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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20201373 Ver 1_Pre-Filing Meeting Request_20201002ID#* 20201373 Version* 1 Regional Office* Mooresville Regional Office - (704) 663-1699 Reviewer List* Alan Johnson Pre -Filing Meeting Request submitted 10/2/2020 Contact Name * Contact Email Address* Project Name* Project Owner* Project County* Owner Address: Robert Turnbull robert.turnbull@terracon.com Red Bridge Telecommunications Tower Site Verizon Wireless Stanly Street Address P.O. Box 21074 Address Line 2 aty Tulsa Rbstal / Zip Code 74121 Is this a transportation project?* r Yes r No Type(s) of approval sought from the DWR: W 401 Water Quality Certification - F 401 Water Quality Certification - Regular Express r- Individual Permit r- Modification r- Shoreline Stabilization Does this project have an existing project ID#?* r Yes r No State / Frovince / Region OK Country USA Do you know the name of the staff member you would like to request a meeting with? Please give a brief project description below. * Verizon Wireless is proposing to construct a telecommunications tower and 30-foot wide access road on Stanly County PIN# 556504713384 in Locust, NC. The site is located within a lessee area on the parcel. The proposed access road would cross one perennial stream channel in order to provide access to the proposed tower site from West Main St. (NC Highway 24). Proposed impacts would result from placement of a culvert in the channel and would be <50 ft. The wetland and waters delineation report for the site is attached. Please give a couple of dates you are available for a meeting. 10/6/2020 10/9/2020 10/13/2020 10/19/2020 10/20/2020 Please attach the documentation you would like to have the meeting about. Red Bridge WD Report.pdf 6.91 MB pdf only By digitally signing below, I certify that I have read and understood that per the Federal Clean Water Act Section 401 Certification Rule the following statements: • This form completes the requirement of the Pre -Filing Meeting Request in the Clean Water Act Section 401 Certification Rule. • I understand by signing this form that I cannot submit my application until 30 calendar days after this pre -filing meeting request. • I also understand that DWR is not required to respond or grant the meeting request. Your project's thirty -day clock started upon receipt of this application. You will receive notification regarding meeting location and time if a meeting is necessary. You will receive notification when the thirty -day clock has expired, and you can submit an application. Signature Submittal Date 10/2/2020 Offices Nationwide Established in 1965 erracon Employee -Owned terracon.com [Tr G e o t e c h n i c a I Environmental Construction Materials ■ Facilities April 27, 2020 Irerracon Verizon Wireless 8921 Research Dr. Charlotte, NC 28262 Attn: Mr. Abhijit Apte Re: Wetland Delineation Proposed Telecommunications Tower Site Site Name: Red Bridge Site Site Location Code: 299113 NC Highway 24 Stanly County, NC 28097 Irerrocon Project No. HL207075 Dear Mr. Apte: Terracon Consultants, Inc. (Terracon) is pleased to provide a review of the site conditions observed and available documentation pertaining to Waters of the US (WoUS), including wetlands, at the above -referenced site. This work was performed in general accordance with our General Services Agreement effective May 10, 2018, in general accordance with applicable procedures outlined in the Verizon Wireless Scope of Work No. 11 — Wetland Surveying Services. At your request, below is a summary of information pertaining to WoUS, including wetlands, at the site. This report was prepared for the exclusive use and reliance of Verizon Wireless, its parent company, subsidiaries, and affiliates, its counsel, and its lender. Reliance by any other party (other than a regulatory agency having jurisdiction) is prohibited without the written authorization of Verizon Wireless and Terracon. 