Manual
Ps = Approximate 3-foot cover soil = 3 ft x 110 pcf = 330 psf
Design chart 30 of Driscopipe reference will provide truck wheel load influence on the
top of the pipe based on 3-foot-high soil
v f
PL = 700 psf
During the construction or maintenance period, H2O truck or other equipment may
travel over the trench, therefore, the truck loading is considered.
P; = The maximum apparent external pressure due to the vacuum
created by the humps and dips of pipe constructed along the
natural topography = 14.7 psi = 2,100 psf
Pt = Total external load = P, + PL + P; = 330 + 700 + 2,100 =
3,130 psf = 21.7 psi
PR\WAO1-161%HDPE.CAL [Jan. 28, 19941
CanoweEnvironmental

C-18
A. Pipe Wall Stress Against Crushing at the Horizontal Diameter Spring Line.
Driscopipe Reference, Page 36
SA = ( SDR-1)Pt
2
Where:
SA = Actual compressive stress, psi
Pt = External pressure, psi
SDR = Standard dimension ratio = 11
SA = (112--1) (21.7 ps# = 108.5 psi
The compressive yield strength of Driscopipe = 1,500 psi
Factor of safety against crushing = 1.500 psi = 13
108.5 psi
:. The pipe is safe against crushing
B. Pipe Wall Stress Against Crushing Between 10:00 am and 2:00 pm at Crown.
Driscopipe Reference, p. 37, p.47, and Chart 25
P,b = 0.8(EI x P)14
Where:
PC = Critical collapse pressure, psi
= 2.32E
(SDR)3
Pc = Critical buckling soil pressure at the top of pipe, psi
PRMAGI-181MPE.CAL [Jan. 28, 19941
CanonieEnvironmental

C-19
E = Time dependent tensile modulus of elasticity, psi
E' = Soil modulus, psi
Chart 25 for SA = 108.5 psi and 50 years life at 73.4°F temperature, but the pipe
buried in the ground out the temperature may be only 60°F. Use 73.4°F E value for
analysis.
E = 32,000 psi
P 2.32E = 2.32 x 32,000 psi = 55.8 psi
P (SDM3 (11)3 p
Driscopipe Reference, p. 38, Chart 26
For trench granular backfill compacted to 95 percent standard density and Pt =
21.7 psi = 3,130 psf, the vertical soil strain, E., will be 1.4 percent. This is less than
the allowable pipe vertical strain of 2.7 percent as shown on the reference Chart 27.
Ef = Pt = 3,130psi = 223,500 psf = 1,552 psi
ea 0.014
Pab = 0.8 (El x PJ14 = 0.8 (1,552 psi x 55.8 ps414 = 235 psi
Actual external load Pt = 21.7 psi
Factor of safety against wall buckling near the crown = Pb = 235 = 10
Pt 21.7
.'. The pipe is safe against buckling
MWA91-181MPEXAL'IJan. 28, 18841
CanonloEnviro=ental

C-20
Pioe Installation
See Sketch No. 6 for trench details.
A. Trench Size:
3 ft, 6 in deep
1 ft, 6 in wide
B. Follow the ground surface contours to install the pipe, see pipe layout Sketch
No. 2.
C. Use the granular soil backfill around the 6-inch HDPE pipe compacted to
95 percent standard Proctor maximum dry density.
D. Fusion weld the pipe joints.
E. Bore/jack 10-inch, 0.250-inch-thick wall steel casing under the State
Highway 70 and Norfolk Southern Railroad embankments. Two shut-off valves
- will be installed on the 6-inch HDPE pipe near each end of the casing.
See Sketch No. 7 for jacking pipe profile.
Thermal Expansion and Contraction of HDPE Pipe
In most buried pipeline installations, a significant degree of restraint is automatically
provided due to soil friction. This is further controlled because the pipe usually lies
in a slight "S" curve in the trench as it is installed. Because the temperature of the
soil is fairly constant, temperature changes that do occur take place over a yearly
season. Because of the enormous heat sink capability of the -earth, the magnitude of
any temperature change is reduced and the time required to effect that temperature
change is extended. Usually the summer and winter soil temperature difference is
about 30°F. This 30OF temperature change occurs over seven months at a rate of
_- nearly 0.143°F per day. In addition to soil friction overcoming a thermally imposed
stress, the pipeline has an entire season to stress relax and dissipate that stress.
If a minor temperature change does occur, its effect is further minimized by the water
thermal inertia within the pipe. Therefore, the thermal effect on the pipe is negligible.
Clean -out Ports
Every 1,000 feet to 1,500 feet will have a clean -out port. Install a 6-inch tee with
a cover plate and bleeding valve at the top. Clamp.the plate tight to avoid leakage
MWA91-181UMPE.CAL [Jan. 28, 19941
CanonieEnvironmental

C-21
due to water pressures. A concrete manhole riser is placed at each cleaning port
location to prevent impact exerted by the construction or agricultural equipment. For
details, see Sketch No. 8. A total of eight clean -out ports will be placed along the
9,800 feet of 6-inch HDPE pipe. For approximate location see Sketch No. 2.
Pipe Outlet Riprap Blanket for Scouring Protection at Fourth Creek
Reference Corps of Engineers, Manual ER1165-2, Sheets 722-4 to 722-7 titled
."Storm Drain Outlets, Riprap Energy Dissipators."
Chart 722-5
The relationship between horizontal length of blanket L,p and discharge is:
p = 1.7 (2-6
+ 8
0
Where:
Lop = Horizontal length of blanket, along the centerline of pipe, ft
Q = Pipe drain discharge, cfs
Do = Outside diameter or width of drain pipe
Q = 150 gpm = 0.33 cfs
Do = 6.625 in = 0.55 ft for 6-inch. SDR-11 HDPE Pipe
L� =1.7[ 0.33 1+8=10.5
0.55 (0.55)25
Lop = 0.55x 10.5 = 5.8ft, Use 6ft
Width of riprap blanket at pipe outlet = 3 D. = 3 x 0.55 ft = 1.65 ft, Use 2 ft
PR\WA91-181ViDPEXAL lJan. 28, 1994]
CanoweEnvironmental

C-22
Width of riprap blanket at bottom = 3 Do + L.P = 2 ft + 6 ft = 8 ft
Size of riprap determined by pipe flow:
Chart 722-7
Where:
Do =
Q=
TW =
C=
Deo
Ow = C Do ( Q Y.as
Do TW Da 5
Outside diameter or width of drain pipe, ft = 0.55 ft
Pipe drain discharge, cfs, = 0.33 cfs
Tailwater depth above drain invert, ft, = Do
Coefficient = 0.0200 for horizontal blanket.
Minimum average size of stone, ft.
D50 = (0.0200) 0.55 ( 0.33 �,.� = 0.033
0.55 0.55 0.5525
D50 = 0.033 x 0.55 = 0.018 ft = 0.22 inch (small)
The size of riprap is also checked by the river flow:
Reference Corps of Engineers, Manual ER1165-2, Sheet 712-1 titled "Stone Stability,
Velocity vs. Stone Diameter."
PH\W.%91-1811HDPE.CAL [Jan. 28.19941
V = C 12Q Ys Yw�+,a (D50)',�
Yw
Canow-eEnvironmental

C-23
Where:
C- = Isbach constant = 1.20 for low turbulence in the Fourth Creek.
ye = Specific stone weight, lbs/ft3
y,, = Weight of water, 62.4 lbs/ft3
g = Acceleration gravity, 32.2 ft/sec2
D5o = Average diameter of stone, ft
In general, the average river flow will have a velocity of 5 to 6 ft/sec. The stone
specific weight is about 150 Ibs/ft3.
1
From the above equation:
6 = 1.20 [2 x 32.2 (150-62.4�� (fir
I 62.4
6 = 11.4 (D60)"
(D60)'4 = 0.52
D5o = 0.28 ft = 3.3 inches
Use 4-inch stone
See Sketch No. 10 for riprap blanket details.
The thickness of blanket = 2 135o =. 2 x 4 inches = 8 inches
MWA91-181MPE.CAL [Jan.28, 1884)
CanonieEnviro=ental

C-24
Flowmeter and Pit
Flow = 150 gallons per minute
Flowmeter Model:
! i Water Specialties Corp. 4-inch Model ML-04 flanged main line tube propeller
meter, shown in gallons per minute and, cumulative gallons. For details see
Pages C-25 and C-26.
Transmitter:
Water Specialties Corp. Model TR-16 Indicator/TotalizerlTransmitter, 4-20 mA.
For details see Pages C-27 and C-28.
Recorder:
Water Specialties Corp. Model IN-48, 12-inch circular chart. Chart can be set
at 24 hours, 7 days, and 31 days rotation. For details see Page C-29.
Gate Valve:
A 4-inch Class 125 flange type gate valve is placed ahead of the flowmeter
such that the backflow from the pipe can be stopped during the flowmeter
maintenance period.
Concrete Pit:
A 4-foot by 4-foot by 4-foot deep concrete pit is built adjacent to the wet well
to house the flowmeter and the gate valve. For plan and details see Sketches
No. 11 and No. 12. The cover is a double swing steel door. Insulation blanket
shall be prepared inside the pit during the winter time.
PRUA91-181UMPEXAL [Jan.28.19941
CanonleEnvironmental

