20081615 Ver 2_EIS Modifications_20100629

Gahagan & Bryant Associates of NC, PLLC
295-A North Green Meadows Drive
Dutch Square Industrial Park
Wilmington, NC 28405-3933
[phone] Fax [phone] CxBA
[e-mail] ENGINEERS * SURVEYORS
08- I LP 15L) a
June 28, 2010
VIA: FEDERAL EXPRESS
Mr. Ian McMillan
Division of Water Quality
2321 Crabtree Blvd. #250
Raleigh, NC 27604
Re: Topsail Beach Renourishment Project
EIS Modification for Inland Borrow Areas
Dear Mr. McMillan:
Enclosed you will find the Topsail Beach Renourishment Project - EIS Modification for Inland
Borrow Areas Report. Also enclosed for your convenience are a CD with/Appendix E and one CD
that includes the Report and Appendix E as one complete PDF file. This report has been submitted to
the Mr. Dave Timpy at the USACE, Ms. Holly Snyder, of NCDENR, Ms. JoAnne Steenhuis, of
DWQ in Wilmington. Should you have any questions or need additional information for the 401
Certification, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely,
GAHAGAN & BRYANT ASSOCIATES of NC, PLLC
o/,
Chris L. Gibson, PE -?-?
Vice President
CLG/mhi
Enclosures
TAMPA, FL HOUSTON, TX LOS ANGELES, CA
[phone] [phone] [phone]
f,V°?I/t5
ft 11-11 LS
,;UN 2 0 2010
DENR HATER QUALITY
WETLODS AND STORMWATER 8RA4CN
NOVATO, CA PHILADELPHIA, PA BALTIMORE, MD WILMINGTON, DE
[phone] [phone] [phone] [phone]
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
08-ILo I,S va,
aWM a'??
r 0
?????a HM# iTOPSAIL BEACH RENOURISHMENT PROJECT

EIS MODIFICATION
FOR INLAND BORROW AREAS
JUNE 18, 2010
Gahagan & Bryant Associates of NC,PLLC.
295-A North Green Meadows Drive
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405
910.313.3338
43
U
*
R
E V
V
YORS
ENGINEERS
SU [
?

Topsail Beach Interim (Emergency) Beach Fill Project - Permit Request
Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement
Table of Contents
1.0 PROJECT PURPOSE ..............................................................................1
2.0 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS .......................................................2
2.1 Methodology ...........................................................................................2
2. 1.1 Reconnaissance Level Studies ...............................................................2
2.1.2 Standardized Geotechnical Investigations .................................................3
2.2 Material Classification .................................................................................5
2.2.1 Native Sand .....................................................................................5
2.2.2 DA203 ...........................................................................................5
2.2.3 DA189 ...........................................................................................6
2.2.4 Federal Channels ...............................................................................7
2.2.4.1 AIWW Channels .........................................................................8
2.2.4.2 Topsail Creek East Entrance, "Cut Across," and Banks Channel ............... ..8
2.3 Summary .............................................................................................. ..9
3.0 PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION PLAN ....................................................... 12
3.1 Borrow Area Locations ............................................................................. 12
3.2 Pipeline Routes ....................................................................................... 13
3.3 Clearing of Disposal Areas .......................................................................... 14
3.4 Excavation Depths ................................................................................... 14
3.5 Levee Reconstruction ............................................................................... 15
3.6 Beach Berm .......................................................................................... 15
3.7 Minimization of Unsuitable Material ............................................................. 16
3.8 Coordination With USACE Navigation Projects ................................................ 17
4.0 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ................................................................... 18
4.1 Geology and Morphology of the Permit Area ................................................... 19
4. 1.1 Sand Source Location ........................................................................ 19
4.1.2 Sand Quality ................................................................................... 20
4.2 Permit Area Habitats ................................................................................ 2 1
4.2.1 Beach and Dune Habitats .................................................................... 2 1
4.2.2 Marine Environment ......................................................................... 2 1
4.2.3 Water Column ................................................................................. 21
4.2.4 Estuarine Habitat .............................................................................. 2 1
4.2.4.1 Primary Nursery Area ................................................................ 25
4.3 Shellfish ............................................................................................... 25
4.4 Water Quality ........................................................................................ 25
4.5 Public Safety .......................................................................................... 26
4.6 Navigation ............................................................................................ 26
4.7 Navigation ............................................................................................ 26
4.8 Socio-Economic Resources ........................................................................ 26
4.9 Land Use .............................................................................................. 26
4.10 Solid Waste .......................................................................................... 26
4.11 Drinking Water ..................................................................................... 27
4.12 Economics .......................................................................................... 27
4.13 Applicants Preferred Alternative ................................................................. 27
Topsail Beach Interim (Emergency) Beach Fill Project - Permit Request
Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement
List of Figures
1 - Original split-spoon locations on potential Inland Borrow Areas 2
2 - Example of "spider" map layout for DA189 4
3 - Grain size distribution of potential borrow areas with Native beach sand 10
4 - Histogram plot of grain size distribution for potential borrow areas and
Native sand 11
5 - Map depicting key borrow and fill areas associated with the proposed
construction project area 12
6 - Map depicting proposed backbarrier pipeline routes and crossover
locations across the barrier island 14
7 - Typical disposal area cross-section depicting construced dikes, spillway
pipe and weir box assembly after completion of dredging efforts 15
8 - Typical beach construction profile for Topsail Beach Renourishment Project 16
9 - Photographs depicting a representative catch basket typically used in
New Jersey beach fill projects 17
10 - Proposed Inland Borrow Area (IBA) Locations 19
11 - IBA wetland boundaries 23
12 - SAV boundaries and densities with proposed dredge entrance channels
and template 24
List of Tables
' 1 - DA203 and Borrow Area X characteristics compared to Native sand 6
2 - DA189 and Borrow Area X characteristics compared to Native sand 7
3 - AIWW and Borrow Area X characteristics compared to Native sand 8
4 - Topsail Creek/Banks Channel and Borrow Area X characteristics
' compared to Native sand 9
5 - Inland Borrow Area Composite Summary Table 10
' 6 - Composited Borrow Area Material and Borrow Area X characteristics
compared to Native sand
10
7 - Inland Borrow Area Composite Summary Table and Composited Borrow
Area Material compared to Native sand 20

Topsail Beach Interim (Emergency) Beach Fill Project - Permit Request
Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement

' List of Appendices
Appendix A - 11 x 17 Maps
Project Location
Vibracore Location
' Contours
Subaquatic Vegetation Location
' Wetland Delineation Sketch
Appendix B - Fence Diagrams
Location Map
' Geotechnical Legend
DA189 Fence Diagram
DA203 Fence Diagram
AIWW Fence Diagram
' Topsail Creek Fence Diagram
' Appendix C - Potential Borrow Areas Comparative Grain Size Charts
Topsail Beach Native vs IBA vs Borrow Area X Grain Size Distribution Curve
Topsail Beach Native vs IBA vs Borrow Area X Grain Size Histogram
' Appendix D - Inland Borrow Area Composite Summary Tables
DA189
DA203
' AIWW and Topsail Creek/Banks Channel
Individual Inland Borrow Area Composites
Comparative Borrow Area and Native Grain Size
' Appendix E - Vibracore Logs, Granularmetric Data, Sieve Analysis, Photographs
DA189
DA203
' AIWW
Topsail Creek
Banks Channel
DA189 Composite
' DA203 Composite
AIWW Composite
Topsail Creek/Banks Channel Composite
1 Inland Borrow Area Composite
*Due to page numbers, Appendix E is provided electronically
' only and can be found on a supplemental Data CD found at the
end of this report*

r

r

n
r

1.0 PURPOSE
According to NEPA, an EIS may be supplemented when new information becomes
available, there is a significant delay in the start of a project, a portion of the project will
be undertaken independently of the whole, or another closely related project will be
undertaken within the permit area.
The purpose of this application is to amend the current EIS documentation for the
Topsail Beach Interim Beach Fill Project and modify the associated permits so that the
Town of Topsail Beach may utilize alternative borrow sources to those designated within
the Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement issued in March 2009.
Specifically these borrow sources, referred to as the Inland Borrow Areas (IBA's) include
sediment deposits within the local Federal Navigation Channels and two Federal
Disposal Islands, DA189 and DA203. These islands are located along the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) opposite Topsail Sound from the Town of Topsail Beach.
This application does not intend to modify the construction activities on the beaches of
Topsail Beach.
The Town, in coordination with the USACE, NC Division of Coastal Management and the
associated federal and state resource agencies, spent significant time and resources
developing the currently permitted beach nourishment, preparing the Environmental
Impact Statement, and procuring the associated state and federal permits to place
approximately 1,000,000 cubic yards of beach quality sand along the 24,700 linear feet
of developed shoreline on Topsail Island. Based on the investigations performed, it was
determined that an ocean borrow area, designated as "Borrow Area X", located
immediately southeast of New Topsail Inlet was the least impactive, most practical
source for obtaining the necessary quantity and quality of sand.
Bids received by the Town during the contract procurement process in 2009 were
significantly higher than anticipated, with the low bid contractor unable to perform the
project until the winter of 2010/2011. The proposed cost and timeframe to construct the
project prompted the Town to investigate if a lower cost alternative sand source exists,
which would also provide an equivalent quality of material and be equal or less
environmentally impactive than Borrow Area X. Based on the logistics and dredging
costs associated with the FY2010 USACE AIWW dredging contract, utilizing inland
borrow sources would result in significant cost savings. It was proposed to the Town that
a series of smaller alternative inland sources could be combined into one project that
would meet the Town's needs. In order to minimize environmental impacts and expedite
the permitting process, the proposed material source sites are limited to the
maintenance dredging of shoal material within the authorized Federal Navigation
Channels which utilize the beaches of Topsail Island for disposal and active USACE
disposal areas, owned by the State of North Carolina, and located within the USACE
AIWW easement.
This document is a geotechnical analysis of the proposed Inland Borrow Areas and a
comparative analysis between the costs and environmental impacts of utilizing Borrow
Area X and the Inland Borrow Areas.
2.0 Geotechnical Investigations
2.1 Methodology
2.1.1 Reconnaissance Level Studies
The North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) has developed specific
protocols for delineating beach nourishment borrow areas. These protocols are defined
in 15A NCAC 07H.0312 and require the sand to have specific characteristics in relation
to the native beach sand and sampling must be taken using a 3" diameter core in a
contiguous manner from the surface of the deposit to the maximum cut depth. The
typically used "vibracore" method is generally utilized for marine deposits or deposits
below the water table. The proposed borrow sites DA203 and DA189 have existing
elevations between +10 and +25 ft NAVD88. The anticipated dredge depths of -8 to - 20
NAVD88 would require vibracores exceeding 30 feet in length with approximately half of
each core being above the water table. The logistics and costs of obtaining 3" diameter
cores with these site conditions are problematic, thus it was decided that
reconnaissance level investigations utilizing a 1.5" split spoon drill rig mounted on an off
road vehicle were warranted. It was known that these investigations would not be valid
for the permitting process, but would provide inexpensive information that would
determine if further investigations and their associated cost were justified.
The reconnaissance study was designed to collect preliminary topography in DA203 and
DA189 and to collect 4-5 evenly spaced cores in each island. The cores would collect a
two foot long sediment sample every 5 feet for geotechnical analysis.
i Mantic

