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Home My WebLink About20020694 Ver 1_Monitoring Report Year 4_200905211 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 RECEIVED FEB 1 7 2009 Little Bugaboo Creek Stream Restoration NC ECOSYSTEM 2008 Final Monitoring Report ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM Monitoring Year Four Prepared by: URS Corporation - North Carolina 1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 400 Morrisville, NC 27560 Project Manager: Kathleen McKeithan kathleen_mckeithan@urscorp.com 919-461-1597 February 17, 2009 0a06 44 y C e0os 1009 ENHANCEA'16?4-r PROGRAM Ecosystem Enhancement Program Project Number 00056 n' F 7 L 1 1 1 1 Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary/Project Abstract .............................................................................................. l 2.0 Project Background ........................................................................................................................ ..3 2.1 Project Objectives ...................................................................................................................... ..3 2.2 Project Structure, Mitigation Type, and Approach .................................................................... ..3 2.3 Location and Setting .................................................................................................................. ..3 2.4 Project History and Background ................................................................................................ .. 6 2.5 Monitoring Plan View ............................................................................................................... .. 9 3.0 Project Condition and Monitoring Results ..................................................................................... 16 3.1 Vegetation Assessment .............................................................................................................. 16 3.1.1 Vegetation Problem Areas ................................................................................................ 16 3.1.2 Vegetation Current Condition Plan View ......................................................................... 16 3.2 Stream Assessment .................................................................................................................... 16 3.2.1 Procedural Items ............................................................................................................... 16 3.2.1.1 Morphometric Criteria .................................................................................................. 16 3.2.1.2 Hydrologic Criteria ....................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Stream Problem Areas ...................................................................................................... 18 3.2.3 Fixed Photo Station Photos ............................................................................................... 19 3.2.4 Stability Assessment ......................................................................................................... 19 3.2.5 Quantitative Measures Tables (Morphology and Hydrology) .......................................... 19 4.0 Methodology Section ..................................................................................................................... 28 4.1 Stream Methodology ................................................................................................................. 28 4.2 Vegetation Methodology ................................................................... .... 28 5.0 References ...................................................................................................................................... 30 List of Tables Table I: Project Mitigation Structure and Objectives Table ........................................................................6 Table II: Project Activity and Reporting History ....................................................................... .................. 7 Table III: Project Contact Table ................................................................................................. ..................7 Table IV: Project Background Table ......................................................................................... .................. 8 Table V: Verification of Bankfull Events .................................................................................. ................17 Table VI: Categorical Stream Feature Visual Stability Assessment (% Functioning) ............... ................19 Table VII: Baseline Morphology and Hydraulic Summary ....................................................... ................20 Table VIII: Morphology and Hydraulic Monitoring Summary ................................................. ................24 Table A1: Vegetation Metadata ................................................................................................. Appendix A Table A2: Vegetation Vigor by Species .................................................................................... Appendix A Table A3: Vegetation Damage by Species ................................................................................ Appendix A Table A4: Vegetation Damage by Plot ...................................................................................... Appendix A Table A5: Stem Count by Plot and Species ............................................................................... Appendix A Table A6: Vegetation Problem Areas ........................................................................................ Appendix A Table B 1: Stream Problem Areas ............................................................................................... .Appendix B Table 132: Visual Morphological Stability Assessment ............................................................. .Appendix B 00056- Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 ' List .. of .. Figures Figure 1: Project Vicinity .............................. .........................................................................................5 Figure 2: Monitoring Plan View ................................................................................................................10 Figure 3: USGS Stream Gage Discharge Data ........................................................................... .............18 Figure 4: Vegetation Current Condition Plan View ................................................................... Appendix A Figure 5: Stream Current Condition Plan View ..........................................................................Appendix B List of Appendices Appendix A: Vegetation Raw Data Appendix A-I: Vegetation Survey Data Tables Appendix A-II: Vegetation Problem Area Photos Appendix A-III: Vegetation Current Condition Plan View ' Appendix A-IV: Vegetation Monitoring Plot Photos Appendix B: Geomorphic Raw Data Appendix B-I: Stream Current Condition Plan View Appendix B-II: Stream Problem Areas Data Table ' Appendix B-11I: Representative Stream Problem Area Photos Appendix B-IV: Stream Photo Station Photos Appendix B-V: Visual Morphological Stability Assessment Table Appendix B-VI: Cross Section Photos and Plots Appendix B-VII: Longitudinal Profile Plot Appendix B-VIII: Pebble Count Frequency Distribution Plots 1 1 1 ii 00056- Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 1 1 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY/PROJECT ABSTRACT URS Corporation (URS) was retained by the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) to conduct stream monitoring at the Little Bugaboo Creek stream restoration project, located in Wilkes County, North Carolina. The stream monitoring effort conducted by URS in December of 2008 represents Monitoring Year (MY) Four for this project. Prior to the monitoring effort, URS received a digital As-Built drawing for the project site from EEP. In addition, URS received an As-Built/Monitoring Year One Report prepared by EarthTech (EarthTech 2005), and a Year One Monitoring Report prepared by EcoLogic Associates, P.C (EcoLogic 2006). EEP, formerly the Wetlands Restoration Program (WRP), identified Little Bugaboo Creek and an Unnamed Tributary to Little Bugaboo Creek as potential stream restoration sites in 2002. The existing channels were actively eroding due to unlimited cattle access and lack of streamside vegetation. The design used a Priority Level II restoration approach. Little Bugaboo Creek and the Unnamed Tributary were designed as type C channels. A total of 6,230 linear feet of stream channel was restored. Prior to restoration, the pastures adjacent to the channel consisted of fescue with sparse trees along drainages. The banks along much of the reach were vertical and supported little to no vegetation. The main channel was classified as types Bc, C, E, and F because the channel was downcutting and was eroding its banks to establish a floodplain at a lower elevation. ' The Priority II restoration involved increasing the existing length and providing a floodplain. Cross vanes and rootwads were incorporated for aquatic habitat enhancement and bed and bank stability. A 50-foot riparian buffer was planted on both sides of the restored stream channel. 