L)WMLU4-4A-uoy&
INDICATOR HAND` \\� \ I
(.9 1
12
^�
15
joi
a/u/ons
TOTALIZER TEST HAND
NUNDt[D
_ G.P.M.
TYPICAL
4" DIAL
INDICATOR -TOTALIZER
DESCRIPTION
MODEL ML-04 FLANGED TUBE METERS are manufactured to the highest
standards. Materials used on all meters and flow ranges for the low velocity
motor meet or exceed AWWA standard C704. The flanged end tube design
permits use in a wide range of applications with up to 150 psi worldng pressure.
Flanged ends are 150 lb. AWWA class D flat face steel flanges. Fabricated steel
meter tubes have straighteningvanes and are protected internally and externally
with 12-15 mils of fusion epoxy resin.
INSTALLATION is made'similarto placing ashort length of flanged end Pipe in the line.
The meter can be installed horizontally, or inclined on suction or discharge lines.
However the indicator -totalizer must be positioned in the upward direction on the
top of the 0peonly. The meter m ust have a full flow of liquid for proper accuracy.
Valves, fittings, or other obstru ctions that tend to set upflow disturbances should
beaminimum offive pipe diameters upstream and one Pipe diameterdownstream
from the meter.
PROPELLER is magnetically coupled with the drive mechanism through the sealed oil
filled gearbox. This completely eliminates water entering the meterassembly, as
well as the need for any packing gland. The propeller is a conical shaped three
bladed propeller, injection molded of thermoplastic material resistant to normal
water corrosion and deformity due to high flow velocities.
BEARING in propeller is a water lubricated ceramic sleeve bearing that rides on a
ceramic coated stainless steel spindle. Dual ceramic thrust bearings, standard
on all meters, handle flows in both forward and reverse directions. The bearing
design promotes extended periods of maintenance free propeller operation.
Bearings within the sealed meter mechanism are shielded precision stainless
steel bearings and are facory lubricated for the life of the meter.
INDICATOR TOTALIZER ismechanically driven by the metermechanismand features
a full 4' diameter, 250 degree sweep dial with a six digit, straight reading type
totalizer and sweep test hand. The indicator drive mechanism is temperature
compensated so the indicator will be accurate at all points on the dial when
operated between 32° and 140- F. The indicator dial can be furnished in GPM,
CFS, MGD or any standard liquid measuring units with choice of standard
totalizer measuring units. The bonnet, with padlock hasp, is o-ring sealed to the
meter head.
CHANGE GEARS may be easily exchanged in the field when changing the dial, or
when recalibrating fordifferent pipesizes. It is not necessary to remove pressure
from the line for these changes.
O-RING SEALS are used at the meter head and all points where seals are required,
making the meter mechanism completely immune to any of the corrosive effects
of atmospheric moisture or the liquids measured by the meter assembly.
MODEL ML-04
150 psi FLANGED TUBE METER
SEALED METER MECHANISM - MAGNETIC DRIVE
INDICATOR - TOTALIZER
SIZES 3" thru 48" C-25
SPECIFICATIONS
ACCURACY Plus or minus2%of actual flowwithin the rangespecified
for each meter size.
PRESSURE RANGE up to 150 PSI maximum working pressure.
TEMPERATURE RANGE 1400 F Maximum. Consuh fee" for special construc-
tion for higher temperatures.
MINIMUM FLOWS as shown for each meter size and construction are
requiredforaccurateregistration. Seeflowchart. NOTE:
Minimum flowwill be higherwhen auxiliary equipment is
added.
MAXIMUM FLOWS as shown foreachmetersizeand construction are rated
for continuous operation. See flow chart.
INTERMITTENT FLOWS as shown for each metersize are rated for 100/.to 15%
of the total time the meter is operating. Consult factory
for High Velocity construction when Intermittent flows
are higher than shown on flow chart and/orwhen longer
operating periods are required.
MATERIALS used in construction arechosentominimaethecortolive
effects of the liquids measured by the meter assembly.
MAGNETS - permanent ceramic type
INTERIOR BEARINGS - shielded stainless steel
PROPELLER BEARING - ceramic sleeve type
PROPELLER SPINDLE -ceramiccoated sdnlesssteel
PROPELLER - injection molded thermoplastic
GEARBOX - cast bronze
SEPARATOR - stainless steel
SHAFTS - stainless steel
METER HEAD BOLTS - stainless steel (3%2("), plated
steel METER
M H -rest iron or fabricated steel, fusion
epoxy coated.
METER TUBE -fabricated steel with sbaighteningvanes
and coated inside and outwith 12-15 mils offusion epoxy
by the fluidized bad method.
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT A meter mounted Fwd. 3 Rev. Totalizer, Totalizer
Extensions, and awide rangeof controls and instruments
forindicating, totalizing, and recording flow data breach
meter. Special constructions and materials areavailable
upon request
ORDERING INFO Must be specified by the customer and includes:
minimum & maximum flow ranges
temperature of meter environment
indicator scale & units
totalizer dial units
type of materials and construction
optional equipment desired

DM-ML04-3A-0392
MODEL ML-04
150 psi FLANGED TUBE METER C-26
SEALED METER MECHANISM -- MAGNETIC DRIVE
INDICATOR - TOTALIZER
SIZES 3" thru 48"
K A
C
41/2 I I 1
H
e - — B
v
E - Bolt Circle
I
F - Number of Bolts
G - Size of Bolts
METER
& PIPE
SIZE
FLOW RANGES,GPM
'LOW VELOCITY STANDARD HIGH VELOCITY
CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION
MIN. - MAX. MIN. - MAX. - INT. MN. - MAX
DIMENSIONS
SHIPPING
WEIGHT
POUNDS
A
8
C
D
I E
I F
G
H
K
3
40-250
45-250-350
N/A .
18
71/2
11/16
7
6
4
5/8
51/4
9
70
4
50-500
55-500-700
200-700
18
9
11/16
7
71/2
8
5/8
51/4
9
80
6
90-1200
120-1200-1500
300-1500
22
1 11
11/16
9
91/2
8
3/4
61/4
9
120
8
100-1500
150-1500-2090
400-2500
24
131/2
11/16
9
1113/4
8
3/4
71/4
9
150
10
125-2000
180-2000-3000
500-3500
26
16
11/16
10
141/4
12
7/8
81/2
11
200
12
150-2800
200-3000-3500
800-5000
28
19
13/16
10
17
12
7/8
91/2
11
250
14
250-3750
300-4000-4500
1000-6000
42
1 21
15/16
12
183/4
12
1
101/2131/2
350
16
350-4750
400-5000-6000
1200-7500
48
231/2
1
12
211/4
16
1 1
111/2
131/2
570
18
450-5625
700-6000-7500
1500-9000
54
25
11/16
15
223P4
16
11/8
121/2
131/2
665
20
550-6875
850-8000-9000
2000-12000
60
271/2
11/8
15
25
20
11/8
131/2
131/2
780
24
800-10000
1000-10000-13500
3000-15000
72
32
11/4
18
291/2
20
11/4
171/2
21
1250
30
1200-15000
1800-15000-21000
4000-25000
84
383/4
13/8
18
36
28
11/4
201/2
21
2010
36
1500-20000
2000-20000-30000
5000-35000
96
46
15/8
20
423/4
32
11/2
231/2
21
2840
42
2000-28000
3000-30000-40000
6000-50000
108
53
13/4
24
491/2
36
15/8
28
32
4300
48
2500-35000
5500-35000-50000
7000-60000
120
591/2
13/4
24
56
44
15/8
31
32
4730
Standard construction will be supplied for all mainline meters unless special flow range, materials, or construction are required.
Low velocity (L1) construction has the same low and maximum flow rates as AWWA C704. For lower flows refer to Model TM-01
turbine meters.
WAT`PECI[� PORTERVILLE, CALIFORNIA 93257 U.S.A.
L PHONE [phone]
U.S.A. FAx Boo-Boo-s8o�
CORPORATION
INTERNATIONAL FAx [phone]