M-90.1
Figure 1. Original split-spoon core locations on potential Inland Borrow Areas (IBAs)
Based upon these initial analysis, DA203 and DA 189 contained 470,000 and 345,000
cubic yards of beach quality sand and that beach quality material was found to a
minimum depth of 8.5 ft NAVD88 (6 ft Mean Low Water) which is sufficient for
2
' flotation of an 18" class dredge. Thus geotechnical investigations of the IBA's meeting
the state Sediment Criteria were proposed and conducted.
2.1.2 Standardized Geotechnical Investigations
' As per the standards required by the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management to
delineate a proposed borrow area, vibracores were collected within each potential
' borrow area. In accordance with state regulations, vertical vibracores were collected
using 3-inch diameter pipe and a minimum of 10 cores were collected for each upland
borrow site. Twelve (12) vibracores were collected for DA203, covering an area of 13.9
' acres while 13 vibracores represent the 16.4 acre DA189. These cores supplement the
investigative split spoon samples collected on the islands (5 cores on DA203 and 4
cores on DA189) in March 2010.
t Additionally, nine (9) vibracores were collected from shoal areas within the federal
channels behind Topsail Island. Four (4) cores were taken within the AIWW, four (4) in
Topsail Creek, and one (1) in Banks Channel.
' In an effort to determine the overall quality of material and to establish the Disposal
Areas as potential borrow sources, the boring locations were chosen in areas that were
' most likely to have unsuitable material. Based on the shape of the islands and the
location of the weir structure, the borings represent areas most likely to have high silt or
high shell content. Vibracores were also collected at the potential dredge entrance
channels to the islands to ensure extensive fine material did not exist outside of the
' Disposal Island confines.
The predetermined core locations were staked out using Real Time Kinematic (RTK)
' GPS and final sample positions were logged both horizontally and vertically using RTK-
GPS. Utilizing a concrete vibrating head, cores were vibrated vertically through the strata
until refusal, capped and extracted. The overall penetration for the core was recorded
' and bottom of hole elevation was calculated. If the desired overall penetration depth was
not achieved, a second pipe was reinserted in the hole, noting the amount of sediment
cave-in, and vibrated further into the ground. Upon extraction, the determined length of
pipe filled with cave-in material was cut off and this procedure was repeated until the
' bottom of hole elevation was below the proposed dredge cut elevation. Pipes were
labeled according to core number as well as sequentially representing the number of
pipes needed to achieve the final depth.
' Upon completion, the cores were taken to the GBA geotechnical lab for splitting, core
description, sampling, drying and sieve analysis. Individual core sections were cut open
' and one half of the core was wrapped, taped and archived as an undisturbed section
while the other half of the core was described and representative samples were removed
for grain size and composition analysis. A portion of the removed sample, representing a
distinct stratigraphic layer within the vibracores, was composited and sent off for
' carbonate analysis. The remaining portion of each sample was dried and sieved to
determine grain size throughout the core. Grain size distribution was adjusted via
weighted average to compensate for the varying thicknesses of sediment layers
' throughout the island. These characteristics determine a weighted average for the
critical criteria of each core thereby allowing a corrected overall grain size, sorting, and
silt percentage for each core.
3
A "spider" map was created in order to determine the total amount of volume within the
borrow area each vibracores represented. To create a spider map, the midpoint of the
straight line distance between two adjacent cores is used to establish polygon
boundaries around each individual core. Spider maps evaluate polygons and link
' significant stratigraphic layers, resolving the three-dimensional space occupied between
core locations. The figure below displays how the spider polygons were broken up for
DA189 and how they influenced the overall proposed dredge template cut depths. The
core in the center of the polygon is assumed to represent all material found within the
polygon boundaries.
t This type of map facilitates dredge template adjustments and provides nearly
instantaneous results while modifying the proposed dredge footprint and excavation
depths while also supplying total material volume within the defined template. This
' procedure has allowed the current design to include various cut depths within DA189 in
order to maximize the total available volume while excluding those areas containing poor
beach quality sediment. Once the total volume of sediment represented by each core
was calculated, an overall composite for the individual borrow area could be calculated
and used to for comparison to geotechnical analysis for both the native material as well
as the previously permitted Borrow Area X found in the Topsail Beach Interim Beach Fill
Project-Permit Request Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, March
' 2009.
4
Figure 2. Example of spider map layout for DA 189
2.2 Material Characteristics
2.2.1 Native Sand
In order to maintain the integrity of current beach parameters, the North Carolina Coastal
Resources Commission (CRC) has established new standards to prevent large amounts
of coarse material (cobbles, large shells and shell hash) as well as excessive fine grain
material (silt and clay) being placed on the beach. Silt and clay (sediment size equal to
or less than 0.063 mm), gravel (material with a diameter equal to or greater than 4.76
mm), and granular sediment (2.0 mm to 4.76 mm) are limited to 5% over the native
beach. The calcium carbonate (shell) fraction of the borrow material is limited to no more
than 15% over the native.
Previous submissions by the Town of Topsail Beach (Topsail Beach Interim Beach Fill
Project-Permit Request Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, March
2009) have identified the native beach characteristics for the proposed nourishment area
to have a mean grain size of 0.24 mm (2.05 phi), 0.94% silt, 0.17% gravel, 0.82%
granular and 11.0% calcium carbonate. Based on current criteria established by the
North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission (CRC), borrow material to nourish this
beach must consist of sediment encompassed within 5.0% range of the native
material-in this case containing no more than 5.94% silt, 5.17% gravel and 26% shell
content.
2.2.2 DA203
DA203 is a 13.9 acre disposal island located at the northeast corner of Topsail Creek
and the AIWW. Approximately 12.4 acres of the island lay within the USACE right of
way. The island varies in characteristics with the southern 10.5 acres having an
elevation between +15 and +25 NAVD88 and appearing to be very sand with dunes and
beach grasses growing. This area has evolved into the primary targeted borrow site
within the island while the northern 3.5 acres, deemed unsuitable based on a preliminary
study, is excluded from the proposed dig area and no additional vibracores were
collected from this area.
t Stratigraphy within DA203 appears to be very uniform and consistent throughout the
island. Material above elevation -3.0 NAVD88 is generally very good, consisting of fine-
grained, quartz rich sand with spotty shell hash. Grain size analysis for the upper portion
' of the cores indicates that this material is generally about 0.18 to 0.19 mm and contains
less than 3.0% fines. There does appear to be a compacted marsh mat that exists
throughout most of the island, averaging around 0.5 to 1.0 feet in thickness. Some of the
vibracores encountered no marsh layer at all, while about 3.3' of total marsh material
was recovered in cores SPT-7, SPT-9, and SPT-10. This marsh layer was easily
identified by its dark gray to black color, high silt content, and often abundant oyster shell
fragments. Below the marsh layer, the quartz rich sediment continued, however slightly
higher silt content was found in this underlying sediment and the grain size was
generally finer than the topmost material (0.17 to 0.18 mm).
Using methodologies described above, an overall composite for DA203 was calculated
based on available material and representative statistics from the vibracores analysis.
5
These numbers can be used to directly compare DA203 with both Topsail Beach's
native sand as well as the offshore option, Borrow Area X.
Table 1:
Borrow material characteristics compared to native material
Borrow Volume Mean Mean Median Median PHI % %
Area CY mm hi mm hi Sorting Silt Shell
Topsail

Native N/A 0.24 2.05 0.21 2.23 0.86 0.94 11
DA203 460,000 0.19 2.42 0.18 2.48 0.50 0.43 4.8
X 1,58
0,00 0.20 2.31 0.16 2
63 1
21 2
17 5
0
0 . . . .
The thin marsh mat found within DA203 is primarily responsible for the increased silt
percentage, however, even with the relict marsh mat material included, the overall silt
percentage is below the allowable 5.94% fines as defined by Native plus 5% rule.
Though the native mean grain size of DA203 (0.19 mm) is smaller than that of Borrow
Area X (0.20 mm), the median of DA203 (0.18 mm) is much larger than that of the
alternative (0.16 mm).
It is important to understand the difference between what the mean and median grain
sizes represent. The mean is the average of the 84th percentile and the 16th percentile
by weight and can easily be persuaded by large amounts of coarse shell hash or silts
and clays. The median grain size is where the grain size curve crosses 50% and
represents the grain size in which exactly half of the material is coarser and half of the
material is finer. In borrow areas which are well sorted (the range of grain sizes within
the site is relatively small), the mean and median values are close together and the phi
sorting (standard deviation) value is small. Sediments containing a large array of
sediment sizes, from very coarse to very fine, have discrepancies between the mean
and median as well as a higher standard deviation.
2.2.3 DA189
DA189 is a 16.4 acre USACE disposal site located at the northeast corner of Harvey's
' Cut and the AIWW. The island is located entirely within the USACE right of way. The site
was most recently used for disposal in the 2006/2007 Mallard Bay Dredging projects and
the Harbor Village Marina dredging projects. The island varies in characteristics with the
highest elevation, approximately 17.0 NAVD88, to the north in the recent disposal area
' and the remaining portions of the island having elevations between +7 and +12 feet
NAVD88. The northernmost 2.5 acres, located closest to the weir box, is known to have
a layer of silt and clay +/- 5 feet in thickness on the surface, so this area has been
excluded from the proposed borrow area.
General stratigraphy for DA189 is similar to DA203 in that there is a sandy component
overlying a marsh mat of varying thickness, underlain by silty sand. The overall grain
size for this island is slightly finer (0.17 mm to 0.18 mm) than that of DA203, however the
material is still comparable to Topsail Beach's native grain size. The marsh mat seen in
DA203 is prevalent here as well, averaging around 1.0 to 1.5 feet in thickness
throughout the island. Similar to the southern island, the range in thickness from 0 feet
to 5.0 feet thick. Again, the marsh layer is easily identifiable by the very high silt content,
dark gray to black color, trace amounts of quartz and high amounts of oyster shells and
6
shell hash. The marsh layer was thickest in vibracores NC-7 and NC-8 (5.0 ft and 4.7 ft,
respectively), however, in nearby core NC-9 the marsh layer was only 1.4 feet thick. The
sudden change in relative thickness may indicate a relict tidal channel running through
the marsh and is most likely isolated and the thicker marsh layer is small in size. The
' large amount of fine material found within these two cores was included in overall grain
size analysis for the borrow site and helps error on the side of caution in terms of overall
silt percentage within the borrow area.
Based on the effective lengths of the stratigraphic layer described by each sample
analyzed, an overall composite sample was created for each core location. These
individual composites were used to calculate a weighted average composite for the
island based upon the total volume represented by each vibracore. The volume totals
were determined based on a spider map created for DA189 and was used to determine
the final dredge footprint and cut depths. The final composited numbers for DA189 can
be used to quickly compare this potential borrow area with the native sand statistics as
well as Borrow Area X.
Table 2:
Borrow material characteristics compared to native material
Borrow Volume Mean Mean Median Median PHI % %
Area CY mm hi mm hi Sorting Silt Shell
Topsail

Native N/A 0.24 2.05 0.21 2.23 0.86 0.94 11
DA189 387,000 0.18 2.50 0.17 2.59 0.52 5.73 4.5
X 1.58 MY 0.20 2.31 0.16 2.63 1.21 2.17 5.0
It should be noted that the silt content found within this island is higher than the other
borrow sites presented. However, this percentage should error on the side of caution as
the substantial marsh layer found within cores NC-7 and NC-8 are believed to be
isolated in nature and not indicative of a substantial marsh layer within the island. The
extreme silt percentages found within this layer worked to drive the overall silt
percentage up and even with the silty strata included in the borrow site, the overall
percentage of fines still falls within tolerance of the native beach sand. Additionally, the
dredging cut depth on DA189 varies throughout the site to exclude poor material found
at the bottom of the cores. Surficial sediment (the top 15 feet) within the borrow area
was generally very good, however the material degraded in quality with depth.
2.2.4 Federal Channels
This study identified three areas within the federally authorized channel system that
would be useful for the Topsail Beach Interim project needs. These areas included the
AIWW and its widener within 3,000 feet of the intersection of Topsail Creek, the east
entrance to Topsail Creek including the cut-across to Banks Channel, and Banks
Channel in the vicinity of Trout Street.
7
2.2.4.1 AIVWV Channels
The USACE Wilmington District has provided GBA with a copy of the environmental
assessment for the inlet crossing widener from Bogue Inlet to the South Carolina state
line. This EA was prepared in 1997, approved by the federal and state agencies in 1998
and the Topsail widener was constructed in the winter of 1998. The widener at Topsail
Creek includes increasing the channel width for approximately 1500 feet to the north and
south from 90 feet to 190 feet. The widener at the mouth of Topsail Creek, which
increased the dredge footprint to 350 feet wide for 1000 feet north and south of the
channel has not been dredged before and was therefore eliminated from the study area.
Despite being included in the general federal navigation permitted area, the Topsail
Creek mouth widener most likely includes poor beach quality sand due to the lack of
dredge activity. The 190 foot widener is continually maintained and therefore contains
young sediment deposits of good beach quality material.
Four (4) vibracores were collected within this designated federal channel in order to
ensure sand quality within the AIWW. Grain size analysis was completed for this area
and the dredge boundaries within the channel and widener sections were defined based
on material quality.
As would be expected, material within the AIWW vibracores was quite uniform with only
one core requiring a second sample to define the stratigraphy. This sample (AIWW-4 #2)
is below the permitted dredge depth for the AIWW and therefore did not affect any
results. Sediment is generally a fine grained, quartz rich, well sorted, tan-brown sand
with shell hash with low silt percentages. This is to be expected as this channel is
regularly maintained and the deposited material is sorted as it travels through the inlet to
the waterway. The individual samples were composited based upon the effective length
of the core and the overall volume represented by the vibracores and a final weighted
average statistical comparison was done between the native sand, the AIWW, and
Borrow Area X.
Table 3:
Borrow material characteristics compared to native material
Borrow Volume Mean Mean Median Median PHI % %
' Area CY mm hi mm hi Sorting Silt Shell
Topsail
Native N/A 0.24 2.05 0.21 2.23 0.86 0.94 11
' AIWW 91,000 0.18 2.48 0.18 2.46 0.33 0.43 7.8
X 1.58 MY 0.20 2.31 0.16 2.63 1.21 7- 1 5.0
"AIWW volumes are an estimate, the USACE will have control of final areas to be dredged and
' therefore total volume to be removed from this federal channel*
2.2.4.2 Topsail Creek East Entrance. "Cut Across," and Banks Channel
t The USACE has maintained the east end of Topsail Creek and the connecting channel
to Banks Channel a number of different ways and in varying locations. A set channel
footprint does not exist, however, utilizing georectified aerial photographs taken during
' previous hydraulic dredging events a general alignment can determined and used for
rough volume estimates and sediment quality insurance. The permitted channel is 150
feet wide with a dredge depth of 8'+2' MLW (max dredge depth 10' MLW) and follows
the thalweg of the channel. For the purposes of this analysis a channel alignment was
designed, however the final dredge channel alignment and volumes will be determined
by the USACE in accordance with their federal navigation permits.
t

Banks Channel is an 80 foot wide channel maintained by the USACE to 7'+2' MLW (max
dredge depth 9.0' MLW). The area between the canals at McLeod Street north to
approximately Smith Street has a chronic issue with shoaling and is a continuing issue
with navigation. As this area is routinely maintained with federal navigational dredging
projects, the sediment deposits are young and the material is well sorted as it travels
through the inlet to its depositional area behind the island.
Due to their close proximity, the 4 Topsail Creek vibracores and the 1 Banks Channel
vibracore were lumped into one composite group. Overall stratigraphy for this area
consisted of a well sorted, fine grained, quartz rich sand with shell hash with low silt
percentages.
Table 4:
Borrow material characteristics compared to native material
Borrow Volume Mean Mean Median Median PHI % %
Area CY mm hi mm hi Sorting Silt Shell
Topsail
Native N/A 0.24 2.05 0.21 2.23 0.86 0.94 11
Topsail
Creek