1 1 1 Th boo Creek restoration site is ' dition. The site continues to have areas of severe bank erosion, are banks, accelerated channel widening, and associated aggradation. While the majority of the rock structures are functioning properly and providing crucial grade control, several of them are failing. These problems may be due to any number of reasons, and are likely due to a combination of several factors. In some areas, the failure of the vegetation has likely contributed to the excessive bank erosion. Overall, the bed features are in good condition with many riffles and pools. During 2008 (MY4) monitoring a large sediment plume was observed at the top of the project on Little Bugaboo Creek. It extends approximately 100 feet into the project reach. The plume can be seen on the 2008 longitudinal profile provided in Appendix B-VIII. URS conducted 2006 (MY2) and 2007 (MY3) monitoring for the site. During both years the most serious problem with the site was the presence of beavers. Not only were the beavers destroying the streamside planted vegetation, they were also changing the nature of the channel. It appeared as if the site supported a fairly large beaver population. The number and size of the beaver dams increased dramatically between 2006 and 2007. During 2008 (MY4) monitoring only one small beaver dam was observed. The dam is on the mainstem and appears to be inactive. It is not creating a large amount of backwater. No new stem chew was observed along either channel. It appears as if the beavers have abandoned the site since 2007 (MY3) monitoring. The 2006 (MY3) monitoring data showed a narrowing trend when compared with the cross section data from the 2005 (MY I) Monitoring Report (EarthTech, June 2005). The cross section data for 2007 (MY3) are very similar to the 2006 (MY2) data. In general the cross sectional area, bankfull width, and width to depth ratios decreased in 2006 and have slightly increased in 2007 (MY3); however, both sets of data remain below 2005 (MY1) data. 2008 (MY4) width-to-depth ratios are remaining below 12 and 1 00050 Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 entrenchment ratios are remaining above 2.2. Due to the lack of bankfull indicators in a relatively new ' system, bankfull was typically placed near the top of bank for monitoring analysis. Vegetation survival at the site is poor. According to the 2005 (MY1) Monitoring Report, five of the ' vegetation plots were significantly disturbed due to repair activities along Little Bugaboo Creek. The plots disturbed by channel repairs were replanted, but plantings appear to be concentrated close to the channel, leaving much of the upper floodplain/upland void of woody vegetation. The 2005 (MY 1) ' Monitoring Report (EcoLogic 2006) found insufficient stems to fulfill US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) requirements. The 2006 (MY2) Monitoring Report (URS 2007), the 2007 (MY3) Monitoring Report (URS 2008), and the 2008 (MY4) monitoring effort found half of the vegetation plots had insufficient stems to fulfill USACE requirements. In addition, it appears that cows from the adjacent ' pastures are entering the conservation easement near the crossing at the top of the project reach. The buffer area on both banks has been grazed and a cow was observed within the easement on December 16, 2008. ' Herbaceous grasses and herbs dominated much of the buffer area during the 2008 (MY4) monitoring event. Common species include wiregrass (Aristida spp.), dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium), goldenrod (Solidago spp.), and bluestem (Andropogon spp.). In addition, fescue (Festuca sp.) is widespread along the fencelines to the adjoining pastures. Taxonomy follows `Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and surrounding areas' (Weakley 2007). URS recommends testing site soils, fertilizing where necessary based on soil tests, and replanting stems in areas unlikely to meet survivability 1 requirements for mitigation credit. 1 1 1 1 00050 Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 ' 2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 2.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES The main objective of the restoration project was to construct a stable meander geometry, modify the channel cross sections, and establish a floodplain at the existing stream elevation, thus restoring a stable dimension, pattern, and profile. Specific project objectives included the following: 1 1 f 1 1 1 1 1. Restore 4,276 linear feet of Little Bugaboo Creek and 1,954 linear feet of an Unnamed Tributary to Little Bugaboo Creek; 2. Provide a stable stream channel that neither aggrades nor degrades while maintaining its dimension, pattern, and profile with the capacity to transport its watershed's water and sediment load; 3. Improve water quality and reduce further property loss by stabilizing eroding stream banks; 4. Reconnect the stream to its floodplain or establish a new floodplain at a lower elevation; 5. Improve aquatic habitat with the use of natural material stabilization structures such as root wads, rock vanes, woody debris and a riparian buffer, and 6. Provide aesthetic value, wildlife habitat and a bank stability through the creation or enhancement of a riparian zone. 2.2 PROJECT STRUCTURE, MITIGATION TYPE, AND APPROACH Prior to restoration, the pastures adjacent to the channel consisted of fescue with sparse trees along drainages. The banks along much of the reach were vertical and supported little to no vegetation. The main channel was classified as stream types Bc, C, E, and F stream because the channel was downcutting and was eroding its banks to establish a floodplain at a lower elevation. The Priority II restoration involved increasing the existing stream length and providing a floodplain. Cross vanes and rootwads were incorporated for aquatic habitat enhancement and bed and bank stability. A 50-foot riparian buffer was planted using native vegetation. Cattle were fenced from the riparian area. Little Bugaboo Creek was designed as a type C channel and the Unnamed Tributary was designed as type C and F channels. A total of 6,230 linear feet of stream channel was restored. 2.3 LOCATION AND SETTING Little Bugaboo Creek is located on agricultural land approximately seven miles east-northeast of North Wilkesboro, just northwest of the town of Ronda in Wilkes County, North Carolina (Figure 1). The headwaters of the project originate approximately three miles to the north-northwest of the restoration site. From the headwaters, Little Bugaboo Creek flows for approximately four miles before its confluence with Big Bugaboo Creek. An Unnamed Tributary to Little Bugaboo Creek enters Little Bugaboo Creek at the end of the project site. The headwaters of the Unnamed Tributary originate approximately 1.6 miles from the restoration site. From its headwaters, the Unnamed Tributary flows for approximately 2.5 miles before the confluence with Little Bugaboo Creek. To travel to the site from Raleigh, take I-40 West towards Greensboro. Merge onto US-421 North via Exit 188 toward Yadkinville/Wilkesboro Take the Red White and Blue Road Exit - Exit 276 toward NC- 268/Mathis Farm Road. Turn right at Red White and Blue Road. Follow signs to NC-268/Roaring River. Make a right on NC-268, and then a left shortly after onto White Plains Road. The site is located between N Hoots Road and Tharpe Road. To access the mainstem, make a right onto N Hoots Road off of White Plains Road. The site can be accessed through a chicken farm on the left side of the road. To access the Unnamed Tributary, make a right on Tharpe Road from White Plains Road. The site is on the right side of the road and can be accessed through a farm gate that leads into a cattle pasture. 