DC-TR16-1 A-0592
INDI,
TOT
TYPICAL
4" DIAL
INDICATOR -TOTALIZER
DESCRIPTION
rMODELINDICATOR-TOTALIZER-TRANSMITTERS provide an
s flow rate indication, a wtolization of flow volume and both a4-20
mA current signal and a pulse rate output signal proportional to the rate of flow
when mounted on our propeller meters. The unit features a mechanicallydriven
indicator -totalizer, and solid state construction.
INSTALLATION is normally made at the factory when the motor is assembled, but
_ installation maybe made inthefieldbyremoving the standard totalizeressembly,
and attaching the indicator -totalizer -transmitter to the meter head. The unit is
furnished complete with all screws and o-rings necessary for installation.
ECONSTRUCTION of the indicator-totdzer-transmitterfeaturesanotingsealed homing
t conforming to NEMA 4X standards.
INDICATOR -TOTALIZER is mechanically driven bythe metermechanism and features
a full 4- diameter, 250 degree sweep dial with a six digit, straight reading type
totalizer and sweep test hand. The indicator drive mechanism is temperature
compensated so the indicator will be accurate at all points on the dial when
operated between 320 and 1400 F. The indicator dial can be fumished in GPM,
CFS, MGD or any standard liquid measuring units with choice of standard
totalizer measuring units. The bonnet, with padlock hasp, is o-ring sealed to the
meter head.
TRANSMITTER utilizes an optic switch (open collector transistor output). The
standard 4-20 mA current outputgives 4 mAoulputatzemfiowand20 mAoutput
at maximum scale range. The standard pulse rate output (open collector
transistor output) is 150 pulses per minute at the maximum flow range of the
instrument that the transmitter is controlling. Other pulse rates available upon
mquestin50PPM increments. (600PPMmax.) Afour-lead shielded cable, four
feet long, is furnished with each transmitter equipped with pulse output Atwo-
lead shielded cable, four feet long, is furnished if 4-20 mA only is ordered. The
pulse output wiring will be provided only if requested (see ordering info).
O-RING SEALS are used at all points where seals are required, making the indicator -
totalizer -transmitter mechanism completely immune to any of the corrosive
effects of atmospheric moisture or the liquids measured by the meter assembly.
MODEL TR-16
TOTALIZER -TRANSMITTER
C-27
SOLID STATE CONSTRUCTION
CURRENT OUTPUT - PULSE RATE OUTPUT
(TWO) 2-WIRE CIRCUITS
MADC OUTPUT
4-20 mA @
Red
Green
PULSE OUTPUT
( IF REQUESTED)
PPS
White (+)
Black (-)
Shield to ground
SPECIFICATIONS
ACCURACY Current output: plus or minus .5% of full scale of the
instrument the transmitter is controlling. Output or
fluctuation bounce can be decreased but will cause a
,slower response.
Pulseoutput plusorminusZO%ofactualf owwithinthe
range specified for each meter sae.
RATURE RANGE 1400 F Maximum. Consult factory for special constrt*
tion for higher temperatures.
POWER SUPPLY 24VDC(as supplied byour powersupplymodel 0a36.1)
wired in series with ma output and instrument The ma
output must be powered in order to use thepulse output
Note: Max. current consumption oftransmitmris20mA.
FLOW RANGE acceptable for each transmitter unit is the same as that
for the meter to which the unit mounts.
MATERIALS used in construction are chosen fortheirdumbility and
immunttttyyto thecomosiveeffectsofatmospho6cmoisture
and the liquids measured by the meter assembly.
OUTPUT SIGNAL Current signal: 4-20 mA (with loop impedance of 17512
to I075LI Seecharton back), true twowirewith external
Cstomer supply. Pulse rate: two were pulse rate output
er
specified pulse rate,150 PPM min. to 600
max. in 50 PPM increments. Consult factory for
otherpulserates.) The maximum recommended distance
for pulse output transmission is5000It. 35VDCreverse
voltage.polanty protection. The pulse output wiring will
be provided only d requested (see ordering info).
Pulse Output Ratings
Maximums are for signals between P2 and P1
Voltage: 18VDC
Current 60 mA DC
Power dissipation: 100 mW
SHIPPING WEIGHT 4 pounds
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT Anon-reversin y ratchet, specialoutputs,(corsulthm
for special app ication).
ORDERING INFO Must be specified by the customer and includes:
Serial number of meter unit is to be mounted,
Maximum scale range required for current and pulse
output, e rs�and type of dial on totalizer that is going
to will be wired only it lse equal is t to cilimmate on all units,
improper hookups or damage to the circuit card.

Ul:- I ril0-1 A-UQWW
ICE"a
OKOVSOLATOR
cumn SCXEUT C
h) Fl
MODEL TR-16
INDICATOR - TOTALIZER - TRANSMITTER
SOLID STATE CONSTRUCTION
CURRENT OUTPUT - PULSE RATE OUTPUT
(TWO) 2-WIRE CIRCUITS
2 WIRE CIRCUIT CONNECTION
(STANDARD TRANSMITTER SUPPLIED WITHOUT PULSE OUTPUT)
Vic- -
MODEL IN-361
POWER SUPPLY
NVDCAW� A t15VAC
REGULATED NPUT
OUTPUT
115 VAC
60 Hz
`,f(jl��� �-!` I , (•) CURRENT OUTPUT
(4-20 MA)
312En i111 SHIELD TO GROUND
NOTE: MAX. CURRENT CONSUMPTION OF TRANSMITTER IS 20 MA.
4 WIRE CIRCUIT CONNECTION (WITH PULSE OUTPUT)
Power Power supply Maximum
Supply voltage resistance of
for loop I Instruments In loop
ONW.
MODEL IN-38:1
POWER SUPPLY
NVDmmm 11EVAC
REGULATED NpUT
OUTPUT
+ —
60 VAC
TE-- 60 Hz
(•) CURRENT OUTPUT
(+) (4-20 mA)
(-)P2
(+)P1 PULSE OUTPUT
SHIELD TO GROUND
C-28
N
NOTE: MAX. CURRENT CONSUMPTION OF TRANSMITTER IS 20 mA. UNITS
WHICH ARE PROVIDEDWTH ONLY2OUTPUTWIRES MAY BE REWIREDFOR
150 PPM PULSE OUTPUT BY STRIPPING BACK THE INSULATION ON BOTH
ENDS OF THE OUTPUT CABLES AND WIRING AS SHOWN ABOVE.
WATER SPECIALTIES PORTERVILLE, CALIFORNIA 93257 U.S.A.
PHONE [phone]
CORPORATION U.S.A. FAX [phone]
INTERNATIONAL FAX [phone]

L/1-11'4-+0- 1 #A- 1 1 J ,
0.69"
-124"
DESCRIPTION
MODEL IN48 INDICATOR TOTALDER-RECORDERS provide instantaneous flow
rate indication, atotalization of flowvolume, and a record of flowdatafrom Water
Specialties current output transmitters. The reliability of the printed circuit cards
and solid state components utilized in construction provide continued accurate
and dependable operation of the instrument
OPERATION. Electronic circuitry within the transmitter furnishes a4.20made current
signal proportional to the rate of flow through the measuring unit The current
input signal drives the recorder mechanism. Internal power supply is furnished
to provide power to transmitter.
INSTALLATION of the case can be made through the front of an instrument panel or
to any flat surface. Two mounting brackets hold the unitsec urey in place in either
installation. For the best operation of the system the signal line should be of an
armored cable and the powerand signal lines to the instrument should be placed
in separate conduits to prevent extraneous voltages from interfering with the
signal.
CASE is impact resistant thermoplastic with a pressure latched, gasketed door with
viewing window that seals the instrument from dust and moisture.
INDICATOR is digital LED, and may be configured to read in gallons per minute, cubic
feet per second, or any liquid rate measuring units.
TOTALIZER is digital LED, and may beconfigured to read in gallons, cubicfeet, orany
liquid measuring units.
CHART DRIVE may be configured so chart rotation is equal to 24 hours, 7 days, 31
days, oroptionalspeeds from 6hours to31 days. Chartrotationisspscifiedwhen
ordering and set at the factory.
CHART is standard 12" and is heat sensitive, so it is supplied "blank". Unit prints its
own chart including all dates, times, flow data, etc, as selected by the user. The
recorder is factory set (per customer specification) so that the flow range, chart
drive, totalizer units and indicator scale and units are "locked our. The factory
security code can be changed by the customer if so desired.
WATER SPECIALTIES
CORPORATION
PORTERVILLE, CALIFORNIA 93257 U.S.A.
PHONE [phone]
TELEX 230.176771 WATERSPEC
FAX [phone]
MODEL IN-48
INDICATOR -TOTALIZER -RECORDER C-29
SOLID STATE CONSTRUCTION
12" CIRCULAR CHART
CURRENT INPUT SIGNAL
SPECIFICATIONS
ACCURACY 30.150/.of span
TEMPERATURE RANGE 580 F minimum to 1310 F maximum
HUMIDITY 10-900/. RH, non -condensing
POWER SUPPLY 115 VAC t 5°/a 60 HZ,1 phase.
Power consumption: 24 watts MAX
REPEATABILITY .100%of full scale
RESPONSE Less than four seconds for full scale
INPUTSIGNAL 4-20mAdcstandardwith 20mAdcatmaximumindicator
scale. 0.5V, 0-10V 10.50 my inputs available.
(consult factory for other inputs)
24V POWER for transmitter built in to operate up to 2 transmitters
SHIPPING WEIGHT 41 lbs.
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT is available upon request and includes:
locking door
up to 4 inputs
up to 6 alarms
chart illumination
auxiliary output: 4-20 mAdc through 900 ohms or less
hose down door
ORDERING INFO Must be specified by the customer and includes:
indicator scale and units
totalizer units
chart speed, desired
optional equipment desired
AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTOR

C-30
oint Between the 4-Inch Steel Pipe and 6-Inch SDR-11 HDPEKin
Weld the end of 4-inch Schedule 40 steel pipe outside the flowmeter pit with a
150-pound reducing slip-on flat face steel flange to suit the 6-inch HDPE pipe flange
connection. The HDPE pipe stub end will be pressed against the flat face of the
reducing flange when the bolts are tightened. A gasket is required for this
connection. For details see Sketches No. 11 and No. 12.
Pipe Bends at Points B and E
Refer to Drawing Sheet 1 of 2 by Concord Engineering and Surveying, Inc., Job
No. 92-03-14:
The bend angle at Point B is 880 t and at Point E is about 900. Use 900 for analysis.
Reference Pages 3-11 to Pages 3-14, Brater and King "Handbook of Hydraulics,"
McGraw-Hill, 6th Edition.
Fx = Force to change flow direction = pQV
p = 62.4 Ib/ft3 = 1.94 lb-sec2/ft4
32.2 ft/sec2
Q = 150 gpm = 0.334 ft3/sec
V = 2.1 ft/sec (see Page C-9)
Fx = 1.94 x 0.334 x 2.1 = 1.4 Ibs
Ebx = Force on bend in X duration:
EFx = 01 pBAB + EBX — pBAB cos 900 = Fx
Where:
pB = Water pressure at B
AB = Pipe area at B
MWA91-181MPE.CAL [Jan. 28, 19941
CanonieEnvironmental

