20070593 Ver 1_Application_20070405

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA J~~'~y'~:,~;,y{.
DEPAR'TIVIENT OF TRANSPORTATION '~~'~~
MICHAEL F. EASLEY LYNDO TIPPETT
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
April 4, 2007
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615 _
070593
ATTENTION: Mr. John Thomas
NCDOT Coordinator
Subject: Nationwide 33 Permit Application for the for the replacement of Bridge No. 334
over Yadkin River on SR 1517, Caldwell County. Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-
1517(3), State Project No. 8.2733501, Division 11, TIP Project No. B-4054, WBS
Element 33419.1.1.
Dear Mr. Thomas:
Please find enclosed a copy of the Categorical Exclusion (CE), Pre-construction Notification
(PCN), Permit Drawings, and %2 size plans for the above referenced project. Bridge No. 334 over
the Yadkin River will be replaced with a new 120-foot long, 24-foot 10-inch wide structure to
the north of the existing structure. Traffic will use the existing structure during construction of
the new bridge. No permanent impacts will occur. Proposed temporary impacts to the Yadkin
River consist of 0.03 acre of temporary fill from the use of two work pads that will be used to
remove the old bridge and build the new bridge. After construction is completed, the temporary
work pads will be removed and the area restored to pre-construction elevations.
IMPACTS TO WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES
General Description: The project is located in the Yadkin River basin (HUC 03040101) and
will cross the Yadkin River. The Yadkin River has been assigned a best usage classification of C
Tr, by the N.C. Division of Water Quality. The Yadkin River does not support trout at this site
and the NCWRC has not requested a moratorium for trout. The Yadkin River is not designated
as a North Carolina Natural or Scenic River, or as a National Wild and Scenic River, nor is it
listed as a 303(d) stream. No designated Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW), Water Supply I
(WS-I), or Water Supply II (WS-II) waters occur within 1.0 miles of the project study area.
Temporary Impacts: Proposed temporary impacts to the Yadkin River will total 0.03 acre of
temporary fill. At no time will over half of the width of the Yadkin River be impacted by the fill.
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1598 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1598
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW.DOH.DOT.STATE.NC.US
LOCATION:
2728 CAPITOL BOULEVARD
PARKER LINCOLN BUILDING, SUITE 240
RALEIGH NC 27699

I-. .
..
' r Permanent Impacts: No permanent impacts will occur to the Yadkin River. No wetlands occur
within the project area.
Utility Impacts: No impacts will occur due to utility relocations.
Project Schedule: The project currently has a let date of December 18, 2007.
BRIDGE DEMOLITION:
Bridge No. 334 is composed of a timber deck with a 1-inch asphalt-wearing surface supported on
steel beams. The substructure consists of reinforced concrete abutments and pier. The timber
will be removed without dropping components into Waters of the United States. Best
Management Practice's for Bridge Demolition and Removal will be followed in addition to Best
Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters.
FEDERALLY-PROTECTED SPECIES
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered, Threatened, Proposed Endangered,
and Proposed Threatened are protected under provisions of Section 7 and Section 9 of the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of January 29, 2007 the US Fish and Wildlife
Service (FWS) lists five federally protected species for Caldwell County (Table 1). The Virginia
big-eared bat has been added to the list of federally protected species that occur in Caldwell
County. A habitat analysis assessment was conducted for the Virginia big-eared bat on August
23, 2006. The project does not contain the preferred habitat for the Virginia big-eared bat.
Therefore, the biological conclusion for the Virginia big-eared bat is "No Effect." The bog turtle
is listed as Threatened due to similarity of appearance and does not require a biological
conclusion. The biological conclusions of No Effect reached for the other three federally
protected species in the CE remain valid.
Table 1. Federally-Protected Species for Caldwell County
Common Name Scientific: Name Federal Habitat Biological
Status Present Conclusion
Virginia big-eared Corynorhinus E No No Effect
bat townsendii virginianus
Bog Turtle Clemmys T(S/A) No NA
muhlenbergii
Spruce-fir moss Microhexura T No No Effect
s ider montiva a
Dwarf-flowered Hexastylis naniflora T No No Effect
heartleaf
Heller's blazing Liatris helleri T No No Effect
star
E-Endangered, T-Threatened, T(S/A)- threatened due to similarity of appearance
AVOIDANCE AND MINIMIZATION:
The NCDOT is committed to incorporating all reasonable and practicable design features to
avoid and minimize jurisdictional impacts, and to provide full compensatory mitigation of all
remaining, unavoidable jurisdictional impacts. Avoidance measures were taken during the

Y
planning and NEPA compliance stages; minimization measures were incorporated as part of the
project design and include:
• Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters and Bridge Demolition and
Removal will be followed.
• No bents will be placed in the water.
MITIGATION
Proposed project impacts are temporary, therefore no mitigation is proposed.
REGULATORY APPROVALS
Section 404 Permit: This project has been processed by the Federal Highway Administration as a
"Categorical Exclusion" in accordance with 23 CFR 771.115(b). The NCDOT requests issuance
of a Nationwide Permit 33 to authorize the impacts described above.
Section 401 Permit: We anticipate 401 General Certification number 3366 will apply to this
project. All general conditions of the Water quality Certifications will be met. No written
concurrence is required. Therefore, in accordance with 15A NCAC 2H, Section .0500(a) and
15A NCAC 2B.0200 we are providing two copies of this application to the North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, for their
notification.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Brett Feulner at (919)
715-1488.
Sincerel
~,
Gregory J. orpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
w/attachment
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ 2 Copies
Ms. Marella Buncick, USFWS
Mr. Victor Barbour, Project Services Unit
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Heath Slaughter, Div. 11 Environmental Officer
Ms. Marla Chambers, NCWRC
Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. Michael A. Pettyjohn, P.E. Div. 11 Engineer
w/o attachment
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design Mr. Scott McLendon, USACE, Wilmington
Ms. Vince Rhea, P.E., PDEA Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. Majed Alghandour, P. E., Programming and TIP

Office Use Only: Form Version March OS
X0070593
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not apphcabte to this project, please enter "ivot Appiicanie" or "NiA".~
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ^ Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
^ Section 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
^ 401 Water Quality Certification ^ Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: NW
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here:
4. If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here: ^
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on .page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: GregOrv J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director _
Mailing Address: 1598 Mail Service Center
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address: Qthorpe(a,dot.state.nc.us
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number: Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
Page 1 of 8

-III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project:__ Replacement of Bridge No. 334 over the Yadkin River
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): B-4054
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN)
N/A
4. Location
County: Caldwell Nearest Town: Lenoir
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): N/A
Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc.): The site is located at the
crossing_SR 1517 over Yadkin River
Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum): 34.4432 °N 77.8339 °W
6. Property size (acres): N/A
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: Yadkin
8. River Basin: Yadkin
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Forestland
Page 2 of 8

10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Standard DOT construction equipment.
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: The purpose is to replace the old bridge that is
functionally obsolete and structurally deficient.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules. N/A
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
No
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
listed separately iri the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: The project impacts are as
follows, 0.032 acre of temp fill in the Yadkin River
Page 3 of 8

2. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
separately list impacts due to both structure and floodine.
Wetland Impact Type of Wetland Located within Distance to Area of
Site Number Type of Impact (e.g., forested, marsh, 100-year Nearest Impact
(indicate on map) herbaceous, bog, etc.) Floodplain Stream (acres)
( es/no) (linear feet)

Total Wetland Impact (acres)
3. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: 0
4. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must be included. To calculate acreage. multiply leneth X width_ then divide by 43_SfiO_
Stream Impact
Number
(indicate on map)
Stream Name
Type of Impact Perennial or
Intermittent? Average
Stream Width
Before Impact Impact
Length
(linear feet) Area of
Impact
(acres)
Site 1 Yadkin Temporary Perennial 50 0.032

Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 0.032
5. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but are not limited to
fill. excavation, dred~ine. floodine_ draina~e_ bulkheads_ etc_
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma) Name of Waterbody
(if applicable)
Type of Impact Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay,
ocean, etc. Area of
Impact
(acres)

Total Open Water Impact (acres)
6. List the cumulative impact to all Waters of the U.S. resultine from the nroiect:
Stream Impact (acres): 0.032
Wetland Impact (acres): 0
Open Water Impact (acres): 0
Total Impact to Waters of the U.S. (acres) 0.032
Total Stream Impact (linear feet): 0
Page 4 of 8

7. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? ^ Yes ®No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USACE.
8. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond:
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts. Best management Practices for
the protection of Surface Waters and BMP's for Bridge demolition and removal, proposed bridge
will span the creek
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
Page 5 of 8

mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o. enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strmgide.html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
No mitigation is proposed because the proposed impacts are temporary.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If use of the NCEEP is proposed, please
check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land? Yes ® No ^
2. If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Page 6 of 8

• Yes ® No ^
3. If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter. Yes ® No ^
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
1. Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B .0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )? Yes ^ No
2. If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multipliers.
* I Impact I I Required
Zone , ~.,~_~ F ~,~ Multiplier ,,,~,~,__~,__
1 3 (2 for Catawba)
2 1.5
Total
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from the top of the near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
3. If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e.,
Donation of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, or Payment into the
Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as identified
within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0244, or .0260.
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site. Discuss
Stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property. If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level.Approximatelythe same as current conditions
Page 7 of 8

4
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
N/A
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
Is this anafter-the-fact permit application? Yes ^ No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ^ No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
httn://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description:
Replace an existing structure
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
~.
~E~~• o
AppYican~/Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 8 of 8

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1 0 1 2
I~\.~ I ENVIROXMENTAL ANALYL~~BRANCH I
BRIDGE NO. 334 ON SR lSl7
OVER THE YADKIN RIVER
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Caldwell County
Bridge No. 334 on SR 1517 (Whisnant Road)
over the Yadkin River
Federal-Aid Project No. BRZ-1517 (3)
State Project No. 8.2733501
W.B.S. No. 33419.1.1
T.I.P. Project No. B-4054
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DMSION OF HIGHWAYS

