WQ0036881_INTERIM MEASURE WORK PLAN_20180226

ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION
INTERIM MEASURE WORK PLAN
FORMER CLIFTON PRECISION SITE
MURPHY,NORTH CAROLINA
February 26,2018
Prepared For:
Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation
101 Continental Blvd
El Segundo, California 90245
Prepared By:
Innovative Engineering Solutions, Inc.
25 Spring Street
Walpole, Massachusetts 02081
[phone]

ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION
INTERIM MEASURE WORK PLAN
NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORPORATION
Former Clifton Precision Site
Murphy,North Carolina
February 26, 2018
Prepared for: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation
101 Continental Blvd
El Segundo, California 90245
Prepared by: Innovative Engineering Solutions, Inc.
25 Spring Street
Walpole,Massachusetts 02081
Sami A. Fam,Ph.D. David M. Falatko
Principal Engineer Principal Engineer
Steward Mountain, P.E.
Project Reviewer(North Carolina PE Number
19364

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 Brief Site Description/Background Information 1-1
2. INTERIM MEASURE OBJECTIVE&APPROACH 2-1
3. TECHNICAL APPROACH 3-1
3.1 Conceptual Site Model 3-1
3.2 EAD Amendment Distribution 3-3
3.3 Methanotrophic Co-Metabolic Degradation 3-5
3.4 Permitting 3-5
4. PROPOSED INTERIM MEASURES DETAILS 4-1
4.1 EAD Treatment Area Wells 4-1
4.2 EAD Delivery System Overview 4-1
4.3 Bioaugmentation Details 4-1
4.4 EAD System Details 4-2
4.4.1 New Injection Wells 4-2
4.4.2 Additive Injection 4-2
4.5 Transition Zone 4-3
4.6 Aerobic Co-Metabolic Zone 4-3
5. MONITORING,REPORTING AND SCHEDULE 5-1
5.1 Monitoring and Analytical Program 5-1
5.1.1 New Monitoring Wells 5-1
5.1.2 Baseline and Performance Monitoring 5-1
5.2 IM Design Report 5-2
5.3 Quality Assurance Documents 5-2
5.4 Other Supplemental Documents 5-2
5.5 IM Completion Report 5-2
5.6 Schedule 5-3
6. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS 6-1
7. REFERENCES 7-1
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1 Site Plan
Figure 2-2 Site Remedial Plan
Figure 3-1 Remedial Cross Section
Figure 3-2 EAD Area Plan
Figure 3-3 Pathways for the Anaerobic Transformation of PCE
Figure 4-1 Remediation System Process Flow Diagram
Figure 4-2 Well Construction Details
Figure 5-1 Project Schedule
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1 Existing Electrode Well Construction Details
Table 5-1 Existing Thermal Area Performance Monitoring Well Construction
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: SDS and Other Information
Appendix B: Electron Donor Demand Calculations and Design Basis
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1. INTRODUCTION
This Interim Measure (IM) work plan proposes enhanced anaerobic dechlorination (EAD) and
downgradient aerobic co-metabolic degradation to address volatile organic compound (VOC)-
impacted groundwater at the Former Clifton Precision Site in Murphy, North Carolina (site) in
accordance with the Final Decision and Response to Comments (FDRTC, 2017) under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Permit. This IM work plan is being submitted to the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the North Carolina Department of Environmental
Quality (NCDEQ) for review and approval prior to implementation.
The IM will be implemented to reduce the VOC flux in groundwater from waste management unit
(WMU)-B following completion of the in situ thermal remediation (ISTR) IM. Implementation will
reduce the flux of VOCs downgradient consistent with EPA's FDRTC for a final remedy.
Trichloroethene (TCE) is the VOC most frequently detected in downgradient groundwater that exceeds
the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL). Additional VOCs detected above the MCLs at lower
frequencies and concentrations include tetrachioroethene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE), vinyl
chloride(VC), and 1,1-DCE. All of these VOCs are amenable to treatment by bioremediation.
This IM will supplement previous IM work completed in 2015 and 2016, which consisted of ISTR to
reduce elevated concentrations of VOCs present in soil and groundwater at WMU-B. The bioremediation
IM will be designed and implemented to take advantage of technology synergies between ISTR and
bioremediation, as elevated groundwater temperatures established during ISTR can enhance the rate of
reductive dechlorination during EAD and co-metabolic aerobic degradation as the warm water flows out
of the ISTR treatment zone. A site plan of facility and existing conditions showing the former ISTR area
at WMU-B is included as Figure 2-1.
This work plan provides the IM objectives, recommended IM remedial technology description, basis for
selection, and preliminary design criteria and technical approach. The work plan also includes the
anticipated reporting, permitting, and implementation schedule, and per the requirements of the Consent
Order, the work plan contains personnel qualifications, reference to the existing Community Relations
Plan, and details regarding health and safety plans.
This work plan is specific to the proposed IM. Details regarding detailed site history, site features,
hydrogeologic conditions, etc. can be found in the RCRA Facility Investigation Report (CDM Smith,
2013).
1.1 Brief Site Description/Background Information
Operations at the facility began in 1967 with the manufacture of small electric rotary parts and electric
motors. In 1998, the facility entered into an Administrative Order on Consent(Order) with the EPA. The
Order identified eight WMUs. Several investigation and remediation activities were conducted from 1986
through 2003, including excavation of an underground storage tank (WMU-B), two phases of a RCRA
Facility Investigation,and installation of groundwater extraction and soil vapor recovery systems.
Land use in the site vicinity is primarily rural residential. The site is bounded to the north by Slow Creek
with rural residential properties located to the north and the west. To the south, the site is bounded by
commercial and industrial land uses, including a service station, hardware store, and manufacturing
facility. The site is located on the border of a stream valley that drains to the south-southwest into the
Hiawassee River. Surface topography and drainage on site is primarily to the north toward Slow Creek.
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A previous report (CDM Smith, 2013) summarized the site conditions as follows: The site is also located
in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province, which consists predominantly of metamorphic rock of
sedimentary origin. The subsurface investigations indicate a single aquifer that consists of three
interconnected hydrogeologic zones: regolith,transition, and bedrock. The regolith is the shallowest zone
and is composed of saprolite and alluvium. The transition zone is present in most locations on and off site
and typically consists of fractured, partially-weathered rock. The bedrock zone is interpreted to consist of
the Murphy Marble at all investigation locations. Fractures are present in both the transition and bedrock
zones but occur at a higher frequency in the transition zone. The predominant direction of groundwater
flow at the site is to the west and northwest.
For groundwater, the highest concentration of total VOCs is on site near WMU-B, and the estimated
extent of total VOCs stretches to the west and northwest from this WMU. The most frequently detected
VOCs and those typically detected at the highest concentrations are 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), 1,1-
DCE,PCE,and TCE.
VOCs in regolith groundwater migrate laterally to the west through the regolith, as well as downward to
enter bedrock groundwater in the area of WMU-B. Downgradient of WMU-B toward the western site
boundary,the transition zone becomes thicker and plays a more significant role in VOC migration because
the transition zone has a higher transmissivity that allows groundwater to migrate more rapidly.VOCs are
also present in groundwater along the northwest site boundary toward Slow Creek where the transition
zone is not well-developed and a bedrock ridge exists.
VOCs in offsite bedrock have similar migration and fate characteristics. The VOCs in bedrock
groundwater migrate laterally on site. Off site, VOC migration is dictated by a bedrock trough, the
alluvium, and inclined rock ledges interlayered with alluvium filled fractures. VOCs in the alluvium
ultimately discharge to Slow Creek. TCE concentrations at the two surface water stations with the most
historical detections are typically less than 10 µg/L, based on semi-annual sampling performed for the last
several years.
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2. INTERIM MEASURE OBJECTIVE & APPROACH
The general objective of the IM is to reduce the VOC flux in groundwater from WMU-B to the recovery
well system using bioremediation. EAD treatment will be implemented in the WMU-B area and beneath
adjacent existing buildings. The EAD treatment system will remediate residual VOCs in groundwater
that currently remain after thermal treatment. The proposed EAD system consists of numerous (116
existing and 6 proposed) injection wells/locations to deliver additives (electron donor, buffering agents,
and di-ammonium phosphate) within the treatment zone. Immediately downgradient of the EAD
anaerobic treatment zone is the EAD anaerobic transition zone,where the residual electron donor(carbon
source) added upgradient in the treatment area will be biodegraded below the building and groundwater
bio-geochemistry will begin to revert to more anoxic and aerobic conditions. Downgradient of these
EAD zones (to the west/northwest of the buildings) will be an aerobic co-metabolic bioremediation zone
to further remediate VOC residuals. Figure 2-2 presents the general locations of the treatment zones
(EAD anaerobic treatment and transition, and aerobic treatment) and the locations where existing wells
will be utilized and new remedial wells are projected to be installed.
As described further in Section 3, Technical Approach, the work plan will include the following
components in support of the overall objective:
• Installation of 6 new injection/remediation wells (REW-1 to REW-6) to inject additives and
groundwater; tap water will be used to dilute the additives and as post injection(chase) to better
distribute the additives.
• Utilization of 116 existing electrode wells for additive injection; electrode well construction
details are included in Table 2-1. Note that not all the electrodes may be used at any one time,
and only a portion of the boreholes may accept adequate injection volumes. A subset of the
existing electrode wells was tested in 2017 (tap water injection) and based upon this short-term
testing (15-20 minutes/location), approximately 90% of the existing electrode wells appear
useable for amendment addition.
• Installation of eight sets of oxygen sparge couplets downgradient of the EAD zone; on-site,
facility-compressed air will be utilized in conjunction with a new oxygen generator.
The EAD program will require an underground injection control (UIC) permit and an application will be
submitted shortly to EPA and NCDEQ after submission of this work plan. The aerobic treatment zone
will also serve to re-oxygenate groundwater in order to protect the existing pump and treat system from
potential fouling due to anoxic conditions (induced reduction of iron and other metals). If successful,the
bioremediation program, and possible future expansion, may allow for operation of the groundwater
extraction and treatment system to be reduced and/or eliminated in the future.
Implementation of source area EAD activities will be initiated as soon as the groundwater temperature
has cooled to 40 degrees Celsius. The residual heat which emanates out of the ISTR zone following
completion of heating can have substantial benefits for the EAD degradation process in downgradient
areas. Based on the current aquifer geochemistry, conditions in target EAD treatment zones are not
optimal for anaerobic degradation of contaminants and would need to be driven to strongly reducing
conditions through injection of amendments. Additionally, it is anticipated that pH control, di-ammonium
phosphate (inorganic nutrient) addition, and bioaugmentation culture addition will be required.
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3. TECHNICAL APPROACH
3.1 Conceptual Site Model
WMU-B is the location of a former underground storage tank that received wastewater for treatment. The
tank and surrounding soil were removed in 1987 and a groundwater extraction and treatment system was
installed and operated in the WMU-B area until the ISTR project was initiated in 2015. A site perimeter
groundwater containment system is currently operated using three recovery wells and offsite reinjection
wells. Groundwater migrating through the WMU-B area is captured downgradient primarily by recovery
well RW-4 and RW-5. This work plan is focused on VOCs in groundwater migrating from WMU-B
toward RW-4 and RW-5. The subsurface conditions in the EAD area consist of an upper residuum layer
underlain by the transition zone into bedrock. The residuum consists of clayey silt to silty sand with rock
fragments derived from weathering of the underlying Murphy Marble. The residuum hydraulic
conductivity is typically one to two feet per day but is variable because of variations in silt and clay
content. The transition zone beneath the residuum consists primarily of weathered marble with
alternating rock and fracture zones. The contact between these zones occur at various depths and are
often irregular, with upper fractures typically containing residuum. The hydraulic conductivity at the
contact between zones is typically much higher than the residuum and more variable because of the
fractures. It is expected and stands to reason that most groundwater flow and contaminant migration
occurred within the coarser-grained materials and fractures. Locating and mapping these specific areas of
secondary porosity has not been successful at the site, so remedial wells will be screened across the
entire targeted treatment zone to ensure that all areas receive remedial amendments. Areas with higher
permeability will likely also have higher flow and associated contaminant mass, so preferential flow to
these areas is acceptable. The bedrock aquifer is marble with fracture size and density typically decrease
with depth, although fractures capable of producing high groundwater volumes can exist. The focus of
the planned remediation includes the residuum,transition zone, and shallow bedrock.
Figure 2-2 presents the conceptual layout of the proposed remedy, and a geologic cross section of this
conceptual approach is shown on Figure 3-1. EAD will be implemented with the injection of additives in
the main source area in a zone labeled "anaerobic treatment zone". EAD additives will generally affect
groundwater within the treatment area designated as the "treatment zone". The treatment zone is the
groundwater pore volume that is being remediated and is generally the area where additives are injected.
The estimated maximum pore water volume expected to be treated within the EAD treatment zone is
approximately 2.5 million gallons, based on an assumed porosity of 20 percent. The non-homogeneous
nature of the subsurface conditions in this area, however, may significantly lower the effective porosity
and the required treatment volume may vary from this estimate.
Numerous existing thermal electrode wells combined with new injection wells within the anaerobic
treatment zone will be used to distribute the additives over the targeted treatment area. A detail of the
existing electrode well construction is shown in Figure 4-2, and a summary of all the electrode well's
construction is presented in Table 2-1. These wells all have a section of conductive material (coarse sand
with carbon)that is suitable for passing the dilute amendment solutions proposed. Existing plastic tubing
leads to the bottom and top of the conductive material, and both will be used to delivered amendment
solutions. There is approximately 5,126 linear feet of conductive material placed within the borehole of
the well, this equates to almost one mile of screened interval for injecting amendments into the
subsurface within the targeted treatment area. In addition, the locations and depths of these wells were
selected previously during thermal treatment to target the highest VOC concentrations at the site,making
them suitable delivery points for EAD additives; Figure 3-2 details the EAD zone well layout. The large
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number of wells allows for relatively efficient delivery and distribution of the EAD additives within the
targeted treatment zone even with relatively low injection volumes. IESI has used similar wells for this
purpose at other sites to successfully implement anaerobic bioremediation for"polishing"remediation of
VOCs following thermal remediation.
The "transition zone" (Figure 2-2) is defined as the area immediately downgradient of the anaerobic
treatment zone and is between the anaerobic treatment zone and the aerobic-co-metabolic treatment zone
wells. It is the area where VOCs have been reduced by the EAD treatment, and residual total organic
carbon (TOC) and methane will be biodegraded; groundwater conditions will begin to revert back to less
anaerobic and more anoxic and aerobic conditions. The residual TOC and methane will fuel
biodegradation of residual VOCs (anaerobically) in this transition zone. Downgradient of the transition
zone is the aerobic treatment zone, where generated methane (from anaerobic reactions) will be
aerobically metabolized (in the zone where oxygen will be added) to fuel the aerobic degradation of
residual VOCs. There are limited pathways for oxygen to enter groundwater in the transition zone
between the anaerobic zone and the aerobic zone, so the aerobic treatment zone should be well developed
with high dissolved oxygen concentrations present in groundwater prior to amendment addition in the
anaerobic zone. Establishing the aerobic treatment zone early is to prevent the introduction of anaerobic
water into the existing extraction wells and limit the potential for associated fouling of the wells and the
treatment system.
The EAD system is expected to operate for at least 2-3 years and reduce VOC contaminant levels to less
than 100 ug/L, on average, within the treatment zone. It is also expected that all wells within the
treatment zone will achieve over 90% reduction in total VOC concentration. As discussed above,
anaerobic dechlorination is not occurring at the site to any significant extent under current conditions
because the groundwater is aerobic. As such, a sufficient electron donor must be added to the impacted
zone to enhance anaerobic dechlorination. It is proposed to use an electron donor consisting
predominantly of alcohol (methanol/ethanol; alcohol). Alcohols serve as excellent electron donors and
keep the wells clean by acting as a disinfectant in the immediate vicinity of the injection well.
Furthermore, alcohols do not generate salts upon degradation. The low viscosity of alcohol allows for its
direct injection into the wells without significant dilution with water, thereby potentially separating the
feeding (electron donor addition) from recirculation and reducing potential clogging problems/issues.
Safety data sheets (SDS) for methanol/ethanol can be found in Appendix A. An alcohol chemical
supplier has not been selected; however, the final SDS information will be similar for all vendors.
Generally, alcohol will be injected the same day that it is received and will not be stored on site. All
necessary fire department and other local permits will be obtained prior to system construction. Please
refer to Appendix B for design basis calculations for the amendment dose. As a contingency, emulsified
vegetable oil may be used if it appears that the subsurface conditions are suitable and a less mobile
electron donor is desirable. These conditions may include, but are not limited to: high groundwater
velocity causing high carbon loading to the aerobic treatment zone, too rapid biodegradation of alcohol,
or aquifer formation is coarser-grained than expected.
Review of the site analytical data indicates that minimal VC has been detected in the groundwater over
the past 10 years. The lack of VC detections is indicative that the dehalococcoides ethenogenes (DE)
microorganism is likely lacking at the site, as this microorganism is essential for transforming cis-1,2-
DCE to VC and, subsequently, VC to ethene. As such, once anaerobic conditions have been established,
this work plan proposes to bioaugment the impacted zone with the KB-1 dechlorinating culture. Site
performance monitoring will include analysis for field parameters (dissolved oxygen, redox, pH) as well
as a variety of biogeochemical parameters on a quarterly basis. The timing to bioaugment will be based
upon a simplified weight of evidence approach. Several important parameters to consider are nitrate
depletion, sulfate reduction, methane generation, iron reduction, low redox conditions and presence of
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electron donor. Some/most of these conditions should be met at some/most locations prior to
bioaugmentation.
A round of baseline biogeochemical sampling will be conducted prior to finalizing the system design to
more accurately predict electron donor demand. The baseline sampling event is described in Section 5.1
of this report.
3.2 EAD Amendment Distribution
Bioremediation is a naturally occurring process. Some form of bioremediation typically occurs at most
sites with VOC impacts to soil and groundwater. During bioremediation, the contaminant mass can be
reduced by aerobic or anaerobic processes that mineralize the VOCs, transforming them to innocuous
end-products. Although bioremediation is naturally occurring at most sites, the rate of bioremediation is
often too slow or cannot keep up with the plume growth to effectively remediate the impacts.
EAD involves active enhancement of subsurface conditions to make them more favorable for
bioremediation. Most often, electron donor compounds, pH buffers, and bioaugmentation cultures are
added to the subsurface to optimize the dechlorination reactions. These materials can be added through
wells, trenches, or direct injection. These materials can then disperse through the aquifer under natural
flow conditions, or their dispersion can be enhanced through active groundwater recirculation.
Anaerobic dechlorination occurs when bacteria utilize chlorinated VOCs for respiration as alternate
electron acceptors under anaerobic conditions (in place of oxygen), a process called halorespiration.
This dechlorination process occurs naturally if anaerobic conditions are present in the water-saturated
subsurface, or it can be enhanced in the subsurface with the introduction of biologically-degradable
carbon substrates such as molasses, corn syrup, lactate, whey, oil, or alcohol. These substrates act as
electron donors, and biological degradation of these substrates requires electron acceptors such as
oxygen, nitrate, manganese, iron, sulfate, or the VOC targeted for dechlorination. Dechlorination
typically occurs under sulfate-reducing and methanogenic conditions, when other electron acceptors are
scarce and the energy yielded by halorespiration of VOCs is more favorable to the dechlorinating
microorganisms.
Dechlorination occurs first for the most heavily chlorinated VOCs, with PCE being degraded with the
substitution of one chloride ion with one hydrogen ion to form TCE, which then degrades sequentially to
cis-1,2-DCE, to VC, and then to ethene. Each step in the dechlorination process degrades one mole of
the targeted VOC, requiring one mole of hydrogen and yielding one mole of hydrochloric acid.
Dechlorination of high concentrations of VOCs can cause substantial alkalinity demand or a sharp drop
in pH if sufficient buffering capacity is not present. Viability of microbial dechlorinating cultures is
highly pH-dependent, and the dechlorination processes have been shown to slow substantially at pH
levels below approximately 6.0. In these dechlorinating reactions, hydrogen is produced during the
fermentation (which also increases acidity) of the organic substrate (electron donors) by a mixed
microbial community. The generated hydrogen serves as a direct electron donor for the reduction of the
chlorinated compound. Figure 3-3 shows a schematic of the dechlorination reactions.
An advantage of bioremediation is that the completed process destroys VOC contaminants, rather than
transferring them to other media like many other remedial technologies. Bioremediation also enhances
desorption of VOCs from water-saturated soil into the groundwater, where the contaminants can be
degraded. This enhanced desorption is a major advantage of bioremediation over other in-situ
technologies. Additionally, enhanced bioremediation can be implemented with other active and/or
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passive remedial technologies to further the overall remediation and has the highest likelihood of all
technologies to reduce VOC concentrations to fairly low levels,thereby achieving site closure goals.
The design of a bioremediation system is based upon an understanding of the basics of anaerobic and
aerobic microbial growth and the associated contaminant/VOC biodegradation. Bioremediation systems
that involve the enhancement of these biodegradation processes through amendment addition generally
have the following common design objectives:
1. Select and properly distribute the additives in sufficient amounts.
2. Adjust and maintain a neutral pH.
3. Maintain suitable geochemical conditions and amendment distribution for sufficient time
until remediation is complete. The maintenance of sustained electron donor concentration in
the groundwater enhances desorption of VOCs from the saturated soil and expedites site
clean-up.
Amendments may include electron donor, buffering agents, and bioaugmentation microorganisms.
Amendment distribution can be accomplished by three broad categories of delivery methods: stationary
phase additives, dilute additives, and groundwater recirculation. Injection of dilute amendments
(approach 2 below) will be implemented at the subject site. Pending UIC approval, Northrop Grumman
may eventually convert the dilute additive injection system into a groundwater recirculation system
(approach 3 below):
1. Stationary Phase Systems: Semi-solid amendments diffuse into the aquifer, such as the
hydrogen release compound (HRC) manufactured by Regenesis, or slow release materials
such as chitin and mulch. In general additive distribution using this approach is not uniform
and often leads to incomplete remediation. As such, this additive injection approach will not
be utilized.
2. Injection of Dilute Liquid Electron Donor: Amendments are injected into wells (vertical or
horizontal) or trenches without inducing significant groundwater movement. In general
additive distribution using this approach can be acceptable if sufficient volume of make-up
groundwater or tap water is injected into a sufficient number of injection locations to affect
large portions of the aquifer. Due to the large number of available injection locations, this
approach is expected to be successful. This approach will initially be utilized at the site to
render groundwater anaerobic and the system will operate in this mode for at least 2 years.
3. Groundwater Extraction with Reinjection of Amended Groundwater: Extracted groundwater
is mixed with amendments to distribute the additives. Groundwater extraction, amendment,
and upgradient injection represents the most effective technique to distribute amendments in
the zone to be remediated. The amendments can be added in batch basis and distributed by
the recirculation system, or can be metered into the groundwater process stream. The most
conventional approach for amendment distribution is groundwater extraction from vertically-
drilled wells, and subsequent injection into upgradient, vertically-drilled wells. This
approach induces groundwater flow from all depths and provides vertical mixing. The initial
batch injection approach may be modified in the future (after petitioning and gaining
approval from the NCDEQ UIC branch) to include continuous recirculation. If such UIC
approval is granted,Northrop Grumman may install additional extraction wells to recirculate
additives and groundwater on a continuous basis. The initial installation of the batch system
injection will manifold all the injection locations into several vaults and, as such, the
conversion to continuous recirculation will only involve the connection of new extraction
wells to the manifold vaults.
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3.3 Methanotrophic Co-Metabolic Degradation
This technology involves injection of a substrate/co-metabolite and an oxygen source into the subsurface.
Certain microorganisms grown aerobically on a variety of substrates/co-metabolites express oxygenase
enzymes that are capable of transforming TCE, cis-1,2-DCE, and VC. These microorganisms are called
methanotrophs if methane is the co-metabolite, and propanotrophs if propane is the co-metabolite.
Transformation of chlorinated ethenes by the oxygenase enzymes results in the formation of intermediate
epoxide compounds (epoxides), which are breakdown products of the chlorinated VOCs. These
epoxides, which are electrophilic compounds, are highly reactive and unstable in aqueous solution. The
reactivity of the epoxides and their degradation products often results in covalent modification of cellular
microbial components, including the organism producing the enzymes, causing transformation product
toxicity, meaning that the product (epoxide) generated by the reaction inhibits further reaction, as the
microbes are damaged by the epoxides. Consequently, the amount of chlorinated ethene that can be
transformed is limited due to transformation product toxicity. In general, 3-10 milligrams/liter of TCE
can be degraded using this approach without inducing toxicity.
The most common co-metabolite is methane. Residual low concentrations of methane will be generated
from application of EAD in the upgradient former source area. When this methane migrates to an area
that has residual oxygen, or if oxygen is added by oxygen sparging, it can rapidly degrade most
chlorinated VOCs (i.e., TCE, cis-1,2-DCE, and VC; it will not degrade PCE). As such, this technology
serves as a polishing step to EAD at locations where dechlorinators may not flourish due to suffocation
issues from low VOC concentrations.
Oxygen will be delivered to the subsurface by injection into a network of eight couplet wells (so 16 wells
total). Additional subsurface piping will be installed so the number of oxygen sparge wells can be
increased if needed. Compressed air from the facility will be utilized and separated into 90% pure
oxygen by an oxygen generator to limit the storage of oxygen gas. A manifold system will be used to
control the flow of oxygen to the sparge wells. The amount of oxygen delivered to each sparge well will
be dependent on the oxygen demand at that location as determined from recent groundwater data.
Oxygen will be cycled and pulsed to each of the sparge wells with a PLC-based control panel and
associated solenoid valves. Dissolved oxygen concentrations up to 45 mg/1 can be obtained when using
oxygen (instead of air) so the sparge well spacing can be much larger than with air sparging and the
oxygen delivered can meet much higher demands and/or travel further in groundwater. Once sparged into
the subsurface, the oxygen will mix with the low levels of methane emanating from the transition zone,
creating a hospitable environment for naturally-occurring methanotrophs to degrade residual VOCs. The
dissolved oxygen will also act to protect the existing groundwater extraction and treatment system from
anaerobic groundwater and associated fouling issues.
3.4 Permitting
Injection of remediation amendments and tracers in North Carolina is regulated under North Carolina
Administrative Code (NCAC). A UIC permit will be submitted to NCDEQ Division of Water
Resources (DWR) in support of this plan. Initially a permit to allow batch injection (with tap water
flushing) will be submitted for approval while a recirculation-based permit is pursued. It is possible
that the NCDEQ —DWR UIC program will not accept/permit groundwater recirculation at the site and
the initially proposed tap water flushing approach may operate for additional time.
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4. PROPOSED INTERIM MEASURES DETAILS
As the experience base has grown, it is the current belief that that microcosm testing(and pilot testing) is
not required at sites with "normal" biogeochemical conditions such as this site and therefore microcosm
testing will not be performed. Once the groundwater is made anaerobic, the VOCs will dechlorinate if
the right dechlorinating bacteria are present in the subsurface. Because minimal VC or ethene
concentrations have been detected at the site, it is likely that bioaugmentation is required.
Electron donor selection is based upon delivery requirements and substrate costs. There is no need to
conduct testing for electron donor selection (Fam, 2012; Falatko, 2010). The historical operation of the
pump and treat system provides adequate hydraulic information to eliminate the need for pump testing,
hydraulic testing, or pilot testing (Fam, 2006). As such, there is a high level of confidence in the
determination that neither microcosm nor pilot testing is required for the proposed activities.
4.1 EAD Treatment Area Wells
The EAD system will include the following injection wells:
• New injection wells (REW-1 to REW-6; 4-inch diameter) drilled to approximately 100 feet
below ground surface (bgs).
• Existing bedrock electrode wells. Groundwater will be injected into a number of these wells that
are found to be suitable. Up to 116 (all existing useable points) locations may be used. These
wells may only receive low volumes of additives due to their sand pack design, they will likely
accept 0.25 to 0.5 gallon/minute.
4.2 EAD Delivery System Overview
Electron donor will be batch-injected into the proposed injection locations in conjunction with tap water.
pH buffering agents, such as dilute potassium/sodium hydroxide, will also be injected along with
nutrients consisting of dilute solutions of di-ammonium phosphate. Following batch injections, small
volumes of tap water (100-1,000 gallons per injection location) will be injected to better distribute the
additives in the subsurface. Once the groundwater conditions become anaerobic, the injection wells will
receive bioaugmentation culture. A process flow diagram of the proposed EAD approach is included on
Figure 4-1.
Under anaerobic conditions, the added electron donor will be completely converted to methane and
carbon dioxide within 120 to 360 days. As such, the goal of the amendment delivery system will be to
distribute the electron donor prior to its consumption.
Preliminary calculations for electron donor dosing indicate that approximately 10,000 gallons of electron
donor(-70,000 pounds of substrate) should be added per year. These dosing calculations are based upon
average measured groundwater flow across the treatment area, estimated electron donor half-lives, and
meeting the site's groundwater demand for electron donor. The demand is the required dosage to reduce
electron acceptors in the groundwater. The dosing calculations are shown in Appendix B; more detailed
amendment dosing information is provided in Section 4.4 of this report.
4.3 Bioaugmentation Details
As indicated above, once anaerobic conditions have been established, Northrop Grumman plans to
bioaugment the subsurface with the KB-1 culture. The KB-1 culture contains active DE microorganisms
that can transform PCE to ethane. The culture also contains active dehalobacter which is the organism
Page 4-1 February 2018
Innovative Engineering Solutions,Inc.