C-31
pB = 59-ft Head (Page C-12) - 700-ft long Pipe Friction Loss from A
to B
_ 59 - 700 x 0.13 psi/100 ft = 25.5 - 1 = 24.5 psi = 3,528 psf
2.31
AB = Area of 6-inch HDPE pipe = 0.16 ft2 (Page C-9)
pBAB = 3,528 psf x 0.16 ft2 = 564 Ibs
564 + EBX - 0 = 1.4
EBX = -563 Ibs
Same as EBY = -563 Ibs
E = Resultant = [(563)2+(563)2]11 = 800 Ibs
This 800 pound force is resisted by the compacted sand around the pipe. Bearing
area = 40 ft arc x 0.5 ft = 20 ft2
Bearing = 800- Ibs = 40 psf, small
20 ft2
Bend the pipe at radius = 50 x pipe diameter = 25 feet, no elbows. For detail plan
of Bend B, see Sketch No. 13. The arrangement of pipe Bend E is the same as
Bend B.
Pipe Wall Area = [R (6.6252) - rr (5.421)2]/4 = 0 37.8 - 92.3)/4 = 11.4 in
Tensile stress in the pipe = 563 Ibs/11.4 in = 50 psi < <3,200 psi tensile yield
strength of Driscopipe #1000.
Pipe Bend at Point C
Refer to Drawing Sheet 1 of 2 by Concord Engineering and Surveying, Inc., Job
No. 92-03-14.
Because of crowded space at Point C, use a 600 elbow at this location.
PRUA91-18IMPEXAL [Jan. 28, 19941
CanowteEnvironmental

C-32
The bend angle at Point C is 118° t which is more flat than 881 curve at B:
Fx = pQ(V-Vcos621) = 1.94 x 0.334 x (2.1-2.1cos620) = 0.7 Ibs
FFx = 0
pcAc + ECx - PCAC cos 620 = Fx
PC _ 59 ft head - 2,570 ft x 0.13 psi/100 ft = 25.5 psi - 3.3
2.31
= 22.2 psi = 3,196 psf
AC = 0.16 ft2
3,196 psf x 0.16 ft2 + ECx - 3,196 psf x 0.16 ft2 cos62 ° = 0.7
511 + ECx - 240 = 0.7
ECx =-270lbs
ECY = pcA. sin620 = 3,196 x 0.16 sin620 = 451 Ibs
E _ (Ecx2 + ECY2)u' = [(270)2 + (451)2]Ya = 525 Ibs
Bend C Length = 20 in = 1.7 ft
Bearing Area = 1.7 ft x 0.5 ft = 0.85 ft2
Since the bearing area is small, use concrete thrust block to support the thrust force.
Pipe Wall Area = 11.4 in
Tensile stress in the pipe = 525 Ibs/11.4 in = 46 psi < <3,200 psi tensile yield
strength of Driscopipe #1000.
A 4-foot-diameter manhole is required for the valve and the pipe elbow.
For detail plan of Bend C see Sketch No. 14.
PRU-191-18IMPE.CAL ]Jon. 28, 1994]
CanonleEnvironmental

900
A B
7
PUMPING WELL
850
800
GROUND SURFACE
D 4 E
C
6' DIA. SDR-11 DRISCOPIPE (1000 SERIES)
PIPELINE EMBEDDED BELOW GROUND
750 SURFACE
700
F
P R O F I L E
VERTICAL SCALE
100 0 100 FEET
HORIZONTAL SCALE
1,000 0 1,000 FEET
NOTES:
1. APPROXIMATE LENGTH OF PIPELINE FROM POINT 'A'
TO POINT 'G' IS 6800'. APPROXIMATE LENGTH OF
PIPELINE FROM POINT 'A' TO POINT 'J' IS 9800'.
THESE DISTANCES INCLUDE THE SLIGHT CURVATURES
IN THE PIPELINE AFTER INSTALLATION.
2. APPROXIMATE ELEVATIONS TAKEN FROM 1969 .U.S.G.S.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP, STATESVILLE EAST, AND SHEPARDS,
NORTH CAROLINA.
3. FOR PLAN OF PIPELINE, SEE SKETCH No. 2.
G
91-161 —Al 6
900
FOURTH CREEK
850
800
J 750
700
ELEVATIONS
POINT
ELEVATION
(SEE NOTE 2)
A
870
B
870
C
860
D
888
E
878
F
850
G
868
H
850
1
850
J
729
PIPELINE PROFILE
SKETCH No. 1
CanonleEnviro=ental

C-34
L0
a
I
(AD
V_
N
PIPE CROSS U�
RAILROAD SPUR
EL
B
FOURTH CREEK
\P,rEL 878
II
I
I/
11
11
%D
888
OUTHERN �� RAILWAY
70
C
EL 860
;RW-4
`A
UTHERN ELES PLANT 870EL 870 pRW-5 n PUMPING STATION ANFLOWMETER STATION
810 `� �` %P
RW-2
.\ 790
4" SDR-11 DRISCOPIPE
FROM WELLS RW-2, RW-4
AND RW-5 TO PUMPING
STATION A
PIPE CROSS UNDER
S.R. 2312
EL 850
DISCHARGE
POINT
EL 729
EL 850
1
tL aOU
EL 868
6" SDR-11 DRISCOPIPE
(1,000 SERIES), FROM
POINT A TO J
LEGEND:
o CLEAN —OUT PORT,
TOTAL 8, SPACED
1,000' TO 1,500'
• VALVE PIT, TOTAL 2,
LOCATED NORTH OF
POINT C
PIPE CROSS UNDER
NORFOLK SOUTHERN
RAILROAD MAINLINE
D\ AND STATE HWY. 70
NOTE:
ALL ELEVATIONS SHOWN ARE APPROXIMATE
1 GROUND SURFACE.
I SCALE
1,000 0 1,000 FEET
PIPLINE PLAN
SKETCH No. 2
CanonleEnviro=ental

1
I
I
I
I
i
I
91-171 —Al 7
BILL OF MATERIAL
.,r. .......... .... ... .. .. ..
TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD
TDH = 59'. FLOW = 150 GPM
90
so
WET WELL. MOUNTED
PUMP SELECTION CHART
SKETCH. No. 3

C-36
12
10
8
be
6
4
12
10
= 8
m
6
4
80
Q
W
= 60
Z
40
a
20
0
0
D Wet Well Mounted
Submersible Pump Station
Performance Curves
Pump Model 41-136
L _U Page 18
Smith& 14040 W. Santa Fe Trail Dr. February,1986
Loveless,lnc. Lenexa, Kansas 66215
RATED HP- I I
1740 RPM
�n30
MOOMMMMmm-
100 1200 300 400 500 600 700 g00
150
CAPACITY (g p m )
LLJ
U
W
U
Z O
< Z
� 2
O U
LL- L-j
W
Y
a_ V)
Z)
a
z
O Ld
a 0Of
W w V)
m o
� � o
z Lg
J =
W C7
to
3: I I
M '—J�JJ--JI lIl
60
E
1L.
40 W
2
qc
©Smith & Loveless, Inc.. 1986

0ytlotml Pomp
Lilting Stanehlon
Control Paml
4' Plug Nlletl -
4•Check Wlv.
S&L To HmJ '•win.
4• Dresser Coupling
r=!+s
T. :
(2) 4H36 SUBMERSIBLE
PUMPS WITH 11 HP.
• ;!-
® 1,740 RPM MOTORS
3 PHASE, 230/460V
Andw Boll
Qn
r- SECTIONAL ELEVATION
0
m
NOTE:
A 4n FLOWMETER PLUS A SHUT—OFF VALVE WILL BE
INSTALLED ON THE 47 DISCHARGE LINE OUTSIDE THE -
WET WELL TO RECORD THE TOTAL FLOW PUMPED INTO
THE FOURTH CREEK. A CONCRETE PIT WITH PROTECTION
COVER WILL HOUSE THE FLOWMETER AND SHUT—OFF VALVE
THE 4n STEEL PIPE WILL CONNECT TO THE 6" DIA. x
9,800 FT. LONG HDPE PIPE LINE OUTSIDE THE PIT.
— EL 9.71
DIG. Inlet Pips
LBy SB Ll
CROSS SECTION
_NOTE:
ASSUMED EL. 12.75 = EXISTING' GROUND SURFACE ELEVATION,
USGS EL. 870.
m
- G.S.
EL 12.75
91-161—A19
#• A... Condoil
EMIG— Location
I j' SprAa Conduit
Entrance Loealian
I •
1�1
./
♦t. II..II
61� `JI`J`J
m
{ARGE PIPING
CONNECTED
PIT THEN 9,800'
LINE
IZ
4'
"D• Sin Wet Wall Aen..
(Hinged Coven Not Shown)
PLAN VIEW
SMITH LOVELESS CO.
WET WELL PUMP LAYOUT
SKETCH No. 5
I
V
r N
Ro
0
A
m O
7
X N O
Ol
Ol
d 01 PED,
0
N �p
N q
Of 01
�v v
1n 7
�mm0y:e
c
Q ro » Q
m R A
mo3 v
m m c
rn Ly5
�3CL
v
U)
a

EXISTING GROUND
SURFACE
bo \\\IIIIIII
IIIIIII\�/�
.\.
co
-
I
0
to
,:.
u)
91-161—A20
NATURAL SOIL BACKFILL
COMPACTED TO 85%
STANDARD PROCTOR MAXIMUM
DRY DENSITY
\�
#2S SAND (SEE NOTE 2) BACKFILL
COMPACTED TO 95% STANDARD
PROCTOR MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY
6" DIA. SDR-11 DRISCOPIPE (1000 SERIES)
O.D. = 6.625'
ID. = 5.421"
NOTE:
1. THE GROUND WATER LEVEL AT SOUTHERN
STATES PLANT IS APPROXIMATELY 10' TO
20' BELOW GROUND SURFACE. IF HIGH
GROUND WATER LEVEL IS ENCOUNTERED
DURING THE EXCAVATION OF THE PIPE
TRENCH, THE CONTRACTOR SHALL NOTIFY
THE ENGINEER BEFORE ANY FURTHER
EXCAVATION.
S E C T I O N 2. REFER TO TABLE 1005-2 OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION 'STANDARD n
SCALE: 1"=� -o" SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROADS AND STRUCTURES',
JAN. 1990 EDITION FOR GRADATION. 00
i'—o" o
TRENCH DETAILS
SKETCH No. 6
Can®nieEnviro=ental

