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Home My WebLink AboutNC0025135_WASTELOAD ALLOCATION_19850207NPDES DOCUMENT SCANNING COVER SHEET NPDES Permit: NC0025135 Huffman Finishing WWTP Document Type: Permit Issuance Wasteload Allocation Authorization to Construct (AtC) Permit Modification Complete File - Historical Compliance Speculative Limits Instream Assessment (67b) Environmental Assessment (EA) Permit History Document Date: February 7, 1985 This docaimeat is Priazted on cease Paper - ignore a my ooamteat on the reverse side P 3 NPDES WASTE LOAD ALLOCATION Facility Name: • �1 I J F / !l i!/ Ni s G % �/ 7 Date Existing O/ Proposed O Permit No.: N C O o Pipe No.: G6/ ? • - - i7►ii�ii7.� County: C. i9 Lola /% Design Capacity (MGD) : O - Ci Industrial (% of Flow): ^/ /i O Domestic (% of Flow) : Receiving Stream: i A - Class: /7 Sub -Basin: i Reference USGS Quad: (Please attach) Requestor: Regional, Office Guideline limitations, if applicable, are to be listed on the back of this form.) Design TL-mp.: Z30(1- Drainage Area (mil) : 0.3 z Avg. Streamf low (cfs) : 0. 37 S cL 7Q10 (cfs) 0. m? S Winter 7Q10 (cfs) 30Q2 (cfs) U • ( ''.4v Location of D.O. minimum (miles below outfall): 0.1 Slope (fpm) /Ll0 4 ti Velocity (fps): 0. ( 7 I Kl (base e , per day) : 6. 8 3 K2 (base e , Der day) : %� • 3 6 1N --+ 0 /A_0 ;ash 1, wcZ Effluent Characteristics Monthly Average Comments U 3k I'J C. ( 123 P .0 , ( V CL SS Fr p� 267 3 R,F� -135- I1170 oa Z_ •-+ 2, 4 T_ r Effluent I Characteristics :donthly P-verage - Comments 12 gPr 26 7 - 4 ROT .l 7 D q /D ^13FT Z,NS' L(•e( i3C, s Ckt�D O•oG1 Comments: Wa_ 1•ZS z,ti5 ur, Or4ed Allocation Al location nfirmation //� 0 Prepared By: ..--d/'Y C_ (Z d Reviewed By: Date: Li,.;'&' Y'i.ti._ for Apriate Dischargers, list Complete Guideline Limitations Below Effluent Characteristics Monthly Average Maximum Daily Average Comments S S✓LFccfl c1, `lS� ToTgL <:- b ram«Ys d 3 - 5 Type of Product Produced Lbs/Day Produced Uflvent Guideline Reference Dmi ti 3^61 > - A Creek 47'30,. 93/ 7 m3E / Gacn,ku'urrl,er -- ��Radio ro e l n, ` 3960 (WKJ 'Nil _ ,COG 1154 (/3959 Res �QOI e958000m N. Y ' -0 -RIP -HER \�\ C=DWELL CO / V 945 / ��\`_ ley J '�� •\�_..1 "... � n � /. 463 1V • cus covERNm EN r oeirvnxc 0fTICE ,.9; 3-5ia-078iv 35'45' <659mm{ 81'22'30" ROAD CLASSIFICATION t'Syc Primary highway. Light -duty road. hard or -"o� hard surface improved surface Secondary highway. hard surface Unimproved road Interstate Route U S. Route State Route Form W061 - A 0 ,1 WASTE LOAD ALLOCATION APPROVAL FORM Facility Name: Huffman Finishing County: Caldwell Sub -basin: Regional Office: MRO Requestor: D Type of Wastewater: Industrial 100 Domestic If industrial, specify type(s) of industry: Hosiery Receiving stream: U.T. Catawba River Class:C Other stream(s) affected: Catawba River Class: A-IIt! 7Q10 flow at point of discharge: Site 001: 0.075 cfs Site 002: 40 cfs (min. inst. rel.) 30Q2 flow at point of discharge: Site 001: 0.1 cfs Natural stream drainage area at discharge point: 0.3 m Recommended Effluent Limitations Site 001 Site 002 Monthly Avg. Daily Max. Monthly Avg. Daily Max. N (mgd) 0.07 0.07 BOD5 (#/D) 61 123 BPT 61 123 D.O. (mg/1) 5 WQ -- -- pH (SU) 6-9 BPT 6-9 TSS (#/D) 267 534 BPT 267 534 COD (#/D) 735 1470 BPT 735 1470 Sulfide (#/D) 2.45 4.9 BPT 2.45 4.9 Phenols (#/D) .00i WQ 1.23 2?45, * Tot. Cr. (#/D) .056 WQ 0.23 41D 2.`IS *"The 96 hr. LC hallshall be greater than 90% at Site 001, or greater than 35%Rat Site OOZ." MEN BPT BPT BPT BPT BPT err This allocation is: / / for a proposed facility % / for a new (existing) facility /X/ a revision of existing limitations Increase in /_/ a confirmation of existing limitations Production :u �y (�). ',S3000,504 Techncial SuWort Reviewed by: Regional Permits Date: 1 ZS �r Date: / L5 005- Date: Z-s�-J!�— Date: ,7/,S'_ 9n9 b°$aff Data= Past bioassay results have indicated waste is toxic. IWC indicates potential for instream toxicity. (See attached memo) CBOD: BODS ratio of 3:1 used. Recommend requiring discharger to provide long term BOD test. New U.S.G.S. estimates pending. DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT JANUARY 24, 1985 M E M O R A N D U M TO: Steve Tedder FROM: Randy Dodd RCi� THRU: Meg Kerr SUBJECT: Huffman Finishing Potential for Toxic Impact Please find attached a compilation of information pertaining to Huffman Finishing's discharge to an unnamed tributary of the Catawba River near Granite Falls. Calculations have been performed under 30Q2 conditions, as well as 7Q10 and average flow conditions. At the Catawba River site, the calculation was based on the minimum instan- taneous release from Rhodluss (40 cfs). Please see me if you have any questions. RD:mlt Attachment cc: Ken Eagleson S--e_ o 0 1 1 5. <_w� L Tv_-Itz� go �' 3 S 4�6 J Ste co L. Wasteflow (mgd) Design 0.070 Wasteflow QDes Huffman Finishing Natural Flows (cfs) 7Q10 0.075 30Q2 0.1 QAvg. 0.375 Min. inst. rel 40 (Catawba River) Instream Waste Concentrations Site 001 Site 002 UT- Catawba River Catawba River Natural Flow 7Q10 30Q2 QAvg Min. Inst. Rel 59% 52% 22% 0.3% Travel Time to Catawba River (0.68 miles) Flow condition Velocity (fps) Travel Time (hrs) 7Q10 and 30Q2 .10 9.97 QAvg 0.160 6.23 5 TOXICOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF HUFFMAN FINISHING COMPANY NPDES # NCO0251135 January 22, 1985 I N.C. Division of Environmental Management Technical Services Unit Aquatic Toxicology Group ;o - 4 -/. JUL 1855 CENTRAL FILE COPY 9 TOXICOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF HUFFMAN FINISHING COMPANY NPDES # NCO0251135 January 22, 1985 I N.C. Division of Environmental Management Technical Services Unit Aquatic Toxicology Group ;o - 4 -/. JUL 1855 CENTRAL FILE COPY 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ii List of Tables ............................ List of Figures ............ : ................................. Introduction ........................................ Toxicity Examination .... I ........................... I ....................... Chemical Sampling ................ .......... Benthological Survey ..................... .............17 Summary and Recommendations ................. 4 .......... 22 Appendix......... 4 ................. ....... ......... 24 V 4 �V) -Jul. 1985 CENTRAL FILE copy f.. LIST OF TABLES i Page Table 1. Huffman Finishing Flow and Screening Test Data Summary........... 3 Table 2. Sampling Site Descriptions.......................................11 I Table 3. Chemical Summary.................................................14 Table 4. Dissolved Oxygen and Hydrogen Ion Concentrations .................16 Table 5_ Benthos Tax& Richness............................................19 Table 6. Benthos Species List and Relative Abundance ......................20 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Huffman Finishing Wastewater Treatment Facility Schematic........ 