00050 Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 The project is contained within the property of five landowners. The project reach is bound to the north by Tharpe Road. Hoots Road runs south of the project reach. 1 r 1 I r 1 J 1 4 00050 Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 Prepared By URS Corporation - North Carolina 1600 Perimeter Park Drive Suite 400 Morrisville, NC 27560 Phone: 91946 .1100 Fax: 919-461-1415 Prepared For: NC Ecorystem Enhancement Program Project: Little Bugaboo Creek Monitorin Year: g Figure 1 Y Stream Restoration 4 (2008) Legend o Project Vicinity j y Wilkes County, NC � Project Reach Project Number: Date: tem City Boundary 0 0.5 1 call 'elllelit 00056 February 2009 mmn==3mm= Miles \.n '� + , Ift - W � Qr in , 4 f ILL 1a vt 14 Prepared By URS Corporation - North Carolina 1600 Perimeter Park Drive Suite 400 Morrisville, NC 27560 Phone: 91946 .1100 Fax: 919-461-1415 Prepared For: NC Ecorystem Enhancement Program Project: Little Bugaboo Creek Monitorin Year: g Figure 1 Y Stream Restoration 4 (2008) Legend o Project Vicinity j y Wilkes County, NC � Project Reach Project Number: Date: tem City Boundary 0 0.5 1 call 'elllelit 00056 February 2009 mmn==3mm= Miles ?I 1 1 1 1 1 r? J 1 1 2.4 PROJECT HISTORY AND BACKGROUND The Little Bugaboo Creek Stream Restoration project was designed by EarthTech and constructed in the fall and winter of 2003 to 2004. The As-built/Monitoring Year 1 Report was completed by EarthTech in June 2005. 2005 (MY1) Monitoring was conducted by EcoLogic in February of 2006. 2006 (MY2) Monitoring was conducted by URS in the fall of 2006, and 2007 (MY3) Monitoring was conducted by URS. The estimated restoration length was 6,230 linear feet. This length includes 4,276 feet of Little Bugaboo Creek and 1,954 feet of an Unnamed Tributary to Little Bugaboo Creek. Historically, a mill and dam were located approximately 150 feet below the confluence of Little Bugaboo Creek and the Unnamed Tributary. The mill dam backed up water within approximately half of the project reach. Both streams had incised down to bedrock through the alluvial sediments of the historic pond. The dam was removed near the beginning of the 20th Century. Relict dam sediments within the project reach could be attributable to the site's erosion rates. Land use throughout the restoration site is agricultural. The primary use is cattle production and the spreading of chicken litter. Fences within the project area did not restrict cattle access to streams and drainages in the area. Cattle access to the stream and riparian areas resulted in streambank erosion prior to restoration. Continual grazing limited the ability of vegetation to reestablish itself along the majority of the reach. Additional degradation resulted from historic channelization of both reaches. Table I: Proiect Mitigation Structure and Obiectives Table Little Bugaboo Creek EEP Project Number 00056 O d C ? V '? -K ? o q oC°io O bA p ;; ? a Comment a+ ? ? ? = F" . GL a °o W v? Unnamed 1,892 R PII 2,243 0+00 to 19+54 Tributary Little 4,478 R PII 4,677 0+00 to 42+76 Bugaboo Creek * Existing Feet were measured from existing topography on design plans provided by EEP. **Linear Footage is derived from the 2008 (MY4) longitudinal profile conducted by URS. *** Stationing follows the 2005 (MYI) Monitoring Report (EcoLogic 2006). R = Restoration El = Enhancement Ell = Enhancement II S = Stabilization PI = Priority I PII = Priority II PIII = Priority III SS = Stream Bank Stabilization 00056- Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 i 1 1 Table TL• Prniect Activitv and Rennrtinu Hictnrv Little Bugaboo Creek EEP Project Number 00056 Activity or Report Scheduled Completion Data Collection Complete Actual Completion or Delivery Restoration Plan April 2002 Unknown April 2002 Construction 2003 Unknown 2003/2004 Permanent seed mix applied 2004 Unknown 2004 Live stakes and woody plants 2004 Unknown 2004 Final Walk Through Unknown Unknown Unknown As-Built Report/Mitigation Plan 2004 Unknown June 2005 Year 1 Monitoring October 2005 February 2006 June 2006 Year 2 Monitoring October 2006 November 2006 January 2007 Year 3 Monitoring October 2007 November 2007 January 2008 Year 4 Monitoring December 2008 December 2008 December 2008 Repair and Replanting Unknown Ongoing - February 2009 Ongoing Year 5 Monitoring -- -- -- Table TTT! Prniect C'.nntart Tahlp Little Bugaboo Creek EEP Project Number 00056 Designer EarthTech of NC, Inc. 701 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 475 Raleigh, NC 27607 Primary project design POC Bill Jenkins PE, RLA 919-854-6228 Construction Contractor Dixie Grading and Equipment Company 5228 W US HWY 421 Wilkesboro, NC 28697 Construction contractor POC Randall Miles 336-973-7281 Planting Contractor Carolina Environmental PO Box 1905 Mt. Airy, NC 27030 Planting contractor POC Joanne Chetham 336-320-3849 Seeding Contractor Carolina Environmental PO Box 1905 Mt. Airy, NC 27030 Seeding contractor POC Joanne Chetham 336-320-3849 Seed Mix Sources Unknown 7 00056- Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 ?I 1 1 1 u 1 1 Nursery Stock Suppliers Unknown Monitoring Performers - 2004 Earth Tech of North Carolina 701 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 475 Raleigh NC 27607 Monitoring POC Ron Johnson 919-854-6210 Monitoring Performers - 2005 (MY I) EcoLogic Associates, P.C. 4321-A S. Elm-Eugene St. Greensboro, NC 27406 Monitoring POC Kyle Hoover 336-335-1108 Monitoring Performers - 2006 (MY2) URS Corporation - North Carolina 1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 400 Morrisville, NC 27560 Monitoring POC Kathleen McKeithan 919-461-1100 Monitoring Performers - 2007 (MY3) URS Corporation -North Carolina 1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 400 Morrisville, NC 27560 Monitoring POC Kathleen McKeithan 919-461-1100 Monitoring Performers - 2008 (MY4) URS Corporation -North Carolina 1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 400 Morrisville, NC 27560 Monitoring POC Kathleen McKeithan 919-461-1100 Repair and Replanting Contractor - Unknown Unknown Tnhlp IV- Praiprt Rackarnnndl Tahlp Little Bugaboo Creek EEP Project Number 00056 Project County Wilkes County Drainage Area 3.45 square miles Little Bugaboo 1.4 square miles Unnamed Tributary Drainage impervious cover estimate (%) 2 Stream Order 3rd Little Bugaboo 3rd Unnamed Tributary Physiographic Region Piedmont/Foothills Ecoregion Northern Inner Piedmont (45e) Rosgen Classification of As-Built C 8 00050 Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dominant soil types Chewacla and Rion Reference site ID Basin Creek USGS HUC for Project and Reference 03040101 NCDWQ Sub-basin for Project and Reference 05050001 NCDWQ classification for Project and Reference 03-07-01 -Project Any portion of any project segment 303d listed? No Any portion of any project segment upstream of a 303d listed segment? No Reasons for 303d listing or stressor NA % of project easement fenced 100% 2.5 MONITORING PLAN VIEW See Figure 2 for Monitoring Plan View. 9 00050 Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 r Glol-l9V (6161 %My OOII-l9V (6161 3J0-1tl3-131 co O9S2Z DVIIOJDO UPON 'af/fAS/JJOn N b' I d 1.3 o anfJp 4JDd Ja/awlJad 0091 ° w Y 9 L5 z Q - 'D i DU//OIDO y/JON - UOf{OJOdIOO $?/n (31111 w W i8Od38 ONIdOiINOW 8002 w NOIlG801S32i Wd32ilS M8noS38 lvanlvN 31vU 'ON San ONV 1N3WN081AN3 JO o F u W SNOISIA32i 009vOn9 331113 1N3YIlaVd3O VNI108VO H18ON PadDdeJd °173fONd °1N3110 O N M O N r1 a >9 a w w co 0 w 0 a z z a J IL z 0 w 0 a a w a m r r ¦? r ?¦ r? ?¦¦ . ri r¦ r r r r r ?¦ r r G1at-t9? 