1.0 GENERAL SITE DESCRIPTION According to the Stanly County Tax Assessor, the parent tract the site consists of an approximately 19-acre tract of land containing wooded and successional land located at NC Highway 24, Stanly County, NC. At the time of the reconnaissance, the location of the proposed compound and proposed access easement consisted of wooded land, agricultural land, clear cut land, and an existing utility easement. The properties surrounding the site consisted of woodlands, urban developed land, residential land, and several roads. A Site Topographic Vicinity Map, depicted on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Locust, NC Quadrangle (2011), is attached as Figure 1 and an Aerial Photograph is attached as Figure 2. It is our understanding that the site is proposed for a telecommunications tower development. Responsive ■ Resourceful s Reliable Wetland Delineation Red Bridge Site Stanly County, North Carolina Irerracon April 27, 2020 Terracon Project No. HL207075 2.0 METHODOLOGY Terracon initially reviews readily available published resources to preliminarily identify features indicative of potential WoUS on the site or in the immediate vicinity of the site. A field investigation is then performed to identify and delineate potential WoUS and wetland areas utilizing the Routine On -site Determination Method described in the 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Wetland Delineation Manual (USACE Manual) and the USACE April 2012 Eastern Mountains and Piedmont Regional Supplement 2.0 (EMPRS). Potential wetland areas are located and investigated based on the three wetland parameters of hydrophytic vegetation, hydrology, and hydric soil indicators. Hydrophytic vegetation is assessed by identifying plant species and their assigned wetland indicator rating of obligate (occur in wetlands >99% of the time), facultative wet (occur in wetlands 67-99% of the time), facultative (occur in wetlands 34-66% of the time), facultative upland (occur in wetland 1-33% of the time), and upland (occur in wetlands <1% of the time). The USACE manual defines hydrophytic vegetation as present when at least 50% of the dominant plant species are rated obligate, facultative wet, or facultative. Hydrology is determined based on a number of primary indicators (surface water, water marks, drift deposits, reduced iron presence, oxidized rhizospheres, etc.) and secondary indicators (soil surface cracks, drainage patterns, crawfish burrows, shallow aquitard, etc.). The USACE manual defines hydrology as present when at least one primary indicator or two secondary indicators are identified. Hydric soil is determined by investigating soil features such as color matrix, hue, and evidence of redox features including indicators such as saturation, stratified layers, gleyed matrix, mucky surface, organic/peat layers, hydrogen sulfide odor, and evidence of mottling indicating reduced conditions. Potential wetland areas identified with all three parameters as described above are located and delineated by designating boundaries with flagging tape. A data point is collected for each wetland area on the site detailing conditions as related to hydrophytic vegetation, hydrology, and hydric soil. The location of the data point is selected at a specific flag number indicative of conditions throughout the entire wetland area and adjacent upland area. Only one data point is typically collected for each wetland area on the site. Additional data points may be collected for atypical situations such as larger wetland areas that may have differing ecological conditions in certain areas. Additional potential WoUS including stream channels, drainageways, ponds, and ditches are located, marked with flagging tape, and investigated to determine a preliminary stream classification, overall drainage patterns, and potential hydrologic connections to other WoUS and wetland areas. Potential streams are evaluated according to the North Carolina Division of Water Resources (DWR) Methodology for Identification of Intermittent and Perennial Streams and Their Origins (Version 4.11, September 2010). Responsive ■ Resourceful s Reliable 3 Wetland Delineation Red Bridge Site Stanly County, North Carolina Irerracon April 27, 2020 Terracon Project No. HL207075 3.0 SOIL DESCRIPTION According to the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey for Stanly County, the soil series types located on the site are Badin Channery silt loam, Tarrus Channery