APPROVED:
~.'3 0 _A
DA
Gfegory 7. Thorpe, PhD.
~~~ Environmental Management Director
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
DATE , ,~,~,, ]ohn F. Sullivan, III PE
"~` Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration

i y
Caldwell County
Bridge No. 334 on SR 1517 (Whisnant Road)
over the Yadkin River
Federal-Aid Project No. BRZ-1517 (3)
State Project No. 8.2733501
W.B.S. No. 33419.1.1
T.I.P. Project No. B-4054
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
November 2004
Document Prepared By:
MA Engineering Consultants, Inc.
598 East Chatham Street, Suite 137.
Cary, NC 27511
~Fc.~v ~ '
Gail F. Kogut, PE
Project Manager

Chad H. Critcher, PE
Senior Associate
Carol
e
of Transportation:
\\\`~llllllllll//
\~.~ .~~ C A Rp~ '''.,
~,0~04 ES S IO ,jtiy';
_ ~ ~~ 5 L
- -
_ ~ ~ _
_ ~ ~ _
NG I NE~'Qr
~,, F . K ~,
''lllln1111 ~~` //'?Z "D'i~
Vincent ]. Rho; PE
Project Manger
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch

d
Caldwell County
Bridge No. 334 on SR 1517 (Whisnant Road)
over it#~e Yadkin River
Federal-Aid Project No. BRZ-1517 (3)
State Project No. 8.2733501
W.B.S. No. 33419.1.1
T.I.P. Project No. B-4054
PROJECT COMMITMENTS
In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit No. 23 and No. 33 Conditions, the General
Nationwide Permit Conditions, Section 404 Only Conditions, Regional Conditions, State
Consistency Conditions, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices for the Protection
of Surtace Waters, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices for Bridge Demolition
and Removal, General Certification Conditions, and Secfion 401 Conditions of Certification, the
following special commitments have been agreed to by NCDOT:
Division 11
1.) The NCDOT will observe a moratorium on in-water work and work in the 25-foot buffer
between May 1 and July 15 to protect the fry and egg stages of small-mouthed bass.
Categorical Exclusion 8-4054
November 2004
Page 1 of 1

Caldwell County
Bridge No. 334 on SRi517 (1Nhisnant Road)
over the Yadkin River
Federal-Aid Project No. BRZ-1517 (3)
State Project No. 8.2733501
W.B.S. No. 33419.1.1
T.I.P. Project No. B-4054
INTRODUCTION: The replacement of Bridge No. 334 is included in the 2004-2010 North
Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Transportation Improvement Program and in
the Federal-Aid Bridge Replacement Program. The location is shown in Figure 1. No substantial
environmental impacts are anticipated. The project is classified as a Federal "Categorical
Exclusion".
I. PURPOSE AND NEED STATEMENT
The NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit records indicated that at the time of its inclusion in
the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) in 1998, the bridge had a sufficiency
rating of 47.2 out of a possible 100 for a new structure. Since then, repairs have been
made to the superstructure to raise its sufficiency rating to 57.3. However, no additional
repairs' or upgrades can be made to raise the sufficiency rating further. The bridge is
considered functionally obsolete. The replacement of this inadequate structure will result
in safer and more efficient traffic operations.
II. EXISTING CONDITIONS
Bridge No. 334 is located on SR 1517 (Whisnant Road) in Caldwell County over the
Yadkin River (Figure 2-1). SR 1517 is classified as Rural Local in the Statewide
Functional Classification System.
Bridge No. 334 was constructed in 1958. The existing structure is a narrow one-lane,
two-span low water bridge with an overall length of 62.0 ft. (18.9m) and a clear
roadway width of 15.8 ft. (4.8m). The bridge superstructure consists of timber deck with
a 1 inch (2.54cm) asphalt wearing surface supported on steel beams. The substructure
consists of reinforced concrete abutments and pier. Bridge No. 334 currently has posted
weight limits of 20 tons (18.1 metric tons) for single vehicle (S~ and 26 tons (23.6
metric tons) for truck-tractor semi-trailer (TTST). There is no posted speed limit in the
vicinity of this bridge. However, the speed limit on SR 1560 is 35 mph (55 km/hr). The
approach roadway for Bridge No. 334 is a two-lane 18.0 ft. (5.5m) wide road with 4.0 ft.
(1.2m) grassed shoulders (Figure 2-1).
The creek bed to roadway crown point height is 6.0 ft. (1.8m) and the normal depth of
the Yadkin River is 3.0 ft. (0.9m).
T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County
Page 1

t,
The Yadkin River is classified as a Trout Water by the DWQ and as an Undesignated
Mountain Trout Water by the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission (NCWRC).
There is a dam approximately 450 ft. (140m) upstream from the bridge location.
According to the Area Locating Engineer, this dam is owned and operated by Omni
Supply, Inc. The dam feeds raw water into the packing tissue production process
throughout the plant located at the intersection of Frank Whisnant Road (SR 1517) and
Yadkin River Road (SR 1560).
Aerial telephone and power service lines cross the northeastern approach of the bridge.
High-tension power transmission lines cross the southwestern bridge approach. Water
mains and service connection valves can be found in the southwest quadrant near the
pump house. Omni Supply, Inc. pipes steam from their boilers across Yadkin River Road
into their plant.
The current estimated average daily traffic (ADT) volume is 100 vehicles per day (vpd).
The projected ADT is 500 vpd by the design year 2025. The percentages of truck traffic
are 2% dual-tired vehicles and 1% TTST. SR 1517 is a dead-end two-lane rural facility.
NC 268 is the main arterial through the valley.
SR 1517 is not a part of a designated bicycle route nor is it listed in the Transportation
Improvement Program (TIP) as needing bicycle accommodations. There is no indication
that an unusual number of bicyclists use this roadway.
No accidents were reported in the vicinity of the bridge during a recent three-year
period.
No school buses cross Bridge No. 334.
Land use in the basin is forested, cultivated, or pastureland with scattered residential
areas.
There are no survey markers in the project vicinity.
III. ALTERNATIVES
A. Project Description
The proposed structure will provide a 28-foot (8.5-meter) minimum clear roadway width
to allow for two 11-foot (3.4-meter) travel lanes and 3-foot (1.0-meter) minimum
shoulders on each side. The approach roadway will consist of two 11-foot (3.4-meter)
travel lanes with 5-foot (1.5-meter) unpaved shoulders. Refer to figure 3.
The estimated structure requirements are based on the historic performances of the
existing structure and field observations of the site. Based on field reconnaissance of the
site and a preliminary hydraulic analysis, the existing structure can be replaced with a
Page 2 T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County

bridge. The existing roadway elevation would be slightly raised. Two alternatives are
considered (See Figures 4A and 46).
B. Build Alternatives
Alternative 1(Preferred)
Alternative 1 proposes to construct the bridge slightly upstream of the existing location
while maintaining traffic on the existing bridge during construction. The bridge would be
approximately 75 ft. (22.9m) in length.
Alternative 2
Alternative 2 proposes to replace the bridge in place while maintaining traffic on an on-
site temporary detour bridge upstream of the existing location. The proposed structure
length would be approximately 90 ft. (27.4m). The temporary bridge would be
approximately 62 ft. (18.9m) in length. This alternative will involve a more complicated
structural design since a portion of the bridge is within the horizontal curve.
C. Alternatives Eliminated from Further Study
The "do-nothing" altemative will eventually necessitate closure and/or removal of the
bridge effectively removing this section of SR 1517 from traffic service.
SR 1517 is a dead-end two-lane, rural facility, therefore an off-site detour is not
available for this project.
Investigation of the existing structure by the NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit indicates
that rehabilitation of the old bridge is not feasible due to its age and deteriorated
condition.
D. Preferred Alternative
Alternative 1, constructing the bridge slightly upstream of the existing location while
maintaining traffic on the existing bridge during construction, is the preferred
alternative.
Alternative 1 will have a larger hydraulic opening than either the existing bridge or
Alternative 2; therefore the existing flooding problem can be alleviated to a greater
extent with Alternative 1. Alternative 2 will have greater environmental impacts:
relocating the bridge upstream will minimize impacts to the floodplain and the unnamed
tributary downstream of the existing bridge site. Alternative 1 would establish the
construction limits further from the tributary. The proposed bridge would be wider than
existing to adhere to NCDOTs current bridge policy. With a wider proposed bridge and
therefore a wider construction limit than existing, lateral encroachment into the
unnamed tributary's floodplain is expected in Alternative 2.
Replacing the bridge in place does not improve the horizontal alignment of the roadway.
Improvement to the horizontal alignment would increase the sight distance at the
intersection with SR 1560 thereby removing the hazard associated with accessing SR
T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County
Page 3

,~
1560 from SR 1517. The costs of construction and removal of the temporary bridge
increase the total project cost of Alternative 2. In addition, the business in the
southwest quadrant will be affected by Alternative 2.
E. Design Exceptions
There is no posted speed limit on site, therefore the statutory speed limit of 55mph (90
km/hr) is applicable. Therefore the design speed is 60mph (95km/hr). However, the
vertical profile can not be raised sufficiently to attain this design speed. Therefore, a
design exception will be requested for the vertical alignment.
IV. ESTIMATED COSTS
The estimated costs for each atemative, based on current (2004) prices, are shown in
Table 1.
Table 1: Estimated Costs
Alternative 1 Altemative 2
Structure Removal (existing) 8,160 8,160
Structure (proposed) 185,625 222,750
Temporary Detour Bridge 0 64,480
Roadway Approaches 148,072 140,574
Miscellaneous and Mobilization 96,143 108,036
Engineering and Contingencies 62,000 81,000
ROW/Const. Easements/Utilities 69,000 69,000

TOTAL $ 569,000 $ 694,000
The total estimated cost of the project, as shown in the 2004-2010 Transportation
Improvement Program, is $700,000 including $50,000 for right-of--way and $550,000 for
construction.
V. NATURAL RESOURCES
A Natural Resources Technical Report was prepared by M A Engineering Consultants,
Inc. and is available at the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) office.
Natural resources within the project study area were evaluated to provide: 1) an
assessment of biotic resources; 2) an evaluation of potential impacts resulting from
construction; and 3) a preliminary determination of permit needs.
Page 4 T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County

A. Methodology
A qualified biologist conducted Field investigations along the project study area during
the months of June and July 2003. Pedestrian surveys were undertaken to determine
natural resource conditions and to document natural communities, wildlife, and the
presence of protected species or their habitats.
Information regarding the project area and region was derived from a number of
resources including: U.S. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Buffalo Cove and Lenoir 7.5-
minute quadrangle map (1967 and 1993), Soil Survey Sheets of Caldwell County, North
Carolina (1995), United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands
Inventory (NWI) Mapping (1999), USFWS list of protected species (February 25, 2003),
North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (NCDENR)
Basinwide Information Management System, North Carolina Center for Geographical
Information and Analysis (NCCGIA) BasinPro GIS Million-Acre Edition Data (June 2002),
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) list of rare animal species (January
2001), NCNHP list of rare plant species (January 2002); NCNHP County status database
(accessed June 2003), NCDOT aerial photography of the project study area (1:100), and
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) water resource data (2003).
B. Physiography and Soils
The project lies within the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province. This mountainous region
is composed of rocks from over approximately 500 million to over one billion years old
(North Carolina Geological Survey, 1991). This complex mixture of igneous, sedimentary
and metamorphic rock has repeatedly been squeezed, fractured, faulted and twisted into
folds. The project study area is found within the Alligator Back Formation of the Blue
Ridge Belt. The Alligator Back Formation is characterized by clastic metasedimentary
rock and mafic and felsic metavolcanic rock composed of gneiss, schist, metagrawacke,
amphibolite, and calc-silicate granofels. The general topography is characterized by
steep, deeply dissected mountains interspersed with narrow flats adjacent to streams.
Elevations in the project vicinity range from approximately 1,200 to 2,200 feet (360 to
670 meters) above mean sea level (msl). Elevations in the project study area range from
approximately 1,240 to 1,400 feet (380 to 430 meters) above msl.
According to the general soil map for Caldwell County (USDA, 1989), the project study
area is within the Chewacla-Masada-Congaree soil association. The soils in this
association are described as nearly level to strongly sloping, somewhat poorly drained to
well drained soils that have a loamy or clayey subsoil or loamy underlying material. Soil
series found within the project study area are Buncombe loamy sand, frequently
flooded; Cecil sandy clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slope; Chewacla fine sandy loam
occasionally flooded; Congaree fine sandy loam, occasionally flooded; Masada loam, $ to
15 percent slopes; Pacolet fine sandy loam, 25 to 40 percent slopes; State loam, 2 to 8
percent slope; and Wehadkee loam, frequently flooded. The North Carolina Natural
Resource Conservation Service has classified two of the above soil series as hydric;
Chewacla-Masada-Congaree soil association and Wehadkee loam, frequently flooded.
T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County
Page 5

C. Water Resources
C.i. Water Impacted
The proposed project falls in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin, within the DWQ subbasin
designated 03-07-01 and the USGS 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 03040101.
Waters within the project vicinity include the Yadkin River [12-(1), 4/15/1963] and an
unnamed tributary to the Yadkin River (UT1) [NCDENR, 2003(a)]. The Yadkin River and
UT1 are depicted on the USGS 7.5-minute topographic map and the County Soil Survey
map; therefore, they both meet the definition of a perennial stream.
C.2. Water Resources Characteristics
Within the project study area, the classification for the Yadkin River is "C; Tr" and by
definition all unclassified tributaries inherit the classification of the stream they discharge
into. Class "C" waters are suitable for secondary recreation, fishing, wildlife, fish and
aquatic life propagation and survival, and agriculture. Class "Tr" denotes trout waters,
which is a supplemental classification to protect freshwaters for propagation of natural
trout and survival of stocked trout. According to the information obtained from the DWQ
Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basinwide Water Qua/ity Management P/an [NCDENR 2003(b)],
the Yadkin River has a use support rating of Supporting, based on the monitored
method.
The Yadkin River was approximately 630 feet (192 meters) in length within the project
study area. Stream width was approximately 54.0 feet (16.5 meters) upstream of the