I-l- x r.
660.0
SHUT-OFF
VALVE
655.0 SEE NOTE 2
.z .
N
Marsxlw
N
z
SHUT-OFF
VALVE
POINT 'C' AS
SHOWN ON
SKETCH No. 1
NOTES:
1. ACCORDING TO THE AMERICAN RAILWAY ENGINEERING
ASSOCIATION (AR.E.A.) MANUAL PART 5 'PIPELINES'
SPECIFICATION, SECTION 5.2.5.2.1 AND 5.2.5.2.2,
THE MINIMUM DISTANCE REQUIRED BETWEEN THE BOTTOM
OF THE DITCH TO THE TOP OF THE CASING IS 3.0 FEET.
161-A23
A SR 2313
JOHN LONG ROAD
z
�7o EMERGENCY
SHUT-OFF
�O VALVE
A'
D
10" DIA. STEEL PIPE CASING
BORE AND JACK THROUGH
HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD
EMBANKMENTS
P L A N
SCALE: 1" =20'
25'
0
6" DIA. SDR-11
DRISCOPIPE (1000
SERIES)
POINT OF CROSSING IS
286.95 FEET WEST OF
MILE POST S-20
THE MINIMUM DISTANCE REQUIRED BETWEEN THE BOTTOM SEE NOTE 3
OF THE RAIL AND THE TOP OF THE CASING IS 5.5 FEET.
2. A.R.E.A. SPECIFICATION, PART 5, SECTION 5.2.5.3. OF RAILROAD - EL. 662.50
3. A.R.E.A. SPECIFICATION, PART 5, SECTION 5.2.4.4. CONTOUR SURVEY /
25' EAST OF _
CONTOUR SURVEY
AT rE OF JACKING EMERGENCY
CONTOUR SURVEY PIPE SHUT—OFF
25' WEST OF / VALVE
/ Z SEE NOTE 2
ww
Enf�OW
D`RECj10N Of
3.0' SEE NOTE 3
r
M
REFERENCES:
- CONCORD ENGINEERING & SURVEYING, INC.
DRAWING 2, JOB No. 56-1570.95.
/ 6" DIA. SDR-11
665.0
660.0
DRISCOPIPE (1000 655.0 n
- SERIES) I
- -- 10" DIA. STEEL PIPE JACKING PIPE PROFILE UNDER
CASING 0.25' THICK,TOTAHIGHWAY 70 AND NORFOLK
30' (ACTUAL LENGTH ENCRH SOUTHERN RAILROAD
AND BORE HOLE EMBANKMENTS
GEOMETRY MAY VARY 650.0
R O F I L E A- DURING CONSTRUCTION) SKETCH NO. 7
VERTICAL SCALE: 1"=5' /'1 CanonleEnvironmental
HORIZONTAL SCALE: 1"=20'

RING FRAME, CLASS 30,
CAST IRON, VULCAN V-1845
WITH COVER, VULCAN V-1384 1'-10" /
LIFTING HANDLE—
2" NIPPLE, THREAD ONE
END WITH 2" NPT AND
THE OTHER END WITH
STANDARD FIRE HOSE
THREAD
2" GATE VALVE FOR 2" —
THREADED ENDS
SOIL COVER-'
COMPACT SOIL PRIOR --�
TO INSTALLATION OF
CONCRETE MANHOLE
6" DIA. DRISCOPIPE -
STUB END (TYP.)
6" BACKUP RING
(TYP. 5 PLACES)
co
91-161—A21
CL 6" TEE AND 4' I.D. MANHOLE
MANHOLE, 4' I.D:. STAY -RIGHT
TANK Co. OR EQUAL
1" JOINT SEALANT, 'RV30' BUTYL
MAT'L. RU VAN INC. OR EQUAL
i r- GROUND SURFACE
e•.. •a
' e. .
a
• ' \x
2 1 /2" x 2" REDUCER BUSHING
THREADED, CARBON STEEL
c 6'TO 2 1 /2" 150# REDUCING
FLANGE, THREADED, FLAT FACE
(2), DOGHOUSE OPENINGS
• 12 HIGH x 8' WIDE
180' APART
.
N
` \ W
+I Lu
_T_
e
I 00
-H
fD
n
DIA. SDR-11 c
DRISCOPIPE
x 6 x 6 TEE (1000 SERIES)
DRISCOPIPE TEE SCALE: 1" = 1'-0"
1 ­0" 0
CLEANING PORT SECTION
SKETCH No. 8
CanohieEnviro=ental

91-161-A22
ROLI NA
REFERENCE: FROST PENETRATION MAP
— H. GAYLORD AND C. GAYLORD, 'STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING HANDBOOK', McGRAW HILL BOOK CO., SKETCH NO. 9
2ND EDITION, CHAPTER 5, FIGURE 1.

8" THICK RIPRAP
BLANKET
CLASS A STONE (SEE NOTE 2)
AVERAGE STONE SIZE
IS APPROX. 4"
2'-O"
P L A N
SCALE: 1/2" = 1'-0"
2'-0" 0 2'-0"
6" DIA. SDR-11 DRISCOPIPE
(1000 SERIES)
INVERT EL. 729f
(SEE NOTE 1)
-o*- FOURTH `°
91-161—A24
CREEK FLOW
NOTES:
1. THE INVERT ELEVATION MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE
FINAL SURVEY OF THE DISCHARGE LOCATION.
2. REFER TO TABLE 1005-2 OF NORTH CAROLINA DEPT.
OF TRANSPORTATION 'STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR
ROADS AND STRUCTURES', JAN. 1990 EDITION FOR
GRADATION.
RIPRAP BLANKET LAYOUT
SKETCH No. 10
Canons-oEnvironmental
n
4
N

4' x 4' x 4' HIGH CONCRETE
BOX ,NO BOTTOM, 2' HIGH TOP
RING AND 2' HIGH SECTION, \
6" THICK CONCRETE WALLS,
ASSOCIATED CONCRETE PRODUCTS,
INC., MODEL No. PL-3100 WITH
STEEL SAFETY DOUBLE DOOR
OR EQUAL
6'-U' I.D.
WET WELL
FLOW
o
I —
91-161—A30
NOTES:
4'-0" 1. ALL PIPE IS 4" DIA., SCH 40, CARBON STEEL
EXCEPT AS NOTED.
2. ALL FLANGES ARE 4"- 150# SLIP-ON, WITH
10" 6" RAISED FACES, CARBON STEEL.
3. DIMENSIONS SHOWN WERE TAKEN FROM VENDOR
CATALOGS.
4. FOR SECTION OF FLOWMETER PIT SEE DWG.
91-161-A31.
I I
HDPE
GASKET
6" TO 4" 150# REDUCING FLANGE,
SLIP-ON, FLAT FACE
6" BACUP RING
6" HDPE PIPE, SDR-11
10,000± FEET LONG
/ I I �— 4!' GATE VALVE, CAST IRON BODY,
CLASS 125, STOCKHAM G676 OR
150 GPM INDICATOR/TOTALIZER I SCALE: 3/4" = 1'-O"
FLOWMETER, WATER SPECIALISTS CO. (L 4" DIA. HOLE FOR
MODEL ML-04 WITH TR-16 FLOWMETER CONDUIT
TRANSMITTER, WIRE CONNECTED TO TYPICAL EACH SIDE
IN-48 RECORDER PLUG AS REQUIRED 1'-4" 0 1'-4"
2'-0" FLOWMETER PIT PLAN
TYPICAL
SKETCH No. 11
Canout-eEnvironmental
n
I
w

4' x 4' x 4' HIGH CONCRETE
BOX ,NO BOTTOM, 2' HIGH TOP
RING AND 2' HIGH SECTION,
6" THICK CONCRETE WALLS,
ASSOCIATED CONCRETE PRODUCTS,
INC., MODEL No. PL-3100 WITH
STEEL SAFETY DOUBLE DOOR
OR EQUAL
4" DIA. HOLE FOR FLOWMETER�
CONDUIT, TYPICAL EACH SIDE,
PLUG AS REQUIRED
io
00
I
WET WELL
101,
_ °
n
_ I I F•i rl I I I I F •
sa,
LO71
0 0 0 0•a o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o a o 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.
e
150 GPM INDICATOR/TOTALIZER --J
FLOWMETER, WATER SPECIALTIES CO.
MODEL ML-04 WITH TR-16
TRANSMITTER, WIRE CONNECTED TO
IN-48 RECORDER
1 1/2" TO 3/4" COMPACTED CRUSHED STONE, —
SIZE No. 4, NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION 'STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR
ROADS AND STRUCTURES', TABLE 1005-1
91-161—A31
NOTES:
1. ALL PIPE IS 4" DIA., SCH 40, CARBON STEEL
EXCEPT AS NOTED.
2. ALL FLANGES ARE 4"- 150# SLIP-ON, WITH
RAISED FACES, CARBON STEEL.
3. DIMENSIONS SHOWN WERE TAKEN FROM VENDOR
CATALOGS.
GROUND SURFACE
6" TO 4" 150# REDUCING °moo
FLANGE, SLIP-ON, FLAT FACE
M
11�
6 BACKUP RING
WITH GASKET
6" HDPE PIPE, SDR-11
10,000t FEET LONG
1 _ 6" �1 TYP. ALL AROUND
r
4" GATE VALVE, CAST IRON BODY,
CLASS 125, STOCKHAM G676 OR
EQUAL SCALE: 3/4' = 1'-0"
1'-4' 0 1'-4'
FLOWMETER PIT SECTION
SKETCH No. 12
Cano leEnvironmental