that can convert 1,1,1-TCA to chloroethane. The KB-1 culture was developed and is sold by SIREM labs
of Ontario, Canada. Bioaugmentation of the groundwater is expected only twice, but the actual number
of bioaugmentation cycles will be dependent on data collected during the remediation. Based on two
bioaugmentation events, it is estimated that a total of 260 liters of KB-1 will be added.
4.4 EAD System Details
4.4.1 New Injection Wells
As described above, the EAD system will use both existing electrode wells and new wells. The new
remedial injection wells will be 4 inches in diameter and stainless steel construction, and will be drilled
to a depth of approximately 15 feet into bedrock, or up to approximately 100 feet bgs; remedial well
construction details are shown on Figure 4-2. The wells will be screened with wire-wound screen from
approximately 20-25 feet bgs to the base of the well. The existing piping within the electrode wells will
be utilized for injection of amendments and tap water chase.
All drilling waste will be tested for residual VOCs using EPA Method 8260. Soil will be properly
characterized and managed via offsite treatment/disposal. Groundwater produced during drilling or
drained from soil produced during drilling will be contained and treated by the onsite groundwater
treatment system to the extent practical; liquids with a high solids content will be managed via offsite
treatment/disposal.
4.4.2 Additive Injection
The following is a list of proposed additives:
• Primary Electron Donor: Methanol/Ethanol(expected volume of up to 30,000 gallons/year)
• Contingency Electron Donor: Vegetable Oil(expected volume of up to 10,000 gallons/year)
• pH buffering: Potassium/Sodium Hydroxide(expected volume of up to 50 gallons/year)
• Di-Ammonium Phosphate(expected amount of up to 1,500 lbs./year)
• Bioaugmentation culture: KB-1 (contains dehalococcoides and dehalobactor species; expected
volume of up to 260 liters).
• Cleaning Solution: Expected that acid cleaning of the injection wells will be required. Acid
cleaning will involve injection of approximately 10 gallons of hydrochloric/muriatic acid into
each well, with subsequent (after a short waiting period) extraction of the acid solution. Only
very small amounts of acid will remain in the subsurface, since groundwater will be extracted
until its pH is at least 3.0.
• Methanol/Ethanol will be blended into a dilute alcohol/tap-water solution (up to 20% alcohol by
volume) by metering it into dilution tap-water during feeding events (alcohol addition will be a
manned operation) and then into the injection wells/electrode points. Northrop Grumman may
also inject the alcohol without tap water and then chase the additives with tap water. Alcohol
serves as a disinfectant in the immediate area of the injection well and as such can serve as a
cleaning additive in addition to serving as an electron donor. Alcohol transfer will be conducted
outdoors using an explosion-proof, pneumatic transfer pump. When diluted in water to 20% by
volume or less, both ethanol and methanol are not flammable, nor do they generate vapors above
the lower explosive limit. All equipment utilized in the transfer will be grounded per alcohol safe
handling procedure manuals. The operator(s) will be wearing the requisite safety gear to ensure
transfer operation safety. Safe alcohol handling procedures will be documented in the project
operations and maintenance (O&M) manual. Electron donor injection will likely be conducted
monthly/quarterly at the start of the project and feeding frequency will eventually be dictated by
Page 4-2 February 2018
Innovative Engineering Solutions,Inc.

groundwater monitoring well data. All additives will be injected at less than 20 psi at the
wellhead.
When potassium/sodium hydroxide injection is conducted, it will also be implemented as a dilute
injection of hydroxide solution into the water stream directed to the injection wells. During periods of
potassium/sodium hydroxide transfer, the operator will be wearing the requisite safety gear to ensure
transfer operation safety. It is expected that each injection location will receive 100-1,000 gallons of tap
water to better distribute injected additives, although if the newer injection wells can receive more
volume during each injection, additional amendment mass and volume may be added if needed to
promote development of the EAD zone and treatment process.
Once the groundwater conditions become anaerobic, the injection wells will receive bioaugmentation
culture. Bioaugmentation will simply involve manual (at the wellhead) addition of 1-10 liters of culture
to selected injection(former electrode or new well)locations.
The approach for each feeding injection may vary from the procedures described above. Northrop
Grumman will evaluate the monitoring data to determine the actual additive delivery dosage,
concentrations, and feeding rates.
SDSs and other relevant information on the additives can be found in Appendix A. Chemical suppliers
have not been selected; however,the final SDS information will be generally similar for all suppliers.
Please refer to Figure 4-1 for a process flow diagram.
4.5 Transition Zone
The proposed EAD system will generally affect groundwater within the treatment area designated as the
"treatment zone". The treatment zone is the groundwater pore volume that is being remediated and is
generally the area where additives are injected. The "transition zone" (Figures 2-2 and 3-1) is defined as
the area between the treatment zone and the aerobic-co-metabolic wells. It is the area where VOCs have
generally been reduced by the EAD treatment, residual TOC and methane are being biodegraded, and
residual TOC and methane will continue to fuel degradation of residual VOCs (anaerobically) in this
zone. As groundwater moves across and out of the transition zone, it will become less anaerobic and
transition back toward aerobic conditions at the northwest side of the facility buildings.
4.6 Aerobic Co-Metabolic Zone
Aerobic conditions will be generated on the west and northwest side of the facility buildings by injecting
oxygen into a set of 16 oxygen sparge wells installed in pairs at eight locations. At each location, two
small, one-inch diameter sparge wells will be installed within the same drilled borehole, with the deeper
sparge well set into the top of bedrock, and the shallower one set at the bottom of the transition zone.
The wells will be drilled to depths appropriate based on the geology encountered and fractures observed.
Each well will have two-feet of one-inch diameter stainless steel screen at the base, and will be
constructed above this with one-inch diameter schedule 40 well casing(see Figure 4-2). Oxygen will be
generated by an oxygen generator that is supplied with facility-compressed air and sparged into
groundwater in the manner discussed previously. Please refer to Figure 4-1 for a process flow diagram.
Page 4-3 February 2018
Innovative Engineering Solutions,Inc.

