20070583 Ver 1_Application_20070404

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPAR'T1V~NT OF'I~~AIV~PORTATIO
Ivl1c~ DEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615
ATTENTION: Mr. Monte Matthews
NCDOT Coordinator
SUBJECT: Application for Regional General Permit 31 and Section 401
Water Quality Certification for the proposed replacement of
Bridge No. 90 over Gunpowder Creek on SR 1718 (Deal Mill
Road) in Caldwell County. NCDOT Division 11, Federal Aid
Project No. BRZ-1718(3), State Project No. 8.2732701, TIP No.
B-3126. $475.00 Debit Work Order 8.2732701, WBS Element
32880.1.1.
Dear Sir:
Please see the enclosed Pre-Construction Notification (PCN), Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (EEP) mitigation acceptance letter, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
Biological Opinion (2003), USFWS Amended Biological Opinion (2006), Monitoring
Plan for Natural Stream Design, permit drawings, design plans and Categorical Exclusion
(CE) for the above referenced project. The North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) proposes to replace the 111-foot, three span Bridge No. 90, northwest of the
existing alignment, with a new 160-foot, 54-inch pre-stressed girder bridge that will span
Gunpowder Creek. The existing road curves at the bottom of a steep hill with poor
horizontal alignment on the south approach and poor vertical alignment in both
directions. The proposed bridge and approaches will provide an improved alignment,
thereby enhancing safety at the bridge location. During construction, traffic will be
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
Apri13, 2007
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N r r ,
N ,~'~,
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
0705&3
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW.NCDOT.ORG
LOCATION:
PARKER LINCOLN BUILDING,
2728 CAPITAL BLVD., SUITE 240
RALEIGH NC 27604

maintained on the existing bridge for as long as practicable. For the remainder of the
construction period, an off-site detour on existing roads will be used. The new alignment
of the road is going to impact an unnamed tributary to Gunpowder Creek (UT1) for a
total of 350 linear feet of permanent stream impacts. There will be a total of 0.05 acre of
temporary impacts associated with a temporary causeway for pier construction, removal
of existing piers and the realignment of UT1 into the Natural Stream Design. There are
no jurisdictional wetlands within the project study area.
IMPACTS TO WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES
General Description:
The water resources impacted for project B-3126 are Gunpowder Creek and UT1.
Gunpowder Creek is located in the Catawba River Basin (Division of Water Quality
(DWQ) subbasin 03-08-32), and is approximately 45 feet wide and one foot deep within
the project study area. The DWQ Index number for this section of Gunpowder Creek is
11-55-(1.5) and the Hydrological Cataloguing Unit is 03050101. The North Carolina
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources classifies Gunpowder Creek and
UT1 as Class WS-N. There are no High Quality Waters (HQW), Water Supplies (WS-I
or WSII), or Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) within one mile of the project study
area.
Permanent Impacts:
There will be 350 linear feet of permanent stream impacts to UT1 as a result of
realignment of the road. UT1 will be realigned northwest of its existing location and then
tied back into the existing stream.
Temporary Impacts:
There will be 0.02 acre of temporary stream impacts associated with a temporary
causeway in Gunpowder Creek. This causeway will be used to construct pier no. 2 of the
new bridge. There will be an additional 0.01 acre of temporary impacts associated with
the removal of the existing piers in Gunpowder Creek. There will also be 0.02 acre of
temporary impacts associated with the realignment of UT1 into the Natural Stream
Design. The temporary causeway will be removed once the construction is complete.
The stream and banks will then be restored to their original condition. The temporary
stream impacts combined tota10.05 acre.
Utilit~Impacts:
There will be no jurisdictional impacts associated with relocation of utility lines on the
project site. In addition, there will be no relocation of water or sewer lines due to the
construction on this project site.
Schedule:
The project schedule calls for a July 17, 2007 LET date with a date of availability on
August 28, 2007.
2

BRIDGE DEMOLITION
The existing bridge is composed of an asphalt overlay wearing surface on a steel plank
floor on steel I-beams. The end and interior bents are timber caps and posts with
concrete sills. The deck of the existing bridge is 28 feet above the stream bed. Bridge
components are slated to be removed without dropping any components into Gunpowder
Creek. However, due to the presence of asphalt overlay in the superstructure of the
bridge, the potential exists for approximately 18 cubic yards of temporary fill requiring
excavation from Gunpowder Creek as a result of demolition activities. All guidelines for
bridge demolition and removal will be followed in addition to Best Management
Practices (BMPs) for the Protection of Surface Waters and BMPs for Bridge Demolition
and Removal.
FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered (E), Threatened (T),
Proposed Endangered (PE) and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under provisions
of Section 7 and Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of
December 11, 2006, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists five
federally protected species for Caldwell County (Table 1).
Table 1. FedErally Protected Species for Caldwell C,rnmty_
Common Name Scientific Name Status, Survey Notes Biological
Conclusion
Bo turtle Clemm s muhlenber ii T(S/A) No Habitat No Effect
S ruce-fir moss s ider Microhexura montiva a E No Habitat No Effect
Virginia big-eared bat Plecotus townsendii E No Habitat No Effect
vir inianus
Dwarf-flowered Hexastylis naniflora T Habitat and May Affect, Likely
heartleaf Plants Present to Adversel Affect
Heller's blazin star Liatris helleri T No Habitat No Effect
One of the five species listed above, the Dwarf-flowered heartleaf, is present within the
project area. A Biological Opinion (BO), dated September 23, 2003 and Amended BO,
dated May 24, 2006 have been rendered by the USFWS (see attached). The
commitments in the Amended BO include the acquisition of additional right of way in the
northeast quadrant of the project area in order to permanently protect a portion of the
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf population in that quadrant. In addition, a temporary staff
position will be funded (as compensatory mitigation) for 2 months to assist the USFWS
Recovery Coordinator with the 5-year status review for Dwarf-flowered heartleaf.
AVOIDANCE, MINIMIZATION AND MITIGATION
Avoidance and Minimization:
Avoidance examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting impacts to
"Waters of the United States." The NCDOT is committed to incorporating all reasonable
3

and practicable design features•to avoid and minimize jurisdictional stages; minimization
measures were incorporated as part of the project design. The use of best management
practices for construction should reduce impacts to plant communities.
• The entire stream is being spanned by the new bridge, therefore eliminating any
permanent impacts to Gunpowder Creek.
• The existing bridge is being used to maintain traffic as long as possible, then an off-
site detour will be utilized until the new bridge is complete. This eliminates the need
for a temporary on-site detour.
• Water will not be directly discharged into Gunpowder Creek via deck drains.
In addition, Best Management Practices will be followed as outlined in "NCDOT's Best
Management Practices for Construction and Maintenance Activities".
Miti ag tion:
NCDOT is performing Natural Stream Design along 315 linear feet of UT1 and then
tying it back into the existing channel. (Please see attached Natural Channel Design
plans.) This will compensate for 315 linear feet of permanent impacts to UTI, leaving 35
linear feet remaining which will be mitigated for by EEP. (Please see attached Mitigation
Acceptance Letter dated March 13, 2006.)
REGULATORY APPROVALS
Section 404 Permit:
It is anticipated that the bridge replacement, including construction of the temporary
causeway, removal of the existing piers, relocation of the UT and tie-in of the natural
stream design will be authorized under Section 404 Regional General Permit (RGP) No.
31 (NCDOT Bridges). We are therefore requesting the issuance of RGP 31 authorizing
the activities associated with this project in accordance with Section 10 of the Rivers and
Harbors Act of March 3, 1899 (33 U.S.C. 403), and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
(33 U.S.C. 1344).
Section 401 Permit:
In compliance with Section 143-215.D9(e) of the NCAC, we will provide $475.00 to act
as payment for processing the Section 401 (General Certification Number 3404) permit
application previously noted in this application (see Subject line). We are providing five
copies of this application to the North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural
Resources, Division of Water Quality, for their review.
We also anticipate that comments from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission (NCWRC) will be required prior to authorization by the Corps of Engineers.
By copy of this letter and attachment, NCDOT hereby requests NCWRC review.
NCDOT requests that NCWRC forward their comments to the Corps of Engineers and
the NCDOT within 30 calendar days of receipt of this application.
4

Thank you for -your assistance with this project. If you have any questions or need
additional information, please contact Erin Schubert at ekschubert c~i,dot.state.nc.us or
[phone].
Sincerely,
~, .
~tJ/ Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc:
w/attachment
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ (5 Copies)
Ms. Marla Chambers, NCWRC
Ms. Marella Buncick, USFWS
Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Michael A. Pettyjohn, P.E. Division 11 Engineer
Mr. Heath Slaughter, Division 11 Environmental Officer
w/o attachment
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Majed Alghandour, P. E., Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. Dennis Pipkin, P.E., PDEA Project Planning Engineer
Mr. Scott McLendon, USACE, Wilmington
Ms. Beth Harmon, EEP
Mr. Todd Jones, NCDOT External Audit Branch
5

Office Use Only: Form Version March OS
2000583
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ^ Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
^ Section 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification ^ Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: GP 31
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ^
4. If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here:
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director
Mailing Address: 1598 Mail Service Center
Telephone Number: X919) 733-3141 Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address: ekschubert(a~dot.state.nc.us
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number: Fax Number:
E-mail Address: .
Page 1 of 8

III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For. administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Bridge No. 90 over Gunpowder Creek on SR 1718 (Deal Mill Road)
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): B-3126
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): N/A
4. Location
County: Caldwell Nearest Town: Granite Falls
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): N/A
Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc.):
5. Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum): 35 50'38.22" °N -81 26'10.25" °W
6. Property size (acres): N/A
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: Catawba River
8. River Basin: Catawba River Basin
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: 50% wooded. 50% farmland
10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Standard construction equipment will be used (backhoes bulldozers cranes and/or other
heavy machinery)
Page 2 of 8

11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: The purpose of the project is to replace a
functionally and structurally obsolete structure (sufficiency rating 32.4 out of 100) and
improve the alignment of the road at the bridge crossing.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated•mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.N/A
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
N/A
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
listed separately in the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts:Temporary: 0.02 acre (48 linear feet)
of impact due to natural stream design tie-in, 0.02 acre (66 linear feet) of impact due to
temporary causeway for construction of pier no. 2, and 0.01 acre (31 linear feet of impact
due to removal of the existing_piers for a total of 0.05 acre of temporary stream impacts
Permanent: 350 linear feet of stream impact to UT1.
Page 3 of 8

2. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
separately list impacts due to both structure and floodin~_
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact Type of Wetland
(e.g., forested, marsh,
herbaceous, bog, etc.) Located within
100-year
Floodplain
(yes/no) Distance to
Nearest
Stream
(linear feet) Area of
Impact
(acres)
No Wetlands

Total Wetland Impact (acres)
3. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property:N/A
4. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must be included. To calculate acreage_ mttltinly lennth X width then rlivirlP by d't Sin
Stream Impact
Number

(indicate on ma)
Stream Name
Type of Impact Perennial or

Intermittent? Average
Stream Width

Before Im act Impact
Length

(linear feet) Area of
Impact
)
(acres
Site 1 Gunpowder Creek Temporary Perennial 45 ft. 48 0.02
Site 2 Gunpowder Creek Temporary Perennial 45 ft. 66 0.02
Site 3 UT1 Permanent Perennial 2 ft 350 0.02
Site 4 Gunpowder Creek Temporary Perennial 45 ft. 31 0.01

Total Permanent Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 350 0.02
5. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but are not limited to
fill, excavation, dredgin~_ floodin~_ draina~e_ hulkheadc etc.
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma) Name of Waterbody

(if applicable) _
Type of Impact Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay,

ocean, etc.) Area of
Impact

(acres)
No open water
impacts

Total Open Water Impact (acres)
Page 4 of 8

6. List the cumulative impact to all Waters of the U.S. resulting from the project:
Stream Impact (acres): 0.05 (temp)
0.02 ( ermanent)
Wetland Impact (acres): 0
Open Water Impact (acres): 0
Total Impact to Waters of the U.S. (acres) 0.05 (temp)
0.02 ( ermanent)
Total Stream Impact (linear feet): 145 (temp)
350 ( ermanent)
7. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? ^ Yes ®No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USACE.
N/A
8. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond:
irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts. The entire stream is beinu
spanned by the new bridge thus eliminating permanent impacts to Gunpowder Creek The
existing bride will be used to maintain traffic as lon,~ as possible then an off-site detour will be
utilized until the new bridge is complete thus eliminating the need for a temporary on-site
detour. No deck drains will be used and NCDOT's Best Management Practices will be followed
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
Page 5 of 8

freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USAGE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USAGE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc. us/ncwetlands/strmgide.html.
Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
315 linear feet of stream will be mitigated for on-site through natural stream desi
UT1. EEP will be handlin mitigation of the remaining 35 linear feet of permanent impacts
for this project.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wm/index.htm. If use of the NCEEP is proposed, please
check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet): 35
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet): 0
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): 0
Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): 0
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres): 0
Page 6 of 8

IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land? Yes ® No ^
2. If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ® No ^
3. If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter. Yes ® No ^
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
1. Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B .0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )? Yes ^ No
2. If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multipliers.
* Impact Required
Zone ,~~..~_o r ~~~ Multiplier
1 3 (2 for Catawba)
2 1.5
Total
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from the top of the near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
3. If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e.,
Donation of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, or Payment into the
Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as identified
within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0244, or .0260. N/A
Page 7 of 8

XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site. Discuss
stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property. If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level. Impervious surfaces will not significantly
increase as a result of this project. There will be no deck drains installed.
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application? Yes ^ No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ^ No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description:
The new bridge will be constructed very near the old bridge.
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
N/A
~~
~~3• o
A~iplic~fit/Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 8 of 8