C-45
LO
n
a
I
I
rn
N
NOTES:
1. FOR PIPE DETAIL LAYOUT AND NEARBY
UTILITYIES SEE CONCORD ENGINEERING
AND SURVEYING, INC., SHEET 1 of 2,
JOB No. 92-03-14.
2. FOR PIPELINE PLAN SEE SKETCH No. 2.
3. FOR TRENCH DETAILS SEE SKETCH
No. 6.
4. COMPACT SOIL TO 95% STANDARD PROCTOR
MAX. DRY DENSITY. COMPACTION SHALL BE
CHECKED AT 5' INTERVALS ALONG ARC TO
ASSURE RESISTANCE TO THE THRUST FORCE
OF WATER FLOW IN THE PIPE.
SCALE
10 0 10 FEET
PIPE BEND PLAN AT POINT B
SKETCH No. 13
Can®n1eEnvironmental

N NOTES:
1. FOR
PIPING
PLAN AND
LOCATION OF POINT 'C',
SEE
SKETCH
No. 2.
2. FOR
TRENCH
DETAIL,
SEE
SKETCH
No. 6.
3. FOR
PIPE JACKING, SEE
SKETCH No.
7.
i
7
L
C
Z
4'-0" I.D. x 4'—O"± DEEP
CONCRETE MANHOLE, STAY —RIGHT,
CO. OR EQUAL
DUCTILE IRON
BACKUP RING
(TYP.)
6 " DIA. SDR-11
HDPE PIPE
4. SAND IS TO BE COMPACTED
TO A 95% STANDARD PROCTOR
MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY
6!' DIA. STOCKHAM —
G613 IRON FLANGED
GATE VALVE
i
"SEE NOTE 4
a . 00° < .°
a'
t
; • / •.. /' . �
— — ��a n
, d.
SEE NOTE 4 ;4
USE 60' DRISCOPIPE ELBOW
FOR INSTALLATION, ADJUST 2'
IN THE PIPE LAYOUT POINT 'C'
P L A N SEE NOTE 1
SCALE:
1'-0" 0
91-161—A34
`— 10"
DIA. PROTECTIVE
CASING (0.25' THICK)
UNDER HWY. 70
AND
RAILROAD
(SEE
NOTE 3)
LEAN
CONCRETE
FILL
TO 6" ABOVE
TOP
OF HDPE PIPE
PIPE BEND PLAN AT POINT 'C'
SKETCH No. 14
Canons-eEnvironmental

APPENDIX D
RECOVERY WELL PUMP DESIGN CALCULATIONS
PR\W:\91-191\CAPAPP.COV [Jan. 14, 19941 Canout-eEnviro=ental

APPENDIX D
Date: January 25, 1994
Calcs. By: �5
Checked by:
1 Symbols:
Q - Flow rate
L - Length of pipe
D - Pipe diameter
r - Pipe radius
I Az - Elevation change
g - Acceleration of gravity
v - Kinematic viscosity of water at 500 Fahrenheit (1.41 x 10"5 ft2/sec)
f - Friction factor
NR - Reynolds number
hL - Friction loss in closed conduits
H - Head pressure expressed as feet of water column
e - Absolute roughness
e/D - Relative roughness
Acronyms:
F - Fahrenheit
gpm - Gallons per minute
ft - Feet
gal - Gallons
in - Inches
sec- Seconds
min - Minutes
psi - Pounds per square inch
Reference:
Franzini, J. B., Linsiey, R. K., 1979, McGraw-Hill Series in Water Resources and
Environmental Engineering, 3rd. Edition, pgs. 278-281.
Assumptions:
1. Water temperature equals 50°F
2. All pipes are assumed to be smooth
PR1WA91-1611CAP.APD Wan. 26, 19941
CanonleEnvironmental

Head Loss from Well RW-5 to the Lift Station
Q
= 100 gpm
L =
700 ft
D =
4in = 0.33ft
r=2in=0.17ft
Az=loft
V = Q107r2)
V = 100 gpm / [n x (0.17 ft)2] x (1 min / 60 sec) x (1 ft3 / 7.48 gal)
V = 2.5 ft/sec
NR = DV/v
NR = 0.33 ft x 2.5 ft/sec / [1.41 x 10-5 ft2/sec]
NR = 59,000
f = 0.0195
hL = fLV2/[D2g]
hL = 0.0195 x 700 ft x (2.5 ft/sec)2 / [0.33 ft x 2 x 32.2 ft/sec2]
hL = 4.0 ft
H, = hL + Az
H, = 4.0ft + 10ft
H,=14ft
PR%W-191-1911CAP.APD [Jan. 26, 19941
D-2
CanonleEnvironmental

Head Loss from Well RW-4 to RW-5
Q =
100 gpm
L =
1,000 ft
D =
4in = 0.33 ft
r_=
2in = 0.17ft
Az
= 40 ft
V = Q/(77r2)
V = 100 gpm / [n x (0.17 ft)2] x (1 min / 60 sec) x (1 ft3 / 7.48 gal)
V = 2.5 ft/sec
NR = DV/v
NR = 0.33 ft x 2.5 ft/sec / [1.41 x 10-5 ft2/sec]
NR = 59,000
f = 0.0195
hL = fLV2/[D2g]
hL = 0.0195 x 1,000 ft x (2.5 ft/sec)2 / [0.33 ft x 2 x 32:2 ft/sec2]
hL = 5.7 ft
H2 = hL + Az
H2 = 5.7 ft + 40 ft
H2 = 46 ft
PR%W:\91-1611CAP.APD Wan. 26, 19941
D-3
CanowteEnvironmentat

Head Loss from Well RW-2 to RW-4
Q = 80 gpm
L=700ft
D = 4in = 0.33 ft
r=2in=0.17ft
Az = 30 ft
V = Q/07r2)
V = 80 gpm / [n x (0.17 ft)2] x (1 min / 60 sec) x (1 ft' / 7.48 gal)
V = 2.0 ft/sec
NR = DV/v
NR = 0.33 ft x 2.0 ft/sec / [1.41 x 10-5 ft2/sec]
NR = 47,000
f = 0.021
hL = fLV2/[D2g]
hL = 0.021 x 700 ft x (2.0 ft/sec)2 / [0.33 ft x 2 x 32.2 ft/sec2]
hL = 2.8 ft
H3 = hL + Az
H3 = 2.8 ft + 30 ft
H3 = 33 ft
PRUA91-1611CAP.APD [Jan. 25, 19941
D-4
Canoes-eEnvironmental

Sizing Specifications for RW-2 Well Puma
Q = 80 gpm
' L=70ft
D=2in=0.17ft
r=1in=0.083ft
Az=60ft
e = 0.001 ft
V = Q/(%nr2)
V = 80 gpm / [rr x (0.083 ft)2] x (1 min / 60 sec) x (1 ft' / 7.48 gal)
V = 8.2 ft/sec
NR = DV/v
NR = 0.17 ft x 8.2 ft/sec / [1.41 x 10-5 ft2/sec]
NR = 99,000
e/D = 0.001 ft/0.17 ft
e/D = 0.006
f = 0.033
hL = fLV2/[D2g]
hL = 0.033 x 70 ft x (8,2 ft/sec)2 / [0,17 ft x 2 x 32.2 ft/sec2]
hL = 14 ft
H4 = hL + Oz
H4=14ft+60ft
H4 = 74 ft
PR\W:\91-161\CAP.APD [Jan.26, 19941
OW
CanowteEnvironmental

HT=H,
+H2+H3+H4
HT=
14ft
+
46ft
+
33ft + 74
HT = 167 ft = 72 psi
• Grundfos Model Number 75S50-8 pumps 80 gpm at 167 feet of TDH.
Sizina Specifications for RW-4 Well Pum
Q
= 25 gpm
L=130ft
D=2in=0.17ft
r=1in=0.083ft
Az
= 120 ft
.e =
0.001 ft
V = Q/(7r2)
V = 25 gpm / [n x (0.083 ft)2] x (1 min / 60 sec) x (1 ft3 / 7.48 gal)
V = 2.6 ft/sec
NR = DV/v
NR = 0.17 ft x 2.6 ft/sec / [1.41 x 10-5 ft2/sec]
NR = 31,000
e/D = 0.001 ft/0.17 ft
e/D = 0.006
f = 0.035
hL = fLV2/[D2g]
PR%W:%91-161%CAP.APD IJan. 25, 19941
FOR
CanonleEnviro=ental

hL = 0.035 x 130 ft x (2.6 ft/sec)2 / [0.17 ft x 2 x 32.2 ft/sec2]
hL = 2.8 ft
H5 = hL + Az
H5 = 2.8ft + 120ft
H5 = 123 ft = 53 psi
HT=H,
+H2+H5
HT=
14 ft
+
46 ft + 123 ft
HT = 183 ft = 79 psi
• Grundfos Model Number 25S20-11 pumps 29 gpm at 183 feet TDH
Sizina Specifications for RW-5 Well Pum
Q =
25 gpm
L =
150 ft
D=2in=0.17ft
r =
1 "in = 0.083 ft
Oz=140ft
e =
0.001 ft
V = Q/(77r2)
V = 25 gpm / [n x (0.083 ft)2] x (1 min / 60 sec) x (1 ft' / 7.48 gal)
V = 2.6 ft/sec
NR = DV/v
NR = 0.17 ft x 2.6 ft/sec / [ 1.41 x 10-5 ft2/sec]
NR = 31.000
PR\W:\91-161\CAP.APD Ilan. 26, 19941
bm►
Can®n1eEnviro=ental

e/D = 0.001 ft/0.17 ft
e/D = 0.006
If = 0.035
IhL = fLV2/[D2g]
hL = 0.035 x 150 ft x (2.6 ft/sec)2 / [0.17 ft x 2 x 32.2 ft/sec2]
hL = 3.2 ft
He = hL + Az
He = 3.2ft + 140ft
He = 143 ft = 62 psi
HT=H,+He,
HT = 14 ft + 143 ft
HT = 157 ft = 68 psi
• Grundfos Model Number 25S20-11 pumps 31 gpm at 157 feet TDH.
PR%W:%91-161%CAP.APD IJen. 26, 19941
M
CanonieEnvironmental