16161 XYd 001 I-191 16161 34D•t:f3131 OZ.10 DulloJDO WON '8111A91JJOH MDA NVld ONIHODNOW titd?ti151).7,f c ? o an//p JJDd iaMUMOd 0091 N ° W Y ° _ DulloiDO uJ/oN - uollDlodlo0 Stln :31iu ¢ u i 'm o W o g - cr L, 1dOd32i 9N12i011NOW 8002 ° W ~ .4 ¢ ° W s3aanos3a ivanlvN o a o 31V0 'ON Wan NOIldbOlS3a AV38iS ONV 1N3WNOalAN3 JO W SNOISIA32i ooevons 31llil LN3HlVd3a IN1108VO H18ON IQ QaJDdOi f t1J3fow 11N31.0 23±85 o SIN MpZ CH \'\NE 00 X M s x N k it x 1 4 W \\ ,{ p A \ Ad, I i T m? 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U _ all o o: o 1dod3d ON180ilNOW 800Z v 5 W zW a°o Y 31TO •oN bull OliV OiS38 Wd3alS S33anOS38 lV8n1VN ONV 1N3MOWAN3 30 a: c Y o W SNOISIA38 f aJO(ja OOadonO 311.111 1N3MIlaVd30 VNIIOaVO H18ON q Q Jd i1MP0ild 11N31V CA A w U m U a' CA 2W y in -?S i6 L_- I Y 0 m 0 V O II o 0 C'J O Y a m M. ? r ? r r r ?¦ ¦ir ¦? +? ?r ¦?¦ ¦? ¦? ?¦r ¦¦? r r r 3.0 PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS 3.1 VEGETATION ASSESSMENT ' 3.1.1 VEGETATION PROBLEM AREAS No Vegetative Problem Areas were identified during 2005 (MYI) Monitoring. Notes provided on the Vegetative Problem Areas Plan View were as follows: • No significant vegetation problems were noted on the intact banks or in the easement corridor, though eroded banks will obviously need replanting when stream repairs are made. • Vegetation problems were assessed without an as-built species list or planting plan, thus species ' survival and mortality rates could not be evaluated. • Scattered but widespread occurrences of emerging Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and multiflora rose (Rosa multiora) were noted throughout the corridor, which will become problematic if not treated. Adjacent areas are infested with Chinese privet, so this will likely be a recurring management challenge. Twenty-two Vegetative Problem Areas were found at the Little Bugaboo site during the 2006 (MY2) monitoring. Twenty-five Vegetative Problem Areas were found at the Little Bugaboo site during the 2007 (MY3) monitoring. Sixteen Vegetative Problem areas were noted at the Little Bugaboo site during the 2008 (MY4) monitoring. Major issues included bare banks as a result of erosion and scour and poor survivability. Additionally, Chinese privet is populating the streambanks and floodplain. Herbaceous grasses and herbs dominated much of the buffer area during the 2008 (MY4) monitoring event. Thick mats of herbaceous vegetation were observed outside of the stream banks. Common species include wiregrass, dogfennel, goldenrod, 1 and bluestem. It is likely that the presence and density of the above-mentioned native herbs is to blame for size and survivability issues. The small planted stems are not successfully competing for space, light, and nutrients. The Vegetative Problem Areas Tables are located in Appendix A-I. Vegetative Problem Area Photos are located in Appendix A-11. 3.1.2 VEGETATION CURRENT CONDITION PLAN VIEW See Appendix A-III for the Vegetation Current Condition Plan View. 3.2 STREAM ASSESSMENT 3.2.1 PROCEDURAL ITEMS 3.2.1.1 Morphometric Criteria Dimension and profile were sampled at a rate per the 2003 USACE Stream Mitigation Guidelines as follows: ' Dimension: Six permanent cross sections were surveyed. Two are located on the Unnamed Tributary (one riffle and one pool) and four are located on Little Bugaboo Creek (two riffles and two pools). At the instruction of the EEP Project Manager, URS surveyed the cross-sections established by EcoLogic for the 2005 (MY1) Monitoring Report. The cross section numbers and locations do not correspond to the As- 16 00056- Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 Built cross sections established by EarthTech. The survey includes points measured at all breaks in slope, including edges of channel, top of bank, any bankfull indicators, and thalweg. Profile: A longitudinal profile survey was performed on the entire project reach (6,921 linear feet). 4,677 linear feet were surveyed on Little Bugaboo Creek and 2,243 linear feet were surveyed on the Unnamed Tributary. Survey points include measurements taken in the thalweg at the beginning of each stream feature such as riffle and pool, as well as the maximum pool depth, and top of bank. 3.2.1.2 Hydrologic Criteria No crest gages are installed at this site to document bankfull events. Therefore, potential occurrence was extrapolated based on US Geological Survey (USGS) stream gage discharge data for the Roaring River near Roaring River, NC (USGS 2008). The USGS gage plot is shown below (Figure 3). The gage is located less than five miles from the project site and has a drainage area of 128 square miles. An estimate of the number of bankfull events in 2008 was made by comparing the stream discharges from the USGS data in cubic feet per second (cfs) against the bankfull discharge estimated from the drainage area on the Rural Piedmont Regional Curve. According to the regional curve, a bankfull event occurs on a stream with a 128 square mile drainage area when the discharge is about 2,500 cfs. This discharge was exceeded in August and November of 2008. Little Bugaboo Creek is in close proximity to the Roaring River. Therefore, it is likely that the project site also experienced two bankfull events during 2008. 1 1 1 1 Table V: Verification of Bankfull Events Little Bugaboo Creek EEP Project Number 00056 Date of Data Collection Date of Occurrence Method 12/2/07 January 2007 USGS Stream Gage Discharge 12/17/08 August 2008 USGS Stream Gage Discharge 12/17/08 November 2008 USGS Stream Gage Discharge 17 00056- Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 e 'I 1 e 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 71 r Figure 3: USGS Stream Gage Discharge Data USGS 02111500 REDDIES RIVER AT NORTH WILKESBORO, NC 3888 2888 0 L 1888 CL 0 0 v ? 188 0 ao ?o t N O J ? 18 Jan 01 Mar 01 May 81 Jul 01 Sep 01 Nov 61 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 - Daily naxinun discharge - Estinated daily nean discharge - Daily nininun discharge - Period of approved data - Daily nean discharge - Period of provisional data 3.2.2 STREAM PROBLEM AREAS There were 35 Stream Problem Areas identified on Little Bugaboo Creek in 2005. In 2006, 40 Stream Problem Areas were identified, in 2007 34 Stream Problem Areas were identified, and in 2008 17 Stream Problem Areas were identified. The most notable change between 2007 and 2008 was the absence of beaver dams and recent beaver activity at the site. In 2007, four beaver dams were documented on the mainstem and five beaver dams were documented on the Unnamed Tributary. During 2008, there were no dams remaining on the Unamed Tributary and only one small, inactive dam on the mainstem. It appears as if the beavers have abandoned the site. The Stream Problem Areas Plan View, tables, and photographs are located in Appendices B-I, B-II, and B-III respectively. As discussed in the 2006 (MY2) and 2007 (MY3) reports, there are several areas not captured by the cross sections where the channel size is increasing laterally. Bank erosion in the form of mass wasting, sloughing, and scour exists in Little Bugaboo Creek and the Unnamed Tributary. Underlying causes of erosional problems are difficult to determine at this stage since URS was not involved with the design, construction, or follow-up maintenance phases of this project. Immediate causes are attributed to easily erodible, sandy substrate that dominates the streambank soils. Insufficient vegetative protection has likely contributed to erosion problems as well. Ultimate causes for the erosion problems may be attributed to problems with the project design and/or the implementation of the design during construction activities. 18 00056- Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 The problem areas attributed to improper design and/or construction are likely caused by constructed ' channel dimensions. The Unnamed Tributary design calls for a floodprone width of 170, yet the channel As-Built floodprone width ranges from 60-75. Likewise, the entrenchment ratio was designed at 9 but was built at 3 to 3.8. The mainstem design calls for a floodprone width of 255, but it was built to 100. The entrenchment ratio was designed at 9.9 but was built to 3 to 3.5. This suggests the channel is not able ' to dissipate enough energy by accessing its floodplain, and is eroding its banks as a result. URS agrees with the underlying causes of erosion stated in the 2005 As-Built/Monitoring Year 1 Report provided by EarthTech. The report attributes the instability of Little Bugaboo Creek and the Unnamed Tributary to lack of vegetation/poor survival, the inner berm was not constructed according to the plans for typical cross sections, and overland flow/drainageways entering the stream channel. It appears that ' the problems experienced by the system immediately following construction have allowed for a continual decline in the system's stability. 