Banks 107,000 0.24 2.05 0.22 2.17 0.65 0.43 6.8
Channel
X 1.58 MY 0.20 2.31 0.16 2.63 1.21 2.17 5.0
Because of its location, it is not surprising that this is the most compatible sand found
throughout all the borrow areas. Material eroded from the face of Topsail Beach most
likely becomes entrained in the tidal flow throughout the inlet and on a flood tide is
deposited in the channels immediately behind the island. Although the total volume
within these channels is currently nominal, additional deposition is expected throughout
the summer months and the total volume to be removed in the fall should be
substantially higher.
2.3 Summary
It is important to identify the characteristics of each individual borrow site so nothing is
lost in translation and an accurate representation of what will ultimately be placed on the
beach is composed. However, during the actual construction phase of the proposed
project, material from separate borrow areas will be combined to create an ultimate
composite on the beach. In order to gain an understanding of how the final placed
material will behave, its important to determine the overall IBA composite. This was
achieved by compiling a weighted average of all material based upon the total cubic
yardage available in each entity.
9
Table 5:
Inland Borrow Area
Composite Summary Table
Tonsail 2010 Vihracores
Borrow Volume Mean Mean Median Median PHI % %
Area CY mm hi mm hi Sorting Silt Shell
AIWW 91,000 0.18 2.48 0.18 2.46 0.33 0.43 7.8
Topsail

Creek 107,000 0.24 2.05 0.22 2.17 0.65 0.21 6.8
DA203 460,000 0.19 2.42 0.18 2.48 0.50 4.13 4.8
DA189 387,000 0.18 2.50 0.17 2.59 0.52 5.73 4.5
Inland 1.045

Borrow
MY 0.19 2.42 0.18 2.49 0.51 4.00 5.2
Table 6:
Borrow material characteristics comnarerl to native material
Borrow Volume Mean Mean Median Median PHI % %
Area CY mm hi mm hi Sorting Silt Shell
Topsail
Native N/A 0.24 2.05 0.21 2.23 0.86 0.94 11
Inland 1.045

Sources
MY 0.19 2.42 0.18 2.49 0.51 4.00 5.2
X 1.5 0.20 2.31 0.16 2.63 121 2.17 5.0
The tables above provide a summary of this investigation, encompassing all potential
inland borrow areas investigated as well as the native beach sand found on Topsail
Beach (as described in the Topsail Beach Interim Beach Fill Project-Permit Request
Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, March 2009. The characteristics of
Borrow Area X are also supplied for an overall comparison all potential borrow areas.
h•8rw saw us ? a a..ss a -v,s -a m o s.• x s zs s s.saas a
Igo 0
10
20
70 JO
• 40 ;
? m
a S
50
r
f V
80
TO C
so
10, $*rung J _TT
90
700
loo lo o.ol _ o7
IOIIOSnssaa•
Figure 3. Grain size distribution of potential borrow areas with Native beach sand.
10
The grain size distribution curve above overlays both potential borrow sites (Inland
Borrow Areas in Blue, Borrow Area X in Red) with the native beach sand (magenta).
Borrow material from both the proposed IBA sources and Borrow Area X have a
generally smaller grain size than the native beach sand, as indicated by the shift to the
right on the Distribution Graph above. However, the two separate potential borrow areas
are quite similar in overall grain size and should perform in nearly identical manner when
placed on the beach. The slightly higher fine content, shown by the increased amplitude
at the end of the Inland Borrow Area plot, is representative of material that will remain
suspended as sand is pumped onto the beach and will generally wash offshore during
construction.
me Mrw fna. ate J -i •] 4.6 .t OJ 0 YJ 1 1A f - b -3.1. ?
10
20
30
40
so
W
70
so
90
0
a,
m
t
t
w
S
S
a
eoo
0.1 5 0.01 01
Auffi et-
Figure 4. Histogram plot of grain size distribution for potential borrow areas and Native
sand.
The histogram graph above describes the percentage of material retained on each sieve
and is a good way to compare the overall distribution of material within a sample. The
native beach sand is represented with the magenta color, the IBA's are portrayed in
' blue, and Borrow Area X is shown in red. As in the previous grain-size distribution curve,
both potential borrow sites are quite similar in grain size distribution. There is, however,
a slight difference in that the most of the material from the IBA's is retained on the
number 80 sieve (2.5 phi, 0.18 mm) while the majority of material from Borrow Area X
fell on the number 120 sieve (3.0 phi, 0.13 mm). Additionally, Borrow Area X contains
higher amounts of coarse material accumulating on the 11/16" sieve (-3.5 phi, 11.31
mm).
t Upon completion of both the reconnaissance level study and the more in depth
standardized geotechnical investigations, its interesting to compare the results of the
study. Utilizing split spoons to classify the overall sediment within each borrow area,
DA203 had a mean and median grain size of 0.18 mm and a silt content of 3.7%; DA189
also had a mean and median grain size of 0.18 mm, with an average silt content of
3.2%. Rough dredge templates based upon the initial findings and layout of the
reconnaissance cores allowed for volume estimates of 470,000 cubic yards in DA203,
345,000 CY in DA189, 151,000 CY in the AIWW, and 254,000 cubic yards in Topsail
Creek and Banks Channel. These findings are quite similar to the much more detailed
11
and involved standardized geotechnical investigation. In future borrow area
investigations, preliminary studies involving scattered split spoon coring techniques can
portray a very accurate representation of material existing in the potential borrow site.
It is evident that although material from both borrow areas defined (IBA and Borrow Area
X) is not ideal, both potential areas are comparable with each other. Considering the
time frame in which the project needs to be completed, it is not feasible to begin a
completely new search for coarser, well sorted, beach quality sand. Material from both
the Inland Sources as well as Borrow Area X will provide adequate sand for the
sediment starved beaches of Topsail Island affording storm protection and recreational
beach. The primary difference between sand sources lies in the overall project costs and
environmental impacts, which are significantly reduced with inshore dredging practices.
In order to provide Topsail Beach with the quickest, most economical, and
environmentally friendly solution, the Inland Borrow Area solution should be utilized to its
full potential.
The appendices found at the end of this document contain all grain size analysis reports
for each sample taken from the vibracores. Included within these reports are the
descriptive vibracore logs, granularmetric reports for each sample and cumulative grain-
size distribution curves for each sample. Photographs of the vibracores, taken in 2 foot
sections, are also included. Detailed spreadsheets of how the composite samples were
formed can be found there, as well as statistical analysis for each compiled sample. In
addition, fence diagrams cut through each Inland Borrow Area can be found.
3.0 PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION PLAN
Due to an imminent need for a beach nourishment project along the oceanfront of
Topsail Beach, onset of beach fill construction is proposed for the fall of 2010. This
project will involve a multi-faceted approach, targeting several key borrow areas to
achieve the quantity and quality of material necessary to meet and exceed state
standards in constructing a viable beach. The proposed plan calls for 1,045,000 cubic
yards (cy) of material to be pumped along approximately 25,000 ft of Topsail Beach's
oceanfront shoreline.
3.1 Borrow Area Locations
Each proposed borrow area is situated in the backbarrier area or landward of the barrier
island atop of which the Town of Topsail Beach resides. These areas have been
designated for discussion as the Inland Borrow Areas (IBA's). There are several
advantages in utilizing viable borrow sites situated in the backbarrier as opposed to the
open ocean. Parameters associated with every beach construction effort such as
project length, weather, and safety dictate cost to some degree. Performing construction
operations (i.e., dredging) landward of the island as opposed to the open ocean affords
greater protection against inclement weather delays that directly affect project duration
and cost negatively. Ultimately, the proposed plan for the IBA dredging seeks to limit
risk and reduce costs that would otherwise exist in an offshore dredging operation in
North Carolina waters during the winter months. However, this proposed approach has
its own logistical issues that must be taken into account.
Key areas associated with the project will include the IBA's and fill areas along the
oceanfront of Topsail Beach. There are four designated borrow sites that are targeted to
12
achieve the necessary volume and quality of material required for the project (Figure 5).
These sites include portions of the Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) maintained
Disposal Area (DA) 189 and Disposal Area 203. Other targeted sites include the
federally maintained navigation channels of Topsail Creek, Banks Channel, and the
Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW). Four main segments have been delineated
along the oceanfront to receive dredge material during construction phase. Each
segment of the oceanfront will receive material from a specified borrow area to reduce
project cost, streamline workflow, and optimize the sediment source budget. Currently,
the proposed oceanfront fill segment boundaries are conditional and subject to change
based on the contractor's schedule of work.
The project will involve the use of a hydraulic dredge in the 16"-20" class. Dredges of
this type are typically able to pump medium to fine grain sediments 18,000 to 20,000 ft
economically on a single booster pump. Extending beyond this length requires an
additional booster pump, which increases mobilization and unit costs. For this reason
the proposed plan limits pipeline routes to 19,000 ft maximum from any borrow site and
expects an average pumping distance of 16,000 ft. A majority of the borrow sites are
situated directly landward of the southern extent of the project's fill area. The viability of
DA-189 for suitable borrow material has proved crucial to this project in that it allows
pipeline lengths to remain under the 19,000-ft ceiling and provide material along the
northern extent of the project area.
3.2 Pipeline Routes
' Planned pipeline routes will follow corridors used previously during historic dredge and
nourishment events in the local area. The USACE has previously utilized specific
crossover points, which are approved use areas, across the island to access the beach
with dredge pipeline. A suitable pipeline route for dredging DA-189 and discharging fill
to the oceanfront beach will follow Harvey's Cut and cross over the island at Queen's
Grant, a previously used USACE crossover corridor (Figure 6). Similarly, the pipeline
route associated with dredging practices to the south at DA-203 and in the federal
' navigation channels will follow Topsail Creek and cross over the island at Smith Avenue.
The Smith Avenue crossover has been used by the USACE as recently as 2007 when
Topsail Creek and the AIWW were hydraulically dredged and 175,000 cy of fill was
I placed along Topsail Beach's oceanfront. It is important to note that the current EIS,
created for the Town of Topsail Beach mapped density and extent of submerged aquatic
vegetation (SAV) along the length of Banks Channel (found in Appendix A). Utilizing
13
Figure 5. Map depicting key borrow and fill areas associated with the proposed
construction project area.
previous pipeline crossover corridors, such as those mentioned, would mitigate negative
impacts to SAV located in Banks Channel.
11
11
11
11
1 3.3 Clearing of Disposal Areas
The disposal areas maintained by the USACE and targeted for borrow material were
' cored consistent with protocol defined by the North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management (DCM) for sediment criteria analysis. Each of the USACE-maintained DA
sites present a unique challenge to accessing their respective borrow material with the
use of a hydraulic dredge. Locations of proposed cuts into each DA are based on
minimizing environmental impacts on marsh vegetation surrounding these sites and also
consider draft depths that dredges of this class require.
With the exception of the area designated for cut-in access to a DA, no vegetation that
exists currently outside the dikes or surrounding the DA will be impacted by project
construction efforts. Established vegetation within the dikes of each DA will be cleared
and burned if it resides above proposed dredge material. For example, DA-189 is
heavily vegetated with woody growth trees, shrubs and low-lying growth across
approximately 96% of the proposed dredge area. Vegetation will be cleared and
relocated to the northern extent of the disposal site to be burned prior to dredging efforts.
DA-203, in comparison, is sparsely vegetated in the area of proposed dredge removal
and as a result, little to no clearing of vegetation is expected in the proposed area of
disturbance. Upon removal of vegetation, dredging efforts will be able to proceed at
' these sites.
3.4 Excavation Depths
i Based on vibracores and sediment analysis, each borrow area has a defined dredge
depth or cut limit proposed for acquiring quality fill material in a given locale. Each
borrow site possesses distinct sediment characteristics and unique layers or units of
' material that vary with depth. Proposed dredge depth limits vary from one site to
another utilizing the optimum sediment characteristics of a given borrow site while
achieving needed sediment volumes for the fill area. DA-189, alone, is comprised of five
I distinct zones of varying dredge depth limits (i.e., ranging from -11.0 ft to -19.0 ft NAVD

88 or -8.5 ft to -16.5 ft MLW), as seen in the drawings in Appendix A.
14

Figure 6. Map depicting proposed backbarrier pipeline routes and crossover locations
across the barrier island.
DA-203 however has a proposed uniform dredge depth of -8.5 ft NAVD 88 (-6.0 ft MLW).
Similarly, the federally maintained navigation channels possess unique dredge depth
limits in accordance with USACE dredging permits, listed below.
Once dredging operations are completed in these disposal areas, work will be
' implemented to effectively close the previously penetrated dikes and return both DA
sites to contained disposal facilities (CDF). Material deemed unsuitable for beach fill will
be harvested from the DA and used to rebuild that portion of dike affected by dredge
penetration efforts into the site. Slopes of 2:1 will be constructed for all dikes
' surrounding the disturbed portion of each DA (Figure 7). Due to a shallow dredge entry
point on DA-189 and associated marsh impacts, a relatively flat slope outside the
refurbished dike will be built, post-project, that will promote marsh vegetation growth with
' planting implemented, if deemed necessary.
An existing outfall pipe and weir box assembly currently exists on DA 189. In order to
The AIWW is -16.5 ft NAVD 88 (12'+2' MLW).
Topsail Creek has a dredge depth permitted to -12.5 ft NAVD 88 (8'+2' MLW)
Banks Channel is permitted to -11.5 ft NAVD 88 (7'+2' MLW)
Proposed channel alignments and dredge template boundaries for navigational channels
are approximate. The USACE Navigation Branch consistent with USACE dredging
permits will determine final alignments.
3.5 Levee Reconstruction
utilize this existing assembly, a trench will be excavated extending from the weir box and
that material then used to rebuild the previously penetrated dike. DA-203 will have a
new outfall pipe and weir box assembly constructed to meet USACE and DCM
regulations for a CDF. Approximately 250,000-300,000 cy of capacity will be created for
1 the USACE in each DA as a result of dredging these borrow sites for this project.