,~
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PROGRAM
March 13, 2006
Mr. Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
Subject: EEP Mitigation Acceptance Letter:

l•~AR 1 ~ 2DJ6
l~: 3.~::,, a
POEA-~~~"~ ~- -„ P.~~~~h~~.
~G~ ii ~ y I ~ ii;~ Ci Fu ,
B-3126, Bridge Number 90 over Gunpowder Creek on SR 1718, Caldwell
County
The purpose of this letter is to notify you that the Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP)
will provide the compensatory stream mitigation for the subject project. Based on the information
supplied by you in a letter dated February 22, 2006, the impacts are located in CU 03050101 of the
Catawba River Basin in the Northern Mountains (NM) Eco-Region, and are as follows:
Stream: 35 feet
Mitigation for this project will be provided in accordance with the Memorandum of
Agreement between the N. C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the N. C.
Department of Transportation, and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. EEP will commit to
implementing sufficient compensatory stream mitigation to offset the impacts associated with this
project by the end of the MOA year in which this project is permitted, in accordance with Section
X of the Tri-Party MOA. If the above referenced impacts amounts are revised, then this mitigation
acceptance letter will no longer be valid and a new mitigation acceptance letter will be required
from EEP.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Ms. Beth Harmon
at 919-715-1929.
Sincerely,
~ .~~~I1
'Liam D. Gilmore, P.E.
EEP Director
cc: Mr. John T. Thomas,lr., USACE-Raleigh
Mr. John Hennessy, Division of Water Quality, Wetlands/401 Unit
File: B-3126
3 L C1 {''t~„G~... ~ ~''';,a~,~,s/~;'L~G .. J c, .. `-' ' ~ r"' ~. e~L,
. 1 ~ ~' ~~ t..t ~/:J r '~~/' ~ ~~2a. ` NCDENR
North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program,1651 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 21699-1652 / 919-115-0416 / www.nceep.net

Feb 11 u~r ua: ~Ja r n..r+. ,,., .._ .
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WIt,DLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Fald Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Ashevilie, North Carolina 28801
September 23, 2003
iVir. John F. Sullivan, III
Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
310 New Bem Avenue, Suite 410
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601
FFiWA • hli, I)IYIWibh
~ SEP ~5 2003

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Subject: Replacement of Bridge No. 94 on SR 1718 over Gunpowder Creak iiz Caldwell County,
North Carolina, Federal Aid l~TO. BRZ-1718 (3}, TIP No. B-3125
This document transmits the U.S. rish and Wildlife Service's (Service) biological. opinion
(Opinion) based on our review of the replacement of Fridge No. 90 on SIc 1718 over Gunpowder
Creek located in Caldwell County, North Cazolina, and its effects on the federally threatened
dwarf-flowered heartleaf (i~lexast~lis naniflora) in accordance with section 7 of the Endangere3
Species Act of 1973, as amended (I6 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act). ~~Ve received yon: r lvlay 30, 2003,
request for formal consultation on June 3, 2003.
This Gpinion is based on info.~nation provided in the May 2003 biological assessment, weld
investigations, a*t3 other sources of information. A complete administrative record of this
consultation is on file in our ofrice.
Cf~NSU~.TATrC3N FIiSTtJR`~'
In May 2001 we were notified by telephone that the dwarf-flowered heartleaf had been found in
the construction footprint of the subject proposed bridge replacement project. On June I3, 2001,
a member of our staffmet in the field with the North Carolina Depaztment of Transportation
(NCDOT), where alternatives for minimizing impacts to Hexastylis nariflora were explored. On
October 18, 2001, we met with the NCDOT in Raleigh to discuss furtl-.er effor`s to mini~-zize
impacts by ex`lozrg vary~,rig design and construction techniques.

F!D 1 a v-r ........... ..~.. ..~ - -

BIOLOGICAL OPIl~ION
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION
The NCDOT proposes to replace the existing 111-foot-fang two-lane Bridge No. 90 (completed
in 1965) over Gunpowder Creek in Caldwell County, North Carolina. Current horizontal
alignment of the roadway at the south end of the existing bridge is considered poor, and the
vertical alignment is very poor in both directions. The replacement tvvo-lane bridge will be
approximately 160 feet long, on an improved alignment.
The. proposed project will intersect a population of the dwarf-flowered heartleaf consisting of
approximately 130 plants; approximately 60 plants will be directly impacted by the project. The
population occurs along Gunpowder Creek, on both banks, on the west side of SR I718.
Subpopulation A, located southwest of the bridge, has approximately 80 plants, and
Subpopulation B, located directly adjacent to SR 1718 and northwest ofthe bridge, has
approximately ~0 plants. No secondary impacts are expected because the replacement bridge
will not increase accessability to adjacent parcels.
The NCDOT evaluated three alternatives to avoid or min;mi7r. impacts to the dwarf-flowered
heartleaf, including: (1) doing nothing, (2) Alternate One, replacing the bridge at the existing
location, (3) Alternate Two, minimizing fill slopes and cuts along a new alignment west of the
existing roadway. Impacts to the dwarf-flowered heartleaf were considered, along with safety
concerns, community impacts, and engineering and construction costs. Alternate Two is the
recommended alternative. _
In the Ntay 2003 biological,assessment, the NCDOT proposed to offset project-related impacts
by avoiding impacts to 20 plan*.s within the e~:isting right-of-way and purchasing adaitional
right-of--way to include the reriainder of Subpopuiation A for protection in perpetuity. This
conservation area is the least disturbed habitat for the dwarf-flowered heartleaf on Gunpowder
Creek and contains approximately 50 of the most vigorous plants. The i~zCDOT also plans to
regrads and revegetate the existing bridge area after the structure is removad, which conId
provide future habitat for H. naniflora.
STATUS OF T I~ e?EC~S AI~'F? ITS CRITICAL, HABITAT'
Species Description and ii`e i3Lstary .-
Hexastylis nani~riora is aloes-growing herbaceous plant in the birthwort i~rn;.Iy
(Aristolochiaceae). Blomquist (1957) described the species in his revision of the genus
Hexastylis. The plant's heart-shaped dark green leaves are evergreen and leathery and are
supported by lor_g thin petioles from a subsurface rhizome. Maxim~s.*n height rarely exceeds
2

reo ~~ ...~ ..... .._ - ----.
15 centimeters (6 inches). The jug-shaped flowers are usually beige to dark bmwn in color and
appear from mid-March to eazly June. The flowers are small and inconspicious and are found
near the base of the petioles. The fruit matures from mid-May to early July (Blomquist 1957;
Gaddy 1980, 1981). Hexastylis nan~ora grows in acidic soils, usually along north-facing bluffs
and adjacent slopes and in floodplains next to streams and creek heads in the upper Piedmont
Region of North Carolina and South Carolina. It is most often found on Madison and Pacolet
soils and is frequently associated with Kalmia (laurel). Its small flower distinguishes this species
from other members of the genus Hexastylis.
Thrips (sucking insects) and flies are the major pollinators of most plant species in the genus
Hexastylis. As yet, the pollination method for dwarf-flowered heartleaf is unproven, but
biologists speculate that it may use the same method as its related species. With most Hexastylis
species, the vectors--flies and thrips--spend most of their lives in the punt's flower tissues and ~ ~ -• - -
feed on pollen grains or on portions of the plant's outer skin. Once the flowers have been
fertilized, their seeds are distribL~ted by ants. These ants eat the cozting of the seeds and leave the
seeds near the plant site or by the ant nest. Seed gPtznination takes place in the spring after the
seeds have been exposed to cool temperatures. Germination in the dwarf-flowered heartleaf
generally occurs in clusters. Some flowering Hexas~lis plants, probably ilzcluding the heartleaf,
do not reach flowerng age for 7 to 10 years. The plant's flowering period is mid-March to early
3une; fruit production begL^s in mid- to late May, and buds come in late July and develop by
October. In the buds are next spring's flowers, and ne~.rt yeaz's leaf will not grow until the plant
flowers again. -
Status and Distributica
'i he dwarf-flowered hea-~ae f was listed as a threatened species on Apz 14, 1589 (54 FR 1496-^-),
under the authority of the Act. Ito critical habitat has been designated. Threats to the species at
the tinge of listing included residential and industral development, ccnversion of its habitat to
pasture or small ponds, t+mber harvesting, and cattle grazing. When the Service listed Hexastylis
nariflora, 24 populations were lmown in aneight-county area of the upper Piedmont Region of
North Carolina and adjacent South Cazolina. Since listing, the number of imown extant
dwarf-flowered heartleaf sites has increased from 24 to approximately 124, and tke estimated
number of lmown individuals has increased from about 5,900 to more than 198,000 (North
Carolina Natural He stage Program, in litt.; South Cazolina Department of Natural Resources,
in litt.; G. Newberry, University of South Carolina at Spartanburg, in litt.; North Cazolina
Department of Transpcrtation, in lift.). The known species' range has also been expanded to
include Polk and Caldwell Counties, North Carolina. The documented Hexas~lis naniflora
districution is comprised of 17 sites (14 percent} with more than 1,000 individual plants each,
8 sites (7 percent) with pore than 500 plants, and 42 sites (34 percent) with more than
1G0 plants. Twenty-four sites (19 percent) have greater than 50 but fewer than 100 plants,
and i9 sites (15 percent) rave fev~-er than 50 plants. Fourteen sites (11 percent) have no su.e
estimates.

. ~ _. - -
Anstysis of the Species I.i&ely to be Afl'ected
The project area, including the erpaaded right-of--way conservation area, contains about
130 dwarf-flowered heartleaf plants. There are 60 dwarf-flowered heartleaf plants within the
proposed footprint of the project that will be adversely impacted by bridge construction and
approach realignment. The remaining 70 plants are located ou*,~side the area needed for
construction and will not be impacted by this project The project azea contains about
0.06 percent of the known individuals of Hexastylis naniflora; approximately 0.03 percent of the
total known individuals of Hexastylis nan~ora will be adversely impacted by the subject bridge
replacement
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE
Under section 7(a)(2) of the Act, when considering the effects of an action on federally listed
species, we are required to take into consideration the environmental baseline. The '
environmental baseline includes past and ongoing natural factors and past and present impacts
from all federal, state, or private actions and other activities in the action a.*ea (50 CFR 402.02),
including federal actions in the area that have already undergone section 7 consultation and the
impacts from state or private actions that are contemporaneous with the consultation in progress.
Status of the Species Within the Action Area
The project azea con*~ain5 approximately 0.05 pe;.,ent of the known inaividuals cf Hexasrylis
nani flora. Cons~uction will impact 45 percent of the total number of plants in the project azea;
the remainder of the plan`s will be preserved in perpetuity. There aze no other federal actions
ongoing or proposed for the action azea at the present time.
Factors Affecting the Species' Envirogment Within the Action Area
The habitat in the project area has been impacted by clearing at a pasture edge and by cattle
grazing. Along its eastern edge, Subpopulation A has been impacted by cuttu-:g the large trees at
the top of the slope and pushing them down the slope, effectively covering the slope in dense
brush. Few individuals (10<) of?Y. naniflora. occur in this azea. Ln addition, the r•~ajority of
these plants were not flowering, most likely due to the dense brush cover. Subpop~: lation B is
somewhat affected by cattle grazing.
EFFECTS ®F TIDE ACTION
L?nder section 7(al(2) of the Act, "effects bf *a'~e action" refers to Lie direct and indirect eifzcts of
an action on the species or its crit;cal habitat, together with the effects of other activities that a-e
interrelated or interdependent with that action. Under section 7 of the Act, the federal agency is
4

r c r - -
' 1
responsible for analyzing these effects. The cffects of the proposed action are added to the
environmental baseline to determine the future baseline, which serves as the basis for the
determination in this Opinion. Should these effects of the federal action result in a situation that
would jeopardize the continued existence of the species, we may propose reasonable and prudent
alternatives that the federal agency can take to avoid violation of section 7(a)(2) of the Act. The
discussion that follows is our evaluation of the anticipated direct and indirect effects of
implementing the proposed bridge replacement. Indirect effects aze those caused by the proposed
action that will occur later but that are still reasonably certain to occur (50 CFR 402.02). We
have determined that there are no interrelated or interdependent actions apart from the action
under consideration.
Factors to be Considered
The proposed bridge replacement will provide a safer bridge crossing and roadway for the local
traveling public. The life span of the new bridge is approximately 50 years. Although there are
direct impacts to approximately 60 individuals of the dwarf-flowered heapleaf, the remainder of
the plants on the site will be protected from future disturbance. The total number of known
plants (more than 198,000) is not considered a limiting factor toward recovery of the species;
rather, it is the pretec`~ion of populations that is limiting the species' recovery. The NCDOT has
recently purchased approximately 1,000 acres *.hat contain more ~*+ 13,000 dwarf-flowered
heartleaf plants to help meet iecovery goals for this species.
Analyses of the Effects of the Action
Direct Efects: An estimated 46 percent (60 plants) of this dwarf-flowered he :deaf population
will be lost to the proposed project, with a corresponding loss of habitat (approximately 1 acre).
However, viability of the local dwarf-flowered heartleaf population in the action area can be
maintained. Actions that will be talon to reduce impacts to the dwarf-flowered hear`seaf include
limiting the disturbance area and protecting additional habitat for the species. Specific acrions to
be carried out include:.
1. Fill slopes and cuts along the new alignment would be kept to a minimum.
Cut and fill slopes would be set at 2:1, the maximum allowed by soil standards
in the area.
2. Storm-water discharge wall be directed to the east side of the road to avoid
discharge into Subpopulatien P..
. Constriction 1-~'iits is u'~e area where u'~e dwarf-flcwered :~eat+ur :f is fct,~rd
would be limited to 5 feet outside the slope stakes.