3.2.3 FIXED PHOTO STATION PHOTOS Stream Photo Station Photos are located in Appendix B-IV. U 3.2.4 STABILITY ASSESSMENT Table VI: Categorical Stream Feature Visual Stability Assessment % Functioning) Little Bugaboo Creek EEP Project Number 00056 Feature Initial* MY-01** MY-02 MY-03 MY-04 MY-05 A. Riffle 100 N/A 92 44 94 B. Pool 100 N/A 87 54 89 C. Thalweg 100 N/A 88 22 92 D. Meanders 100 N/A 67 34 51 E. Bed General 100 N/A 98 88 95 F. Bank Condition 100 N/A 86 83 93 G. Vanes / J Hooks 100 N/A 82 79 92 H. Wads and Boulders 100 N/A 75 75 81 Unnamed Tributary EEP Project Number 00056 Feature Initial* MY-01** MY-02 MY-03 MY-04 MY-05 A. Riffle 100 N/A 96 71 100 B. Pool 100 N/A 91 90 100 C. Thalweg 100 N/A 100 100 100 D. Meanders 100 N/A 67 76 83 E. Bed General 100 N/A 100 88 100 F. Bank Condition 100 N/A 91 66 85 G. Vanes / J Hooks 100 N/A 95 82 97 H. Wads and Boulders 100 N/A 89 89 100 * It is assumed that all were 100 percent functional upon completion of construction. ** No stability data are presented in the previous report. 3.2.5 QUANTITATIVE MEASURES TABLES (MORPHOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY) 19 00056- Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 L 1 1 1 I 'C7 W b a R a s7 R ? R F r- 1 ?r 00 00 O -? O N I-0 N ri M M V1 N V) 00 ON /-? N .-? ?p N ? ? M i M ••-? 01 00 N 0? a+ O ? N ?O ? oo O N O_ ?o t` ? ?O M ? M M i CF N •-- .--? M ? M O W) t` 41 M N '? , t- cV M M O O N N 00 -n -? m cn m N t-? ?? c0 ?N / 00 N kn N l? to N V) M N O\ a1 i ,? O 00 Q 7 01 00 N V"1 M Q\ . . bD 41 N b n C c DD M C r- 41 h ? kn N t` N ••-+ rt N N •••? kn b N t N O i. 441. d d ?+ V) •--? , 00 N N 00 O , C kn tr; M O N N d N N i N d N ?O C O F" C 41 7 D O ' O •-? N 000 N N 01 i N M It - 00 y O U °6' O? rn 00 W) tn ? G a R z ;; o M N - O O m ? p i U M i 00 N r+ i N V •--+ M N 41 to 41 .--? + QI a a t a N W •tp^7, N W 0? l? 00 M Z, i V t ••-? (V 00 i N •--? 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N U GG TAN M N N i -? -? N "t V1 SA VA --? -n A N ?t N V1 V N l- N O .. N O N • M . N •--i O .--? CAN - D\ ^-? N ?j O d: O v ZA v, -. - v N o rn 00 N U) N A M N A M -? O b 00 TAN M •--? DD fV 00 O N ?p M 0\ N O U a+ M W) Vl N •? i M .? O N d ? L. L. U a SA o ? 0 0 A ? C A VA ? N O ? a l N N n o O r rn A d' M •-. N -? O? m •O G> i. ? Q ?O N + r. pr £A N O kn ? N D\ O N O M n ,? ? W c O O M ?O 00 U ZA O\ '--+ W? lc? --? v? O uj M O\ v) N o U P IA ?D o N 00 00 0 1 r r` Vl cli cn i O\ ri v, O\ N O M M V -i 1 M •--? M •--? M N '--? c SA VA O h O O et N D O Vi o0 00 N c, ?D cV d' r •--? N fV n m £A N O ?4 M N [? ?D d 00 N 00 ?n N M O? M N N C` --r M 00 V ZA M O? l? vl d' N N [? O 00 -4 r' N 01 It N d' 00 v) rn N M N ?O IA ,..? M V N O\ I'D N "t M i m N y a Cty' O N A O. ?' N a+ ?' y ? o CA A a? ° w .. .. w 3 v U ?o 02 O A 3 44 cd A x v a rya w a?? m co 3a wC4 a? i a. n o ? a, 0 N ,It N ?i O a CG za I N 2 U O ° .n a I 0 0 0 A r.i Q O R O bl b b 'O x b R O O I~?I R r A F 1 1 a R Ca R a0 rt O? ? ? 10 M O M O N N 06 O O M 0?1 N am d' %D ? p O O C W Vl kn 'f? kn 00 01 M M M O 00 N q O O M O O M N N O ? O D1 N p d N o?o 0 ?p O N kn P r O r O cq O 00 O O 1n R O 00 N W) .f?i p O ? O Fir L V ? G Q Vl O k W) N N --i O O ?z a+ q kn N ?n N l\ M `O Oti O O N r, O O O W W O W N yd O ? O O N O M E O <0 O O O O ?O M O, O rh O 01 N - N 00 N C O r-I V1 .? cq O ?O h 00 m4 ?.o M /• O .--i N O 00 00 M C O M N N ?O It i i /-. M 0 0 o to AG U 3 3 ?n a, ? ? 0 ' - a E ? (D b b „ a te ?. a d ?g a a N i U r, o o w a o 'C +r a s a y^ ? a i a a° a da > u > a rz a, 0 N W) N O LL ?i w N U 0 0 0 0 a, 0 N SA VAN ?O N A A O N N N N n ? O O M oo -. M n ? .. .-r l? M £A 00 O a? oo N o 00 n c N p zA O 00 N O 00 N O? O N 00 •a+ U -? n M N vi N O ? U IAN 00 V N l? O M to l? N d N M O .., --? to H a SA z b ? V 8 q F" VA kn n M N o 000 ?a N M r M oo <r a £A kn --? n ?n [? O crj O 06 It C'O O O ZA A M l? w! N M O t` M N 00 U N N M oo n --? --? ^ -? ?p ti p U p, IA vl ri N N ?n M oo ? °O. ? ?r N i ? ,n ?n N O l? M - M r N N O 79 N a '? 77r ?. p ? it N ld ? ? W 'C N ? Fa 7-i Tr a A ? w3 ?v?.. ? ? 3r? wnG mw 3a x''? v? b b FBI HI FBI CC F N 0 Q., w I U 0 0 on CG a I v? 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ? cl r ? a y O? V 00 N N O O DD m 00 W) N d: O r, O ?O v) m O N V•1 -+ N O O W YE 00 O cV 00 O N p1 n N C? N .--i O W C? O O O M N N O O l? ,? M .-? M !? O 01 ?p M ?p ?O 00 d fy 00 N ? kr) W00 ) O N M O O W O M N O m 0000 O N O d a d N o0 M nj N O O O ; ; ; ; o a y, ?y 00 N N 00 N V v, 00 kn ,,, N O? N r O W ya ? O cl y l? 0 C - cn ) N N N ? N M O W) 00 l O cn -w - -? U P r O v N . p Cq N N O N C; in0 00 N V1 N O N V7 l? O? M M N ? O 00 h 00 ; ; ; ; ; ^ ^ U GI Sr' C + a C O 7 a? a ?'O " y g y ++ ° •• w w o o .. b - ^ w c a a U a ? At a a a, a ?a a > x: U CA 3: a w h~?I CC H N r- N CIO 1 4.0 METHODOLOGY SECTION As of December 1, 2008, all monitoring methodologies follow the most current templates and guidelines ' provided by EEP (EEP 2006). Photographs were taken at high resolution using aSealife EcoShot 6.0 megapixel digital camera. GPS location information was collected in 2006 (MY2) using a Trimble Geo XT handheld mapping grade GPS unit. GPS locations were collected on both banks of each cross section and on all four corners of each vegetation plot. Stream and vegetation problem areas were noted in the field on As-Built Plan Sheets. Permanent photo station photographs were taken from locations marked in the 2005 (MY1) Monitoring Report, prepared by EcoLogic Associates. 4.1 STREAM METHODOLOGY The methods used to generate the data in this report are standard fluvial geomorphology techniques as described in Applied River Morphology (Rosgen 1996) and related publications from US Forest Service and the interagency Stream Mitigation Guidelines (USACE 2003). URS' field morphological survey was conducted using a Nikon DTM-420 Total Station and the data were analyzed and displayed using the Reference Reach Spreadsheet, Version 4AT (Mecklenburg 2006). Pebble counts were conducted by sampling a total of 100 pebbles from the feature of the cross section (riffle or pool). According to the most recent guidance issued in Rosgen courses, the pebble count was concentrated within the wetted perimeter of the channel and did not include the banks. The exact pebble count methodology used in previous monitoring periods (prior to 2006, MY2) is not known, so it is unknown if the results are comparable. Photographs were taken at each cross section. A photo was taken from the left bank towards the right ' bank, and from the right bank towards the left bank. 4.2 VEGETATION METHODOLOGY According to 2005 As-Built/Year One Monitoring Report, 16 permanent vegetation plots were established at the site, using metal conduit to mark their locations in the field. During the initial site assessment in 2006, none of the As-built vegetation plots were located. However, URS did observe 21 permanent vegetation plots that were established by EcoLogic Associates, using white PVC piping at the upstream outside corner of each plot to mark their locations in the field. At the time of the 2006 (MY1) Report, EcoLogic did not have historic project documentation. EcoLogic established 21 new vegetation plots and six new cross sections in 2005 (MY1). The locations of the vegetation plots and cross sections are different than those presented in the 2005 As-Built/Year One Monitoring Report. Since EarthTech's vegetation plots and cross sections were not located during URS' 2006 initial site visit, the plots and cross sections established by EcoLogic in 2006 (MY1) were used. Vegetation monitoring methods followed the 2006 CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation (Lee, et al. 2006). Per the protocol (http://cvs.bio.unc.edu/methods.htm), 14 vegetation plots are required for the site. URS inventoried EcoLogic plots 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, and 