TYPICAL DA CROSS-SECTION
NOT TO SCALE
TYPICAL SPILLWAY PIPE &
WEIR BOX ASSEMBLY
NOT TO L

F%IL' ? --,
BORROW
Rnvu en MATERIAL
-1' uiw Re
NOf 1.
DIKE
s a uLw
a
6 6.4' MLW 9 I PIPE SUP- ORTS'k
9REOLE OFPrH SPILLWAY PIPE
"ND
Figure 7. Typical disposal area cross-section depicting constructed dikes, spillway pipe
and weir box assembly after completion of dredging efforts.
3.6 Beach Berm
Construction parameters of the beach profile and shoreline extent to be nourished, along
the oceanfront fill area of Topsail Beach, will follow the general engineered beach plan
as described in the current EIS document (Figure 8). Beach slope (15:1) and berm
15
elevation (6.0 ft NAVD88) will generally follow the typical construction profile proposed in
the supplemental EIS. Minor berm width and slope alterations may occur due to
changes in the native profile that have occurred along the oceanfront since composition
of the EIS.

25
20
15
a 10
a
z
x 5
c
0
w 0
.5
-10
TOWN OF TOPSAIL BEACH
TYPICAL BEACH CONSTRUCTION PROFILE
Berm Width Varies 118 ft to 204 ft
Average =156 ft
Berm
E Elev = 6.0' NAVD
Template
-15
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Distance from Baseline (ft)
Figure 8. Typical beach construction profile for Topsail Beach Renourishment Project.
3.7 Minimization of Unsuitable Material
Despite the best efforts of a thorough geotechnical investigation of each borrow area,
there remains a chance that undesirable material may reside in a portion of the targeted
borrow areas. Undesirable material would include rock (> 3" clasts) or sediment high (>
5.9%) in fines. It's important to note, that in the event material is discovered during
construction that is obviously unsuitable or undesirable for the oceanfront fill area the
' contractor will alter their current production of work to minimize unnecessary
incorporation with quality fill.
If significant amounts of rock is encountered, significant localized shell deposits from
previous dredging operations are encountered, or if the compressed marsh mat does not
fully dissolve in transport as anticipated, a solution will be implemented by requiring the
contractor to install catch baskets on the discharge end of the pipeline (Figure 9). This
method is used frequently in the state of New Jersey's beach fill projects to catch
unexploded ordinances traveling through pipelines and prior to inclusion with fill on the
beach. These catch baskets are comprised of steel screens with openings of 2" and
effectively retain shell components and rock exceeding that dimension. Any rock
dredged and retained by these baskets would either be relocated back to a disposal site
or used by the Town in a beneficial manner off the beach.
i
MLW (BEAUFORT DATUM)
Pre-Construction
Profile
16

F r'

.

"

C, A?

Figure 9. Photographs depicting a representative catch basket typically used in New
Jersey beach fill projects.
3.8 Coordination With USACE Navigation Projects
Maintenance dredging of Banks Channel Topsail Creek, and the AIWW is conducted by
the USACE approximately every 3 to 4 years. Based on the normal cycle, conditions of
the channel and discussion with the Wilmington District Navigation Branch, it was
anticipated and confirmed that the Corps is preparing for maintenance dredging activities
during the winter of 2010/2011. However, determining federal funding for dredging
these channels has yet to be finalized by Congress.
The applicant is currently coordinating and through this process will continue to
coordinate with the USACE to maximize the beneficial use of maintenance material from
these channels. In previous years, when funding or logistics precluded the use of a
hydraulic dredge in Topsail Creek, the Corps has utilized the side cast dredge Merritt or
Frye to clear the channel to authorized depth. Although the side cast method is
sometimes a least cost alternative for providing navigation access, this operation does
not have the secondary benefit of placing sand on the beach.
Ultimately, the Town of Topsail Beach would prefer to fund this proposed portion of the
project in conjunction with the other nourishment activities proposed in the event the
federal funding to dredge the channels and place the material on the beach is not
authorized. The Town is closely coordinating with the USACE Wilmington District's
Navigation Branch to make sure that the maintenance activities in these channels is
accomplished and that the material is used beneficially. In the event that 2011 federal
funding is not appropriated or if the USACE decides to dredge these areas with a side-
casting dredge, the applicant would like to be prepared to undertake these maintenance
activities under the USACE's nationwide general permit.
17
4.0 Alternative Analysis
The purpose for the process required to generate an Environmental Impact Statement is
to determine the least environmentally damaging, practical solution to an existing
problem. The Applicant in coordination through the Project Delivery Team, including the
USACE, state and federal resources agencies, and local environmental and stakeholder
groups reviewed three (3) primary alternatives to resolve the current shoreline erosion
issues within the Town of Topsail Beach. These three options included;
1. "Non-Structural Alternative", i.e. continue beach scraping as historically
performed,
2. "No Action Alternative", i.e. do not perform any maintenance and remove or
relocate structures and infrastructure as necessary,
3. "Beach Fill"; i.e. re-nourish the beach with approximately 800,000 to 975,000 cy
of beach quality sand.
The environmental and economic consequences of these options was fully described in
Section 5 of the Supplemental EIS. Option 3 was and remains the Applicant's preferred
alternative. This alternatives analysis does not attempt to alter the magnitude of the
beachfill operations, however it does offer a lower cost alternative borrow source to
Borrow Area X that also has less environmental impacts. Because the alternatives
analysis has already indicated that beach fill is the preferred alternative, the impacts of
the fill operation have been thoroughly documented and Borrow Area X is the preferred
borrow area of those options investigated, the analysis will only compare the proposed
"Inland Borrow Areas" (IBA's) to Borrow Area X.
In the initial evaluation of potential borrow areas, use of the Federal Channels was
discussed but eliminated as an option due to the perceived limit in quantity of material.
Likewise the use of the USACE Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) DA203 was also
eliminated as a potential source for the same reason even though both sites contained
beach quality sand. Logistically, neither site is practical for placing material at the
northern portion of the project because dredges in the 16"-18" class, which are capable
of operating in draft constraints less than 16 ft do not have the horsepower to
economically pump beach quality sand the required distance. At that time, an offshore
' borrow source was deemed the most practical solution and eventually Borrow Area X,
located southeast of New Topsail Inlet was permitted as the most viable source.
' During the period in which the EIS was being prepared by the Town, GBA, working on a
project not associated with the Applicant, discovered another potential source of beach
quality sand. In preparing a portion of DA189 for use as the disposal site for two small
scale maintenance dredging projects, it was discovered that the island contained a
' substantial quantity of material that appeared to be beach quality. This island is located
across Topsail Sound from the development know as Queen's Grant at the northern
extent of the Town.
After procuring bids for construction of the permitted project, the Town realized that a
beach fill project utilizing Borrow Area X might not be fiscally responsible. Other options
needed to be evaluated prior to award of the contract. At a public meeting, the idea was
presented to the Town that utilizing the combination of the USACE Federal Channels,
DA203, and DA189 as a borrow area may produce enough beach quality sand to
perform the project at a reduced cost. Reconnaissance level investigations provided
18
positive information and final investigations adhering to state and federal protocols were
performed to fully develop these borrow areas.
4.1 Geology and Morphology of the Permit Area
By changing the borrow area for the project from Borrow Area X to the IBA's many of the
effects to morphology and geology of the project area will be removed. Of the +/-3,600 of
sub-tidal habitat within the project limits, approximately 50% of that area is associated
with the offshore borrow areas investigated or designated. Use of the IBA's will remove
the impacts to these areas that are fully described in the Supplemental EIS.
In addition to the immediate impacts to the dredge area, use of the IBA's will eliminate
potential impacts to the New Topsail Inlet complex, including the flood and ebb shoals,
as well as potential impacts to Lee/Hutaff Island.
4.1.1 Sand Source Location
' The sand Source location as described in previous sections are the federally maintained
navigation channels and two man-made confined disposal facilities along the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway. These are sites which are currently permitted for regular
disturbance, either the dredging of shoal material from the channels or with the CDF's,
earthmoving to create levees and placement of shoal material from various public and
privately maintained channels.
Because the CDF's are upland sites, a determination of the need for a mining permit
through NCDENR Division of Land Resources was necessary. E-mail communications
with Mr. Dan Sams of DLR on April 29, 2010 confirmed that a mining permit was not
necessary for the proposed activities.
The USACE Wilmington District Navigation Branch has informed the Applicant that a
Consent Agreement will be required to remove material from the sites. This consent is
the same type of agreement as what would be required to place material into the sites.
Figure 10. Proposed Inland Borrow Area (IBA) Locations
19
4.1.2 Sand Quality
The North Carolina Coastal Resource Commission (CRC) adopted the State Sediment
Criteria Rule (15A NCAC 07H.0312) for beach nourishment borrow material in order to
regulate the quality of materials placed on the beach and insure the quality aesthetics
and habitat of the beach and nearshore environments. For investigation purposes the
IBA's were separated into four regions; DA203, DA189, the AIWW, and Topsail Creek/
Banks Channel. Each of these areas was evaluated individually and the group was
evaluated cumulatively against the Native Beach to determine compatibility. Each site
was determined to be compatible individually and the IBA as a whole determined to be
compatible by the CRC standards.
The sediment was also found to be comparable to that found in the previously selected
Borrow Area X. The average silt content in the IBA's is approximately 1.8% higher than
Borrow Areas X, but is well within state guidelines.
Table 7:
Inland Borrow Area
Composite Summary Table
Topsail 2010 Vibracores
Borrow Volume Mean Mean Median Median PHI % %
Area (CY) (mm) (phi) (mm) (phi) Sorting Silt Shell
AIWW 91,000 0.18 2.48 0.18 2.46 0.33 0.43 7.8
Topsail
107
000 0.24 2.05 0.22 2.17 0.65 0.21 6.8
Creek ,
DA203 460,000 0.19 2.42 0.18 2.48 0.50 4.13 4.8
DA189 387,000 0.18 2.50 0.17 2.59 0.52 5.73 4.5
Inland
1.05 MY 0.19 2.42 0.18 2.49 0.51 4.00 5.2
Borrow
Borrow material characteristics compared to native material
Borrow Volume Mean Mean Median Median PHI % %
Area (CY) (mm) (phi) (mm) (phi) Sorting Silt Shell
Topsail

