19920039 Ver 1_Monitoring Report_20100910

M
Y2-oaf
PotashCorp
Helping Nature Provide
Federal Express
September 9, 2010
Mr. Larry Eaton
Mr. Eric Kulz
NC DENR - Division of Water Quality
Surface Water Protection Division
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Suite 250
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
RE: Whitehurst Creek Summary Data Report
Dear Mr. Eaton and Mr. Kulz:
As both of you are aware, PCS Phosphate has requested to cease monitoring of the Whitehurst Creek
mitigation channel. Separately, each of you requested a summarization/compilation of the monitoring
data collected by CZR over the years since monitoring began, to assist you in making a decision whether
or not to cease monitoring. Enclosed is a report by CZR entitled "Whitehurst Creek West Prong Aquatic
Macroinvertebrate and Fish Survey and Water Quality Analysis: Summary Report.
Whitehurst Creek before impact was an incised, channelized, and confined stream channel, that provided
little aquatic habitat. After reclamation, it is a wide, slow-moving, permanent stream that provides
aquatic habitat for a wide variety of species. If you have any questions, please call me at [phone],
or e-mail me at ifumesskpcsphoMhate.com, or Sam Cooper/Julia Berger of CZR at [phone], or
e-mail scooper czr-inc.com [e-mail].
Sincerely,
1
frey C. Furness
Senior Scientist
Enclosure
pc: 23-01-004-26 w/encl.
R.M. Smith w/encl.
S. Cooper-CZR w/encl.
J.Hudgens-CZR w/encl.
ko? ? ?LL 0
SEPI0Z010
DENR - WATER QUALITY
1NEWDSAND STORMWATER BRANCH
1530 NC Hwy 306 South, Aurora, NC USA 27806 T [phone]
KS Phosphate I www.potashcorp.com
g2- b()39
i WHITEHURST CREEK WEST PRONG
AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATE AND FISH SURVEY
AND WATER QUALITY ANALYSES:
SUMMARY REPORT
•
Prepared for:
NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
Raleigh, North Carolina
Prepared by:
PCS PHOSPHATE COMPANY, INC.
Environmental Affairs Department
Aurora, North Carolina
CZR INCORPORATED
4709 College Acres Drive, Suite 2
Wilmington, North Carolina
0 August 2010
• The purpose of this report is to provide the North Carolina Division of Water Quality
(NCDWQ) summary results of the baseline and mitigation monitoring in the West Prong
of Whitehurst Creek in Beaufort County, North Carolina as they determine whether
future monitoring may cease. The baseline data are derived from macroinvertebrate and
fish surveys conducted during the winter and summer of 1992. The mitigation channel
data are derived from macroinvertebrate and fish surveys conducted during the winters
and summers of 2003-2009 as well as water quality data that was collected on a monthly
basis from 2003-2009 by PCS personnel. The reader is directed to the Whitehurst
Creek West Prong Aquatic Macroinvertebrate and Fish Survey and Water Quality
Analysis: 2009 Annual Mitigation Channel Report (CZR, Incorporated, 2010) for details
regarding the background of the study and methodology for the data presented in this
report. Appendices A and B from the 2009 annual report are included with this report.
Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Surveys (Figures 1-9; Appendix A from the 2009
Annual Report)
Sixteen groups of macroinvertebrates were identified during the eight years of this study
(including the 1992 surveys). Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Odonata were the
most commonly identified groups during both the baseline and mitigation channel
surveys. Two groups, Megaloptera and Orthoptera (which is actually a terrestrial group),
were identified in low numbers during the baseline survey and were not identified during
the mitigation channel surveys. Conversely, five groups, Hirudinea, Mollusca,
Nematoda, Nemertea, and Platyhelminthes (also identified at low numbers), were
identified during mitigation channel monitoring and not during baseline monitoring.
• Thirty-four (34) percent of the taxa identified during baseline monitoring were also
identified during mitigation channel monitoring. There has also been an increase in the
percent tolerant taxa (TV >7) in the mitigation channel over the baseline channel. It is
probable that habitat differences between the original channel and the mitigation channel
account for the absence of some baseline species and the identification of several other
new taxa. The baseline channel was narrow, relatively shallow, and ditch-like.