21. Vegetation plot photographs and GPS locations were collected at the southwest corner of each vegetation plot in 2006 (MY2). Vegetation monitoring plots were re-marked in the field by replacing all old flagging with new flagging. Each vegetation plot was marked by EcoLogic in 2005 with a four-foot PVC pipe at the upstream, outside corner. The remaining three corners were marked with steel conduit. URS placed orange flagging at the southwest corner of each vegetation plot and blue flagging at the remaining corners. The orientation of the plot was marked on the CVS-EEP data sheet if the PVC was not in the southwest corner (the origin of the plot). Planted stems were flagged in white. Volunteer/natural regeneration stems were inventoried, but not flagged. Monitoring taxonomy follows `Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and surrounding areas' (Weakley 2007). Stem height was measured with a 28 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 I folding one-meter rule. Diameter at breast height and decimeter height were measured with calipers. The X,Y coordinates relative to the southwest corner (origin) of each stem in the plot were recorded in 2006. The results of the stem counts are summarized in Appendix A-I. Vegetation plot photos are located in Appendix A-IV. 1 fl 1 1 i? 1 11 1 29 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 s 5.0 REFERENCES EarthTech. 2005. As-Built/Monitoring Year One Report. Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, North Carolina. Prepared for NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program. June 2005. EcoLogic Associates, P.C. 2006. Bugaboo Stream Restoration 2005 Draft Monitoring Report. Year One Monitoring. Prepared for NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program. June 2006. EEP. 2006. Content, Format, and Data Requirements for EEP Monitoring Reports. Version 1.2 (11/16/06). NCDENR, NCEEP. 17pp. Lee, Michael T., Peek, Robert K., Roberts, Steven D., Wentworth, Thomas R. 2006. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation. (http://cvs.bio.unc.edu/methods.htm) Mecklenburg, Dan. 2006. The Reference Reach Spreadsheet for Channel Survey Data Management. Version 4.1T. Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Rosgen, D.L. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, CO. URS. 2007. Little Bugaboo Creek Stream Restoration 2006 Monitoring Report. Monitoring Year Two. Prepared for NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program. January 2007. URS. 2008. Little Bugaboo Creek Stream Restoration 2007 Monitoring Report. Monitoring Year Three. Prepared for NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program. February 2008. USACE, Wilmington District, US Environmental Protection Agency, NC Wildlife Resources Commission, and NC Division of Water Quality. 2003. Stream Mitigation Guidelines. April 2003.26 pp. USGS. 2008. Roaring River near Roaring River, NC streamflow gage. USGS Real-Time Water Data. Gage 02112120. http://waterdata.usgs.gov. Weakley, A.S. 2007. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and surrounding Areas. Working Draft as of 11 January 2007. UNC Herbarium. North Carolina Botanical Garden. UNC at Chapel Hill. I 1 30 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 Appendices 1 1 i u t 10116 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 i 1 1 1 t i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Appendix A: Vegetation Raw Data 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 Appendix A-I: Vegetation Survey Data Tables 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 Tahle A1- Vevetntinn Metarlata Report Prepared By Susan Shelingoski Date Prepared 12/18/2008 11:41 database name BigWarrior_Bugaboo_Silas_Snow Database.mdb database location P:\Jobs3\31825348 Monitoring\Veg\2008 DATABASES computer name RDUXPL160 file size 57245696 DESCRIPTION OF WORKSHEETS IN THIS DOCUMENT------------ Metadata Description of database file, the report worksheets, and a summary of project(s) and project data. Proj, planted Each project is listed with its PLANTED stems per acre, for each year. This excludes live stakes. Proj, total stems Each project is listed with its TOTAL stems per acre, for each year. This includes live stakes, all planted stems, and all natural/volunteer stems. Plots List of plots surveyed with location and summary data (live stems, dead stems, missing, etc.). Vigor Frequency distribution of vigor classes for stems for all plots. Vigor by Spp Frequency distribution of vigor classes listed by species. Damage List of most frequent damage classes with number of occurrences and percent of total stems impacted by each. Damage by Spp Damage values tallied by type for each species. Damage by Plot Damage values tallied by type for each plot. ALL Stems by Plot and spp A matrix of the count of total living stems of each species (planted and natural volunteers combined) for each plot; dead and missing stems are excluded. PROJECT SUMMARY------------------------------------- Project Code 56 project Name Little Bugaboo Creek Description Stream Restoration River Basin Yadkin-Pee Dee length(ft) 6,920 stream-to-edge width (ft) 15 area (sq m) 4.8 acres Required Plots (calculated) 14 Sampled Plots 14 I 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table A2: Vegetation Vigor by Snecies Species 4 3 2 1 0 Missing Unknown Alnus serrulata 11 2 Aronia arbutifolia 2 Betula nigra 2 Callicarpa americana 3 3 Corpus racemosa 17 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 22 3 2 2 Juglans nigra 7 Nyssa sylvatica 9 3 Quercus alba 12 Rhus glabra 3 1 Salix nigra 3 Sambucus canadensis 12 1 1 1 Rhus copallinum 2 Ilex opaca 1 Liriodendron tulipifera 1 1 Platanus occidentalis 51 3 1 1 1 Prunus 7 1 1 Acer negundo 5 7 TOT: 18 167 15 2 1 6 14 Table A3: Vegetation namaue by Sneeips Species All Damage Categories (no damage) Beaver Deer Diseased Vine Strangulation Acer negundo 12 12 Alnus serrulata 13 13 Aronia. arbutifolia 2 2 Betula nigra 2 2 Callicarpa americana 6 6 Corpus racemosa 18 18 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 29 27 2 Ilex opaca 1 1 Juglans nigra 7 7 Liriodendron tulipifera 2 2 Nyssa sylvatica 12 12 Platanus occidentalis 57 54 1 1 1 Prunus 9 9 Quercus alba 12 12 Rhus copallinum 2 2 Rhus glabra 4 4 Salix nigra 3 3 Sambucus canadensis 15 13 2 TOT: 18 206 199 3 1 1 2 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 Table A4: Vegetation Damage by Plot plot All Damage Categories (no damage) Beaver Deer Diseased Vine Strangulation 056-01-0001-year:4 26 26 056-01-0002-year:4 44 44 056-01-0004-year:4 8 7 1 056-01-0006-year:4 12 12 056-01-0007-year:4 16 16 056-01-0008-year:4 5 5 056-01-0011-year:4 22 22 056-01-0012-year:4 10 9 1 056-01-0013-year:4 8 8 056-01-0014-year:4 10 9 1 056-01-0015-year:4 6 6 056-01-0016-year:4 2 2 056-01-0019-year:4 6 6 F T 56-01-0021-year:4 O 31 27 3 1 ToT , 4 206 199 3 1 1 2 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 tuvaS-1Z00-I0-9SO Sold N -- ? M .-+ !1 .- N ?p N tUvag-6100-I0-9SO Told N -- M y:aea,t-9i00-i0-9S0 Told N N tmuaf.-Si00-10-9SO Told N M -- O t:auaA-bi00-i0-9SO Sold t:aBa f-£I00-I O-9SO ;old t:.iea,f-Zi00-i0-9SO ;old V:JvaA-I I00-I O-9SO ;old V:j vad-8000-I O-9SO ;old ti:1 ga,C-L000-10-9SO ;old M N 00 M r1 t u vaB-9000-I 0-9SO ;old t u vaX-ti000-I O-9SO ;old tuvaB-Z000-I0-9SO ;old •-, ?O V7 M l? .