bridge. Due to elevated water level and rapid flow rate a measurement of the water
depth was impossible. The substrate appeared to consist of silt, sand, pebbles, cobbles
and bedrock. The river had well-defined, vegetated banks. The stream reach exhibited
well-defined pool-riffle sequences. Water clarity was slightly turbid. Based on this
preliminary characterization, the Yadkin River can be classified as a Rosgen Stream
Classification Type C-channel (Rosgen 1996).
UT1 length within the project study area is approximately 310 feet (95 meters). Stream
width was approximately 8.0 feet (2.4 meters) and the average water depth was 0.30
feet (0.09 meters). There were defined riffle-pool sequences within this portion of the
reach. Water clarity was clear. However, there was evidence that the channel may be in
a state of transition, so a classification is not offered.
No waters classified as Water Supplies (WS-I: undeveloped watershed, or WS-II:
predominantly undeveloped watersheds), High Quality Waters (HQW), Outstanding
Resource Waters (ORW) or designated as an impaired water body under Section 303(d)
of the Clean Water Act occur within 1.0 mile (1.6 kilometers) of the project study area.
The Basinwide Monitoring Program, managed by the DWQ is part of an ongoing
ambient water quality monitoring program that addresses long-term trends in water
quality. The program monitors ambient water quality by sampling at fixed sites for
selected benthic macroinvertebrates, which are sensitive to water quality conditions.
According to the information obtained from the Yadkin Pee Dee River Basinwide Water
Qua/ity Management P/an (NCDENR, 2003(b)], the DWQ has one sampling station
Page 6 T.I.P. No. B-4054
Caldwell County

.~
upstream from the project study area. This site is located on the Yadkin River along US
321, south of Preston Creek and north of SR 1379. The US 321 station was last sampled
in 2002 and received a rating of "Good".
Point sources, such as wastewater discharges, located throughout North Carolina are
permitted through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
program through the NCDENR. One active NPDES permit is located directly downstream
from the project study area. The Omni-Supply, River Road site was permitted
September 30, 1998 (permit number N00006254) (NCCGIA, 2001).
C.3. Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources
The proposed project is expected to affect both soils and topography. The topography is
variable with moderate to abrupt changes in elevation. The proposed construction of a
new bridge or associated road improvements will require the removal of soils and the
placement of fill material.
The primary sources of water quality degradation in urban areas are stormwater runoff
and construction. Construction of a new bridge and approaches may disturb the stream
banks and expose the soil surface. This may cause water quality degradation from
runoff and sedimentation. In addition, increased impervious areas can introduce other
elements of degradation to water resources. These elements may include hydrocarbons,
toxic substances, debris, and other pollutants. Anticipated impacts to water resources
include: additional substrate destabilization, bank erosion, increased turbidity, altered
flow rates, and possible temperature fluctuations within the stream channel caused by
the removal of streamside vegetation.
NCDOT will ensure that preventative and control Best Management Practices (BMP's) are
employed to prevent or reduce water pollution as described in the NCDOT handbook
Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters
According to Mr. Doug Besler, NCWRC District 8 Biologist, this section of the Yadkin
River does not hold trout species: however, the NCWRC has requested a moratorium on
in-stream construction and stream crossing to protect egg and fry stages of smallmouth
bass.
C.4. Impacts Related to Bridge Demolition and Removal
BMP's for Bridge Demolition and Removal may be categorized as one of three cases:
Case 1, Case 2, or Case 3. The replacement of Bridge No. 334 may be classified as a
Case 2 or Case 3. Case 2 categories allow no work at all in the water during moratorium
periods. Case 3 categories have no special restrictions beyond those outlined in the Best
Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters handbook. Limiting in-
stream activities and revegetating stream banks immediately following the completion of
grading can further reduce impacts.
The existing structure consists of timber deck with a 1 inch (2.54cm) asphalt wearing
surface supported on steel beams. The substructure consists of reinforced concrete
T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County
Page 7

abutments and pier. The timber wilt be removed without dropping components into
Waters of the United States.
D. Biotic Resources
This section describes the vegetation and associated wildlife within the project area that
was observed during the field survey. The project area is composed of different
vegetative communities based on topography, soils, hydrology, and disturbance
regimes. Potential impacts affecting these communities are also discussed. Classification
of plant communities is based on a system used by the NCNHP (Schafale and Weakley,
1990). If a community is modified or otherwise disturbed such that it does not fit into an
NCNHP classification, it is given a name that best describes its current characteristics.
Scientific nomenclature and common names (when applicable) are provided for each
plant and animal species listed. Subsequent references to the same organism include
only the common name.
D.1. Plant Communities
The predominant terrestrial communities found in the project study area are White Pine
Forest, Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest, and Urban/Disturbed Community. These
communities are described in detail below and presented in Figure 5.
White Pine Forest
The White Pine Forest community described here appears to be the result of human
induced forces rather than a stand formed by natural processes. White pine is the
dominant canopy species and the understory is composed of hardwood saplings,
rhododendron .and abundant herbaceous plants. The dominant plants in the project
study area .included white pine (Pious strobes), American holly (I/ex opaca), great laurel
(Rhododendron maximum), white oak (Quercus a/ba), American beech (Pages
grandifo/ia), wake robin (Tri//ium erectum), Solomon's seal (Po/ygonatum biflorum), and
greenbrier (Smi/ax rotundifo/ia). Elevations within this community range from
approximately 1,240 to 1,400 feet (380 to 430 meters) msl. Within the project study
area approximately 0.5 acres (0.2 hectares) of this community exist.
Piedmont/Low Mountain A//u~ia/ Forest
This community lies between SR 1517 and the White Pine Forest. Dominant canopy
species observed included sycamore (P/atanus occidenta/is), red maple (Acer rubrum),
river birch (Bete/a nigra), and tag alder (A/nus serru/ata). Additional woody and
herbaceous species present included American holly, pale jewelweed (Impatiens pa//ida),
common greenbrier (Smi/ax rotundifo/ia), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans),
blackberry (Rubussp.) and honeysuckle (Lonicerasp.). Elevations within this community
lie below 1300 feet (400 meters) msl. Within the project study area approximately 0.5
acres (0.2 hectares) of this community exist.
Urban/Disturbed Community
The Urban/Disturbed Community includes the road shoulders, power line right-of--way,
residential and agricultural areas and industrial or commercial areas (Exhibit 1.3.1).
Many plant species are adapted to these disturbed and regularly maintained areas. The
dominant species within the project study area include fescue (Festuca sp.), ryegrass
Page 8 T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County

~'
(Lo/ium sp,), clover (Trifo/ium sp.), thistle (Cirsium sp.), sunflower (He/ianthus sp.),
pokeweed (Phyto/acca americans), lespedeza (Lespedeza sp.), broom sedge
(Andropogon virginicus), foxtail (Setaria sp.), cinquefoil (Potenti//a sp.), asters (Aster
sp.), wild onion (A//ium cemuum), dandelion (Taraxacum officina/e), blackberry, and
plantain (P/antago sp.). Within the project study area, approximately 5.2 acres (2.1
hectares) of this community exist.
D.2. Wildlife
Wildlife associated with these plant communities include ubiquitous mammals such as
raccoon (Procyon /oto~, striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), white-tailed deer (Odocoi/eus
virginianus), Virginia opossum (Dide/phis virginiana), southern flying squirrel (G/aucomys
vo/ans), eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), and gray squirrel (Sciurus taro/inensis).
Avian species which may utilize these communities include northern cardinal (Carding/is
carding/is), tufted titmouse (Baeo%phus bico%~, mourning dove (Zenaida macroura),
ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi//us), eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), Carolina chickadee
(Poeci/e Caro/inensis), gray catbird (Dumetella taro/inensis), American crow (Corvus
brachyrhynchos), dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), white-breasted nuthatch (Sifts
Caro/inensis), downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata),
northern mockingbird (Mimus po/yg/ottos), and northern parula (Para/a americans).
Other wildlife which may reside or forage in the above communities include the two-
lined salamander (Eurycea bis/ineata), slimy salamander (P/ethodon g/utinosus), Fowler's
toad (Bufo woodhousei), spring peeper (Hyla crucifefj, American toad (Bufo
americanus), eastern box turtle (Terrapene taro/ins), five-lined skink (Eumeces
fasciatus), and the ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus).
D.3. Aquatic Communities
Aquatic systems in the project study area include the Yadkin River and an unnamed
tributary to the Yadkin River. The Yadkin River appears to be a high groundwater-low
runoff third order or greater perennial stream. In addition, it appears to have a confined
valley form with a low (0.0 - 0.019) to medium (0.002 - 0.02) gradient. The unnamed
tributary appears to be a low groundwater-high runoff first order perennial stream. It
has a confined valley with a medium (0.002 - 0.02) slope. Banks of both streams were
well vegetated. Wildlife observed during the site investigation included mayfly and
caddisfly larvae, snail, and fish. Additional wildlife expected includes seal salamander
(Desmognathus montico/a), blackbelry salamander (Desmognathus quadramacu/atus),
green frog (Rana c/amitans), northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon), rosyside dace
(Clinostomus fundu/oides), bluehead chub (Nocomis /eptocepha/us), sandbar shiner
(Notropis scepticus), marginated madtom (Noturus insignis), fantail darter (Etheostoma
tlabe//are), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (Sa/mo fruits), brook
trout (Sa/ve/inus fontinalis) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus do%mieu).
T.I.P. No. B-4054
Caldwell County
Page 9

D.4. Anticipated Impacts to Biotic Communities
The project study area consists of approximately 0.5 acres (0.2 hectares) of White Pine
Forest, 0.5 acres (0.2 hectares) of Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest, and 5.2 acres
(2.1 hectares) of Urban/Disturbed Community. The preferred alternative, Alternative 1,
has the potential to encroach into these natural vegetative communities. Based on a
preliminary analysis, the total acreage that may be affected within each natural
vegetative community is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Anticipated Impacts to Vegetative ('nmm~initiac
Alternative 1 Alternative 2
White Pine Forest O A O ha O A O ha
Piedmont/ Low Mountain Alluvial Forest 0.08 A 0.03 ha 0.08 A 0.03 ha
Urban/Disturbed 0.59 A 0.24 ha 0.59 A 0.24 ha
Total 0.67 A 0.27 ha 0.65 A 0.27 ha
Loss of wildlife is an unavoidable aspect of development. Temporary fluctuations in
populations of animal species, which utilize these communities, are anticipated during
the course of construction. Slow-moving, burrowing, and/or subterranean organisms will
be directly impacted by construction activities, while mobile organisms will be displaced
to adjacent communities.
Aquatic organisms are acutely sensitive to changes in their environment. Environmental
impacts from construction activities may result in long term or irreversible effects.
Impacts usually associated with in-stream construction include increased channelization
and scouring of the streambed. In-stream construction alters the substrate and affects
adjacent streamside vegetation. Such disturbances within the substrate lead to
increased siltation, which can clog the gills and/or feeding mechanisms of benthic
organisms, fish, and amphibian species. Siltation may also cover benthic
macroinvertebrates with excessive amounts of sediment that inhibit their ability to
respire. These organisms are slow to recover and usually do not, once the stream has
been severely impacted.
The removal of streamside vegetation and placement of fill material during construction
enhances erosion and possible sedimentation. Quick revegetation of these areas helps to
reduce the impacts by supporting the underlying soils. Erosion and sedimentation may
carry soils, toxic compounds, trash, and other materials into the aquatic communities at
the construction site. As a result, sediment bars may form at and downstream of the
site. Increased light penetration from the removal of streamside vegetation may
increase water temperatures. Warmer water contains less oxygen, thus reducing aquatic
life that depends on high oxygen concentrations.
E. Special Topic
E.1. "Waters of the United States": ]urisdictional Issues
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires regulation of discharges into "Waters of the
United States." The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is the principal
Page 10 T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County

administrative agency of the Clean Water Act; however, the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (USAGE) has the responsibility for implementation, permitting, and
enforcement of the provisions of the Act. The USAGE regulatory program is defined in 33
CFR 320-330.
Water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and streams, are subject to jurisdictional
consideration under the Section 404 program. Wetlands are also identified as "Waters of
the United States." Wetlands, defined in 33 CFR 328.3, are those areas that are
inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration
sufficient to support, and under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of
vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Any action that proposes
to place fill into these areas falls under the jurisdiction of the USAGE under Section 404
of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344).
Surface Waters
The NCDWQ defines a perennial stream as a clearly defined channel that contains water
for the majority of the year. These channels usually have some or all of the following
characteristics: distinctive streambed and bank, aquatic life, and groundwater flow or
discharge. Since the Yadkin River and the Unnamed Tributary appear on either the
USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle map or the County Soil Survey map, they can be classified
as perennial streams. Detailed stream characteristics, including specific water-quality
designations, are presented in Section C: Water Resources.
Jurisdictional Wetlands
There are no jurisdictional wetlands associated with the project study area.
E.2. Permits
In accordance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344), a permit is
required from the USAGE for projects of this type for the discharge of dredged or fill
material into "Waters of the United States". The specific permit(s) will be determined
once alternatives have been chosen and potential impacts have been calculated. A
Nationwide Permit No. 23 (Approved Categorical Exclusion) is likely to be applicable for