4 Figure 2. 96 Hour Flow -through Log Concentration vs. Mortality Graph........ 7 Figure 3. Ceriodaphnia Reproduction Test- Schematic ......................... 6 Figure 4. Study Area and Sampling Sites....................................10 JuL 1985 CENTRAL COPY Finishing Company from October 8 to October 13, 1984. Huffman Finishing is located in Granite Falls, N.C. which lies in Caldwell County. Huffman Finishing is a bleaching and dyeing operation of cotton and cotton/synthetic socks. Included in this report are biological and chemical findings of the on -site flow -through examination. Tests performed during the flow -through include: I 1. Seven day Ceriodaphnia reproduction test to determine chronic toxicity. I 2. Ninety-six hour flow -through bioassay using fathead minnows and performed on effluent at final discharge site. 3. Forty-eight hour static bioassays conducted on influent,and effluent; samples. 4. Chemical samplings at various points of the waste stream and at points upstream and downstream of the final discharge point. 5. Collection of. benthic macroinvertebrate samples.. - This testing was initiated as the result of seven 48 hour Daphnia uD lex static bioassays conducted prior to the on -site investigation. I.Ceo's of these tests ranged from <2.5% to no acute toxicity for the final test of September 19, 1984. Results of these screening tests as well as facility and receiving stream flows are given in Table 1. This observed reduction in toxicity closely parallels reductions of phenolic compounds and chromium levels reported during the same period in self -monitoring data (see Appendix). Huffman Finishing Company discharges into an unnamed tributary to the1� 91011�� Catawba River in the Catawba River Basin. The design flow of this plan t��Os .07 4 JUL 1985 MGD and the 7010 0} the receiving stream is .075 cubic feet per secondti ThCENTPAI PILE COPY that at low flow con dit ions .the effluent comprises 59% 01 the receiving means stream The 3002 of the U.T. to Catawba River Is 0.1 cfs. At a facility design flo, of .07 mgd the instream waste concentration at 3002 conditions is 51%. At average stream flow (.375 cfs) and at average wasteflow (.095 mgd) conditions th effluent comprises 28% of the receiving stream. A schematic of the Huffman Wastewater Treatment Facility can be found in Figure 1. Influent to this facility is initially passed through a vibrating lint screen from which it is directed towards two series connected aeration basins. From these, the waste Is pumped to a clarifier and then to the flocculent addition and settling tank. At the terminal end of this tank the waste passes through mixed media filters before chlorination, contact, end final discharge" Return sludge is pumped from the clarifier to both the upper and lower aeration basins. Waste sludge can be spent to the sludge drying beds. 0" "VAS JUL 1985 CERRA IL.W6d "t -2- X Table 1. Huffman Finishing Flow and Screening Test Summary Wasteflow (mgd) Natural Flows (03) Design 0.070 7010 0.1075 Min. 0.082 3002 0.1 Max. 0.102 Ow.o 0.375 Avg. 0.095 Test Type Sample Tvpe 19" Date (Daphnis pulex) 48 hr. static 24 hr. comp. 3% 830505 48 hr. static Grab 7% 830520 48 hr. static Grab (2.5% 830407 48 hr. static 24 hr. comp. 25% 840125 48 hr static 24 hr comp. 14% 840125 (Pimepholas promelas) 48 hr..static Grab None 48 hr. static Grab None 840919 840919 JUL 196 CENTRA - Figure. I- Waslewoter,,Treatment Facility Schematic. nutln'ult t uuan•••n• .F'.I • - Effluent. Sludge Return ----------T------t---------------F------fi / t Linl;. EquaUxotlon/ t I Scree" Aeration Basin / Sl udge / Drying t - �f4,'•'. / Drain Pond for Flocculent Tank Beds t Influent .'� Clarifier ',Flocculent Discharge r Addition 9 Settling Welr� - Loh �r Diffused - Mised Media Filters • Aeration — '� Basin Chlorine Contact Toxicity Examination' The on -site toxicological examination was performed on the basis of Daphni uo lex screening bioassays which Indicated that acutely toxic conditions may be associated with the effluent (Table 1). On -site acute bioassays conducted at both the influent and effluent included Daphnia uo lex static tests as well as a 96 hour flow -through bioassay using fathead minnows and Ceriodaphnia reproduction bioassays. The 96 hour flow -through bioassay was conducted on effluent withdrawn I I i immediately above the final overflow weir prior.to discharge. This waste was not ' subject to any type of chlorination or disinfection. Dilution water for this bioassay was taken at Station 04 which is an unnamed tributary to the Catawba River and is approximately 20 meters above its confluence with the Huffman effluent ditch. This dilution water was tested prior to this evaluation through the use of the Ceriodaohnia reproduction bioassay. Reproduction in this dilution water was similar to that of laboratory culture water and therefore ,i. suitable for use as a diluent. The flow -through test was initiated at 09:25 on Tuesday, October 9, 1984_ Pimeohelas oromelas, the test organisms, were placed in the test chambers approximately 20 hours prior to test initiation. All of the test organisms were cultured at the N.C. Aquatic Toxicology hatchery and were 4 weeks of age when used for this flow -through bioassay. Ten fish were placed in each chamber with replicates at each of six concentrations and a control (Station 04 dilution water). During this test the dilutor cycled 490 times. The final 96 hr. flow -through mortality is as follows: 001:11L+�vc0%�. CENTRE- _cli _ -5- Effluent Concentration (%) 0 of Test Organisms Mortality 100 10 10 100 10 10 75 10 10 75 10 10 50 10 10 50 10 10 25 10 2 25 t0 2 10 10 0 10 10 0 5 10 0 5 10 0 C 10 0 C 10 0 This data is depict.ed graphically in Figure 2. The LCeo value was determined to be 33%. Specifically, a waste concentration of 33% is predicted to cause a 50% kill within a 98 hour period. Further Daphnia uo lex acute bioassays were also performed on site. Results of these are as follows: Location Date I.C.- Station 2 (Final v-weir) 841011 72% Influent 841011 28% This data indicates that some reduction in Ftoxicity is provided within the Huffman waste treatment facility. �11Z1?3/�� In addition to the acute toxicity testing performed while on -sit a !W410ar of reproductive tests were performed in association with the dischar organisms used in this test were Ceriodaohnia, a small crustacean with M Y ' FACILITY DATE Huffman Finishing-96Hour 10/13/84 100 % 90% 80 % 70% 60% 50% 40 % 30% 20% 10 9i 5*A LC 50, 33% Concentration Vs. % Mortality ............ ------------ MEMNON moon %MORTALITY X.C. WMIC r0XICOL00,LWDLP -7- t ` Figure 3 Cenodaphnia Reproduction lest=acnemaiic rnurrman �Irnsrnrig _ f 1001. . A. S. T. 07 R-1. 5 U. T to N. O. E. L. -<5% 213 Catawba River A. S. T=<1 R=0 300 Complete Mortality 4 J1`20 A.S.T. ->6. 4 A. S. T. =2. 