-- M ? t u va,f-1000-10-9SO ;old ,It N N SMO;S #SAFS N N W? ,n v? cn N N in o0 •-- N ? •-+ oo N N -- N ? N N -- ? M N s;old # vl N N N o -- M N ?t M ? V? N N n ti suia;S Pa;ugld Ig;o,L ^? N M N r N oN to oo N M M '1, v' 00 O a? .. v0 64 U 0. c? •? Q iO? ' j b V a3 cd ? ._ Ca ? S. U y n O y O y y O ti n O tU. O ti k v d Q GO U U w .a Z a a O F; O F u .a a z v. "C C R c a t r C a V. Q ti R F D, 0 N O Q!i w N U O a i 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table A6: Veuetatinn Prnhlem Areac Little Bugaboo Creek EEP Project Number 00056 Feature # Feature/Issue Station # / Range Probable Cause Photo # VPA1 Poor survivability 0+00 to 5+60 Thick herbaceous vegetation VPA1 VPA4 Bare bank 10+40 to 11+90 Scour VPA4 VPA12 Bare bank 38+80 Scour VPA12 VPA13 Bare bank 40+60 Beaver damage VPA13 VPA14 Bare bank 61+60 Scour VPA14 VPA15 Invasive/exotic plant 10+10 Chinese privet VPA15 VPA16 Poor survivability 3+20 Beaver damage VPA16 VPA17 Poor survivability 7+00 Beaver damage VPA17 Little Bugaboo Creek EEP Project Number 00056 UTVPAI Bare bank 0+15 Scour UTVPAI UTVPA2 Bare bank 1+90 to 3+10 Scour UTVPA2 UTVPA3 Bare bank 7+20 to 7+40 Scour UTVPA3 UTVPA4 Bare bank 14+70 to 14+80 Scour UTVPA4 UTVPA5 Poor survivability 15+05 to 20+00 Beaver damage UTVPA5 UTVPA6 Invasive/exotic plant 16+00 to 16+80 Chinese privet UTVPA6 UTVPAI Invasive/exotic plant 18+60 to 18+90 Chinese privet UTVPAI UTVPA9 Invasive/exotic plant 8+90 to 9+40 Chinese privet UTVPA9 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 r i Little Bueaboo Creek Appendix A-II: Vegetation Problem Area Photos 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 Little Bugaboo Creek 7 ?y z, - f7j VPA12 facing left bank (12/15/08) 'A ? }? lL VPA 13 facing downstream (12/15/08) 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 VPA4 facing downstream (12/16/08) VPA1 facing upstream (12/16/08) VPA 14 facing left bank (12/15/08) VPA15 facing left bank (9/4/08) Little Bugaboo Creek ?y,W Y i ? r+ti ac`? w k,s tt'''` 4A4 EFi1' ^? 4, VPA17 facing downstream (12/16/08) 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 VPA16 facing upstream (12/16/08) Unnamed r p S W-01 . y • I llYem'??? ? v??+ ¦ 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 UTVPA2 facing downstream (12/15/08) UTVPAI facing downstream (12/15/08) UTVPA3 facing right bank (9/4/08) UTVPA4 facing left bank, upstream (9/4/08) UTVPA5 on right bank (12/15/08) UTVPA6 on left bank (12/15/08) Unnamed 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 UTVPA7 on left bank (12/15/08) UTVPA9 on left bank (12/15/08) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Appendix A-III: Vegetation Current Condition Plan View 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 m r r? m= m! m== m m m ? = m m m 1 1 1 1 Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 Appendix A-IV: Vegetation Monitoring Plot Photos u H r 1 1 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URI 2/09 Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 17 L VP1 VP4 W-0 VP7 d, VP2 VP6 VP8 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 F? VP11 VP13 VPIS VP12 ¦ VP14 VP16 ?d uuu:)b - Llnle Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 ,t. VP19 VP21 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 s 1 1 1 Appendix B: Geomorphic Raw Data 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 1 I Appendix B-I: Stream Current Condition Plan View 1 L 1 7 L 1 F 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 U N o .? Z E E O O 8 8 _ =2 -.._ s O O L L ?? 00 L D ca o O c a 0 Z? c(DDoo L o ` ? CO a) 0 (Q O Q O E O N Z' 'a m m o m c O cu > O c a U N m O a i Q Q 65 U N U o U o C vS ._.__ ' - c ' • '^ CU m O N Z? aS a a E O w v y m Cc O N L r V L 7 7 B d O ( o o 9 o n n V! o rn FE 0) m co) a °v H ai o, to 0 ,4) - N , ? LL r r o_ a cn U Q Q C, to o a> .` c x C)7 OL U C O L CO J OO L O yc O U N IL U) 6-LL a ZW a G a W Z C 0 y N Q ry oc N O LL 3 O Cq, r °o F1 LO i c w U ° > c°> T v ono .b ? ? ? t d c 3 c ` ?. o N c i U a E d o a o o ro a o U a 0 U c 0 U > U c o U a o U o 0 U ? 0 U o 0 o 0 c 0 ,a O F'? tC V] VJ V1 C7 C1 W V] Co v] m V] (/? V] V] U V] U V1 U Cn a O y L ? O O O O y L `n p Z p O D C b .? G O O N O } O O L L F" + N ° -W V b0 C h <t _0 0 O 0 M 0 ?o r- r- 0 -It 0 00 O 0 O m M '9 O W) O n o ? o_ 0 60 p 0+0 + N I + + + . C4 + O + N N n + + .'IT. R 'O + M + O o+p + + N + 0 0 p L a a ? O O O C, ? O bD W y ? R cC ? ? y i 7 ,.O C O C O C O W o C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O U ?? ? "1. U U U 11.y.? 7 O 'O ? ? 0 Q i ? ? 0 0 0 'D ? _ U U U ., N N U U N YN 7 i c.n GG C7 r un Q C? CG C1 (? W L? CQ ci L Y C-4 't N _ N N R I? Q N a O M a N M Q M M a eh M Q `O M a r M a O a Q N Q Q ? Q ? Q ? Q ? Q F Q ? Q o . a .. a . c .. o .. , '7 ? £ uogoas ssao C C i C ON O 0 0 h t i 1 1 i Appendix B-II: Stream Problem Areas Data Table 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table RI: Stream Problem Areas Little Bugaboo Creek EEP Project Number 00056 Feature # Feature/Issue Station # / Range Probable Cause Photo # PA7 Structure degradation 8+45 Thalweg flowing through vane arm, not center of structure PA7 PA21 Bank erosion 25+10 Scour PA21 PA30 Bank erosion 41+00 to 41+10 Scour PA30 PA32 Bank erosion 41+30 Scour PA32 PA33 Structure degradation 41+60 Boulders shifted PA33 PA34 Structure degradation 42+76 Bank scour behind vane arm PA34 PA36 Aggradation 10+40 to 10+70 Bank erosion and scour PA36 PA37 Bank erosion 22+80 to 23+10 Scour PA37 PA40 Bank erosion 7+20 to 7+40 Scour PA40 PA41 Bank erosion 14+00 to 14+30 Scour PA41 PA42 Beaver dam 14+35 Beaver PA42 Unnamed Tributary EEP Project Number 00056 UTPA2 Bank erosion 1+60 to 2+00 Scour UTPA2 UTPA4 Bank erosion 5+35 Scour UTPA4 UTPA12 Bank erosion 8+00 Scour UTPA12 UTPA16 Bank erosion 11+75 Scour UTPA16 UTPA17 Bank erosion 12+40 Scour UTPA17 UTPA21 Bank erosion 15+10 Scour UTPA21 UTPA22 Structure degradation 6+80 Scour behind vane arm UTPA22 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 11 Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 1 1 1 1 1 1 P Appendix B-III: Representative Stream Problem Area Photos 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 ' Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 - Little Ora. M ?. PA7 facing downstream ai• 'lr ? .h J*i PA30 facing upstream ?Yk"?1 --'std y ` ? fit." ]Sf,. '? +i• PA33 facing downstream 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report Creek URS 2/09 PA21 facing upstream PA32 facing downstream PA34 facing downstream (9/4/08) Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 - Little Bugaboo Creek I- r rP'+sa,:, a PA42 facing upstream *,-I ?, ? TA 4 N,S F ? Y 1 . 'P s.. ? p' td " MA - * r NI , W 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 PA36 facing downstream PA37 facing left bank, downstream PA40 facing upstream PA41 facing left bank Photos taken December 15, 2008 - Unnamed UTPA 12 facing downstream ?i 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 UTPA2 facing downstream UTPA4 facing right bank UTPA17 facing downstream UTPA 16 facing downstream UTPA21 facing downstream Photos taken December 15, 2008 - Unnamed 1-ts?_r ITHIA22 fdcinb downstream 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 Appendix B-IV: Stream Photo Station Photos 00056- Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Draft Report URS 12/08 Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 1 L ( J? t 1 . A lr? P673 facing downstream P667 upstream Jy P676 facing downstream 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 P657 facing upstream P655 facing downstream P661 facing downstream Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 ? r ' s i } wy 1?? l ?/Y?`. F ?? , ??i???? rah' *". ... ? +1 y WAW P687 facing downstream 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 P679 facing downstream P681 facing upstream P741 facing downstream P693 facing downstream P745 facing upstream Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 P706 facing upstream P703 facing downstream P718 facing downstream P723 facing upstream P728 facing upstream 1 1 1 Appendix B-V: Visual Morphological Stability Assessment Table i 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 i 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Draft Report URS 12/08 1 b y 0 0 a 0 MNM F? CE F 1 1 1 1 1 1 a? ? O w w a° a o°o n a o C o °: o ¢ N 0 U 00 0 T 0 00 N N "I M 0 0 00 n 0 0 0 CC1 C, C, a, 00 ° , CC, v1 Vl ?!1 vi T i O .0 0 0 a? w ti ? y N p O ? F CRC 7 7 7 7 ?I z z 7 00 0000 7 7 7 7 Z N z ° U m Q? f? C3 r N r t` t` r- C1 CN CN ON CN T CN O1 C? N N V) C1 C\ C1 C1 ?O ?O , N N N N 't I It It It It It 7 00 N N c 73 +? w C b ? N ?A 0 ? k N ?. L?. i•-i N V1 N l? N V1 N V1 N 7 d' 7 V1 d' V1 7 V N b N N 1r, I y N O d• O d' Q r` b O 0 O O N N N ? O a a D °• ?a ?a W c ? ? C ? U C• O ? ^ ? C ? O 40 b v i N bap U ^ U O ? ? ? CI. y C• 0 O .k O b .?. N U N Y N •ti N N O °? ? ? Cr. c d Cl. C O c ? C wp ° w N N b q .b ? ? cV y F. cd h b A C _ N O O U H b C O ` U b A O rn . a i *" y O 3 U b4 " o ti a o c c v C d b o 'D c0 v " o ?. > `C° n 'C e ?- y a b w o w ° y bo b 3 n b N en N ° Ca0 0 o Ca '* a E 0 O I• • ?, c b '> a o a o v ° $ b ° ° $ On 0n . a °' a C a U .. I ca ld y „ *,.7 C nU N A °: 4. 