silt loam, and Tarrus-Urban land complex. A portion of the soil survey map for Stanly County is depicted on Figure 4. The following is a brief description of the series: The Badin Channery soil series consists of well drained soils. This soil is located on narrow, undulating upland ridges that are highly dissected by intermittent drainage ways. Upper soil layers consist of silty clay loam. Lower soil layers consist of silty clay loam. The Tarrus Channery soil series consists of strongly sloping and well drained soils. This soil is located on upland side slopes that are on intermittent drainage ways. Upper soil layers consist of silty clay loam. Lower soil layers consist of silty clay loam. Tarrus-Urban land complex soil series consists of areas of Tarrus soil that are gently sloping and urban land throughout the county. Upper soil layers consist of silt loam. Lower soil layers consist of silty clay loam. According to both the State and National hydric soils lists, these soils are defined as non-hydric. Terracon did not observe evidence of hydric soils on -site during the site reconnaissance, which is further discussed in Section 5.0. 4.0 NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY MAP The NWI map for the site vicinity indicates one freshwater pond approximately 150 east of the proposed access easement. The NWI map is Figure 3. Further information is provided in Section 5.0. 5.0 SITE RECONNAISSANCE A field delineation was performed by Rhiannon Graham of Terracon's Raleigh, North Carolina office on April 15, 2020 using the Routine On -site Determination Method described in the USACE manual and the USACE EMPRS. The site was described as forested land and clear- cut/successional land. The site reconnaissance revealed the following conditions in relation to WoUS: Stream SA Stream SA was observed approximately 60 feet north of the proposed tower compound and approximately 200 feet north of the proposed access easement. The stream was observed as approximately three feet wide with banks approximately two feet deep. Responsive ■ Resourceful s Reliable 4 Wetland Delineation Red Bridge Site Stanly County, North Carolina Irerracon April 27, 2020 Terracon Project No. HL207075 Stream SB Stream SB was observed within the proposed access easement, approximately 800 feet south of the proposed tower compound. The stream was observed as approximately three feet wide with banks approximately two feet deep. Based on the observed characteristics of these streams, it is Terracon's opinion that these features will likely be considered jurisdictional WoUS. The approximate location of the delineated features is illustrated on Figure 6. No other wetlands, streams, or potential water features were observed on the site. 6.0 FEDERAL REGULATORY REVIEW WoUS, including wetlands, are under the jurisdiction of the USACE. Only the USACE can make an official Jurisdictional Determination. Impacts to jurisdictional WoUS through development activities would likely require verification, notification, permitting obligations, and/or mitigation. Under current federal regulations, impacts of less than 0.5 acres of jurisdictional wetlands and impacts of less than 300 linear feet of stream channel can be permitted under the appropriate Nationwide Permit, provided that the appropriate notification is submitted to the USACE. Compensatory mitigation will likely be required if permitting is necessary; however, may not be required if wetland impacts are limited to less than 0.10 acres. Cumulative impacts of greater than 300 linear feet of stream channel or 0.5 acres of wetlands will require an Individual Permit (IP). USACE regulations also state that cumulative impacts of greater than 0.5 acres of all jurisdictional waters will now require an IP. An IP will take 10 to 12 months to obtain due to a high level of regulatory scrutiny. The proposed access easement crosses an intermittent stream channel. Federal waters permitting may apply if impact to this channel is proposed. 