7 R=24.7 2C R=0 80% Mortality 0 3 A. S. T. ->3.4 R=0 80% Mortality A.S.T.— Average Survival Time (Days) R= Number of young/adult "400 A. S. T->5.8 D R=0 20% Mortality 1 200 1 Catawba River Approximate Distance Between Stations -in Meters .� 20 0 10 Similar effects were found at Station 2B using samples collected from the effluent ditch, considering that these samples received no dilution. At the lowest point in the effluent ditch (2C) survival time had increased to 2.7 days with no reproduction. Again these samples received no dilution except for that provided by the stream itself. Both Station 3 and 3A also had no reproduction with respective mortalities of 80 and 20%. The control site (4) had no mortality and reproduction of 24.7 neonates per female. This data may be reviewed schematically in Figure 3. Chemical Sampling Extensive chemical sampling was performed while on -site at Huffman Finishing Company. Sample site descriptions can be found in Table 2 with a map of the sample sites found in Figure 4. All of the samples were instantaneous grabs except for Station No. 2 which were 24 hr. composite samples. Station No. 2, located immediately above the final weir and at the chlorine contact chamber, was the bioassay sampling point. It is important to note that chlorination was discontinued during the flow -through examination. Chemical summaries and results of all analyses can be found in Table 3. A review of the chemical measurements taken in association with the Huffman examination revealed two constituents present in toxic concentrations (copper, zinc). Table 3 contains three columns which help to define the toxicity of these elements. Column (S) predicts stream concentration at 7010 low flow conditions (using effluent concentrations measured during the on -site examination) and��'^, column (T) predicts stream concentration at average discharge and stream.,,' 01 conditions. Another interpretation (column R) gives the maximum effluent iab.� ;•�d concentrations which can be discharged while still meeting the Water Ouglsit ' 1 :{ a� 0 Station 2 Station 24 1 Weir � to VCeratlori basin �.. c Caldwell Co., N.C. '.X�� Table 2. Sampling Site Descriptions for the Huffman Finishing Study Area. Station Descriotl_On 2 Huffman Finishing WWTP at the chlorine contact chamber immediately .above the final overflow weir. This was the bioassay sampling point. 2A Huffman Finishing WWTP after the lint filter at the influent entrance to the equalization tank. 28 Huffman Finishing effluent ditch approx.imately 325 meters below the discharge point. At this point the ditch is 0.5 meters wide with a clay substrate. 2C Huffman Finishing effluent ditch approximately 10 meters above its confluence with a U.T. to the Catawba River. At this point the ditch is 1.5 meters wide with a bottom substrate of mostly slate and cobble with some sand. 3 U.T. to the Catawba River approximately 20 meters below its confluence with the Huffman Finishing effluent ditch. At this point the U.T. is 1.5 meters wide witha bottom substrate of mostly slate with some sand. 3A U.T. to the Catawba River approximately 150 meters above its confluence with the Catawba River. At this point the U.T. is approximately 2 meters wide with a bottom substrate of mostly sand. q U.T. to the Catawba River approximately 20 meters above its confluence with the Catawba River. At this point the U.T. is approximately 1 meter wide with a bottom substrate of mostl4� It 1�J9Js with some sand. This was the dilution water site for th ro ,U4 �gtij5 flow -through Ceriodaohnia and Daphnia up IeX bioassays. -11- Standards. By comparing the predicted concentrations to the discharge limits one can see when or if there Is a problem with a certain substance. Copper exceeds the discharge limit required to meet Water Quality Standards (25 ug/1) at predicted 7010 low flow conditions (50.26 ug/1) but does not exceed this limit at predicted average discharge and stream flow conditions (24 ug/I). The concentration of copper at Station 2 on both dates exceed the Water Quality Standard Action Limit.of 15 ug/I. The concentration of copper is considered marginally toxic. The predicted concentration of zinc at 7010 low flow conditions is 310 ug/I and at average discharge and stream flow is 148 ug/I. Both of these concentrations exceed the discharge limits to meet Water Quality Standards which is 85 ug/I. The actual Water Quality Standard for zinc is 50 ug/I. All of the stations (except No. 4 (Oct. 13)) exceed this limit. Zinc at these levels is considered to be acutely toxic. There appears to be a fluctuation of these metal concentrations in the Huffman influent (Station 2A). The treatment process appears to provide significant removal of both metals but concentrations present are still considered toxic. Results from samples obtained on October 11 and October 13 indicate that TBTH levels were less than .02 ug/I. CDPP (Irgasan) levels for both sampling dates were less than 1.0 ug/I at Station No. 2. Other organic compounds found were Octomethyl Cyclotetrasiloxane and Hexamethyl Cyclotetrasiloxane. Octomethyl Cyclotetrasiloxane levels at the bioassay sampling point were 53 ug/I (Oct. 11) and 43 ug/I (Oct. 13). Hexamethyl Cyclotetrasiloxane was not found at Station No. 2 but at Station No. 3 (Oct. 13) and Station No.s 2C, a and 3A on Oct. 1 �O�l�'A 1014< These two organic compounds, common constituents in fabric, are considered/4 ,JULs'1985 have no effect of aquatic life at these levels. Another organic compound �CERML4 �� Dioxane was detected at Station 3 at a concentration of 410 ug/l. Dioxane`4y,VILE Ck c used as a solvent for a wide range of organic products including detergents dyes. While toxicities associatedwith aquatic life are not of concern at these -12- levels, It is a Suspected carcinogen and therefore worthy of note. There were 5 unidentified organic peaks found on both sampling dates at the bioassay sample point. It is important to note that results from Oct. 11 and Oct. 13 at Station 2 were fairly consistent with no major variations. Zinc and copper were the only two substances whose levels exceeded Water Quality Action Limits. Table 4 summarizes pH and dissolved oxygen conditions found in the receiving stream during the on -site investigation. It can be seen that effluent dissolved oxygen concentrations were extremely low. These ranges were similar to D.O. levels measured in the aeration basin ((.5 ppm). Dissolved oxygen levels were found to be suitable 05 ppm) in the receiving stream immediately below the effluent discharge. The pH levels were always between T and 8 standard units. a - * - 5K AL 150A CENTRAL FILE COPY -13- Table 3. Chemical Summary - Huffman Finishing p 1 C D E F 0 A I J t 2 3 �a O'MoN FLOP Mm) 07 js OOEReQ gISCNAR(Z (Nm) .095 a ROERAQ SIRERM FLOg (CFS) .31 7 17919 (CFS) .075 11 13M (CFS) .10 1 10 I MeNical/phylical units Uater oullity