Conversely, the mitigation channel is wide, relatively deep, and pond-like (as a result of
persistent downstream beaver activity). Although the macroinvertebrate assemblages
have changed from the baseline channel to the mitigation channel as indicated by the
low Jaccard index, Biotic and EPT indices are similar, indicating similar water quality in
the baseline and mitigation channels.
Fish Surveys (Figures 10-15; Appendix B from the 2009 Annual Report)
Of the nine fish species captured during baseline monitoring, seven were also captured
during mitigation channel monitoring. The two species that were not recaptured during
mitigation sampling were the pirate perch and swamp darter. Twelve (12) additional
species to those captured during baseline monitoring were captured during mitigation
channel monitoring. The total number of individuals captured has been slightly variable,
yet comparable, to the baseline surveys in the mitigation channel with the exception of
2009 (the number of individuals captured during the summer of 2009 was low compared
to all other years). However, the eastern mosquitofish comprised the majority of the
baseline total (288 of 316 individuals) while bluegill and pumpkinseed have made up the
majority of the totals during mitigation channel monitoring. There is an increasing trend
in the percent of piscivorous fish taxa during mitigation channel monitoring which
suggests trophic complexity has increased in the mitigation channel.
• During the 1992 baseline surveys, Whitehurst Creek was confined to the channel and
only a backpack electroshocker and block nets (if needed) were utilized. Conductance
measured by CZR during these surveys ranged from 116 pS to 520 pS. However,
specific conductance measured during mitigation channel monitoring has ranged from
562 pS to 3,974 pS and averaged 2,418 pS. The effective conductivity range for the
electroshocker is 10 pS to 600 pS. Thus, fish capture via the electroshocker during
mitigation channel monitoring was almost certainly lower than baseline fish capture due
to the operation of the electroshocker outside its limits. In addition, beginning in 2003,
paired fyke nets (one facing upstream and one facing downstream) were set in the
channel at the downstream end of both sampling stations. The fyke nets were employed
to more thoroughly sample fish populations in the flooded conditions that existed in the
mitigation channel from the ongoing beaver activity (PCS has the beavers removed on a
regular basis, but they have become a chronic problem immediately downstream of the
mitigation channel).
Surface Water Quality (Figures 16-23)
Overall water quality in the mitigation channel was typical of blackwater swamp streams
in the region and hypoxic conditions were rare. The only observable trend was a slight
increase in specific conductivity over the duration of mitigation channel monitoring. Two
phosphorous peaks were observed in the spring and winter of 2008. These peaks were
associated with elevated turbidity, indicative of runoff events prior to sampling.
•
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•
•
Figure 2. Macroi nverte b rate taxa by season for the Whitehurst Creek mitigation channel
monitoring (2003-2009) compared with the baseline monitoring (1992). Note that the
1992 data are derived from three stations while the 2003-2009 data are derived from two
stations. The 1992 baseline data are depicted across all monitoring years for reference.
Reference lines for baseline winter and baseline summer represent the same value.
70
60
x 50 /
w 40 --
0
ID 30
? ? ` f p s
Z' 20-
10-1
0
1992 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
1992 Baseline Winter 1992 Baseline Summer 1992 Baseline Total
- - Mitigation Winter - - Mitigation Summer - - Mitigation Total
Figure 3. Number of macroi nverteb rate taxa by station during the 1992 Whitehurst
Creek baseline monitoring (1992) and mitigation channel monitoring (2003-2009). The
number of macroinvertebrate taxa displayed represents the combined total number of
taxa identified during the winter and summer surveys. The 1992 baseline data are
depicted across all monitoring years for reference.
50-
45-
40-
'X0 35-
30-
0 f- w
25-
. . . . . . . --- - - -
---------------------
20-
z 15-
z
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1992 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
- - 1992 Baseline Station 1 - - -1992 Baseline Station 2 - - - -1992 Baseline Station 3
Mitigation Station 1 Mitigation Station 2
4
•
•
•
Figure 4. Number of macroinvertebrate taxa identified in common with Whitehurst Creek
baseline monitoring (1992) during mitigation channel monitoring (2003-2009) and
cumulative annual total taxa identified from sampling the Whitehurst Creek mitigation
channel (2003-2009). Note that the 1992 data are derived from three stations while the
2003-2009 data are derived from two stations. The 1992 baseline data are depicted
across all monitoring years for reference.