7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Terracon's wetland delineation (Terracon Project No. HL207075) identified two potential streams. Stream SA is located approximately 60 feet north of the proposed tower compound and approximately 200 feet north of the proposed access easement. Stream SB was observed within the proposed access easement, approximately 800 feet south of the proposed tower compound. It is Terracon's opinion that these features will likely be classified as WoUS. This delineation represents Terracon's opinion and only the USACE can establish final jurisdiction. Terracon recommends that site plans be evaluated to determine if construction of the access easement will impact the stream channel. If a pipe or fill impact is proposed to cross the stream channel then federal waters permitting may apply. The study area is located in the Yadkin -Pee Dee River Basin; no state or local riparian buffer regulations will apply. Responsive ■ Resourceful s Reliable 5 Wetland Delineation Red Bridge Site Stanly County, North Carolina Irerracon April 27, 2020 Terracon Project No. HL207075 8.0 STANDARD OF CARE Terracon's services were performed in a manner consistent with generally accepted practices of the profession undertaken in similar studies in the same geographical area during the same time period. Terracon makes no warranties, express or implied, regarding the findings, conclusions or recommendations. Please note that Terracon does not warrant the work of laboratories, regulatory agencies or other third party resources supplying information used in the preparation of the report. These services were performed in accordance with the scope of work agreed to with our client. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations resulting from these services are based upon information derived from the on -site activities and other services performed under this scope of work; such information is subject to change over time. Certain indicators of the presence of wetlands may have been latent, inaccessible, unobservable, or not present during our services. We appreciate the opportunity to provide services to Verizon Wireless. If you have any questions concerning this report, or if we can assist you in any other matter, please call our office at 770-623-0755. Sincerely, l rerracon Robert Turnbull Senior Scientist Attachments: Figure 1: Topographic Vicinity Map Figure 2: Aerial Image Figure 3: National Wetland Inventory Map Figure 4: Soil Survey Map Figure 5: FEMA Map Figure 6: Water Features Map Site Photographs Stream Determination Data Forms Client Provided Information Jim W. Baxter Senior Ecologist Responsive ■ Resourceful s Reliable 6 off � J L rlI - \l 11 .y ao � r, f..-ice,. ��rr--__�:•: _:... J�fI 1rWj� `r --7 • ` � � �� � , I� •' . `tip'' . � - % tail te W4tH ahFk1i 600'} j - ' ''fit _ - • 1'��. f •/ IP Legend _ — ' Site Boundary 0 1,000 2,000 Feet r� #� - I _ t f ■ ~� •v a •� r - �. .. Stan fWA. Source: 2011 National Geographic Society/ESRI, i-cubed seamless USGS quadrangles (Locust, NC); Project Study Area approximated by Terracon • • - - _ 'k �+ {` - ' based on data provided by Verizon. r. Disclaimer. The information depicted in this file is for ,C- in purposes only and was not prepared for and is r _ not suitable for legal or engineering purposes. This information presented is not for regulatory review and is- __ intended for use only by a Professional Land Surveyor prior _ •�? • � �' - to regulatory review. •, • • Upper Pee Dee River Basin PM: RT Project No. HL207075 Irerracon Project Location EXHIBIT NO. Drawn By: CEW Scale: 1 in = 2,000 ft Red Bridge 1714 W. Main Locust, Stanly County, North Carolina •� Checked By: KT Filename: Fig 1 -Topo Approved By: KM Date: Aril 2020 2401 Brentwood Road, Suite 107 Raleigh, NC 27604 Phone: (919)873-2211 Fax: (919)873-9555 •<1 Site Legend Q Site Boundary 0 100 200 Feet Source: Latest High -Resolution NC Statewide Orthoimagery, NC OnelVap Server; Project Study Area approximated by Terracon based on data provided by Verizon. Disclaimer: The information depicted in this file is for informational purposes only and was not prepared for and is not suitable for legal or engineering purposes. This information presented is not for regulatory review and is intended for use only by a Professional Land Surveyor prior to regulatory review. PM: RT Project No. HL207075 IrerraconCEW Aerial EXHIBIT NO. Drawn By: Scale: 1 in = 200 ft Red Bridge 9 1714 W. Main Street Locust, Stanly County, North Carolina 2 Checked By: KT Filename: Fig 2-Aerial Approved By: KM Date: April 2020 2401 Brentwood Road, Suite 107 Raleigh, NC 27604 Phone: (919) 873-2211 Fax: (919) 873-9555 TT) tM. if �. f, " OI:. .