Ste 2 I Sta Ip Sta ZB Ste ZC Ste 3 1 Su 31 Sto e II pool es Stuldards Wig/it /I/1o/11 WIVII 01/10/11 W1o/i1 W1g/11 W10/11 IZ 14 BOB Pon 71 do 12 54 31 11 1 IS C00 11011 do 3000 330 250 Ill 6 16 Colihrn:NF Fetal 1100NI 1900 6000 120000 5000 40M 3000 30 17 Residue. TOTAL Ron Z300 3909 troo 1400 Seel ag IN Residue. volatile n 310 ISO DO 171 iml 94 19 Residue. fixed MIT 2400 root 1200 no 25 79 Residue SUSPENOED III) 1510 39 03 2 1 21 Residue uolatila n Q 1a 1300 35 13 <1 <1 22 Residue fixed n 25 270 a M 1 1 13 AN standard unit-IT-7.40 7.30 7.70 7.60 7.40 6.10 2e Acid IZ 56 25 12 15 1 ZS Alkalinity /l 310 3" 240 170 140 a 25 FormadeA de NO 27 Hardness Z6 24 25 U a 29 20 MBAS 500.09 .29 <.1 <.1 .10 <.1 <.1 29 Peanols PO <s <5 36.00 <s <5 1.00 <5 30 NN3 31 TIN 32 102.103 IM .01 .01 .22 .19 .5/ 33 P.tatal 57.00 76.00 31.99 21.00 .01 31 Aluninon MIT 200 300 log 200 log 100 35 CadduN 2 <ro <ZO <20 <ro <20 <ro <20 35 C1lroeiue se <50 <50 <So <50 <se <59 <sg Copper 4A 15 10 70 s0 <20 <20 <ro u0 31 Iron PO I logo 400 500 400 310 3901 dol too N Mar /I .7 a Z 0 <.02 <.02 1 <.2 a Rue onasa /I eo 179 so eo so 601 do ai Nickel U /l 50 .<1011 clog <190 <190 <100 <loo <110 Q Lead 25 <100 <IOO <109 <100 <IDO <100 <120 O Zinc Pon 5o 540 loco 460 296 190 110 <20 de Copp /1 <I MIT <t <I <.2Z b Tri Butyl. Tin M dride /I .001 <.02 <.02 col <.02 <.02 Y ottenetA 1 cyclotatrastioxafte 411 53 lie logo 19000 2e B 47 Unidentified Organics Peeks e 5 7 t1 is e 3 u Roxaete 1 cloutruiloxane /1 let 2500 0 41 I'd Oioxane /1 -14- Table 3 (Cont.) p L p 1 0 ► 0 ! S T 1 2 3 ViA, tl,)- 4 S S 7 GS 1 9 10 SU 2 Ste 20 SU ZO SU ZC SU 3 SU 31 Ste 4 oi$chup limits Predicted street Predicted strtu 11 94/10/13 84/10/13 WIV13 WIO/13 84/10/13 94/10/13 WID/131 to meet meter rnmreetretiom at mnceetretia At t1 1 plaityItiu 7010 t da. floc we dischup t strew floe -- "-- - 13 - --- - - - - ----- 14 94 Sn 54 /0 7 15 No 350 380 238 12l 16 17 Zang 3900 24081 1400 1100 82 1449 931 t! 350 1S00 I ml ISO 140 611 195 13 19 2290 24M 1 2101 1200 logo 211 1242 592 21 95 1500 1 401 30 3 11 51 19 21 09 1380 1 341 25 31 11 51 24 22 111 71 210 51 5 (11 <11 9 5 23 24 25 25 <. t 77 ' 21 .20 845.52 .12 .06 29 <S 18.00 <S <5 <S 30 0. So 11.80 9.101 5.20 3.75 2.51 1.20 31 15.01 57.00 13.001 5.40 5.501 4.43 2.11 32 .92 .01 .al :44 .08 33 57.00 93.0 oz.081 35.00 le.00 1 38.a1 17.48 34 300 ROD 2001 Ho tog (1001 177 a5 8 20 <20 (Zol QO Qo QO 1 3 36 <So <58 <50 <55 <50 (501 as 37 90 Ida 301 20 Q0 (201 25 50 24 30 500 logo 3001 480 400 1001 1691 255 IV 39 0 I 1 <.1 <.2 <.2 (.71 0 0 0 41 1 MI 231 sol 50 60 <Sol 47 23 41 <100 <100 <100 <100 <160 ilool as Q <1001 <IN <100 <109 clog (lul 42 43 S10 4200 240 140 10 QO as 319 140 1/ <1 <1.0 <1 <1 <.27 45 <.02 <.02 cu cu <.02 .01 41 a Z9 24 5900 28 a 5 13 s 41 3000 49 410 JUL 1965 CENTRAL. FILE COPY -15- 1� .... . ... ... . . Table 4. Dissolved Oxygen and'Hydrogen ion Concentrations (D.O. and pH) at Huffman Finishing. 841009 841010 841011 $41012 station pH D.O. pH D.O. pH D.O. pH D.O. 2 7.2 0.2 7.4 0.1 4.9, 0.5 7.6 0.1 2A 7.4 0.1 7.4 0.5 7.6 0.1 28 7.3 3.9 7.4 3.5 7.6 2.9 7.6 1.6 2c 7,6 6.2 7.6 5.3 7.7 4.0 7.7 3.0 3 7.6 7.4 7.6 8.1 7.7 7.0 7.7 5.6 4 7.1 10.9 7.4 11.2 7.8 11.2 .7 .4 10.8 3A 7.3 6.8 6.7 6.3 7-4 6.3 7.3 5.6 Immediately above 7,3 5.6 7.3 5.0 7.0 4.7 Catawba R. JUL 1985 CENTRAL RLE MPY ar-I Benthological Survey A benthic macroinvertebrate survey conducted in March 1983 indicated very poor water quality downstream of the Huffman discharge. A second benthic survey was conducted during the week of October 8, 1984, in association with an on —site toxicological examination by the Aquatic Toxicology Group. Benthos sites coincided with areas selected for Ceriodaohnia reproduction tests (Figure 4, Table 2). Additionally, a fifth station was sampled for benthos as a control site in March 1983. This station is located on another U.T. to the Catawba River at Caldwell SR1751. Samples were collected using DEM's standardized qualitative collection technique. Very poor water quality was indicated in the Huffman effluent ditch (Station 2C)(Tables 5 and 6). This site was characterized by low taxa richness, extremely tolerant species and low productivity. The presence of Culex (mosquito larvae) and Chrvsogaster (rat —tailed maggot) indicated the dissolved oxygen concentration at this site is frequently near zero (anaerobic). The dominant organisms were very small naidid worms, Nais sp. and Dero spp. These genera are frequently abundant in trickling filters. Very few differences were observed between Station 2C and the first downstream receiving stream site, Station 3. A single sample (out of 10) added a few additional midge species, but overall community structure was unchanged. This indicates that upstream dilution was not sufficient to reduce instream toxicity. �a�U�A713�q, The furthest downstream site, Station 3A, showed some minor recover j9ti15 Overall taxa richness increases to 20 and the dominants shift from Naidae,jap,filA��/ r� certain Chironomidae: Psectrotanvous ari, Conchapelooia gr., Chiron s^?E Polvoedilum illinoense and Cricotoous bicinctus. These species are typic heavy organic loading combined with toxicity. Overall invertebrate standing crop I -t7- t fr(. ♦ 4�, � $,;. 1c , x� G 4.. 'i .VS t ; .` j�ty ' --: S a' Is muchlgreater at Station 3A then at Station 3. This reflects an Increase, In., the Aufwuchs (periphyton + fungi) community. Comparison of these 3 stations with the control site (Station 4) clearly shows the poor water quality in lower receiving stream reaches. Total tax& richness was 54 taxa at the control site, but only 13-20 taxa at effluent affected sites. The decline of intolerant groups was even more severe: 15 taxa at the control site, 0-1 taxa at effluent affected sites. This indicates very poor water quality below the Huffman discharge- The low abundance observed in conjunction with low taxa richness at the effluent affected sites is characteristic of combined organic/toxic stress. Comparison with the March 1983 sample must be made with care, due to some normal seasonal variations. However, some minor improvements are suggested. Total taxa richness increased at Station 3A from 13 taxa in 1983 to 20 taxa in 1984. A highly atypical community was observed at Station 3A in 1983. This site was dominated by the midge Polyoedilum fallax, a species that is rarely a dominant in North Carolina streams. CENTRAti Table 5. Taxa Richness Values, U.T. to Catawba R., Caldwell Co., 1983-84. 14 Mar. 83 11 Oct. 84 5 (control) 3A 4 (control) 2C 3 3A xEphemeroptere (E) 9 1 4 - - xPlecoptera (P) 3 - 3 - - - xTrichoptera (T) 12 - 8 Coleoptera 3 1 4 - - - Odonata 4 1 4 Megaloptera 1 1 1 Diptera: Misc. 9 3 8 8 9 5 Diptera: Chiron. 