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Location of Smith and Austin Creeks Project
Wake County, NC
U Austin r` ek
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Forest in the Heritage Development. From US1 North turn right/northeast on highway 1-A for about 1 mile. Then right on
Rogers Road for about 1 mile and left on Heritage Lake Road for about 0.5 miles to parking area at soccer fields on left.
- 67
3
as stem
PROGRAM
Smith and Austin Creeks Project
Reach ID's, Lengths, and Mitigation Types
egend N
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Please note that length of reach SR1 a should be 745 ft, not 525 ft.1
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7. Smith/Austin Creeks, Wake Forest (Wake County)
Biological samples have been collected from four locations to assess this
restoration project. Because of the relatively large size of these streams, full scale
samples were collected prior to construction (2001) and during all post-construction
surveys (2003 through 2007). Two stations were established on Austin Creek: station 1
at Jones Dairy Road was used as the upstream reference reach for this project and station
2 was within the restoration reach. The stream at station 1 appears to be relatively stable.
Triaenodes and Serratella were common at this site during the pre-construction survey,
which probably is related to the microhabitat requirements for these two taxa (stable
banks and moss on rocks) and this was the only site with any stoneflies. Stoneflies were
not collected at this site in 2004 and 2005 suggesting stress during this time period;
however three stonefly taxa were collected at this site in 2006 (Eccoptura xanthenes was
abundant). Station 2 on Austin Creek is within the restoration reach of this feature. Prior
to construction it had a relatively wide riparian zone with some instream habitat, although
much of the substrate was shifting sand. EPT taxa richness and abundance values were
much lower at this site than all others during the pre-construction survey. Many of the
structures that were constructed during this project were completely covered by sediment
during the 2004 and 2005 investigations. In addition to the effects of sediment, beavers
also constructed dams on the main stem of Austin Creek within the restoration reach.
Two stations were also established on Smith Creek. Smith Creek #1, which is within the
restoration reach, is very unstable and the substrate is composed primarily of shifting
sand. Extremely productive emergent macrophyte growths along the bank and algae with
the stream channel are very common suggesting enrichment. Smith Creek #2 is below
the confluenee7vith Austin Creek. Smith Creek at this point also was channelized in the
past and had excessive amounts of sediment.
16
The attached figure for this project summarizes the changes in Dominant in
Common values at the two restored reaches of this project (Smith Creek below the
confluence with
Dominant in Common values for Austin and Smith Creeks
70% (Au_gust 2001 - August 2007
Il Austin 2
60% ¦ Smith 1
50%
0 40%-
Z5 30%
20%
10%
0%
Aug 01 Aug 03 July 04 Aug 05 Aug 06 Aug 07
Survey Dates
Austin Creek was
not included in this
comparison) and
Tables IOa and 10b
summarize the data
from this project.
The data
summarized in
Tables 9a and 9b
suggest that water
quality conditions
improved at all of
the locations in
2003, including data
from the reference
reach (much less so at the Smith Creek 2 location); but that water quality conditions
declined during the 2004 surveys at all locations. Note the increase in the 2003 DIC
index values and the number of indicator species at the two restoration reaches (Austin
Creek 2 and Smith Creek 1). Much lower taxa richness and EPT abundance values were
noted at both Austin Creek locations during the 2004 investigations and EPT taxa
richness values also declined at both Smith Creek sites. DIC numbers declined at both
restored sites in 2004 compared to the data collected in 2003, and were very similar to
those values recorded during the 2001-pro-cGristruction survey.
Taxa richness and EPT abundance values continue to decline at the reference
reach at Austin Creek 41 during the 2005 survey. Only 4 indicator taxa were collected
during this survey and there were no stoneflies collected at this site. Taxa richness values
also declined at the two restoration locations in 2005 compared to those recorded in
previous post-construction surveys and are fairly similar to pre-construction numbers.
DIC values at these two sites improved slightly in 2005, but these increases may be an
artifact of poorer water quality conditions at the reference reach. Water quality
conditions also appear to be lower at the Smith Creek monitoring location below the
confluence with Austin Creek (lower total taxa richness, EPT abundance and DIC
values). These data are complicated by the presence of beavers causing flow alterations
in Austin Creek and general build-out in both catchments.