------ Legend Site Boundary Freshwater Pond (PUBHh) 0 100 200 Feet Source: Latest High -Resolution NC Statewide Orth0imagery, NC OnelVap Server; FWS National Wetlands Inventory Data Set, 2006, Project Study Area approximated by Terracon based on data provided by Verizon. Disclaimer: The information depicted in this file is for informational purposes only and was not prepared for and is not suitable for legal or engineering purposes. This information presented is not for regulatory review and is intended for use only by a Professional Land Surveyor prior to regulatory review. PM: RT Project No. HL207075 Irerracon National Wetland Inventory - NWI EXHIBIT NO. Drawn By: CEW Scale: 1 in = 200 ft Red Bridge 1714 W. Main Locust, Stanly County, North Carolina 3 Checked By: KT Filename: Fig 3-NWI Approved By: KM Date: April 2020 2401 Brentwood Road, Suite 107 Raleigh, NC 27604 Phone: (919) 873-2211 Fax: (919) 873-9555 NSoil Mapping Units TcB2 BaD Badin channery silt loam, 8-15% slopes TbB Tarrus channery silt loam, 2-8% slopes TbD Tarrus channery silt loam, 8-15% slopes - �... TdB Tarrus-Urban land complex, 2-8% slopes Tb t L d - BaF RI; BaD '■ jj:', r �f a'„ TbB Legend Q Site Boundary - Q Soil Boundaries I 0 200 400 - r• TdB Feet Source: Latest High -Resolution NC Statewide - •may.-"s Orthoimagery, NC OnelVap Server; NRCS digital '. + t` . S II S f Sta I C t 2009' P t St d of urvey o in oun y, rotec u y Area approximated by Terracon based on data 7 provided by Verizon. ' Disclaimer: The information depicted in this file is for intopurposes only and was not prepared for and is 1: not suitable for legal or engineering purposes. This IF information presented is not for regulatory review and is intended for use only by a Professional Land Surveyor prior to regulatory review. . _ �{ � Upper Pee Dee River Basin All r%KC PM: RT Project No. HL207075 Irerracon NRCS Soils EXHIBIT NO. Drawn By: CEW Scale: 1 in = 300 ft Red Bridge 1714 W. MainStreet Locust, Stanly County, North Carolina 4 Checked By: KT Filename: Fig 4-Soils Approved By: KM Date: A rll 2020 2401 Brentwood Road, Suite 107 Raleigh, NC 27604 Phone: (919) 873-2211 Fax: (919) 873-9666 is I • . r '' �. � �V. �; /Lc:.r -- - - `� ��� ,•.., ,-1'r � �' { f G / ` -1 lea! ' �i•. � � �x � r r� - ° Loculst 01 �Cqrn% T ---- -- i Water f� nkillllilft o 680 Cam_.. `� •� d - �_ Op Legend __ �.°. Q Site Boundary �: V AE - 1 % Annual Chance Flood Hazard Regulatory Floodway r°�� ��� •! z. l ` X - 0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard J ' + 0 1,000 2,000 y ~ Feet X}� Source: 2011 National Geographic Society/ESRI, i-cubed seamless 6 •1� USGS quadrangles (Locust,NC); FEMA flood hazard layer (NFHL) data' ' A , provided by FEMAweb mapping services; Project Study Area approximated by Terracon based on data provided by Verizon. Disclaimer: The information depicted in this file is for informational purposes only . `p • i, and was not prepared for and is not suitable for legal or engineering purposes. This q •� - information presented is not for regulatory review and is intended for use only by a (,' , t , S • +• }t Upper Pee Dee River Basin Professional Land Surve or prior to re ulator review. r PM: RT Project No. HL207075 I rerracon Flood EXHIBIT NO. Drawn By: CEW Scale: 1 in = 2,000 fit Red e Bridge 9 1714 W. Main Street Locust, Stanly County, North Carolina 5 Checked By: KT Filename: Fig 5-Floodl Approved By: KM Date: April 2020 2401 Brentwood Road, Suite 107 Raleigh, NC 27604 Phone: (919)873-2211 Fax: (919)873-9555 0 Legend Q Site Boundary Potential Non -Wetland Waters of the US (Stream) o Culvert 0 100 200 Feet Source: Latest High -Resolution NC Statewide Orthoimagery, NC OnelVap Server; Project Study Area approximated by Terracon based on data provided by Verizon. Disclaimer: The information depicted in this file is for informational purposes only and was not prepared for and is not suitable for legal or engineering purposes. This information presented is not for regulatory review and is intended for use only by a Professional Land Surveyor prior to regulatory review. / SA SB • :1E tWfi .. _. 