5. MONITORING,REPORTING AND SCHEDULE
5.1 Monitoring and Analytical Program
5.1.1 New Monitoring Wells
Additional monitoring wells are needed at three locations downgradient from the transition zone to
monitor the effectiveness of the EAD treatment and the associated aerobic co-metabolic treatment zone.
At two of these locations, shallow monitoring wells MW-8 and MW-12 already exist, but need to have
an additional monitoring well set in the transition zone depth between the residuum and bedrock, and
another set in the upper bedrock if water-bearing fractures are present there. A third location
(preliminarily referred to as PM-10), southeast of RW-2 and RW-5, would be a new monitoring well
cluster with potentially all three well depths installed. The proposed locations of PM-10, MW-8, and
MW-12 are shown on Figure 2-2.
5.1.2 Baseline and Performance Monitoring
Baseline monitoring prior to implementation of remediation will be conducted at up to 30 existing
groundwater monitoring wells, in close proximity to the proposed remediation areas; this may
include the following locations:
• PM-1S/D
• PM-2S/D
• PM-3 S/D
• PM-4S/D
• PM-5S/D
• PM-6S/D
• PM-7S/D
• PM-8
• PM-9S/D
• PM-10 (new monitoring location with up to 3 new wells, all wells in cluster)
• MW-12 (with up to 2 new wells, all wells in cluster)
• MW-8 (with up to 2 new wells, all wells in cluster)
• MW-37
• MW-32
• RW-4
All sampling and analysis described in this section will be completed in accordance with the
requirements of the existing project Quality Assurance Project Plan (Conestoga-Rovers & Associates
[CRA] 2010a). Performance monitoring will be conducted on a quarterly basis. More frequent sampling
at selected locations may be conducted on an as needed basis.
Performance monitoring will be implemented at up to 15 existing groundwater monitoring wells in
close proximity to the proposed remediation areas as selected from the above list of baseline
monitoring wells. The wells selected to be monitored may change with each sampling event
depending on the previous data and current operations. It is expected that the monitoring wells
selected to evaluate performance of the EAD system will primarily be from the PM well series
within the anaerobic treatment area, and the PM-10, MW-8, and MW-12 series wells will be used to
evaluate the performance of the aerobic treatment system. Table 5-1 lists the well construction
details of the existing PM series wells located within the EAD treatment area.
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Innovative Engineering Solutions,Inc.

Performance will be evaluated by assessing indicators of amendment distribution and longevity, redox
parameters and general aquifer geochemistry, and dechlorination activity. TOC will be used to
evaluate amendment distribution and longevity. Dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential,
sulfate, nitrate, total iron, total manganese, sulfide and methane will be used to evaluate redox
conditions in the aquifer. Alkalinity, pH, temperature, chloride, and specific conductance will also
be used to evaluate aquifer geochemical conditions. Chlorinated VOCs, ethene, ethane, methane will
be used to evaluate clean-up progress. Selected wells may also be analyzed for the presence of DE.
This section summarizes the reports and plans that will be prepared as part of the IM program. Each
document will be submitted to the EPA and the NCDEQ for review and approval.
5.2 Design Report
The design report will be prepared following EPA and NCDEQ approval of this work plan. The report
will include drawings and more detailed system information. In consideration that Northrop Grumman
will prepare a similar design document to attain the UIC permit, the design report may be a slightly
modified version of the UIC permit report.
5.3 Quality Assurance Documents
In accordance with the Consent Order, several documents have already been prepared, or will be
prepared, to maintain quality control:
• Quality Assurance Project Plan (CRA, 2010a) — This document highlights how information and
data will be collected to ensure that they are technically sound, statistically valid, and properly
documented.
• Sampling and Analysis Plan (CRA, 2010b) — This document is a companion document to the
Quality Assurance Project Plan and specifically describes how field data will be collected.
• Data Management Plan (CRA, 2010c) —This document is a companion document to the Quality
Assurance Project Plan and identifies how investigation data will be tracked and managed.
• Construction Quality Assurance Plan—This plan will be created prior to project implementation
to outline the construction quality assurance program, including responsibilities and authority,
inspection activities, sampling requirements, and documentation.
5.4 Other Supplemental Documents
Other supplemental documents pertinent to the proposed program are as follows:
• Community Relations Plan—A Community Relations Plan (CDM, November 2008: Revisionl)
was previously prepared for this project and will be followed.
• Health and Safety Plan—A health and safety plan that satisfies the Hazardous Waste Operations
and Emergency Response Standard (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Standard 1910.120) is used for all hazardous waste assessment, monitoring, and remediation
activities at the site. An updated plan will be submitted.
5.5 Completion Report
At the completion of project implementation and the performance monitoring described in this
work plan, a Completion Report will be prepared to summarize project activities and provide
performance results. This report will include a certification that construction was completed in
Page 5-2 February 2018
Innovative Engineering Solutions,Inc.

accordance with the design documents, with any exceptions noted. This report will also include
results and an evaluation of whether performance objectives were met.
5.6 Schedule
The estimated schedule for activities up to construction is shown in Figure 5-1. This schedule seeks
to achieve aggressive targets for implementation. Actual durations may vary depending on the
length of regulatory approvals and the time required for temperature in the bioremediation treatment
area to reach optimal levels following completion of ISTR treatment. The expected duration of
project implementation activities will be further evaluated during design and incorporated into
future schedules.
Page 5-3 February 2018
Innovative Engineering Solutions,Inc.

6. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS
This work will be completed by design and construction firms that have direct experience in
completing hazardous waste remediation projects with an emphasis on bioremediation.
February 2018
Innovative Engineering Solutions,Inc.

7. REFERENCES
1. CDM Smith(2008). Community Relations Plan.
2. CDM Smith (2013). Resource Conservation and Recovery Act(RCRA)Facility Investigation
Report.
3. Conestoga-Rovers &Associates (2010a). Quality Assurance Project Plan.
4. Conestoga Rovers&Associates (2010b). Sampling and Analysis Plan.
5. Conestoga-Rovers &Associates (2010c). Data Management Plan.
6. Falatko,D.,Fam, S.,Pon, G., (2010). "Applications and Benefits of Groundwater Recirculation
for Electron Donor Delivery and pH Adjustments During Enhanced Anaerobic
Dechlorination". Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments,
Water&Energy,Volume 16,Issue 1,#8.
7. Fam, S., Mountain, S., Pon, G., (2006). "Microcosm Study+ Hydraulic Test = Pilot Study"
Battelle Bioremediation Symposium,In-Situ and On-Site Bioremediation, Monterey, CA.
8. Fam, S., Falatko, D., Mountain, S., Higgins, J., Pirelli, A., Gaudette, M., (2012). "A Universal
design Approach for In-Situ Bioremediation Developed from Multiple Project Sites".
Remediation Journal,Autumn,p.49-74.
9. Orion Environmental Inc. (2013). Construction Figures.
10. United States EPA (2017). Remedy for Former Clifton Precision Site, Final Decision and
Response to Comments.
February 2018
Innovative Engineering Solutions,Inc.

Figures

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1) NEW MONITORING WELLS SCREENED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE TRANSITION ZONE AND IN THE UPPER BEDROCK ARE PROPOSED AT THE EXISTING MW-8, MW-12 LOCATIONS (BOTH SCREENED IN
RESIDUUM) TO COMPLETE A 3-WELL SET. ONE OTHER MONITORING WELL CLUSTER WILL BE INSTALLED UPGRADIENT OF EXISTING EXTRACTION WELLS RW-2, RW-3, AND RW-5. DATA FROM THESE
WELLS WILL BE USED TO PROVIDE OPERATIONAL MONITORING DATA FOR THE AEROBIC TREATMENT ZONE. THE BEDROCK WELL WILL ONLY BE INSTALLED AT THESE LOCATIONS IF IT APPEARS FRACTURES Innovative Engineering Solutions, Inc.
ARE PRESENT AND INDICATIVE OF A WATER-BEARING ZONE. 25 SPRING STREET
REVISIONS ' ' WALPOLE, MASSACHUSETTS 02081
2) OXYGEN INJECTION WELLS ARE PROPOSED TO BE INSTALLED IN THE UPPER BEDROCK (IF IT APPEARS TO BE FRACTURED AND WATER-BEARING) AND AT THE BASE OF THE TRANSITION ZONE AT THE 1 [phone]
APPROXIMATE DEPTHS AS SHOWN. EIGHT OXYGEN INJECTION WELL PAIRS ARE PROPOSED AT THE LOCATIONS SHOWN ON THE REMEDIAL SITE PLAN TO CREATE AN AEROBIC TREATMENT ZONE. _
2 TITLE
3) SIX REMEDIATION WELLS ARE PROPOSED TO BE INSTALLED AT THE FORMER THERMAL TREATMENT AREA AT WMU-B AT THE LOCATIONS SHOWN ON THE REMEDIAL SITE PLAN AND AT THE APPROXIMATE REMEDIAL CROSS SECTION
DEPTHS SHOWN HERE. REMEDIATION WELLS WILL BE SCREENED FROM THE WATER TABLE TO A MAXIMUM OF 15 FEET INTO THE TOP OF BEDROCK TO ENSURE ADEQUATE TREATMENT WITH DEPTH. 3
CLIENT
NORTHROP GRUMMAN
4) THERE ARE 116 ELECTRODE WELLS OF VARYING DEPTHS WITHIN THE FORMER THERMAL TREATMENT AREA AT WMU-B. THE LOCATIONS ARE SHOWN ON THE ANAEROBIC TREATMENT AREA SITE PLAN
AND THE WELL CONSTRUCTION DEPTHS ARE INCLUDED IN THE TABLES. SITE FORMER CLIFTON PRECISION SITE
5) THE MAXIMUM PENETRATION DEPTH INTO BEDROCK FOR ALL NEW WELLS IS 15 FEET. PENETRATION INTO BEDROCK MAY BE LESS THAN THIS IF FRACTURES ARE NOT PRESENT AT THAT LOCATION, OR LOCATION
GREATER THAN THIS IF WATER BEARING-ZONES APPEAR TO BE PRESENT. 1995 NC HWY 141 MURPHY, NC 28906-6864
6) REMEDIAL WELL CONSTRUCTION DETAILS ARE PRESENTED IN FIGURE 7 OF THIS REPORT AND IN THE TABLES. DRAWN CHECKED FILENAME DATE FIGURE
DF SF NG-MURPHY REM PLAN SEPT. 2017 3-1

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EXISTING 2'X2' VAULT WITH PEX TUBING 1 t. P17 , �TW4 ♦♦ PROPOSED TRENCHING RUN TO
CONNECTIONS TO 65 ELECTRODE WELLS, / REW2 I ��•i' ♦ ' CONNECT EXISTING ELECTRODE
REPLACE WITH LARGER 3'x3' VAULT, / 1 R114 'I paR N ���•�• ' •o I
�� WELLS AND NEW REMEDIATION
INSTALL CONNECTING PIPES AND / .� ® ,s P D S, WELLS TO MAIN CONTROL VAULT
se„ oh
CONDUIT BACK TO MAIN CONTROL VAULT/ „1_p�_rJ i 15 1��•,_���7 'M�2S
o /% J12 PM-5D°K14 �'•' •5'—`•
/� °
PERFORMANCE MONITORING .► _ o J14 ;17 ,,P.,I 0
irri inu 7 al:
WELLS WITHIN PREVIOUS / REW1 __ 1 J13 •' i`�18 �v
THERMAL TREATMENT AREA / II �09 Al H1 .7.i3D�•f1s
/ IIG08 p ►�11 �112 0 H `% ��Z. 17 J e,
/ I ° G09 m s :�
EXISTING VERTICAL / o G10 G1z " G
ELECTRODE WELLS II o07 Fp8 °1 F1i! ` ��� :P�:;I ,1
0 1 IVI •D /,�
® 7
•
// I E06 �eD°09 Fla ® �� i ��
EXISTING ELECTRODE / I E, • E07 PM-7S ����7��� ��
WELLS INSTALLED BELOW / I 0'am o �� ��.1 tels ,-�,�%;,
BUILDING AT ANGLE, II E08 69 E1; f
Eg Pem
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE /I Cp,/© eo 6 Dv
E i 6 F1PROJECTED AS SHOWN iI e e e Dp; E/� :03 �� om ® m•: !10 E14E1 .��5 e oD 1�e•:/ ♦• Cn C06• Co `�►_ Di�ai1"����� D1� ° 5 / E1' 1 /Willi 1
/ N ' C 18 'a� �i{�r:►� , 11 n 1/ 805 C'• \ �I g n� ob IffrVii:
l
L► 806 Joa::alla' \Ci0
i' , \ 1
—_ `•♦ I / BASE MAP DEVELOPED FROM PLANS BY CDM SMITH,
1 TRS, AND ORIGIN LAND SURVEYING AND MAPPING, INC.
% BO: lig lif B • ‘ /
_ .....
--- 1 Innovative Engineering Solutions, Inc.
25 SPRING STREET
II, REVISIONS ' WALPOLE, MASSACHUSETTS 02081
/ /
[phone]
nTLEEAD AREA PLAN
illaisi,„,„„..,,,fahi., I iliui//
cuENrNORTHROP GRUMMAN
/
\ S� FORMER :41_11FTmOuNR PRECISIONSITE' 1/ III
LocAnoN
/
SCALE _ 1995 NC HWY PHY, NC 28906-6864
�� — 0 30 FEET DRAWN CHECKED FILENAME DATE FIGURE
- DF SF NG-MURPHY REM PLAN SEPT. 2017 3-2

TETRACHLOROETHENE
Reductive Dechlorination
1
TRICHLOROETHENE
Reductive Dechlorination
1
1,2—DICHLOROETHENE
Reductive Dechlorination
1
VINYL CHLORIDE
Reductive Dechlorination
1
ETHENE —
ETHANE
CARBON DIOXIDE
Innovative Engineering Solutions, Inc.
25 SPRING STREET
WALPOLE, MASSACHUSETTS 02081
[phone]
TITLE
PATHWAYS FOR THE ANAEROBIC
TRANSFORMATION OF PCE
LEGEND CLIENT
NORTHROP GRUMMAN
BIOTIC REACTIONS (ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS) SITE FORMER CLIFTON PRECISION SITE
LOCATION
1995 NC HWY 141 MURPHY, NC 28906-6864
DRAWN CHECKED FILENAME DATE FIGURE DMR SAF PCE PATHWAYS & RECIRC AUGUST 2017 3-3

BATCH AMENDMENT ADDITION
(METHANOL AND/OR EMULSIFIED
OIL, ALKALINITY, NUTRIENTS)
EXISTING GROUNDWATER
TREATMENT SYSTEM
0 OXYGEN
GENERATOR
e7
TREATED WATER TO OFF—SITE
INJECTION WELLS
1
FLUSHING/DILUTION WATER FROM
POTABLE SOURCE OR OTHER
CLEAN WATER
•
SITE—WIDE CONTAINMENT OF OXYGEN INJECTION WELLS NEW INJECTION 116 EXISTING THERMAL REMEDIATION
IMPACTED GROUNDWATER WITH WELLS WELLS TO BE USED AS INJECTION WELLS
EXTRACTION WELLS RW-2 THRU 5 (USED IN 10 GROUPS OF ,-12 WELLS)
FORMER THERMAL TREATMENT IN SOURCE AREA
AEROBIC TREATMENT ZONE TRANSITION ZONE ANAEROBIC TREATMENT ZONE
GROUNDWATER FLOW DIRECTION
PROPOSED PHASED REMEDIAL APPROACH:
1) INSTALL UP TO SIX REMEDIAL INJECTION WELLS WITHIN THE TARGETED EAD TREATMENT ZONE.
2) INSTALL OXYGEN INJECTION WELLS AT THE EASTERN SIDE OF THE AEROBIC TREATMENT ZONE AND CONNECT TO AN OXYGEN GENERATOR.
3) CONNECT THE SIX NEW INJECTION WELLS TO A CENTRAL LOCATION SUITABLE FOR STAGING BATCH AMENDMENTS. CONFIGURE PIPING AND CONTROLS TO
ALLOW FOR BATCH AMENDMENT ADDITION WITH POTABLE WATER OR OTHER CLEAN WATER SOURCE AS CHASE WATER TO FLUSH AMENDMENTS INTO AQUIFER.
4) ADD AMENDMENTS ON A BATCH BASIS MONTHLY TO QUARTERLY AND FLUSH/DILUTE WITH CLEAN WATER TO DISTRIBUTE AMENDMENTS INTO AQUIFER.
5) OPERATE BOTH ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC SYSTEMS AND ADJUST OPERATIONS ACCORDINGLY BASED ON MONITORING DATA COLLECTED. Innovative Engineering Solutions, Inc.
25 SPRING STREET
REVISIONS WALPOLE, MASSACHUSETTS 02081
1 [phone]
2 TITLE REMEDIATION SYSTEM PROCESS
3 FLOW DIAGRAM
CLIENT NORTHROP GRUMMAN
SITE FORMER CLIFTON PRECISION SITE
LOCATION
1995 NC HWY 141 MURPHY, NC 28906-6864
DRAWN CHECKED FILENAME DATE FIGURE
DF SF NG—MURPHY REM PLAN SEPT. 2017 4-1