14 3 16 2 5 9 Oligochaeta 4 2 3 3 3 4 Crustacea i - I - - - Molluscs - - I Other - 1 1 - - Total 59 13 54 13 18 20 xSubtotal 23 1 15 0 1 0 Water Ouality Rating G P G P P P G = Good, P = Poor JUL 1985 M c. FILE EPHEMEROPTERA Stenonema carlsoni A ' Baetis pluto A - Ephemerella temporalis R - - - Ephemera blanda A - - - PLECOPTERA Acroneuria xanthenes A - - - Amphinemura sp. C - - - Allocapnia sp. R - - TRICIPTERA Doliphilodes sp. A - - Cheumatopsyche spp. A - R - Diplectrona modesta A - - - Hydropsyche betteni A Goera sp. C - - - Neophylax sp. C - - - Rhyacophila carolina C -, Polycentropus sp. R - - COLEOPTERA Ectopria nervosa A - - Helichus sp. R - - - Stenelmis sp. R - - - Anchytarsus bicolor R - ODONATA Boyeria grafiana R - Lanthus albistylus A - Cordulegaster sp. C - - R Calopteryx sp. R MEGALOPTERA Nigronia fasciata C - Chauliodes pectinicornis - - R C DIPTERA: MISC. Simulium vittatum'gr. A - - S. (Phosterodoros) gr. A - Hexatoma sp. A - - - Tipula sp. A R R C Pseudolimnophila sp. R - - - Polymeda/Ormosia R - - Dixa sp. A - - - Palpomyia (complex) R - - Culex sp. - A C C Chrysogaster sp. - C C R Telmatoscopus sp. R - - Psychoda sp. - R -CUR Limonia sp. - - C RNemotelus sp. R Chrysops sp. R-20- Table 6 (Cont . 4 2C :3 AA DIPTERA: MISC. Ephydridae C C c R R .Empidididae Dolichopodidae, R R DIPTERA: CHIRON. Psectrotanypus dyari A A Conchapelopia gr. R R A Zavrelimyia. sp. C A Brundiniella. sp. R Chiroaamus sp. R A Paracladopelma undine C Microtendipes sp. R Polypedilum illinoense A P. aviceps C C P. fallax Rheotanytarsus spp. R Tanytarsus spp. C Stempellinella sp. R Stempellina montivago A Orthocladius nr. clarkei R Eukiefferiella sp. 1 R E. sp. 6 A E. sp. 12 C Corynoneura sp. C ThienemarAiella spp. C Paraphaenocladius sp. 1 A Parachaetocladius sp. C R. Smittia sp. C R Prodiamesa olivacea R OLIGOCHAETA Nais spp. C A A A Dero spp. A A C A C Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri R Lumbriculidae R R C CRUSTACEA Cambarus sp. A MOLLUSCA Ferrissia rivularis R. OTHER Cura. foremanii R A = Abundant 00+) C - Common (3-9) R = Rare (1-2) �v - 4' --/4, JUL to" CFN OR& HLEGM -21- Summary and Recommendations Influent and effluent Daphnis DUIex tests performed on -site show a toxicity reduction In the waste from 28% to 72%. Continued exposure to the waste for a period of 98 hours shows the fathead minnow flow -through test result to be 33% Sublethal effects of this waste (depression of Ceriodaohnia reproduction) are expressed at the 5% concentration. Effluent and downstream chemistry samples display moderately elevated levels of copper and zinc which could relate to higher concentration toxicities. Levels of copper, zinc, mercury, phenolic compounds, and ammonia detected in the influent to the lower aeration basin would indicate the potential for degradation of waste treatment facility efficiency. Dissolved oxygen levels measured throughout the treatment facility would preclude the proper function of aerobic biological treatment. Currently no floculation is being used within the waste treatment facility. Floculation has been used in the past. This may increase removal efficiencies of the toxic components. The treatment facility has a design flow of 0.07 MGD. Average flow exceeds this level at 0.1 MGD. Slugs surpassing 0.2 MGD have been recorded. The biological evaluations performed instream (Ceriodaohnia bioassays and benthic analyses) demonstrate severe impact to the receiving stream. This impact continues to the Catawba River although slight reductions in toxicity were apparent. By reviewing the data given for wasteflows and streamflows and the LC,, value of 33% the impact to the receiving stream is apparent. Sublethal effects are shown at 5% concentration. The instream waste concentration at average flow conditions is 28%. The In concentrations at 7010 and 3002 conditions are 59% and 51% respectively. These values indicate that even at average flow conditions the waste will be present at concentrations ap the LCeo value of 33% JUL M5 CEffl . FU M -22- rt > - ..,r Based. on the evaluations performed at Huffman the following recommendations should be considered: 1. Copper and zinc are present in the effluent at concentrations which exceed N.C. Water Ouality Action Limits. An action plan should be established by Huffman Finishing Company which demonstrates their efforts to reduce these constituents to below action limit levels. Bioassay monitoring should continue until required levels are attained consistently. 2. It is not anticipated that reduction of zinc and copper levels to appropriate action limits will eliminate all toxicity. The company needs to perform a complete product evaluation to identify all constituents which may be causing toxicity. 3. 1,4 Dioxane, being a suspected carcinogen and discharged within a drinking water watershed, should be completely evaluated for human health effects. This review should include both loading and persistency evaluations. 1 V + VJ JUL nos CENTRE(, FILE or -23- APPENDIX -24- ug/l 400 r-- 300 200 "L 0 t _ 0 20 Huffman Finishing Self Monitoring Data Phenols and Total Chromium Data e Date By Week Nov. 1982-Nov. 1984 Data Reported Past the End of January, 1984 Has Been F or Below Lower DetCteCtable Linits for Both Paraneten 9 0 Phenols Total ChromiL n �- LOWER DETECTABLE CM C. 1 DJUL 100 t x Flow Through Procedure On site, flow -through bioassays are performed on a facility as the result of findings of acute static bioassays performed at the Aquatic.Toxicology Laboratory using Daphnia up lex• These 48 hour screening tests establish facility condidacy i on the basis of acute toxicity and.instream waste concentration. For each on-site,.flow-through bioassay, a pre -test site inspection is per- formed in order to: 1.) Determine appropriate areas for physical placement of the mobile laboratory. 2.) Acquire proper installation and materials needed for electrical service. 3.) Determine appropriate areas for effluent sampling and materials needed for such. 4.) Determine appropriate areas for dilution water sampling and materials for such. 5.) Take additional samples of effluent and intended dilution water for fur- ther static Daphnia up lex tests. 6.) Determine route suitability to the facility for the mobile laboratory (e.g. low clearances, poor road conditions.) 