r~u ,.. ... ___ .__ .._.. - --
4. Areas containing dwarf flowered heartleaf plant, but not impacted by the
project, will be clearly marked prior to any ground-disturbing activity on the
site to assure cons~:ction does not affect those plants.
5. A Service biologist will attend the preconstruction meeting to discuss (a) the
importance of avoiding the plants and (b) other environmental commitments
on the project.
6. The area of the existing bridge will be regraded and revegetated to mimic
adjacent condirions and provide future potential habitat for H. naniflora at that
site.
7. The NCDOT will protect approximately 70 dwarf-flowered heartleaf plants -
within theirright-of--way.
Indirect Effects: Because the proposed new alignment will not make adjacent pazcels more
accessible and because the NCDOT proposes to purchase the remainder of the intact
dwarf-flowered heartleaf population, no indirect effects are expected to occur to the subject
dwarf-flowered heartleaf population. Further, because only 60 of the estimated 198,000 known
plants will be lost, no indirect negative affects should occur that would limit the species'
recovery potential.
Species' Response to the Proposed Action
Ii is expected teat this brdge replacement, with the protective measures described above, can be
cazried out with the loss of only 46 percent (60 plants) of one population of the dwarf-flowered
heartleaf and not result in the loss of the entire population. The loss of 60 plants represents only
three one-hundredths of one percent of the number of known plants, and the loss will not have
negative effects on the recovery of the species. Although a great many of the plants and
populations have been discovered since the species was listed, relatively few aze afforded nay
protection. The purchase of the remainder of the population (an estimated 70 plants), coupled
with other NCDOT conservation efforts for this species, will significantly contribute to the
recovery of the species. .
CUPvIUL,ATIVE EFFECT'S
Cumulative effects include the effects of future state, tribal, local, or private actions that are
reasonably cer~ain to occur in the action a*ea considered i_n this Opinion. Fut=,.~re federal actions
that are unrela*.ed to the proposed action aze not considered in this section beca•~se they require a
separate consultatior. pursuant to section 7 of the Act.
Fseca*.ise the ti'CI'iOT has agreed to purchase addirionai right-o way ~u~t can,.:~ins u e remainder
of tt•.e dwarf-flowered heartleaf population and has agreed to protect the population in p~°rpetuity,
6

~ ~
there are no state, tribal, local, or private actions reasonably certain to occur here within the
future that would affect the dwarf-flowered heartleaf. .
CONCLUSION
After reviewing the current status of Hexastylis naniflora, the environmental baseline for the
action area, the effects of the proposed bridge replacement, the cumulative effects, and the
proposed conservation measures, it is our biological opinion that the project as proposed is not
likely to jeopardize the continued existence of Hexastylis rani, flora. No critical habitat has been
designated for this species; therefore, none will be affected.
INCIDENTAL TAKE STATEMENT
Section 9 of the Act and federal regulations pursuant to section 4(d) of the Act prohibit the taking
of endangered and threatened species, respectively, without special exemption. Take is defined
as to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or att°mpt to engage
in any such conduct. Haim is further defined to include significant habitat modification or
degradation that results in death or injury to listed species by significantly impairing essential
behavioral patterns, such as breeding, feeding, or sheltering. Harass is defined as intentional or
negligent actions that create the likelihood of injury to listed species to such an extent as to
significantly disrupt normal behavior patterns, which include, but are not limited to, breeding,
feeding, or sheltering. Incidental take is defined as take that is incidental to, and not for the
purpose ef, the carrying cut of an otherwise lawful activity. Under the terms of section 7(b)(4)
and section 7(0)(2), taking that is incidental to and not intended as part of the agency ac'aon is not
considered to be prohibited under the Act, provided that such taking is in cospliance with the
terms and condi*.i~ns of this incidenta take statement.
Sections 7(b)(4) and 7(0)(2) of the Act generally do not apply to listed plant species. However,
section 9(a)(2)(3) provides limited protection of listed plants from take to the extent that the Act
prohibits the removal and reduction to possession of federally listed endangered plants or the
malicious damage to such plants en areas under federal jurisdiction or the destruction of
endangered plan+.s on nonfederal areas in violation of state law or regulation or in the course of
any violation of a state criminal trespass law. Therefore, for this Opinion, incidental take does
not apply, and an incidental take statement is not necessary.
CONSERVA'L I~3I~I ~ECONIIvFENOATIONS
Section 7(a)(1) of ;he Act directs federal agencies to utilize their authorities to fiL*t'~er the
purposes of the Act by carrying out conservation programs for the benefit of endangered aid
threatened species. Conservation recommendations are discretionary agency activities to
7

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•
. ~'
minimize or avoid the adverse effects of a proposed action on listed species or critical habitat, to
help implement recovery plans, or to develop information. We request that the following
conservation recommendations be implemented by the NCDOT as part of the project plan:
1. Notify the North Cazolina Plant Conservation Program (NCPCP) that 60 plants
will be lost to the proposed construction. Allow a qualified botanist from the
NCPCP to transplant, if desired, any of the plants that would be lost to a
different area (outside the acquisition area) for protection.
2. Monitor the dwarf-flowered heartleaf population inside the acquisition azea
annually for 5 years to determine its stability and detect any construction
effects (positive or negative) that could occur which have nct been anticipated
(increased light, hydrology changes, etc.).
In order for us to be kept informed about actions tl'at minimize or avoid adverse effects or that
benefit listed species or their habitats, we request notification of the implementation of any
conservation recommendations.
REINITIATION/CLOSING STATEMENT
This concludes formal consultation on the action outlined in your May 30, 2003, request for
formal consultation.. As provided in 50 CFR 402.16, reinitiation of formal consultation is
required where discreticnary federal agency involvement or control over an action has been
retained (or is au*.horized by law) and if: (1) the amount or extent of incidental take is exceeded,
(2) new information reveals effects of the agency action that may affect Lsted species or critical
habiat in a manner or to an extent not considered in t: is Opi.:~ion, (3) the agency action is
subsequently modified in a ma*iner that causes an effect to the listed species or critical habitat
that was not considered in this Opinion, or (4) a new species is listed or critical habitat is
designated that may be affected by the action.
If you or your staff have any questions ~onceming this Opinion, please contzct Ms. Marella
Buncick of our staff at 828/258-3939, Ext. 237, or me, Ext. 223. VJe have assigned our Log
No. 42-03-415 to this project; please refer to it in any future correspondence concerning this
project.
Sincerely,
~L~
Brian P. Cole
State S upervisor

-- •
. .
CC:
Mr. John'Ihomas, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Raleigh Regulatory Field Otlice, 6508 Falls of
the Neuse Road, Suite I20, Raleigh, NC 27615
Ms. Marla J. Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, 12275 Swift Road, Oakboro, NC 28129
Regional Director, FWS, Atlanta, GA (ES/TE, Attention: Mr. Joe Johnston)
'References
Blomquist, H. L. 1957. A revision of the Hexastylis of North America. Brittonic 8:255-281.
Gaddy, L. L. 1980. Status report on Hexastylis nan~ora. Prepared for the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service. Unpublished report 25 pp.
. 1981. The Status of Hexastylis nan~ora Blomquist in North Carolina. Unpublished
report. 58 pp.
9

United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
May 24, 2006
Mr. John F. Sullivan, III, P.E.
Division Administrator
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
310 New Bern Avenue, Suite 410
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601
Dear Mr. Sullivan:
~i~
<c~'y
~-
We issued a Biological Opinion (Opinion) on September 23, 2003, for the replacement of Bridge
No. 90 on SR 1718 over Gunpowder Creek in Caldwell County, North Carolina (Federal Aid
No. BRZ-1718(3),~TIP No. B-3126), after a determination that the proposed project "may affect" the
federally threatened dwarf-flowered heartleaf (Hexastylis nani~lora). This document constitutes an
amendment to that Opinion based on our review of information provided by the Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) and the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT). This
amendment is provided pursuant to section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended
(16 U.S.C.1531-1543).
This amendment is necessary because another survey of the project area revealed more plants would
be impacted by project construction than previously determined. We developed this amendment to
the Opinion based on the results of field surveys, the 2003 Biological Assessment (BA), and the 2006
amendments to the BA. A complete record of this consultation is on file in this office.
CONSULTATION HISTORY
The September 23, 2003, Opinion described details of the consultation history to that date.
Additional details since that date include:
• On April 19, 2005, the NCDOT conducted a visit to the site and located more plants than
were originally found in the impact area.
• On June 1, 2005, the NCDOT resurveyed to obtain individual plant counts.
• On June 20, 2005, NCDOT and our staff discussed, by telephone, the updated survey data
and what measures could be taken to minimize impacts.

• On April 12, 2006, we received an amended BA from the FHWA/NCDOT, including a
request to reinitiate formal consultation.
• On May 5, 2006, in a telephone conversation with the NCDOT, remaining questions were
answered, the BA was accepted as complete, and an agreement was reached to attempt to
process the amendment by the end of May.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION
The project description has not changed since 2003. The NCDOT proposes to replace the existing
111-foot-long two-lane Bridge No. 90 (completed in 1965) over Gunpowder Creek in Caldwell
County, North Carolina. The current horizontal alignment of the roadway at the south end of the
existing bridge is considered poor, and the vertical alignment is very poor in both directions. The
replacement two-lane bridge will be approximately 160 feet long, on an improved alignment.
The 2003 BA described the proposed project as intersecting a population of the dwarf-flowered
heartleaf that occurs along Gunpowder Creek on both banks on the west side of SR 1718. In 2003
this population was estimated at 130 plants, and approximately 60 plants would be directly impacted
by the project. Further surveys in 2006 located an additiona1250 plants, 124 of which would be
impacted with project construction (Table 1). h12003, two Subpopulations were
described--Subpopulations A and B. In 2006 another Subpopulation--Subpopulation C--was
described as being inside the right-of--way.
TABLE 1
~" ~ ~
`
' ~ Estiriated
Impacts ~ -`~`~"'
E~hrnafied'. a1;":
~
Site s~ ~
;~ ~ ~- ' (# plants) s~
~
`~` ~ ~ 03 ~$ ~~ D~`n s
fl 6

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~ ,...., ~~.
_ ~.. ~~~ .
~_
~_ ~.
Subpopulation A 10 44
Subpopulation B 50 67
Subpopulation C n/a 73
Total 60 184
Direct Effects
The direct impacts to plants described in the 2003 BA have not changed because of changes in the
project, but rather, because more plants were discovered at the site. Additionally, the 2005 surveys
were conducted in June (when the plants were not in flower), so the NCDOT assumed all plants were
H. nan~ora. Given that H. heterophylla also occurs in the project area, impacts to H. naniflora
likely are less than the total counts for the impact area.

Conservation Measures
In the 2003 BA, the NCDOT agreed to permanently protect and monitor 70 plants within the
currently owned or expanded right-of--way at the site. In the current recount of plants,
Subpopulation C contains a total of 163 plants; 90 of these will be avoided and will be permanently
protected on the site. It was determined that additional on-site protection was not feasible. To offset
the additional impacts, the NCDOT/FHWA has agreed to fund a temporary staff position for
2 months to assist our Recovery Coordinator with the 5-year status review for H. nan~ora (reference
commitment on page 2 of the amended BA).
CONCLUSION
In summary, 184 plants will be impacted by project construction, and 160 plants will be protected on
the site. After reviewing the current status of the dwarf-flowered heartleaf; the environmental
baseline for the action area; the additional effects of the proposed project that were not considered in
our Opinion of September 23, 2003; the cumulative effects; and the proposed conservation measures,
it is our biological opinion that the project as proposed is not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the dwarf-flowered heartleaf. No critical habitat has been designated for this species;
therefore, none will be affected.
I2EINITIATION/CLOSING STATEMENT
This again concludes .formal consultation on the action outlined in your April 11, 2006, request for
formal consultation. As provided in 50 CFR 402.16, the reinitiation of formal consultation is
required where discretionary federal agency involvement or control over an action has been retained
(or is authorized bylaw) and if: (1) the amount or extent of incidental take is exceeded, (2) new
information reveals effects of the agency action that may affect listed species or critical habitat in a
manner or to an extent not considered in this Opinion, (3) the agency action is subsequently modified
in a manner that causes an effect to the listed species or critical habitat that was not considered in this
Opinion, or (4) a new species is listed or critical habitat is designated that may be affected by the
action.
If you have any questions or concerns about this consultation or the consultation process in general,
please feel free to contact Ms. Marella Buncick of our staff at 828/258-3939, Ext. 237, or me,
Ext. 223.
Sincerely,
7G Brian P. Cole
Field Supervisor
cc:
Ms. Elizabeth Lusk, Project Development and Environmental Analysis, North Carolina Department
of Transportation, 1598 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1598

NCDOT Project I.D. B-3126
Caldwell County, NC
Replacement of Bridge #90 over Gunpowder Creek on SR 1718
Prepared by: Stantec Consulting
801 Jones Franklin Road, Suite 300
Raleigh, NC 27606
September 3, 2002
NATURAL CHANNEL DESIGN
TRIBUTARY TO GUNPOWDER CREEK
Left of Project Station 16+10 to Left of Station 18+85
Permit Site 1
The replacement of Bridge Number 90 over Gunpowder Creek in Caldwell County will
require that a portion of a Tributary to Gunpowder Creek be relocated from Left of
Project Station 16+10 -L- to Left of Station 18+85 -L-, approximately 315 feet in length.
The proposed channel relocation is designed according to "natural channel" design
principles proposed by Dave Rosgen.
The Tributary's drainage area is mostly rural and wooded in nature. The stream was also
found to be perennial in nature.
'T'here is no hydraulic gage data available on this stream or on nearby streams. Current
discharges were estimated using the NCDOT procedures for rural watersheds.
EXISTING CHANNEL
A representative portion of the existing channel (upstream of the proposed relocation)
was surveyed in detail for the purpose of channel classification. The existing channel
was measured to have an entrenchment ratio of 1.43, awidth/depth ratio of 8.00, a
sinuosity of 1.06 and an average slope of 0.026 ft/ft. A pebble count was preformed and
the channel was found to have a classification of sand bottom. The channel was found to
be a GS stream type according to the Rosgen classification system.
REFERENCE REACH
The reference reach was surveyed in detail for the purpose of channel classification and
use in natural channel design. A 127 ft long reach was surveyed in detail. The reference
reach channel u-as measured to ha V e an entrenchment ratio of 3.08, a Yv~dth/~depth ratio of
8.25, a sinuosity of 1.09 and an average slope of 0.023 ft/ft. A pebble count was
preformed and the channel was found to have a classification of sand bottom. The
channel was found to be a CSb stream type according to the Rosgen classification system.