all impacts to Waters of the United States resulting from the proposed project. A
Nationwide Permit No. 33 (Temporary Construction, Access or Dewatering) may be
required if an on-site temporary detour or construction platform is needed during
construction of Bridge No. 334. A Regional General Permit No. 198200031 may be
required if the discharge of dredged or fill material in "Waters of the United States" is
unavoidable.
A 401 Water Quality Certification, administered through the DWQ, will also be required.
This certification is issued for any activity that may result in a discharge into waters for
which a federal permit is required. Applicable General Certifications (GC) may include GC
3403, GC 3366, and GC 3404 for the matching USAGE Nationwide Permit 23, Nationwide
Permit 33, and Regional General Permit 198200031, respectively.
Impacts to the aquatic community of the Yadkin River may result from the replacement
of Bridge No. 334. The removal of the substructure may create some disturbance in the
T.I.P. No. 8-4054 Page ii
Caldwell County

streambed. Conditions in the stream may raise sediment concerns since the substrate
contains silt; therefore, a turbidity curtain is recommended.
In order to protect the water quality and aquatic life in the area affected by this project,
the NCDOT and all contractors will follow appropriate guidelines for bridge demolition
and removal. These guidelines are presented in three NCDOT documents entitled: Pre-
Construction Guidelines for Bridge Demo/ition and Remova/, Po/icy.• Bridge Demo/ition
and Removal in Waters of the United States, and Best Management Practices for Bridge
Demo/ition and Remova/.
A moratorium on in-stream construction and stream crossing will be required to protect
populations of smallmouth bass.
E.3. Buffer Rules
At the time of this report, the Yadkin River Basin was not subject to riparian buffer
regulations.
E.4. Mitigation
The USACE has adopted, through the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), a
mitigation policy which embraces the concepts of "no net loss of wetlands" and
sequencing. The purpose of this policy is to restore and maintain the chemical,
biological, and physical integrity of "Waters of the United States," specifically wetlands.
Mitigation of wetland impacts has been defined by the CEQ to include: avoiding impacts,
minimizing impacts, and compensating for impacfis (40 CFR 1508.20). Avoidance,
minimization, and compensatory mitigation must be considered sequentially.
Avoidance
Avoidance mitigation examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting
impacts to "Waters of the United States." According to a 1990 Memorandum of
Agreement (MOA) between the USEPA and the USACE, in determining "appropriate and
practicable" measures to offset unavoidable impacts, such measures should be
appropriate to the scope and degree of those impacts and practicable in terms of cost,
existing technology, and logistics in light of overall project purposes. No jurisdictional
wetlands will be impacted; however, some unavoidable impacts to surtace waters may
result from project construction.
Minimization
Minimization includes the examination of appropriate and practicable steps to reduce the
adverse impacts to "Waters of the United States." Implementation of these steps will be
required through project modifications and permit conditions. Minimization typically
focuses on decreasing the footprint of the proposed project through the reduction of
median widths, right-of--way widths, fill slopes, and/or road shoulder widths. The
following methods are suggested to minimize adverse impacts to "Waters of the United
States:"
1. Strictly enforce Best Management Practices (BMP's) to control sedimentation during
project construction;
2. Clearing and grubbing activity should be minimized;
Page 12
T.I.P. No. 8-4054
. Caldwell County

3. Decrease or eliminate discharges into the North Pacolet River's tributary;
4. Reestablishment of vegetation on exposed areas with judicious pesticide and
herbicide management;
5. Minimization of "in-stream" activity; and
6. Use responsible litter control practices.
Comoensatorv Mitigation
Compensatory mitigation is not normally considered until anticipated impacts to "Waters
of the United States" have been avoided and minimized to the maximum extent
possible. It is recognized that "no net loss of wetlands" functions and values may not be
achieved in each and every permit action. Appropriate and practicable compensatory
mitigation is required for unavoidable adverse impacts, which remain after all
appropriate, and practicable minimization has been required. Compensatory actions
often include restoration, creation and enhancement of Waters of the United States,
specifically wetlands. Such action should be undertaken in areas adjacent to or
contiguous to the discharge site.
Nationwide Permits usually do not require mitigation according to the MOA between the
USEPA and the USACE. However, prior to the use of any nationwide permit within any of
the 25 designated counties of North Carolina that contain trout waters, notification must
be given to the Wilmington USACE District Engineer along with a written statement of
compliance with all of the conditions of the applicable nationwide permit. This
notification will include comments and recommendations from NCWRC. A plan to provide
compensatory mitigation for all unavoidable adverse impacts to the mountain trout
waters must be included in the information sent to the NCWRC.
F. Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of fauna and flora have been, or are, in the process of decline due to
either natural forces or their inability to coexist with humans. Federal law, under the
provisions of Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended,
requires that any action likely to adversely affect a species classified as federally-
protected be subject to review by the USFWS. Other species may receive additional
protection under separate laws. The USFWS lists three federally-protected species for
Caldwell County as of the February 5, 2003 listing.
F.1. Federally Protected Species
~uruce-fir moss snider (Microhexura montivaaa)
Federal Status: Endangered
State Status: Significantly Rare
Date Listed: February 6, 1995
The spruce-fir moss spider occurs in well-drained moss and liverwort mats growing on
rocks or boulders. These mats are found in well-shaded areas of mature, high elevation
[5,000 feet (1,520 meters)] spruce-fir forests. This species is currently known from one
population in Tennessee and three populations in North Carolina; one in Avery/Caldwell
Counties and two in Swain County.
T.I.P. No. 8-4054 Page 13
Caldwell County

.,
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
Suitable habitat for the spruce-fir moss spider is not present in the project study area
due to the lack of spruce-fir forest and the relatively low elevation of the study area.
NCNHP has no records of any known populations of the spruce-fir moss spider within a
one-mile radius of the project area. Therefore, this species will not be impacted as a
result of project construction.
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf (Hexasty/isnaniAo~a1
Federal Status: Threatened
State Status: Threatened
Date Listed: March 11, 1967
The dwarf-flowered heartleaf is found only in eight western piedmont counties in
North Carolina and the adjacent portions of South Carolina. The dwarf-flowered
heartleaf has heart-shaped leaves, supported by long thin petioles that grow from a
subsurface rhizome. The flowers are found near the base of the petioles. Fruits mature
from mid-May to early July. Dwarf-flowered heartleaf populations are found along bluffs
and adjacent slopes, in boggy areas next to streams and creeks, and along the slopes of
nearby hillsides and ravines. This plant grows in acidic soils in regions with a cool moist
climate. Plants are found on acidic sandy soils on bluffs and ravines and are usually
associated with mountain laurel (Ka/mia /atifo/ia) thickets in hardwood forests. The soils
preferred by this species include Pacolet, Madison gravelly sandy loam, and Musella fine
sandy loam.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
Suitable habitat is not located in the project study area and a search of the NCNHP
database showed no recorded occurrences of this species within the project vicinity. The
project study area was canvassed during the site investigation and no specimens of
dwarf-flowered heartleaf were observed. It can be concluded that the construction of
the proposed project will not impact any populations of dwan`-flowered heartleaf.
Heller's blazing star lLiairishe/%rr~
Federal Status: Threatened
State Status: Threatened-Special Concern
Federally Listed: November 19, 1987
Heller's blazing star is endemic to high elevation ledges of rock outcrops of the
northern Blue Ridge Mountains in North Carolina. Known populations of this plant occur
at elevations of 3,500 to 6,000 feet (1,100 to 1,800 meters). Heller's blazing star is a
short, stocky plant that has one or more erect stems that arise from a tuft of narrow,
pale green basal leaves. Heller's blazing star is an early pioneer species growing on
grassed rock outcrops where it is exposed to full sunlight. Heller's blazing star prefers
shallow acid soils associated with granite rocks.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: ND EFFECT
Suitable habitat for Heller's blazing star is not present in the project study area due to
the lack of high elevation ledges and rock outcrops and the relatively low elevation of
Page 14
T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County

the study area. NCNHP has no records of any known populations of the HeUer's blazing
star within aone-mile radius of the project area. Therefore, this species will not be
impacted as a result of project construction
F.2. Federal Species of Concern
As of February 5, 2003 there were seventeen federal species of concern species listed
by the USFWS for Caldwell County. These species are not protected under the provisions
of Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. Federal species of concern species are
defined as species under consideration for listing for which there is insufficient
information to support listing as threatened or endangered (formerly C2 candidate
species). The status of these species may be upgraded at any time, thus they are
included here for consideration. A review of NCNHP data depicting known populations of
these federal species of concern found no populations within a one mile (1.6 km) radius
of the project study area. Protections afforded to species listed under state law are not
applicable to this project. Table 3 lists the federal species of concern, their state status,
and the existence of suitable habitat within the project area.
Table 3: Federal s ecies of concern for Caldwell Coun
Common Scientific Federal State Habitat Available
Name Name Stags Stags 'cements Habitat
Vertebrates
Allegheny Neotoma FSC* SC Rocky cliffs, caves, Yes
woodrat magister bottomland
hardwoods between
800 to 2500 feet
elevation
Southern Aego/ius FSC SC Spruce-fir forests or No
Appalachian acadicus mixed
northern saw- hardwood/spruce
whet owl forest
Southern Loxia curvirosba FSC SR Coniferous forests, No
Appalachian red preferably spruce-fir
crossbill
Southern Poeci/e FSC SC High elevation forests, No
Appalachian atricapi//a mainly spruce-fir
black-capped praerica
chickadee
Southern Sphyrapicus FSC SR Mature, open No
Appalachian varius hardwoods with
yellow-bellied apps/achiensis scattered dead trees
sa ucker
Invertebrates
Brook floater A/asmidonta FSC E Piedmont systems No
varicr~sa and along the Blue
Ridge escarpment of
Catawba River
S stems
Diana fritillary Speyeria diana FSC SR Rich woods and Yes
butterfly adjacent edges and
o nin s
T.LP. No. 8-4054 Page 15
Caldwell County

T..LI_ ^f. r
iau~C ~. rcuCrar ~ cues vi concern roc ~a lawen nou n
Common Shcenti8c Federal State Habitat Available
Name Name Status Status uirements Habitat
Edmund's Ophiogomphus FSC SR Blue Ridge No
snaketail edmundo escarpment streams
dra on
Mountain River Macromia FSC* SR Moderate elevation, No
skimmer margarita high-quality streams
and rivers.
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir Abies haserr FSC SR-L Boreal forests and No
balds above 4,500
feet.
Mountain Cardamine FSC SR T High elevation seeps, Yes
bittercress c%matitis shaded outcrops and
streambanks
Bent avens Geum FSC T High elevation forest, No
genicu/atum steam banks, and
see slo
Butternut Jug/ans cinerer~ FSC W5A Cove forests, rich No
woods
Gray's lily Li/turn giayi FSC T-SC High elevation grassy No
banks, meadows,
mountain bogs and
see
Sweet pinesap Monotropsis FSC* SR T Dry forests and bluffs. Yes
adorab
Ri clan vervain Verbena ri ria FSC* SR T Not known N/A
Nonvascular Plants
Liverwort Plagiorhi/a FSC SR-L On moist rocks in No
sul/ivantii vas spray zone of
su//ivantii waterfall.
nv~s: - _-
FSC: Federal Species of Concern - A taxon which may or may not be listed in the future (formerly Federal C2 candidate
spedes).
SC: Speaal Concern -Any spedes of plant in North Carolina which requires monitoring.
SR: Significantly rare speces.
T-: Threatened -any resident species of plant or animal whici~ is likely to become an endangered spedes within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
E-: Endangered -any species or higher taxon of plant whose continued e>astence as a viable componerrt of the State's
flora/fauna is determined to be in jeopardy.
-L The range of the species is limited to North Carolina and adjacent stages. These are speaes which may have 20-50
populations in North Carolina, but fewer than 50 populations range wide.
-T: These speaes are rare throughout their ranges (fewer than 100 populations total).
W5a: Watch Category 5a -Rare because of severe dedine.
* - Denotes a Historic record; the species was last observed in file county more titan 50 years ago.
VI. CULTURAL RESOURCES
A. Compliance Guidelines
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, implemented by the Advisory Council on Historic
Page 16 T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County

Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Section 106 requires that for federally-funded, licensed, or permitted projects having an
effect on properties listed in or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places, the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation be given the opportunity to provide comment.
B. Historic Architecture
A field study of the area of potential effect (APE) was conducted on June 10, 2003. The
APE is defined as the geographic area or areas within which an undertaking or project
may directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of historic properties.
All structures within the APE were photographed and later reviewed by the State Historic
Preservation Office (HPO). In a concurrence form dated November 25, 2003, the State
Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) stated that there were no structures of historical or
architectural importance located within the planning area based on historical information
available and. the review of the photographs. Therefore, no further compliance with
Section 106 is required. A copy of the SHPO memorandum is included in the Appendix.
C. Archaeology
The State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), in a memorandum dated December 18,
2003 stated that they have "no comment on the undertaking as proposed." A copy of
the SHPO memorandum is included in the Appendix.
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
The project is expected to have an overall positive impact. Replacement of an
inadequate bridge will result in safer traffic operations.
The project is a Federal "Categorical Exclusion" due to its limited scope and lack of
significant environmental consequences.
The bridge replacement will not have an adverse effect on the quality of the human or
natural environment with the use of current NCDOT standards and specifications.
