20100597 Ver 1_Mitigation Bank Proposal_20071212 (23)

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Wetland and Natural Resource =:`• ti':
Consultants
December 9, 2007
Ms. Amanda Jones
US Army Corps of Engineers D EC 1
Asheville Regulatory Field Office 2007
151 Patton Avenue
Asheville, NC 28801
RE: Sixmile Creek Stream and Wetland Mitigation Bank
Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
Dear Ms. Jones
The purpose of letter is to request a convening of a Mitigation Bank Review Team meeting for
the proposed Six Mile Creek Tributary Stream and Wetland Mitigation Bank. The proposed bank
is located in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina and has previously been submitted as part of,
the NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program for Catawba Basin 03-08-88 (RFP #16-D06032-A)
The intent is to revisit the site with an MBRT to present an alternative to the actions described in
a prior submittal titled Sixmile Creek Tributary Stream and Wetland Restoration Project (March
24, 2007). While we believe the prior proposal is technically sound, we have concluded that less
invasive treatment can yield equivalent ecological values. Namely, the prior proposal called for
intensive stream restoration and surface manipulation (micro-topography). Our proposal is to
enhance vegetation and stabilize existing reaches of stream. Added value would also result from
the installation of a fore-bay and or level spreader structure that will result in sheet flow through
the wetland and eliminate an existing by-pass ditch which directly discharges stormwater to
Sixmile Creek.
The proposed wetland enhancement is equivalent in value to restoration and works to move the
existing wetlands toward a higher value climax forest in a more certain fashion. Our proposal is
to plant the site with bottomland wetland tree species and then to annually mow invasive
softwood species. Unlike classic restoration ;sites we believe it necessary to actively rnanage and
monitor the site for 7 years so that we can ensure that the mast producing hardwood trees will not
be shaded out by less desirable softwood species (Left to natural succession, the site would be
dominated by Sweetgum, Green Ashe and Red Maple). Further, though the site has been
determined to have wetland hydrology it is obvious that the cut-off ditch was installed to reduce
wetland hydrology to establish pastureland. We believe that it is appropriate to request
enhancement ratios approaching 1 to 1 for the 28 acres of wetlands since we will be restoring the
natural hydrology and enhancing forested conditions.
The necessary stream enhancement will can be achieved with profile and dimension
modifications that ensure that the stream continues to function in an appropriate manner. Based
on our observations we believe that appropriately spaced log vanes and plantings will achieve the
necessary stability; currently, isolated segments of instability result from the unregulated
stormflows. Currently, one main tributary enters the wetland area and branches into three minor
Sparta Office
3674 Pine Swamp Road
Sparta, NC 28765
[phone] Fax
tributaries. Each stream segment will be stabilized in situ resulting in approximately 4000 linear
feet of stream work.
Key to the success of the site will be the design and construction of the forebay and level spreader
structures that will reduce scour velocities while the site recovers from the restorative work.
Forthcoming detailed site surveys will determine the elevation of necessary for the level spreader;
currently, the spreader is projected to be constructed parallel to the existing by-pass ditch in high-
ground.
The bank proponents will review and likely accept the most current release schedule in effect
upon approval of the bank. In the interim, the bank proponents have reviewed the standard Credit
Release Schedule adopted by the Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District and propose the
schedule presented below which has been modified to reflect a 7 year monitoring plan for the
wetland component.
• 10% after first year, if interim success measures are met (total 25%):
• 10% after second year; if interim success measures are met (total 35%);
• 10% after third year; if interim success measures are met (total 45%);
• 15% after fourth year; if interim success measures are met (total 60%);
• 15% after fifth year, if interim success measures are met (total 75%);
• 12.5% after sixth year, if interim success measures are met (total 87.5%);
• 12.5% after seventh year, if the bank site meets the overall objectives and Success
Criteria set forth in the mitigation plan (total 100%).
The bank proponents have reviewed the Wilmington District Process for Preservation of
Mitigation Property and finds that all mechanisms appear attainable; final assessment will need to
be made by the proponents counsel.
We have opted to submit this letter without a copy of the prior proposal in hopes to reduce
excessive printing. The prior proposal includes all appropriate mapping and site documentation.
This proposal calls for the elimination of the intensive restoration. Please let me know if you
need another copy of the document.
st regards,
kris Huysman
336 / 406-0906
Cc: Ms. Susan Yates, Centex Homes
Six Mile Creek Tributary Stream and Wetland Mitigation Bank
Summary Sheet
Goals:
• Restore a bottomland hardwood forest with attendant small stream
Functions:
• Improve flood attenuation
• Improve riparian dispersal corridors
Endangered Species:
• Carolina Heelsplitter habitat will improve
Wetland Component (28 acres):
1. Vegetation:
¦ Hardwood species comprised of mast producing trees
¦ 20% cap on any one species of planted hardwood
¦ Existing wetland vegetation will be maintained
¦ Survival of 260 stems per acre at year 7
2. Soils:
• Hydric soils present within the site
• Soils will not be disturbed but for planting
3. Hydrology:
• Existing hydrology supports a wetland
• Target 12% to 25% annual hydrology
4. Site Management:
• Annual bush-hogging and mowing in dry summer months
• Annual manual control of invasive species
Stream Component (4000 linear feet)
1. Bank Stabilization:
• Fabric and root wads to stabilize sloughing banks
• Willow staking
2. Grade Control
• Log vanes to maintain grade
• Rock Vanes to maintain grade
Proposed Ratios:
• 1 to 1 for all wetland work
0 1 to 1 for all stream work
The Six Mile Creek Tributary Stream and Wetland
Mitigation Bank
Prepared
for
United States Army Corps of Engineers
Bank Sponsor
Centex Homes
Prepared
by
Wetland and Natural Resource Consultants

February 12, 2008
The Six Mile Creek Tributary Stream and Wetland Mitigation Bank Prospectus
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Project Goals
Mitigation Actions Proposed
Site Location and History
Targeted Local Watershed
Ecological Value of Proposed Mitigation
Bank Sponsor
Site Description
Preliminary Site Evaluation
Drainage Area Characteristics
Mapped Resources / USGS Blue Line Stream
Hydrology
Vegetation
Soils
Mitigation Actions Proposed
Conceptual Mitigation Plan
Wetland Enhancement
Hydrology
Vegetation
Stream Enhancement / Stabilization
Current vs. Proposed Ecological Conditions
Current Ecological Conditions
Proposed Conditions
Outcome if Mitigation Does Not Occur
Quantifiable Change and Success Criteria
Hydrology
Vegetation
Ecological Benefits
Final Disposition of Property
Proposed Mitigation Service Area
Anticipated Customers
General Approach to Relevant Banking Issues
Methods for Determining Bank Credits and Debits
Proposed Accounting Procedures
Proposed Performance Standards for Credit Availability and Bank
Success
Proposed Reporting Protocols and Monitoring Plan
Proposed Monitoring, Remedial Actions, and Financial
Assurances
Provisions for Long-term Management and Maintenance
Anticipated Schedule for Completion of the Bank and Request for
Authorization to Proceed
Credit Release Schedule
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List of Figures
Figure A - USGS Topographical Quadrangle
Figure B - Aerial Photograph
Figure C - Soil Map
Figure D - Hydric Soil Rating Map
Figure E - Watershed Map
Figure F - National Wetlands Inventory Map
Figure G - Historic Aerial Photograph and Soil Survey
List of Design Sheets
Sheet 1 - Existing Site Conditions
Sheet 2 - Conceptual Stream Stabilization Plan
Sheet 3 - Conceptual Planting Plan
Sheet 4 - Structure Details
List of Attachments
Attachment 1 - Official Soil Description for the Iredell Series
Attachment 2 - Official Soil Description for the Monacan Series
Attachment 3 - Official Soil Description for the Wehadkee Series
Executive Summary
Project Goals
The Six Mile Creek Tributary Stream and Wetland Mitigation Bank (Six i6IT)
Mile Bank) will provide wetland and stream mitigation credits that have n?C
been pre-approved by the US Army Corps of Engineers and the State ofOUT R5Mw
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. fl90 0 ?l+''"
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These credits may be used to satisfy compensatory mitigation lU>J
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requirements for unavoidable wetland and steam impacts in the Six Mile A4M
Bank service area. The limits of this service area will be specified in the
Mitigation Banking Instrument as determined by the Mitigation Bank
Review Team (MBRT). Upon completion, the Six Mile Bank will be a fully
integrated piedmont bottom land/swam p forest ecosystem replete with
successional vegetative and hydrologic regimes representative of similar
naturally occurring systems in the region.