'd a N N On m a? . w w w bo a ° a w .a a ?n q q 0 0 d 0 U Q w x Q w w o w o v U y -0 1-0 C7 ? b ' a° H m as > 3 w ¢ a7 U A w rs; C7 x a, 0 N C a a iw U U °o cG a 0 0 0 1 1 A w 1 1 L 1 0 0 0 ? o ? ? o ° w a? ° a o ?: o :d C. N O O O O O O O O O O O O O C. O O O O e •? O O O O O O O O 0 0 ? 000 0 ? 0 O O te) 0 0 O O N w N N p O +?.fl N ? Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q ? Q ? ? ? Q Q Q Q H O z z z z z z z z z z z z z O o z z z z z z a oa 'IT 00 N? Q N N N N O O O `° O 01 b 0 00 00 Cd e0 C b r N .. y ?+ N ? ? ? ?+ M M 00 ? N? ..z an O N O N O N O N O N O M O M O M ° d• N N N N N M M n ? n 00 00 a O D ? z b Q? n U S7 Fn cd Qa ?a W C• W C• ?• ? Op ? O U O w N yQ Q ?? O ' O b rn N by /? V ^ U O ?" *t?" C?C • a C O O O w "'? O '0 ^ p ? N 'b p q cC Cd Q a> C• A . w to Q O d w ?1 '0 0 cd N p 0, m' ` N N b ? .b ? cd ? N 1-. cC gy N 'b F. C' ??. O N OO ¢ 'O 6b 2 u y ., U ?" ' y U N U Cs, vl :b y o cai ? ? y •b y ° ?k ? •? v ? 3 a a i ° ° ° o °q ' o O q G a? v C O a5 lu O a b a o A a cl. ca o _ ° °? ti y r v ? v ? t? Id w w m v a •• n . s ? , on a" w a a c 1 ?D q 0 0 c7 U Q w x ¢ w` w ° o 0 b ou y d w Q as U Q W u. C7 x G. fi. ° ° U 0 a° a oa a I Cl 0 0 Photos taken December 15 and 16, 2008 ?r 1 1 Appendix B-VI: Cross Section Photos and Plots 1, 00056 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 rn O N !4 d O v M ? N G! O m 1 ? 'O r ? 0 X Y 4) d R L 3 V G O N JO E 'o ? c 01 ? 3 = m m J r H O LO Y ^ ".ai -7 1 t! Ilk no- h co p r LO Q a M ? , N }? } Cl) Lo _ N ` a?+ O N O LO O O O M P? (0 0'T M N- O M ?- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r r r r r r uol;enal3 T? Y C tt ? ?+ (0 CD ? C LL ` ;r i lrt„ ', a fji! rid ld? . .grtoa ,? ._ w YR?Sw^r,? g .? yf ?' v P ' Y, q y ' Y C (U m N rn c U (d LL tf O Q N? LL C LL v C? G N U O O (0 7 m J O O O O) O N O O O W O LO 3 a d > O O M A N d A O O a?+ C N C i O M M d? 0 "e " O o 10 7 m = N N m d } J O F O O O O O O O O O O 0 r r ?: O UOIIBA013 Y C t0 m L T C U M LL Y C m co v a) J rn c U LU LL U) tf O CL a) Of m c LL } Y Q) U O O N m 7 m W J O O O 0 O O N O O 00 O_ y 0 O 00 N 7 (0 4 ? } 0 + a" N d a M O GI N G O O 4) O M ? jp d a •i+ f0 N y } w A M ? r N y I fn I 0 x m Y a o c o_ U .r O y ? = O l 0 V m d co Q _ N J O m N } O N co (O It N O co (O O O UO IIBA0 13 9 f .k ? '?.rtF s y i y 5? R ? h 4 S YA h i a? Y 9 TV, ae k?ik YH r ? Y C (6 m C Y C (0 m N J m C U (0 LL tf O Q N lY (0 C_ LL } Y N N U O O Q N D) 7 m N J LO O O 0 O r 0 W 0 cD O N LO A ? m L C N N 0 l L O at3 m m E ? L A 1 ? i } r Y .0 ? L 10 4f 7 C M O C 'O A L •L ca i:i a) } o o N } v)r X ? N d O M c0 Y L .a C E v 9' V O n W ` " N c O A U) = ca } t0 ` Y ? C "? a m 0 C%4 4) J cV m a? } o O •'- 0 0 0 0 0 0 U OI) en al3 I O) C U m LL C LO m N J c U m 0) N U) D tf O Q N (0 C_ LL Y N N U O 0 lU 7 CD N J CO O O O O O N R d O• V Cd > y V V N G ? Y to V l0 co 10 O N 1A ? A X Y O. ` A O U E u O -0 y m U) ? 2 N ? O 7 V m J 0 O 0 LO n O Cl) } C 0 O M j0 N O O N O N ,ry ` 0 O Cl) N O M 00 n (O (n It CO 0 0 0 0 0) O O O O m m ???? O O O O O O O Y C m Y .I-- . of rn C U (0 tL 4 • Y: Y C (0 m N J rn c U (9 Ll co tf O N C LL } Y N U 0 0 m a1 7 m N J O LO O O O O O N m N d O •. W M M , ` N O V N 10 r N N O y "- a Y X x a i O U E ? O N O l0 vl d O t0 m d J LO v 0 ,It 4') Cl) ° Cl) U) N C O ate. N 0 N L (O 0 N (0 N o ? LO r I- _ 0 ° 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UOIIBA813 Y C t0 m L C) C U M LL i N) I.L tf O Q N f0 _C LL Y N N U O O c0 rn m N J Lf) O O O 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 Appendix B-VII: Longitudinal Plot 11111 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 O O O V- O 0 O N O L O 0 O co N N L w 0 r ? L ? Cc 4) r ? C L = U=? O cc m d J N U 7 O O O N N E ca N f? N co O O O N 0 N U f? co a? co O _N a C N co 0 r N r N N } 0 M cu a? } co 0 N N a? r c? 0 N 0 } O O O N O O CO O O r 0 0 N r O r 0 0 O r.+ a O O 0 O O 0 O O 'IT O O N O M O O ti O O co O 0) a) ? r r ? r r r ? r (4) U01jena13 rn 0 N 0 a a? c6 v } Y N N U 0 0 .Q cQ 0 m N J O LO O O O m m === r m m m m m O O LO d' O O O 0 W) 0 N L cl) 02 O ca r M ? w L N ,0 ^a r' O L. _CU 1 J9 a G1 _ ? R L = U 0 0 .Q c? m N O co (p O O O O m m r' r- O O O O O r r r r r ? ? (4) UOIIBna13 00 CD 1q, co co 00 O O O ? ? ? O O LO co C O r O O O M O O LO N O O O N N O O F N U 3 CD O O N O E m N m N m co O O N N U (0 7 a? ?a 00 O N c to 00 O LO r N ,d. ca N } ti O M N CI O N (Q N CD O N } O O N N r- O a N iu c i- } Y N U O O O rn m O J O LO Cl Co O m m m r rr r rr r r rr r rl r rr r rr rr? r? r O O N O O N N O O O N L 0 M ?+ N ` m L ? ? O w 1 L w L ? V ? CL O 'c ca m O O ? 00 3 ? U 3 L VJ 00 O O N O ? O O r (D U 3 U) L yr O O r co O LO N C ? O 0 i N R CO m a) } 9 i O ? O ? r ? M N } O I O (fl co O r N L cl5 N } O I O O O O O O N In O In r r r ? r r O O r r UO14BA013 ? O Q O O O ? ? -+ O LO 00 O T- rn 0 N 07 0 O. a) c U- v Y a) U 0 0 fQ m 3 co a) w J CD LO Cl 0 0 m r = r m m = m M, m = r m m 1 F 1 1 Appendix B-VIII: Pebble Count Frequency Distribution Plots 1 1 1 1 1 11116 - Little Bugaboo Creek - MY4 Final Report URS 2/09 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C _O . r3 a> U) y O U °; number of particles C L O N O r r r r a0 O d N O O O C) I O ? 0 c 0 0 0 0 O O O N N M (0 00 O E r N 3 O) o N ? O O r E O N C n N 7 LO CO p U U o a M oo N -0 M 1 (D E i a O1 3 W N O' 3 CO .- N y _N J O M H Z) .- C O O N LO r N 0') U) 00 N V 000 U c:) E ? N <O 0 O 0 't to CL 0 a o ,ooooooo o? O O 0 N M O 7 0 0 h O d N ? uey; jaug;uawad 00 N 7 O N ?p U I I I 1 I I I I I I I C I I i u I I I 1 I I v I I M LO CO CO a) I O In 0 0 rn 0 a Q.' LL Q O a? C_ Y N U 0 0 m rn 3 m N J O N O 0 0 am 0 N N C O U N U O U N number of particles U O N C) CO (D 'IT N O 0 O 0 O ? I O ? N p C 0 CIF) (0 O O L 7 E :3 N T U > - a N O O N OU O Z O O r 1= Y E (D U ° .N o (o o O d ao 0 O 7 c i -0 /? -0 M L Q C C fA N O N m N E C CO Y J O O 00 U' Mr-r-N NM C r. O O U Cf) M? N ? Nf?, _ E 00 MM a N (D0 00) 0 0 (D U O 0 \ 0 0 0 0 0 0 \ \ \ \ \ \ 0 0 OR \ \ o O \ O 0 M ? M M N O O 0 0 O 'IT N uey; jaugjuawed I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , I I I I I I N 7 O N O U ? ? ? ? m ? U -tf CL M LO O 0) Q' C } Y N U 0 0 .n m rn m N J O O 0 0 O 0 a 0 C O_ . 16 N CO y fA O U number of particles Q t0 W (0 d N O O O O I O ? 0 > 0 0 0 \o \° 7 E f-- U 0 _N 10 > rn80 G N 0 84 0 E E O N C (p N r V1 O O ^ r- ? O O O Y 'C rte.. CL D N O N U N E 4 3 O N Y ? f9 y 7 m N _ J ? 7 O O - r- 00 It 00a U 0 0 - ^ - M a? E e C ) LO CO CO 0 U ? \o 0 \o 0 loo, \ \o 0 0 0 0 0 0 \o O 0 O O O N M O O Oi 000 r? t 0 It N N E uey; jaug;uawad N 3 O O N M? M O I I I 1 I c ai I 1 I I I I I i T I I ? I 1 N I I O a? m c LL } Y N N U 0 0 rn m N J (O O 0 0 O 0 N It C 0 U (1) U) N y O U number of particles U _ N O r CO N CD (O ? N 0 0 O O O ' > - -0 7 O 0 0 0 gg W O + • O N NLO ? U v C > z p N O } U Ul O U O O r 1= E O N . (0 CO CO N Y N 9 L U a N 13 c c w n3 0 O N a) y Y CO NI-- O OO +?'+ M??N NM J C ? ? 0 O CO (" OD (-- to CD E a) CD U) C) LO "t LO CL r N ? CO LO (0 00 0) 0 0 0 O U o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o O O O 0 ti M O M 0 0 M It M N U) uey} jaug tuawad CO - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I N O Q N U m ? ? ? m ? ? I I W S M O a a? } i Y 0) N U 0 0 rn m aD J (D O 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LO c 0 N H N O U number of particles n LO M C) LO C) LO CD M N N r- •- tn O N O ? I O e- 0 f0 p N M M 00 O 7 O E > U ? C N ? M [2 C) 0 N O O E E O N N •? C O N j O N 0 t' rte. ?C f0 Ca ° U -, 0 ? N a? 3 O N Y ?O vi m N J 7 O N (0 00 N U) O O U O O 0 0 O O 4) I E M (0 U) C) LO 't U) d ? o 0 0 CO CO 0 O o V o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o ? 0 0 0 ? o o O o O O O O ? ° M O O i C O O ( O V N u) CO uey; jaug }uaoiad CO N 7 O N I I I I I c I uM i I I I I I ?, I I I ?_ I I N I I rn °a W M O O. N o: c Y N N U 0 0 rn m m J O O 0 0 0) 0 N O C 0 U N N y O U a number of particles U (0 CL .? r 00 m d' N O 0 O 0 0 I O .- ? a o o CY) a 0 0 N CL 0 O N ? 0 7 >' N N N O U N O 0 O O r E E O N C O CO r M N N N M o U U a O o m o N N E O C fQ U) N a CO) m N M J rj N N .6-S C O ? O .. r (0 H M O O E E O N M ° C rn n(D C o U U O o \ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ o O \ O 00) 000 ? (00 to qt M N O O N ueyj jauq juawad rY 1 I I rn I _ I I I I I I I I I I I ' I I I I I I I , I I ° I I I I N a O NU N N ? ? > ? ?_ ? I I U- O Q. N (0 C Y N U 0 0 c? rn m N J O O 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7