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or zoning regulation. No
substantial change in land use is expected to result from construction of the project.
No adverse impact on families or communities is anticipated. Right of way acquisition
will be limited. No relocatees are expected with implementation of the proposed
alternative.
The studied route does not contain any bicycle accommodations nor is it a designated
bicycle route; therefore no bicycle accommodations have been included as part of this
project.
No adverse effect on public facilities or services is anticipated. The project is not
expected to adversely affect social, economic, or religious opportunities in the area.
T.I.P. No. 8-4054 Page 17
Caldwell County

There are no publicly owned recreational facilities, or wildlife and waterfowl refuges of
national, state, or local significance in the vicinity of the project.
This Categorical Exclusion has proceeded in accordance with the Executive Order 12898
requirement that each federal agency, to the greatest extent allowed by law,
administers and implements its programs, policies, and activities that affect human
health or the environment so as to identify and avoid "disproportionately high and
adverse" effects on minority and low-income populations. The proposed project will not
directly impact minority or low-income residences, segment existing minority
communities, or separate residential areas from nearby services such as schools.
The proposed project will not require right-of--way acquisition or easement from any land
protected under Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966.
No geodetic monuments will be impacted during construction of this project.
The Farmland Protection Policy Act requires all federal agencies or their representatives
to consider the potential impacts to prime and important farmland soils by all land
acquisition and construction projects. Prime and important farmland soils are defined by
the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). There are no prime or important
farmlands in the immediate vicinity of the proposed bridge.
No adverse effects to air quality are expected to result from this project. The project is
in an air quality "neutral" project, so it is not required to be included in the regional
emissions analysis (if applicable), and a project level CO analysis is not required. Since
the proposed project is located in an attainment area, 40 CFR Part 51 and 93 are not
applicable. If vegetation or wood debris is disposed of by open burning, it shall be done
in accordance with applicable local laws and regulations of the North Carolina State
Implementation Plan (SIP) for air quality in compliance with 15 NCAC 2D.0520 and the
1990 Clean Air Act and the National Environmental Policy Act. This evaluation completes
the assessment requirements for air quality and no additional reports are required.
Ambient noise levels may increase during construction of this project; however, this
increase will be only temporary and usually confined to daylight hours. There should be
no notable change in traffic volumes after this project is complete. Therefore, this
project will have no adverse effect on existing noise levels. Noise receptors in the
project area will not be impacted by this project. This evaluation completes the
assessment requirements for highway traffic noise set forth in 23 CFR Part 772. No
additional reports are required.
An examination of North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR), Division of Water Quality (DWQ), Groundwater Section and the North Carolina
Department of Human Resources, Solid Waste Management Section records by the
NCDOT Geotechnical Engineering Unit revealed no hazardous waste sites in the project
area.
Page 18 T.I.P. No. B-4054
Caldwell County

A field investigation revealed that two regulated underground storage tanks did exist in
the project study area. An examination of records of DENR's Division of Waste
Management, Underground Storage Tank Section, revealed that the business, Sealed Air
Corp. had three underground storage tanks removed after a leakage in 1993.
Caldwell County is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program. The Yadkin
River is in an area included in a detailed FEMA flood study. Attached is a copy of the
Flood Insurance Rate Map, on which are shown the approximate limits of the 100-year
flood plain in the vicinity of the project (Figure 6).
On the basis of the above discussion, it is concluded that no significant adverse
environmental effects will result from implementation of the project.
VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Efforts were undertaken early in the planning process to contact local officials to involve
them in the project development with scoping letters. For this bridge replacement study,
all of the alternatives will provide for the maintenance of traffic on-site during
construction of the replacement structure. There are minimal impacts to surrounding
properties and no anticipated relocatees. Therefore, no formal public involvement
program was initiated. However, a newsletter was sent to the local residents to inform
them of the project.
IX. AGENCY COMMENTS
Agency comments are summarized below. Letters from the commenting agencies are
included in the Appendix.
1. United States Department of the Interior Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS)
Comment: ':. , we recommend conducting habitat assessments and surveying any
suitab/e habitat prior to any further p/arming. "
Response: No suitable habitats occur within the project study area for the federally
listed species known to occur in Caldwell County except dwarf-flowered heartleaf
(Hexasty/is naniflora). A survey was conducted for this species during the blooming
season and no specimens were found.
2. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC)
Comment: 'A moratorium prohibiting in stream work is recommended from May 1 to
1u/y IS to protect the egg and fry stages ofsma//mouth bass "
Response: A moratorium will be observed as noted in the special Project
Commitments.
T.I.P. No. 8-4054 Page 19
Caldwell County

3. North Carolina Department of Environment & Natural Resources -Division of Water
Quality (NCDENR - DWQ)
Comment: ':4 moratorium prohibiting in stream work and /and disturbance within the
25-foot trout bu19`er is recommended from October IS to April 15 ... There are 30-
foot vegetated buffer requirements in WS waters in addition to the requirements to
minimize storm water runoff and maximum use of BMPs "
Response: According to the NCWRC's District Biologist, there are no trout in the
Yadkin River in the project vicinity. Therefore, the trout buffer is not required.
However, since smallmouth bass are present, the NCWRC has requested that a
moratorium from May 1 to July 15 be observed to protect the egg and fry stages. In
addition, the Yadkin River is not a IV water; therefore the 30-foot vegetative buffer
does not apply.
X. REFERENCES
[AOU] American Ornithologist's Union. 1998. AOU Checklist of North American Birds, Seventh
Edition. AOU, Washington, DC.
Amoroso, J.L. 2002. Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina. North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh, NC.
Burt, William H. and R. P. Gossenheider. 1976. A Field Guide to the Mammals. Houghton Mifflin
Company, Boston, MA.
Conant, R. 1958. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North
America. Houghton Mifflin Publishing, Boston, MA.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. Prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
United States Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
Duncan, Wilbur H. and M. B. Duncan. 1999. Wildflowers of the Eastern United States.
University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA.
GA1988. Trees of the Southeastern United States. University of Georgia Press, Athens,
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. United States Army Corps of Engineers. Wetlands Delineation
Manual, Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Army Engineer Waterways Experiment
Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Farrand, J., Jr. 1993. Audubon Society Guide to Animal Tracks of North America. Chanticleer
Press, New York City, New York.
Griffith, G.E., J.M. Omemik, J.A. Comstock, M.P. Schafale, W.H. McNab, D.R. Lenat, T.F.
MacPherson, J.B. Glover, and V.B. Shelburne, 2002. Ecoregions of North Carolina and
South Carolina. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Reston, VA.
Hemmerly, Thomas E. 2000. Appalachian Wildflowers. University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA.
Justice, W. S. and C.R. Bell. 1968. Wild Flowers of North Carolina. University of North Carolina
Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Lammert, M., J. Higgens, D. Grossman and M. Bryer. 1997. A Classification Framework for
Freshwater Communities: Proceedings of the Nature Conservancy's Aquatic Community
Classification Workshop. New Haven, M0.
LeGrand, Jr., H.E. and S.P. Hall. 2001. Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Animal Species of
North Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh, NC.
Martof, B.S., W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey, and J.R. Harrison III. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles of
the Carolinas and Virginias. University of Chapel Hill Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Page 20 T.I.P. No. 8-4054
Caldwell County

[NCCGIA] North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. 2001. BasinPro Million-
Acre Edition. NCCGIA, Raleigh, NC.
[NCDENR] North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water
Quality. 2003(a). Basinwide Information Management System, Release 5.3, Build 21,
NCDENR, Raleigh, NC. <http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/bims/Reports/reports.html>.
----------- Division of Water Quality. 2003(b). Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basinwide Water Quality
Plan. NCDENR, Raleigh, NC.
----------- 2001. Internal Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina. NCDENR, Raleigh,
NC.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality.
2003(b). Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basinwide Water Quality Plan. NCDENR, Raleigh, NC.
[NCDOT] North Carolina Department of Transportation. 1999. Best Management Practices for
Bridge. Demolition and Removal. NCDOT, Raleigh, NC.
[NCGS] North Carolina Geological Survey, 1991. Geologic Map of North Carolina. Printed 1991
reprinted 1996. Raleigh, NC.
[NCNHP] North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, 2001. Element Occurrence List for Caldwell
County, North Carolina. North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation, Raleigh, NC. 2
June 2003. < http://www.ncsparks.net/nhp/rnunty.html>.
[NCWRC] North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission, 2003. Fishing Regulations and
Information. NCWRC, Raleigh, NC.
Palmer, W.M. and A.L. Braswell. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. University of North Carolina
Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Peterson, Roger Tory. 2002. A Field Guide to the Birds of Eastern and Central North America.
5`~' Edition. Houghton Mifflin, New York, New York.
Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. The
University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Robbins, C.S., B. Bruun and H.S. Zim. 1966. A Guide to Field Identification of Birds of North
America. Western Publishing, Racine, WI.
Rosgen, Dave. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildlands Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, CO.
Rohde, F. C., R. G. Arndt, D. G. Lindquist, and J. P. Parnell, 1994. Freshwater Fishes of the
Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. The University of North Carolina Press,
Chapel Hill, NC.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North
Carolina Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh, NC.
Smith, Richard M. 1998. Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains. The University of Tennessee
Press, Knoxville, TN.
[USDA] United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1995.
Hydric Soils of North Carolina. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1989. Soil
Survey of Caldwell County, North Carolina.
[USFWS] United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 2003. Caldwell County Endangered Species,
Threatened Species and Federal Species of Concern. United States Department of
Interior, Washington, DC. 2 June 2003, < http://nc-es.fws.gov/>.
----------- 1999. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants 50 CFR 17.11 and 17.12. United
States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
----------- 1992 (updated 1996). Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United
States (The Red Book). United States Fish and Wildlife Service Southeastern Region,
ANanta, GA.
Wherry, E.T. 1995. The Fern Guide to Northeastern and Midland United States and adjacent
Canada. Dover Publications, New York, NY.
T,I.P. No. 8-4054 Page 21
Caldwell County

FIGURES
Figure 1 Vicinity Map
Figure 2-1 Photographs
Figure 2 2 Photographs
figure 2 3 Photographs
Figure 2-4 Photographs
Figure 3 Typica/Section
Fgure 4A P/an mew A/temative 1
Figure 4B Plan View Alternative 2
Figure 5 Natural Communities and Surface Waters
Figure 6 FEMA 100-year Food Map

0.25 0 0.25 0.5 MILES

VIEW OF SOUTH-
WESTERN APPROACH
VIEW OF NORTHEAST-
ERN APPROACH
I ~~ ...JJ~ ~ DBP OF ~ ~ ON I
CALDWELL COI7IVTY TIPNO. B-4054
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Figure 2-s

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PHOT~RAPHS
Figure 2-3

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CALDWFr"r. OOUNlY TIPNO. B-4054
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Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Cazolina 27699-i 548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
Subject: Proposed Bridge Replacement Projects in Alexander, Alleghany, Avery, Burke,
Caldwell, McDowell, Watauga, and Wilkes Counties, North Cazolina
We have reviewed the subject projects and are providing the following comments in accordance
with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 661-667e), and section 7 of
the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act).
The information we received for these projects includes brief descriptions of the proposed
alternatives, but not the structures that will replace the existing bridges, nor does it include any
environmental information regarding the streams or whether habitat assessments or surveys for
rare species have been conducted for any of these projects. Therefore, our comments are limited
primarily to the known locations of listed species and federal species of concern. When the
categorical exclusions are prepared and more information is available regazduig environmental
effects, we can offer more substantive comments.
Enclosed are species lists from the eight counties included in this package. These lists provide
the names of species on the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants and
federal species of concern. Federal species of concern are not legally protected under the Act and
are not subject to any of its provisions, including section 7, unless they are formally proposed or
listed as endangered or threatened. We are including these species in our response to give you
advance notification and to request your assistance in protecting them if any aze found in the
vicinity of your projects. Our records indicate the following:

McDowell County -Projects B-4190 (Log No. 42-03-449), B-4191 (L.og
No. 4-2-03-451), and B-4189 (I.og No. 4-2-03-452); Alexander County -Project
B-4005 (I.og No. 4-2-03-453); and Caldwell County -Project B-4054 (I.og
No. 4-2-03-454). Our records for these counties and project areas indicate no
known locations of listed species in the project areas. However, we recommend
conducting habitat assessments and surveying any suitable habitat in the project