OPOSED CHANNEL
Based upon the existing valley type and the flood prone width desired, the proposed
channel design has a CS stream type classification. Design data is given in the attached
table along with existing reach and reference reach data. A proposed cross-vane will
control the channel gradient upstream, while astep-pool structure will control the
gradient downstream. Mean "bankfull" depth was set at 0.60 feet. Above bankfull depth
it is proposed to excavate an approximately 15 foot wide flood plain (including the
channel).
It is believed that by forming a flood plain above, bankfull depth channel stability will be
enhanced by reducing velocities for those discharges above the bankfull discharge. This
should lead to a more stable channel. It is anticipated that the proposed channel will have
a sand bottom. Maximum pool depths of 1.74 feet are proposed at outside bends of
meanders.
Sediment transport computations were performed, using the proposed channel geometry.
This stream has been determined as having a sand bed material and entrainment
calculations are not appropriate for sediment transport in sand bed systems.
Determination and evaluation of the stream power is an acceptable approach in regards to
sediment transport in sand bed material streams. The affected section has been classified
as a G type stream, it is entrenched and has a low width to depth ratio. When converting
a channel from a type G to C, the design approach is to reduce the stream power to
minimize degradation. The proposed design has reduced the stream power from 2.76 to
2.59 (lbs/ft s) and the shear stress from 0.80 to 0.11 (lbs/sq ft). Therefore the proposed
type C stream will be a stable channel because the slight reduction of stream power and
shear stress will maintain values similar to those found within the existing conditions.
Proposed channel stabilization is shown on the attached detail sheet. It is anticipated that
channel banks will be planted with native trees and shrubs above bankfull depth. Root-
Wads, Rock Weirs, Cross Vanes and aStep-Pool Structure will be utilized to control the
near bank shear stress in the meanders, along the proposed roadway.
AS BUILT
An As Built will be submitted within sixty (60) day of completion of the project. The
As-built will document changes in the dimension, pattern, profile, vegetation plantings,
and structures installed of the constructed channel from the proposed design.
MONITORING
The following components of Level 1 monitoring will be performed each year of the 5-
year monitoring period: Reference photos, plant survival (i.e., identify specific problems
areas (missing, stressed, damaged or-dead plantings), estimated ca~.:ses and
proposed/required remedial action); visual inspection of channel stability. Physical
measurements of channel stability/morphology will not be performed. A monitoring
report will be submitted within sixty (60) days after completing the monitoring.

Table 5.1.1 Morphological Characteristics of Project Stream Channels
c/ Trib to Gunpowder Creek Proposed Channel Design
~/ B-3126
Design by: Kevin Williams, PE
5~11~C Checked by: Kevin Williams, PE

ITEM
Existing
Conditions Trib to Gunpowder
Creek Proposed
Channel Desi n

Reference Reach
STREAM NAME
B-3126
B-3126
Bi Branch
STREAM TYPE G5 C5 C5b
DRAINAGE AREA (DA) 32 Ac 32 Ac 941 Ac
BANKFULL WIDTH (Wbkf) 4.9 ft 5.20 ft 14.30 ft
BANKFULL MEAN DEPTH (dbkf) 0.61 ft 0.60 ft 1.73 ft
WIDTH/DEPTH RATIO (Wbkddbkf) 8.00 8.70 8.25
BANKFULL X-SECTION AREA (Abkf) 3.00 ft2 3.06 ft2 24.80 ft2
BANKFULL MEAN VELOCITY, ft/s 3.43 fps 3.30 fps 4.76 fps
BANKFULL DISCHARGE, cfs 10 cfs 10 cfs 118.00 cfs
BANKFULL MAX DEPTH (dmax) 0.89 ft 0.90 ft 2.80 ft
WIDTH Flood-Prone Area (W~a) 7 ft 15.2 ft 44.00 ft
ENTRENCHMENT RATIO (ER) 1.43 2.92 3.08
MEANDER LENGTH (Lm) 0 - 0 ft 13 - 23 ft 30 - 55 ft
RATIO OF Lm TO Wbkf 0-0 2-4 2.1 -3.8
RADIUS OF CURVATURE* 4 - 11 ft 12 - 18 ft 13 - 23 ft
RATIO OF Rc TO Wbkf 0.7 - 1 2.0 - 3 0.91 - 2.79
BELT WIDTH 15 ft 24 ft 25 ft
MEANDER WIDTH RATIO 3.1 4.0 1.75
SINUOSITY (K) 1.06 1.29 1.09
VALLEY SLOPE 0.028 ft/ft 0.009 ft/ft 0.025 ft/ft
AVERAGE SLOPE (S) 0.026 fUft 0.004 ft/ft 0.023 ft/ft
POOL SLOPE 0.000 ft/ft 0.001 ft/ft 0.000 - 0.003 ft/ft
RATIO OF POOL SLOPE TO
AVERAGE SLOPE
0.00
0.14
0.02 - 0.14
MAX POOL DEPTH 1.10 ft 1.74 ft 4.80 - 5.10 ft
RATIO OF POOL DEPTH TO
AVERAGE BANKFULL DEPTH
1.80
2.90
2.8 - 2.9
POOL WIDTH 4.60 ft 10.20 ft 30 ft
RATIO OF POOL WIDTH TO
BANKFULL-WIDTH __ __ _
0:94......
_...1.74 _ _
_ 2.07_ _ _ _ _
POOL TO POOL SPACING 15.0 ft 10 - 26 ft 25 - 62 ft
RATIO OF POOL TO POOL
SPACING TO BANKFULL WIDTH
3.06
2 - 4
1.7 - 4.3
* Due to mature vegetation root mass in the Reference Reach's side slopes and floodplain, the reference
reach data will not be matched in proposed design. The use of a higher ratio will allow the meanders to
be stable while the root system is established

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Bridge No. 90, on SR 1718
Over Gunpowder Creek
Federal Aid Project BRZ-1718(3)
State Project 8.2732701
TIP Project B-3126
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
N.C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DMSION OF HIGHWAYS
APPR
g/?d~
DAB Gregory J. Th
Environmental
Project Devel
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D e
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orpe, PhD
Management Director
opment and Environmental Antes Branch
John F. Sullivan, III vi
~,r Division Administrator, FHWA
. ~ ~ i

Caldwell County
Bridge No. 90, on SR 1718
Over Gunpowder Creek
Federal Aid Project BRZ-1718(3)
State Project 8.2732701
TIP Project B-3126
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
Documentation Prepared in Project Development and Environmental Analysis
Branch By:
Date Dennis Pipkin, P.E.
Project Planning Engineer
ate William T. Goodwin, Jr.,
Unit Head, Bridge Replacement Planning Unit

ENVIRONMENTAL CONIIVIITMENTS:
Caldwell County
Bridge No. 90, on SR 1718
. Over Gunpowder Creek
Federal Aid Project BRZ-1718(3)
. • State Project 8.2732701
TIP Project B-3126
1. Roadway Design Unit, Roadside Environmental Unit, Resident Engineer:
Reve e~~tation: The existing bridge and approaches will be removed after the new bridge is
completed, and the azea will be revegetated with appropriate plant species.
2. Roadway Design Unit, Structure Design Unit, Project Development & Environmental
Analysis Branch (Permits), Resident Engineer:
Bridge Demolition:
The bridge railings, deck, and superstructwe aze composed of steel. The substructure is '
composed of timber on concrete sills. The bridge rail, asphalt weazing surface, superstructure,
and timber components of the substructure will be removed without dropping any material into
Waters of the United States. However, there is potential for other components of the bridge to be
dropped into Waters of the U.S. during construction. The resulting temporary fill associated with
the concrete sills would be approximately 18 cubic yards. During construction, Best Management
Practices. for Bridge Demolition and Removal will be followed.
Federally Protected Species:
The dwarf-flowered heartleaf plant will be affected by the proposed project. Mitigation
activities will be carried,out as agreed during the Section 7 Process and as specified in the
Biological Opinion rendered by the US Fish & Wildlife Service. The major mandatory
requirements of the Biological Opinion aze summarized as follows; see appendix to this
Categorical Exclusion document for further details:
1. Cut and fill slopes to be kept to a maximum of 2:1.
2. Stone-water discharge directed to east side of road.
3. Construction limits in azeas where the endangered plants are located will be limited to
five feet outside the slope stakes.
4. All areas near the project containing the dwarf-flowered heartleaf plants will be
protected from disturbance by construction activities.
5. A biologist from the US Fish & Wildlife Service will attend preconstruction meetings.
6. The area of the existing bridge to be removed will be graded and revegetated to mimic
adjacent conditions.
7. The NCDOT will protect approximately 70 dwarf-flowered heartleaf plants within the
Right-of--Way.
Construction Access:
Construction access shall be from east side of the proposed bridge, if practical.
Categorical Exclusion Document Page 1 of 1
Green Sheet
September 2004

Caldwell County
Bridge No. 90, on SR 1718
Over Gunpowder Creek
Federal Aid Project BRZ-1718(3)
State Project 8.2732701
TIP Project B-3126
I. SUMMARY OF PROJECT:
NCDOT proposes to replace Bridge No. 90, in Caldwell County. Bridge No. 90 carries
Highway SR 1718 over Gunpowder Creek, in the southeastern part of Caldwell County. NCDOT and
FHWA classify this action as a Categorical Exclusion, due to the fact that no notable environmental
impacts are likely to occur as a result of project construction. NCDOT will replace Bridge No. 90 at a
new location, as shown in Figure 2. The existing bridge will be replaced with a structure consisting of
a new bridge approximately 160 feet long. A paved travelway of 24 feet will be accommodated, with
3 foot offsets on each side. The new structure will be at approximately the same elevation as the
existing bridge. '
The estimated cost is $1,594,000 including $44,000 for Right-of--Way acquisition and
$1,550,000 for construction. Bridge No. 90 is included in the 2004-2010 North Carolina Department
of Transportation (NCDOT) Transportation Improvement Program and in the Federal-Aid Bridge
Replacement Program.
II. ANTICIPATED DESIGN EXCEPTIONS:
A design exception for this project is anticipated for vertical and horizontal curvature.
III. EXISTING CONDITIONS
NCDOT classifies SR 1718 as a Rural Local Route in the Statewide Functional Classification
System. The land use of the surrounding area is rural residential, with scattered small businesses.
Near Bridge No. 90, SR 1718 is a two lane, paved facility, 19 feet in width, with grassed
shoulders on each side. The existing bridge carries two lanes. Horizontal alignments on the south
approach is very poor, and the vertical alignment is very poor in both directions.
Bridge No: 90 was built in 1965. The bridge is 111 feet long, with a 24 foot roadway width.
The bridge has an asphalt overlay wearing surface on a steel plank floor on steel I-beams. The end and
interior bents are of timber caps and posts with concrete sills. The deck of Bridge No. 90 is 28 feet
above the stream bed. Two lanes of traffic are carried and the load limit is posted at 28 tons for single
vehicles (SV) and 32 tons for Truck-Tractor Semi-Trailers (TTST). According to Bridge Maintenance
records, the bridge's sufficiency rating is 32.4 out of a possible 100.0.
The current traffic volume at the bridge vicinity is 2100 vehicles per day (VPD), projected to
increase to 4200 VPD by the design year (2025). No speed limit is posted in area, therefore it is
assumed to be 55 mph by statute.