,. f ..... ?l,n ?trcom ro i-tinn nrniart at Cmith and An tin Creekc-
a. JLLllllllul "-'.''Awv.&. 4.
Austi ....-....-____ ------------ --
n Cr. #1 (Reference)
Aust
in Cr #2 (Restored)
-
-
rvey
i
i 8/01 8/03 7/04 8/05 8/06 8/07 8/01 8/03 7/04
1 8/05 8/06 8/07
richness
taxa
Total 35 49 45 40 42 31 26 54 38 29 38 25
richness 11 15 6 4 14 9 7 14 10 6 11 7
EPT abundance 55 70 35 24 71 46 29 83 41 23 57 43
Dominant in
Common Taxa* - - - - - - 33% 63% 27% 31% 52% 50%
# Indicatorspecies 5 8 6 4 8 7 1 4 5 3 3 4
*Abundant and common taxa were usea in me anaiyscs.
17
Tahle 9h Snmmarv ctntictirc frnm tha ctranm ractnrotinn -;-+ ?+ c..,:+L. --A n...:.,
Sm ith Cr. #1 (restored) Smith Cr. #2 (below confluence)
Metric/Survey 8/01 8/03 7/04 8/05 8/06 8/07 8/01 8/03 7/04 8/05 8/06 8/07
Total taxa richness 34 48 52 37 43 34 42 41 42 33 35 33
EPT taxa richness 11 13 10 6 13 7 12 12 9 9 9 6
EPT abundance 68 64 34 37 53 36 43 52 47 28 51 21
Dominant in
Common Taxa* 48% 60% 46% 58% 48% 50% 48% 37% 54% 38% 56% 0%/o
# Indicatorspecies 2 4 3 2 5 4 5 4 4 6 4 J
rwuuuaIR anu t,ommon taxa were usea in the analyses.
Biological data collected from Austin Creek in 2006 and 2007 indicate an
improvement in the fauna at the restored reach relative to the 2005 survey information.
Taxa richness values, EPT abundance and the Dominant in Common taxa were all greater
in 2006. This may be a reflection of changes in flow conditions as it appeared that the
beaver population had been eliminated from this reach of Austin Creek and lotic
conditions were again restored. During the 2007 investigation the DIC value was very
similar to the 2006 survey suggesting very little change between years. However, lower
numbers of taxa were found which may be a response to drought and flow conditions
noted during August 2007. Overall the fauna at this location appears to have improved
only slightly above pre-construction conditions. Much higher biological metrics (EPT
taxa richness, EPT abundance and number of indicator taxa) were found at Smith Creek
41 in 2006 but these values declined again in 2007 apparently responded to very low flow
conditions. The fauna at this location was dominated by the deposit feeding mayfly
Tricorythodes suggesting in input of FPOM from upstream sources. A comparison to
pre-construction conditions at this location indicates little improvement m t e ` enthic
fauna. These data suggest that these two stream features seem to be responding to
extremely variable flow conditions (beaver colonization, drought) and are very unstable
because of the extremely sandy substrates. In addition it appeared that build-out is still
active in both of these catchments which may also impact the benthic fauna.
8. Murphy Farm, Louisburg (Franklin County)
Approximately 1800 linear feet of this UT to Bear Swamp Creek in Franklin
County was restored in July 2002. Qual-4 samples were collected from three reaches of
this tributary prior to and following construction to assess the recovery of this stream
following restoration. Site 1 is above the 1800 linear foot reach on the UT to be restored.
The stream at this point is stable with good instream and riparian habitat. The site was
selected as an upstream reference reach and receives flow from a series of springs
immediately above the site as well as overflow from an instream pond. Two sites were
selected within the restoration reach. Site 2 is a mid-reach location approximately 50
meters below a bridge crossing. The stream prior to construction was severely degraded
with very little riparian canopy and direct cattle access. Cattle have since been fenced out
of the riparian zone and several large cross veins have been constructed in this reach.
Site 3 is located within a minimally forested reach of the stream at the lower end of the
restoration project. Abundance of benthic organisms at this location was much greater
18