Estimated Acreage and Linear Feet by Mitigation Type
Targeted
Mitigation Existing
Conditions Target Ecosystem/Plant
Community Type Acreage/ Linear Ft.
Enhancement Reverting Pasture Piedmont Bottomland Forest +/-28
Stream Mitigation Degraded Stream Natural Morphology +/-4175
Mitigation Actions Proposed
The systematic conversion of more than 28 acres of wetland and
approximately 4175 linear feet of stream from bottomland hardwood
swamp to pasture allowed for the successful grazing of livestock that
contributed to the degradation of Six Mile Creek. Under the generally
accepted guidelines for wetland and stream mitigation, enhancement of
existing wetlands and streams would result from the proposed work. A 1:1
mitigation credit is proposed for the enhancement due to the importance of
ecological uplift within watersheds that are inhabited by the endangered
Carolina heelsplitter. The Six Mile Bank proposes to convert the acreage
back to high quality climax wetland for through the planting of climax tree
A&J? 30 yF?0
species associated with Piedmont Bottomland Forest. The approximately
4175 linear feet of stream on the site presents an excellent opportunity for
extensive enhancement that will include profile and dimension
modifications on channels that flow into Six Mile Creek.
Site Location and History
The Six Mile Bank site is located near Marvin, North Carolina on Marvin
Road near the junction of Mecklenburg, Union and Lancaster Counties.
The site is located in the Catawba River Basin, US Geological Survey
HUC 03050103 and the former NC Ecosystem Enhance Program
Targeted Local Watershed sub-basin 03-08-38.
Historically, the site was a bottom land/swam p ecosystem prior to being
converted to pastureland. Historic aerial photographs used to create the
Mecklenburg Soil Survey show wet signatures in the mitigation area.
The conversion to pastureland was aided by the construction of a low
berm adjacent to Six Mile Creek, as well as channelization and redirection
of minor tributaries to Six Mile Creek. Drainage was further accelerated
by both lateral and transverse swales that were cut through the alluvial
wetland soils and excavated to slope toward Six Mile Creek.
Targeted Local Watershed
Six Mile Creek was at one time recognized by the NC Ecosystem
Enhancement Program (EEP) as Targeted Local Watershed (TLW) 03-08-
38, however was removed from the list "due to development activities
making restoration and protection efforts prohibitive" (NCEEP "Catawba
River Basin Restoration Priorities" July 2007). This site, therefore,
represents an excellent opportunity to perform stream and wetland
mitigation in an area that developmental pressure has elevated land
values to the point most mitigation efforts are not viable. Keep in mind,
Six Mile Creek was not removed from the TLW list because it is not an
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ecological concern. Six Mile Creek is habitat for the endangered Carolina
heelsplitter, further demonstrating the importance of ecological uplift within
the drainage area.
Ecological Value of Proposed Mitigation
The Six Mile Bank intends to increase the ecological values in the regional
watershed by:
• Producing a forested wetland that acts as a buffer to protect the
habitat of the endangered Carolina heelsplitter from potential runoff
and pollution
• Enhancing the wetland area in the floodplain of Six Mile Creek
thereby substantially increasing flood storage capacity
• Providing high quality climax forest wetland habitat for wildlife and
act to improve riparian dispersal corridors
• Allowing greater over bank flooding and flood attenuation on the
site from the removal of the man-made berm along Six Mile Creek
• In addition, the Bank Sponsor intends to enhance and stabilize the
natural hydrologic regime of the minor stream tributaries on the site,
and it is anticipated that this work will help to improve downstream
water quality
Functionally, the Six Mile Bank will both remove a source of nutrient
pollutant input associated with urban development and provide a point of
uptake through an enhanced wetland complex. The removal of the man-
made berm that separates the old pasture from Six Mile Creek will
increase floodwater storage capacity and denitrification as well as provide
viable habitat for wetland dependent organisms. The Six Mile Bank's
perpetual Conservation Easement will permanently change the land use to
conservation, which is key to the long-term success of any enhanced
wetland system.
Ecological and habitat values will be further increased by the restoration of
the plant communities that were once characteristic of the site. The
reintroduced native plant communities will then combine with existing
vegetation to reestablish dispersal corridors and refuge for game and non-
game species. An additional, yet less quantifiable ecological benefit will
hopefully be achieved when adjacent landowners and the community at
large are made aware of the wetland restoration/enhancement process
and the associated water quality benefits.
The importance of ecological uplift within the Six Mile Creek watershed
cannot be overstated. Six Mile Creek should be a priority for wetland
restoration, enhancement and preservation because it faces development
pressures from the Charlotte Metro area, and the watershed is one of few
in the Catawba River Basin that supports a population of the federally
endangered Carolina heelsplitter. Stream water quality is critical to the
mussels survival and requires the use of forested buffers and prevention
of siltation and other sources of runoff and pollution.