NCDOT Traffic Engineering accident records indicate there were three vehicle crashes
reported in the vicinity of Bridge No. 90 during a recent throe year period. The Transportation
Director of Caldwell County schools indicates that there are four school busses crossing the bridge
twice per day, for a total of eight trips per day. Road closure can be accommodated but would cause
rerouting with some resulting delays for school busses.
IV. ALTERNATES:
Two methods of replacing Bridge No. 90 were studied. These alternates involve a
replacement structure consisting of a new bridge approximately 160 feet in length. A paved travelway
of 24 feet will be provided, with 3 foot offsets on each side. The approach roadway will consist of a
24 foot travelway with a minimum of 8 foot shoulders on each side.
The project alternates studied are as follows:
Alternate One: -Replace bridge on existing location with a new bridge approximately 160 feet in
length. Traffic would be maintained by a temporary on-site bridge placed to the west.
Alternate Two: (Recommended) -Replace bridge on new alignment to the west of existing, with a
new bridge approximately 160 feet in length. Traffic would be maintained on the existing bridge for
as long as practicable during the construction period. It appears from preliminary design that traffic
may be maintained on-site for a portion of the construction period. For the remainder of the
construction period, anoff-site detour using existing local roads will be required. The Division 11
Engineer concurs with detouring traffic off-site.
The "do-nothing" alternate is not practical; requiring eventual closing of the road as the
existing bridge completely deteriorates. The sufficiency rating of the existing bridge is only 32.4 out
of 100.0. Rehabilitation of the existing deteriorating bridge is neither practical nor economical.
V. COST ESTIMATE
Estimated costs of the alternates studied are as follows:
Alternate 1 Alternate 2 (Recommended)
Structure
Roadway Approaches
Structure Removal
Temporary Detour & Structure
Engineering & Contingencies
Total Construction Cost
Right-of--Way and Utilities
Total Project Cost
$ 283,000 $ 311,000
1,186,000 1,011,000
22,000 22,000
83,000 0
226,000 206,000
1,800,000 1,550,000
43,000 44,000
$1843,000 $1,594,000
2

VI. RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS
NCDOT will replace Bridge No. 90.at a new location, as shown in Figure 2. The existing
bridge will be replaced with a structure consisting of a new bridge approximately 160 feet long. A
- paved travelway of 24 feet will be accommodated, with 3 foot offsets on each side. The new structure
will be at approximately the same elevation as the existing bridge. The approach roadway width will
consist of 24 feet of paved travelway and an 8 foot grassed shoulder on each side. The shoulder width
will be increased by 3 feet where guardrail is warranted. The project will require approximately 800
feet of new approach roadway work.
A design speed of 60 MPH is proposed for the project. A design exception is anticipated for
vertical and horizontal curvature.
NCDOT recommends that alternate 2 be constructed, in order to minimize costs. Also,
alternate 2 will provide an improved alignment, thereby enhancing safety at the bridge location. The
offsite detour recommended is via SR 1809 and SR 1717 (See location map in appendix). The
additional travel distance for this offsite detour is 0.65 mile.
NCDOT's Division 11 Engineer concurs with the selection of the recommended alternate.
SR 1718 is not designated as a bicycle route, and there is no indication that an unusual
number of bicyclists use the road.
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
A. General Environmental Effects
The project is considered to be a "Categorical Exclusion" (CE) due to its limited scope and
insubstantial environmental consequences.
The bridge project will not have a substantial adverse effect on the quality of the human or
natural environment with the use of current NCDOT standazds and specifications.
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or zoning regulation. No change
in land use is expected to result from construction of the project. No adverse effect on families or
communities is anticipated. Right-of-way acquisition will be limited.
No adverse effect on public facilities or services is expected. The project is not expected to
adversely affect social, economic or religious opportunities in the area.
No publicly owned pazks, recreational facilities or wildlife or waterfowl refuges of national,
state, or local significance are in the vicinity of the project.
Construction of the project will not have a significant adverse impact on the floodplain or
associated flood hazard. The elevation of the 100-year flood will not be increased by more than 12
inches.
3

NCDOT expects utility conflicts to be of a medium level for a project of this size and
magnitude.
There are no known hazardous waste sites in the project area.
B. Architectnral & Archaeological Resources
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act of 1966, as amended, & implemented by Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's regulations
for compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800. Section 106 requires that if a federally
funded, licensed, or permitted project has an effect on property listed on or eligible for the National
Register of Historic Places, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation will be given an
opportunity to comment.
Architectural Resonrces
A meeting was held with the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) to evaluate potential
effects of the project. No historic structures are located within the area of potential effect; therefore,
the SHPO recommended that no historic surveys be conducted for the project.
Archaeological Resources
The SHPO indicated that there are no known recorded archaeological sites within the area of
potential effect, and it is unlikely that any archaeological resources could be affected by the project.
Therefore, the SHPO recommended that no azchaeological investigation be conducted in connection
with this project. Thus, it is concluded that the project will have no effect on archaeological resowces.
C. Natural Systems
Physical Resources
Soils
There aze two soil types located in the project area. A brief description of each soil type is
provided.
Chewacla loam, occasionally flooded (Cml is a neazly level, poorly drained soil found on floodplains
along streams. It has a surface layer of 8-inch thick brown loam. It has moderate penmeability, with
low shrink-swell potential. The seasonal high water table is 0.5 ft to 1.5 R below the surface most of
the year. This soil is subject to brief, occasional flooding. The main limitations of this soil are
wetness and flooding. The Capability Unit is IIIw.
Pacolet fine sandv loam, 15-25% slope (PaEI is swell-drained soil on ridges and side slopes in the
Piedmont uplands. It has a surface layer of 7-inch thick fine sandy loam. Bedrock depth in these
areas is more than 60 inches. This soil has moderate permeability and moderate shrink-swell
potential.
4

Water Resounes
This section contains information concerning surface water resources likely to be impacted by
the proposed project. Water resource assessments include the physical characteristics, best usage
standards, and water quality aspects of the water resources, along with their relationship to major
regional drainage systems. Probable impacts to surface water resources are also discussed, as are
means to minimize impacts.
Best Usoge Class cation
Water resources within the study area are located in the Catawba River Drainage Basin.
There is one water resource in the project study area. SR 1718 crosses Gunpowder Creek, a tributary
to the Catawba River.
Streams have been assigned a best usage classification by the Division of Water Quality
(DWQ), fonmerly Division of Environmental Management (DEM), which reflects water quality
conditions and potential resource usage. The classification for Gunpowder Creek [DEM Index No.
11-55-(1.5), 8/3/92] is classified as WS-lV. WS-IV (Water Supply I~ refers to those waters
protected as water supplies which are generally in moderately to highly developed watersheds;
suitable for all class C uses (aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary
recreation, and agriculture). No registered point source dischargers are located in or directly
upstream from the project study area.
No waters classified as High Quality Waters (HQW), Water Supplies (WS-I or WS-Il)
or Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) occur within 1.0 mile of the project study area
Physical Characteristics of Surface Waters
Gunpowder Creek at SR 1718 is approximately 45.0 ft wide and is approximately 1.0 ft deep.
The creek has substrate composed primarily of silt, sand, and gravel.
Water Quality
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Ambient Network
The Basinwide Monitoring Program, managed by the DWQ, is part of an ongoing ambient
water quality-monitoring program that addresses long-term trends in water quality. The program
monitors ambient water quality by sampling at fixed sites for selected benthic macroinvertebrates
organisms, which are sensitive to water quality conditions. There are no benthic monitoring
stations on Gunpowder Creek in or above the project area.
Summary of Anticipated Impacts
In order to minimize potential impacts to water resources in the project area, NCDOTs Best
Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters will be strictly enforced during the
5

construction phase of the project. Impacts can be further reduced by limiting instream activities and
revegetating stream banks immediately following the completion of grading.
Biotic Resoarces
Scientific nomenclature and common namcs (when applicable) are provided for each animal
and plant species described. Subsequent references to the same organism refer to the common name
only. Fauna observed during the site visit are denoted in the text with an asterisk (*).
Biotic Communities
Biotic communities include terrestrial and aquatic elements. Much of the flora and fauna
described within biotic communities utilize resources from adjacent communities, making boundaries
between contiguous communities difficult to define. There are three communities located in the
project area: disturbed/maintained roadside, riparian, and aquatic.
Disturbed /Maintained Roadside
This irregulazly maintained community is located on the west side of the existing bridge and
will be impacted by the on-site detour or new alignment. The primary tree species include yellow
poplaz (Liriodendron tulipifera), Virginia pine (Pines virginiana), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis),
and red maple (Acer rubrum). The shrub and ground layers are composed of blackberry (Rubes
argutus), multiflora rose (Rosa mult~ora), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), panic grass
(Panicum sp.), fescue (Festuca sp), ragweed (Ambrosia artemisifolia), oxeye. daisy (Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum), buckhorn plantain (Plantago sp.), dog fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium), and Asiatic
dayflower (Commelina communis).
Riparian Community
The riparian community is located on either side of Gunpowder Creek and is composed of species
such as soft rush (Juncos e,,~usus), Asiatic grass (Microstegium virmi»eum), carex (Carex sp. ), St.
John's-Wort (Hypericum perforatum), virgin's bower (Clematis viorna), Jce-I'ye weed (Eupatorium
maculatum), black willow (Salix nigra), multiflora rose, and pokeweed (Phytolacca americana).
Tree species observed include yellow poplaz, river birch (Betula nigra), black cherry (Prunes
serotina), smooth alder (Ilex serrulata), silky dogwood (Corpus amomum), and red maple.
D. Aquatic Community
This community consists of Gunpowder Creek. Aquatic insects found in this community
include the water strider (Gerris spp.), netmaking caddisflies (Hydropsychae spp.), crane fly (Tipula
spp.), swimming mayfly (Ephemeroptera), and black-winged damselfly (Calopteryx maculata).
Wildlife
Maintained\disturbed communities adjacent to forested tracts provide rich ecotones for
foraging, while the forests provide forage and cover. Common mammals and birds associated with
ecotones and upland forests are woodchuck (Marmots monaz), least shrew (Crypototis parva),
southern short-tailed shrew (Blarina carolinensis), hispid cottonrat (Sigmodon hispidus), eastern
cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), raccoon
Procyon lotor), gray squirrel* (Sciurus
6

carolinesis), Northern mockingbird* (emus polyglottos), Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis),
European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula). _
Summary of Anticipated Impacts
Terrestrial Impacts
Impacts to terrestrial communities will result from project construction due to the clearing
and paving of portions of the project area, and thus the loss of community area. Table 1 summarizes
potential losses to these communities, resulting from project construction. Calculated impacts to
terrestrial communities reflect the relative abundance of each community present in the study area.
Estimated impacts are derived based on the project lengths described previously where they intersect
with the natural communities, and the entire proposed right-of-way width of 80.0 ft for the bridge
replacement and another 20.0 ft for the on-site detour. However, project construction often does not
require the entire right-of--way; therefore, actual impacts may be considerably less.
to terrestrial communities.
Disturbed/Maintained Roadside 0.10 ac 0.00 ac 1.19 ac
~p~an 0.06 ac 0.06 ac 0.28 ac
Total Impacts 0.16 ac 0.06 ac 1.47 ac
Temporary Impacts
r Permanent Impacts
Aquatic Impacts
Impacts to the aquatic community of Gunpowder Creek will result from the replacement of
Bridge No. 90 and/or improving the alignment of SR 1718. Impacts are likely to result from the
physical disturbance of aquatic habitats (i.e. substrate and water quality). Disturbance of aquatic
habitats has a detrimental effect on aquatic community composition by reducing species diversity and
the overall quality of aquatic habitats. Physical alterations to aquatic habitats can result in the
following impacts to aquatic communities.
• Inhibition of plant growth.
• Algal blooms resulting from increased nutrient concentrations.
• Loss of benthic macroinvertebrates through scouring resulting from an increased sediment load.
Impacts to aquatic communities can be minimized by strict adherence to BMP's.
Jurisdictional Topics
This section provides inventories and impact analyses pertinent to two significant regulatory
issues: Waters of the United States. and rare and protected species. These issues retain particular
significance because of federal and state mandates that regulate their protection. This section deals
7

specifically with the impact analyses required to satisfy regulatory authority prior to project
construction.
Waters of the United States
Surface waters and wetlands fall under the broad category of "Waters of the United States,"
as defined in Section 33 of the Code of Federal Register (CRF) Part 328.3. Any action that proposes
to dredge or place fill material into surface waters or wetlands falls under the jurisdiction of the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers (COE) under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344).
Surface waters include all standing or flowing waters which have commercial or recreational value to
the public. Wetlands are identified based on the presence of hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation, and
saturated or flooded conditions during all or part of the growing season.
Characteristics of Wetlands and Surface Waters
Criteria to delineate jurisdictional wetlands include evidence of hydric soils, hydro~hytic
vegetation and hydrology. There are no wetlands in the project area. Physical aspects of surface
waters are described elsewhere in this document.
Impacts to jurisdictional surface waters are calculated based on the lineaz feet of the stream
that are located within the proposed right-of--way. A combined length of 100.0 ft of Gunpowder
Creek and 0.10 ac of streambed may be permanently or temporarily impacted by the proposed bridge
replacement using Alternate 1. Alternate 2 would permanently impact up to 80.0 ft and up to 0.08 ac
of the stream bed. Physical aspects of surface waters are described elsewhere in this section.
Permits
Impacts to jurisdictional surface waters are anticipated from the proposed project. As a
result, construction activities will require permits and certifications from various regulatory agencies
in chazge of protecting the water quality of public water resources
A Nationwide Permit 33 CFR 330.5(a) (23) is likely to be applicable for all impacts to Waters
of the United States resulting from the proposed project. This permit authorizes activities undertaken,
assisted, authorized, regulated, funded or financed in whole, or part, by another Federal agency or
department where that agency or department has determined that pursuant to the council on
environmental quality regulation for implementing the procedural provisions of the National
Environmental Policy Act:
(1) that the activity, work, or dischazge is categorically excluded from environmental
documentation because it is included within a category of actions which neither
individually nor cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment, and;
(2) that the office of the Chief of Engineers has been furnished notice of the agency's or
department's application for the categorical exclusion and concurs with that determination.
This project will also require a 401 Water Quality Certification from the DWQ prior to the
issuance of the Nationwide Permit. Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that the state issue or
deny water certification for any federally permitted or licensed activity that may result in a dischazge
8

to Waters of the United States. Section 401 Certification allows surface waters to be temporarily
impacted for the duration of the construction or ~ other land manipulation. The issuance of a 401
permit from the DWQ is a prerequisite to issuance of a Section 404 permit.
Bridge Demolition
Bridge No. 90 is located on SR 1718 over the Gunpowder Creek in Caldwell County. It has
three spans totaling l 11 feet in length. The bridge railings, deck, and superstructure are composed of
steel. The substructure is composed of timber on concrete sills. The bridge rail, asphalt wearing
surface, superstructure, and timber components of the substructure will be removed without dropping
any material into Waters of the United States. However, there is potential for other components of
the bridge to be dropped into Waters of the U.S. during construction. The resulting temporary fill
associated with the concrete sills would be approximately 18 cubic yazds.
Avoidance, Minimization, Mitigation
The COE has adopted through the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) a wetland
mitigation policy which embraces the concept of "no net loss of wetlands" and sequencing'. The
purpose of this policy is to restore and maintain the chemical, biological and physical integrity of
Waters of the United States, specifically wetlands. Mitigation of wetland impacts has been defined
by the CEQ to include: avoiding impacts (to wetlands), minimizing impacts, rectifying impacts,
reducing impacts over time and compensating for impacts (40 CFR 1508.20). Each of these three
aspects (avoidance, minimization and compensatory mitigation) must be considered sequentially.
Avoidance mitigation examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting
impacts to Waters of the United States. According to a 1990 Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
between the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and• the COE, in determining "appropriate and
practicable" measures to offset unavoidable impacts, such measures should be appropriate to the
scope and degree of those impacts and practicable in terms of cost, existing technology and logistics
in light of overall project purposes.
Minimization includes the examination of appropriate and practicable steps to reduce the
adverse impacts to Waters of the United States. Implementation of these steps will be required
through project modifications and permit conditions. Minimization typically focuses on decreasing
the footprint of the proposed project through the reduction to median widths, right-of-way widths, fill
slopes and/or road shoulder widths.
Compensatory mitigation in not normally considered until anticipated impacts to Waters of
the United States have been avoided and minimized to the maximum extent possible. It is recognized
that "no net loss of wetlands" functions and values may not be achieved in each and every permit
action. Appropriate and practicable compensatory mitigation is required for unavoidable adverse
impacts that remain after all appropriate and practicable minimization has been required.
Compensatory actions often include restoration, creation and enhancement of Waters of the United
States, specifically wetlands. Such actions should be undertaken in azeas adjacent to or contiguous to
the dischazge site.
9