TRANSITION UPPER
ZONE WELL BEDROCK WELL WELL HEAD COMPLETION
El
DBG 0 EXISTING GROUND SURFACE EXTRACTION WELL HEAD DBG 0 0 EXISTING GROUND SURFACE
1.0 LOCKING WELL HEAD SEAL TO BE COMPLETED BY 1"0 PVC ADAPTER, SOCKET X NPT
DBG OTHERS ONCE PIPING IS DBG G 0.25' 0.25' LOCKING WELL HEAD SEAL C
CONNECTED I I FNPT INTOITH 1"0 NPT TOPPLUG AND FOR GAGE
TAPPED
DRILLER TO FURNISH AND DRILLER TO FURNISH AND
INSTALL LOCKING EXPANDABLE 1.5' 1.5' 1"x "O PVC SADDLE FITTING
PITLESS ADAPTER, WELL SEAL AT TOP, AND DBG TO %"O OXYGEN LINE EI
EXPANDABLE INSTALL WING
ELLSEAL AT
CAMPBELL T4 X 1" BACKFILL AROUND WELL FOR
PROTECTION UNTIL THE WELL TOP, 10"O (MIN) MANHOLE
DBG 0 3.0 PITLESS ADAPTER HEAD (PITLESS AND VAULT) TO COVER WITHIN 18"X18"
BE COMPLETED BY OTHERS SQUARE CONCRETE PAD
DBG 0 4.0 TOP OF GROUT
3' 3' TOP OF CEMENT GROUT BENTONITE-AMENDED CEMENT
DBG GROUT, MIX USING SUITABLE
BENTONITE-AMENDED CEMENT GROUT, MIX USING
SUITABLE GROUT MIXER BY FIRST DISSOLVING ^-3 GROUT MIXER BY FIRST
#S POWDERED BENTONITE PER 6.5 GAL WATER DBG ^'24' "24' STATIC DEPTH TO WATER DISSOLVING �3 #S POWDERED
BENTONITE PER 6.5 GAL WATER
TO MAKE A THIN SLURRY, THEN ADD 94 #S TO MAKE A THIN SLURRY, THEN
PORTLAND CEMENT PER 6.5 GAL WATER/SLURRY ADD 94 #S PORTLAND CEMENT
TO MAKE GROUT, PLACE GROUT BY PUMPING PER 6.5 GAL WATER/SLURRY TO
INTO WELL ANNULUS TO DISPLACE WATER BENTONITE PELLETS, Ya"O MAKE GROUT, PLACE GROUT BY
PUMPING INTO WELL ANNULUS
TOP OF BENTONITE PELLETS 13' ABOVE TOP BOTTOM OF TO DISPLACE WATER
DBG 18 INSTALL FILTER PACK WITH OF SCREEN TRANSITION ZONE TOP OF BENTONITE PELLETS L SCH.40 PVC 1"0
TREMIE PIPE WITH CLEAN DBG
DBG -22 TOP OF FILTER PACK SCH.40 PVC WATER FLUSH TO PLACE SAND 3' ABOVE TOP OF 3' ABOVE TOP WELL CASING
WELL CASING AROUND WELL SCREEN, SCREEN OF SCREEN TOP OF FILTER PACK BENTONITE PELLET SEAL, USE
-24 STATIC DEPTH TO WATER DBG
DBG 0 I I APPROXIMATELY 17 BAGS (8.5 Ya"0 COATED PELLETS W/30
�25' TOP OF SCREEN CF) OF SAND ARE NEEDED MINUTE (MIN) HYDRATION TIME
DBG FOR 28-FEET OF FILTER PACK
fl
2' ABOVE BOTTOM OF 2' ABOVE 15'
4-INCHO, 10 SLOT TRANSITION ZONE INTO BEDROCK TOP OF SCREEN
STAINLESS STEEL INSTALL 4O WELL INSIDE 10"O DBG = INSTALL FILTER PACK WITH TREMIE
WELL SCREEN (MIN) BOREHOLE DRILLED WITHSONIC DRILLING METHODS OR 2-FEET OF 1 INCHO, PIPE WITH CLEAN WATER FLUSH
FILTER PACK, SIZED OTHER SUITABLE METHODS TO 10 SLOT, STAINLESS TO PLACE SAND AROUND WELL
FOR 90% RETENTION - - DEPTH SPECIFIED, CONSTRUCT STEEL WELL SCREEN SCREEN, APPROXIMATELY 0.4
DEM
AT 0.01", USE #00 ININI® WELL WITH FILTER PACK AS BAGS OF SAND ARE NEEDED FOR
RICCI BROTHERS CASING IS REMOVED AND SEAL FILTER PACK, #0 SAND, OR EACH LINEAR FOOT OF FILTER
SAND OR EQUAL ® WITH BENTONITE HOLE PLUG SIZED TO MATCH SCREEN PACK (�4 BAGS)
ABOVE FILTER PACK AT -90% RETENTION
SS CENTRALIZERS
PLACED AT BOTTOM, ®_ BOTTOM OF 15' INTO = DRILL 6"0 BOREHOLE WITH SONIC OR
MIDDLE AND TOP — PLACE FILTER PACK TO TRANSITION ZONE BEDROCK BOTTOM OF SCREEN/WELL i® OTHER APPROPRIATE METHODS AND
-15' INTO BOTTOM OF SCREEN/WELL OF SCREEN !MI BASE OF WELL/BOREHOLE DBGs� INSTALL BOTH SMALL 1"O INJECTION
DBG s� BEDROCK' WELLS INSIDE BOREHOLE
REMEDIAL WELL CONSTRUCTION OXYGEN INJECTION WELL PAIR CONSTRUCTION
(TYPICAL OF 6, NOT TO SCALE) (TYPICAL OF 8 PAIRS, NOT TO SCALE)
WELL HEAD BURIED
DBG 0 EXISTING GROUND SURFACE
DBG -1.5' 3"O SVE PIPE SVE PIPES TO BE SEALED
DBG 0
-2 CEMENT GROUT 1111
BLUE )¢"0 PEX TUBING TO TOP
OF CONDUCTIVE FILL
RED J"0 PEX TUBING TO
BOTTOM OF WELL
NEAT CEMENT GROUT SEAL
-10' TOP OF_#3 SAND III!
DBG '
A. -24' STATIC DEPTH TO WATER 3"0 SVE SCREEN AND CASING
DBG% I
I #3 FILTER SAND
I m.
Innovative Engineering Solutions, Inc.
�26' TOP OF CONDUCTIVE FILL 25 SPRING
DBG REVISIONS leSI WALPOLE, STREETHUSETTS 02081
ELECTRODE 1 [phone]
2 TITLE WELL CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
CONDUCTIVE BACKFILL/FILTER 3
PACK CUENT
NORTHROP GRUMMAN
SITE FORMER CLIFTON PRECISION SITE
DBG VARIES BOTTOM OF WELL
LOCATION
EXISTING ELECTRODE WELL CONSTRUCTION 1995 NC HWY 141 MURPHY, NC 28906-6864
DRAWN CHECKED FILENAME DATE FIGURE
(TYPICAL OF 116, REFER TO TABLE 1 FOR CONSTRUCTION DEPTHS, NOT TO SCALE) DF SF NG-MURPHY REM PLAN SEPT. 2017 4-2

Figure 5-1: Estimated Bioremediation System Construction Schedule
Former Clifton Precission Facility, Murphy, NC
Interim Measure Workplan
USEPA/NC DEQ IM Workplan Review .
UIC Permit Application .
NC DEQ UIC Permit Review
Finalize Design, Bid Documents ■
Interim Measures Construction
Interim Measures Start Up I
Operations&Performance Monitoring
7/15/17 1/31/18 8/19/18 3/7/19 9/23/19 4/10/20 10/27/20 5/15/21 12/1/21
Date

Tables

Table 2-1.Existing Electrode Well Construction Details
Former Clifton Precision Site,Murphy,NC
Connected Total Top of Length of Bottom of
Date Borehole Length Depth to
Electrode to Existing Angle Length Conductive Conductive Conductive
Vault? Completed Diameter Drilled Installed Interval Interval Interval Water
No Yes (feet) (feet) (feet BG) (feet BG) (feet BG) (feet BG)
B03 1 10/28/2014 10 40 39 39 34 5 39 22
B04 1 10/23/2014 10 30 40 34.5 29 11 40 22
B05 1 11/4/2014 10 30 45.5 39.5 30 15.5 45.5 22
B06 1 11/3/2014 10 30 62 54 29.5 32.5 62 22
B07 1 11/6/2014 10 30 59 51 30 29 59 22
B08 1 9/16/2014 10 35 64 55 30 34 64 22
B09 1 11/11/2014 10 30 79.5 69 30 49.5 79.5 22
B10 1 11/12/2014 10 40 100 76.6 35 65 100 22
C04 1 10/30/2014 10 25 40 36 29 11 40 22
C05 1 10/23/2014 10 30 50 43.4 30 20 50 22
C06 1 11/5/2014 10 15 61.5 59.4 26 35.5 61.5 22
C07 1 12/2/2014 10 15 65 62.7 26 39 65 22
C08 1 12/3/2014 10 15 52 50 26 26 52 22
C09 1 11/10/2014 10 20 69 65 28 41 69 22
C10 1 12/10/2014 10 30 82 71 30 52 82 22
C12 1 10/21/2014 10 40 108 82.7 35 73 108 22
D05 1 10/28/2014 10 10 31 30.5 23 8 31 22
D06 1 10/30/2014 10 0 55 55 26 29 55 22
D07 1 11/6/2014 10 0 50 50 26 24 50 22
D08 1 9/30/2014 10 0 45.5 45.5 26 19.5 45.5 22
D09 1 9/16/2014 10 0 64 64 26 38 64 21
D10 1 11/18/2014 10 15 72.5 70 26 46.5 72.5 22
D11 1 11/17/2014 10 45 105 91 37 68 105 22
D12 1 11/20/2014 10 40 106.5 81.6 35 71.5 106.5 22
D13 1 11/19/2014 10 35 99.5 81.5 32 67.5 99.5 22
D14 1 10/14/2014 10 30 117 117 27 90 117 22
D15 1 9/2/2014 10 25 114.5 103.6 29 85.5 114.5 22
E06 1 10/16/2014 10 0 40 40 26 14 40 22
E07 1 10/21/2014 10 0 43 43 26 17 43 22
E08 1 9/11/2014 10 0 51 51 26 25 51 22
S18 1 10/27/2014 10 0 70 70 26 44 70 22
E13 1 12/3/2014 10 35 85 69.5 33 52 85 22
E14 1 11/21/2014 10 30 100 86.5 30 70 100 22
E15 1 10/9/2014 10 20 117 117 28 89 117 22
E16 1 8/28/2014 10 20 107 100.5 28 79 107 25
E17 1 8/27/2014 10 15 67.5 65 26 41.5 67.5 21
F07 1 10/15/2014 10 0 32.5 32.5 26 6.5 32.5 22
F08 1 10/28/2014 10 0 48 48 26 22 48 22
F09 1 10/7/2014 10 0 41 41 26 15 41 22
F11 1 10/22/2014 10 15 50 50 26 24 50 22
F13 1 12/9/2014 10 35 75.5 61.8 33 42.5 75.5 22
F13-B 1 2/11/2015 10 30 65 65 26 39 65 22
F14 1 12/4/2012 10 30 79 68.5 30 49 79 22
F15 1 11/20/2014 10 10 67 66 26 41 67 22
F16 1 9/8/2014 10 10 106.5 104.8 26 80.5 106.5 22
F17 1 8/21/2014 10 10 71.5 70.5 26 45.5 71.5 21
G08 1 10/29/2014 10 0 29.5 29.5 26 3.5 29.5 22
G09 1 9/14/2014 10 0 48 48 26 22 48 22
G10 1 10/20/2014 10 0 43.5 43.5 26 17.5 43.5 22
G11 1 9/17/2014 10 0 60 60 26 34 60 22
G13 1 9/25/2014 10 20 64 64 26 38 64 22
1 of 3

Table 2-1.Existing Electrode Well Construction Details
Former Clifton Precision Site,Murphy,NC
Connected Total Top of Length of Bottom of
Date Borehole Length Depth to
Electrode to Existing Angle Length Conductive Conductive Conductive
Vault? Completed Diameter Drilled Installed Interval Interval Interval Water
No Yes (feet) (feet) (feet BG) (feet BG) (feet BG) (feet BG)
G18 1 9/24/2014 10 10 114 114 26 88 114 22
G19 1 1/27/2015 10 10 79 79 26 53 79 22
H09 1 10/15/2014 10 10 24.5 24.5 19 5.5 24.5 20
H10 1 10/16/2014 10 0 45.5 45.5 26 19.5 45.5 22
H11 1 9/18/2014 10 0 43.5 43.5 26 17.5 43.5 21
H12 1 8/29/2014 10 0 56.5 56.5 26 30.5 56.5 21
H19 1 10/17/2014 10 10 91 90 26 65 91 22
J13 1 10/2/2014 10 0 58.5 58.5 26 32.5 58.5 22
J17 1 10/30/2014 10 0 87.5 87.5 26 61.5 87.5 22
J18 1 10/29/2014 10 0 99.5 99.5 26 73.5 99.5 22
J19 1 10/15/2014 10 0 103.5 103.5 26 77.5 103.5 22
J20 1 1/15/2015 10 10 92.5 92.5 26 66.5 92.5 22
K13 1 9/24/2014 10 0 57 57 26 31 57 22
K14 1 9/29/2014 10 0 60 60 26 34 60 22
K15 1 11/20/2014 10 10 67 66 26 41 67 22
K16 1 11/13/2014 10 0 75.5 75.5 26 49.5 75.5 22
K16B 1 11/22/2014 10 0 80 80 23 57 80 22
K17 1 10/30/2014 10 0 75 75 26 49 75 22
K18 1 11/4/2014 10 0 85 85 26 59 85 22
K19 1 9/22/2014 10 0 101 101 26 75 101 22
N14 1 9/11/2014 10 0 74 74 26 48 74 22
N15 1 10/2/2014 10 0 58 58 26 32 58 22
N16 1 11/19/2014 10 0 64 64 26 38 64 22
N17 1 11/18/2014 10 0 78 78 26 52 78 22
N18 1 11/4/2014 10 0 90 90 26 64 90 22
N19 1 11/11/2014 10 0 85 85 26 59 85 22
N20 1 8/25/2014 10 0 95 95 26 69 95 21
P14 1 9/15/2014 10 0 46.5 46.5 25.5 21 46.5 22
P15 1 9/15/2014 10 0 65.5 65.5 26 39.5 65.5 22
P16 1 10/7/2014 10 0 58.5 58.5 26 32.5 58.5 22
P17 1 11/5/2014 10 0 63 63 26 37 63 22
P18 1 11/11/2014 10 0 72.5 72.5 26 46.5 72.5 22
P19 1 11/6/2014 10 0 86 86 26 60 86 22
Q15 1 10/13/2014 10 0 56.5 56.5 26 30.5 56.5 22
Q16 1 10/23/2014 10 0 64 64 26 38 64 22
Q17 1 9/9/2014 10 0 56.5 56.5 26 30.5 56.5 22
Q18 1 10/15/2014 10 0 64 59.5 27 37 64 22
Q19 1 12/9/2014 10 0 93.5 93.5 26 67.5 93.5 22
R15 1 11/22/2014 10 0 58.5 58.5 27 31.5 58.5 22
R16 1 10/22/2014 10 0 65.5 65 25 40.5 65.5 22
R17 1 9/8/2014 10 0 62 62 26 36 62 22
R18 1 9/10/2014 10 0 56.5 56.5 26 30.5 56.5 22
R19 1 10/23/2014 10 0 70.5 69 26 44.5 70.5 22
S16 1 10/21/2014 10 0 60 60 26 34 60 22
S17 1 12/9/2014 10 0 68 68 26 42 68 22
S18 1 10/27/2014 10 0 70 70 26 44 70 22
Subtotal 39 58 6,716 6,443 4,089
Overburden
2 of 3

Table 2-1.Existing Electrode Well Construction Details
Former Clifton Precision Site,Murphy,NC
Connected Total Top of Length of Bottom of
Date Borehole Length Depth to
Electrode to Existing Angle Length Conductive Conductive Conductive
Vault? Completed Diameter Drilled Installed Interval Interval Interval Water
No Yes (feet) (feet) (feet BG) (feet BG) (feet BG) (feet BG)
E09 1 9/8/2014 10 0 56 56 26 30 56 22
El0 1 9/8/2014 10 0 59 59 26 33 59 22
E12 1 9/22/2014 10 40 107 107 35 72 107 22
F10 1 8/27/2014 10 0 56 56 26 30 56 21
F12 1 9/9/2014 10 20 68 68 28 40 68 22
G12 1 9/15/2014 10 0 65 65 26 38 65 21
G14 1 9/24/2014 10 30 82 82 30 52 82 22
G15 1 8/27/2014 10 20 86 86 28 58 86 21
G16 1 9/30/2014 10 15 94 94 25 69 94 22
G17 1 9/15/2014 10 0 113 113 26 87 113 22
H13 1 9/10/2014 10 0 58 58 26 32 58 22
H14 1 9/25/2014 10 30 81 81 30 51 81 22
H15 1 9/4/2014 10 20 86 86 29 57 86 22
H16 1 8/26/2014 10 10 89 89 27 62 89 26
H17 1 9/16/2014 10 0 108 108 26 82 108 22
H18 1 9/17/2014 10 0 113 113 26 87 113 22
J14 1 9/11/2014 10 0 68 68 26 42 68 21
J15 1 9/29/2014 10 25 78 78 28 50 78 22
J16 1 9/3/2014 10 10 92 92 27 65 92 20
Subtotal for 12 7 1,559 1,559 1,037
bedrock
Overburden& 51 65 8,275 8,002 5,126
Bedrock:
3 of 3

Table 5-1. Existing Thermal Area Performance Monitoring Well Construction
Former Clifton Precision Site, Murphy,NC
PM Well Diameter- Total Screen Well
Total Depth Top of Screen
Well Material Length Length Angle
(ft BG) (ft) (ft BG) (ft BG)
PM-1S 4" SS 65 72 43 25 25
PM-1D 4" SS 85 88 66 20 15
PM-2S 4" SS 60 60 30 30
PM-2D 4" SS 83 83 63 20
PM-3S 4" SS 59 77 40 25 40
PM-3D 4" SS 71 72 51 20 10
PM-4S 4" SS 40 40 15 25
PM-4D 4" SS 55 55 40 15
PM-5S 4" SS 40 40 15 25
PM-5D 4" SS 56 56 31 25
PM-6D 4" SS 43 46 24 20 20
PM-7S 4" SS 30 30 15 15
PM-7D 4" SS 39 39 24 15
PM8 4" SS 34 34 14 20
PM-9S 4" SS 55 55 15 40
PM-9D 4" SS 86 85.5 71 15