Bank Sponsor
The Six Mile Creek Tributary Stream and Wetland Mitigation Bank is
sponsored by:
Centex Homes
435 South Stream Blvd.
Suite 400
Charlotte, NC 28220
Centex Homes is national development and home building company
operating for over 58 years in 25 states. For fiscal year 2007, Centex
reported revenues of $12 billion, and net earnings of $268 million.
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Site Description
Preliminary Site Evaluation
A significant man-made hydrology modifying ditch is located parallel to
and within the targeted restoration area. Site visits revealed lateral
surface drainage ditches within the floodplain draining to Six Mile Creek; a
low two foot berm parallel to Six Mile Creek (obscured by existing sewer
easement); and diversion swales located at the toe of the slope conveying
surface-water runoff from topographic draws into the tributaries. Neither
the lateral nor the diversion ditches are shown on the USGS Topographic
Quadrangle.
Drainage Area Characteristics
The Six Mile Bank is located on the floodplain adjacent to Six Mile Creek
and an unnamed tributary to Six Mile Creek. The unnamed tributary has a
570 acre drainage area. Six Mile Creek at that location has a drainage
area of approximately 20 square miles. Both areas are experiencing
strong developmental pressure further illustrating the importance of
wetland and stream enhancement within the watershed. The soils of the
unnamed tributary's drainage area consist primarily of Hydrological Soils
Group B based on the runoff potential of the soil. According to NRCS,
Group B soil "is silt loam or loam. It has a moderate infiltration rate when
thoroughly wetted and consists chiefly of moderately deep to deep,
moderately well to well drained soils with moderately course textures."
Mapped Resources / USGS Blue Line Stream
The Weddington USGS 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle Map
(Weddington Quad), Mecklenburg County Soil Survey and the National
Wetland Inventory (NWI) Map depict Six Mile Creek as a perennial water
feature. The un-named tributary to Six Mile Creek that runs through the
eastern edge of the site is depicted as a perennial water feature by the
Weddington Quad and Mecklenburg County Soil Survey.
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Hydrology
Wetland hydrology is occurring on the majority of the site. Water was
observed in all lateral ditches during site visits from December through
January 2008. Soil borings taken onsite also showed groundwater within
12 inches of the ground-surface elevation. However, the site has been
sufficiently drained to the point where it is dry in summer months.
Vegetation
Currently, the subject reach is located within an area that is in the process
of reverting from a cow pasture into a wet meadow habitat. Based on
topographic position, soils, hydrologic characteristics, and remnant plant
communities, the Shafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley 1990, Classifications of
the Natural Communities of North Carolina: Third Approximation classifies
the site as a Piedmont Bottomland Forest. The vegetation across the site
includes red maple (Acer rubrum), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua),
green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), box elder (Acer negundo), willow oak
(Quercus phellos), white oak (Quercus alba), river birch (Betula nigra),
eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), black berry (Rubus argutus),
swamp rose (Rosa palustris), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), broad
leaved cattail (Typha latifolia), soft rush (Juncus effusus), Canada rush
(Juncus canadensis), lurid sedge (Carex lurida), smartweed (Polygonum
hydropiperoides), bugleweed (Ajuga reptans), blue joint grass
(Calamagrostis canadensis), and various cultivated grasses. The invasive
species on site include multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), and Chinese
privet (Ligustrum sinense). The composition of the tree stems at present
is that of an early successional forest and therefore warrants enhancing to
move the ecosystem towards a climax forest.
Soils
The project site consists of historic pasturelands located within a mapped
Iredell / Monacan soils association. The presence of reduced soils within
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the floodplain was verified during site visits in January 2008. The soils
mapped are listed on the National Hydric Soils List and are considered to
be partially hydric, however, the site evaluation reveals hydric soil
conditions throughout the 28 acre enhancement area.
Mitigation Actions Proposed
Enhancement of existing wetlands would result from the proposed
mitigation work, under the generally accepted guidelines for wetland and
stream mitigation. The Six Mile Bank proposes to convert the pastureland
acreage back to high quality climax wetland for :1 r litigation credit
through the planting of climax tree species associated with Piedmont
Bottomland Forest. The approximately 4175 linear feet of stream on the
site presents an excellent opportunity for extensive enhance nt that will
_ ?S 0?
include profile and dimension modifications, proposed f 1:1 itigation %?'•?
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credit as well. The 1:1 mitigation credit for enhancement on site is L?v&
proposed because the site is located adjacent to Six Mile Creek, habitat
for the endangered Carolina heelsplitter.
Six Mile Creek was at one time recognized by the NC Ecosystem
Enhancement Program (EEP) as Targeted Local Watershed (TLW) ,
however was removed from the list not because is was no longer of
ecological concern, but because of the practicality of securing land for
restoration efforts. This site, therefore, represents an excellent
opportunity to perform stream and wetland mitigation in an area that
developmental pressure has elevated land values to the point most
mitigation efforts are not viable. Six Mile Creek is habitat for the
endangered Carolina heelsplitter, further demonstrating the importance of
ecological uplift within the drainage area.
Conceptual Mitigation Plan
Wetland Enhancement
Based on the vegetative community, soil types and topographic location,
the mitigation plan will target enhancement of the on-site piedmont
bottomland forest.
Hydrology
It is anticipated that the removal of the berm, the filling of existing ditches,
and installation of profile and dimension modifications on the existing
minor tributaries will restore the historic hydrologic regime of the Six Mile
Bank site floodplain. The target hydrology is 12-25% of the growing
season with saturated conditions.
These supplemental water sources, i.e. high water table, occasional
flooding, surface run-off and groundwater recharge, should only enhance
the overall water budget and increase the probability of success for
wetland restoration.
Vegetation
Proposed planted vegetation includes that which is associated with the
targeted Piedmont Bottomland Forest. The vegetation planting and
management plan is designed to move the existing wetlands towards a
high value climax forest in a more certain fashion. After seven years of
monitoring, a survival of 260 stems per acre is expected.
The site will be planted with high value climax tree species including
Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus michauxii, Quercus nigra, Quercus pagoda,
Quercus phellos, Quercus shumardii, Ulmus americana, Betula nigra, and
Celtis lavaegata. A 20% cap will be on place on any one species of
planted stems.
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The herbaceous strata will be seeded with a native wetland seed mix to
augment the existing herbaceous strata that may include big bluestem
(Andropogon gerardii), purple love grass (Eragrostis spectabilis),
deertongue (Panicum clandestinum), gama grass (Tripsacum
dactyloides), river oats (Chasmanthium latifolium), and Virginia wild rye
(Elymus virginicus).
The site will be mown annually between planted rows to suppress the
undesirable early successional species such as red maple, green ash and
sweet gum and prevent them from dominating the site and shading out the
more desirable climax bottomland species.