Compensatory mitigation is required for those projects authorized under Nationwide Permits
that result in the fill or alteration of:
More than 1.0 ac of wetlands will reQ<; .-~ compensatory mitigation;
And/or more than 150.0 linear ft of strums will require compensatory mitigation.
The impacts from this project do not meet the minimum mitigation thresholds. Therefore, no
mitigation requirement is anticipated. However, final permit/mitigation decisions rest with the COE.
Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of fauna and flora have been in, or are in, the process of decline either due
to natural forces or their inability to coexist with human development. Federal law (under the
provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended) requires that any action, likely to
adversely affect a species classified as federally-protected, be subject to review by the United States
Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Other species may receive additional protection under separate
state laws.
Federally-Protected Species
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Proposed
Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under the provisions of Section 7 and
Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of February 5, 2003, the latest
revision of the USFWS list has three federally protected species for Caldwell County. Brief
descriptions of the chazacteristics and habitat requirements for these species aze included.
Summary: Surveys were carried out for all the species listed as Federally-Protected. One
species, the dwarf-flowered heartleaf, was found to exist within the area of potential effect.
Consequently, the Section 7 process was carried through. A Biological Assessment was prepared by
NCDOT biologists and forwazded to the US Fish & Wildlife Service. The Service rendered their
official Biological Opinion (see appendix) and specified measures to be taken in order for the project
to go ahead. These requirements in the US FWS Biological Opinion will be adhered to by NCDOT, as
referenced in the Green Sheet (Project Environmental Commitments) attached to this Document.
Table 2. Federally Protected Species for Caldwell County.
Spruce-fir moss spider Microhezura montivaga Endangered
Heller's blazing star Liatris helleri Threatened
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf Hexastylis nan~ora Threatened
Note:
• "Endangered" denotes a species in danger of extinction throughout ail or a significant portion of
its range.
• "Threatened" denotes a species likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future throughout
all or a significant portion of its range.
10

Descriptions of Federally Protected Species found in Caldwell County, NC
~crohexura montivaga (spruce-fir moss spider) Endangered
Animal Family: Dipluridae
Federally Listed: January 27, 1994
The spruce-fir moss spider occurs in well-drained moss and liverwort mats growing on rocks
or boulders. These mats are found in well-shaded areas in mature, high elevation (? 5000 ft) Fraser
fir and red spruce forests. The spruce-fir moss spider is very sensitive to desiccation and requires
situations of high and constant humidity. The need for humidity relates to the moss mats which
cannot become too parched or else the mats become dry and loose. The moss mats cannot be too wet
either because large drops of water can also pose a threat to the spider. The spider constructs its
tube-shaped webs in the interface between the moss mat and the rock surface. Some webs have been
found to extend into the interior of the moss mat. No prey has been found in the webs, but the
probable prey for the spruce-fir moss spider is the abundant springtails found in the moss mats.'
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
NCDOT environmental biologists Logan Williams, Shannon Simpson, Teryn Smith, and
Wendee Britt surveyed this site on June 24, 1999. There was no suitable habitat and the NCNHP
database has no records indicating that this species exists in the project area. Therefore, there will be
no impacts to this species during construction of the project.
Liatris helleri (Heller's blazing star) Threatened
Plant Family: Asterac~ae
Federally Listed: November 19, 1987
Flowers Present: late June -August
Heller's blazing star is a short, stocky plant that has one or more erect stems that arise from a
tuft of narrow, pale green basal leaves. Leaves are accuminate and diminish in size and breadth
upward on the stem. Heller's blazing star has small lavender flowers and its fruits appear from
September to November.
Heller's blazing star is endemic to high elevation ledges of rock outcrops of the northern Blue
Ridge Mountains in North Carolina. Known populations of this plant occw at elevations of
3500-6000 ft. Heller's blazing star is an early pioneer species growing on grassy rock outcrops where
it is exposed to full sunlight. Heller's blazing star prefers shallow acid soils associated with granite
rocks.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: ~ NO EFFECT
NCDOT environmental biologists Logan Williams, Shannon Simpson, Teryn Smith, and
Wendee Britt surveyed this site on June 24, 1999. No suitable habitat for Heller's blazing star was
identified. The site does not meet habitat nor elevation requirements for Heller's blazing star. Also,
11

there are no records of occurrence in the NCNHP database. Therefore, no effects to this species will
result from construction of the proposed project.
Hexasrylis ramiflora (dwarf-flowered heartleaf) Threatened
Plant Family: Aristolochiaceae
Federally Listed: Apri114, 1989
Flowers Present: mid March -mid May
The dwarf-flowered heartleaf is found only in eight northern piedmont counties in North
Carolina and the adjacent portions of South Carolina.
This plant has heart-shaped leaves, supported by long thin petioles that grow from a
subsurface rhizome. It rarely exceeds 6 inches in height. The leaves are dark green in color,
evergreen, and leathery. Flowers are small, inconspicuous, jugshaped, and dark brown in color. They
are found near the base of the petioles. Fruits mature from mid-May to early July.
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf populations are found along bluffs and their adjacent slopes, in
boggy areas next to streams and creekheads, and along the slopes of nearby hillsides and ravines. It
grows in acidic soils in regions with a cool moist climate. Regional vegetation is described as upper
piedmont oak-pine forest and as part of the southeastern mixed forest.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: May Affect
SEE APPENDIX for Section 7 Resolution ofdwarf-flowered heartleaf.
Federal Species of Concern and State Listed Species
There are sixteen federal species of concern listed by the USFWS for Caldwell County (Table
3). Federal species of concern (FSC) are not afforded federal protection under the Endangered
Species Act and are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7, until they. are formally
proposed or listed as Threatened or Endangered. However, the status of these species is subject to
change, and so should be included for consideration. Federal Species of Concern are defined as
species that are under consideration for listing for which there is insufficient information to support
listing. In addition, organisms which are listed as Endangered (E), Threatened (T), or Special
Concern (SC) by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) list of Rare Plant and
Animal Species are afforded state protection under the NC State Endangered Species Act and the NC
Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979.
Table 3 lists the FSC, the state status of these species (if afforded state protection), and the
potential for suitable habitat in the project area for each species. A review of the NCNHP database
of rare species and unique habitats shows no occurrence of FSC species within 1.0 mi of the
project study area. This species list is provided for information purposes as the protection status of
these species may be upgraded in the future.
12

Aegolius acadicus

Sphyrapicus varies appalaciensis
Macromia margarita
Ophiogomphus edmundo
Speyeria Jana
Abies fraseri
Cardamine clematitis
Geum geniculatum
Juglarrs cinerea
Lilium grayi
Appalachian saw-whet owl
No

No
Southern Appalachian yellow- SR/PSC No
bellied sapsucker
Mazgarita River skimmer SR Yes
Edmund's snaketail dragonfly SR Yes
Diana fritillary butterfly SR No
Fraser fir C No
Mountain bittercress C Yes
Bent avens T Yes
Butternut WS No
Gray's lily T-SC No
Monotropsis odorata Sweet pinesap C No
Verbena riparia Ripazian vervain C Yes
Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii A liverwort C No
NOTE: NC Status
SR -Significantly Raze species not listed as "E", "T", or "SC" but which exists in the state in small
numbers and has been determined to need monitoring.
C -Candidate) any species which are very rare in North Cazolina, generally with 1-20 populations in
the state, generally substantially reduced in numbers by habitat destruction.
PT (PSC) -Proposed Threatened (Special Concern) are species that have been formally proposed for
listing as Threatened (Special Concern), but have not yet completed the legally mandated listing
process.
T - A Threatened species is one which is likely to become endangered species within the foreseeable
future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
WS - A Watch Category 5 species is a species with increasing amounts of threats to its habitat;
populations may or may not be known to be declining.
SC - A Special Concern species is one which requires monitoring but may be taken or collected and
sold under regulations adopted under the provisions of Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General
Statutes (animals) and the Plant Protection and Conservation Act (plants). Only propagated
material may be sold of Special Concern plants that aze also listed as Threatened or Endangered.
D. Air Quality and Traffic Noise
This project is an air quality "neutral" project, thus it is not required to be included in the
regional emissions analysis (if applicable) and a project level CO analysis is not required.
If the project disposes of vegetation by burning, all burning shall be done in accordance with
applicable local laws and regulations of the North Cazolina SIP for air quality in compliance with 15
NCAC 2D.0520.
13
Neotoma magister Alleghany woodrat SC
Loxia curvirostra Southern Appalachian red crossbiq SR/PSC No
Poecile atricapillus practices Southern Appalachian black-capped SC No
chickadee

The project will not substantially increase traffic volumes. Therefore, it will have no
substantial impact on noise levels. Temporary noise increases may occur during construction.
E. Farmland
The Farmland Protection Policy Act of 1981 requires that all federal agencies or their
representatives, to consider the impact of land acquisition and construction projects on prime and
important farmland soils. These soils are determined by the US Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) based on criteria such as potential crop yield and possible level of input of economic
resources. The project will result in the conversion of a small amount of land but the area to be
converted is void of agricultural uses. Therefore, no further consideration of impacts to farmland is
required.
14

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James B. Hunt Jr., Gweraor Division of Archives and History
Beccy Ray McCain, Secretary kffrey J. Crow, Director
February 24, 1999
MEMORANDUM
TO: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch ~ ~a,
Division of Highways
Department of Transportation
FROM: David Brook ~ W ~,~ ~'~~ ~- ,,,f
Deputy State Hi on Preservation Officer ~ ~ ~"'
`•'~
SUBJECT: Bridge No. 90 on SR 1718 over Gunpowder G~;,:c; . ~ '• ~~:: ~,c ~ ,
Creek, B-3126, Caldwell County, ER 99-8178 ``~~'=~ t:•:~L;,P~~'~~~
Thank you for your letter of January 29, 1999, concerning the above project.
We have reviewed our files and are aware of no historic structures in the project area. We,
therefore, do not recommend an architectural survey be conducted for this project. We look
forward to checking the aerial maps and photographs.
There are no known archaeological sites within the proposed project area. Based on our
present knowledge of the area, it is unlikely that any archaeological resources which may be
eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places will be affected by the
project.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with
Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the
above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at
919/733-4763.
DBalw
cc: N. Graf
B. Church
T. Padgett
_ 10~ East Jones Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807

® North Carolina ~Xlild~i{e Resources Con~rnission®
X12 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: Dennis Pipkin, Project Planning Engineer
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch, NCDOT
FROM: David Cox, Highway Project Cooror
Habitat Conservation Program ~
DATE: March 19,1999
SUBJECT: NCDOT Bridge Replacements in Caldwell, Davidson, Randolph, and
Wake counties. TIP Nos. B-3125, B-3126, B-3314, B-3448, B-3503 and
B-3527.
Biologists with the N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) have
reviewed the information provided and have the following preliminary comments on the
subject project. Our comments are provided in accordance vvtth provisions of the
National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife
Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d).
On bridge replacement projects of this scope our standard recommendations are rs
follows:
1. We generally prefer spanning structures. Spanning structures usually do not
require work within the stream and do not require stream channel realignment.
The horizontal and vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for human
and wildlife passage beneath the structure, does not block fish passage, and
does not block navigation by canoeists and boaters.
2. Bridge deck drains should not discharge directly into the stream.
3. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the
stream.
4. If possible, bridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.