Native N/A 0.24 2.05 0.21 2.23 0.86 0.94 11
IBA 1.05 MY 0.19 2.42 0.18 2.49 0.51 4.00 5.2
X 1.58 MY 0.20 2.31 0.16 2.63 1.21 2.17 5.0
20
' 4.2 Permit Area Habitats
4.2.1 Beach and Dune Habitats
' The proposed change in Borrow Site location does not affect the proposed beachfill. Fill
material is of comparable quality and the fill design and associated impacts will not be
altered by changing from Borrow Area X to the IBA's.
' 4.2.2 Marine Environment
The Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement and associated Essential Fish
' Habitat assessment has documented the projects impacts to various endangered and
threatened species, as well as species designated as Species of Concern by the state of
North Carolina or federal government. As previously noted the proposed changes in
' borrow site location will remove potential impacts to marine species caused by the
excavation activities. These impacts, though deemed temporary and minor, were
significant enough to warrant pre-project monitoring and post project monitoring of
' habitats, macro-invertebrates, and bathymetry for a minimum of two years after project
completion.
4.2.3 Water Column
Impacts to the water column associated with the IBA's will be less than with Borrow Area
X. The impacts to the water column for either borrow site are temporary and primarily
related to turbidity and larval entrainment. The dredging operations will not occur within
the immediate inlet complex which is of greatest concern and dredging operations within
the channels are the same operations which would take place as channel maintenance,
thus no additional impacts beyond those previously permitted and scheduled will occur.
4.2.4 Estuarine Habitat
Use of Borrow Area X does not result in direct impacts to the estuarine habit in the
project area, however the IBA's will result in direct impacts to approximately 0.65 acres
of estuarine habitat
Excavation of DA203 and DA189 will result in temporary and permanent impacts to the
estuarine environment. At each site an entrance cut must be made into the sites in order
for the dredge to excavate material from the interior of the levee. Upon completion and
where practical, these channels will be backfilled and returned to pre-project condition.
At the DA203 site the planned entrance cut is along the shoreline of Topsail Creek. No
significant marsh exists in this area and the levee and channel side slope are
contiguous. Thus the post-project re-build of the levee at this location will restore the
area to pre-project conditions. Temporary disturbance between the permitted federal
channel and the man-made levee is limited 0.05 acres of sand bottom. Based on the
geotechnical instigation, the material, slope angle and current velocities in this area
result in a dynamic habitat that is not conducive to shellfish populations, salt marsh
plants, or SAV's.
At DA189, the toe of the federal channel is approximately 200 feet from the shoreline
and the levee is ringed by saltmarsh and sporadic 404 wetlands. In addition there exists
21
sporadic patches of SAV along the entire shoreline of DA189. Water clarity in Topsail
Sound results in conducive habitats for SAV from elevation 0.0 to -3.0 MLW. At DA189
this is a band approximately 100-150 ft in width. The entrance cut location was
specifically selected to minimize disturbance to both SAV and wetland species. The 100
ft wide channel was located at the point where the width of the Spartina Alternaflora is
minimal, where no 404 wetlands are to be impacted, and where SAV populations are
limited to scattered individual plants. The entrance cut will impact a total of 0.55 acres;
0.25 acres of sand bottom, 0.25 acres of sand bottom with scattered SAV's, and 0.05
acres of Spartina Alternaflora. The SAV population to be disturbed is very limited and
estimated at approximately 30 individual plants.
Upon completion of dredging operations the levee at the entrance location will be rebuilt.
As part of the levee reconstruction the area of impact to the Spartina marsh will be
replanted and restored.
22
23
DA-203 Wetland Delineation Map
Figure 11. IBA wetland boundaries.
24
DA-203 Sub-Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) Map
Figure 12. SAV boundaries and densities with proposed dredge entrance channels
and template.
4.2.4.1 Primary Nursery Area
The North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources has designated
' certain areas within as Primary Nursery Areas (PNA). PNA's are located in the upper
portions of creeks and bays. These areas are usually shallow with soft muddy bottoms and
surrounded by marshes and wetlands. Low salinity and the abundance of food in these areas
' is ideal for young fish and shellfish.
To protect juveniles, many commercial fishing activities are prohibited in these waters
including the use of trawl nets, seine nets, dredges or any mechanical methods used for
' taking clams or oysters. "New Work" dredging activities in PNA's are also prohibited under
North Carolina's Dredge and fill law. Neither Topsail Creek nor the eastern side of the AIWW
channel in the vicinity of DA203 and DA189 are designated as PNA, however, the adjacent
tributaries to these main channels are designated as PNA. The proposed activities do not
result in impacts to any primary nursery area.
4.3 Shellfish
' The areas adjacent to both DA203 and DA189 are open to shellfishing. DA189 is located
across the AIWW from the aquaculture lease owned and operated by the Lee family of
Hampstead, NC. However, the east side of the AIWW channel in the vicinity of DA189 is
not known as an active shellfish bed and does not produce a significant quantity of
shellfish. Likewise the shoreline of Topsail Creek adjacent to DA203 does not have
significant populations of shellfish.
4.4 Water Quality
' Increased turbidity, the reduction in clarity of the water column due to suspended solids,
is expected within any dredging project. The magnitude of turbidity is directly correlated
the discharge quantity and the particulate size of the dredged material, specifically the
' silt content. With hydraulic dredging, turbidity is created in limited amounts at the
excavation point by the cutterhead and then at the discharge or fill site as the slurried
material is placed on the beach and the material goes through the winnowing process.
' Sand and shell particles fall out of suspension rapidly while silt particles take a longer
time period to settle and are carried into the adjacent waters, creating localized turbidity.
The average silt content of Borrow Area X is 2.13% while the average silt content of the
' IBA's is 4.0%. Although the silt content within the IBA's is higher than Borrow Area X, the
size dredge to be utilized is smaller, thus the turbidity is expected to be similar. Both of
these sites meet the state and federal criteria for silt content and turbidity is expected to
' be less than the standard limit of 25 NTU's set by NC Division of Water Quality.
It should be noted that the borrow material within DA203 and DA189 are anthroprogenic
formations and the material is not homogenous. Both sites contain a thin (<2 ft) thick
layer of relict marsh material which has silt content ranging from 30-60%. This marsh
material is embedded within 20 to 30 feet of high quality material and is 3 ft above the
minimum cut depth of a 16" dredge. It is expected that this material will be mixed with
' material containing significantly less silt during the dredging process. There will be short
periods where turbidity will be increased as this material is dredged, however turbidity is
not expected to exceed those levels typically found during inclement weather periods. In
25
2000 and 2003 material from DA236 and DA241 was placed onto Figure "8" Island using
' 12"-18" size dredging plants. These islands both had similar marsh strata and the
turbidity during those projects remained localized to within 500 feet of the discharge
point and did not exceed state standards of 25 NTU. The results of the proposed
' activities are expected to be the same.
4.5 Public Safety
' Using the IBA's as a borrow source will not affect public safety differently from Borrow
Area X.
4.6 Navigation
Utilizing the IBA's will result in positive benefits to Navigation. The project will remove
existing shoals from the federally authorized channels and will provide disposal capacity
for shoal material in DA189 and DA203 totaling +/-500,000 cy. The USACE currently has
a shortfall of upload dredge disposal capacity at the Topsail Creek crossroads. Although
' maintenance material is typically placed on the beach as a beneficial use, the USACE
Dredge Material Management Plan for the AIWW requires that the USACE maintain
sufficient disposal capacity in the vicinity of the inlet crossing to provide emergency
storage for shoaling caused by hurricanes or unforeseen events (personal
communication Howard Varnum, Acting Chief of Navigation, USACE Wilmington
District). Refurbishment of DA203 and DA189 would satisfy the needed capacity.
4.7 Historic Properties and Cultural Resources
The IBA's are located in previously disturbed areas and no new impacts to cultural or
' historic resources are expected.
4.8 Socio-Economic Resources
The impacts of the proposed project to socio-economic resources including
demographics, aesthetics, recreational resources, commercial fishing, and recreational
fishing resources are described in Section 5.9 of the Supplemental EIS. The impact of
' the IBA's will be the same as those associated with Borrow Area X.
4.9 Land Use
' The impacts to Land Use are described in Section 5.10 of the Supplemental EIS. The
impact of the IBA's will be the same as those associated with Borrow Area X. No direct
or indirect impacts are expected.
4.10 Solid Waste
' The impacts to Solid Waste are described in Section 5.11 of the Supplemental EIS. The
impact of the IBA's will be the same as those associated with Borrow Area X. No direct
or indirect impacts are expected.

26
' 4.11 Drinking Water
The impacts to Drinking Water are described in Section 5.12 of the Supplemental EIS.
The impact of the IBA's will be the same as those associated with Borrow Area X. No
' direct or indirect impacts are expected.
4.12 Economics
' The main reason for investigating an alternative to Borrow Area was X was the cost
associated with project. In the fall of 2009 the applicant solicited bids to constructed the
proposed Interim Beach Nourishment Project utilizing Borrow Area X. The low bid for
placing 877,500 cy of material on the beach was $12,257,750 and the estimated
monitoring cost directly associated with Borrow Area X was an additional $750,000. This
results in a total cost of $13,000,000 and was 23% higher than anticipated in the
Supplemental EIS.
It is estimated that the placement of an equivalent amount of material from the Inland
t Borrow Area would cost approximately $9,530,000 to permit and construct, with no post
project monitoring required. This cost was cross referenced and found constent with the
bids and contracts for the 2010 USACE Wilmington District AIWW dredging and beach
placement projects. Utilizing the IBA's is expected to result in a savings of $3,470,000
' (27%) to the town as compared to utilizing Borrow Area X.
As a secondary benefit, the project creates 500,000 cy of storage capacity for future
' dredge material the is not beach compatible. Based on the USACE charges for disposal
of $2.50 per cubic yard placed, this has a value of $1,250,000. Although the applicant
will not see these benefits directly, these are funds that can be utilized by the USACE for
' dredging rather than levee construction and thus the channels and waterways have the
potential for increased funding for dredging activities.
4.13 Applicants Preferred Alternative
' The Aplicant's preferred alternative to mitigate chronic shoreline erosion remains placing
between 800,000 - 975,000 cubic yards of sand along the beach of Topsail Beach. After
' completion of the Supplemental EIS in which the Applicants Alternative 3B, Beach
Renourishment utilizing Borrow Area X, was selected as the most practical solution,
further investigations indicated that utilizing the federal channels and federal disposal
' areas was a more cost efficient method while providing a similar quantity of beach
compatible sand.
The positive environmental impacts of changing the proposed borrow area from Borrow
' Area X to the IBA's are; (a) a reduction in impacts to marine habitats, specifically open
water EFH's and (b) removal of potential impacts to the flood and ebb shoal system of
New Topsail Inlet.
The positive economic impacts of changing the proposed borrow area from Borrow Area
X to the IBA's are; (a) a reduction in construction and monitoring cost incurred by the
applicant of 27%, from $13,000,000 to $9,530,000 and (b) the secondary benefit of
$1,250,000 by creating 500,000 cubic yards of dredge material disposal capacity in
DA189 and DA203.

27
1
E

C

1

n

Appendix A
11 x 17 Maps

4.

a
.

z e

col,
? oh
r

ZZSTFs?E'oLs .,xed
3ulw
geO U8GJD-N
V-9.M
?s•o?s ael 92iODd2i9I/? DN /HDb'99
secs euo•N 6 .181
A3 s1xoPeepy EE dVW NOIl` D0 ?I`dSd01
Olld ON Jo saltlloosstl
1NtlAN8 4 Ntl9tlNtl9
ii-
? N
00
E? 0 O
Now
,. 3 Y C 10
J-1 Mok
0 cu
""y? •10 v E U
ry ?(?\] N VI L y U N V)
CD (A CL
U 0 O
4N 0 LL
-0 10 X
C
n? rn" 0 Q
LLJ
L Q N> t 1p m
E Q
3 M E O cu 3 Q w
a > Q E 0 t 3
ca M
a m au v ao 3
a , Em p a, o+ O
-p y errs .? m J N Z Z O
"f "z - vs: L i0 G7 7 ' Z f
W o m E
I- `?"?RJ2 31 lcn ,, _ - U U L N O Y W 0 0 ?-'
- ,_ C U f6'
a m
N D D
a
u' LU
r? ?? a u ?c Q a>i ° co co u?
a
LL# un F d :. 2i a _ - Vl L q N N j > > V N
ai a3m m 0
a m U d
F QC f In U >
gm -
s `tr
Nr ,9P +. t : ss
4s$-. - : -f L w
C3
`" - w aw -
vp r
41 ? y
€ a
ashy

9 ;D t +994S 09L = . t :sIDDS omivo 1aoinv3a) Miw oS t = .1 :91DOS
u 097 o
9MO'HOUMIVSd01 MUDN BulMOJO 8861 OMN '
910 :A8 PSM0949 MYIf :18 uMDJU 8861 OAVN :wnjDO I9)3I09A
Ot/SZ/Zo - Ol/VZ/ZO :s}D(I AsAunS £80VN suDId a}DJS DUIIOJDD 44JON :wn}DQ ID}uOzlJOH
40098 Ilosdol 6002 3v 4uno0 Jepusd 800Z :0404d IDIJOY
0 t/ZO/90 :94DO BMO :se40N
RMIL£'Ot8 SOM M ' oILU sslJSS OSL slQwlJl :UO14D1S ssDS Sd9 9140weuDI
Ova mopes" wu0 W" y-S6b )1121 OOLS s19w1J1 :Opll PUD uOI41SOd
Olld'ON 10
sa><elaossy 4usRJs g usBeys9 DeJV MoJJOg :}uswdlnb3
-
i4 I \?
Z 3Q
0-
mw
H
W mQ
En
[n W
N J
?a
[I N
13
U
F
Q Z
J
Q
U
0.

(D
co

ddw mnO1NOD 68VV(]
DUII0JO0 WON 'Alunoo Jepu8d
1N3WHSIZInON3H HOV39
HOV39 IIVSd01

s
s,
m m m m w m m m m m m m m m m m m m ¦.
s 10 Z 1994S ,091 = -l :BIDOs (nruva lao3nv3e) Min ,091 = «1 :BIDOS
9Ma'H0y3ellYSd01 M"ON BUIMDJa 9961 GMI. u 097 o 'I'L
910 :AS Pe43e40 MPIf :19 uMDJa 2961 aAVN :wn}Da ID014JOA
01/SZ/ZO - 01/4Z/Zo :B}D(I A9AjnS £SavN BuDld B}D}S DUIIOJD3 44JON :wn}Da ID4u0zlJ0H
40099 IlDsdol 6002 4 4unoo Jepued 90OZ :0404d IDIJBY
01/ZO/9o :*}Da BMa :se}0N
eriiILV016 SOM ON ' UIWIIM * selJeS OSL e19wN1 :uOgD}S 9909 Sd9 Ol}Dweul)I
oVO -op-M uaag 4NoN y-96Z )Iju OoLS BI9w1J1 :BPil PuD u014Is0d
Olld `ON W Defy MoJJOg 'y :4uawdlnb3
904eloos9d4ueRJg g Uesequo