areas for these species prior to any further planning or on-the-ground activities to
ensure that no adverse impacts occur to them.
Avery County -Project B-3608 (Log No. 4-2-03-455) and Wilkes
County -Project B-4325 (I,og No. 42-03-45~. Our records indicate known .
locations for the threatened (due to similarity of appearance) bog turtle (Clemmys
muhlenbergii~ near these projects. Habitat assessments and surveys of suitable
habitat should be conducted in the project areas for this species. If the bog turtle
occurs in the project areas, it should be protected from impacts.
Alleghany County -Project B-4008 (I.og No. 4-2-03-457). Our records indicate
known locations of the threatened (due to similarity of appearance) bog turtle
(Clemmys muhlenbergir~ and a federal species ofconcern--gray's lily (Lillium
grayi~--near this project. Habitat assessments and surveys of suitable habitat
should ~be conducted in the project area for these species. If they occur in the
project azea, they should be protected from impacts.
Watauga County -Project B-4315 (L.og No. 4-2-03-458). Our records indicate
known locations for the green floater mussel (Lasmigona subviridis) and Diana
fritillary butterfly (Speyeria Jana) (both of which aze federal species of concern)
near the project azea. Habitat assessments and surveys of suitable habitat should
be conducted in the project area for these species. If they occur in the project
azea, they should be protected from impacts.
Burke County -Project B-4042 (Log. No. 42-03-459). Our records indicate
known locations of the brook floater mussel (Alasmidonta varicosa) (a federal
species of concern) neaz the project area. Habitat assessments and surveys of
suitable habitat should be conducted in the project area for this species and other
native freshwater mussels. If native freshwater mussels aze found to occur in the
project area, they should be protected from impacts.
We are interested in the types of structures that will replace these existing bridges and would
recommend spanning structures, preferably bridges, in all cases. In addition, off-site detours aze
preferable to temporary on-site crossings to reduce stream-bank disturbance. We look forward to
reviewing the completed categorical exclusion documents.

If you have questions about these comments, please contact Ms. Marella Buncick of our staff at
828/258-3939, Ext. 237. In any future correspondence concerning these projects, please
reference our log numbers assigned above to each project with our comments.
Sincerely;
~~yo
rian P. Cole
Field Supervisor
Enclosure
cc:
Mr. Steve Lund, U,S. Army Corps of Engineers, Asheville Regulatory Field Office, 151 Patton
Avenue, Room 208, Asheville, NC 28801-5006
Ms. Marla J. Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, 12275 Swift Road, Oakboro, NC 28129
Ms. Cynthia Van Der Wiele, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Division of Water Quality, Wetlands Section, 1621 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC
27699-1621

ENDANGERED, THREATENED, AND CANDIDATE SPECIES AND
FEDERAL SPECIES OF CONCERN, ALEXANDER, ALLEGHANY,
AVERY, BURKE, CALDWELL, McDOWELL, WATAUGA,
AND WILKES COUNTIES, NORTIi CAROLINA
This list was adapted from the North Carolina Natural,isieritage Program's County Species List. It is a
listing, for Alexander, Allegheny, Avery, Burke, Caldwell, McDowell, Watauga, and Wilkes Counties, of
North Carolina's federally listed and. proposed endangered, threatened, and candidate species. and Federal
species of concern (for a complete list of rare species in the state, please contact the North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program). The information in this list is compiled from a variety of sources, including
field surveys, museums and herbaria, literature, and persona! communications. The North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program's database is dynamic, with new records being added and old records being
revised as new information is received. Please note that this list cannot be considered a definitive record
of listed species and Federal species of concern, and it should not be considered a substitute for field
surveys.
Critical habitat: Critical habitat is noted, with a description, for the counties where it is designated or
ProP~-
Aqnatic species: Fishes and aquatic invertebrates are noted for counties where they are known to occur.
However, projects may have effects on downstream aquatic systems in adjacent
counties.
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
ALEXANDER COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bog turtle
Rafinesque's big-eared bat
Vascular Plants
Torrey's mountain-mint
Nonvascalar Plants
Keever's bristle-moss
ALLEGHANY COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bog turtle
Hellbender
Eastern small-footed myotis
Kanawha minnow
Invertebrates
Grayson crayfish ostracod
Pygmy scia~ketail
Diana fritillary butterfly
Regal fritillary butterfly
Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Corynorhinus rafinesquii FSC*
Pycnanthemum torrei FSC*
Orthotrichum keeverae FSC
Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Myotis (=subulatus) leibii FSC
Phenacobius teretulus FSC
Ascetocythere cosmeta FSC
Ophiogomphus howei FSC
Speyeria dome FSC
Speyeria idalia FSC
Jamurry lY, lUU3 Page 1 of 6

COMMON NAME SCIENTIItIC NAME STATUS
Vascular Plants
"Fen" sedge Carex sp. 2 'FSC
Cuthbert's turtlehead Chelone cuthbertii FSC
Tall lazkspur Delphinium exaltatum
b FSC*
Gray's lily Lilium grayi FSC
Sweet pinesap Monotropsis odorata FSC*
Cazolina saxifrage Sax~aga caroliniana FSC
Nonvascular Plants
Keever's bristle-moss Orthotrichum keeverae FSC
AVERY COUNTY
Critical Habitat Designation: Spruce-fir moss spider, Microhexura montivaga -
Critical habitat designated (see the July 6, 2001, Federal Register, 66:35547-3566).
Vertebrates
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl Aegolius acadicus FSC
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Virginia big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii Endangered
Hellbender
Blotched chub
Carolina northern flying squirrel
Southern Appalachian red crossbill
Southern rock vole
Eastern. small-footed bat
Allegheny woodrat
Southern Appalachian black-capped
chickadee
Southern water shrew
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied
sapsucker
Appalachian cottontail
Appalachian Bewick's wren
Invertebrates
Grayson crayfish ostracod
Spruce-fir moss spider
Diana fritillary butterfly
Regal fritillary butterfly
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir
Mountain bittercress
Cuthbert's turtlehead
Tall larkspur _
Bent evens
Spreading evens
virginianus
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Erimystax insignis FSC
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Endangered
Loxia curvirostra FSC
Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis FSC
Myotis leibii FSC
Neotoma magister FSC
Poecite atricapillus practicus FSC
Sorex palustris punctulatus FSC
Sphyrapicus varius appalaciensis FSC
S~lvilagus obscures FSC
Thryomanes bewickii altos FSC
Ascetocythere cosmeta FSC
~crohexura montivaga Endangered
Speyeria diana FSC
Speyeria idalia FSC
Abies fraseri FSC
Cardamine clematitis FSC
Chelone cuthbertii FSC
Delphinium exaltatum FSC*
Geum geniculatum FSC
Geum radiatum Endangered
January 29, 2003 Page 2 of 6

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Roan Mountain bluet Houstonia montana Endangered
Butternut Juglans ctnerea FSC
Heller's blazing star Liatris helleri Threatened
Gray's lily Lilium grayi FSC
Bog bluegrass Poa paludigena FSC
Cazolina saxifrage Sax~aga caroliniana FSC
Blue Ridge goldenrod Solidago spithamaea Threatened
Nonvascular Plants
Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineare Endangered
A liverwort Plagiochila sullivantii vaz. sullivantii FSC
A liverwort Plagiochila virginica var. caroliniana FSC
A liverwort Sphenolobopsis pearsonii FSC
BURKE COUNTY
Critical Habitat Designation: Moantain golden heather, Hudsonia montana -The
area bounded by the following: on the west by the 2200' contour, on the east by the
Linville Gorge Wilderness Boundary north from the intersection of the 2200' contour and
the ShortoffMountain Trail to where it intersects the 3400' contow at "The Chimneys"--
then follow the 3400' contour north until it reintersects the Wilderness Boundary--then
follow the Wilderness Boundary again northward until it intersects the 3200' contour
extending west from its intersection with the Wilderness Boundary until it begins to turn
south-at this point the Boundary extends due east until it intersects the 2200' contour.
Vertebrates
Bog turtle
Rafinesque's big-eared bat
Bald eagle
Southern Appalachian woodrat
Alleghany woodrat
Invertebrates
Brook floater
Edmund's snaketail dragonfly
Pygmy snaketail dragonfly
Diana fritillary butterfly
Vascular Plants
Cuthbert's turtlehead
Spreading avens
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf
Mountain golden heather
Small whorled pogonia
$utternut -
Heller's blazing star
Sweet pinesap
Carolina saxifrage
Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Corynorhinus rafinesquii FSC
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Threatened-
(proposed for delisting)
Neotoma floridana haematoreia FSC
Neotoma magister FSC
Alasmidonta varicosa FSC
Ophiogomphus edmundo FSC*
Ophiogomphus howei FSC
Speyeria Jana FSC
Chelone cuthbertii FSC
Geum radiatum Endangered
Hexastylis nan~ora Threatened
Hudsonia montana Threatened
Isotria medeoloides Threatened
Juglans cinerea FSC
Liatris helleri Threatened
Monotropsis odorata FSC
Sax~aga caroliniana FSC
Jamtary 29, 2003 Page 3 of 6

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Nonvascular Plants
A liverwort Cephaloziella obtusilobula FSC*
A liverwort Plagiochila sullivantii var. spinigera FSC
A liverwort Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii FSC
A liverwort Porella watarige»sis FSC*
McDOWELL COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus borealis FSC
Cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea FSC
Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Threatened
(proposed for delisting)
Southern Appalachian woodrat Neotoma floridana haematoreia FSC*
Alleghany woodrat Neotoma magister FSC
Invertebrates
Bennett's Mill Cave water slater Caecidotea carolinensis FSC
Diana fritillary butterfly Speyeria diana FSC
Vascular Plants
Roan sedge Carex roanenis FSC
Cuthbert's turtlehead Chelone cuthbertii FSC
Tall larkspur Delphinium exaltatum FSC**
Mountain golden heather Hudsonia montana Threatened
Rocky shoal spider lily Hymenocallis coronaria FSC
Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides Threatened
Butternut Juglans cinerea FSC
Gray's lily Cilium grayi FSC
Sweet pinesap 1~fonotropsis odorata FSC
Northern Oconee-bells Shortia galacifolia var. brevistyla FSC
WATAUGA COUNTY
Critical Habitat Designation: Spruce-fir moss spider, Microhexura montivaga -
Critical habitat designated (see the 3uly 6, 2001, Federal Register, 66:35547-35566).
Vertebrates
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl
Bog turtle
Hellbender
Cerulean warbler
Carolina northern flying squirrel
Southern Appalachian red crossbill
Alleghany woodrat _
Southern Appalachian black-capped
chickadee -
Kanawhaminnow
Southern water shrew
Aegolius acadicus FSC
Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Dendroica cerulea FSC
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Endangered
Loxia curvirostra FSC
Neotoma magister FSC*
Poecile atricapillus practices FSC
Phenacobius teretulus FSC
Sorex palustris punctulatus FSC*
January 29, 2003 Page 4 of 6

r
COMMON NAME ,SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied
sapsucker
Appalachian cottontail
Invertebrates
Green floater
Spruce-fir moss spider
Diana fritillary butterfly
Vascular Plants
Sphyrapicus varius appalaciensis FSC
S~Ivilagus obscurus FSC*
,~
Lasmigona subviridis FSC
l~crohexura montivaga Endangered
Speyeria Jana FSC
Fraser fir Abies fraseri FSC
Mountain bittercress Cardamine clematitis FSC
Tall lazkspur Delphinium exaltatum FSC
Glade spurge Euphorbiapurpurea FSC**
Bent avens Geum geniculatum FSC
Spreading avens Geum radiatum ~ Endangered
Roan Mountain bluet Houstonia montana Endangered
Butternut Juglans cinerea FSC
Heller's blazing staz Liatris helleri Threatened
Gray's lily Lilium grayi FSC
Bog bluegrass Poa paludigena FSC*
Nonvascular Plants
A liverwort Porella wataugensis FSC*
WILKES COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea FSC
Invertebrates
Diana fritillary butterfly Speyeria dana FSC
Regal fritillary butterfly Speyeria idalia FSC
Vascular Plants
Butternut Juglans cinerea FSC
Torrey's mountain-mint Pycnanthemum torrei FSC*
Nonvascular Plants
Keever's bristle-moss Orthotrichum keeverae FSC
KEY:
Status Definition
Endangered A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
Threatened A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its range."
January 29, 2003 Page S of 6

FSC A Federal species of concern-a species that may or may not be listed in the future (formerly
C2 candidate species or species under consideration for listing for which there is insufficient
information to support listing).
T(S/A) Threatened due to similarity of appearance (eg., American alligator)--a species that is
threatened due to similarity of appearance with other rare species and is listed for its protection.
These species are not biologically endangered or threatened and are not subject to Section 7
consultation. '
Species with 1, 2, 3, or 4 asterisks behind them indicate historic, obscure, or incidental rewrds.
*Historic record -the species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
**Obscure record -the date and/or location of observation is uncertain.
***IncidentaUmigrant record -the species was observed outside of its normal range or habitat.
****Historic record -obscure and incidental record.
'In the November 4, 1997, Federal Register (55822-55825), the northern population of the bog turtle (from New
York south to' Maryland) was listed as T (threatened), and the southern population (from Virginia south to Georgia)
was listed as T(S/A) (threatened due to similarity of appearance). The T(S/A) designation bans the collection and
interstate and international commercial trade of bog turtles from the southern population. The T(S/A) designation
has no effect on land-management activities by private landowners in North Carolina, part of the soudrem
population of the species. In addition to its official status as T(S/A), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service considers
the southern population of the bog turtle as a Federal species of concern due to habitat loss.
January 29, 2003 Page 6 oJ6

r

" U.S. Department of .agneuiture
FARMLAND CONVERSiCN IMPACT RA~'1NG
PART 1 /To be cornorerro by -ederal Agency! I trace Ot L,nd Eva~wuon ~ievuasc 9 as 03
"yep f ~rol~~( O(~ (,,'.die esp. 33~t can SQ ! 5 t ~- ~ Ftotdl AyMCY IMOW/C ~-FE/U~?/~4'- NC~D i , / _ - -
Propa ro uno U:t`~~QT Y~ Countr ANN! swce~~lat{~~C~ ` /~l ~ --
1` p,~.~a.y t t~~~
PART U fTo be eomplerrd by SCS I Oast fiepua: Re/e~uvto ~ ICS ~n ~ ~ - -- - - -
J ~
Ooes ma site contain prime, unique, statewide or loaf important farmland? Yes Na
(1f no, the FPPA does nor apply - do not complete additions! parrs Of this fom11. ^ Aces lmyattd Avers9t Fsrm iii
Major Ctaols! FarenaWt Land In Govt, Jurisdiction
Acres: % Amoune Of Fermfand As O~tintey in FPPA
Acres: °.o
Nen+t Ot Una Eva~u+cwn SrscM+ Us.d Wn+e Ot loesl Sits Aatssment Svstten Oate Und Evafwtion fR~evrn«! By SCS -
-- _

AIt_tinsnve -
tt at~nq ___
PART 111 (To be completed by Federal Agency!
S:n A
- __
Sat B
Sits C Sae D- -
--
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly _
8. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly
-----
- ------ - -
C. Total Acres In Site
_ -
- --
-
PART IV (Ta be con7p/tted by SCSI Land Evalwtion Infomution ~
- - --
~ _
--- - -
- -
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland _ _ _ __ ~
B. Total Acres Statewide And local Important Farmland _~ ___