1� Upper Pee DWBasin PM: RT Project No. HL207075 IrerraconCEW Potential Wetlands and Waters of the US EXHIBIT NO. Drawn By: Scale: 1 in = 200 ft Red Bridge 9 1714 W. Main Street Locust, Stanly County, North Carolina 6 Checked By: KT Filename: Fig 6-PworuS1 Approved By: KM Date: April 2020 2401 Brentwood Road, Suite 107 Raleigh, NC 27604 Phone: (919) 873-2211 Fax: (919) 873-9555 OA �"»- r . ` 1 -max-- J,� _ ^�• d,y ��$$ , e i�' _t f �' y �.� � it • �G'- ,A � a ' a• ,jam`' ,;i .'�✓ i ;• • 11'1-&'W'' `A d .k+ +yd'' '��L'R i6'�'� �y'J� g a'S•'S, =-n' .p� •4' .�� �� '` .a�� < fir. �`W`'N ��Fh�'�'�c � � "� -'\ � u �'T's •� ,:j X-fit - �,'�'�u;: ♦� �`"w r '� 'vS.S'� ems: �f" ri . Al 44 qL fir Ys �dai y�.'�^"+"q[�+ei'•; �. 'v'/ 1 Gy YI I/ M K� ?' E Y � � .+� � ��c ' / ` NC DWO Stream Identification Form Version 4.11 V{K Date: y I l -�; J W Project/Site: J,,f� PA4 Latitude: ; � '�'� D Evaluator: Tt(t0(W_X.V"r A1V1W! County: ffAnl /NG Longitude:_ jb.4(j fjZ. Other L0j)V ft- e.g. Quad Name: Total Points: Stn:am is at least intermittent '��j, �J Stream Determination (circle Ephemeral Intermittent rennia if a 19 or perennial if >_ 30* A. Geomorphology (Subtotal = } Absent Weak Moderate Strong 1a. Continuity of channel bed and bank 0 1 2 2. Sinuosity of channel along thalweg 0 2 3 3. In -channel structure: ex. rife -pool, step -pool, ripple -pool sequence 0 1 2 ID 4. Particle size of stream substrate 0 1 2 5. Active/relict floodplain 0 1 2 3 6. Depositional bars or benches 0 1 3 7. Recent alluvial deposits 0 1 2 3 8. Headcuts 0 (1 2 3 9. Grade control 0 0.5 1.5 10. Natural valley 0 0.5 1.5 11. Second or greater order channel No = Yes = 3 aIuuldaMI U, IG.J QIC HUL IQCOU, AGG 414I 4W01.IUI1 III nIOIIum B- Hvdroloov (Subtotal = r1,5- ] 12. Presence of Baseflow 0 1 2 13. Iron oxidizing bacteria 1 2 3 14. Leaf litter CLY 1 0.5 0 15. Sediment on plants or debris 0 0.5 1.5 16. Organic debris lines or piles 0 0.5 1.5 17. Soil -based evidence of high water table? I No = 0 Yes = C- Bioloav lSuhtotal = --I ] 18. Fibrous roots in streambed 2 1 0 19. Rooted upland plants in streambed 2 1 0 20. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 1 2 3 21. Aquatic Mollusks 1 2 3 22. Fish 0 0.5 1 1.5 23. Crayfish 0 0.5 1 1.5 24. Amphibians 0 El 1 1.5 25. Algae 0 1w 1 1 1.5 26. Wetland plants in streambed FACW = 0.75; OBL = 1.5 Other = 1 *perennial streams may also be identified using other methods. See p. 35 of manual. -� Notes: Sketch: NC DWn Stream identification Form Version 4.11 jY';� Date: t4 �15 '�,(� Project/Site: k� On 4 ,, Latitude: Evaluator: R t14 All - 1'-- OwW01 County: S VAvit'j, t r4i., Longitude: Total Points: Stream is at least intermittent 34 15 Stream Determination (circle one) Ephemeral Intermitten renni Other L_0UV,S+' e.g. Quad Name: if >_ 19 or perennial if >_ 30* A. Geomorphology (Subtotal Absent Weak Moderate Strong 18. Continuity of channel bed and bank 0 1 2 2. Sinuosity of channel along thalweg 0 y 2 3 3. In -channel structure: ex. riffle -pool, step -pool, ripple -pool sequence 0 1 2 4. Particle size of stream substrate 0 1 2 3, 5. Active/relict floodplain 07 1 2 6. Depositional bars or benches 0 1 3 7. Recent alluvial deposits 0 1 3 B. Headcuts 0 1 2 9. Grade control 0 0.5 1.5 10. Natural valley 0 0.5 1 1.5 11. Second or greater order channel No = Yes = 3 artificial ditches are not rated; see discussions in manual R Hvdrnlnov iSuhtntnl = 0�' 5 1 12. Presence of Baseflow 0 1 2 3 13. Iron oxidizing bacteria 6P 1 2 3 14. Leaf litter 1 0.5 0 15. Sediment on plants or debris 0 0.5 1.5 16. Organic debris lines or piles 0 0.5 1.5 17. Soil -based evidence of high water table? No = 0 Yes = t; Rinlnnv (RiihtntA= 18. Fibrous roots in streambed ® 2 1 0 19. Rooted upland plants in streambed 2 1 0 20. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 0 1 2 3 21. Aquatic Mollusks 1 2 3 22. Fish 0.5 1 1.5 23. Crayfish k6 0.5 1 1.5 24. Amphibians 0.5 1 1.5 25. Algae 0.5 1 1.5 26. Wetland plants in streambed FACW = 0.75; OBL = 1.5 Other = 0 *perennial streams may also be identified using other methods. See p. 35 of manual. 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