"V w
oQ E
W -J
Ln<
EL J
Da
- M
LLI N
n
LL 0
?- W
Q
a
W
n r
Ul U -
Q N
p W-

IL oo
z =
N

J Y
>3°
Q Z.
+
U W W +
- ? Wa
?Q
N
N
Z0.
a

o
m
0 W
3

?i
z 0

o t F=

in
L
r 3
=
U
W
3Q
IA 0
to
Y, J
O w 04
IL Q
N
o

U

N
X c i 00 N
in
0

Q z W m G I
P .
t+ I
fG 1A O
aD to Q
I I
W
D
tJ
Q Q
^ \?
N h W
D
?
U

? in
L
f

a
a
co
o_
X30
z i uj
in O -jj
° ` 0
1 10
dnw unO1N03 EOZ-VG
DUII0JO0 WON `4unoo Jepued
1N3WHSIZIn0N3V H3d39
HOV38 IIVSd01
S 10 £ 1994S AT = .I :eIDDS (Wn.LV(i i8o3ny38) MIMI ,00£ = r1 :9IDOS
9MO'H3V3G11VSd01 :ewDN BuIMDJO 8861 am. u osz .0977 ost
'
43DOO Ilosdol 60OZ ip 4uno0 Jepusd 90OZ :50104d IDIJey
910 :A8 PeMDe40 MWf :A8 UMDJQ (Wn1v0 la0jnv39) MINI :wn}D0 ID3111eA
O1/SZ/ZO - OI/IFZ/Zo :e}D(l AaeJnS £SOtlN euDld a}D}S DuIIOJDO 40ON :wn}Do ID}uozlJOH
selJeS OSL e19wlJl :uOI}D}S esog Sd9 Dl}DweuDl
01/ZO/90 :e}Do BMO )IIs OOLS e19wlJl :ePll PuD u011I90d
Bff£•4W016 SME ON ' sIWIlM HIM DDJ40433 wopo :JepunoS 0403
"M "OPOSM U+0 WON v-SSb x wuol}nloseaa :lesseA AeNnS
Olld'ON 10
selelaossy ;ueAJg V usBeyeO DeJd MoJJOg :}uewdlnb3

ddW un0IN0O M33HO IIVSd01
DugaoO 41JON 14unoo Jepued
1N3WHS121n0N3H HOV38
NOV38 IIVSd01
O 7 r
Q i l
L) ?17
r r
z" T
r 7
( 1 I r
a?I??- ! ! r? fA
? 2 1 ? l
vi
t ?j ??

i
? m ? m m m m m m m m m m m m m m w m
S ;o 1' ;ee4S ,00£ = . L MIDDS (Wn1Va iNo3nv38) Min u 097 ,00£ = .1 :elDOS
9M0•H0V3G11VSd01 :ewDN BUIMDJa 8861 aw. 097- .051 dvw s n 01 N 03 13 N N V H D SM Nd9
013 :AS POM3e40 MMIf :AS uMOJa 40De8 IlDsdol 60OZ v 4uno0 Jepued 90OZ =104d ID1JOY
Win laodnV3e) MIA :wn+Da ID014JOA
Ot/SZ/ZO - 01/4Z/ZO :e;Da AeAunS £8aVN euDld a;D;S DUIIOJD3 40ON :wn;Da ID;uOzlJOH
:e BM sepeS OSL elgwpi :uol;D;S esoa Sd9 ol;Dweul)l Du11DJDD 44JON `?(}unoo Jepued
Ot/ZO/90 1D0 a AIM OOLS elgwlJl :epll puo u014180d
Bf££'41£•0W 9MZ ON oIWIIM a 111Nw DDJ10403 wopo :JepunoS 0403 1N3WHSnjn0N3H HOV38
"Pa Mope" U" WON V-S6Z ruol;nloseaa :lessee AeNnS
9„d `DN;D
se;el0osstl ;ueAJg g ueBeye- DeJV Mo."oe :1uewd1nb3 HOV38 'liVSd01

t
MUS

w
a 'I
`?
R I;=

No-
{

n € yg ? ?
, i .
r?
yf ? 3 N

M
S ;o g }eayS 0OOS = I :91DOS (Wf LVO 1803f1V38) MlW .009 = .l :9IDOS
,
0M0'H3V3811VSd0l :ewDN BulMOJO 8861 OMN u 097 o
010 :A9 MOM MWf :A8 UMDJQ y3D9g Ilosd0l 6002 ip /4uno0 Jepued 8001 30404d IDIJeV
(wnlva laojnv3e) Mew :wn+Da lool+Jen
OI/S7./ZO - OI/4Z/ZO mma AemnS £8OVN auold a}D}S DuIIOJDD WON :wn}DO 10004JOH
selJeS OSL elgwlJl :uol}D}S esDS SdO OI}Dwaul)l
o }/ZO/90 :a}oa BMO )Ila OOLS elgwlJl :ePll puD u011I80d
95££'4l£'016 SO?9Z ON '- UIWOM IIIIW OD-40403 woPO :JepunoS 0433
"M uOPDSM wuO 41JON v-96l uol}nloseaa :IesseA Asians 10 sa;el3ossd ;u eRJg I ueBeyeg D3 `3N Daly MOJJOB :}uewdlnb3
3

s

}
b
". r
"
r r ?

m ? ? ? m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
m m m m m
m

m
m
m
m
m

m m
0
O
N Q Q. O

O
N N
0 M, r
J
O
O

U
? U)
>
LLj

? `
t

e
? 3a, _ E
t „
spa ? ?

4 1; ?4(
r

x 4
i...?
..
a
N
O
0
(0 _0
O -? -O
c0 U m co cn
cn a) O
r L- 4-
+ C j
Y L
O
U N ? U `
N
O OZa m
in U U Q 3:
o i6 -r- m .
mUza3
(B
co
L
L
4-
L
co
r
i?
E Z3
XW U)
O 7 -
Q (n U)
U
O Z
O
Co O
co
O f C.
m O
* c 2
co N
~ O
O It
17 co
() N
? U
. J p z
c(Do
Q °O °
? ? N O
O C
U' p 0
Lo X C'J
d co N
U')
O LL N
X
O
m
O O
L Ci
d
Gs
o
a?
.a
X ?
x ?
E U
a
cn z
o
o U) m
L U` 0 U o
U
m -
Uc
N
cn 0-
a
9
6
S
M
y co CD
± �3Q�
k
LL��k
. U
C0
�
�
e
2
e
w % q
§ co
?
« �
-igk
£
/k
CS2
o Lo
#E
© 2 -j C)
/\
�kq
Ĵ@
2 E N
-= :\ g I \ §
y 2 m
. d S a
` ^
75q%@ R /
k C
_r_
a-
5 $ %/
ƒ § co
oco z
mUglu
b� �
3 d ƒ k \\
§\
G2
;7
\ �]\
\
\
/
E ®
/ \
@
cc
J �
'< k \ k
O
fig-
z
CL(\ \§»�
Q--0 g�2=
@ m / z 6 = o
@oma =O°6
2 O-
�0 §f�6
@ 0 co
�\
o ƒ I
U) 0 CL &
m ) 2

L
� �
M O E
o
C
N
O
ca
Z
N
m d O
II
E ._ cr) r-
<
Q
0 6L N
W
Q
CL '3
a�
co N
r O
O
P
lq�v1W-
4
4
$
&e
t
(D N
7 U
4
—HOZ
O O O C
O _
O Lo
.0
(D O
•�_
_
�O �?�
d (0
LON
�Ou N
O O
m
O O
J
a
O
j
Z O
cn -o
C
Ti
o0
X
p
o
�aU E
aoi
EaNi>EN
o0Eo
-
�
jj
fl- U)CD N
L
I
E N
Q
N
NN
-000>E
N
>
C N cc co
X
a O
(n
N
@
n� w
cocu
10
O
o
U
0 -0 cn
O
_0m> m
ca
-p C p�co
a
C
0)
U
Z
a C >
m
0
O
(6
(6
Ll
L C
o o T(D
o O co
o
co c",
v�
O
>
--�5
O
Z
c
Z� �O
o
N
-c-UO
U Q
v cca v
C) E
U) d N
N
(0i
O
O
-p V'
Q a ami (L) N
O
U
Q
m V C
W o
rn o
d-
0
O
1E
t
o
U a
w Q
J

Appendix B
Fence Diagrams
ZZ89'£L£'OL6:7jGVDAXMM
•"?",?.?
SO48L DN `uolBu!wllM -
B£££•£L£'OL 1166 ° ddW DNI DSVO DDNDd DN 'HDVDO II`dSdOi
•?Q sMOpeayy uaw. •N tl-S6
9Td 19N to S31tl190SStl a
1NVAHH 8 NVOVHVD
r m m m m
I GAHAGAN & BRYANT ASSOCIATES
GSA 295-A N. Green Meadows Dr.
Wilmington, NC 28405
* suiRV?otts Tel: [phone]
' Fax: [phone]
Legend for Geotechnical Data

GW EM Well graded gravels or
gravel-sand mixtures,
ML ® Inorganic silts and very fine

sands, rock flour, sandy silts
s
' little or no fines or clayey silts with slight plasticity

GP
•..A. Poorly graded gravels
or gravel-sand mixures,
MH
® Inorganic silts, micaceous or
diatomaceous fine sandy or
wl little or no fines silty sal, elastic silts

GM
' Silty gravels, gravel-
sand-silt mixtures OL I
I Organic silts and organic
silt-clays of low plasticity

' GC ® Clayey gravels, gravel-
sand-clay mixtures OH /
® Organic clays of medium to high
plasticity, organic silts

SW °

° Well graded sands or gravelly
sands, little or no fines
CL
® Inorganic clays of low to medium
plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy
cla
s
silt
cla
s
lean cla
s
y
,
y
y
,
y
'
SP
Poorly graded sands or
gravelly sands, little or

no fines

CH

®

Inorganic clays of high
plasticity, fat clays

SM Silty sands, sand-silt
mixtures
PT Peat and other highly
organic soils

i
SC Clayey sands, sand-clay
mixtures
SP-SM
Poorly graded silty sand

SW-SM °
®
Well-graded silty sand
SM-SC
®
Silty clayey sand
i
SW-GM
F-1 I
Well-graded silty gravel
ML-CL
Inorganic silty lean clay

GM-GC
LIM Clayey silty gravel
' Note: Inf
ormation is after ACOE Atlantic Division Manual
# 1110-1-1
titled Engineering and Design
Geotechnical Manual for Surface and Subsurface Investigations
? O
J
N
N
ca
a
N
7
fn
(0
E
c
O
(D
c0
U)
c
O
co
a?
N
c
m
U)
L
a-+
a
a?
O
........... ...
.......... O
_ :Z

O
j
....} ........... .................................................................................................. ............

? Z
O
] .......... .... .............. ............. ... .......... p
P 00 m
Z
:

j n
'
0

i0 ................ ..... .: ...
CS .
. -----
_--_- .. 0
OD
Z
O
] ....
..... ....... ......
.................. ................. ................. ................. ............... ........ ............ p
. .
j

.................. .......... .............. .................. ............ ....................... ..............

...:.................
p
D ?p

CS -
Z -
7 '.
_ p
o
O Z - cn
O
7 ?

D Z
.
.
.
.
? O
] ....
..................
..
..
......... ..
. ...............
O
U
Z
....:.................:.................:..................................}............................... ...;................. p
V N
N
j ....:..................... V • . .. .. ... . Z O

_
Z ........... . .......
p
.............. ................... ................... ......... ........ ......... ......... ......... ........ .... ... ........ ......... I(D
n
r o
`- n o cn o

'7 In

7 o
N

C ?
c
0
NU
L
O?
C O
Na)
Z
L.L
a, m
m co
ca cu
U) (/)
CL CL
OO
(0
C_
O
_ M
U
N
c L ? `- MM
?
N Z 3M
co N
04
M
°
m Tc
m
')co
NOOco(9
0
c ?2NMM
O 'cU
M
Z
Q ? N
O O
N
U QUr co;;;;
C
m C 6- x
cu E- a--
v> < E
? rn
C)6
N
C
f6
m
N
f6
O}
?k?!l
S
7
Q'
W
W
x
z
w
(u) UOl;ena13
M/M/9 100'SSOII d30 Id fd9'ONVISI HI2JON HOV38 IIVSdOl 3ZIS V -
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
LO O LO O 1 O `n
o
O
.................. ........................... ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. O
j ................................................. :.............. ............. ...... ....... ............. ............. .............
p
A
N
' O

a

p
] ....:...........................}.............;................................. .................................;............. O
C co
c
Eo
t co
?U
'L
O-1-
C O
a)
cu cu
O O
co co
cu cu
a 0.
00
H H
U
N
c0
a
N
7
U
m
a>
E
c
O
a
m
O
cu
N
c
O
_N
N
C
co
V)
0 -
CD
0
..
01 ................................................. :.............. ............. ............. ............. ..............
'
'
' '
? ...... .......
?
;•;•
•
•
•
•
N -

CY)

:
O .... :.. ............
:.......
....... :.............. }.....
........;.............
...... ....... ............. .............
.
......... .......... ... ........ ................. ,............. .......... .......... ......... ... ...... .............

a

CL

c
....:... .............. ........ ..:........................... .............:.............:.................. ..................... C

V
:31 ................... ............................ ...... ...... ............. ............. ?C
LO O LO O LO O LO O Ln O
N N
(4) u01jen913
OUOU9 100'SS08 d30 Id FdJ'ONVISI HJIIOS HOV38IIVSdOJ
iY
Q.
W
n
2
W
m
c_
0
? U
N

C
M
'r-
AM
.
a
z 3 M Cl)

w
OLnCON
p

m to
N?MGO
d N co C?
TO Nm m
_O
Q ' c M
y UZM
o
O
a>
U Q ? 0
C
m C p X
mZ
c Qm
D ?Q'E
co
rn

C N
c0
rn

m
CD
N f2 ?t In O O m O (N
N N N

.
. O
O
............ .......... ......... ........ ......... ........
............................. ............
.. ...........
LQ
U)
cu
C C

E o
-C
`n L-
U
?L
.................................................... ?............ .......... ......... ........ ......... ........ CD
p0
i

?
0
0
LO
O
LJ.. z
Q r s

............... ............ ............ .............:........................ ............ ........ ......... ........
O
V m m
cu

CL CL
00
O H
..:............ ............ ...............
................... ........ ........:...........:............:............ .............
O
..:...........: ............ :............:............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ f6
C
cl
O
co
co
N

C
CM
0 C,)
......... .......... ......... ........ ......... ........
Q.'•'•'
............ ............ .............
..
.............
_
.O
O 0
Z M
.
.
.
C6 _
o -0OMN
m to (6-'T M00
w am ao MT
C (O?NMM
O L) CU
Z M
O Q USN
OO
LO
U < 'o C3)
C \i oZ °C)ax
,?2
U) Z Q
o LO
0
6

.:...........:....................... N .. : :. ......