Appendix A - SDS and Other Information

0
uniVAR
Material Safety Data Sheet
LA1183
Methanol
1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Product Id: LA1183
Product Name: Methanol
Synonyms: Methyl hydrate, Wood spirit, Methyl hydroxide.
Chemical Family: Alcohol
Application: Solvent, fuel, feedstock
Distributed By:
Univar Canada Ltd.
9800 Van Horne Way
Richmond, BC
V6X 1 W 5
Prepared By: The Safety, Health and Environment Department of Univar Canada Ltd.
Preparation date of MSDS: 16 June 2009
Telephone number of preparer: 1-866-686-4827
24-Hour Emergency Telephone Number(CANUTEC): [phone]
2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Ingredients Percentage LD5Os and LC5Os Route & Species:
(W/W)
Methanol 99-100 Dermal LD50 (Rabbit) 15800 mg/kg
67-56-1 Oral LD50 (Rat) 5628 mg/kg
Inhalation LC50 (Rat) >32,000 ppm /8hrs
Inhalation LC50 (Rat) 64000 ppm (4-hour exposure)
Oral LD50 (Mouse) 7300 mg/kg
Note: No additional remark.
3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Potential Acute Health Effects:
Eye Contact: Causes mild to moderate eye irritation. High vapor concentration or liquid contact with eyes causes irritation,
tearing and burning.
Skin Contact: Causes moderate skin irritation. May be absorbed through the skin in toxic or lethal amounts. Symptoms of
exposure may include: Central nervous system depression with headache, stupor, uncoordinated or strange behaviour or
unconsciousness. Prolonged and or repeated skin contact with methanol soaked material has produced toxic effects
including vision effects and death.
LA1183
Methanol
Page 1 of 8

3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Inhalation: Inhalation of high airborne concentrations can irritate mucous membranes, cause headaches, sleepiness,
nausea, confusion, loss of consciousness, digestive and visual disturbances and death. NOTE: Odour threshold of
methanol is several times higher than the TLV-TWA. Depending upon severity of poisoning and the promptness of
treatment, survivors may recover completely or may have permanent blindness, vision disturbances and/or nervous
system effects. Concentrations in air exceeding 1000 ppm may cause irritation of the mucous membranes.
Ingestion: May be fatal if swallowed. A small amount of methanol (usually two or more ounces)can cause mental
sluggishness, nausea and vomiting leading to severe illness, and may produce adverse effects on vision with possible
blindness or death if treatment is not received. Aspiration into the lungs may occur during ingestion or vomiting, resulting in
lung injury.
4. FIRST AID MEASURES
Eye Contact: Remove contact lenses, if worn. Flush immediately with gentle running water for a minimum of 15 minutes,
ensuring all surfaces and crevices are flushed by lifting lower and upper lids. Obtain medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of soap
and water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean
contaminated shoes. Prolonged contact with methanol may defat skin tissue, resulting in drying and cracking.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, restore or assist breathing if necessary, obtain medical attention immediately.
Ingestion: If swallowed, do not induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Obtain medical
help immediately. Onset of symptoms may be delayed for 18 to 24 hours after ingestion. Swallowing methanol is life
threatening.
Notes to Physician: Acute exposure to methanol, either through ingestion or breathing high airborne concentrations can
result in symptoms appearing between 40 minutes and 72 hours after exposure. Symptoms and signs are usually limited
to CNS, eyes and gastrointestinal tract. Because of the initial CNS's effects of headache, vertigo, lethargy and confusion,
there may be an impression of ethanol intoxication. Blurred vision, decreased acuity and photophobia are common
complaints. Treatment with ipecac or lavage is indicated in any patient presenting within two hours of ingestion. A profound
metabolic acidosis occurs in severe poisoning and serum bicarbonate levels are a more accurate measure of severity than
serum methanol levels. Treatment protocols are available from most major hospitals and early collaboration with
appropriate hospital is recommended. In cases of methanol poisoning, medical care must emphasize the control of
acidosis. The use of intravenous bicarbonate has been lifesaving. Evidence shows that the treatment of methanol
absorption is enhanced through the administration of ethanol, which should be given to produce a blood level of at least
0.1%. Ethanol diminishes the production of the toxic metabolites of methanol. A blood methanol level of 50 mg/100m1 is
an indication for hemodialysis, which has improved the prognosis of methanol intoxification. If more than 2.0 mL/kg has
been ingested, vomiting should be induced with supervision.
5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Flash Point: 11 °C/52 °F
Flash Point Method: Tag Closed Cup
Autoignition Temperature: 385°C/725°F
Flammable Limits in Air(%): Lower: 6% Upper: 36%
Extinguishing Media: Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray Large fires: Water spray(see note in Unsuitable
Extinguishing Media), AFFF(R) (Aqueous Film Forming Foam (alcohol resistant))type with either a 3% or 6%foam
proportioning system.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: General purpose synthetic foams or protein foams may work, but much less effectively.
Water may be effective for cooling, but may not be effective for extinguishing a fire because it may not cool methanol
below its flash point.
Special Exposure Hazards: Flammable Liquid. Isolate and restrict area access. Stay upwind. Methanol burns with a
clean clear flame that is almost invisible in daylight. Concentrations of greater than 25% methanol in water can be ignited.
Use fine water spray or fog to control fire spread and cool adjacent structures or containers. Contain fire control water for
later disposal. Vapors are heavier than air and may accumulate in low areas. Vapors may travel along the ground to be
ignited at distant locations. Closed containers may rupture violently or explode and suddenly release large amounts of
product when exposed to fire or excessive heat for a sufficient period of time.
Hazardous Decomposition/Combustion Materials (under fire conditions): Carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide.
Formaldehyde.
LA1183
Methanol
Page 2 of 8

5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Special Protective Equipment: Fire fighters must wear full face, positive pressure, self-contained breathing apparatus
and appropriate protective clothing. Note that methanol fires may require proximity suits. Do not walk through spilled
product. Thoroughly decontaminate bunker gear and other fire-fighting equipment before re-use.
NFPA RATINGS FOR THIS PRODUCT ARE: HEALTH 1, FLAMMABILITY 3, INSTABILITY 0
HMIS RATINGS FOR THIS PRODUCT ARE: HEALTH 1, FLAMMABILITY 3, REACTIVITY 0
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal Precautionary Measures: Full-face, positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus or airline and
protective clothing must be worn.
Environmental Precautionary Measures: Prevent from entering into soil, ditches, sewers, waterways and/or
groundwater. Consult local authorities. Biodegrades easily in water. Methanol in fresh or salt water may have serious
effects on aquatic life. A study on methanol's toxic efffects on sewage sludge bacteria reported little effect on digestion at
0.1%while 0.5% methanol retarded digestion. Methanol will be broken down to carbon dioxide and water.
Procedure for Clean Up: Flammable liquid. Eliminate all ignition sources. Isolate hazard area and restrict access. Stop
leak only if safe to do so. Do not walk through spilled product as it may be on fire and not visible. Release can cause an
immediate fire/explosion hazard. Fluorocarbon alcohol resistant foams may be applied to spill to diminish vapour and fire
hazard. Maximize recovery for recycling or reuse. Restrict access to unprotected personnel. Ensure clean-up is conducted
by trained personnel only. Ensure disposal is in compliance with all applicable government requirements. Small spills: soak
up with absorbent material and scoop into containers. Large spills : prevent contamination of waterways. Dike and pump
into suitable containers. Clean up residual with absorbent material, place in appropriate container and flush with water.
7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling: For industrial use only. Handle and open containers with care. Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Do
not ingest. Avoid inhalation of chemical. DO NOT handle or store near an open flame, heat, or other sources of ignition.
Fixed equipment as well as transfer containers and equipment should be grounded to prevent accumulation of static
charge. DO NOT pressurize, cut, heat, or weld containers. Empty containers may contain hazardous product residues.
Keep the containers closed when not in use. Protect against physical damage. Use appropriate personnel protective
equipment.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area, away from heat and ignition sources. Place away from incompatible
materials. Tanks must be grounded and vented and should have vapour emission controls. Tanks must be diked. A
flammable mixture of methanol vapour and air is possible inside a storage tank or transportation tank, and handlers should
take appropriate precautions to reduce the risk of ignition. Handlers must eliminate ignition sources or purge the tank with
an inert gas such as nitrogen. All equipment must be grounded - bonded when transferring product in order to avoid static
discharge from the equipment, and subsequent possible fire. Anhydrous methanol is non-corrosive to most metals at
ambient temperatures except for lead, nickel, monel, cast iron and high silicon iron. Coatings of copper(or copper alloys),
zinc(including galvanized steel), or aluminum are unsuitable for storage. These materials may be attacked slowly by the
methanol. Storage tanks of welded construction are normally satisfactory. They should be designed and built in
conformance with good engineering practice for the material being stored. While plastics can be used for short term
storage, they are generally not recommended for long-term storage due to deterioration effects and the subsequent risk of
contamination.
Corrosion rates for several construction materials:
<0.508 mm/year: Cast iron, monel, lead, nickel
<0.051 mm/year: High silicon iron
Some attack: Polyethylene
Satisfactory: Neoprene, phenolic resins, polyesters, natural rubber, butyl rubber
Resistant: Polyvinyl chloride, unplasticized
LA1183
Methanol
Page 3 of 8

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Use process enclosure, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below
recommended exposure limits. Use explosion proof equipment.
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH/OSHA recommendations for methanol concentrations in air:
Up to 2000 ppm: supplied air respirator
Up to 5000 ppm: supplied air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode.
Up to 6000 ppm: supplied air respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece operated in a continuous-flow mode; or Full-facepiece
self-contained breathing apparatus or Full-facepiece supplied air respirator.
Cartridge type respirators are NOT recommended.
Emergency or Planned entry into unkown concentrations or IDLH (immediately dangerous to life or health) conditions:
Respirator selection must be done by a qualified person and be based upon a risk assessment of the work activities and
exposure levels. Respirators must be fit tested and users must be clean shaven where the respirator seals to the face.
Exposure must be kept at or below the applicable exposure limits and the maximum use concentration of the respirator
must not be exceeded.
Positive pressure, full-facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus; or Positive pressure, full-facepiece supplied air
respirator with an auxiliary positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.
Gloves:
Appropriate chemical resistant gloves should be worn. Butyl rubber gloves. Nitrile gloves.
Skin Protection: Wear chemical resistant pants and jackets, preferably butyl or nitrile rubber.
Eyes: Chemical goggles; also wear a face shield if splashing hazard exists.
Other Personal Protection Data: Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-station
location. Chemical resistant footwear.
Ingredients Exposure Limit-ACGIH Exposure Limit-OSHA Immediately Dangerous
to Life or Health - IDLH
Methanol 200 ppm TWA(Skin) 200 ppm TWA(Skin) 6000 ppm
250 ppm STEL (Skin) 250 ppm STEL (Skin)
260 mg/m3 TWA(Skin)
325 mg/m3 STEL (Skin)
9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Physical State: Liquid.
Colour: Clear/Colourless
Odour: Mild Characteristic. Alcohol
pH Not applicable.
Specific Gravity: 0.791 @ 20°C
Boiling Point: 64.7°C/148.5°F
Freezing/Melting Point: -97.8°C/-144°F
Vapour Pressure: 12.8 kPa @ 20°C
Vapour Density: 1.105 @ 15°C
%Volatile by Volume: 100%
Evaporation Rate: 4.1 (n-butyl acetate = 1)
Solubility: Completely soluble.
VOCs: Not Available.
Viscosity: Not Available.
Molecular Weight: 32.04
Other: Not Available.
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability: Stable.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
Conditions to Avoid: Incompatible materials. Avoid any source of ignition.
Materials to Avoid: Strong oxidizers. Strong mineral acids. Organic acids. Strong bases. Contact with these materials
may cause a violent or explosive reaction. May be corrosive to lead, aluminum, magnesium, and platinum. May react with
metallic aluminum or magnesium and generate hydrogen gas. May attack some forms of plastic, rubber, and coatings.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Formaldehyde. Carbon dioxide. Carbon monoxide.
LA1183
Methanol
Page 4 of 8

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Additional Information:
No additional remark.
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Principle Routes of Exposure
Ingestion: May be fatal if swallowed. A small amount of methanol (usually two or more ounces)can cause mental
sluggishness, nausea and vomiting leading to severe illness, and may produce adverse effects on vision with possible
blindness or death if treatment is not received. Aspiration into the lungs may occur during ingestion or vomiting, resulting in
lung injury.
Skin Contact: Causes moderate skin irritation. May be absorbed through the skin in toxic or lethal amounts. Symptoms of
exposure may include: Central nervous system depression with headache, stupor, uncoordinated or strange behaviour or
unconsciousness. Prolonged and or repeated skin contact with methanol soaked material has produced toxic effects
including vision effects and death.
Inhalation: Inhalation of high airborne concentrations can irritate mucous membranes, cause headaches, sleepiness,
nausea, confusion, loss of consciousness, digestive and visual disturbances and death. NOTE: Odour threshold of
methanol is several times higher than the TLV-TWA. Depending upon severity of poisoning and the promptness of
treatment, survivors may recover completely or may have permanent blindness, vision disturbances and/or nervous
system effects. Concentrations in air exceeding 1000 ppm may cause irritation of the mucous membranes.
Eye Contact: Causes mild to moderate eye irritation. High vapor concentration or liquid contact with eyes causes irritation,
tearing and burning.
Additional Information:
Repeated exposure by inhalation or absorption of methanol may cause systemic poisoning, brain disorders, impaired
vision and blindness. Inhalation may worsen conditions such as emphysema or bronchitis. Repeated skin contact may
cause dermal irritation, dryness and cracking. Effects of sub lethal doses may be nausea, headache, abdominal pain,
vomiting and visual disturbances ranging from blurred vision to light sensitivity. Methanol is toxic by inhalation and
ingestion. Inhalation of vapors may cause cyanosis, CNS effects, lethargy, loss of consciousness and death. The effects
from inhalation may be delayed. Ingestion may cause malaise, CNS effects, discomfort, and death if not treated promptly.
Ingestion of methanol has resulted in adverse effects (necrosis and haemorrhaging) in the brain. Medical conditions
aggravated by exposure include: skin disorders and allergies, liver disorders and eye disease. Undocumented reports
suggest that this product may form a siloxane polymer on the eyes, lungs, or other mucous membranes. Long term
exposure to methanol has been associated with headaches, giddiness, conjunctivitis, insomnia and impaired vision.
Dermal absorption of significant amounts of methanol resulted in death in several animal species. Toxic effects in animals
exposed to methanol by inhalation include eye irritation, blindness and nasal discharge. Toxic effects observed in animals
exposed to methanol by ingestion include CNS effects , gastrointestinal effects, anesthetic effects, damage to the optic
nerve and acidosis.
Synergistic Products: In animals, high concentrations of methanol can increase the toxicity of other chemicals, particularly
liver toxins like carbon tetrachloride. Ethanol significantly reduces the toxicity of methanol because it competes for the
same metabolic enzymes, and has been usd to treat methanol poisoning.
Potential for Accumulation: Methanol is readily absorbed into the body following inhalation and ingestion. Skin absorption
may occur if the skin is broken or exposure is prolonged. Once absorbed, methanol is rapidly distributed to body tissues.A
small amount is excreted unchanged in exhaled air and the urine. The rest is first metabolized to formaldehyde, which is
then metabolized to formic acid and/or formate. The formic acid and formate are eventually converted to carbon dioxide
and water. In humans, methanol clears from the body, after inhalation or oral exposure, with a half-life of 1 day or more for
high doses (greater than 1000 mg/kg)or about 1.5-3 hours for low doses (less than 100 mg/kg or 76.5-230 ppm (100-300
mg/m3)).
Acute Test of Product:
Acute Oral LD50: >5,000 (Rat)
Acute Dermal LD50: 20 mL/kg (Rabbit)
Acute Inhalation LC50: 64, 000 ppm (Rat)
Carcinogenicity:
LA1183
Methanol
Page 5 of 8

Ingredients IARC - Carcinogens ACGIH -Carcinogens
Methanol Not listed. Not listed.
Carcinogenicity Comment: No additional information available.
Reproductive Toxicity/Teratogenicity/Embryotoxicity/Mutagenicity:
Methanol is reported to cause birth defects in rats exposed to 20 000 ppm. In experimental animals, methanol is fetotoxic,
teratogenic and has produced significant behavioral abnormalities in offspring at dose levels not producing maternal toxic
effects. Behavioural abnormalities were observed in the offspring of rats given drinking water containing 2% methanol.
Methanol has produced mutagenic effects (somatic cells) in experimental animals.
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Ecotoxicological Information:
Ingredients Ecotoxicity- Fish Species Acute Crustaceans Toxicity: Ecotoxicity- Freshwater
Data Algae Data
Methanol LC50 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) EC50 (Daphnia Magna) EC50 (Selenastrum
13200 mg/L :24500 mg/L (48hrs) capricornutum): 7.1 mg/L
LC50 (Pimephales promelas) (48hrs)
28100 mg/L (96 hrs)
LC50 (Lepomis macrochirus)
15400 mg/L (96 hrs)
Other Information:
Methanol in fresh or salty water may have serious effects on aquatic life. A study on methanol's toxic effects on sewage
sludge bacteria reported little effect on digestion at 1.0 %while 0.5% methanol retarded digestion. Methanol will be broken
down to carbon dioxide and water.
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Disposal of Waste Method: Incineration is the recommended disposal method. Biological treatment may be used on
dilute aqueous waste methanol. Methanol wastes are not suitable for underground injection. Waste materials must be
disposed of in accordance with your municipal, state, provincial and federal regulations.
Contaminated Packaging: Waste materials must be disposed of in accordance with your municipal, state, provincial and
federal regulations.
14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
DOT (U.S.):
DOT Shipping Name: METHANOL
DOT Hazardous Class 3 (6.1)
DOT UN Number: UN1230
DOT Packing Group: II
DOT Reportable Quantity(Ibs): 5000/2270 kg
Note: No additional remark.
Marine Pollutant: No.
TDG (Canada):
TDG Shipping Name: METHANOL
Hazard Class: 3 (6.1)
UN Number: UN1230
Packing Group: II
Note: No additional remark.
Marine Pollutant: No.
LA1183
Methanol
Page 6 of 8