C. Percentage Of Farmland In County Or Lop! Gorr Unit To Ba Converted

-

-
--
-
- -

O. Pertentagt Ot Farn+tuW In Govt. Jurisdieaon qtr Sant Or Nigher Reiatiw Valut

- - - - -

---
PART V (To be compered by SCS! Land Evalwtion Criterion
• Relatives Value Of Farmland To Be Converted (Sca/tafOtn t0i0Poiretsl
PART V I (To bs completed bV Federal A9encYl
S'iits Assessment Criteria 177rtse eriestris are t~tplaineelJn 7 CFR 638.S1b/ INaxin+unt
Poi+t6
_ _, _ ~ - -- -
t. Area In Nonurban Use
2 Perimeter In Nonurt>an Use
3. Percent Of Site Being Farmed
4. Protection Provided 8y Snte And Loa! Government
5. Distance From Urban Builtup Ara
6. Oistarlces To Urban Support Services
7. Size Ot Present Farm Unit Comwr+ed To Ar
8. Creation Of Nonfarrruble Farmland
9. Availabiii Ot Farm Su rt Services
T0. On-Farm Investments
tt. Effaces Of Conversion On Farm Support Servioa
i2 Com atibili With Existin A 'cultural Use
TOTAL. SITE ASSESSMENT POINTS 160
aART VII (To bs comp/erad by Fedeas/ Agevfcyl
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V1 100
oral Site Assessment ( tom Parr Vl abovr ores local
site assessment! - ~~
- TOTAL POINTS (_Toral'ofabow 2linesl 160_
Rs P1 bOV7f .l«ta ~~m•a h~•
a'cLt Selected: Om Of Sdcction _Yas ~ No ^
4~eson For St~tct~on: - _

A
~~-~~n~r;i~.~»~N. d4by A~y111~1(U; :('f):`A';t'~.i dilTRi-+~tl finV~~, ktlr~xviH~? i~y~nw;;~:~~ ii'u)"?~1•t')7
September 12, 2003
Grebory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mai! Service ('enter
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
near Ur. Thorpe:
~~
3$ ~S
~ ~
.~~-
RE(~UEST FUR COMMENTS UN BRIDGE REPLACEMENT' PRUJCCTS B-4042, B-4054. B-
4189, B-4190, AND B-4101, YADKIN AND CATAWBA RIVER WATERSHEDS, BURKF.,
CALDWELL, AND MCDUWELL COUNTIES, NORTH CAR(~LIN;~
TVA has reviewed the project descriptions provided in your letters of August 18, 2003, on the
proposed bridge replacements in Burke, Caldwell, and McDowell Counties. It appears that there
is no TVA permit or other TVA involvement associated with these projects:
• B-4042, Bridge #274 on SR 1248 over Canoe Creek, Burke County
• B-4054, Bridge #334 on SR 1517 over Yadkin River, Caldwell County
• B-4189, Bridge #49 on NC 226 over South Muddy Creek, McDowell County
• B-4190, Bridge #37 on NC 226 over Hopper Creek, McDowell County
• B-4191, Bridge #82 on NC 226 over Jacktown Creek, McDowell County
Should you have any questions, please contact Harold M. Draper at [phone] or
[e-mail].
Sincerely,
~%
Jon M~ Mafiager
NEPA Administration
Environmental Policy and Planning
cc: Mr. John Sullivan, Division Administrator
Federal Highway Adnunistration
310 New Bern Avenue, Suite 410
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601

- s ~ 'i

RFC
~~ ~~
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~~`~~~~r~'td 1 "~`S ,~
.dv ~.,
® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
Charles R. Fullwood, Executi~~e lli; cctor
TO: Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch, NCDOT
FROM: Marla Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator ~ ~~G, _ ~'
Habitat Conservation Program, NCWRC '~
DATE: November 5, 2003
SUBJECT: Scoping review of NCDOT's proposed bridge replacement projects B-4008, B-
3608, B-4054, B-4315, B-4325, B-4189, B-4190, B-4191, B-4042, and B-4005 in
Alexander, Allegheny, Avery, Caldwell, Burke, McDowell, Watauga, and Wilkes,
Counties.
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has requested comments from
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) regarding impacts to fish and
wildlife resources resulting from the subject projects. Staffbiologists have reviewed the
information provided and have the following preliminary comments. These comments are
provided in accordance with the provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C.
4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C.
661-667d).
Our standard recommendations for bridge replacement projects of this scope are as
follows:
We generally prefer spanning structures. Spanning structures usually do not require work
within the stream and do not require stream channel realignment. The horizontal and
vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for human and wildlife passage beneath
the structure, does not block fish passage, and does not block navigation by canoeists and
boaters.
2. Bridge deck drains should not discharge directly into the stream
3. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the stream.
4. If possible, bridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.
Mailing Address: Divis;~n of Inland.Fisheries • 1721 A41i1 Serrirr Cc~r.te~r • lZ.tlri~;h, NC 2?699-172 i
Telephone: [phone] rt;t. 22;1 • 1=tx: (91'?) ; t i-763

Bridge Scopings: Alexander, Alleghany, Avery, 2
Burke, Caldwell, McDowell, Watauga, Wilkes Co.'s
November 5, 2003
5. If temporary access roads or detours are constructed, they should be removed back to
original ground elevations immediately upon the completion of the project. Disturbed
azeas should be seeded or mulched to stabilize the soil and native tree species should be
planted with a spacing of not more than 10'x10'. If possible, when using temporary
structures the area should be cleared but not grubbed. Clearing the area with chain saws,
mowers, bush-hogs, or other mechanized equipment and leaving the stumps and root mat
intact, allows the azea to revegetate naturally and minimizes disturbed soil.
6. A clear bank (riprap free] area of at least 10 feet should remain on each side of the steam
underneath the bridge.
7. In trout waters, the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission reviews all U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers nationwide and general `404' permits. We have the option of requesting
additional measures to protect trout and trout habitat and we can recommend that the
project require an individual `404' permit.
8. In streams that contain threatened or endangered species, Mr. Hal Bain with the NCDOT
- ONE should be notified. Special measures to protect these sensitive species may be
required. NCDOT should also contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for information
on requirements of the Endangered Species Act as it relates to the project.
9. In streams that are used by anadromous fish, the NCDOT official policy entitled "Stream
Crossing Guidelines for Anadromous Fish Passage (May 12, 1997)" should be followed.
10. In areas with significant fisheries for sunfish, seasonal exclusions may also be
recommended.
11. Sedimentation and erosion control measures sufficient to protect aquatic resources must
be implemented prior to any ground disturbing activities. Structures should be
maintained regularly, especially following rainfall events.
12. Temporary or permanent herbaceous vegetation should be planted on all bare soil within
15 days of ground disturbing activities to provide long-term erosion control.
13. All work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work azea.
Sandbags, rock berms, cofferdams, or other diversion structures should be used where
possible to prevent excavation in flowing water.
14. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank rather than in stream channels in
order to minimize sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutants
into streams.
] 5. Only clean, sediment-free rock should be used as temporary fill (causeways), and should
be removed without excessive disturbance of the natural stream bottom when
construction is completed.

Bridge Scopings: Alexander, Alleghany, Avery, 3
Burke, Caldwell, McDowell, Watauga, Wilkes Co.'s
November 5, 2003
16. During subsurface investigations, equipment should be inspected daily and maintained to
prevent contamination of swface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids,
or other toxic materials.
If corrugated metal pipe arches, reinforced concrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are
used:
1. The culvert must be designed to allow for aquatic life and fish passage. Generally, the
culvert or pipe invert should be buried at least 1 foot below the natural streambed
(measured from the natural thalweg depth). If multiple barrels are required, barrels other
than the base flow barrel(s) should be placed on or near stream bankfull or floodplain
bench elevation (similar to Lyonsfield design). These should be reconnected to
floodplain benches as appropriate. This may be accomplished by utilizing sills on the
upstream end to restrict or divert flow to the base flow barrel(s). Silled barrels should be
filled with sediment so as not to cause noxious or mosquito breeding conditions.
Sufficient water depth should be provided in the base flow barrel during low flows to
accommodate fish movement. If culverts are longer than 40-50 linear feet, alternating or
notched baffles should be installed in a manner that mimics existing stream pattern. This
should enhance aquatic life passage: 1) by depositing sediments in the barrel, 2) by
maintaining channel depth and flow regimes, and 3) by providing resting places for fish
and other aquatic organisms. In essence, the base flow barrel(s) should provide a
continuum of water depth and channel width without substantial modifications of
velocity.
2. if multiple pipes or cells are used, at least one pipe or box should be designed to remain
dry during normal flows to allow for wildlife passage.
3. Culverts or pipes should be situated along the existing channel alignment whenever
possible to avoid channel realignment. Widening the stream channel must be avoided.
Stream channel widening at the inlet or outlet end of structures typically decreases water
velocity causing sediment deposition that requires increased maintenance and disrupts
aquatic life passage.
4. Riprap should not be placed in the active thalweg channel or placed in the streambed in a
manner that precludes aquatic life passage. Bioengineering boulders or structures should
be professionally designed, sized,. and installed.
In most cases, we prefer the replacement of the existing structure at the same location
with road closure. If road closure is not feasible, a temporary detour should be designed and
located to avoid wetland impacts, minimize the need for clearing and to avoid destabilizing
stream banks. If the structure will be on a new alignment, the old structure should be removed
and the. approach fills removed from the 100-year floodplain. Approach fills should be removed
down to the natural ground elevation. The area should be stabilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. Tall fescue should not be used in riparian areas. If the area that is reclaimed

Bridge Scopings: Alexander, Allegheny, Avery, 4
Burke, Caldwell, McDowell, Watauga, Wilkes Co.'s November 5, 2003
was previously wetlands, NCDOT should restore the azea to wetlands. If successful, the site may
be used as wetland mitigation for the subject project or other projects in the watershed.
Project specific comments:
1. B-4005, Alexander Co., Bridge No.70 over Grassy Creek on SR 1331. Grassy Creek is Class
C waters. Santee chub (Cyprinella zanema), state Significantly Rare (SR), and brook floater
(Alasmidonta varicose), Federal Species of Concern (FSC) and state Threatened (T), may be
present downstream in the Lower Little River. No special concerns indicated at this time in
the project vicinity. Standard requirements should apply.
2. B-4008, Alleghany Co., Bridge No. 39 over Little River on SR 1193. Little River is
classified as C Trout and is Hatchery Supported (HS) Designated Public Mountain Trout
Waters (DPMTW). The Kanawha minnow (Phenacobius teretulus), FSC and state Special
Concern (SC); Kanawha darter (Etheostoma kanawhae), state SR; tonguetied minnow
(Exoglossum !aurae), state SR; and bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergir~, state T and federal
Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance, may occur in the project area or downstream. A
moratorium prohibiting in-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot trout buffer is
recommended from October 15 to April 15 to protect the egg and fiy stages of trout.
Sediment and erosion control measures should adhere to the design standards for sensitive
watersheds. The bridge should be replaced with another spanning structure.
3. B-3608, Avery Co., Bridge No. 44 over North Toe River on US 19E. The North Toe River is
classified as WS-III Trout and is HS DPMTW with excellent rainbow and brown trout
habitat. The blotched chub (Erimystax insignis), FSC and state SR, occurs in the project
area. Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana), federal and state Endangered (E), and
wavy-rayed lampmussel (Lampsilisfasciola), state SC, occur in the North Toe River
downstream of Spruce Pine, NC. A moratorium prohibiting in-stream work and land
disturbance within the 25-foot trout buffer is recommended from October 15 to April 15 to
protect the egg and fry stages of trout. Sediment and erosion control measures should adhere
to the design standards for sensitive watersheds. The bridge should be replaced with another
spanning structure.
4. B-4042, Burke Co., Bridge No. 274 over Canoe Creek on SR 1248. Canoe Creek is Class C
water. No special concerns indicated. Standard requirements should apply.
5. B-4054, Caldwell Co., Bridge No. 334 over the Yadkin River on SR 1517 (Whisnant Road).
The Yadkin River, although classified as C Trout, supports smallmouth bass in the project
area. A moratorium prohibiting in-stream work is recommended from May 1 to July 15 to
protect the egg & fry stages of smallmouth bass.
6. B-4189, McDowell Co., Bridge No. 49 over South Muddy Creek on NC 226. South Muddy
Creek is Class C waters and is within the Muddy Creek drainage. Sediment and erosion
control is a major concern, as a watershed restoration project is under way to reduce negative
impacts to downstream resources, particularly in the Catawba River. Downstream of the
project azea, South Muddy Creek, Muddy Creek and the Catawba River have the WS=IV

Bridge Scopings: Alexander, Alleghany, Avery, 5
Burke, Caldwell, McDowell, Watauga, Wilkes Co.'s November 5, 2003
.~,
classification. Catawba River resources of concern include brown and rainbow trout
tailwater fisheries and state listed mussels, the notched rainbow (Villosa constricta), state SC,
and the creeper (Strophitus undulatus), state T, which are present near the mouth of Muddy
Creek. Sediment and erosion control measures should adhere to the design standards for
sensitive watersheds.
7. B-4190, McDowell Co., Bridge No. 37 over Hoppers Creek on NC 226. Hoppers Creek is
Class C waters and is within the Muddy Creek drainage. Sediment and erosion control is a
major concern, as a watershed restoration project is under way to reduce negative impacts to
downstream resources, particularly in the Catawba River. Downstream of the project area,
Hoppers Creek, South Muddy Creek, Muddy Creek and the Catawba River have the WS-IV
classification. Catawba River resources of concern include brown and rainbow trout
tailwater fisheries and state listed mussels, the notched rainbow (Villosa constricta), state SC,
and the creeper (Strophitus undulatus), state T, which are present near the mouth of Muddy
Creek. Sediment and erosion control measures should adhere to the design standards for
sensitive watersheds.
8. B-4191, McDowell Co., Bridge No. 82 over Jacktown Creek on NC 226. Jacktown Creek is
Class C waters and is within the Muddy Creek drainage. Sediment and erosion control is a
major concern, as a watershed restoration project is under way to reduce negative impacts to
downstream resources, particularly in the Catawba River. Dov~~nstream of the project area,
North Muddy Creek, Muddy Creek and the Catawba River have the WS-IV classification.
Catawba River resources of concern include brown and rainbow trout tailwater fisheries and
state listed rnusseLs, the notched rainbow (Villosa constricta), state SC, and the creeper
(Strophitus undulatus), state T, which are,present near the mouth of Muddy Creek. Sediment