APPENDIX E
RECOVERY WELL CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
PR\W:\91-191\CAPAPP.COV [Jan. 14, 19941
Ciatt®nteEnviro=ental

Canon-io
Recovery
Well Detail
PROJECT No. 91-161
WELL No. RW-2
PROJECT NAME SOUTHERN STATES COOPERATIVE, INC.
WELL LOCATION SEE DRAWING 91-161-136 DATE 1-15-94 BY JCV
CONCRETE PAD
GROUND SURFACE
10. ? i
PROPOSED "'�— NOMINAL 10" DIA. BOREHOLE
5" DIA. STEEL
CASING 10" DIA. STEEL CASING
`n TOP OF ROCK 6" DIA. STEEL CASING
CONCRETE
N -tk CONCRETE BASKET
LJ PROPOSED
b u 0.020" SLOT
STAINLESS STEEL
SCREEN
4
Co
REFERENCES:
- LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, JOB No. 56-1570,
RW-2, FIGURE 5.
FRACTURED
BEDROCK
D
NOMINAL 6" DIA. OPEN HOLE
PROPOSED PACKER SEAL OR
GROUT LEVEL
NOTE:
ALL CONSTRUCTION IS EXISTING
EXCEPT AS NOTED.

E72
Canoni-e
Recovery
Well Detail
PROJECT No. 91-161
WELL No. RW-4
PROJECT NAME SOUTHERN STATES COOPERATIVE, INC.
WELL LOCATION SEE DRAWING 91-161-66 DATE 1-5-94 BY JCV
STEEL PROTECTIVE COVER
WITH LOCKING LID
i
TOP OF CASING
GROUND SURFACE
DEPTH 0.0'
CONCRETE SURFACE SEAL
TOP OF GROUT
DEPTH 3.0'
CEMENT—BENTONITE GROUT
6" DIA. STEEL RISER PIPE
T
DEPTH 28.0'OP OF SEAL
--- BENTONITE SEAL
T
DEPTH 31.0'OP OF SAND
CLEAN FINE SAND
TOP OF FILTER PACK
DEPTH 33.0'
.'
TOP OF SCREEN
-
DEPTH 35.0'
— '•
0.010" SLOT 6" DIA.
STAINLESS STEEL
SCREEN
GRAVEL PACK
BOTTOM OF SCREEN
......••••
DEPTH 110.0'
..........
DEPTH 111.01 BOTTOM OF BORING
17' DIA.

E-3
Canon-io
Recovery
Well Detail
PROJECT No. 91-161
WELL No. RW-5
PROJECT NAME SOUTHERN STATES COOPERATIVE, INC.
WELL LOCATION SEE DRAWING 91-161—B6 DATE 1-5-94 BY JCV
STEEL PROTECTIVE COVER
WITH LOCKING LID
TOP OF CASING
GROUND SURFACE
DEPTH 0.01
CONCRETE SURFACE SEAL
'
TOP OF GROUT
DEPTH 3.0'
''
CEMENT—BENTONITE GROUT
•'
y
6" DIA. STEEL RISER PIPE
DEPTH 43.0;TOP OF SEAL
BENTONITE SEAL
DEPTH 46.0;TOP OF SAND
CLEAN FINE SAND
TOP OF FILTER PACK
DEPTH 48.0'
'
TOP OF SCREEN
-
DEPTH 50.0'
—
'•
0.010" SLOT 6" DIA.
_
STAINLESS STEEL
SCREEN
GRAVEL PACK
BOTTOM OF SCREEN
DEPTH 70.0'
..........
..
DEPTH 71.0, BOTTOM OF BORING
12" DIA.

I
HOA 105 1105
a- H -a-
El
LSHH 106 105
LSHL 105 RW-5
ISHL 104 RW-4 LSHL 102 RW-2
HOA 102 lSHH
HDA 105 < I } — —
HOA 105 V 106 f06
HOA 106 �— LSHL
HOA 107
106
FLOW
CONTROL
VALVE
T-1 WET WELL SUMP
Y DIA CLEANING PORE
(TYP. EVERY 1.000 FEET)
DISCHARGE TO
FOURTH CREEK
LEGEND:
HOA
fo7
PANEL MOUNTED HAND —OFF —AUTO SWITCH
LSHL
1D6
LEVEL SWITCH HIGH/LOW
LE
105
LEVEL ELEMENT
0LSHH
106
LEVEL SWITCH HIGH HIGH
F01
toe
FLOW TOTALIZING INDICATOR
FQI
1os
FLOW TOALIZING INDICATOR WITH PANEL
MOUNTED READ OUT
O
ELECTRICAL INTERLOCK
HIT
SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
P-6
SUMP PUMP
PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
oa
NORMALLY OPEN VALVE
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
►�
NORMALLY CLOSED VALVE
PREPARED FOR
SOUTHERN STATES
►TV
CHECK VALVE
COOPERATIVE, INC.
CanonvieEnviro=ental