Stream Enhancement / Stabilization
The existing approximately 4175 linear feet of minor tributaries to Six Mile
Creek will have bank stabilization measures installed such as natural
hemp geo-textile fabric, live stakes and root wads. Live stake species are
to include Cephalanthus occidentalis, Corpus amomum, Itea virginica,
Salix sericea, and Sambucus canadensis. Grade control measures are to
include the use of log and rock vanes where appropriate.
Current vs. Proposed Ecological Conditions
Current Ecological Conditions
A preliminary assessment of the current site conditions is detailed in the
site description portion of this prospectus.
Proposed Conditions
The Six Mile Bank proposes to:
Enhance existing wetland to climax Piedmont Bottomland Forest;
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• Provide wetland resource compensation in advance of actual
wetland impacts thereby minimizing the temporal loss to the
ecosystem;
• Contribute significantly to the long-term delivery of wetland
functions and values within the Catawba Watershed; and
• Enhance degraded streams.
As noted, the Bank Sponsor will enhance or preserve various wetland
habitats, stream and ecological communities. These communities will
include, but not be limited to: forested wetlands systems, enhanced
swamp wetland systems, vegetated forest buffers and forested riparian
corridors. The Six Mile credit composition may also include other
additional existing environmental resources found throughout the site and
adjacent to the site in Six Mile Creek.
The wetlands will be designed and enhanced as part of the Site Specific
Mitigation Plan that will be attached to the Mitigation Banking Instrument
(MBI). The MBI will be negotiated between the MBRT and the Bank
Sponsor. It is expected, but not required, that the establishment of the
bank will be performed in phases as described in the Site Specific
Mitigation Plan.
The detailed plan will focus on the restoration of a complete ecological
system within the limits of the 28 acre site. The mitigation plan will utilize
proven ecological engineering, natural resource management and land
planning concepts to create a fundamentally sound and fully functional
natural resource system. The mitigation of this system will build upon the
existing on-site resources and adjacent indigenous habitats to provide
long-term delivery of natural wetland functions and values to the Catawba
Watershed.
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It is expected that all approved credits will at least be acceptable as
compensation for permitted riverine wetland impacts within the Six Mile
service area. The number of credits will be determined by applying the
appropriate regulatory ratios as specified in the MBI. The Bank Sponsor
proposes that credits be released in a manner consistent with existing
banking instruments in North Carolina.
Outcome if Mitigation Does Not Occur
Continued development is expected throughout the remainder of the
drainage as has been occurring throughout the past decades. Currently
greater than 50% of the Six Mile Creek drainage is developed or in
agriculture. With the projected development pressures of the Charlotte
Metropolitan area, it is likely that the remainder of the drainage will be
developed over the next 10 years.
Quantifiable Change and Success Criteria
Hydrology
Hydrologic enhancement will be tied to meeting or exceeding the mean
hydrology for bottomland and swamp ecosystems in the region.
Hydrologic enhancement may include but will not be limited to the removal
of existing man-made berm along Six Mile Creek, increasing over bank
flooding on the site; installation of grade controls on minor tributaries to
Six Mile Creek, minimizing down-cutting and ensuring increased wetland
1 hydrology; installation of bank stabilization measures such as natural
hemp geo-textile fabric, live stakes and root wads; and installation of
-S`
forebays and level spreaders where the minor tributaries exit the site and
enter Six Mile Creek to further protect the water quality of the aquatic
habitat.
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Vegetation
The site will be planted with high value climax tree species and seeded
with a native wetland seed mix to augment the existing herbaceous strata.
The Bank Sponsor will also actively manage the site to give desirable
plants an opportunity to dominate. This combination of supplemental
planting, herbaceous strata seeding and annual mowing between rows of
planted stems will ensure the establishment of a natural high value climax
vegetative system consistent with those natural systems found throughout
the Catawba Watershed.
To assure the successful attainment of the wetland mitigation
requirements as specified by the MBRT, a suite of success criteria similar
to those adopted in other banking instruments will be developed, against
which the mitigation project can be evaluated. The criteria may include:
• Number of woody stems per acre
• Percentage of vegetative cover
• Community diversity
• Duration of saturation or ponding during the growing season
• Measures of wetland functions, using established practices such
as "Best Professional Judgment"
To measure progress toward the successful achievement of the criteria,
both existing and new data will be used to quantify the objectives. This
data will be compiled from on-site monitoring studies including but not
limited to stream gauge analysis, ground truthing, topographic conditions,
groundwater monitoring, and soils analysis. Once compiled, the data will
be converted to graphically represent the baselines for the successful
achievement of the specific criteria. Once the baselines have been
established the results of each monitoring cycle will then be plotted to
graphically represent the percentage of the goal achieved relative to the
number of growing seasons that have passed.
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The resulting trend line is commonly referred to as the "trajectory for
success". Where the monitoring efforts suggest that progress for one or
more of the success criteria is not meeting a level that will allow success
within the 7 year monitoring period, the Bank Sponsor will evaluate
opportunities for adaptive management or remedial bioengineering.
Ecological Benefits
The ecological benefits provided by the Six Mile Bank include:
• Up to 28 acres of wetland restoration, enhancement and
preservation of piedmont bottomland hardwood forest ecosystem;
• Approximately 4175 linear feet of stream restoration;
• Improved water quality, stormwater management and flood water
retention in the Six Mile Creek watershed that has known
populations of the endangered Carolina Heelsplitter;
• Streamlined regulatory review of the compensatory mitigation for
unavoidable wetland impacts;
• Establishment of forest corridors and buffers along Six Mile Creek
that will help to protect the Carolina heelsplitter; and
Final Disposition of Property
The property is currently held by the Bank Sponsor. After all mitigation
credits have been released and all monitoring obligations have been
completed, ownership of the targeted mitigation area will remain with the
current landowner. A permanent or perpetual conservation easement will
be placed on any land used for mitigation banking credit. The details of
the conservation easement will be recorded on the property deed and any
and all restrictive covenants will be transferred to any future owners of the
property. The conservation easement will ultimately be donated to a
qualified land trust or non-profit organization.
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Proposed Mitigation Service Area
The proposed service area will include the resident hydrologic unit code
(USGS HUC 03050103) and the adjacent hydrologic unit codes, but will
not cross any major drainage boundaries as determined by the MBRT.
The Six Mile Bank Sponsor will also propose that the Bank be considered,
on a case by case basis, as a mitigation alternative for impacts outside of
the specified service area.
Anticipated Customers
Adjacent land use is primarily residential and agricultural. With the
currently planned attendant municipal infrastructure, additional residential
and commercial growth throughout the basin is expected. Linear support
infrastructure, i.e. sewer outfalls, gas pipelines, electronic and telephonic
transmission lines, and public and private transportation corridors will be
associated with the growth. Municipalities, private developers and
NCDOT will most likely be the permitees for the majority of the anticipated
linear impacts, which should then generate significant demand for
mitigation credits in the Six Mile service area.