and erosion control measures should adhere to the design standards for sensitive watersheds.
9. B-4315, Watauga Co., Bridge No. 62 over Bairds Creek on NC 194. Bairds Creek is Class C
waters and flows into the Watauga River, classified as B Trout HQW, not far from the
project site. Trout may occur in the project area. The green floater (Lasmigor~ subviridis),
FSC and state E, is present in the Watauga River downstream of the project. Sediment and
erosion control measures should adhere to the design standards for sensitive watersheds.
10. B-4325, Wilkes Co., Bridge No. 718 over Middle Fork Reddies River on SR 1580. Middle
Fork Reddies River is classified WS-II Trout and is HS DPMTW from the project site
upstream. Both trout and smallmouth bass are present. At this time, a moratorium
prohibiting in-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot trout buffer is anticipated
from October 15 to April 15 to protect the egg and fry stages of trout. Sediment and erosion
control measures should adhere to the design standards for sensitive watersheds. The bridge
should be replaced with another spanning structure.
We request that NCDOT routinely minimize adverse impacts to fish and wildlife
resources in the vicinity of bridge replacements. The NCDOT should install and maintain
sedimentation control measures throughout the life of the project and prevent wet concrete from
contacting water in or entering into these streams. Replacement of bridges with spanning
structures of some type, as opposed to pipe or box culverts, is recommended in most cases.

Bridge Scopings: Alexander, Allegheny, Avery, 6
Burke, Caldwell, McDowell, Watauga, Wilkes Co.'s
November 5, 2003
Spanning structures allow wildlife passage along streambanks, reducing habitat fragmentation
and vehicle related mortality at highway crossings.
If you need further assistance or information on NCWRC concerns regarding bridge
replacements, please contact me at [phone]. Thank you for the opportunity to review and
comment on these projects.
~~
cc: Cynthia Van Der Wiele, NC D WQ
Mazella Buncick, USFWS
Sarah McRae, NC NHP

~OF SAT ~qP
~O ~
>_~'i
O ~
__
Oc ~ , 2003
MEM "~ n'~ n ~n
ORANDUM ~ o z° .-,
~ ~~ ,a m
TO: Gregory J. Thotpe, PhD, Director ~ ~ ~z <
NCDOT Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branc ~ ~ ~ ~° ~:
~ f ~F`~ . .
FROM: Robert Ridings, Env. Tech., DWQ 401 Unit/~~~ `' yRf~~-~
''~`Cr:
THROUGH: John R. Dorney, Supervisor, DWQ 401 Un t try
SUBJECT: Scoping Review of NCDOT's proposed bn replaceme rojects: B-4008, B-3608, B-4054,
B-4315, B-4325, B-4190, B-4189, B-4191, B-4042, and B-4005.
In reply to your correspondence dated August 18, 2003 (received August 28, 2003) to Cynthia Van der Wiele, in
which you requested comments for the referenced projects, the NC Division of Water Quality has the following
comments:
1. General Comments Re~ardint' Bridge Replacement Protects
1. If corrugated metal pipe arches, reinforced concrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are used to replace the
bridge, then DWQ recommends the use of Nationwide Permit No. 14 rather than Nationwide Permit 23.
2. Bridge demolition should be performed using Best Management Practices developed. by NCDOT.
3. DWQ prefers spanning structures. Spanning structures usually do not require work within the strcatn and do
not rcyuire stream channel realignment. "Tl~e horizontal and vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for
human and wildlife passage beneath the structure, does not bl(x:k fish passage, and dues not block navigation by
cancxists and boaters.
= Bridge deck drains should not discharge directly intn the stream; stormwater shrnlld he directed across the
bridge and pre-treatt:ci through site-appropriate means (grassed swaics. pre-formed scour holes, vcf;etatcd
huffers, etc.) belore entering the stream. Please refer to NCDO'I' Best Management Practices for the
Protection of Surface Waters
5. Live concrete should nut be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the stream. Concrete is mostly
made up of-lime (calcium carbonate) and when in a dry or wet state (not hardened) calcium carhunatc is very
soluble in water and has a pH of approximately I2. In an unhardcned state concrete or cement will change the
pH of fresh water to very basic and wilt cause fish and other macroinveriebrate kills.
G. if possible, bridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.
..._
7. If temporary access roads or detours are constructed, they should be removed back to original ground
elevations immediately upon the completion of the project. Disturbed areas should be seeded or mulched to
stabilize the soil and native tree species should be planted with a spacing of not more than 1(1'x10'. If
possible, when using temporary structures the area should be cleared but not grubbed. Clearing the area with
chain saws, mowers, bush-hugs, or other mechanized equipment and leaving the stumps and root mat intact.
allows the area to re-vegetate naturally and•minimizes disturbed soil.
- - - ~ NLD~
- ` ' Michael F. hastey. l,overnor
' William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
-North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
. Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
Colecn H. suui~s, Deputy Director
~,.•Ht+taielt.~water Quality
K (' Ihvulctn of Water Owllity. 4(H wetlands ('enilicrurin Unu.
IGSII Mad til'fYll'C ('cnlct. Rrkigh. N(' ~7(tr)4.IGSII IMallmg Addre~~1
231 ('rahlrcc Blvd . ltrlclRh. N('~7(AJ1-32(tll lt.ncauunl
Itlltll 7i; 17lcG lplxvtcl. Vl~l•7?3.6RQ; 11aa1. Iltllp //lt:~~ttiu ~Ltlc It. u~/ncv.~cllantl.t
(u~uanctScntrca t-K77-G2?d,7gl:

n
r
=`
'1
,. ~.
Federal Aid #BRZ-1517(3) TIP # B-4054 County: Caldwell
CONCURRENCE FORM FOR PROPERTIES NOT ELIGIBLE FOR
THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF ffiSTORIC PLACES
Project Description: Replace Bridge #334 on Whisnant Road over the Yadkin River.
On November 25, 2003, representatives of the
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
® Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
[]' North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (HPO)
Other
Reviewed the subject project at
Scoping meeting
®' Historic architectural resources photograph review session/consultation
Other
All parties present agreed.
® There are no properties over fifty years old within the project's area of potential effects.
n
® There aze no properties less than fifty years old which aze considered to meet Criteria Consideration G within the
project's area of potential effects.
There are properties over fifty years old within the project's Area of Potential Effects (APE), but based on the
historical information available and the photographs of each property, the property identified as
is considered not eligible for the National Register and no further
evaluation of it is necessary.
There are no National Register-listed or Study Listed properties within the project's azea of potential effects
© All properties greater than 50 years of age located in the APE have been considered at this consultation, and based
upon the above concurrence, all compliance for historic architecture with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a} has been completed for this project.
® There are no historic properties affected bythis project. (Attach arty notes or documents as needed)
p mow. ~- `1 i S i~-F's ~ ~.- l'ti .04- p C .
Signed:
~, z s p3
Representative, NCDOT Date
FHWA, for the Division Administrator, o ther Federal Agency Date
~ ij 11 ~~~
Representative, HPO Date
~~ t 25 D
State Historic Preservation Officer atP
If a survey report is prepared, a final copy of this form and the attached list will be included.

i
v
.e
~.
~~
•~ , 1914 Hickory Blvd SW
Lenoir, NC 28645
Caldwell County Schools Telephone [phone]
Fax [phone]
Donnie Basinger, Assistant Superintendent
September 5, 2003
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph. D., Director
N C Department of Transportation
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-6322
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
This is in response to your letter of August 28, 2003. The project is Caldwell County Bridge #334
on SR 1517 over the Yadkin River, TIP Project No. B-4054. Your letter requests feedback on the
impact of this bridge project.
Based on my information from our Bus Garage, this will not impact any of our buses traveling over
this bridge.
Sincerely,
M~~- \~
Donnie Bassinger
Assistant Superintendent
Caldwell County Schools

QF W A T F9 ~ w - - ' Michael F. rasley. t;ovemtx
e .h1 p William G. Ross )r., Secretary
a `0 G - North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
~ r . " ~ ~ Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
~ ~! Division of Water Quality
O "C Coleen H. Sullins, Deputy Direuor
/i ~ Water Quality
Oc ~ ~~ , 2003 ,fj
MEMORANDUM ~ ~~ o n n
t° ~-` ~ ~_
r p~ ~
rn z~
TO: Gregory 7. Thorpe, PhD, Director s ~ ~v a ~
NCDOT Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branc ='~o ~~ ~:~ O
,,~.
,~~'~ ..
FROM: Robert Ridings, Env. Tech., DWQ 401 Unit"'F-~"~'ry`~~J ~V y~•Ti~~~ -.
THROUGH: John R. Dorney, Supervisor, DWQ 401 Un tr(
SUBJECT: Scoping Review of NCDOT's proposed brl replaceme rojects: B-4008, B-3608, B-4054,
B-4315, B-4325, B-4190, B-4189, B-4191, B-4042, and B-4005.
In reply to your correspondence dated August 18, 2003 (received August 28, 2003) to Cynthia Van der Wiele, in
which you requested comments for the referenced projects, the NC Division of Water Quality has the following
comments:
/. General Comments Regarding Brl'd~-e Replacement Protects
1. If corrugated metal pipe arches, reinforced concrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are used to replace the
bridge, then DWQ recommends the use of Nationwide Permit No. 14 rather than Nationwide Permit 23.
2. Bridge demolition should be performed using Best Management Practices developed-by NCDOT.
3. DWQ prefers spanning structures. Spanning structures usually do not require work within the strcam and do
ltot rcyuire stream channel realignment. 'Tl~e horizontal and vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for
human and wil(Jlilc passage beneath the structure, does not bltxk fish passage, and d(x:s not block navigation by
can(x:ists and boaters.
=. Bridge deck drains should nol discharroc directly int(~ the strcam; st~rmwater should he directed across the
bridge and pre-treated through site-appropriate means ftrassul swalcs. pre-formed scour holes, vegetated
buffers, etc.) before entering the strcam. I'Ieasc refer to NCllO"T I3cst Management Practices for the
Vrotection of Surface Waters
5. Live concrete should not fxs allowed to contact the water in or entering into the strcam. Concrete is mostly
made up of lime (calcium carbonate) and when in a dry or wet state (not hardened) calcium carbonate is very
soluble in water and has a pH of approximately 12. In an unhardcned state concrete or cement will change the
pH of fresh water to very basic and will cause fish and other macroinveriebrate kills.
G. It possible, bridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.
7. If temporary access roads or detours are constructed, they should be removed back to original ground
elevations immediately upon the completion of the project. Disturbed areas should be seeded or mulched to
stabilize the soil and native tree species should be planted with a spacing of not more than 10'xl0'. if
possible, when using temporary structures the area should be cleared but not grubbed. Clearing the area with
chain saws, mowers, bush-hogs, or other mechanized equipment and leaving the stumps and root mat intact,
allows the arc:t to re-vegetate naturally and-minimizes disturbed soil.
- - M(.D~
K (' Ihvtstcut of Walcr (~twlity.4(H wctlantls ('criilicrtnm Unh.
lGStt Mad ticr~~tce Crntcr. ttalciFh. N(''76rNr.IG581Mathng Addret>r
~??.1 ('rahtrcc Itlvd..l(alctRh. N('1.7(Al.t-~2(dt(La><aUruu
1 rr l ~l t 7 i : 17X6 t phunc).'11r+•7??-6Xr-; I lr ~ r. Ihttl. t/h... ~•m .6uc n. u./nrw ctlanJ~ t
( u~uintcr tics trr a i -X77.(,? ;.(,7.th

•
8. A clear bank (rip rap-free) area of at least 10 feet should remain on each side of the steam underneath the
bridge.
9: Sedimentation and erosion control measures sufficient to protect water resources must be implemented prior
to any ground disturbing activities. Structures should be maintained regularly, especially following rainfall
events.
10. Bare soil should be stabilized through vegetation or other means as quickly as feasible to prevent sedimentation
of water resources.
11. All work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area. Sandbags, rock berms,
cofferdams, or other diversion structures should be used where possible to prevent excavation in flowing
water.
12. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank rather than in stream channels in order to minimize
sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutants into streams. This equipment should
be inspected daily and maintained to prevent contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants,
hydraulic fluids, or other toxic materials.
II. General Comments if Replacing the Bridee with a Culvert
1. The culvert must be designed to allow for aquatic life and fish passage. Generally, the culvert or pipe invert
should be buried at least I foot below the natural streambed (measured from the natural thalweg depth). If
multiple barrels are required, barrels other than the base flow barrel(s) should be placed on or near stream
bankfull or floodplain bench elevation (similar to Lyonsfield design). These should be reconnected to
floodplain benches as appropriate. This may be accomplished by utilizing sills on the upstream end to restrict
ur divert flow to the base Flow barrel(s). Silted barrels should be filled with sediment so as not to cause noxious
:~r mosquito breeding conditions. Sufficient water depth should be provided in the base Flow barrel during low
flows to accommodate fish movement. If culverts are longer than 40-50 linear feet, alternating or notched
baffles should be installed in a manner that mimics existing stream pattern. This should enhance aquatic life
passage: I) by depositing sediments in the barrel, 21 by maintaining channel depth and flow regimes, and 3) by
providing resting places for fish and other ayuatic organisms. In essence. the base flow barrel(s) should provide
:, continuum of water depth and channel width without substantial modifications cif velocity.
?. If multiple pipes or cells arc used, at least one pipe or tx~x should tx; designed to remain dry during normal
(lows to allow for wildlife passage.
>. Culverts or pipes should be situated along the existing channel alignment whenever possible to avoid channel
realignment. Widening the stream channel must be avoided. Stream channel widening at the info ur outlet
:end of structures typically decreases water velocity causing sediment deposition that requires increased
maintenance and disrupts aquatic life passage.
4. Riprap should not be placed in the active thalweg channel or placed in the streambed in a manner that
precludes aquatic life passage. Bioengineering boulders or structures should bc; professionally designed,
sized, and installed.
In most cases, we prefer the replacement of the existing structure at the same location with road closure. If road
closure is not feasible, a temporary detour should be designed and located to avoid wetland impacts, minimize ttrc
need for clearing_and to avoid destabilizing stream banks. If the structure will be on a new alignment, the old
structure should be removed and the approach fills removed from the 1(KI-year floodplain. Approach fills should
be removed down to the natural ground elevation. The area should be stabilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. Tall fescue should not be used in riparian areas. If the area that is reclaimed was previously
wetlands, NCDOT should restore the area to wetlands. If successful, the site may tx used as wetland mitigation
for the subject project or other projects in the watershed:

R /1 7 /99

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