7.) Discuss test procedures and requirements with appropriate facility personnel. Upon actual arrival on -site with the mobile lab, dilution water is obtained and acclimation procedures are begun on the test organisms (Fathead minnows, 2 to 3 weeks of age). Dilution and effluent pumping systems are set up and tested and hydro - lab systems are calibrated (hydrolab calibration is repeated at least once more during the test). An effluent grab sample is taken and a 48 hour Daphnia up lex test is set up that evening. The following day, after 24 hours of acclimation, fish are wet transferred to the test chambers which each contain approximately one liter of dilution water each. Effluent and dilution water pumping systems and the dilutor are then started and the test is begun. Test organisms are fed newly hatched brine shrimp dai Q,'3 out the test. Hydrolab systems monitor dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and ciWW ductance at 15 minute intervals throughout the test. Daily, the Hydr �soon � and stored on magnetic tape and hard copy. On alternate days, hardness`n8,OV3les -26- analyzed on dilution water, effluent at the sampling site, final effluent and re- ceiving stream, upstream and downstream of discharge. On variable effluents, residual chlorine samples are analyzed from sites as described above, at frequent intervals. During the 4 day test, a portion of one day is devoted to collection of benthos samples from the receiving stream. Where appropriate, electrofishing is undertaken for resident fish population data. On a site specific basis, various other efforts, such as monitoring dissolved oxygen levels in the stream are undertaken. On a daily basis, test chamber screens are cleaned, dilution water is collected (where appropriate), effluent and dilution pumping systems 'are checked and altered as necessary, and fish mortalities are recorded. A 24 hour composite sample of the effluent is collected by means of an auto- matic sampler for chemical analyses. Receiving stream and dilution water samples are also collected for chemical testing. A photographic record is made of the waste water facilities, sampling points, receiving stream, and sampling procedures while on -site. At the end of the 96 hour test period, the dilutor is turned off, effluent and dilution pumping systems are dismantled and final mortality observations are made. Final breakdown and packing routines are then begun and the mobile lab is transported back to the Cary Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory. Several special care operating procedures should be mentioned. At facilities which discharge for only a portion of the day, effluent samples are composited by the dilutor system into a large reservoir on board for use as the effluent while discharge is not in progress. Secondly, in those waste streams with a high oxygen demand, aer gli site I/ for the test chambers are initiated and dissolved oxygen levels in ^ ch� &Are monitored closely in order to prevent levels dropping below 40% sat tiQit� l�ldpgpl• Mi temperatures. Ile. In the event that actual receiving waters are deemed unfit for the t §e`'% potentially toxic), alternate sources of dilution water are sought in the vicinity. -27- 48 Hour Daphnia ulex Screening Bioassay Aquatic Toxicology Group N.C. Division of Environmental Management The Aquatic Toxicology Unit performs 48 hour static bioassays using Daphnia pulex, small freshwater crustaceans, to estimate the toxicity of waste discharge to aquatic life in receiving streams. All test and sampling equipment are washed with soap, then rinsed in nitric acid, acetone, and distilled water to remove all toxins and contaminants. Effluent samples are collected by DEM Regional Office or Aquatic Toxicology personnel. The sample is collected as a grab or 24 hour composite using an automatic sampler and is sent chilled to the Aquatic Toxicology Lab by state courier or bus. They must be received within 24 hours after collection. The samples are prepared for testing by being thoroughly mixed, adjusted to standard test temperature, and aerated if dissolved oxygen is below 40% saturation. The effluent is diluted with laboratory well water, typically to seven concentrations (with replicates) from 0 to 100% effluent. Each test chamber. receives 160 ml total volume and 10 test organisms. Mortality of the Daphnia is recorded after 48 hours. A 48 hour LC50, or concentration of effluent lethal to 50% of the test organisms in 48 hours, is calculated from the mortality data. An in -stream waste concentration (IWC), for the effluent in the receiving stream is calculated using the treatment system design flow and low -flow (7Q10) stream capacity. If the effluent toxicity and/or the IWC are high, a persistance test may be conducted. This involves a second 48 hour static bioassay run on the same effluent sample, 96 hours after the first test. If there is a 100% reduction in the LC50, the effluent is considered non- persistance. �12131grS Ju�1 a .17D we Ceriodaphnia Mini -Chronic Bioassay` The Ceriodaphnia reticulata mini -chronic aquatic bioassay is con- ducted in order to estimate the sublethal effect of a toxicant expressed as suppression of reproductive success. The cladoceran Ceriodaphnia reticulata Is used as the test organism in a 7 day static renewal bio- assay. A control and 6 concentrations of effluent, typically ranging from 0.1% to 50% by volume, are established. For each concentration ten organisms are maintained in individual vessels containing 15 mis of test solution. Test temperature is maintained at 250C by incubation with'a photoperiod having no less than a daily 8 hour light cycle. The test is begun with neonates less than 4 hours old. Adults carrying 5 or more eggs with visible eyespots are isolated and checked periodically. Neonates are removed and grouped according to time of birth. Selected groups are then composited to make the youngest set of 70 or more neonates born within a 2 to 4 hour period. The test is begun when these neonates are introduced, one to each test chamber. Temperatures must be within 2 0 C for transfer. The organisms are transferred daily to new test chambers containing fresh toxicant and control solutions. Dissolved oxygen and pH are mea- sured prior to the introduction of the test organisms and upon removal. Dissolved oxygen of greater than 40% saturation is required. Test organisms are fed daily. Each daphnid receives.one drop (0.05 mis) of a solution of 0.5 grams of active dry baker's yeast per 100 mis of distilled water. This food should be made up one day before use, refrigerated, and used no more than 7 days. Reproduction begins on the .fourth or fifth test day. The adult is transferred to fresh test solution. A drop of concentrated nitric acid is added to the chamber from which the adult was removed, immobilizing the young so they can be more accurately counted under a dissecting micro- scope. The test is continued until the control organisms have produced three separate broods of young (typically 7 days). The mean number of young produced per adult is calculated for each concentration at test termination. rbj •_ * •✓J No -29- i List of Definitions Acclimation - refers to the process of gradually adjusting organisms from water of one type to another so that the organisms are not stressed from radical changes in temperature, hardness, pH, ionic strength, etc. Acute toxicity - the effect of a chemical or substance on an organism; usually de- fined as death of that organism. Application Factor - a value established from acute toxicity tests, usually