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160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
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1992 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
1992 Baseline - - - Cumulative Baseline - - Cumulative Annual Mitigation
Figure 5. Jaccard index of similarity for the Whitehurst Creek baseline monitoring (1992)
and the mitigation channel monitoring (2003-2009). Note that the 1992 data are derived
from three stations while the 2003-2009 data are derived from two stations.
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0.140-
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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
- Index Value
5
•
•
17J
Figure 6. Percent of taxa with tolerance values (TV) <5 and >7 for the Whitehurst Creek
baseline monitoring (1992) and mitigation channel monitoring (2003-2009). Only taxa
with an assigned TV from the winter sampling events were used for analysis. The 1992
baseline TVs are depicted across all monitoring years for reference.
100
90
80
ca
X 70
~ 60
0
c 50
m
L 40
m
a 30
20
10
0

1992 2003 2004
- __2
1992 Baseline TV <5
Mitigation TV <5
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
1992 Baseline TV >7
- Mitigation TV>7
6
Figure 7. Biotic index values (winter values only) for the Whitehurst Creek baseline
monitoring (1992) and mitigation channel monitoring (2003-2009). Values were
calculated by averaging the calculated biotic index value of all three stations during the
baseline monitoring and both stations during the mitigation channel monitoring. The
1992 hacf?lina hinfir- inrilrrac orc Hanirforl nrrncc nil mnni4nrinrr -,- f- -f- -- ,.,
Figure 8. EPT index values by station for the Whitehurst Creek baseline monitoring
(1992) and mitigation channel monitoring (2003-2009). The number of
macroinvertebrate taxa displayed represents the combined total number of taxa
identified during the winter and summer surveys. The 1992 baseline EPT index is
depicted across all monitoring years for reference.
•
•
4-
3- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
?a
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C
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1992 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
- - 1992 Baseline Station 1 - - -1992 Baseline Station 2 - - - -1992 Baseline Station 3
-- Mitigation Station 1 Mitigation Station 2
- - - - - - --- - - - - - - - -
7
Figure 9. EPT index values for the Whitehurst Creek baseline monitoring (1992) and
mitigation channel monitoring (2003-2009). Reported EPT values represent the
combined total of EPT taxa across all stations (three stations during the 1992 survey and
two stations during the 2003-2009 surveys). The 1992 baseline EPT index value is
depicted across all monitorina vears for reference.
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Figure 11. Number of fish taxa by season during the Whitehurst Creek baseline
monitoring (1992) and mitigation channel monitoring (2003-2009). The number of fish
taxa displayed represents totals from two monitoring stations for each season during
mitigation channel monitoring and three monitoring stations for baseline monitoring.
Fyke nets were utilized beginning in 2003 due to an unconfined channel from elevated
water levels. The 1992 baseline data are depicted across all monitoring years for
reference. Reference lines for baseline total and baseline summer represent the same
value.
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12-
10-
8-
p ® ® ® '? \\ / \
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1992 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
1992 Baseline Winter 1992 Baseline Summer 1992 Baseline Total
- - Mitigation Winter -- Mitigation Summer - - Mitigation Total
Figure 12. Number of fish taxa by sampling station during the Whitehurst Creek baseline
monitoring (1992) and mitigation channel monitoring (2003-2009). Note that baseline
monitoring included three stations and mitigation monitoring included two stations. Fyke
nets were utilized beginning in 2003 due to an unconfined channel from elevated water
levels. The 1992 baseline data are depicted across all monitoring years for reference.
12
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1992 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
- 1992 Baseline Station 1 - - -1992 Baseline Station 2 - - - -1992 Baseline Station 3
?-Mitigation Station 1 Mitigation Station 2
9
•
Figure 13. Cumulative number of fish taxa for baseline monitoring (1992), mitigation
channel monitoring taxa in common with baseline per year, and total taxa collected
during mitigation monitoring (2003-2009) per year. Note that baseline monitoring
included three stations and mitigation monitoring included two stations. Fyke nets were
utilized beginning in 2003 due to an unconfined channel from elevated water levels. The
1992 baseline data are depicted across all monitoring years for reference.
