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Home My WebLink About20201640 Ver 1_Archaeological ADVERSE EFFECT SR 2735 Pipe Guilford Adverse Effects F..._20201202 Project Tracking No.: Archaeology Group ADVERSE EFFECTS DETERMINATION form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2015 Programmatic Agreement. Page 1 of 5 15-12-0009 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ADVERSE EFFECT DETERMINATION FORM This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this project. It is not valid for Historic Architecture and Landscapes. You must consult separately with the Historic Architecture and Landscapes Group. PROJECT INFORMATION Project No: SR 2735 Pipe County: Guilford WBS No: 17BP.7.C.17 Document: MCC F.A. No: N/A Funding: State Federal Federal Permit Required? Yes No Permit Type: NWP3/NWP14 Project Description: The NCDOT’s Division 7 proposes to replace a non-inventory pipe (#40 2112) carrying the waters of an unnamed tributary of Reedy Fork underneath SR 2735 (Sockwell Road) in Guilford County. An off-site detour will be utilized. It was noted that an existing arch structure constructed of flat rocks and terracotta blocks is present. Proposed ROW width measures about 50 feet from centerline. Project length is an exaggerated 0.2 mile (1,056 feet); however, the Area of Potential Effects (APE) will be centered on the actual pipe location and encompass about 0.08 acre, inclusive of the existing roadway. SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions: A map review and site file search was conducted at the Office of State Archaeology (OSA) on Friday, January 8, 2016. A reconnaissance of the project location was also conducted on Wednesday, January 13, 2016. A comprehensive archaeological survey has never been conducted along this particular stretch of SR 2735 (Sockwell Road), and no archaeological sites have been documented within one-half (1/2) mile of the proposed project. Digital copies of HPO’s maps (Ossipee Quadrangle) as well as the HPOWEB GIS Service (http://gis.ncdcr.gov/hpoweb/) were reviewed on Tuesday, January 26, 2016. There are no known historic architectural resources located within or adjacent to the Area of Potential Effects (APE) for which intact archaeological deposits would be anticipated within the footprint of the proposed project. In addition, topographic maps, historic maps (NCMaps website), USDA soil survey maps, and historic orthophotography were utilized and inspected to gauge environmental factors that may have contributed to historic or prehistoric settlement within the project limits, and to assess the level of modern, slope, agricultural, hydrological, and other erosive-type disturbances within and surrounding the archaeological APE. The Survey Required Form states that “this is a State-funded project for which a Federal permit will be required. Temporary and/or permanent easements will not be necessary. At this time, we are in compliance with NC GS 121-12a since there are no eligible (i.e. National Register-listed) archaeological resources located within the project’s APE that would require our attention. Although the property on either side of SR 2735 (Sockwell Road) is not owned by the State of North Carolina, the property on the north side of the road is under the protection of the State as a Conservation Area as noted by current signage. A State Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) permit should not be required; Project Tracking No.: Archaeology Group ADVERSE EFFECTS DETERMINATION form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2015 Programmatic Agreement. Page 2 of 5 15-12-0009 however, if the project area were to be extended to the north for whatever reason, a State ARPA permit may become necessary as well as coordination with the North Carolina Department of Agriculture to fully understand the terms of the conservation agreement on the property. From an environmental perspective, the APE consists of the rolling terrain typical of North Carolina’s north-central Piedmont, and is composed entirely of Enon clay loam, 10-15% slopes, eroded (EoD2). The eroded and moderately steep soil conditions within the APE are not favorable for containing intact archaeological sites/resources. Preservation of archaeological materials within such soil types is likely to be poor.” However, an existing arched structure constructed of flat rocks and terracotta blocks is present. Upon further inspection on Wednesday, January 13, 2016, it was observed that “hollow-tile” ceramic blocks manufactured by the Pomona Terra-Cotta Company have been utilized in the construction of this culvert. A similar structure in Randolph County was evaluated in 2010 by NCDOT’s Archaeology and Historic Architecture Groups (see Mohler et al. 2010 [OSA Biblio #6665]) prior to its removal, and was recommended as eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) per Criteria C and D. There are two distinct differences between the Randolph County culvert and the one underneath SR 2735 (Sockwell Road): 1) the “Pomona 84” stamp, and 2) the use of rectangular hollow-tile segment blocks. The “Pomona 84” stamp represents the type of segment block used to construct an 84-inch (diameter) culvert; the Randolph County example utilized “Pomona 48” blocks. It should also be noted that 84-inch segment blocks were the largest manufactured by the Pomona company. In addition, rectangular, hollow- tile segment blocks were used to construct both foundation walls of the Sockwell Road culvert whereas the foundation walls of the Randolph County example were