20000874_Mitigation Plans_20100726

ENGINEERS-CON Ik
FOR??2001
6404 FALLS OF THE NEUSE RD.
SUITE 103
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27615
PHONE [phone]
FAX [phone]
E-Mail - [e-mail]
Internet - http://www.skellyloy.com
? DENR
1.AW) ©LIALtTY SECTIOt-'
?"Aprl 4, 2001
Mr. John Hennessy
North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
DOT Coordinator
Division of Water Quality
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Dear Mr. Hennessy:
MAY 32,901
Conceit esign of Four Stream Miti-
'° gaff -bites for NCDOT Ellerbe By-
pass Project
Skelly and Loy, LLP is enclosing a copy of both the design drawings package and the
Concept Engineer's Design Report for the four original proposed stream mitigation sites involved
with the NCDOT Ellerbe Bypass Project. The enclosed drawings include where appropriate the
Base Plan, Wetland Plan, Concept Stream Mitigation Plan, Existing Longitudinal Profiles, and
Typical Detail Sheets associated with the Bennett Road (Site No. 1), Saron Church Road (Site No.
2), Harrington Road (Site No. 4), and Poole Road (Site No. 6) stream mitigation sites. It is
important to note that these plan and detail sheets depict the concept stream mitigation design
only.
The enclosed documents are supplied for your review and comment. We are requesting
your acceptance of the mitigation credit ratios and associated linear feet of stream mitigation credit
for each site as presented in the appropriate sections of the enclosed Concept Engineer's Design
Report. If you have any questions or comments regarding the attached documents, please do not
hesitate to contact meat the above telephone number. In addition, we look forward to meeting you
on Tuesday May 1, 2001, for a field view of the potential stream mitigation project sites that we
have identified since our first field meeting. Thank you for your consideration in this matter.
Sincerely yours,
Enclosures
cc: Jeff Burleson
Gerry Longenecker
Andrew Donaldson
2300006001
File: Hennessy.l WLL
SKELLY and LOY, LLP
t(A'I (rc-.,q L7 !ce Std
William Lyke, P.E., P.G.
Senior Manager

SKELLY AND LOY, INC. SKELLY AND LOY, INC. SKELLY AND LOY, INC. SKELLY AND LOY, INC. AMS of SKELLY AND LOY, INC.
Headquarters Branch Office Branch Office Branch Office Harrisburg, PA
Harrisburg, PA Morgantown, WV Port Matilda, PA Monroeville, PA

1

i
CONCEPT ENGINEER'S DESIGN REPORT
FOR THE FULL DELIVERY STREAM MITIGATION
PROJECT
ELLERBE BYPASS, RICHMOND COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED FOR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT & ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS BRANCH
PREPARED BY
SKELLY AND LOY, LLP
AND
SKELLY AND LOY, INC.
ENGINEERS-CONSULTANTS
APRIL 2001

1
CAPR 2 62007
CONCEPT ENGINEER'S DESIGN-REPQ
FOR THE FULL DELIVERY STREAM MITIGA
PROJECT
ELLERBE BYPASS, RICHMOND COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED FOR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT & ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS BRANCH
PREPARED BY
SKELLY AND LOY, LLP
SUITE 103, 6404 FALLS OF THE NEUSE ROAD
NORTH RIDGE BUSINESS PARK
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27615
AND
I SKELLY AND LOY, INC.
2601 NORTH FRONT STREET
' HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17110