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
U.S. TSCA Inventory Status: All components of this product are either on the Toxic Substances Control Act(TSCA)
Inventory List or exempt.
Canadian DSL Inventory Status: All components of this product are either on the Domestic Substances List(DSL), the
Non-Domestic Substances List(NDSL)or exempt.
Note: Not available.
U.S. Regulatory Rules
Ingredients CERCLA/SARA-Section SARA(311, 312) Hazard CERCLA/SARA-Section
302: Class: 313:
Methanol Not Listed. Listed Listed
California Proposition 65: Not Listed.
MA Right to Know List: Listed.
New Jersey Right-to-Know List: Listed.
Pennsylvania Right to Know List: Listed.
WHMIS Hazardous Class:
B2 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
D1B TOXIC MATERIALS
D2A VERY TOXIC MATERIALS
D2B TOXIC MATERIALS
LA1183
Methanol
Page 7 of 8

16. OTHER INFORMATION
Additional Information: This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the
Canadian Controlled Products Regulations (CPR)and the MSDS contains all the
information required by the CPR.
Disclaimer: NOTICE TO READER:
Univar, expressly disclaims all express or implied warranties of merchantability and
fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to the product or information provided
herein, and shall under no circumstances be liable for incidental or consequential
damages.
Do not use ingredient information and/or ingredient percentages in this MSDS as a
product specification. For product specification information refer to a Product
Specification Sheet and/or a Certificate of Analysis. These can be obtained from your
local Univar Sales Office.
All information appearing herein is based upon data obtained from the manufacturer
and/or recognized technical sources. While the information is believed to be accurate,
Univar makes no representations as to its accuracy or sufficiency. Conditions of use
are beyond Univar's control and therefore users are responsible to verify this data
under their own operating conditions to determine whether the product is suitable for
their particular purposes and they assume all risks of their use, handling, and disposal
of the product, or from the publication or use of, or reliance upon, information
contained herein. This information relates only to the product designated herein, and
does not relate to its use in combination with any other material or in any other
process.
***END OF MSDS***
LA1183
Methanol
Page 8 of 8

CCC
\IMO
Canada Colors and Chemicals Limited
152 Kennedy Road South
Brampton, Ontario
Canada
L6W 3G4
General Inquiry Number: [phone]
Material Safety Data Sheet
Attached

Commercial Alcohols MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
A Trade Name of GreenFleld Specially Alcohols Inc.
NIENNISf
PRODUCT NAME: DA-2A (ANHYDROUS) Page 1 of 6
DENATURED ETHYL ALCOHOL GRADE NO. 2A
MSDS NO: 1509R05 EFFECTIVE DATE: February 1, 2014
MANUFACTURED BY: Commercial Alcohols
Bruce Energy Centre 275 Bloomfield Road 2 Chelsea Lane
4th Concession Chatham, Brampton,Ontario
Tiverton,Ontario Ontario L6T 3Y4
NOG 2T0 N7M 5J5
EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBER: CANUTEC [phone]
This product is distributed by
Canada nquir and Chemicals Limited CCC
General Inquiry:leosl455�1x3x �r
24 Hour Emergency:[phone]
TRANSPORTATION Ca:Product Code: 415004
000 r,oaectHame:ETHANOL DENATURED DA 2A
PRIMARY CLASS: 3 CLASS NAME: FLAMMABLE LIQUID UN#: 1986
SUBSIDIARY CLASS: 6.1
SHIPPING NAME: ALCOHOLS, FLAMMABLE,TOXIC,N.O.S.(ETHAN0L)
I. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURE
INGESTION • Never give anything by mouth if victim is rapidly losing consciousness or is unconscious or convulsing.
• DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
• Have victim drink about 250m1 (8fl. oz.) of water to dilute material in stomach.
• If vomiting occurs naturally, have victim lean forward to reduce risk of aspiration.
• Seek medical assistance immediately.
SKIN • Flush contaminated area with water for at least 20 minutes.
• Remove contaminated clothing under running water.
• Completely decontaminate clothing before re-use,or discard.
• If irritation occurs seek medical attention.
INHALATION • Remove victim to fresh air.
• Artificial respiration should be given if breathing has stopped and cardiopulmonary resuscitation if
heart has stopped.
• Oxygen may be given if necessary.
• Seek medical attention immediately.
EYES • Immediately flush eyes with water for at least 20 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
• Seek medical attention immediately.
NOTES To • This product contains 13.7%v/v of methanol, a toxic substance having produced blindness and other serious
PHYSICIAN effects on vision,as well as death. However,this product also contains the accepted antidote,ethanol
(85.5%v/v).
THE INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONTAINED HEREIN ARE BASED UPON DATA BELIEVED TO BE CORRECT. HOWEVER,
NO GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, IS MADE WITH RESPECT TO INFORMATION AND RECOMMEN-
DATIONS CONTAINED HEREIN.

Commercial Alcohols MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
A Trade Name of GreenField Specialty Alcohols Inc.
PRODUCT NAME: DA-2A (ANHYDROUS) Page 2 of 6
DENATURED ETHYL ALCOHOL GRADE NO. 2A
MSDS NO: 1509R05 EFFECTIVE DATE: February 1, 2014
II. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA
FLASH POINT,°C • 12.5(Tag closed cup,ASTM D-56)
OTHER COMPONENT %V/V VAPOUR VAPOUR AUTOIGNI-
IMPORTANT DA- PRESSURE DENSITY TION
TA LOWER UPPER KPA AT 20°C (AIR= 1) POINT,°C
(1) Ethyl Alcohol 85.5 3.3 19.0 5.87 1.6 422
(2) Methanol 13.7 7.3 36.0 12.80 1.1 385
(3) Ethyl acetate 0.85 2.2 11.5 9.73 3.0 427
Water Balance
EXTINGUISHING • Apply alcohol-type or all-purpose-type foams by manufacturers' recommended techniques for large fires.
MEDIA • Use carbon dioxide or dry chemical media for small fires.
• Water is generally unsuitable and may help to spread the fire.
SPECIAL • Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers and structures.
FIREFIGHTING • Use water spray to disperse vapours; reignition is possible.
PROCEDURES • Use self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing.
UNUSUAL • Vapours form from this product and may travel or be moved by air currents and ignited by pilot lights,
FIRE AND other flames,sparks,heaters,electrical equipment,static discharges or other ignition sources at
EXPLOSION locations distant from handling point.
HAZARDS
III. IDENTIFICATION
CHEMICAL NAME DENATURED ETHYL ALCOHOL CHEMICAL ALCOHOLS/ESTERS
GRADE NO.2-A(ANHYDROUS) FAMILY
FORMULA (1) CH3-CH2-OH (3)CH3-CO2-C2H5 MOLECULAR (1) 46.07 (3)88.10
(2) CH3OH WEIGHT (2) 32.04
NOTE • Numbers refer to Section II.
SYNONYMS • 2A alcohol or solvent, DAG-2A.
USE • General purpose organic solvent,printing inks, protective and decorative coatings,resins,etc.

Commercial Alcohols MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
A Trade Name of GreenField Specialty Alcohols Inc.
PRODUCT NAME: DA-2A (ANHYDROUS) Page 3 of 6
DENATURED ETHYL ALCOHOL GRADE NO. 2A
MSDS NO: 1509R05 EFFECTIVE DATE: February 1, 2014
IV. PHYSICAL DATA
BOILING POINT,°C at 760mm Hg 75.6
FREEZING POINT,°C Not Available
DENSITY,kg/L @ 20°C 0.7889
COEFFICIENT OF WATER/OIL DISTRIBUTION Separates from oil
pH Not Applicable
DISTILLATION RANGE,°C 75.3-78.6
MISCIBILITY IN WATER Complete
%VOLATILES BY VOLUME 100
EVAPORATION RATE(butyl acetate=1) 1.8
APPEARANCE • Colourless liquid with typical alcohol/ester odour.
AND ODOUR • Odour thresholds are approximately 0.1 to 5100 ppm for ethyl alcohol, 4.3 to 5900 ppm for methanol, and
0.056 ppm for ethyl acetate, as reported in Appendix 1 of the Canadian Standards Association guide Z94.4-
M1982.
V. INGREDIENTS AND TOXICOLOGICAL DATA
INGREDIENT %V/V CAS NO. TLV,ppm LC50,ppm/4h. LD50,mg/kg LD50,mg/kg
RAT,INHAL. RAT,ORAL RABBIT,SKIN
(1) Ethyl Alcohol 85.5 64-17-5 1000 31,623 7,060 20,000
(2) Methanol 13.7 67-56-1 200 64,000 5,628 20,000
(3) Ethyl acetate 0.85 141-78-6 400 22,627 11,300 N/A
Water Balance
REFERENCES ACGIH(1988-1989),RTECS(1983),CCOHS(1988).
VI. WHMIS CLASSIFICATION AND SYNERGISTIC MATERIALS
WHMIS CLASSIFICATION • Flammable liquid,very toxic material (methanol),eye irritant.
SYNERGISTIC MATERIALS • Ethanol with carbon tetrachloride,chloroform, bromotrichloromethane,
dimethylnitrosamine,thioacetamide,and methanol with carbon tetrachlo-
ride.

Commercial Alcohols MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
A Trade Name of GreenField Specialty Alcohols Inc.
PRODUCT NAME: DA-2A (ANHYDROUS) Page 4 of 6
DENATURED ETHYL ALCOHOL GRADE NO. 2A
MSDS NO: 1509R05 EFFECTIVE DATE: February 1, 2014
VII. HEALTH HAZARD DATA
INGESTION • The most hazardous component in DA-2A(Anhydrous)is methanol,a toxic substance which has
produced blindness and death.
• The symptoms following ingestion of DA-2A(Anhydrous) include dizziness,faintness,drowsiness,
decreased awareness and responsitiveness,euphoria, abdominal discomfort, nausea,vomiting,
staggering gait, lack of coordination,and coma.
SKIN ABSORPTION • Methanol can be absorbed through the skin in toxic and lethal amounts.
INHALATION • Irritation of the nose,throat and eyes will begin at—400 ppm ethyl acetate. Inhalation of high
concentrations can produce dizziness,faintness,drowsiness, nausea and vomiting. Symptoms de-
pend
on the level and duration of exposure.
SKIN • Mild irritant.
CONTACT • Repeated or prolonged exposure may lead to dermatitis,erythema and scaling.
• Severe eye irritant.
EYE • Vapours can irritate eyes.
CONTACT • Eye damage from contact with liquid is reversible and proper treatment will result in healing
within a few days.
• Damage is usually mild to moderate conjunctivitis,seen mainly as redness of the conjunctiva.
EFFECT OF • Long term repeated oral exposure to ethanol may result in the development of progressive liver
REPEATED injury with fibrosis.
OVEREXPOSURE
• Long term exposure to methanol has been associated with headaches,giddiness,conjunctivitis,
insomnia and impaired vision.
MEDICAL
CONDITIONS • Repeated exposure to ethanol may exacerbate liver injury produced from other causes.
AGGRAVATED BY
OVEREXPOSURE
• Not available.

Commercial Alcohols MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
A Trade Name of GreenField Specialty Alcohols Inc.
PRODUCT NAME: DA-2A (ANHYDROUS) Page 5 of 6
DENATURED ETHYL ALCOHOL GRADE NO. 2A
MSDS NO: 1509R05 EFFECTIVE DATE: February 1, 2014
VIII. REACTIVITY DATA
STABILITY • Stable
CONDITIONS TO AVOID • Sources of ignition
INCOMPATIBILITY • Oxidizing materials
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION OR • Burning can produce carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide and/or formaldehyde.
DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION • Will not occur
CONDITIONS TO AVOID • None currently known
IX. SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES
SPILL • Contain spilled material.
• Provide adequate ventilation and protective equipment.
• Remove sources of heat,sparks or flames.
• Spill should be collected in suitable containers or absorbed on a suitable absorbent material for
subsequent disposal.
WASTE • Waste material should be disposed of in an approved incinerator or in a designated landfill site,
DISPOSAL in compliance with all federal, provincial and local government regulations.
X. SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION
RESPIRATORY • Up to 1000 ppm,an approved organic vapour cartridge respirator can be used.
EQUIPMENT • For concentrations above 1000 ppm, an air-supplying respirator is recommended.
• The user should consult a respirator guide,such as the Canadian Standards Association's guide
Z94.4-M 1982.
VENTILATION • The ventilation system should be non-sparking,grounded and separate from other exhaust ven-
tilation systems.
• Local ventilation is recommended when handling.
PROTECTIVE GLOVES • Neoprene, butyl or natural rubber.
EYE PROTECTION • Chemical resistant monogoggles when handling
OTHER PROTECTIVE • Eye bath,safety shower and other protective equipment as required.
EQUIPMENT

Commercial Alcohols MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
A Trade Name of Green Field Specialty Alcohols Inc.
PRODUCT NAME: DA-2A (ANHYDROUS) Page 6 of 6
DENATURED ETHYL ALCOHOL GRADE NO. 2A
MSDS NO: 1509R05 EFFECTIVE DATE: February 1, 2014
XI. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
PRECAUTIONS TO BE • Keep away from heat, sparks and flames.
TAKEN IN HANDLING • Keep container closed when not in use.
• Use with adequate ventilation.
AND STORING • Avoid breathing vapours.
• Avoid contact with eyes and skin.
• Wash exposed skin thoroughly after handling.
OTHER PRECAUTIONS • Good personal hygiene practices are suggested, such as abstaining from eating, drinking and
smoking in the workplace.
XII. MSDS PREPARATION
PREPARED BY: Alcohol QA, Technical Services, and Regulatory Affairs Department
PHONE NUMBER: [phone] DATE: February 1, 2014
COMMERCIAL ALCOHOLS URGES EACH CUSTOMER OR RECIPIENT OF THIS MSDS TO STUDY IT CAREFULLY TO BECOME AWARE OF
AND UNDERSTAND THE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRODUCT. THE READER SHOULD CONSIDER CONSULTING REFERENCE
WORKS OR INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE EXPERTS IN VENTILATION,TOXICOLOGY OR FIRE PREVENTION,AS NECESSARY OR APPROPRIATE
TO USE AND UNDERSTAND THE DATA CONTAINED IN THIS MSDS.
TO PROMOTE SAFE USE AND HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT, EACH CUSTOMER OR RECIPIENT SHOULD
(1) NOTIFY EMPLOYEES,AGENTS, CONTRACTORS AND OTHERS WHO MAY USE THIS MATERIAL, OF THE
INFORMATION IN THIS MSDS AND ANY OTHER INFORMATION REGARDING HAZARDS OR SAFETY,
(2) FURNISH THIS SAME INFORMATION TO EACH CUSTOMER FOR THE PRODUCT,AND
(3) REQUEST CUSTOMERS TO NOTIFY THEIR EMPLOYEES, CUSTOMERS,
AND OTHER USERS OF THE PRODUCT OF THIS INFORMATION.