• Bridge Replacement Memo 2 Mazch 19, 1999
5. If temporary access roads or detours are constructed, they should be removed
back to original ground elevations immediately upon the completion of the
project. Disturbed areas should be seeded or mulched to stabilize the soil and
native tree species should be planted with a spacing of not more than 10'x10'.
" If possible, when using temporary structures the area should be cleared but not
grubbed. Clearing the area with chain saws, mowers, bush-hogs, or other
mechanized equipment and leaving the stumps and root mat intact, allows the
" area to revegetate naturally and minimizes.. disturbed soil.
6. A clear bank (riprap free) area of at least 10 feet should remain on each side of
the steam underneath the bridge.
7. In trout waters, the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission reviews all U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers nationwide and general `404' pernuts. We have the
option of requesting additional measures to protect trout and trout habitat and
we can recommend that the project require an individual `404' permit.
8. 'In streams that contain threatened or endangered species, NCDOT biologist
Mr. Tim Savidge should be notified. Special measures to protect these
sensitive species may be required. NCDOT should also contact the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service for information on requirements of the Endangered
Species Act as it relates to the project.
9. In streams that aze used by anadromous fish, the NCDOT official policy
entitled "Stream Crossing Guidelines for Anadromous Fish Passage (May 12,
1997)" should be followed.
10. In areas with significant fisheries for sunfish, seasonal exclusions may also be
recommended.
If corrugated metal pipe arches or concrete box culverts are used:
1. The culvert must be designed to allow for fish passage. Generally, this means
that the culvert or pipe invert is buried at least 1 foot below the natural stream
bed. If multiple cells aze required the second and/or third cells should be
placed so that their bottoms are at stream bankful stage (similar to Lyonsfield
design). This will allow sufficient water depth in the culvert or pipe during
normal flows to accommodate fish movements. If culverts aze long, baffie
systems are required to trap gravel and provide resting areas for fish and other
aquatic organisms.
2. If multiple pipes or cells are used, at least one pipe or box should be designed
to remain dry during normal flows to allow for wildlife passage.
3. Culverts or pipes shouldbe situated so that no channel realignment or
widening is required. Widening of the stream channel at the inlet or outlet of
structures usually causes a decrease in water velocity causing sediment
deposition that will require future maintenance.
4. Riprap should not be placed on the stream bed.
In most cases, we prefer the replacement of the existing structure at the same
location with road closure. If road closure is not feasible, a temporary detour should be
designed and located to avoid wetland impacts, minimize the need for clearing and to

_~
Bridge Replacement Memo 3 March 19, 1999
avoid destabilizing stream banks. If the structure will be on a new alignment, the old
structure should be removed and the approach fills removed from the 100-year
floodplain. Approach fills should be removed down to the natural ground elevation. The
area should be stabilized with grass and planted with native tree species. If the area that
is reclaimed was previously wetlands, NCDOT should restore the area to wetlands. If
successful, the site may be used as wetland mitigation for the subject project or other
projects in the watershed.
Project specific comments:
1. B-3125 -Caldwell -Bridge No. 34 over Blue Creek. Our field biologists took a
backpack electrofishing unit to sample this site. No trout found. The stream was
heavily silted and no cntical habitat was found near the bridge. Standard comments
apply ..
2. B-3126 -Caldwell County -Bridge No. 90 over the Gunpowder Creek. Our field
biologists took a backpack electrofishing unit to sample this site. No trout found.
This stream has a sand substrate with little other habitat. We recommend avoiding a
nice riffle area approximately 15 meters downstream of the bridge. Species found at
the site were creek chubs and shiners: and to our surprise a smallmouth and two
lazgemouth bass from a single piece of woody debris. Standazd comments apply.
3. B-3314 -Caldwell County - Bridge No.163 over the Buffalo Creek. Our field
biologists took a backpack electrofishing unit to sample this site. No trout found.
This stream is wide and shallow with almost exclusive rifle-run habitat. There was
no critical habitat in either direction of the bridge. We found hogsuckers, darters,
black nose dace, central stonerollers, and creek chubs. Standazd comments apply.
4. B-3448 -Davidson County -Bridge No. 166 over Kendall Creek. No specific
comments.
5. B-3503 -Randolph County -Bridge No. 382 over Little River. The Little River is a
very high quality stream vv~th a cobble and lazge gravel substrate. The bridge has nice
riffles both upstream and downstream, which provide excellent sunfish habitat. We
request specifically that a spanning structure replace the existing bridge. We request
that no in-water work occur from April l to June 30. There are freshwater mussels at
this site listed as federal species of concern as well as several state-listed species.
Due to the diversity of mussels and the quality of the habitat at this location, we
request a field meeting to discuss conservation measures that should be employed to
protect these resources.
6. B-3527 -Wake County - Bridge No. 437 over Lower Barton's Creek. No specific
comments.
We request that NCDOT routinely minimi~~e adverse impacts to fish and wildlife
resources in the vicinity of bridge replacements. The NCDOT should install and
maintain sedimentation control measures throughout the life of the project and prevent
wet concrete from contacting water in or entering into these streams. Replacement of
bridges with spanning structures of some type, as opposed to pipe or box culverts, is
recommended inmost cases. SpanniLzg structures allow wildlife passage along
streambanks, reducing habitat fragmentation and vehicle related mortality at highway
crossings.

Charles R Fullwood, Executive Director
May 23, 2000
Mr. Dennis Pipkin
Project Develcpment Engineer
Bridge Replacement Unit
PO Box 25201
Raleigh, North Cazolina
RE: Proposed NCDOT Project, TIP No. B-3126, Gunpowder Creek, Caldwell County
Dear Mr. Pipkin:
This correspondence is in response to your letter of 1VIay 22, 2000 regarding the replacement of
Bridge No. 90 over Gunpowder Creek on SR1718. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
(NCWRC) is authorized to comment and make recommendations which relate to the impacts of this
project on fish and wildlife through the Federal License of Water Resource Project Act (Federal Power
Act-16 U.S.C. 791a et seq.), and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16
U.S.C. 661-667d).
Based on our review and the previous comments provided by David Cox, we have no objection to
the project providing that conditions specified by Mr. Cox earlier aze followed. Additionally, the
following conditions should also be met:
1. If concrete will be used, work must be accomplished so that wet concrete does not
contact stream water. This will lessen the chance of altering the stream's water chemistry
and causing a fish kill.
2. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank rather than in the stream channel in
order to minimize sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutants
into the stream.
3. Temporary or permanent herbaceous vegetation should be planted on all bare soil
within 15 days of ground disturbing activities to provide long-term erosion
control.
4. Stringent erosion control measures should be installed where soil is disturbed and
maintained until project completion
5. The dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream and floodplain (above and below) the
• bridge should not be modified by stream widening or by reducing the depth of the stream.
Mailing Address: Division of Inland Fisheries ° 1721 Niail Service Center ° Raleigh, NC 27699-1721
T lephore: [phone] e::t. 281 ° Fa°: [phone]

~B-3126, SR1718, Caldwell County Page 2 05/23/00
6. The NC Natural Heritage Program should concur that no endangered or threatened
species are likely to be impacted by demolition and construction activities.
All activities must follow 404 Permit and 401 Certification requirements in addition to any other
special conditions specified by the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources. If you have
any questions regarding these comments, please contact me at 336/769-9453.
Sincerely
~~
Ron Linville
Regional Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program
cc: Steve Lund, USACOE

Feb 1 1 04 05::saa r nwn , .,.. ,~ ~ .
Unted Mutes Department of the Interco
FISH AND WILDL rF~E SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
September 23, 2003
Mr. John F. Sullivan, III
Division Adtninistrator
Federal Highway Adrsinistration
310 New Bern Avenue, Suite 410
Raleigh, North Catalina 27601
FWWA • hJC. DiJISiOh
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ENC.000RD P & M ENG
f.4: f T2ASW
Subject: Replacement of Bridge No. 90 on SR 1718 over Gunpowder Creek ilz Caldwell County,
North Carolina, Federal Aid 1~TO. BRZ-1718 (3}, TIP No. B ~ 126
This document transmits the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (Service) biological opinion
(Opinion) based on our review of the replacement of Bridge No. 90 on SIc 1718 over Gunpowder
Creek located in Caldwell County, North Carolina, and its effects on the federally threatened
dwarf-flowered heartleaf (Flexast,~lis naniflara) in accordance wi+.h section 7 cf the Ertdangere3
Species Act of 19?3, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act). We received yol_r 1vlay 30, 2003,
request for formal consultation on June 3, 2003.
This Gpinion is based on information provided iII the May 2003 biological 4ssess7ient, field
investigations, end other sources of information. A complete adminis+sative record of this
consultation is on tie ir, our ofrice.
CONSULTAT(3N HTSTGRI'
In May 2001 vve were notified by telephone that the dwarf-flowered heartleaf had been found in
the construction footprint of the subject proposed bridge replacement project. On June 13, 2001,
a member of our staff met in the field with the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT), where a.Ilternatives for minimizing impacts'to Hexast~lis narif_lora were explored. On
October 18, 2001, we met with the NCDOT in Raleigh to discuss furtl'.er efforts to minL~3ize
impacts by exploring va<y-;rig design a^d construction techniques.

Feb 1 1 G4 09: ~~Ja r I-twtl n~. L i r - - - - -

BIO~,~~~C~.I, ®PIl'~~N
DESCRIPTION OF ~'HE PROPOSED ACTION
The NCDOT proposes to replace the existing 111-foot-fang two-lane Bridge No. 90 (completed
in 1965) over Gunpowder Creek in Caldwell County, North Ca*olina. Current horizontal
alignment of the roadway at the south end of the existing bridge is considered poor, and the
vertical alignment is very poor in both directions. The replacement tyro-lane bridge will be
approximately I60 feet long, on an improved alignment.
The. proposed project will intersect a population of the dwarf-flowered heartleaf consisting of
approximately 130 plants; approximately 60 plants wiL be directly impacted by the project. The
population occurs along Gunpowder Creek, on both banks, on the west side of SR 1713.
Subpopulation A, located southwest of the bridge, has approximately 80 plants, and
Subpopulation 13, located directly adjacent to SR 1718 and r_or~.hwest ofthe bridge, has
approximately ~0 plants. No secondary impacts are expected because the replacement bridge
will not increase accessibility to adjacent parcels.
The NCDOT evaluated three alternatives to avoid or mi ;m;~e impacts to the dwarf-flowered
heartleaf, including: (1) doing nothing, (2) Alternate One, replacing the bridge at the existing
location, (3) Alternate Two, minimizing fill slopes and cuts along a new alignment west of the
existing roadway. impacts to the dwarf-flowered heartleaf were considered, along with safety
concerns, conuriunity impacts, an_d engineering and construction costs. Alternate Two is the
recommended zlternative.
In the N1ay 200:1 biological, assessment, the NCDOT proposed to offset project-related i*npacts
by avoiding impacts to 20 plan*.s within the existing right-of-way and purcl-~asing additional
right-of--way to include the remainder of Subpopulation A for protection in perpetuity. This
conservation area is the least disturbed habitat for the dwarf-flowered heartleaf on Gunpowder
Creek and contains approximately 50 of the most vigorous plants. The i~TCDOT also plans to
regrade and revegetate the existing bridge area after the structure is removed, which co~.ud
provide future habitat for H. naniflora.
STATUS OF Tl~ SI'EC~r.ES A~'1? lt'I'S CRI'FICAE RABITAT
Species DescriptFeF and life Rist~ssry .-
Hexastylis raniito.a is claw-growing herbaceous plant in the birthwort ia*nily
(Aristolochiaceae}. Blomquist (1957) described the species in his revision of the genus
Hexastylis. The plant's heart-shaped dark green leaves a°e evergreen and leathery and are
supported by lor_g thin petioles from a subs~.~rface rhizome. Maximu*n height rarely exceeds
2

Feb 11 u-r ua: -rti,~ ....... ...., -- -
15 centimeters (6 inches). The jug-shaped flowers are usually beige to dark brown in color and
appear from mid-March to early June. The flowers aze small and inconspicious and are found
near the base of the petioles. The fruit matures from mid-May to eazly July (Blomquist 1957;
Gaddy 1980, 1981). Hexastylis naniflora grows in acidic soils, usually along north-facing bluffs
and adjacent slopes and in floodplains next to streams and creek heads in the upper Piedmont
Region of North Carolina and South Carolina. It is most often four_d on Madison and Pacolet
soils and is frequently associated with Kalmia (laurel). Its small flower distinguishes this species
from other members ofthe genus rlexastylis.
Thrips (sucking insects) and flies aze the major pollinators of most plant species in the genus
Hexastylis. As yet, the pollination method for dwarf-flowered heartleaf is unproven, but
biologists speculate that it may use the same method as its related species. With most Hexastylis
species, the vectors--flies and thrips--spend most of their lives in the plant's flower tissues and ~ -- - -
feed on pollen grains or on portions of the plant's outer skin. Once the flowers have been
fertilized, their seeds aze distributed by ants. These ants eat the coating of the seeds and Ieave the
seeds near the plant site or by the ant nest. Seed germination takes place in the spring after the
seeds have been exposed to cool temperatures. Germination in the dwarf-flowered heartleaf
generaLy occurs in clusters. Some flowering Hexas:~lis plants, probably ilZCluding the heartleaf,
do not reach flowering age for' to 10 yeazs. The plant's flowering period is mid-March to early
June; fruit production begins iln mid- to late May, and buds come in late July and develop by
October. In the buds are next spring's flowers, and ne~.rt year's leaf will not grow until the plant
flowers again.
Status and lvistributsea
The dwarf-floweredr!ea-tie; .fwas listed as a threatened species on April 14, 1989 (54 rR 14964),
under the authority of the Act. No critical habitat has been designated. Threats to the species at
the time of listing included residential and industral development, conversion of its habitat to
pasture or srnall ponds, *.i.~ber harvesting, and cattle grazing. When the Service Lsted Hexastylis
nariflora, 24 populations were lmo~~vn in ar. eight-county area of the upper Piedmont Region of
North Cazolina and adjacent South Carolina. Since listing, the number of known extant
dwarf-flowered heartleaf sites has increased from 24 to approxi*na±ely I24, and the estimated
number of known individuals has increased from about 5,900 to more than 198,000 (North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program, in litt.; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources,
in lift.; G. Newberry, University of South Carolina at Spartanburg, in litt.; North Cazolina
Deparonent of T ranspcrtation, in iitt.). The known species' range has also been expanded to
include Polk and Caldwell Counties, North Carolina. The docu-nented Hexas~ylis naniflora
distribution is comprised of 17 sites (14 percent} with more than 1,000 individual plan*.s ea.ch,
8 sites (7 percent} with more Paz 540 p1~.nts, and 42 sites (34 percent} with more than
100 plants. Twenty-four sites (19 percent} nave greater than 50 but fewer than- I00 plants,
and 19 sites (IS percent} nave fe~~er than 50 plants. Fourteen sites (11 percent) have no size
estimates.
J