' APRIL 4, 2001
2300006001
1
i
I
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................. 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................. 3
2.0 DESIGN DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS ......................... 5
2.1 CALIBRATION OF BANKFULL DISCHARGE AT A
U.S.G.S. GAGE STATION .................................... 5
2.2 REFERENCE REACH CHARACTERIZATION ..................... 8
3.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 1 (BENNETT ROAD SITE) ...................... 11
3.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................ 11
3.2 MITIGATION PLAN FOR SITE NO. 1 ........................... 11
3.3 SITE ACCEPTABILITY ...................................... 13
3.4 MONITORING PLAN ........................................ 14
3.5 MITIGATION CREDIT ANALYSIS .............................. 14
4.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 2 (SARON CHURCH ROAD) ..................... 16
4.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................ 16
4.2 MITIGATION PLAN FOR SITE NO. 2 ........................... 16
4.3 SITE ACCEPTABILITY ...................................... 17
4.4 MONITORING PLAN ........................................ 18
4.5 MITIGATION CREDIT ANALYSIS .............................. 18
5.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 4 (HARRINGTON ROAD SITE) ................... 19
5.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................ 19
5.2 MITIGATION PLAN FOR SITE NO. 4 ........................... 20
5.3 SITE ACCEPTABILITY ...................................... 22
5.4 MONITORING PLAN ........................................ 22
5.5 MITIGATION CREDIT ANALYSIS .............................. 23
6.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 6 (POOLE ROAD SITE) ......................... 24
6.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................ 24
6.2 MITIGATION PLAN FOR SITE NO. 6 ........................... 24
6.3 SITE ACCEPTABILITY ...................................... 26
6.4 MONITORING PLAN ........................................ 27
6.5 MITIGATION CREDIT ANALYSIS .............................. 27
7.0 REFERENCES .................................................. 29
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
APPENDIX B - U.S.G.S. STREAM GAGE CROSS SECTION AND RECURRENCE INTERVAL
INFORMATION
APPENDIX C - REFERENCE REACH CROSS SECTION INFORMATION
APPENDIX D - CONSERVATION EASEMENT DRAFT
LIST OF TABLES
NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE
1 SUMMARY OF PROPOSED STREAM MITIGATION CREDIT FOR
FOUR ELLERBE BYPASS PROJECT SITES ........................... 2
2 U.S.G.S. GAGE CALIBRATION RETURN INTERVALS ................... 6
3 SUMMARY OF U.S.G.S. GAGE STATION AND REFERENCE
REACH HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY DATA .............................. 8
LIST OF FIGURES
NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE
1 DRAINAGE AREA VS. BANKFULL DISCHARGE FOR
THE PIEDMONT REGION OF NORTH CAROLINA ...................... 7
2 REGIONAL CURVES FOR THE PIEDMONT REGION
OF NORTH CAROLINA ........................................... 9

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

11

This concept design report details the proposed mitigation plans for four identified sites
within Richmond County, North Carolina. The restoration/stabilization of the four sites will offset
a portion of the stream length being impacted by the Ellerbe Bypass Project. Each site was
evaluated and accepted to provide mitigation credit based on the fact that each impacted stream
reach is a rural and perennial stream located in the near proximity of the proposed Ellerbe Bypass
Project area. The overall design effort at each location uses the fluvial geomorphology design
procedures based on natural channel formation. The data collection and analysis completed to
derive regional curves for the North Carolina Piedmont region essential to the natural channel
design process are summarized in Section 2. The regional curve shown in Figure 2 was used to
create the preliminary design dimensions shown on all attached plan sets. As additional data are
collected, these preliminary design dimensions may be modified to ensure that the proposed
channel has sufficient energy to transport the naturally occurring upstream bed load. Each site has
been described in detail according to the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (NCDENR) regulations regarding stream mitigation credit. Sections 3-6 of this report
provide a site description, concept mitigation plan, site acceptability for mitigation credit, monitoring
plan, and a mitigation credit analysis for each of the four sites. The concept mitigation plans
include various Best Management Practices (BMPs) ranging from complete channel restoration/
reconstruction to streambank fencing to result in stable stream systems that will offset the adverse
impacts of the Ellerbe Bypass project. In addition to NCDENR mitigation requirements, the
proposed sites also fit criteria established by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to receive
mitigation credit. The USACE general mitigation credit of 2:1 has been assumed to apply to each
of these off-site stream enhancement/restoration mitigation projects. Although this mitigation credit
is discussed in the following report on an individual project basis, it should be emphasized that the
four projects discussed herein should be considered as a combined mitigation effort. In this regard,
the total mitigation credits represented by the four projects consist of a mix of approximately 50%
full restoration efforts and 50% enhancement efforts. Table 7-1 summarizes the four stream
mitigation sites, associated mitigation ratios, and final NCDENR and USACE mitigation credit
presented within this concept design report.
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' TABLE 1
' SUMMARY OF PROPOSED STREAM MITIGATION CREDIT FOR
FOUR ELLERBE BYPASS PROJECT SITES