25
20
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x
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w
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0
Z
r
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i
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1992 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
1992 Baseline - - - Cumulathe Baseline - - Cumulative Annual Mitigation
Figure 14. Number of fish captured by season and annual totals for Whitehurst baseline
monitoring (1992) and mitigation channel monitoring (2003-2009). Note that baseline
monitoring included three stations and mitigation monitoring included two stations. Fyke
nets were utilized beginning in 2003 due to an unconfined channel from elevated water
levels.
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350-
.T
300-
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200-
0
d 150
a
3 100
Z
50-
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1992 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
¦ Winter ¦ Summer ¦ Total
10
•
Figure 15. Annual percent of total tolerant fish taxa and piscivorous fish taxa captured
during the Whitehurst Creek baseline monitoring (1992) and Whitehurst Creek mitigation
channel monitoring (2003-2009). Note that baseline monitoring included three stations
and mitigation monitoring included two stations. Fyke nets were utilized beginning in
2003 due to an unconfined channel from elevated water levels. The 1992 baseline data
are depicted across all monitoring years for reference.
60

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x
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t
v 30-
20-
10-
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1992 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sample Year
- - 1992 Baseline Tolerant Species 1992 Baseline Pischerous Fish
500
Total Tolerant Species Total Pisci\orous Fish
11
Figure 16. Monthly water temperature in the Whitehurst mitigation channel from 2003-
2009. Data provided by the PCS Phosphate environmental department. The gap
indicates missing data.
•
•
35-
30-
25-
20-
B
2
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Date
Figure 17. Monthly dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Whitehurst mitigation channel
from 2003-2009. Data provided by the PCS Phosphate environmental department.
16
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Date
12
Figure 18. Monthly specific conductance in the Whitehurst mitigation channel from 2003-
2009. Data provided by the PCS Phosphate environmental department. Note that
specific conductance measured by CZR during the 1992 benthic and fish surveys were
below 520 NS.
4500
•
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M
3500
v
3000
2500
c 2000
1500
1000
d
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o 0 0 0 0 0 o Q o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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m co a> m co a> m m? m tv m co ca m co m a? m m a>
? g cn ? ? cq ? ? vi ? g cn ? ? cn ? g cn ? g cn
Date
Figure 19. Monthly pH in the Whitehurst mitigation channel from 2003-2009. Data
provided by the PCS Phosphate environmental department.
8.5
8
2 7.5
x 7
CL
6.5
6
M M M "*' 8 q In 0 0 CO fO (O ti ti h 00 00 01 01
0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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m aci M m m m c>a m m m 0 M? aai m o 0 M m m
Date
•
13
•
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M M M ? ? ? ? ? ? (D (O (O ? h h 00 00 OD O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Date
Figure 20. Monthly total phosphorus concentrations in the Whitehurst mitigation channel
from 2003-2009. Data provided by the PCS Phosphate environmental department.
Figure 21. Monthly flouride concentrations in the Whitehurst mitigation channel from
2003-2009. Data provided by the PCS Phosphate environmental department.
Inaccurate data was omitted from analysis.
2.5-
2-

1.5-
m
0 1

0.5
0
M
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Date
14
• Figure 22. Turbidity (NTU) depicted monthly in the Whitehurst mitigation channel from
2003-2009. Data provided the PCS Phosphate environmental department. Turbidity
data collection began in late 2004. Gaps indicate missing data.
0
•
100-
90-
80-
70-

60-
50-
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Date
Figure 23. Salinity measured at fish and benthos sampling stations 1 and 2 biannually in
the Whitehurst mitigation channel from 2003-2009. Data collected by CZR during fish
and benthic surveys.
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15
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APPENDIX A
• AQUATIC MAC ROI NVERTEB RATE TAXA
DOCUMENTED IN UPPER WHITEHURST CREEK
DURING THE 1992 BASELINE AND IN THE WHITEHURST
CREEK WEST PRONG MITIGATION CHANNEL
DURING 2003 THROUGH 2009 SURVEYS
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APPENDIX B
FISH SPECIES DOCUMENTED IN UPPER
WHITEHURST CREEK DURING THE 1992 BASELINE AND
IN THE WHITEHURST CREEK WEST PRONG
MITIGATION CHANNEL DURING 2003 THROUGH 2009 SURVEYS
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