as a i fraction of the LC50, which estimates an instream toxicant level that will be safe for resident organisms. Aquatic - having to do with water. Aquatic Toxicology Group - the group within the Monitoring and Technical Services Unit (Water Quality Section) which performs aquatic bioassays for the Division of Environmental Management. The group is located at the Cary laboratory facilities. All test organisms (including Daphnia pulex and fathead minnows) are cultured at these facilities by Aquatic Toxicology personnel. Benthos/Benthic Macroinvertebrates - a wide assemblage of invertebrate animals (in- sects, crustaceans, mollusca, etc.) which live in streams, act as a very impor- tant food source for fish populations, and are used as long term water quality 'indicators. Bioassay - a test used to determine the effects of a chemical or substance on an organism. Calibration - the adjustment of meters or systems with standards of known values in order to assure the quality of data obtained from these meters or systems. Chronic toxicity - the effect of a chemical or substance on an organism, usually during a longer period of time than that measured for acute toxicity. This effect is usually measured as a non -fatal response. (e.g. reduction in growth, egg production, predator avoidance, feeding rate, etc.) Tests for chronic toxicity frequently take place on entire life cycles of organisms. Composite - a sample or method of sampling used to obtain data on a substance which may vary over time or space. For example; a time or temporal composite of a stream would be one that is collected at intervals of time at the 4211 This is frequently accomplished with automatic sampling device �� Ar Daphnia pulex - a small crustacean commonly called the water flea. ubt is u) throughout most of North America and obtains a maximum size o .,pppty1. tl 3.5 mm. This organism has been adopted for aquatic bioassay teeain�se o` its small size, ease of culture under laboratory conditions, sta �i_,ty. of_g is -30- strains, and sensitivity to toxic substances. D. Pulex is widely accepted in the field of aquatic toxicology for testing in moderately soft waters. Design Flow - the volume of water and waste that is initially planned to pass through a facility of waste treatment plant and still allow maximum operating efficiency. Design flow is usually expressed in millions of gallons per day (MGD) Dilution (water) - the water used in bioassay tests to dilute the waste water to var- ious concentrations (expressed as percent). Wherever possible, this water is from the actual stream that receives the waste, upstream of this waste. When this is not possible, other suitable water is obtained. Dilutor - refers to a modified Mount and Brungs design serial dilution apparatus which receives dilution water and effluent/waste and, through a series of chambers and electrical solenoid valves, mixes the effluent into a series of concentrations for the test (expressed as percentages of 100% effluent). Effluent - the waste water exiting a facility which is discharged as treated waste to a stream or as untreated or pretreated waste to some other facility. Fathead minnow (Pimephelas promelas) - a small fish which accurs throughout much of North America. It obtains a maximum size of approximately 100 mm and is raised commercially as bait fish. The fathead minnow has now for numerous generations been raised in a limited number of laboratory.cultures for use in toxicity testing. The fish can produce.eggs year roand in the laboratory environment under correct conditions and this produces test organisms as needed. The two to three week age class is most often used for these tests. Flow -through - the flow -through bioassay utilized dilutor systems which either con- tinuously or occasionally replace effluent/toxicant concentrations throughout the test. Hydrolab - a multiparameter instrument which measures temperature, dissolved oxygen, PH, and specific conductance of water. Instream Waste Concentration (I.W.C.) - the percent concentration of an effluent/ toxicant which is discharged in a stream under assumed worst cast conditions. The I.W.C. is derived from the formula; 7Q1F. x 100 - I.W.C. (%), where D.F. O Design Flow of the facility in question and 7Q10 a the ten year, seven day, low flow of the receiving stream. ISCO - a brand of automatic, unattended sampling devices which collec cl- water samples. �'�� Aros LC 50 - that concentration or percentage of a waste/chemical/subst a wL4*h �@ to to SOX of test organisms over a stated period of time. U") NPDES - National Pollution Discharge Elimination System. A syste vi Federal Government and adopted by North Carolina for the permi ty,g, moni and pollutional abatement of dischargers to surface waters. -31- f Y Neonate roughly translated',to newly born. In reference to Daphnia pulex, the neonate.refers to the life stage in the first and early second instar, generally the first 24 hours of its life. Screening Bioassay - a testing system established to determine general levels of toxicity of compounds/discharges using 48 hour Daphnia pulex tests quickly and relatively cheaply. 7Q10 = the measurement of a streams lowest average flow over a seven day period during a ten year span, generally stated as flow in cubic feet per second (cfs). The 7Q10 is used in establishing instream waste concentrations to assume worst case conditions. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate - a chemical widely accepted as.a toxicant for testing aquatic organisms for quality assurance purposes in order to determine the relative health of a testing culture. The chemical is a surfactant and relatively safe to use. Static - refers to an aquatic bioassay in which toxicant/effluent concentrations are set up at the beginning of the test and not changed for the rest of the test. This test is generally short term as compared to a flow -through or replacement test because of potential degradation of the toxicant/effluent. Toxicity - the adverse effect of a chemical/substance on an organism. Toxicity is usually defined as _a fatal or non -fatal response over a given period of time. U.T. - Unnamed Tributary - a term given to streams which have no accepted name. 1� orLO Q� to� -32- ,R S j ti S; t. 1. 1 ," Criteria::for isen c�- 1984 A. Protection Agency A I PB85-227445 PB85-227445 a*f i U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ltY�xi yf TI�"M31 t v `5'. 