I
I MITIGATION CR EDIT AND ASSO CIATED RATIO S
STREAM TOTAL NCDENR
STREAM MITIGATION MITIGATED TOTAL
MITIGATION USACE * TOTAL USACE
SITE NO SITE STREAM STREAM STREAM NCDENR OFF-SITE MITIGATION
. LOCATION LENGTH (ft) RESTORA- ENHANCE- MITIGATION STREAM 2:1 CREDIT (ft)
TION MENT CREDIT (ft)
1:1 4:1
1 Bennett Road 9,800 0 2,450 2,450 4,900 4,900
2 Saron Ch. Road 500 0 125 125 250 250
4 Harrington Road 2,400 2,400 0 2,400 1,200 1,200
6 Poole Road 600 600 0 600 300 300
Totals 13,300 3,000 2,575 5,575 6,650 6,650
* Mitigation Ratio Based on USACE guidelines for stream mitigation at off-site project locations. Mitigation ratio is assumed
to apply to all stream enhancing mitigation projects, including stream restoration, streambank stabilization, riparian habitat
restoration, and livestock exclusion.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In 1999, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NC DOT) identified potential
stream restoration sites to mitigate adverse stream impacts in the Lumber River and Yadkin River
Basins related to the proposed Ellerbe Bypass in Ellerbe, North Carolina. After identification of
these sites, NC DOT assigned 13 of these sites to Skelly and Loy to evaluate and propose stream
mitigation. Skelly and Loy proceeded to prepare proposals for eight of the sites after determining
that the remaining five sites would not meet regulatory criteria as mitigation sites due to their
relatively stable condition. In addition, four new potential sites were identified and added to the
eight sites assigned by NC DOT. Preliminary investigations on these 12 sites were conducted in
October and November of 1999 to evaluate the suitability of each site for stream mitigation and to
identify BMPs that will be used as abatement techniques for the identified sites. In January 2000,
Skelly and Loy presented the 12 sites to the regulatory agencies for their approval regarding the
potential for stream mitigation credit. During this meeting, various criteria were established by the
regulatory agencies in regard to selecting an ideal site for mitigation. The criteria require that, at
a minimum, the proposed site include a rural, perennial stream located in close proximity to the
Ellerbe Bypass project impact area. Of the 12 sites investigated using this and other criteria, only
4 were agreed on by all regulatory agencies as ideal candidates for stream mitigation credit.
As a result of site investigations of each of the four sites, eight BMPs were identified to be
used as mitigation strategies for each impaired reach of stream. These eight BMPs are listed
below and are described in detail and explained in Appendix A..
• BMP No. 1 - New Channel Reconstruction or Relocation
• BMP No. 2 - Bank Stabilization
• BMP No. 4 - Grade Control Structures
• BMP No. 5 - Stream Crossings
• BMP No. 6 - Streambank Fencing
• BMP No. 7 - Off-Line Watering Troughs
• BMP No. 8 - Revegetation/Riparian Plantings
• BMP No. 9 - Dam Breast Stabilization
At least one of these BMPs is proposed for implementation at each of the four sites described in
this concept design report. Many sites have multiple BMPs proposed to restore the stream
segment. The first section of this report describes the initial field data collection and analysis
required to generate a more complete representation of the hydraulic geometry relationships for
the Piedmont hydro-physiographic province. The regional cures are used as an initial estimate
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of bankfull dimensions in the concept mitigation designs. The remaining sections of the report
detail each of the four mitigation sites including a description of the site, the concept mitigation
design and BMP implementation, the acceptability for mitigation credit, and the proposed
monitoring plan.
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2.0 DESIGN DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The objective of the stream mitigation effort is to restore and stabilize degraded stream
reaches to replace the impacted streams within the Ellerbe Bypass project area. The design
approach chosen for the stream restoration/stabilization effort is based on using the natural
channel design techniques and methodologies outlined in "Applied River Morphology' by Dave
Rosgen (1996) in conjunction with the United States Forestry Service. This 40-step stream design
methodology results in a competent channel design that is able to safely transport naturally
occurring sediment loads generated by each impacted stream's watershed area while minimizing
local in-stream bank and channel erosion. The approach uses natural channel formation principles