Health 3
8 Science Lab .com Fire
Chemicals&Laboratory Equipment 3
Reactivity 2
Personal J
Protection
Material Safety Data Sheet
Potassium hydroxide MSDS
Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification
Product Name: Potassium hydroxide Contact Information:
Catalog Codes: SLP4096, SLP3085, SLP4900, SLP2071 Sciencelab.com, Inc.
14025 Smith Rd.
CAS#: 1310-58-3 Houston, Texas 77396
RTECS: TT2100000 US Sales: 1-800-901-7247
International Sales: 1-281-441-4400
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Potassium hydroxide
Order Online: ScienceLab.com
Cl#: Not available.
CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:
Synonym: 1-800-424-9300
Chemical Name: Potassium Hydroxide International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
Chemical Formula: KOH For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Composition:
Name CAS# % by Weight
Potassium hydroxide 1310-58-3 100
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Potassium hydroxide: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 273 mg/kg [Rat].
Section 3: Hazards Identification
Potential Acute Health Effects:
Very hazardous in case of skin contact(corrosive, irritant), of eye contact(irritant, corrosive), of ingestion, of inhalation.
The amount of tissue damage depends on length of contact. Eye contact can result in corneal damage or blindness. Skin
contact can produce inflammation and blistering. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to gastro-intestinal or respiratory
tract, characterized by burning, sneezing and coughing. Severe over-exposure can produce lung damage, choking,
unconsciousness or death. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation is
characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.
Potential Chronic Health Effects:
CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to
upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.
Repeated exposure of the eyes to a low level of dust can produce eye irritation. Repeated skin exposure can produce local
skin destruction, or dermatitis. Repeated inhalation of dust can produce varying degree of respiratory irritation or lung damage.
p. 1

Section 4: First Aid Measures
Eye Contact:
Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15
minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact:
In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
and shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Cold water may be used.Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean
shoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately.
Serious Skin Contact:
Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical
attention.
Inhalation:
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical
attention immediately.
Serious Inhalation:
Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If
breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It may
be hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious or
corrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:
Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious
person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar,
tie, belt or waistband.
Serious Ingestion: Not available.
Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data
Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Points: Not applicable.
Flammable Limits: Not applicable.
Products of Combustion: Not available.
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: metals, acids
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:
Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product in
presence of static discharge: Not available.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:
Violent reaction or ignition under appropriate conditions with acids, alcohols, p-bis(1,3-dibromoethyl) benzene,
cyclopentadiene, germanium, hyponitrous acid, maleic anhydride, nitroalkanes, 2-nitrophenol, potassium peroxodisulfate,
sugars, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol, thorium dicarbide. Molten ortho-nitrophenol reacts violently with potassium hydroxide.
When potassium hydroxide and tetrachloroethane are heated, a spontaneously flammable gas, chloroacetylene, is formed.
When phosphorus is boiled in a solution of potassium hydroxide, phosphine gas is evolved which is spontaneously flammable.
1,2-Dichloroethylene and Potassium hydroxide reaction produces chloroacetylene which is spontaneously flammable in air.
Potassium Persulfate and a little Potassium hydroxide and water will ignite. When wet, attacks metals such as aluminum, tin,
lead, and zinc, producing flammable hydrogen gas.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:
p. 2

Potentially explosive reaction with bromoform + crown ethers, chlorine dioxide, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrogen
trichloride, peroxidized tetrahydrofuran, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Reaction with ammonium hexachloroplatiate(2-) + heat forms
heat sensitive explosive product. Potassium hydroxide will cause explosive decomposition of maleic anhydride. Detonation will
occur when potassiuim hydroxide is mixed with n-methyl-nitroso urea and methylene chloride. Nitrogen trichloride explodes on
contact with potassium hydroxide.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Small Spill:
Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. If necessary: Neutralize the residue with
a dilute solution of acetic acid.
Large Spill:
Corrosive solid. Stop leak if without risk. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray
to reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal.
Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of acetic acid. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level
above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.
Section 7: Handling and Storage
Precautions:
Keep container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust. Never add water to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation,
wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid
contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as organic materials, metals, acids, moisture.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Do not store above 23°C (73.4°F).
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls:
Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended
exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants
below the exposure limit.
Personal Protection:
Splash goggles. Synthetic apron. Vapor and dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent.
Gloves.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:
Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor and dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to
avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling
this product.
Exposure Limits:
CEIL: 2 (mg/m3)from OSHA(PEL) [United States] CEIL: 2 (mg/m3)from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] Consult local
authorities for acceptable exposure limits.
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical state and appearance: Solid. (Solid pellets.)
Odor: Odorless.
Taste: Not available.
Molecular Weight: 56.11 g/mole
P. 3

Color: White.
pH (1% soln/water): 13 [Basic.]
Boiling Point: Decomposition temperature: 1384°C (2523.2°F)
Melting Point: 380°C (716°F)
Critical Temperature: Not available.
Specific Gravity: 2.044 (Water= 1)
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable.
Vapor Density: Not available.
Volatility: Not available.
Odor Threshold: Not available.
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.
lonicity(in Water): Not available.
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water.
Solubility:
Easily soluble in cold water, hot water. Insoluble in diethyl ether.
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data
Stability: The product is stable.
Instability Temperature: Not available.
Conditions of Instability: Incompatible materials, dust generation, exposure to moist air or water.
Incompatibility with various substances:
Highly reactive with acids. Reactive with organic materials, metals, moisture.
Corrosivity:
Extremely corrosive in presence of aluminum, brass, and zinc. Slightly corrosive in presence of copper, of stainless steel(304).
Non-corrosive in presence of stainless steel(316).
Special Remarks on Reactivity:
Hygroscopic(absorbs moisture from air). When dissolved in water or alcohol or when the solution is treated with acid, much
heat is generated. Reacts violently with acids, halogens, halogenated hydrocarbons, maleic anhydride, organic anhydrides,
isocyanates, alkylene oxides, epichlorhydrin, aldehydes, alcohols, gylcols, phenols, cresols, caprolactum solution. Also
incompatible with nitro compounds (nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrogen trichloride), organic materials, acid anhydrides, acid
chlorides, magnesium, peroxidized tetrahydrofuran, chlorine dioxide, maleic dicarbide, sugars. When wet attacks metals such
as aluminum, tin, lead, and zinc.
Special Remarks on Corrosivity:
When wet, attacks metals such as aluminum, tin, lead, and zinc, producing flammable hydrogen gas. Severe corrosive effect
on brass and bronze.
Polymerization: Will not occur.
Section 11: Toxicological Information
Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Inhalation. Ingestion.
Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity(LD50): 273 mg/kg [Rat].
Chronic Effects on Humans:
p. 4

MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. May cause damage to the following organs: upper
respiratory tract, skin, eyes.
Other Toxic Effects on Humans:
Extremely hazardous in case of inhalation (lung corrosive). Very hazardous in case of skin contact(corrosive, irritant), of eye
contact(corrosive), of ingestion, .
Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: May affect genetic material based on animal data.
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:
Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Causes severe skin irritation and burns. Eyes: Causes severe eye irritation and
burns. May cause irreversible eye injury. Inhalation: Causes severe irritation and burns of the respiratory tract and mucous
membranes. Irritation may lead to chemical pneumonitis Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. May cause severe and permanent
damage to the digestive tract. Causes severe irritation and burns of the gastrointestinal (digestive)tract with abdominal pain,
vomiting and possible death. May cause perforation of the digestive tract. Chronic Potential Health Effects: Chronic contact
with dilute solutions of potassium hydroxide can cause dermatitis. Inhalation can produce chronic productive cough, and
shortness of breath.
Section 12: Ecological Information
Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water(LC50): 80 mg/I 24 hours [Mosquito Fish].
BOD5 and COD: Not available.
Products of Biodegradation:
Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.
Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
Section 13: Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal:
Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.
Section 14: Transport Information
DOT Classification: Class 8: Corrosive material
Identification: : Potassium hydroxide, solid UNNA: 1813 PG: II
Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.
Section 15: Other Regulatory Information
Federal and State Regulations:
New York release reporting list: Potassium hydroxide Pennsylvania RTK: Potassium hydroxide Florida: Potassium hydroxide
Minnesota: Potassium hydroxide Massachusetts RTK: Potassium hydroxide New Jersey: Potassium hydroxide California
Director's List of Hazardous Substances: Potassium hydroxide TSCA 8(b) inventory: Potassium hydroxide CERCLA:
Hazardous substances.: Potassium hydroxide: 1000 lbs. (453.6 kg)
Other Regulations:
OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on the
European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
P. 5

Other Classifications:
WHMIS (Canada):
CLASS D-1B: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (TOXIC). CLASS E: Corrosive solid.
DSCL (EEC):
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 3
Fire Hazard: 0
Reactivity: 2
Personal Protection:j
National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):
Health: 3
Flammability: 0
Reactivity: 1
Specific hazard:
Protective Equipment:
Gloves. Synthetic apron. Vapor and dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear
appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Splash goggles.
Section 16: Other Information
References: Not available.
Other Special Considerations: Not available.
Created: 10/10/2005 08:23 PM
Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we
make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume
no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for
their particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for
lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if ScienceLab.com
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
p. 6

SODIUM HYDROXIDE Page 1 of 4
MSDS Number:S4034*****Effective Date:09/08/09*****Supercedes:05/04/07
76 Haw Emergency 1.l.ph.r.*0646F4161
CHMPC:1.0042445*0
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
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All non-afrwr9*00y q 0 1*0 should 0000001.Eto drtteenar SU.io.(1E00-582-2537)kr asdtlanea.
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
1.Product Identification
Synonyms:Caustic soda;lye;sodium hydroxide solid;sodium hydrate
CAS No.:1310-73-2
Molecular Weight:40.00
Chemical Formula:NaOH
Product Codes:
J.T.Baker:1508,3717,3718,3721,3722,3723,3728,3734,3736,5045,5565
Mallinckrodt:7001,7680,7708,7712,7772,7798
2.Composition/Information on Ingredients
Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous
Sodium Hydroxide 1310-73-2 99 - 100% Yes
3.Hazards Identification
Emergency Overview
POISON!DANGER!CORROSIVE.MAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED.HARMFUL IF INHALED.CAUSES BURNS TO ANY AREA OF
CONTACT.REACTS WITH WATER,ACIDS AND OTHER MATERIALS.
SAF-T-DATA(tm)Ratings(Provided here for your convenience)
Health Rating:4-Extreme(Poison)
Flammability Rating:0-None
Reactivity Rating:2-Moderate
Contact Rating:4-Extreme(Corrosive)
Lab Protective Equip:GOGGLES&SHIELD;LAB COAT&APRON;VENT HOOD;PROPER GLOVES
Storage Color Code:White Stripe(Store Separately)
Potential Health Effects
Inhalation:
Severe irritant.Effects from inhalation of dust or mist vary from mild irritation to serious damage of the upper respiratory tract,depending on severity of
exposure.Symptoms may include sneezing,sore throat or runny nose.Severe pneumonitis may occur.
Ingestion:
Corrosive!Swallowing may cause severe burns of mouth,throat,and stomach.Severe scarring of tissue and death may result.Symptoms may include bleeding,
vomiting,diarrhea,fall in blood pressure.Damage may appear days after exposure.
Skin Contact:
Corrosive!Contact with skin can cause irritation or severe burns and scarring with greater exposures.
Eye Contact:
Corrosive!Causes irritation of eyes,and with greater exposures it can cause burns that may result in permanent impairment of vision,even blindness.
Chronic Exposure:
Prolonged contact with dilute solutions or dust has a destructive effect upon tissue.
Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions:
Persons with pre-existing skin disorders or eye problems or impaired respiratory function may be more susceptible to the effects of the substance.
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SODIUM HYDROXIDE Page 2 of 4
4.First Aid Measures
Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air.If not breathing,give artificial respiration.If breathing is difficult,give oxygen.Call a physician.
Ingestion:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING!Give large quantities of water or milk if available.Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.Get medical
attention immediately.
Skin Contact:
Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.Call a physician,immediately.Wash
clothing before reuse.
Eye Contact:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes,lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally.Get medical attention immediately.
Note to Physician:
Perform endoscopy in all cases of suspected sodium hydroxide ingestion.In cases of severe esophageal corrosion,the use of therapeutic doses of steroids should
be considered.General supportive measures with continual monitoring of gas exchange,acid-base balance,electrolytes,and fluid intake are also required.
5.Fire Fighting Measures
Fire:
Not considered to be a fire hazard.Hot or molten material can react violently with water.
Can react with certain metals,such as aluminum,to generate flammable hydrogen gas.
Explosion:
Not considered to be an explosion hazard.
Fire Extinguishing Media:
Use any means suitable for extinguishing surrounding fire.Adding water to caustic solution generates large amounts of heat.
Special Information:
In the event of a fire,wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand
or other positive pressure mode.
6.Accidental Release Measures
Ventilate area of leak or spill.Keep unnecessary and unprotected people away from area of spill.Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in
Section 8.Spills:Pick up and place in a suitable container for reclamation or disposal,using a method that does not generate dust.Do not flush caustic residues to
the sewer.Residues from spills can be diluted with water,neutralized with dilute acid such as acetic,hydrochloric or sulfuric.Absorb neutralized caustic residue
on clay,vermiculite or other inert substance and package in a suitable container for disposal.
US Regulations(CERCLA)require reporting spills and releases to soil,water and air in excess of reportable quantities.The toll free number for the US Coast
Guard National Response Center is(800)424-8802.
7.Handling and Storage
Keep in a tightly closed container.Protect from physical damage.Store in a cool,dry,ventilated area away from sources of heat,moisture and incompatibilities.
Always add the caustic to water while stirring;never the reverse.Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues
(dust,solids);observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.Do not store with aluminum or magnesium.Do not mix with acids or organic materials.
8.Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Airborne Exposure Limits:
-OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL):
2 mg/m3 Ceiling
-ACGIH Threshold Limit Value(TLV):
2 mg/m3 Ceiling
Ventilation System:
A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the Airbome Exposure Limits.Local exhaust ventilation is
generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source,preventing dispersion of it into the general work area.Please refer to the
ACGIH document,Industrial Ventilation,A Manual of Recommended Practices,most recent edition,for details.
Personal Respirators(NIOSH Approved):
If the exposure limit is exceeded and engineering controls are not feasible,a half facepiece particulate respirator(NIOSH type N95 or better filters)may be worn
for up to ten times the exposure limit or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier,whichever is
lowest..A full-face piece particulate respirator(NIOSH type N100 filters)may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit,or the maximum use concentration
specified by the appropriate regulatory agency,or respirator supplier,whichever is lowest.If oil particles(e.g.lubricants,cutting fluids,glycerine,etc.)are
present,use a NIOSH type R or P filter.For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known,use a full-facepiece positive-pressure,air-
supplied respirator.WARNING:Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres.
Skin Protection:
Wear impervious protective clothing,including boots,gloves,lab coat,apron or coveralls,as appropriate,to prevent skin contact.
Eye Protection:
Use chemical safety goggles and/or a full face shield where splashing is possible.Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
9.Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance:
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SODIUM HYDROXIDE Page 3 of 4
White,deliquescent pellets or flakes.
Odor:
Odorless.
Solubility:
111 g/l00 g of water.
Specific Gravity:
2.13
pH:
13-14(0.5%soln.)
%Volatiles by volume @ 21C(70F):
0
Boiling Point:
1390C(2534F)
Melting Point:
318C(604F)
Vapor Density(Air=1):
>1.0
Vapor Pressure(mm Hg):
Negligible.
Evaporation Rate(BuAc=1):
No information found.
10. Stability and Reactivity
Stability:
Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.Very hygroscopic.Can slowly pick up moisture from air and react with carbon dioxide from air to form
sodium carbonate.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Sodium oxide.Decomposition by reaction with certain metals releases flammable and explosive hydrogen gas.
Hazardous Polymerization:
Will not occur.
Incompatibilities:
Sodium hydroxide in contact with acids and organic halogen compounds,especially trichloroethylene,may causes violent reactions.Contact with nitromethane
and other similar nitro compounds causes formation of shock-sensitive salts.Contact with metals such as aluminum,magnesium,tin,and zinc cause formation of
flammable hydrogen gas.Sodium hydroxide,even in fairly dilute solution,reacts readily with various sugars to produce carbon monoxide.Precautions should be
taken including monitoring the tank atmosphere for carbon monoxide to ensure safety of personnel before vessel entry.
Conditions to Avoid:
Moisture,dusting and incompatibles.
11.Toxicological Information
Irritation data:skin,rabbit:500 mg/24H severe;eye rabbit:50 ug/24H severe;investigated as a mutagen.
\Cancer Lists\
---NTP Carcinogen---
Ingredient Known Anticipated IARC Category
Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2) No No None
12.Ecological Information
Environmental Fate:
No information found.
Environmental Toxicity:
No information found.
13.Disposal Considerations
Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be handled as hazardous waste and sent to a RCRA approved waste facility.Processing,use or
contamination of this product may change the waste management options.State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations.
Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal,state and local requirements.
14.Transport Information
Domestic(Land,D.O.T.)
Proper Shipping Name:SODIUM HYDROXIDE,SOLID
Hazard Class:8
UN/NA:UN1823
Packing Group:II
Information reported for product/size:300LB
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SODIUM HYDROXIDE Page 4 of 4
International(Water,I.M.O.)
Proper Shipping Name:SODIUM HYDROXIDE,SOLID
Hazard Class:8
UN/NA:UN1823
Packing Group:II
Information reported for product/size:300LB
15.Regulatory Information
\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 1\
Ingredient TSCA EC Japan Australia
Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2) Yes Yes Yes Yes
\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 2\
--Canada--
Ingredient Korea DSL NDSL Phil.
Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2) Yes Yes No Yes
\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\
-SARA 302- SARA 313
Ingredient RQ TPQ List Chemical Catg.
Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2) No No No No
\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\
-RCRA- -TSCA-
Ingredient CERCLA 261.33 8(d)
Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2) 1000 No No
Chemical Weapons Convention: No TSCA 12(b): No CDTA: No
SARA 311/312: Acute: Yes Chronic: No Fire: No Pressure: No
Reactivity: Yes (Pure / Solid)
Australian Hazchem Code:2R
Poison Schedule:S6
WHMIS:
This MSDS has been prepared according to the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations(CPR)and the MSDS contains all of the information
required by the CPR.
16. Other Information
NFPA Ratings:Health:3 Flammability:0 Reactivity:1
Label Hazard Warning:
POISON!DANGER!CORROSIVE.MAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED.HARMFUL IF INHALED.CAUSES BURNS TO ANY AREA OF CONTACT.
REACTS WITH WATER,ACIDS AND OTHER MATERIALS.
Label Precautions:
Do not get in eyes,on skin,or on clothing.
Do not breathe dust.
Keep container closed.
Use only with adequate ventilation.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Label First Aid:
If swallowed,DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.Give large quantities of water.Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.In case of contact,
immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.Wash clothing before reuse.If
inhaled,remove to fresh air.If not breathing give artificial respiration.If breathing is difficult,give oxygen.In all cases get medical attention immediately.
Product Use:
Laboratory Reagent.
Revision Information:
No Changes.
Disclaimer:
Mallinckrodt Baker,Inc.provides the information contained herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy.
This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product.
Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose.
MALLINCKRODT BAKER,INC.MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES,EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING
WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO
THE INFORMATION SET FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE INFORMATION REFERS.ACCORDINGLY,
MALLINCKRODT BAKER,INC.WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS
INFORMATION.
************************************************************************************************
Prepared by:Environmental Health&Safety
Phone Number:[phone](U.S.A.)
http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/s4034.htm 5/6/2010

Elos EOSioo
SAFETY DATA SHEET
EOS Remediation,LLC
Section 1: Identification
Product Name: EOS 100
Chemical Description: Mixture; vegetable oil-based
Manufacturer: EOS Remediation
1101 Nowell Road
Raleigh, NC 27607
(P): 919-873-2204
Recommended Use: Groundwater Bioremediation (environmental applications)
Restricted Use: Not for human consumption
24-Hour Emergency Contact: ChemTel: United States
(P): 800-255-3924
ChemTel: International
(P): 813-248-0585
Section 2: Hazard(s) Identification
Hazard Classification: Irritant (eye and skin)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statement(s): Potential eye and skin irritant.
Pictograms:
Precautionary Statement(s): Not for human consumption. Protect from freezing. Do not store near
excessive heat or oxidizers. Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Wear
protective gloves and eye protection.
Section 3: Composition/Information on Ingredients
Common Name(s) CAS NO. %by Weight
Soybean Oil 8001-22-7 85
Emulsifiers
Trade Secrets z Proprietary 15
1—The precise composition of this product is proprietary information. A more complete disclosure will be
provided to a physician in the event of a medical emergency.
2—The soluble substrates and emulsifiers are generally recognized as safe for food contact.
Section 4: First-Aid Measures
Routes of Exposure Emergency First-Aid Procedures
Inhalation Remove to fresh air.
Eye Contact Flush with water for 15 minutes; if irritation persists see a physician.
Dermal Wash with mild soap and water.
Ingestion Product is non-toxic. If nausea occurs, induce vomiting and seek medical
attention.
EOS Remediation, LLC