General Approach to Relevant Banking Issues
Methods for Determining Bank Credits and Debits ?i
The number of restoration, enhancement and preservation credits will be
determined consistent with the ratios specified in the MBI. At present, it isI
the Bank Sponsor's understanding that the applicable MBI Credit Ratios Q?? lo: I
for wetland mitigation ar 1:1 r enhancement and ?-f r preservation ( ! 1
given the fact that Six Mile Creek provides habitat for the endangered
Carolina heelsplitter.
Proposed Accounting Procedures
The bank will establish and maintain an accounting system (i.e. ledger)
which will document credits and debits to the Bank account. The Bank will
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submit reports to the permitting agencies documenting approved debit or
credit transactions that have occurred. The Bank will also submit Annual
Reports to the MBRT. In the interim periods, the ledger will be available
for inspection upon written request.
Proposed Performance Standards for Credit Availability and Bank
Success
The release of credits will be conditioned upon the achievement of interim
or final success criteria specific to the Six Mile Bank. The criteria will be
recorded and fully documented in the MBI. Periodic monitoring data will
be measured against established baselines for success, and in the event
that the Bank is projected to fall short of its interim or final success criteria,
remedial action may be undertaken by the Bank Sponsor. With the
exception of pre-sales credits, no credits will be released prior to meeting
the interim or final success criteria.
In addition, the following general guidelines apply to the Bank:
1. The Bank will receive one credit for each Eub-parcel of
acreag3from the site that meets the regulatory ratios and
performance criteria.
2. Debits or available credits from the Bank will be based on the
permit requirements of duly authorized projects. The permit
requirements will normally reflect consideration of the value of
the streams and wetlands impacted as will as the
environmental value of the wetland credits.
3. It is assumed that at least 15% of the gross credits assigned
to the Bank will be available for pre-sale upon regulatory
approval of the MBI. The remainder of the credits will be
available for sale upon achievement of the sequential success
criteria.
15
Proposed Reporting Protocols and Monitoring Plan
Reports detailing the accounting status and monitoring results will be
submitted to the MBRT on at least and annual basis. In the interim
periods, the ledger and monitoring reports will be available upon written
request from the MBRT to the Bank Sponsor.
Proposed Monitoring, Remedial Actions, and Financial Assurances
Decisions concerning the operational life of the Bank, long-term
monitoring, maintenance, management, remedial actions and financial
assurances will be made in accordance with current Federal Mitigation
Banking Guidance and approved by the MBRT.
Provisions for Long-term Management and Maintenance
The enhanced and preserved streams, wetlands and buffer areas that
comprise the Six Mile Bank and that are ultimately used for compensatory
wetland mitigation will be provided long-term protection in the form of a
perpetual conservation easement that is agreeable to the MBRT.
Anticipated Schedule for Completion of the Bank and Request
for Authorization to Proceed
Pending regulatory approval, the Bank Sponsor anticipates that final
design and construction for the Six Mile site will be completed in year one,
and a seven-year monitoring period will follow to confirm the success of
the work.
Credit Release Schedule
The Bank Sponsors have reviewed the standard Credit Release Schedule
adopted by the Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District and propose the
schedule presented below which has been modified to reflect a 7 year
monitoring plan for the wetland component.
• 10% after first year, if interim success criteria are met (total 25%)
16
• 10% after second year, if interim success criteria are met (total
35%)
• 10% after third year, if interim success criteria are met (total 45%)
• 15% after fourth year, if interim success criteria are met (total 60%)
15% after fifth year, if interim success criteria are met (total 75%)
12.5% after sixth year, if interim success criteria are met (total
87.5%)
• 12.5% after seventh year, if interim success criteria are met (total
100%)
17
Figures
Figure A - USGS Topographical Quadrangle
Figure B - Aerial Photograph
Figure C - Soil Map
Figure D - Hydric Soil Rating Map
Figure E - Watershed Map
Figure F - National Wetlands Inventory Map
Figure G - Historic Aerial Photograph and Soil Survey
Figure A - USGS Topographical Quadrangle
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Attachments
Attachment 1 - Official Soil Description for the Iredell Series
Attachment 2 - Official Soil Description for the Monacan Series
Attachment 3 - Official Soil Description for the Wehadkee Series
Official Series Description - IREDELL Series
LOCATION IREDELL SC+AL GA NC VA
Established Series
Rev. RLV-ECH
10/2006
IREDELL SERIES
Page 1 of 4
The Iredell series consists of moderately well drained, very slowly permeable soils. These soils formed
in material weathered from diabase, diorite, gabbro, and other rocks high in ferro-magnesium minerals.
They are on uplands throughout the Piedmont. Slope is dominantly less than 6 percent but ranges up to
15 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Vertic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Iredell sandy loam--pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Apl--O to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; friable,
slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine and medium roots; 1 percent fine pebbles; few fine black
concretions; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 7 inches thick)
Ap2--5 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (IOYR 4/2) loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable,
slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine and medium roots; few fine black concretions; neutral; clear
wavy boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
Btssl--7 to 11 inches; brown (IOYR 4/3) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm,
very sticky, very plastic; many fine and medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds;
common slickensides; many fine (1 to 2 mm) black concretions; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Btss2--11 to 20 inches; brown (IOYR 4/3) clay; moderate medium and coarse angular blocky structure;
very firm, very sticky, very plastic; many fine and medium roots along faces of peds; common distinct
clay films on faces of peds; common slickensides and pressure faces; common fine black concretions;
few fine weathered feldspar crystals; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Btg--20 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay; moderate medium and coarse angular blocky
structure; very firm, very sticky, very plastic; many fine and medium roots, mostly along faces of peds;
few fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few medium black concretions; few fine
weathered feldspar crystals; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt
horizon is 13 to 30 inches)
BC--24 to 27 inches; olive (5Y 4/3) loam; common medium distinct very pale brown (IOYR 7/3) and
few fine distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) and black (N 2/0) mottles; moderate medium and coarse
angular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; many fine and medium roots along faces of peds; few
medium pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common soft dark grayish brown and black
saprolite; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
C1--27 to 32 inches; finely mottled dark greenish gray, very pale brown, and yellowish brown loam; 80
percent saprolite that crushes easily; many fine roots and few distinct clay films along cleavage planes;
http://www2.ftw.nres.usda.gov/osd/daYMREDELL.html 2/13/2008
Official Series Description - IREDELL Series
neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Page 2 of 4
C2--32 to 44 inches; finely mottled dark greenish gray, very pale brown, black and yellowish brown
sandy loam; 90 percent saprolite that crushes easily; many fine roots and few distinct clay films along
cleavage planes; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C3-44 to 62 inches; finely mottled dark greenish gray, yellowish brown, black and very pale brown
sandy loam; 90 percent saprolite that crushes easily; few fine roots along cleavage planes; 10 percent
fragments of hard rock; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Chester County, South Carolina; on U.S. Highway 72 bypass one mile south of
Chester; site is across road from Southside School, 233 feet north of fire hydrant.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to
paralithic contact (Cr horizon) is 40 to more than 60 inches. Depth to hard bedrock is more than 60
inches. Linear extensibility totals 6.0 cm or more between the surface and paralithic contact. Most
pedons have few to many dark concretions throughout the profile. Many pedons have few to many dark
mottles or soft bodies in the B and C horizons. Some pedons have few to many flakes of mica or crystals
of feldspar in the B and C horizons. The soil is strongly acid to neutral in the A horizon, moderately acid
to mildly alkaline in the B horizon, and neutral to moderately alkaline in the C horizon. Content of rock
fragments, up to 24 inches in diameter, ranges from 0 to 30 percent in the A horizon and E horizon, 0 to
20 percent in the Bt horizon, and 0 to 10 percent in the C horizon.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of IOYR to 5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sandy loam, fine
sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction.