~' C u a s ~---- -
ABalysis of the Species Ltkeiy to be Af=ected
The project area, including the expanded right-of--way conservation area, contains about
130 dwarf-flowered heartleaf plants. There are 60 dwarf-flowered heartleaf plants within the
proposed footprint of the project that will be adversely impacted by bridge construction and
approach realignment. The remaining 70 plants are located ou*~side the azea needed for
construction and will not be impacted by this project. The project azea contains about
0.06 percent of the known individuals of Hexastylis naniflora; approximately 0.03 percent of the
total known individuals of Hexastylis nan flora will be adversely impacted by the subject bridge
replacement.
ErTVIItO1V10~E1`1TAL BASELINE
Under section 7(a)(2} of the Act, when considering the effects of an action on federally listed
species, we are required to take into consideration the environmental baseline. The
environmental baseline includes past and ongoing natural factors and past and present impacts
from all federal, state, or private actions and other activities in the action area (50 CFR 402.02),
inclding federal actions in the azea that have already undergone section 7 consultation and tree
impacts from state or private actions that are contemporaneous v~rith the consultation in progress.
Status of the Species Withia the Action Area
The project area contains approximately 0.06 percent of the known individuals of He}:astylis
nan flora. Cons~uction will impact 46 percent of the total number of plants in the project area;
the remainder of the plan`s will be preserved in perpetuity. There are no other federal actions
ongoing or proposed for t:'~e action area at the present time.
Factors Af_ecting the Species' Environnsent Within the Action Area
The habitat in the project area has been impacted by clearing at a pasture edge ahd by cattle
grazing. Along its easiern edge, Subpcpulation A has been impacted by cutting the large trees at
the top of the slope and pushing them down the slope, effectively covering the slope in dense
brush. Few individuals (10<} of zl..naniflora. occur is this area. Ln addition, the majority of
these plants were not flowering, most rely due to the dense brash cover. Subpop:latior, B is
somewhat affecte by cattle griming.
EFFECTS CF TI:~E ACTf~1W
t?nder section ~(al(2} of the Act, "effects bf tl'~e action" refers to Lie direct and indirect eiTects of
an action on the species or its critical habitat, together with the effects of other activities that are
interrelated or interdependent Frith t'zat action. Under section 7 of the Act, t'~e federal agency is
1

ren L s .., -T ..... . _~ .. .. ..
responsible for analyzing these effects. The effects of the proposed action are added to the
environmental baseline to determine the future baseline, which serves as the basis for the
determination in this Opinion. Should these effects of the federal action result in a situation that
would jeopazdize the continued existence of the species, we may propose reascnable and prudent
alternatives that the federal agency can take to avoid violation of section 7(a)(2) of the Act. The
discussion that follows is our evaluation of the anticipated direct and indirect effects of
implementing the proposed bridge replacement. Indirect effects aze those caused by the proposed
action that will occur later but that aze still reasonably certain to occur (50 CFR 402.02). We
have determined that there are no interrelated or interdependent actions apart from the action
under consideration.
Factors to be Considered
The proposed bridge replacement will provide a safer bridge crossing and roadway for the local
traveling public. The life span of the new bridge is approximately 50 years. Although there are
direct impacts to approximately 60 individuals of the dwarf-flowered hea*tleaf, the remain$er of
the plants on the site will be protected from future disturbance. The total number of known
plants (mare than 198,000) is not considered a limiting factor towazd recovery of the species;
Lather, it is the pretectior. of populations that is limiting the species' recovery. Tl:e NCDOT has
recently purchased approximately 1,000 acres *.hat contain more than 13,000 dwarf dowered
hea-tleaf plants to help meet recovery goals for this species.
Analyses of the Effects of the Action
Direct Effects: An estimated 46 percent (60 plants) of this dwarf-flowered hear'.Ieaf population
will be Iost to the proposed project, with a corresponding Ioss of habitat (approxi<-nately 1 acre).
However, viability of the local dwarf-flowered heartleaf population in the action area can be
maintained. Actions tha± `will be taken to reduce impacts to *.he dwarf-flowered hear`deaf include
limiting the disturbance area and protecting additional habitat for the species. Specific actions to
be carried out include:
1. Fill slopes and cuts along the new alignment would be kept to a minimum.
Cut and fill slopes would be set at 2:1, the maximum allowed by soil s*.andards
in the area.
2. Storm-water discharge v.-ill be directed to the east side of the road to avoid
discharge into Subpopulation P..
3. Constr~actioz limits in u'~e yea where t-~e dwarf-f:owered hear`ueaf is fLZ.n:d
would be limited to 5 feet outside the slope stakes.
J

Feb ,11 U4 ua:-rca ~ ~~•••~, .~~•• ••- -
4. Areas containing dwarf-flowered heartleaf plant, but not impacted by the
project, will be clearly marked prior to any ground-disturbing aetiviry on the
site to assure cons~:ction does not affect those plants.
5. A Service biologist will attend the preconstruction meeting to discuss (a) the
importance of avoiding the plants and (b) other environmental commitments
on the project.
6. The azea of tj7e existing bridge will be regraded and revegetated to mimic
adjacent condirions and provide future potential habitat for K na;~iflora at that
site.
7. The NCDOT will protect approximately 70 dwarf-flowered hea~-tleaf plants ••
within their right-of--way.
Indirect Effects: Because the proposed new alignment will not make adjacen*. pazcels more
accessible and because the NCDOT proposes to purchase the remainder of the intact
dwarf-flowered heartleaf population, no indirect effects aze expected to occur to the subject
dwarf-flowered heartleaf population. Further, because only 60 of the estimated 198,000 known
plants will be lost, no indirect negative effects should occur that would limit the species'
recovery potential.
Species' Response to zhe Proposed Action
It is expected teat this badge replacement, with the protective measures described above, can be
carried out with the loss of only 46 percent (60 plants) of one populaflon of the dwa-f-flowered
heardeaf and not result in the loss of the entire population. The loss of 60 plants represents only
three one-hundredths of one percent of the number of known plants, and the loss will not have
negative effects on the recovery of the species. Although a great many of the plants and
populations rave been discovered since the species was listed, relatively few aze afforded any
protection. The purchase of the remainder of the population (an estimated 70 plants), coupled
with other NCDOT conserva`son efforts for this species, will significantly contribute to tape
recovery of the species.
CLTI~LT1/A~'IVE Elr'FECTS
Cumulative effects include the e*~ects of future state, tribal, local, or private act'~ons that are
reasonably certain to occur in the action a*ea considered i_n this Opinion. Fut•,~~e federal actions
that are unrelated to the proposed action are not considered in this section because they re~~.jire a
separate cons~~l*.ation pursuant to section 7 of the Act.
Because the NCDOT has agreed to purchase additional right-o` :vay that co~;.airs ~ e remainder
of the dwarf-flowered heaa ~Ieaf population and has agreed to protect the population in perpet'a.ty,
6

Feb ~1 1 U't U~: -rca r nwn ~,~. .+- -
there ae no state, tribal, local, cr private actions reasonably certain to occur here within the
future that would affect the dwar€ flowered heartleaf
CONCLUSION
After reviewing the current status of Hexastytis ncrn~ora, the environmental baseline for the
action azea, the effects of the proposed bridge replacement, the cumulative effects, and the
proposed conservation measures, it is our biological opinion that the project as proposed is not
likely to jeopardize the continued existence of Hexastylis naniflora. No crifical habitat has been
designated for this species; therefore, none will be affected.
nvC~ElwrAL ~~ sTa~1v~NT
Section 9 of the Act and federal regulations pursuant to section 4{d) of the Act prohibit the taking
of endangered and threatened species, respectively, without special exemption. Take is defined
as to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or att°mpt to engage
in any such conduct. Harm is further defined to include significant habitat modification or
degradation that results in death or injury to listed species by significantly impairing essential
behavioral patterns, such as breeding, feeding, or sheltering. Harass is defined as intentional or
negligent actions that create the likelihood of injury to listed species to such an extent as to
significantly disrupt normal behavior patterns, which include, but are not limited to, breeding,
feeding, or sheltering. Incidental take is defined as take that is incidental to, and not for the
purpose ef, the ca.-tying out of ar_ otherwise lawful activity. Under the terms of section 7(b)(4)
and section 7(0)(2), taking that is incidental to and not intended as part of the agency action is not
considered to be pror~ibited under the Act, provided that such taking is ir_ compliance with the
terms and condi*aons of this incidental take statement.
Sections 7(b)(4} and 7(0)(2) of t're Act generally do not apply to listed plant species. However,
section 9(a)(2)(~) provides limited protection of listed plants from take to the extent that the Act
prohibits the removal and reduction to possession of federally listed endangered plants or the
malicious damage to such plants en areas under federal jurisdiction or the destruction of
endangered plan*.s on nonfederal areas in violation of state law or regulation or in tine course of
any violation of a state criminal trespass law. Therefore, for this Opinion, incidental take does
not apply, and an incidental take statement is not necessary.
CONSEI<VA'L`IOI*I I~COIV~i~N~A'I'IONS
Section 7(a)(1} of the Act directs federal agencies to utiliie +heir authorities to fu*ther the
purposes of the Act by carrying out conservation programs for the benef t of endangered and
threatened species. Conservatian recommendations are discre*aoaary agency activities to
7

~~_Feb ,1l 04 09:43a rrtWrt nL Liv """ '
•.
minimize or avoid the adverse effects of a proposed action on listed species or critical habitat, to
help implement recovery plans, or to develop information. We request that the following
conservation recommendations be nnplemented by the NCDOT as part of the project plan:
1. Notify the North Carolina Plant Conservation Probaram (NCPCP) that 60 plants
will be lost to the proposed construction. Allow a qualified botanist from the
NCPCP to transplant, if desired, any of the plants that would be lost to a
different area (outside the acquisition area) for protection.
2. Monitor the dwarf-flowered heartleaf population inside the acquisition area
annually for 5 years to determine its stability and detect any construction
effects (positive or negative) that could occur which have nct been anticipated
(increased light, hydrology changes, etc.).
In order for us to be kept informed about actions that minimize or avoid adverse effects or that
benefit listed species or their habitats, we request notification of the implementation of sny
conservation recommendations.
gEINITIATION/CLOSING STATEMENT
This concludes formal consultation on the action outlined in your May 30, ?003, request for
formal consultation. As provided in 50 CFR 402.16, reinitiation of formal consultation is
required where discretionary federal agency involvement or control over an action has been
retained (or is au*liorized by law) and if: (1}the amount or exte t of inciden*.a1 tape is exceeded,
(2} new information reveals effects of the agency action t'~at may affect Lsted species or critical
habi+,at in a manner or to an extent not considered in this Opinion, (3}the agency a.^tion is
subsequently modified in a manner that causes an effect to the listed species or critical habitat
that was not considered in this Opinion, or (4) a new species is listed or critical habitat is
designated that may be affected by the action.
If you or your staff have any questions ~onceming this Opinion, please cont2ct Ms. Ularella
Buncick of our staff at 82S/258-3939, Ext. 237, or n-.e, Ext. 223. We have assigned our Log
No. 4-2-03'-415 to this project; please refer to it in any future correspondence concerning this
project.
Sincerely,
/: ~~~
,~
Brian P. Cole
State g;~pervisor
8

- _ - r-
* i - _

CC.
Mr. John Thomas, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Raleigh Regulatory Field Office, 6508 FaIIs of
the Neuse Road, Suite 120, Raleigh, NC 27615
Ms. Marla J. Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, 12275 Swift Road, Oakboro, NC 28129
Regional Director, FVdS, Atlanta, GA (ES/TE, Attention: Mr. Joe Johnston)
...
References
Blomquist, H. L. 1957. A revision of the Hexastylis of North America. Brittonia 8:255-281.
Gaddy, L. L. 1980. Status report on Hexastylis nan~ora. Prepazed for the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service. Unpublished report. 25 pp.
-----. 1981. The Status of Hexastylis naniflora Blomquist in North Carolina. Unpublished
report. 58 pp.

9

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SUMMARY OF AFFECTED PROPERTY OWNERS

TRAC ~~ N0. PROPERTY OWNER ADDRESS SITE NO.
O JOESPH C. AND MINNiE
BOWMAN. 3490 DEAL MILL RD.
HUDSON, NC 28b38 I
O GLORIA SHOOK 3433 DEAL MILL RD.
HUDSON, NC 28638 2
~3 .DONALD AND OPAL RIVERS 4538 DIAMOND ST.
HUDSON, NC 28638 2

O STACY LEE AND
REBECCA WARD 3167 KIRBY WARD LANE
HUDSON, NC 28638
2
~~ LESLIE DALE DOTSON PO BOX 628
HUDSON, NC 28638 2

. J.D. WARD 4169 LOWER CEDAR VY.
HUDSON, NC 28638 2

Permit DrawirW ~
Shaet _~ ~ _,.,......_
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PROPERTY OWNERS