EOS ioo
SAFETY DATA SHEET
Section 5: Fire-Fighting Measures
Extinguishing Media: CO2, foam, dry chemical
Note: Water,fog and foam may cause frothing and spattering.
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical resistant clothing.
Use water spray to cool fire exposed containers.
Fire Hazard(s): Burning will cause oxides of carbon.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Personal Precautions: Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Do not consume.
Emergency Procedures: N/A
Methods & Materials used for Compatible granular absorbent
Containment:
Cleanup Procedures: Spread compatible granular absorbent over spill area and sweep using
broom and pan; dispose in appropriate receptacle. Clean area with water.
Section 7: Handling and Storage
Safe Handing&Storage: Do not store near excessive heat or oxidizers.
Other Precautions: Consumption of food and beverages should be prevented in work area
where product is being used.After handling product, always wash hands
and face thoroughly with soap and water before eating, drinking, or
smoking.
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Exposure Limits
OSHA PEL: Vegetable Oil Mist 15 mg/m3 (total)
5 mg/m3 (respirable)
ACGIH TLV: NE NE
NIOSH REL: Vegetable Oil Mist 10 mg/m3 (total)
5 mg/m3 (respirable)
Personal Protective Measures
Respiratory Protection: Not normally required. P95 respirator if aerosols might be generated.
Hand Protection: Protective gloves are recommended
Eye Protection: Recommended
Engineering Measures: Local exhaust ventilation if aerosols are generated
Hygiene Measures: Wash promptly with soap &water if skin becomes irritated from contact.
Other Protection: Wear appropriate clothing to prevent skin contact.
NE—Not Established
EOS Remediation, LLC 2

EOS ioo
SAFETY DATA SHEET
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance: Pale Yellow Explosive Limits: NE
Odor: Vegetable Oil Vapor Pressure: NE
Odor Threshold: NE Vapor Density: Heavier than air
pH: NE Relative Density: 0.92-0.93
Melting Point/Freezing Point: Liquid at room Solubility: Easily soluble &
temperature dispersible
Boiling Point: N/A Partition coefficient: NE
Flash Point: >600°F (316°C) Auto-ignition Temperature: NE
Evaporation Rate: NE Decomposition Temperature: N/A
Flammability(solid, gas): NE Viscosity: 50 cP
NE—Not Established
N/A— Non-Applicable
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity
Stability: Stable
Incompatibility: Strong acids and oxidizers
Hazardous Decomposition Thermal decomposition may produce oxides of carbon
Products:
Hazardous Will not occur
Reactions/Polymerization:
Conditions to Avoid: None known
Section 11:Toxicological Information
Likely Routes of Exposure: Ingestion, dermal and eye contact
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure: None known
Health Hazards
Acute: Potential eye and skin irritant
Chronic: None known
Carcinogenicity
NTP: No
IARC: No
OSHA: No
Section 12: Ecological Information (non-mandatory)
There is no data on the ecotoxicity of this product.
Section 13: Disposal Considerations (non-mandatory)
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose of according to Federal and local regulations for non-hazardous
waste.
EOS Remediation, LLC 3

EOS ioo
SAFETY DATA SHEET
Section 14:Transport Information (non-mandatory)
The product is not covered by international regulation on the transport of dangerous goods.
No transport warning required.
Section 15: Regulatory Information (non-mandatory)
N/A
Section 16: Other Information
Date of Preparation: 29 May 2014
Last Modified Date: 5 September 2014
The information contained herein is based on available data and is believed to be correct. However, EOS
Remediation, LLC makes no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding the accuracy of this data or the results to
be obtained thereof. This information and product are furnished on the condition that the person receiving
them shall make his/her own determination as to the suitability of the product for his/her particular purpose.
EOS Remediation, LLC 4

CS7REM
Site Recovery&Management
130 Research Lane,Suite 2 Guelph•Ontario• N1G 5G3• Canada • Tel: [phone]• Fax: [phone]
KB-I®Dechlorinator Material Safety Data Sheet
Section 1: Material Identification
Trade Name: KB-1®Dechlorinator
Chemical Family: bacterial mixture
Chemical name: No IUC name for mixture is known to exist
Manufacturer/Supplier: SiREM
130 Research Lane, Suite 2,
Guelph, Ontario,
Canada N1G 5G3
For Information call: 519-822-2265/ 1-866-251-1747
Emergency Number: 519-822-2265
Description: Microbial inoculum (non-pathogenic, non-hazardous)
Trade Name: KB-1® Dechlorinator
Product Use: Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater.
Date Prepared: 2 February 2005
Section 2: Composition, Information on Ingredients
KB1® Dechlorinator is a microbial culture grown in an aqueous dilute mineral salt solution media
containing no hazardous ingredients.
The microbial composition of KB-i® Dechlorinator (as determined by phylogenetic analysis) is
listed in Table 1. Identification of organisms was obtained by matching 16S rRNA gene sequence
of organisms in KB1® Dechlorinator to other known organisms. The characteristics of related
organisms can be used to identify potential or likely characteristics of organisms in KB1®
Dechlorinator.
Table 1. Genus'identified in KB-1®Dechlorinator Microbial Inoculum
Genus
Dehalococcoides sp.
Geobacter sp.
Methanomethylovorans sp.
Section 3: Hazards Identification:
A review of the available data does not indicate any known health effects related to normal use of
this product.
Section 4: First Aid Measures:
Avoid direct contact with skin and eyes. In any case of any exposure which elicits a response, a
physician should be consulted immediately.

CS7REM
Site Recovery&Management
130 Research Lane,Suite 2 Guelph•Ontario• N1G 5G3• Canada • Tel: [phone]• Fax: [phone]
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lift upper and lower
eyelids, if undue irritation or redness occurs seek medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and
antibacterial soap. Seek medical attention if irritation develops or open wounds are present.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, drink several cups of water, seek medical attention.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. In case of labored
breathing give oxygen. Call a physician.
Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures:
Non-flammable
Flash Point: not applicable
Upper flammable limit: not applicable
Lower flammable limit: not applicable
Section 6—Accidental Release Procedures
Spilled KB-1®Dechlorinator should be soaked up with sorbant and saturated with a 10%
bleach solution (prepared by making a one in ten dilution of diluted standard bleach
[normally sold at a strength of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite] to disinfect affected surfaces.
Sorbant should be double bagged and disposed of as indicated in section 12. After
removal of sorbant, area should be washed with 10% bleach solution to disinfect. If liquid
from the culture vessel is present on the fittings, non-designated tubing or exterior of the
stainless steel pressure vessel liquid should be wiped off and the area washed with 10%
bleach solution.
Section 7 - Handling and Storage
KB-1® Dechlorinator is shipped in stainless steel pressure vessels and connected to
injection lines and inert gas is used to pressurize the vessel to displace the contents. KB-
1 R Dechlorinator should be handled with care to avoid any spillage. Vessels are shipped
with 1 pound per square inch (psi) pressure; valves should not be opened until
connections to appropriate lines for subsurface injection are in place.
Storage Requirements: Avoid exposing stainless steel pressure vessels to undue
temperature extremes (i.e., temperatures less than 0°C or greater than 30°C may result
in harm to the microbial cultures and damage to the vessels). All valves should be in the
closed position when the vessel is not pressurized to prevent the escape of gases and to
maintain anaerobic conditions in the vessel. Avoid exposure of the culture to air as the
presence of oxygen will kill dechlorinating microorganisms.
Section 8 - Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Personal protective equipment:
Skin: Protective gloves (latex, vinyl or nitrile)should be worn.
Eye Protection: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or goggles when opening
pressure vessels valves or when pressurizing vessels to inject contents into the
subsurface.
Respiratory: No respiratory protection is required.
Engineering Controls: Good general room ventilation is expected to be adequate.

(111, 7RE114
Site Recovery&Management
130 Research Lane,Suite 2 Guelph•Ontario• N1G 5G3• Canada • Tel: [phone]• Fax: [phone]
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties:
Physical State: liquid
Odour: skunky odour
Appearance: dark grey, slightly turbid liquid under anaerobic conditions, pink if exposed
to air(oxygen).
Specific gravity: not determined
Vapor pressure: not applicable
Vapor density: not applicable
Evaporation rate: not determined
Boiling point: -100° C
Freezing point/melting point: - 0°C
pH: 6.5-7.5
Solubility: fully soluble in water
Section 10-Stability and Reactivity Data
Stable and non-reactive.
Maintain under anaerobic conditions to preserve product integrity.
Materials to avoid: none known
Section 11 -Toxicological Information
Potential for Pathogenicity:
KBi® Dechlorinator has tested negative (i.e., the organisms are not present) for a variety of
pathogenic organisms listed in Table 2. While there is no evidence that virulent pathogenic
organisms are present in KB-i® Dechlorinator, there is potential that certain organisms in KB-i®
Dechlorinator may have the potential to act as opportunistic (mild) pathogens, particularly in
individuals with open wounds and/or compromised immune systems. For this reason standard
hygienic procedures such as hand washing after use should be observed.
Table 2, Results of Human Pathogen Screening of KB-1®Dechlorinator
Organism Disease(s)Caused Test result
Salmonella sp. Typhoid fever, gastroenteritis Not Detected
•
Listeria monocytogenes Listerioses Not Detected
Vibrio sp., Cholera, gastroenteritis Not Detected
Campylobacter sp., Bacterial diarrhea Not Detected
Clostridia sp., Food poisoning, Botulism, tetanus, gas gangrene Not Detected
Bacillus anthracis Anthrax Not Detected
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound infection Not Detected
Yersinia sp., Bubonic Plague, intestinal infection Not Detected
Yeast and Mold Candidiasis, Yeast infection etc. Not Detected
•
Fecal coliforms Indicator organisms for many human pathogens diarrhea, Not Detected
urinary tract infections
Enterococci Various opportunistic infections Not Detected

CS7REM
Site Recovery&Management
130 Research Lane,Suite 2 Guelph•Ontario• N1G 5G3• Canada • Tel: [phone]• Fax: [phone]
Section 12. Disposal Considerations
Material must be disinfected or sterilized prior to disposal. Consult local regulations prior to
disposal.
Section 13—Transport Information
Non-hazardous, non-pathogenic microbial inoculum— Biosafety Risk Group 1.
Chemicals, Not Otherwise Indexed (NOI), Non-hazardous
Not subject to TDG or DOT guidelines.
Disclaimer:
The information provided on the MSDS sheet is based on current data and represents
our opinion based on the current standard of practice as to the proper use and handling
of this product under normal, reasonably foreseeable conditions.
Last revised: 24 June 2008

Appendix B - Electron Donor Demand Calculations and Design Basis

Table 1.Estimate of EAD Treatment Zone Conditions
Former Clifton Precision Site,Murphy,NC
Parameter Value Units Symbol Basis/comments
Aquifer hydraulic conductivity(K): 2.52E-03 cm/sec K Estimate of K value,weighted average
Aquifer hydraulic conductivity(K): 7.1 ft/day K
Aquifer hydraulic conductivity(K): 54 gal/d/ft2 K
Assumed total porosity: 0.20
Correction factor for impacted preferential flow: 0.20 Impacted preferential flow%of total porosity
Aquifer thickness targeted depth of the plume 48 feet d
Well screen length in aquifer: 48 feet
Transmissivity 2,574 gal/d/ft T(Kxd)
Groundwater gradient: 0.0203 i Current RW-4 pumping conditions
Groundwater velocity under gradient noted: 0.727 feet/day Current RW-4 pumping conditions
Groundwater velocity under gradient noted: 265.179 feet/year Current RW-4 pumping conditions
100 days travel time distance: 73 feet
Induced gradient multiplier: 1
Induced groundwater gradient: 0.0203 Current RW-4 pumping conditions
Groundwater velocity under gradient noted: 0.727 feet/day
Groundwater velocity under gradient noted: 22 feet/month
Groundwater velocity under gradient noted: 265 feet/year
Plume width in AOC: 184 feet
Total targeted plume length: 184 feet
Localized targeted treatment area length: 184 feet
Total area of plume targeted: 34,000 SF
Total impacted water volume: 2,448,000 gallons
Flow across plume sectional area: 6.7 gpm Flow across width of treatment area
Batch injected water volume into treatment area: 489,600 gallons Injection volume into preferential flow paths
Current conditions targeted volume turn-over time: 254 days
Desired injected batch turn-over time: 254 days
Batch injection interval: 30 days
Batch injection volume per event: 57,872 gal
Number of injection points: 100 wells
Average targeted volume per injection point: 579 gal/well
Total linear feet of injection wells: 7,668 feet Includes all electrode and new wells
Targeted volume per linear foot of injection well: 8 gal/LF well
I:\Murphy-NC\Portland\NG-Murphy flow and loading calcs.xlsxT-1-Exln

Table 2. Estimate of Yearly Substrate Requirements
Former Clifton Precision Site,Murphy,NC
Competing aqueous phase native electron acceptors
wt/Targeted total water volume(gallons) Average C Mass Demand H2 Demand mEquiv
2,448,000 (mg/I) (Ibs) (wt/wt Hz) (Ibs)
Oxygen 4 81.6 7.9 10.33 4
Nitrate 1 20.4 10.2 2.00 5
Sulfate 40 816.4 10.6 77.02 8
Carbon dioxide(estimated as mass of 50 1020.4 5.5 185.54 8
methane produced)
Competing aqueous phase native electron acceptor demand(lbs Hi): 274.89
Competing solid phase native electron acceptors
wt/Impacted water volume(gallons) Average C Mass Demand H2 Demand mEquiv
2,448,000 (mg/I) (Ibs) (wt/wt Hz) (Ibs)
Iron(estimated as solubilized Fe') 100 2040.9 55.9 36.51 1
Manganese(estimated as solubilized Mn°') 5 102.0 27.5 3.71 2
Competing solid phase native electron acceptor demand(lbs Hi): 40.22
Soluble contaminant electron acceptors
Impacted water volume(gallons) Koc Kd Rf Average C Mass flux Mass wt/wt H2 H2 Demand mEquiv MW KOH 30% 50
Demand demand KOH KOH
2,448,000 mL/g (mg/I) (lbs/day) (Ibs/year) (Ibs) (wt/wt Hu) (Ibs) (g/moI) (mots) (gal) (gal)
PCE 263 0.263 3.1 1 0.0353 13 20.4 20.6 0.99 8 166 56 2 1
TCE 107 0.107 1.9 4 0.2356 86 81.6 21.7 3.76 6 131 283 11 6
cis-DCE 45 0.045 1.4 0.5 0.0401 15 10.2 24 0.43 4 97 48 2 1
VC 3 0.003 1.0 0 0.0000 0 0.0 31 0.00 2 62 0
Carbon tetra. 224 0.224 2.8 0 0.0000 0 0.0 25.4 0.00 8
Chloroform 63 0.063 1.5 0 0.0000 0 0.0 12.3 0.00 6
1,1,1-TCA 105 0.105 1.8 0 0.0000 0 0.0 22 0.00 6 133 0
1,1-DCA 30 0.03 1.2 0 0.0000 0 0.0 25 0.00 4 99 0
1,1-DCE 65 0.065 1.5 0 0.0000 0 0.0 24 0.00 4 97 0
foc: 0.001 5.5 0.3 114 112 15 8
Dissolved TVOC electron acceptor 5.18
Adsorbed contaminant electron acceptors
KOH
Impacted aquifer mass(kg): Koc Average C Mass DwVwt emand H2 Demand mEquiv MW demand 30%KOH 50%KOH
93,978,000 mL/g (mg/kg) (Ibs) (wt/wt Hz) (Ibs) (g/mol) (mots) (gal) (gal)
PCE 263 0.263 54.4 20.6 2.64 8 166 149 6 3
TCE 107 0.428 88.6 21.7 4.08 6 131 307 12 6
cis-DCE 45 0.0225 4.7 24 0.19 4 97 22 1 0
VC 3 0 0.0 31 0.00 2 62 0
Carbon tetra. 224 0 0.0 25.4 0.00 8
Chloroform 63 0 0.0 12.3 0.00 6
1,1,1-TCA 105 0 0.0 22 0.00 6 133 0
1,1-DCA 30 0 0.0 25 0.00 4 99 0
1,1-DCE 65 0 0.0 24 0.00 4 97 0
foc: 0.001 148 18 9
Adsorbed TVOC electron acceptor demand(lbs H2): 6.92
Total electron acceptor demand(lbs Hz): 327
Turn-over volumes per year 1.4 volumes
Low Efficiency Factor: 50
Total electron acceptor demand(lbs Hu): 23,528
selected substrate: methanol 100%
substrate hydrogen yield: 0.1875 lbs/lb
substrate required with safety factor: 125,483 pounds
substrate required with safety factor: 18,979 gallons @ $1.5 $28,469
resultant TOC if fully added and mixed: 2,302 mg/L TOC
Methanol totes @345 gal/tote: 55 totes
Methanol totes per month: 5 totes/month
total amount of 30%KOH needed: 33 gallons 354
Rate to add KOH per 345 gallons MeOH: 0.6 gal KOH/345 gal MeOH
total amount of DAP needed: 2586 pounds
Rate to add DAP per 200 gallons MeOH: 20 pounds/200 gal MeOH