1 National Technical .Information Service I conducted in distilled water, were not long enough, or were noc flow —through, or because the concentration of arsenic in the test solution during the test varied unacceptably or was unknown. BCFs calculated by Anderson, ec al. (1979), Isensee, et al. (1973), Klumpp and Peterson (1981), Schuch, ec al. (1974), and Woolson, et al. (1976) were nor used because they were calculated from microcosm or model ecosystem studies in which water concentrations decreased with time or were obtained after short exposurgs before steady—state was reached. Summary The chemistry of arsenic in water is complex and the form present in solution is dependent on such environmental conditions as Eh, pH, organic concenc, suspended solids, and sediment. The relative coxicicies of the various forms of arsenic apparently vary from species to species. For inorganic arsenic(III) acute values for sixteen freshwater animal species ranged from 812 ug/L for a cladoceran to 97,000 ag/L for a midge, but the three acuce—chronic ratios only ranged from 4.660 to 4.862. The five acute values for inorganic arsenic(V) covered abouc the same range, but the single acuce—chronic ratio was 28.71. The six acute values for MSMA ranged from 3,243 to 1,403,000 yg/L. The freshwater residue data indicated that arsenic is not bioconcentrated to a high degree but chac lower forms of aquatic life may accumulate higher arsenic residues than fish. The low bioconcencracion factor and shorc half—life of arsenic in fish tissue suggest chat residues should not be a problem to predators of aquatic life. The available daca indicate that freshwater plants differ a great deal as to their sensitivity to arsenic(III) and arsenic(V). In comparable tests, 14 gh, a Aced the alga, Selenastrum capricornucum, was 45 times more sensitive to arsenic(V) than co arsenic(III), although ocher daca present conflicting informacion on the sensitivity of chis alga co arsenic(V). Many planc values for inorganic arsenic(III) were in the same range as the available chronic values for freshwater animals; several plant values for arsenic(V) were lower than the one available chronic value. The ocher toxicological data revealed a wide range of toxicity based on tests with a variety of freshwater species and endpoints. Tests with early life stages appeared co be the most sensitive indicator of arsenic toxicity. Values obtained from this type of test with inorganic arsenic(III) were lower than chronic values contained in Table 2. For example, an effect concencra— rion of 40 Ng/L was obtained in a test on inorganic arsenic(III) with embryos and larvae of a toad. !. Twelve species of saltwater animals have acute values for inorganic 6 arsenic(III) from 232 co 16,030 !jg/L and the single acute —chronic ratio is 1.945. The only values available for inorganic arsenic(V) are for two invertebrates and are between 2,000 and 3,000 pg/L. Arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) are equally toxic to various species of saltwater algae, buc the sensitivities of the species range from 19 Ng/L to more than 1,000 Pg/L. In a test with an oyster, a BCF of 350 was obtained for inorganic arsenic(III). E 1: National Criteria f` The procedures described in the "Guidelines for Deriving Numerical P National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate chat, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, freshwater aquatic organisms and their uses should noc be affected unacceptably if the four —day average concentration of arsenic(III) 15 does not exceed 190 yg/L more than once every three years on the average and if the one -hour average concencracion does not exceed 360 yg/L more chan once every three years on the average. The procedures described in the "Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criceria.for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses"'indicace that, except possibly where a locally imporcanc species is very sensitive, saltwater aquatic organisms and cheir'uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four -day average concentracion of arsenic(III) does not exceed 36 jg/L more than once every three years on the average and if the one -hour average concentracion does nor exceed 69 pg/L more chan once every three years on the average. This criterion mighc be coo high wherever Skeleconema cosracum or Thalassiosira aescivalis are ecologically important. Nor enough daca are available co allow derivation of numerical national water quality criceria for freshwater aquatic life for inorganic arsenic(V) or any organic arsenic compound. Inorganic arsenic(V) is acutely coxic co freshwater aquatic animals at concencracions as low as 850 pg/L and an acuce-chronic ratio of 28 was obtained with the fathead minnow. Arsenic(V) affected freshwater aquatic plants ac concencracions as Low as 48 pg/L. Monosodium mechanearsenace (MSMA) is acutely coxic co aquatic animals at concencracions as low as 1,900 ug/L, but no daca are available concerning chronic toxicity to animals or toxicity co plants. Very few data are available concerning the toxicity of any form of arsenic ocher than inorganic arsenic(III) co saltwater aquatic life. The available daca do show chat inorganic arsenic(V) is acutely toxic to salc- water animals at concentrations as low as.2,319 Ng/L and affected some saltwater plants ac 13 co 56 Ng/L. No daca are available concerning the I 16 chronic toxicicy of any form of arsenic ocher than inorganic arsenic(III) to salcwater aquatic life. EPA believes chat a measurement such as "acid -soluble" would provide a more sciencifically correct basis upon which co escablish criteria for metals. The criteria were developed on this basis. However, ac chls time, no EPA approved methods for such a measurement are available co implement the criceria chrough the regulacory programs of the Agency and the Scaces. The Agency is considering development and approval of methods for a measurement such as "acid -soluble". Uncil available, however, EPA recommends applying the criteria using the total recoverable method. This has two impacts: (1) certain species of some metals cannot be analyzed directly because the cocal recoverable method does nor distinguish becween individual oxidation states, and (2) these criceria may be overly proceccive when based on the cocal recoverable mechod. The recommended exceedence frequency of three years is the Agency's best scientific judgment of the average amount of time is will cake an unstressed syscem co recover from a pollucion event in which exposure co arsenic(III) exceeds the criterion. Scressed syscems, for example, one in which several oucfalls occur in a limited area, would be expected co require more time for recovery. The resilience of ecosystems and their ability to recover differ greacly, however, and site -specific criceria may be established if adequate justification is provided. The use of criceria in designing wasce treatment facilicies requires the selection of an appropriate wasceload allocation model. Dynamic models are preferred for the application of these criceria. Limited daca or ocher factors may make their use impractical, in which case one should rely on a 17 steady—state model. 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