constructed of stone and mortar. Overall construction technique also differed in the use of head-walls instead of wing-walls in the embankment on either side of the culvert. From a historic perspective, the Sockwell Road tile culvert represents a surviving example of a short-lived construction technique employed for such structures during the earliest decades of the 20th century, with distinct ties to the now defunct Pomona Terra-Cotta Manufacturing Company (1886-1975) of Guilford County. For these reasons and the context developed by Mohler et al. (2010) for this type of resource, the Sockwell Road tile culvert, which has been recorded as Site 31GF561** with the Office of State Archaeology (OSA), is recommended as eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) per Criteria C and D for it embodies a distinctive method of construction and has yielded information important to the industrial history of the region, similar to Site 31RD1470** (see Mohler et al. 2010). A meeting was held on Tuesday, April 12, 2016, with Lawrence Abbott, Office of State Archaeology and reviewer for Guilford County, to discuss the proposed eligibility of the tile culvert and any adverse effects the project may have on it (see below). As a result of this meeting, OSA has verbally concurred that Site 31GF561** should be deemed eligible for the NRHP per Criteria C and D and that any adverse effects the project may have should be mitigated through the suggested environmental commitments (see below). SUMMARY OF ADVERSE EFFECTS Archaeology Site Number: 31GF561** NRHP Criteria: C & D Explanation of Adverse Effects: The current structure is rated as poor, with notable scour issues, which raises questions regarding its structural integrity. With the safety of the travelling public of upmost importance, keeping the structure in place is not possible. All maintenance options for keeping the structure in service have been exhausted. The culvert has reached the end of its life cycle, and must be replaced. One option was to close the road and dead-end it on either side of the culvert location. This would impose connectivity Project Tracking No.: Archaeology Group ADVERSE EFFECTS DETERMINATION form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2015 Programmatic Agreement. Page 3 of 5 15-12-0009 issues for Fire/EMS services along with additional burdens for the Guilford County Public School System. In addition, the culvert is located in the area of Reedy Fork Farm. Closing SR 2735 (Sockwell Road) at the culvert location would split this farm and cause undue hardship. A second option was to replace the culvert with a line of corrugated metal pipe. The second option was recommended in order to avoid negative safety and economic impacts to the surrounding area. Therefore, NCDOT’s Division 7 intends to replace the existing culvert (i.e. Site 31GF561**) with a new structure of corrugated metal pipe (66 feet in length) with headwalls on both ends, on same location, while maintaining traffic on existing roads around the project area by means of an off-site detour. In applying the Criteria of Effects, the proposed undertaking will result in the physical removal/destruction of the tile culvert thus creating an adverse effect on the NRHP-eligible resource. List of Environmental Commitments: As part of a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA), mitigation efforts should include extensive photodocumentation of the tile culvert, the curation of representative segment block samples taken during its removal, and, if feasible, terrestrial LiDAR scans of both profiles and its interior to generate 3D- renderings of the culvert’s construction and as-built drawings per HABS/HAER standards. SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION Map(s) Previous Survey Info. Photos Correspondence Design Plans Mohler, Paul J., Penne Sandbeck, and Vanessa Patrick 2010 Creative Mitigation at Site 31RD1470**: Removal of Pomona Terra-Cotta Tile Culvert along Unnamed Tributary of Polecat Creek under SR 2116 (New Salem Road) in Randolph County, North Carolina. NCDOT Archaeology Group, Raleigh, North Carolina. Manuscript on file with the Office of State Archaeology, Raleigh, North Carolina (Biblio #6665). April 14, 2016 NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST DATE Project Tracking No.: Archaeology Group ADVERSE EFFECTS DETERMINATION form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2015 Programmatic Agreement. Page 4 of 5 15-12-0009 Photo 1: North Profile of Sockwell Road Tile Culvert, looking south. Photo 2: South Profile of Sockwell Road Tile Culvert, looking north. Project Tracking No.: Archaeology Group ADVERSE EFFECTS DETERMINATION form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2015 Programmatic Agreement. Page 5 of 5 15-12-0009 Photo 3: Representative Photograph of “Pomona 84” Stamp. Photo 4: West Headwall along North Profile of Sockwell Road Tile Culvert, looking south. Site 31GF561** TEAGUE, GEORGE Y TEAGUE, GEORGE Y TEAGUE, GEORGE Y HOLY COW FARM LLC TEAGUE, GEORGE Y TEAGUE, GEORGE Y ; TEAGUE, CHERRY W 6 8 8 692 694696686684682 698678676702 704674672668706666708664662 692704 6 9 4 696702674706698672EoD2 EnB MhC2 EoC2 EnD MhB2 MhB2W S O C K W E L L R D Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA,USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community PA 15-12-0009Replace Pipe# 40 2112 under SR 2735 (Sockwell Rd)Guilford County, NC Site 31GF561** Area of Potential Effects (APE) HYARUT mapfldhazar !(NCHPOpoints GF Cemetery Streets Soils_All Guilford_2014Parcels ¹ 0 40 80 120 16020Feet