O
C) N

m
m
rn
N m
co

......... ........ ........ ......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ......... ........
N
co
>
O 0 ................... ............ ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ........ ......... ............ m
?yyyJ
a)
1= 7
C lz
O ?
00 ......... ........ ......... ......... °p
N ¢ In
wW
rn
C
O
(o W
a) p ............................... ............. ........................ ........... ............. ........................ p
N
70
C N M <t N O n O O O N
N N N
CL
o ()4) u01jena13
owwq 1a°J'SSON d3o ld fd°J'l3NNVHO S)INV9 )4332171IVSd(l l MMIV H')V=I9lIVgAOI a71C V - S I Cl)d 7'1N7a =D4n )
O N V (O 00 .
!7
..... ......
..... ... ............ :........... .:........... .:...... ......:......... ...:.. .......... ....... ...... ........... .:...........
M

?O
.
c cu
a) C
L 0
L
Cl) U
L
L
O
C O
NN
LL
U U
co cu
aa) aa)
mm
co co
U U
CL n
00
H H
nf..... ....................................:............:......................................
....:......... :.. ..: . ..... : ........... ... ......
................. ........ ...... ..... .:. ...... ............ .............

Y?

O:

LO
U)
a?
a?
cu
N
E
c
O
(D
cu
U)
C
O
O
C
ca
U)
L
Q
N
0
N
Y
7-
C
U
O
F
r ................... ............ :......................... :............ ;......................... ;..............................
....•................... ............................... .;............,.......... ......... ....
......................
n

O
H
............ ............. ............ .............. ......:...... ............ .... .... ..... .... .... ..... ....

O N (O 00 O N V CO 00
(4) U01jen913
WOO/9 laO ssoa d3a id r,
(0
c_
0
U
N
C f ?M
0?M
am Z Cl)
p O6OON
04
m N N"TM00
O N00cM(9
0)
C Lo 2 N A m
_O
Q U CU M
Z
6O
N a)
U Q? 00);;
C
c0 c = X
m z c a;n
in i> Q E
LO

N
C
(0
m
co
C7
7
tic
E
W
axis d - c i cn,? anN?a ?Nm
Appendix C
Potential Borrow Areas Comparative
Grain Size Charts
-zirw AuA1 VCIC TnPSAU RrArw M1uPnSrrFC GD.1 n nr:P RnSC GnT R19/7n
(D 0 v 14610 M 46 -J au!J IU GO.Jad
- f K
cD (b o 3 "
S
'm
to > >
7
o :3
N CO N (n

r
o
j :3
y 3
o
-
0
O N
O W
O ? (
O A 0
O )
O v O
O D t
O 0 O
O O
o a_ rn O
v fD
n CD (n N '0
0 3

,x
x e . r' v 0
, o (
o: a ° a u a
7 l< a o
to
3 v, to
A Z
p t(D a'
O CD < N
O
CD CD
CL CD co (D
<
a
G
o A
I N a s rt '^
O 0 m>
o 3
I 3
En
-0
o 0 -'!
D C (D
N
7
O
CD r+ N \ I
a_ tan °
u
0,

a
O
n
CD

fn
I
N

qwft o
C
(D
A
N
? N
fn
(A N r, p O cD
l O4 n
o CA N
A mb I I D 0 p
N
CD ip V
t y a O
X
a (A O
fD '? O
a
N

?

fD O

?

p
o
Cl O

m
N ? C
* CD 3

In U
? a
7
a
o a
71 ( J
_
??NO CD N Ln
C
D
0 3 "Z: ° p N
.. O D ? m 7 to
coo z:F
'_" N
O tJN
W Z Ol
a CD O
fD
WAOa D
m
N f N W
uO
DO m
8 :5. 7»
u 0
p (M
00 A
B ra
;
t
,
0.0
C
0 00 w
W .11
CA
A
?
m

?
O

w N
O
A
-
<

o z
° m
° D

o D

0
CO
0
° O ?
' N N

a
tp
CD
y
rt
n
rt ? a_
!n

N a
-
.. ^
X
m
O
rt Z
p

CO
(n 3
(DD N -? v N Cp r+ O
a
3 ? v a o
3 a
N 3
a
z z
o v o
CA
O m
_ a
w
CO to
OD
a)
O
W CD
a
° 3
a
O
?) 7
CD
7
O
C
0
m
S
3 0
_ - Cp
0
O O
O D -
O l O
O ) C
O n 4P
O W
O N
O -
O + O
0
7
rt
Percent Coars er By Weight
SIEVE ANALYSIS TOPSAIL BEACH COMPOSITES.GPJ FL DEP ROSSADT 6/2110
( A e
d o?° m m o ;y6ia M AS Ja uid ;ue aJad
e Io

07 0d O

0

3

s
9

7
3

p
a m
O O
?
®
Oa _
•
a
z
GI

a ?
m
3
°

i
i
o 0
N
0
W
0
A
0
N
0
0
0
V
0
G
0
o 0
0 i
O
0
CL
ro O

m 0
m
_
C
j N N o US M 'a b a
®io
® (b
s
7
Oa
(A

m

w

a
•

m I
a
a ?
a ?
m fA
= m m

N
CT ro
O a

(
J? 0 C
I O

p 0
O
i
Ip
;
0
?A

1A

i
N 3 O

6
p
® m

v
a
a

?E +
o
o
ql
C 0
O 0 w A H
u
1

N N
c.?Crn

N
o wO o

?
i
\
l7
O
? u
wt

S
N D V
N
N. 0
X M +
FA O +
A ?
?
A
a
a i m p
O O.
00 C
* ? 3 w W
Ge

A a +
a a w
3

u
" 3
=f
0 (,?
">O m 3
m GI
GI
o w
CD 5
..,o DZm 7
fC0 ZSm
(A ? GO ?
o
jz?m RI 7r 1=D
W0?a
aW
?
m?
W
mm
. 3 °
i + w
ODU
cn G
w
; r a O o
?
O W
j A
n
W ?'
w O
m y

m

A O O m 7 )0 ?

m m m C w
y k a O d

3 m c a
3
z z -?
o w
C O
i '
a
m m
OOO CO
m
m m

O
C
q' O

O
G
°
3 i t
0 0 G
0 o -
0 4
0 m tl
0 I
0 A
0 W
0 N
0 + 0
0
m 0
Perce nt Coar ser By Weight
CIFVF ANAI VCIC TAPCAII PFACN CnuPnQnr4Z CP.I cl nco onee r_nT a /n 14n

y
7z
co
ic
C,
o o v 3 146ia M AG ? auij }u ao?ad
fm
7p
o ?]
o 3
=

3
;
w y
N
=3
0 N

m a
l

°
N
' (n
0
3

_'

)

4 -

,

n

0 (

0
- 0 O O O O O O O O O O
o a 0
°
n
S?
. CD n
°
rn -0
N
w <
p o
C, 11
0

_rt
O

O

0
0) (A 9 (1 C ;
6 ? N w (n
4
3 o am

a
z
a-

Q
Q
O rn
N rn
4 N
° m to
(ND (?D G7 N
CL (ND :C
N mo I

i

0 a : rt

O \ IJ
A
0 3 0
I :1
0 (D 3 C

o a
y -0
a (n
n
M
J
D (A N 7 O
O d CD CD I
y ? o
CA
o O T1

W
C 7
fD
(i I
N
N

U
?
O
(D
Cn
S
to
A N
(D (?
O (n
N
I I D °
N g (b
D 4 i
P X CD 0 _
n

rt co
O

(D ?
0
p O
p a Vt

0 a O

* (D 3 N p
O
F (n v,
.. a 7
L
I
(A
7
T -
o =

CO
rt
(nwm
On 3 tb (
D
'
m
aO D0 7 Ul ? O N

?70=7 ?I
Re x 7 O (11
0 Z::r (D (
D
(A"m a 0 w
Wco 01 W
W$ w
0 V
in
C
.0; C O
CA 0 v
°OO
W0
(A i
w
(n N
O N 0

W
z z m D D
O ° D

= (
i)
rt O
0 N
0 - N A O
rt 5
tp tO N
O. N
<

N .. X CO O
0 0
(n
rt 3
?
3 a
a 3

Z
-i
3
n 0
o

N U
J 0
OD (O
Co

CA -

CO 7

O
M
p
3
0
s p
-•
0
;1 7
(D
7
O
I o
vi

3 O
o,

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

°
rt
Percent Coars er By Weight
Appendix D
Inland Borrow Area
Composite Summary Tables

I
I
[l

11

W
a-
z 10
e D E m m w m a n n r n n N 6 N O O 6 a m

m
N
N
cn
h
N
a
eD
N
aD
OD
cn
cn
6
Yi
N
to
N
Yf
v d 4
d 4
d
C
L

0
j
E ?

a J
O
fN0

-R

ci o

OI

W

coi

m

0?1.

O dd

N

m

W

N

N

m

N m

m
y 0 O 0 0 fV d IG y 0 N tM Ifl O O IM
0 0
n
v

Z U
C
_

_? O

M l(J

N N
d N

M h

YI cD

M m

(O O

d n

a a

1` n

M cn

d M

M h

M n

M N

cp a

d ??}}

V N

n
Iq
c0
cG
M

R U1
O
N
a O o ? 0 0 a 0 o o o c c c o c T ci c o a a c
N l I T c
m
y
V z ro c

U)
U) Q in
V m a
N m a
N o
V
" o
N n w
N m
N N
M d q
N
V m
V n
N m
V
W
a 0: W G a
C ( N N t f [
) N I N c c N N fV m

N U H V
v
4 ? m
. d
0
c
y Q ° E N w m n o n M ' n o a ro m n rn m n o
o) Z o w g E o 0 0 o a o 0 6 o c; 6 0
0 o
6 c
0 o
6 o
0 c;
c; 6
6 o
0 c
0 3
ooo o E o
f N n n
a
O m U o

R Q m
z
"" c
h w
m a rn M co n d n a d N m ao v> ' tq a ?n m Y
O >0 a
V N N cV N N N c i N N N cV cV N N N cM N N N C> N N N
N
F d a
no z m E
a E N N M n N t0 d to O ' O N O n cp a N n ' y
E o 0 0 o c o 0 0 o c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o c n
O ?? t
.
V
w d

~ OI O a 'a
O N O Of O cp cn N
aD lV 0 0 I? d c"i 0 a N .j N O N m
LL w
LL J d
W p
`o
5
m

W yJ
W
f W
1-
N WW
F W
W d

N
M
O
N
M u)
O
N
M u)
O
M
O
N
M
O
m
U a vc u ? a u u u a u ac vc a xc Z x a a u ac a
^

U
'-

U

U

U

O
N

U
N

U
N

U
N

U

O
M

U
m

U
M

U

O
q

N
q
'

O
N

N

`?
O c

a
m z z z z G z z z z V Z z z V U
Z D
z V U
z U
z U
z V
N P/ q Y w
z z z z z 2
N
O
m
a

Q,
a z0 E N N N N OD N N N N ?O <D tp tp cD 1p N N N N N N N •- .- "
m v v e o v a v v v v v 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 v v a v
? r
Q ?
U
0

E
a J cp OMi N N N N ? O O N W A N pNj OOi ? N N N O W N M Obi ? O fND y
(n O
O O a O V co N N cV ai N a v 0 `t YI N N M O) N IC O v :N
Q
6
E

C7 0
°

= F N
M
eD O)
N O)
M CD
M ?O
M O)
M N
M N
M
O O
tp c0
N n
M W
Q N
N N
n
n O
c0 r
N n
O a?
t+J t0
(O O
N
N O
O ID
R 'O

d d'
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.=
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.-
o
0
0
0
0
0 N
y c
N °i 3
V Z c
_ a m
: S N
V M
a r
O N
V N
N
t0
M O]
V
10 O]
cp eD
(O n
N r
N tp H
c
? r CD N N W A n n Of

N W p
W c0 a
cV
ch
N
m
N
N
lV
N
N
N
tM
N
N O
c'f 0
tV
N G?
N m
M Iq
N fp
fV eD
N r
N O
N 01
N fp
N c0
N
U

N N
U o`
C m T?

Q

; z
n
N
O
Z p
E CO
0 o
0 °D
0 o ,r.
0 co m
0 m
0 N
0 a n
0 r
0 N m v v
0 a r m v ',.. N M co a
W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O £
o
N
Q ~
7
O =

R a

E
m U

F.- LU
m Q A= M c v r r N co M rn M N n ao ?p
N N C M n a so ro x
O 6.
v c i N N cV {V N N N lV N N N N N N N N N {V N N N {V N

W V1 N
3
d
O Z a m
d ?- Q W ao m M ^ ?o N r e N M r M ro co r M rn N a r rn M n y
0 0 0 0 0 0 _
0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 _
0 0 0 _
O 0 0 o O 6 0
U m
t
_
N

O A O
O -
N N
N n 0 6 er N r M 0 M N M O N O .- O> O O C
LL W N a N O N M N O N [") O M fV rd N N
LL J d
W o
6
m
c
d
W C H H
7r,
0 a a u a a q u U)
a x u u a u v u a u u a U)
a

U
n
n
r
r
Z
aQ
ro
ro
Z
rn
rn
m
rn f m
o
V U U U O
V U U U U ti U U U V
m z Z Z Z z z z z z z z Z Z Z Z z z z
> Z E?
Z 2
L Z l z
N
O
m
a
Q

a O E W of aD aD m m O W O Of O QI N N N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 w m 0 m m w 0 c to
O V V V V cV N N N N <V 14 6 6 6 6 < d < V O q a O V < N 6 N N YI
? L
Q y
v
V c
0
a
m
E
_y
'
F- E
e J ?p v
I? o
T o' N
N o
n .p
V n
m m
n a
N ° m
O o
m o
m °D
M m
m m
p 'p
N o
N ? m
W n
Ol rn
m NN
N m ao M m `?