A thin or discontinuous E horizon, where present, has hue of IOYR or 2.5Y, value of 6 or 7, and chroma
of 1 to 3. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction.
The upper part of the Bt or Btss horizon has hue of IOYR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6.
The middle part of the Bt or Btss horizon has hue of IOYR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6.
The lower part of the Bt of Btss horizon has hue of IOYR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6.
Content of clay in the Bt or Btss horizon ranges from 40 to 85 percent in the upper part and from 35 to
60 percent in the middle and lower part. The weighted average content of clay of the upper 20 inches of
the Bt or Btss horizon ranges from 40 to 60 percent.
The BC horizon has hue of IOYR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 to 6. Mottles may occur in
shades of red brown, or yellow. Texture is clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam.
The C horizon commonly is mottled or multicolored in shades of white, gray, brown, yellow, or black. It
commonly is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or silt loam with as much as 90 percent soft pararock
fragments.
The Cr horizon, where present, is highly fractured, highly weathered rock.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Polkton and White Store series. Polkton soils have a depth to a
seasonal high water table of 1.5 to 2.5 feet, a paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches and formed
from Triassic siltstone, mudstone, shale, and conglomerates. White Store soils have a depth to seasonal
high water table of 1.0 to 1.5 feet and are formed from Triassic siltstone, musdtone, sandstone, shale,
and conglomerate. Similar soils in other families are the Brewback (T), Crawfordville(T), Enon,
http://www2.ftw.nres.usda.gov/osd/dat/I/IREDELL.htmi 2/13/2008
Official Series Description - IREDELL Series Page 3 of 4
Pittsboro, Virgilina, Winnsboro, and Wynott series. Brewback soils (T) have iron depletions in the upper
part of the argillic and a paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Crawfordville soils (T) have a
paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Enon and Winnsboro soils do not have slickensides and
have a depth to a seasonal high water table at greater than 6 feet. Pittsboro and Wynott soils have a
depth to paralithic contact of 20 to 40 inches. Virgilina soils have smectitic mineralogy and a depth to
lithic contact of 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Iredell soils are on uplands throughout the Piedmont. Slopes range from 0
to about 15 percent, but generally are less than 6 percent. The soils formed in materials weathered from
diabase, diorite, gabbro, and other rocks high in ferro-magnesium mineral. The average annual rainfall
ranges from 37 to 60 inches, the frost-free season ranges from 190 to 225 days, and mean annual
temperature ranges from 59 to 66 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the similar Brewback, Crawfordville, Enon,
Pim,boro, Winnsboro, and Wynott series and the Cullen, D.a.vidson, Helena, Lloyd, Mecklenburg, and
Wilkes series. Cullen and Mecklenburg soils have a Bt horizon with a hue of 5YR or redder. Davidson
and Lloyd soils are rhodic. Helena soils do not have slickenslides and are strongly to very strongly acid
throughout. Wilkes soils are shallow to paralithic contact.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; medium runoff; very slow
permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for growing cotton, small grain, hay, or pasture.
Forested areas are dominantly in post and white oaks.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Piedmont areas of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Virginia. The series is of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Statesville Area, Iredell County, North Carolina; 1901.
REMARKS: Prior to 1998, Bt horizons having vertic characteristics that were less than 20 inches thick
were too thin to place these soils in Vertic Hapludalfs. The eighth edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy,
1998 changed the requirements for Vertic subgroups and now these soils fit.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to 7 inches (Apl and Apt horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 7 to 24 inches (Btssl, Btss2, and Bt horizons)
MLRA = 136
ADDITIONAL DATA:
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
500016 IREDELL 0-15 59- 66 190-225 37-60 300- 550
SC0146 IREDELL 0-15 59- 66 190-225 37-60 300- 550
SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
http://www2.ftw.nres.usda.gov/osd/dat/VIREDELL.html 2/13/2008
Official Series Description - IREDELL Series
S00016 NONE 1.0-2.0 PERCHED DEC-APR 60-60
SCO146 NONE 1.0-2.0 PERCHED DEC-APR 40-60 SOFT
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
SC0016 0- 7 GR-L ST-L 1-5 65- 80 10-25 9-13
SCO016 0- 7 FSL SL 0-1 80- 96 10-20 8-12
S00016 0- 7 L SIL CL 0-1 95-100 15-35 9-15
SCO016 7-24 C 0-0 60-100 40-60 26-30
SCO016 24-27 L SCL CL 0-1 85-100 15-35 15-30
S00016 27-62 VAR - - - -
SCO146 0- 7 GR-L ST-L 1-5 65- 80 10-25 9-13
SCO146 0- 7 FSL SL 0-1 80- 96 10-20 8-12
SCO146 0- 7 L SIL CL 0-1 95-100 15-35 9-15
SCO146 7-27 C 0-0 60-100 40-60 26-30
SCO146 27-44 L SCL SL 0-1 85-100 10-35 10-25
SCO146 44-62 WB - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
S00016 0- 7 5.1- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0-6.0 LOW
SCO016 0- 7 5.1- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0-6.0 LOW
SCO016 0- 7 5.1- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 0.6-2.0 LOW
S00016 7-24 5.6- 7.3 0.-.5 0- 0 0.0015-0.06 VERY HIGH
SCO016 24-27 6.1- 7.8 0.-.5 0- 0 0.06-0.2 HIGH
S00016 27-62 - - - -
SCO146 0- 7 5.1- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0-6.0 LOW
SCO146 0- 7 5.1- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0-6.0 LOW
SCO146 0- 7 5.1- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 0.6-2.0 LOW
SCO146 7-27 5.6- 7.3 0.-.5 0- 0 0.0015-0.06 VERY HIGH
SCO146 27-44 6.1- 7.8 0.-.5 0- 0 0.06-0.2 MODERATE
SCO146 44-62 - - - -
Page 4 of 4
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
http://www2.ftw.nres.usda.gov/osd/dat/I/IREDELL.htmi 2/13/2008
Official Series Description - MONACAN Series
LOCATION MONACAN VA+NC
Established Series
DCH-DDR
07/1999
MONACAN SERIES
Page 1 of 3
Soils of the Monacan series are deep, moderately well and somewhat poorly drained with moderate
permeability. They formed in recent alluvial sediments of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. Slopes are
commonly less than 2 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 61 degrees F and mean annual
precipitation is about 42 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Monacan silt loam - in a cultivated field.
(Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--O to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (IOYR 4/4) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very
friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; common fine roots; few very fine dark colored oxide concretions;
few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0
to 12 inches thick)
Bw1--12 to 25 inches; dark yellowish brown (IOYR 4/4) silt loam; few fine faint grayish brown (IOYR
5/2), light yellowish brown
(IOYR 6/4), and dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable,
nonsticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots; common fine dark colored oxide concretions and stains; few
worm channels; few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 15 inches thick)
Bw2--25 to 34 inches; dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 4/4) silt loam; common fine faint grayish brown
(IOYR 5/2) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable,
slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine dark colored oxide stains and concretions; few
fine flakes of mica;
medium acid; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 15 inches thick)
Bw3--34 to 42 inches; grayish brown (1 OYR 5/2) silty clay loam; few fine faint dark yellowish brown
(10YR 4/4) and gray (10YR 5/1) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable,
slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine dark colored oxide concretions and stains; few
fine flakes of mica;
medium acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (7 to 18 inches thick)
2Bgb--42 to 63 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) and
yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, slightly
plastic; few fine roots; thin patchy gray (5Y 5/1) clay films on faces of ped and in root channels; many
dark colored oxide concretions up to 1/4 inch in size; many fine flakes of mica;
medium acid; gradual wavy boundary.
TYPE LOCATION: Goochland County, Virginia; .2 miles south of the intersection of Highways 6 and
http://ortho.ftw.nres.usda.gov/osd/dat/M/MONACAN.html 2/13/2008
Official Series Description - MONACAN Series Page 2 of 3
644 and 130 yards northeast of the James River on Sabot Island.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Coarse fragments are
less than 5 percent by volume above
40 inches. Content of flakes of mica ranges from none to many.
The reaction is neutral to strongy acid throughout the profile.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or IOYR, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 4. It is sandy
loam, fine sandy loam, loam,
or silt loam.
The B horizon has a hue of 5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. The lower
part of the B horizon includes
hue of 5Y and chroma of 1. The B horizon is sandy loam, loam,
silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. The Bb horizon, where present, is below 40
inches. It has hue of IOYR through 5Y or N, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 0 through 2. It
is silty clay or clay.
The C horizon ranges from clay through sand or gravel.
COMPETING SERIES: Lindell series is the only soil in the same family. Lindell soils have up to 30
percent coarse fragment of
chert or of gravel and contains medium to high phosphorous in each horizon.
Competing soils in closely related families are Chewacla,
Congaree, Hamben, Hann_,ahatchee, Kemp, l,ohdell, Marietta,
Mooreville, Riverview, Thenas, Tuckahee and Weaver. Chewacla, Mooreville, and Riverview soils have
a base saturation of less
than 60 percent. Congaree, Hannahatchee, and Tuckahoe soils do
not have mottles with chroma of 2 or less within 24 inches of the surface. Hamben and Marietta soils are
in a siliceous family.
Kemp soils do not have a cambic horizon. Lobdell and Weaver soils are in a mesic family. Thenas soils
are in a corase-loamy family. soils are in a coarse-loamy family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Monacan soils formed in recent alluvium in nearly level flood plains in
the Piedmont and upper Coastal Plain. Slopes are commonly less than 2 percent. The loamy sediments
are largely derived from soils formed in residuum from schist, gneiss, granite, phyllite, and other
metamorphic and igneous rocks. The
mean annual temperature ranges from about 61 to 66 degrees F and
the mean annual precipitation ranges from about 39 to 45 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the competing Tt ckahoe soils, these are
the Bolling, Buncombe, Fork, 1amunkey,
and Wehadkee soils. Buncombe soils are in the sandy family. Bolling, Fork, and Pamunkey soils are
Alfisols. Wehadkee soils
are Fluvaguents.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well and somewhat poorly drained; slow runoff;
moderate permeability above the buried soil.
http://ortho.ftw.nres.usda.gov/osd/dat/M/MONACAN.htmi 2/13/2008
Official Series Description - MONACAN Series
Page 3 of 3
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for crops or pasture. Corn, soybeans, small
grains and hay are the principal crops. The remainder is in woodland. Forests consist of mixed
hardwoods and pines.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Virginia and North Carolina. The series
is of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Goochland County, Virginia, 1976.
REMARKS: Monacan soils were formerly included in the Chewacla series.
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
VA0100 MONACAN 0- 2 61- 66 185-240 39- 45 25- 600
SOI-5 F1oodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
VA0100 COMMON 0.5-2.0 APPARENT NOV-MAY 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No
VA0100 0-12 FSL SL 0- 0 95
VA0100 0-12 SIL L 0- 0 95
VA0100 12-42 SL SIL SICL 0- 0 95
VA0100 42-63 SR S C 0- 0 50
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab
VA0100 0-12 5.1- 7.3 2.-3. 0- 0 0.6- 6.0
VA0100 0-12 5.1- 7.3 2.-3. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0
VA0100 12-42 5.1- 7.3 .5-1. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0
VA0100 42-63 5.1- 7.3 .5-1. 0- 0 0.6- 20
-10 Clayo -CEC-
-100 5-27 -
-100 7-27 -
-100 18-35 -
-100 5-50 -
Shnk-Swll
LOW
LOW
LOW
LOW
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
http://ortho.ftw.nres.usda.gov/osd/dat/M/MONACAN,html 2/13/2008
Official Series Description - WEHADKEE Series
LOCATION WEHADKEE NC+AL GA SC TN VA
Established Series
Rev. RM:AG
07/2007
WEHADKEE SERIES
Page 1 of 3
The Wehadkee series consists of very deep, poorly drained and very poorly drained soils on flood plains
along streams that drain from the mountains and piedmont. They are formed in loamy sediments. Slopes
range from 0 to 2 percent. Near the type location, mean annual precipitation is about 48 inches, and
mean annual temperature is about 60 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Wehadkee fine sandy loam -- cultivated (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise
stated.)