EXISTING GROUND -
SURFACE (SEE NOTE
NATURAL SOIL BACKFILL
COMPACTED TO 85%
STANDARD PROCTOR MAXIMUM
DRY DENSITY
025 SAND (SEE NOTE 4) BACKFILL
COMPACTED TO 95% STANDARD
PROCTOR MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY
6' DIA SDR-11 DRISCOPIPE (1000 SERIES)
O.D. m 6.625'
ID. a 5.421'
Ir THICK RIPRAP BLANKET
CLASS A STONE (SEE NOTE 4)
AVERAGE STONE SIZE -V6
IS APPROX. 47
Li DIA SDR-II DRISCOPIPE
(1000 SERIES)
INVERT EL 729±
(SEE NOTE 1) b
i— FOUR%N m CREEK FLOW
r�ailtss«.
2­7.
6' TEE AND 4' I.D. MANHOLE
RING FRAME, C1A55 30,
CAST IRON, WLCAN V—/845
�(L
LIFTING HANDLE
WITH COVER, WLCAN V-1384 1'-1lY
MANHOLE, W I.D.. STAY -RIGHT
TANK Co. OR EQUAL
I- JOINT SEALANT, 'RV30' BUTYL MArL.
\F_
RU VAN INC. OR EQUAL
'
GROUND SURFACE
A I
—b
_•
e
2 1/7 x 2' REDUCER BUSHING
THREADED, CARBON STEEL
Y NIPPLE, THREAD ONE
END WITH 2' NFT AND
G TO 2 1/Z' 1501 REDUCING
THE OTHER END WITH
FLANGE, THREADED, FLAT FACE
STANDARD FIRE HOSE
THREAD
Y GATE VALVE FOR Y
4� OGH°xUSE INGS
,H
THREADED ENDS 3o
B' YAP DE
180 APART
SOIL COVER.)
COMPACT SOIL PRIOR I DNA. STIR-11
8'-IF TO INSTALLATION OF DRISCOPIPE
CONCRETE MANHOLE 1'-5 6' x 6" x 5' TEE (1000 SERIES)
G DIA DRISCOPIPE DRISCOPIPE TEE
TYPICAL TRENCH SECTION RIPRAP BLANKET LAYOUT STUB END (1YP.)
SCALE V - 1'—LF SCALE. 1/Y o 1•-Q' TYP5"PLAC6; CLEANING PORT SECTION
1'-Q• 0 1'-0' 2'-0' 2'-0' 0 2'-LY 4'-0' SCALE. 1' - 1'-0'
1'-C' 0 1'-0' 2'-0'
4' x 4' x 4' HIGH CONCRETE
BOx ,NO BOTTOM, 2' HIGH TOP
RING AND 2' HIGH SECTION,
6' THICK CONCRETE WALLS,
ASSOCIATED CONCRETE PRODUCTS,
INC., MODEL No. PL-310D WITH
STEEL SAFETY DOUBLE DOOR
OR EQUAL
WET WELL
C4' DNA. HOLE FOR FLOWMETER-1
ONDUIT. TYPICAL EACH SIDE 1
PLUG AS REQUIRED
WELLCOVER, WATER TICHf,
ALUMINUM, WffH ELECTRICAL
RECOVERY WELL
CONDUIT CONNECTION
RIGID ELECTRICAL CONDUIT
C DIA WELL CASING,
CARBON STEEL
ELECTRICAL DISCONNECT
SWITCH
5'-0'
GROUND SURFACE
(SEE NOTE 3)
'' VALVE PIT, 2' HIGH TOP
ND 2' HIGH SECTION,
//�\\K
CONCRETE WALLS,
TED CONCRETE PRODUCTS,
ERIES 4050WITH DOUBLEK
TO 4' 1501 REDUCING
FLANGE SLIP-ON, FIAT FACE6'
I / /
\ \TEEL
LRIN�
SAFETY DOOR OR EQUAL
*
/
\NOTE
ND SURFACE
BACKUP N
3)
WITH GASKET
Ftl
10'
1 1I-4-IH S
SDI 9
'
I.'.
I
(MIN.) I I I I I
'�• 'r-lNGE
E HOPE PIPE, SDR-11
10.000i FEET LONG
4' DIA. SDR-11
HOE OR SCH BO PVC PIPE
NOTES:
1. THE INVERT ELEVATION MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE
FINAL SURVEY OF THE DISCHARGE POINT.
2. THE GROUND WATER LEVEL AT SOUTHERN STATES
PLANT IS APPROXIMATELY 10' TO 20' BELOW
GROUND SURFACE IF HIGH GROUND WATER LEVEL
IS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE EXCAVATION OF THE
PIPE TRENCH, THE CONTRACTOR SHALL NOTIFY THE
ENGINEER BEFORE ANY FURTHER EXCAVATION.
3. FOR GROUND SURFACE ELEVATIONS SEE 1969 U.S.G.S.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP, STATESVILLE EAST, AND SHEPARDS,
NORTH CAROLING
4. REFER TO TABLE 1005-2 OF NORTH CAROLINA DEPT.
OF TRANSPORTATION 'STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR
ROADS AND STRUCTURES', JAN. 1990 EDITION FOR
GRADATION.
150 GPM INDICATOR/TOTAUZER�
FLOWMETER, WATER SPECALTIES CO.
��
-
MODEL ML-G4 WITH TR-16
TRANSMITTER, WIRE CONNECTED TO
IN-48 RECORDER
4' GATE VALVE, CAST IRON BODY,
CLASS 125. STOCKHAM G676 OR
8' DIA PRE -CASE OPENINGS FOR PIPES,
EQUAL
TYPICAL EACH END WALL
1 1/2' TO 3/4 COMPACTED CRUSHED STONE
2' TURBINE FLOWMETER WITH
OPENIIN NGS
THE FB SEALED WITH A CEMENT
SIZE No. NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT
TOTALIZER. BADGER OR EQUAL
TRANSPORTATION 'STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
ROADS AND STRUCTURES' TABLE 1005-1
LIFT STATION VALVE PR NOTES
1. ALL PIE IS 4' DNA., SCH 40, CARBON STEEL
EXCEPT AS NOTED.
b
2' SWING CHECK VALVE
2'
TOY 150/ REDUCING FLANGE
LIFT STATION VALVE PIT
SECTION 2.
USED ACES, CARBON STFLANGES ARE e- EEL ON, WITH
RECOVERY WELT VALVE PIT NOTES' GATE VALVE
1 ALL PIPE IS Z' DIAL, SCH 40. CARBON STEEL
4- COMPACTED
CRUSHED STOTO NE, AASHTO
EKCEPT AS NOTED.
I DESIGNATION M43-58 SIZE No. 4
SCALE: 31,C m 1-0'
3. DIMENSIONS SHOWN WERE TAKEN FROM VENDOR
CATALOGS.
2. ALL RANGES ARE 2'- 150 THREADED, WITH
d
RAISED FACES, CARBON STEEL. EXCEPT AS NOTED.
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
''-°' '- '`
2,-0RECOVERY
WELL VALVE
PIT SECTION
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SCALE 3/4' - 1'-0'
PREPARED FOR
1-4' 0 1'-4'
2'-(i
SOUTHERN STATES
COOPERATIVE, INC.
CanowieEnviro=ental

A
9Do
880
860
840
ezo
700
680
660
640
RW-S RW-4 RW-2
PROFILE A -A'
VIEW LOOKING SOUTHEAST
VEROCAL SCALE
20 0 20 40 FEET
HORIZONTAL SCALE
100 0 100 200 FEET
VERTICAL EXAGGERATION = 5x
REFERENCES•
LAW ENVIRONMENTAL 'HYDROGEOLOGIC CROSS SEC00NS',
SOUTHERN STATES FERTRZE2 FLINT. JOB No. 56-1570.
FIGURE 7. REVISED NOVEMBER 1991.
A'
900
880
860
840
ego
800
780 J
760
Z
0
�>Qy
740 W
720
700
680
660
640
620
LEGEND:
APPROXIMATE GROUND SURFACE (SOIL)
— ••�•••— APPROXIMATE GROUND WATER ELEVATION
AR
APPROXIMATE AUGER REFUSAL ELEVATION (AR)
TOR _
APPROXIMATE TOP OF ROCK (TOR)
SCREEN INTERVAL
GROUT SEAL INTERVAL
NOT TO SCALE
PROFILE A -A'
PROPOSED RECOVERY WELLS
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED FOR
SOUTHERN STATES
COOPERATIVE, INC.
Canonw-Enviro=ental

A1-28-94 ISSUED TO NCDEHNR
No. I DATE ISSUE / REVISION
50
K65W6" E"
Q Ioo
15
K65W679 3600
REFERENCES:
tint �� �� — LAW ENVIRONMENTAL
SOUTHERN STATES FERTILIZER
PLANT, JOB. No. 56-9606,
MN. BY CK'D BY AP'D BY FIGURE 1, REVISED 6-91.
K65W6"C"e
9(2-
0
LEGEND:
+T ! RAILROAD
—x—x— FENCE
----PROPERTY LINE
•-CREEK
DIRECTION OF FLOW
- TEST/OBSERVATION WELL
LEI WATER TABLE MONITORING WELL
LEI DEEP MONITORING WELL
_10—CONCENTRATION ISOPLETH FOR NO2 + NO3 (MG/L)
ESTIMATED BOUNDARY OF RADIUS OF INFLUENCE
(SEE NOTE 2)
0 PROPOSED GROUND WATER RECOVERY WELL
170
K65W7" 1" RW-4 K65W7" E" m
$5 0 7 %
R\ Q;eK65W_l'9 13 fl SO `
K65W7" H"
NOTES:
1. THE EXISTING TEST WELL RW-2 WILL BE
USED AS A GROUND WATER RECOVERY WELL.
2. ESTIMATED RADIUS OF INFLUENCE WAS
MEASURED WHILE PUMPING RW-2 ONLY
AT APPROXIMATELY 50 gpm. RADIUS OF
INFLUENCE WILL CHANGE WHEN PUMPING
RW-4 AND RW-5 IN ADDITION TO RW-2.
K65W7" G"
K65W7" F
\ K65W7" (f SEE 81 1�/
` 1<65W7" B" 6��5 SO
e
K65W7" D"; � _
-RW-1 APPROXIMATE SCALE
/200 0 200 FEET
PROPOSED GROUND WATER
RECOVERY WELL LOCATION PLAN
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED FOR
SOUTHERN STATES
COOPERATIVE, INC.
Canon oEnviro=ental
DATE: 3-5-92 1
FIGURE 4 DRAWING NUMBER
SCAIF• AC cHnWN 91-161—B6

N -
REFERENCES:
— PIEDMONT AERIAL SURVEYS, PHOTOGRAMMETERIC
SERVICES, GREENSBORO. N.C., SHEET N...
4762.02. 4763.OZ 4763.04. 4764.04. 4772.01
AND 4773.01. DATED MARCH 1981.
— CHABETSBURG MAP Na.S 5N AND FJ.
— IREDELL CO.. TAX MAP No. 5N
—_— FENCE
RAILROAD
UNIMPROVED ROAD
--- PROPERTY LINE
CREEK
DIRECTION OF FLOW
CLEAR
W E—D " TREE LINE
�ssBE LOT NUMBER
PROPOSED DISCHARGE PIPE ROUTE
O RW-2 PROPOSED RECOVERY WELL
0 FEET
OLINA
PREPARED FOR
SOUTHERN STATES
COOPERATIVE, INC.
Canonw-Enviro=ental

N 1-
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GARAGE
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FORMER
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FORMER
POND
REFERENCES'
— LAW ENVIRONMENTAL
SOUTHERN STATES FERTILIZER
PLANT, JOB. No. 56-1570.
FIGURE 2, REVISED 11-91.
K65W6(pK65W6" E"
eK65W6"A' RW-50
° K65W6"C"15
I I
O
0K65W8
R
K65W6" D"
K65W7' I" RW-4
K65W7 65W7'9
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K65W7' H"
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�� FORMER \
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�� No. 2 I
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LEGEND:
-f
RAILROAD
-x—x—x-
FENCE
----
PROPERTY LINE
— - .—
CREEK
DIRECTION OF FLOW
TEST/OBSERVATION WELL
LEI WATER TABLE MONITORING WELL
LEI DEEP MONITORING WELL
O
PROPOSED GROUND WATER RECOVERY WELL
O
NCDEHNR MONITORING WELL (ABANDONED)
NOTE:
1. THE EXISTING TEST WELL RW-2 WILL BE
USED AS A GROUND WATER RECOVERY WELL
—....... -11
SCALE
100 0 100 200 FEET
WELL LOCATION PLAN
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED FOR
SOUTHERN STATES
COOPERATIVE, INC.
Canonw-Enviro=ental.

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L LAW ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
v� III CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPOSE® RECOVERY WELL LOCATIONS
SOUTHERN STATES FERTILIZER PLANT
K'"" STATESVILLE. NORTH CAROLINA p0
JOB NO. 56-1570.94 1 FIGURE 2

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