(A O
m
0
N
V
O
N
N
N
N
0
o
N
N ?
N
6
N
O
O!
O
a
a
lh
0
0 m
of N
of H1
?% y
-
y O
n
E
0
U
Z C
_
S r cl N
t M
M m
N N
N N
O M
O n
M O
M O
O ??pp
m
M W
M O
n m
of m
m O
V O
C
m n

M OI

M M

M N

O] M

a (p

t+f
m

t7 V

M N

m W

M

O O
a
K
N
o
0
0
.=
o
o
.=
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
a ; M
a
o .
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
6
6
6
0 b
o'
c

U) y
3'.
V Z c a'
Q m^ m 0 O m ?D n M n W m m O n QQ m N N m N !
? fp m N n v 0 O O N
W W 1 a cV N M N lV N N N N N N tN N lV ``"
"!!
N h N N '`
; M N ! V N N U
F
? ? N t N N N P N f m
Q G
N ?
N U v
O ? m ro
Q ? Q ? a
N O CE N O) O n N _W V t0 _m _m V ' O) t0 ' ' n ' tp M T ' n m0 n ? N W n m N O

o Z Cl
0
W G
a
O
O
O
O
G
O
O
O
O
O
O
G
O
O
O
C
O
O
O
O
O
C
o
6
o
d
O
o
a
o
C .
O
N sp N
?
a
7 =
? m
E
U
F W
(n m a
=
a O
O)
O m
M n
I? O)
m {?
N o
v, M
n v M
m ro
m n
f0
V m
M m
tp N
m m
e M
f0 N
1-: W
m N
n n
e
m O)
m ap
m GO
m Ol
m ?O
•- O
? O)
N N
O V
N m
Q J
` N N N N (V N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N tV N N y

W y m 3

?a m
?O z ;.
IL F Q Lp E iV N m n m m N ?0 I? m e p> c0 n m f0 m n m c0 m n n ' N p> N N y
0 2
E O O O O C 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
° 0
o 0
o 0
D O O O C 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
; 0 0 0 0 C r
L
m
_
~ m

N
0
0
O A <O
O
n
N
r0
O
m m n

m
m
M N n

m
n
N
m
0 Y1 tp
O
O) m O
r
(0
O m
W z
J O N r N O N V O N 0 tM O N N V N m m N r N
u. m
W o
`o

m
c
m
w F_W

1
H
f W
F
>_
?
I ?
O # # # a
# N
a # # m
# y
a N
# M
# N
ac N
# M m N
G
u N M m
C
a N M O ?C
v

Q
Q
N
N
N
N
N
N
?
M
M
M
? # # a

o
m #
m #
m a
g
c(? #
t0 #
«?
ff
f a
=. m
C
m ~ ~ ? O
?: ~ ? r ~ ~ O r O r h r ~ O r r ?
r O a

m a
N a
V) a
N Q.
V) o
r
(n a
u) a
co a
u) a
fn a
N c?
q a
(n a
y a
N c?
al a
y s
N a
U) a a
u 0
v a
w a
u) a
N e n.
u) a
h
U)
(/J t)
IL a a ~
a ~ F"
N V) N f
g N N
N
0
m
a
w
a

i
1
1
1
1
W

a
v O E
- ?
i ?
i .-
i ?
i ?
i .- 0 0 0 0 0 0 o n n n n n r m m m m m m ?- ? ? ? ? .- ? rn rn m rn rn rn
m u u v u u ui o a d d e a v v v v a v v vi vi vi ui vi vi ui ui ?ri 0 ui ui 6 d d a a d v
? r
a?
U

10

E v
1- E
e J m A
W
N
a O
O m
f?
A O
Ln n
.- d
N M W
M 0
`- 0 N
d 0
N
O 0
N 0
O
O) N
m
O M d
m
M O
m m y
? M N N
a N O O M d n m U

N O
O
V
d
Q
o
v
.-
N
0
0
M
v
as
O
M
(V
N
C m
O 0
(M iO N
V ?0
m
0 0
6 n

0) n

W t0 O

00 N

-

aG y

:N
v Q
E
0 U
Z c
_
S F
d W
d W
M O
M f0
M N
Q N
d
O t0
M N
c0 M
d
M m
w op
@
M .-
M O
aD (p
M N
d n
M y
R O
M N
a N
d m
M N
@ O
M <O
M N
m
n N
N M
M N
d N
d O
M M
?0 t0
i0 O
V

O O O O O o C O O C; 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 0 O O O O O C O o 0 0 0 0 G o o 0 0 o 0
N o
c

y N
3
U a m -? c

y y

a m x N

a n

N 0

W
N N

d n

N {{pp

@
N

V
N d

n
N 0

It

W
N d

?0 0

ID

@ w

d

0 M

d O

t0

b m

h N

Ul O

d N

f0 pp

vi m

d

?D 0

N W

d d

n n

10 m

@ N

t0
N
<O
c0
O)
M c
LL, LU O d N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N lV N N N N N N
a
o m
w
G ® v
a m z
H a rn n rn n m rn m n co ' m m rn m m n n m m m m r m ?n ?o m ?o m n ?n n m a

e+>ZO
oDo
w gE
?r
0
0
0
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
c
0
a
0
a
0
0 a

o
_
Q ~ N m 1 ?
O m = , 1 °
E
U
Z Q
ui
U) m 0
W x d
d n
d O
n t0
d aD
N A
@ n
N d
n ep
o t0
n an
UJ d
N
ty O (O
a M
O O
d n
d O)
@ n
h M
m O
d A
N
N O
0 N
<0 d)
M m
N
N M
10 M
w d
l0 d
(0
tp M
t(1 o
? 0

O J
a
N
cV
N
N
N
IV
N
N
(V
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
fV
tV
N
N
(V
(V
fV
N
lV
N
N
N
lV
N
N
N
(V
(V
tV
N N
N
{V ?
N
3

W d m
n
O
SL Q E O
0 m
0 O
0 c0
0 ' N M
0 N N
0 n
0 n N W ep (0 W aD ' n ?0 M GO n ' n t0 W 00 (O ' (0 f0 ?O n OD ' u?i
E 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o y
u
m
L

>
_m
H
n M M W M m a 0 c0 O t0 N O N n M d ` T O O O O M N O n m m t0 m W O O N
W Z M N O N cV th N O N A N N N N (V 6 6 6 N d N .- O o 0 0
LL W
J
m
LL
LLI
O
O
L
O
i
m
~ I.-- H W f
' WW
F 1
W-
W
d'
O

# oyp

6 aa}? fp y

d dd

iR v)

d f?

i[ y

# -
y
a

#
dd co

O

T

N

M

uJ -
y
O
0
m

n

n

n

n

n

S

m

O? iR

0) #

0

0

0

0

0

0

N

N

0

M

M

M #

M it R , 1
L
m
m rn rn 0 M M 0 d
a a a a a c? a a. a a a a U v a a a a a a cL a 0 0
m W N co) V1 co r u) N V) V1 U) w m a
w o.
w a
co a
to a
w w u1 V) V) a-
vJ ( a a a a a

> q m m fq co N Vn co to co w
m N
N N
18
y
N
O
N
W
a

1
1
a
;
Z E N
O O N Cp c0 N W
- V N h R O N IG
t
U v

E

e J cp
° O
0 7
0 0*
0 a'
0 7
0 O
0 O
0 O
0 N
0 N
0
W N

W .Vr
m
U Z E
J x f' N N c? N M Coq V V 4O R

IL N D
O
m o
y
06
Z G
s
W E
0 V a N a M ??pp
V O M N d
Z W m
W 6 a N N N cV W N N tV (V lV
0
Q J
2 m 0
U ?
?
3
ry
m
Z m Q m E
Y
` N r N N N N N

o =

a
m o W
? E o 0 0 o c o 0 0 0
} O o N
Q ? N
3?nx y o
U =
y ??pp U
Q O m 4
W x
an d
V N
N O
N m
N V
r r
V N
N
N 0
N d
.
3 a J
m O
OM
Q $

Q U O d _
Q A E
N
W
O)
CD
N
N
N
N
H
N
O W m E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
U ? m v o
c
F
?
W ;
d
V
? r
M

Z J U
"'
?
M
?
N
N
M
? U
; N OI M O
3 10

Q U

Ix x
N
h
_
U 3 3 3 v

y
U

U
a

U
0

U
0

U
U
Q m 0 0 0 Y
C
j V
O

I

11
1

1

a;
Z
E m
N 1-
aD N
N m
? g
a m
Q N
? m
< uN
O
< N
O m
O 01
N N
[G O
V m
O m
m
N 0
0 1-
? m
?
In W
V a0
O ED
IG a0
I?
t

E
f' E

J O N

?

f0 W

O m N m
M N M

A O

h ?(pp

O T
m 1?

M N

N m

M
-
h
O
-

m
O
A
N
0
m
'

N
M
O
Ip
e
(' O
v Q?
N 1
t0 ? UJ N
t`] I
ap N
Oi N f0 m
V Y) V N fV M M ? V .
fV OD O tp !
CD Y G G

Z
1?
m m
I- 1i
M Q
O U[
In m
M m
M N
N m
m m

v N

N m

N m

IA m

M Oi

M m

M

t N
d' m
O
M
r N
O N

d' O

a O

Y/ m
m
d
K 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O
10
d
Z a
Q m -
=
m
tm0
e
N
N
<o
tmq
m
fOO
H
N
e
e
1'?i?
c°n
a
e
1°0
e
m
.?-
W W 4 v N N N N N N N N N N N N N '? tV N N N N N N N N M l`I /V
° 1
W Q
U 1
n
J
? Q W m m m A m m m m h I? m m m h m m
Q
Qo ? E
wgE
0
0
0
0
0 ?
0
0
0 '
0 ?
0
0 N
0
0
0
o
0 N
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 N
0
0

N c
W = N
F
Q W W=

d m
a= '-
M A
a m
N M
m
v
It 1?
In M
10 m
V m
In m
h OO
N N
N
V N
O
fD OI O
N n
O O
V m
N M
m V
m N
f h
O
f
? u
?? LL N N N N N N fV N N N M ? cV N [V N N N N N N N N {V {V IV
O m
V y
CL

Q E
W °v m
0 m m
0
0 m
0 m
0 r
0 ti
0 m rn
0 m
0 m
0 r
0 N m
0 N m
0
0
0 m
0 m N ao
a E
R v o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o c
F F U V U V

V O N V m h O C Oi M N O N h N N Oi t. N N $
1
1 O
LL W v
LL J N N N N N N N I ^
T N N N N N N N N N - N m O
W
W
W W W W W W W W w w
r
$ W
r W W W
r W
r W W
r W w w w w « a

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
g
0
0 _
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 N

0 N

O N

0 a

$ g

° z

S
O
a
m
a
0.
a
(L
a
(L n.

m m

f a

m n,

m m

2 a a a a a a a a
a a-

2 (L

2

2
E
?d
E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V v V
U U U U U U U U O ' m U U U O M I C K
m r N M < to A DD N M Y N IY 1? OI .
- .
- E N
> U 0 L) 0 0 0 U U U j Q a a a a a a (L a ~ d
O
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z p (n U) CO In CO U) m m U) vi of p F

W _
a
z m
e p E co
? co
? OD
a N
v N
m iri
a?
U
E
J E M M M o
a° m a n r? o
y o
V 0 o v vi ?
O
Z

x~
CL x M
M
0 N
N
0 O
N
0 N
N
o
1/1
c
0
U)
m
z c _
a
S
w e
tV
N a
N

W a d
?s N (V
N

LLI
x f O m
U

O m w g g o 0 0 o c
> s
O O N
H
m W N
G F z m
(n

a W
Q
: x N

s{ N

O N

s} O

N
N
t
.
.1 d ? O. N N N (V !V
? ? m
O
~
V
E N m
LLI
E o 0 6 o p

g o
00
0
m
J U O
o O
° m
O m
'- ?
c
V
M c
>

W

m
m
m
m A
v
It
n
E

E

E
U E O
co O
U
Q o p p W
c
W _
Q
m
Z
e p E 4 N o
N
m
? L H I
a:
U
E
A J fo
01
0
ry) G
V C V N
O
Z
a ? 00
o N
0 N
O
y

O m
z _
Q u-
x
a1 N
N 40
N
zQ LU5 N
N
y O
IX m
z
Ow a E `r
Zx w ?E o 0 0
tu Q o
N
=O
U d.
W
z
m m W m x O v eo
QJ > a
m N M N

CL ~
Z
O
W N N
O m o 0 0
0 >
m
W
j U
Q co
c o
c
O " Z °o co
> r
O c m
x
x ca

°:
a m
A m
m Q
LLl >
4N
0 p w
0 e M
G
a C o m o o
°
z yU CU 0U
w
p a
c m
e
a