Ap--O to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very
friable; few flakes of mica; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick)
Bgl--8 to 17 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
soft masses of iron accumulation; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few flakes
of mica; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)
Bg2--17 to 40 inches; gray (IOYR 6/1) sandy clay loam; common medium prominent strong brown
(7.5YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;
common flakes of mica; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. ( 0 to 30 inches thick)
Cg--40 to 50 inches; gray (IOYR 6/1) sandy loam; common medium faint grayish brown (IOYR 5/2)
iron depletions and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation; massive;
friable; common flakes of mica; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Catawba County, North Carolina; 1/2 mile south of Witherspoon Crossroads on
SR 1801, 3/4 mile east on SR 1807, and 650 feet north of bridge on Hogan Creek.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from about 20 to more than 60 inches.
The content of mica flakes ranges from few to many. The soil ranges from very strongly acid through
neutral, but some part of the 10 to 40 inch control section is moderately acid through neutral. Content of
rock fragments ranges from 0 to 5 percent by volume in the A and B horizons, and from 0 to 20 percent
by volume in the C horizons. Fragments are dominantly pebbles in size.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of IOYR or 2.5Y or is neutral, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 4. Some
pedons have soft masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or red. Texture is fine sandy loam,
very fine sandy loam, loam, silty clay loam, sandy loam, or silt loam. Some pedons have recent layers of
overwash as much as 20 inches thick that are loamy and variable in color. Many pedons have an Ab
horizon that has the same color and texture range as the A horizon.
http://www2.ftw.nres.usda.gov/osd/dat/W[WEHADKEE.html 2/13/2008
Official Series Description - WEHADKEE Series
Page 2 of 3
The Bg horizon has hue of IOYR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 2. Soft masses
of iron accumulation are in shades of red, yellow, and brown. Texture is sandy clay loam, silt loam,
loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam.
The Cg horizon has hue of IOYR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2. Soft masses
of iron accumulation are in shades of brown, red, and yellow. Texture is commonly sandy loam, loam,
or silt loam, but in some pedons the Cg horizon contains stratified layers of sandy clay loam, clay loam,
silty clay loam, loamy sand, sand, and gravel. Sandy textures are restricted to depths below 40 inches.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other known series in this family. Series in closely related
families are Bibb, Chastain, Chewacla, Chown, Englehard, Hatboro, Kinston, Lee, Mantachie, Mhoon,
lbluckalec, Rosebloom, and Una series. Bibb and Muckalee soils are coarse-loamy with siliceous
mineralogy. Bibb soils have reaction of strongly acid or more acid throughout the control section.
Chastain and Una soils are clayey and reaction is strongly acid or more acid throughout the control
section. Chewacla soils have dominant chroma of more than 2 in the upper 20 inches of the soil.
Chewacla soils are Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts. Chowan, Mhoon, and Rosebloom soils are fine-silty.
The subgroup for Chowan is Thapto-Histic. Englehard soils are coarse-silty and their subgroup is
Humaqueptic. Hatboro soils are mesic. Kinston and Lee soils have siliceous mineralogy and reaction is
strongly acid or more acid throughout the control section. Mantachie soils have siliceous mineralogy and
reaction is strongly acid or more acid throughout the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wehadkee soils occur on flood plains, along streams that drain from the
mountains and piedmont. Slopes are generally less than 2 percent. Wehadkee soils formed in loamy
sediments washed from soils that formed from schist, gneiss, granite, phyllite, and other metamorphic
and igneous rocks. Mean annual precipitation is about 48 inches near the type location and mean annual
temperature is about 60 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 37 to 69 inches, and mean
annual air temperature ranges from 58 to 68 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Chewacla series and
Altavista, Augusta, Buncombe, Congaree, Riverview, Roanoke, State, and Wickham series. Altavista,
Augusta, Roanoke, State, and Wickham soils are on terraces and have argillic horizons. Buncombe soils
are on flood plains typically beside stream channels and are sandy and excessively drained. Chewacla
soils are on flood plain positions that are higher or nearer to stream channels and are somewhat poorly
drained. Congaree and Riverview soils are on flood plains adjacent or near stream channels and are
better drained.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained and very poorly drained. Runoff is very slow
and internal drainage is very slow. Permeability is moderate. Most areas are frequently flooded.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the area is in forest; chiefly water tolerant hardwoods such as
sweetgum, blackgum, water oak, willow, oak, poplar, hickories, beech, and elm. Drained areas are used
for pasture, corn, and hay.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. The soil is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Johnston County, North Carolina; 1911.
http://www2.ftw.nres.usda.gov/osd/dat/WIWEHADKEE.html 2/13/2008
Official Series Description - WEHADKEE Series Page 3 of 3
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from 0 to 8 inches (Ap horizon)
Irregular decrease in organic carbon with depth
Aquic conditions - redoximorphic features associated with wetness in the zone from 8 to 50 inches (Bgl,
Bg2, and Cg horizons)
MLRA = 133A, 133B, 136,153A, 153B
REVISED = 10/2000 KSL
ADDITIONAL DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
N00052 WEHADKEE 0- 2 58- 68 185-250 37- 69 5- 700
NC0233 WEHADKEE 0- 2 58- 68 185-250 37- 69 5- 700
SOI-5 F1oodL F1oodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
N00052 COMMON 0-1.0 APPARENT NOV-MAY 60-60
NC0233 COMMON - APPARENT - 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
N00052 0- 8 FSL L SL 0- 0 95-100 5-20 5- 20
N00052 0- 8 SIL SICL 0- 0 98-100 6-40 5- 35
N00052 8-40 SICL L SCL 0- 0 99-100 18-35 5- 25
N00052 40-50 VAR - - - -
NC0233 0- 8 FSL L SL 0- 0 95-100 5-20 3- 9
NC0233 0- 8 SIL SICL 0- 0 95-100 6-40 3- 12
NC0233 8-40 SIL SICL VFSL 0- 0 95-100 18-35 4- 9
NC0233 40-50 VAR - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
N00052 0- 8 4.5- 6.5 2.-5.0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW
N00052 0- 8 4.5- 6.5 2.-5. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW
N00052 8-40 4.5- 6.5 0.-2. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW
N00052 40-50 - - - -
NC0233 0- 8 4.5- 6.5 2.-5. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW
NC0233 0- 8 4.5- 6.5 2.-5. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW
NC0233 8-40 4.5- 6.5 0.-2. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW
NC0233 40-50 -- --
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
http://www2.ftw.nres.usda.gov/osd/dat[W/WEHADKEE.html 2/13/2008