to provide a stable stream channel, adequate stormwater routing, and improved aquatic habitat.
The design approach includes a comprehensive characterization of the existing physical conditions
of the affected stream reaches as well as a comprehensive field evaluation of local U.S.G.S. Gage
sites and select reference reach locations. The following sections outline the first 14 steps of
Rosgen's Natural Channel Design methodology used to calibrate bankfull channel indicators and
create localized hydraulic geometry curves necessary for the concept design process.
2.1 CALIBRATION OF BANKFULL DISCHARGE AT A U.S.G.S. GAGE STATION
The first 14 steps in the Rosgen Natural Channel Design process develop design data from
nearby U.S.G.S. stream gages and reference reaches. This procedure is necessary to properly
interpret the visual indicators used in defining the stable channel dimensions (referred to as the
"bankfull" channel) used in the development of the hydraulic geometry curves. The determination
of these bankfull channel dimensions is first performed at a gage site where historical stream flow
data are available. The principles of fluvial geomorphology (FGM) indicate that the bankfull storm
event can vary between 1.1- and 1.8-year return periods. Therefore, the availability of the historical
flow data at U.S.G.S. gages provides the opportunity to correlate the bankfull channel elevation
with the corresponding storm event which produces this depth of flow in the stream channel.
Proper interpretation of the bankfull channel indicators is confirmed if the return period for the
corresponding storm event falls within this range of return periods.
Based on an office evaluation of the localized region, it was determined that there are at
least three active U.S.G.S. gage stations located with the Piedmont Province. These gages are
Flat Creek near Inverness, North Carolina (Gage No. 02102908), Norwood Creek near Troutman,
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North Carolina (Gage No. 0214253830), and Mitchell River near State Road, North Carolina (Gage
No. 02112360). Information for these gages has been included in Appendix B. The Flat Creek
gage was especially important due to the fact that it is located in close proximity to the Ellerbe
Bypass Project impact area. Flow records from these gages were used to perform Annual Peak
Flow Frequency Analyses, which are also included in Appendix B.
From an on-site inspection of these gages, bankfull stage was determined and correlated
to the rating curves for the individual stream gages to approximate the bankfull discharge.
Referencing the Annual Peak Flow Frequency Analyses figures found in Appendix B with the
bankfull flow, the associated return intervals were determined. This information is summarized in
' Table 2.
TABLE 2
U.S.G.S. GAGE CALIBRATION RETURN INTERVALS
DRAINAGE BANKFULL RECURRENCE
S
GAGE
U
S
G AREA U.S.G.S. GAGE DISCHARGE INTERVAL
.
.
.
. (SQ. MI.) HEIGHT'(FT) (CFS) (YRS)
Norwood Creek 7.18 5.87 231 1.1
Flat Creek 7.63 3.48 151.4 1.8
Mitchell River 78.8 6.29 2513 1.3
The return intervals for the three gages correlate well with the principles of fluvial
geomorphology and will add confidence in the accuracy of field determined bankfull stage. In
addition, the North Carolina State University (NCSU) also completed gage calibration analyses on
these and other U.S.G.S. gages in the Piedmont region (Harman et al. 1999). The bankfull
discharges listed in Table 2 for each gage agree well with the NCSU derived values and provide
further validity to the design process. The bankfull discharge and associated drainage area listed
in Table 2 were then used with the NCSU gage information to create a combined plot of Drainage
Area versus Bankfull Discharge for the Piedmont Region of North Carolina. The final Drainage
Area versus Bankfull Discharge plot is shown as Figure 1.
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2.2 REFERENCE REACH CHARACTERIZATION
1
Hydraulic geometry information was also developed from four additional reference reaches
' to supplement the work completed by NCSU in the development of a set of Piedmont regional
curves. The Dutchmans Creek, Bells Creek, Little Rocky Creek, and Steely Branch reference
' reaches are located in the Piedmont region within a 15- to 20-mile radius of the Ellerbe Bypass
Project. Each reference reach was chosen because of its stream type, its similar land use
' characteristics, and its similar valley type to that of the proposed mitigation project sites. At each
reference reach, a comprehensive characterization study using the stream classification system
' developed by Rosgen (1994) was performed. The cross-sectional analyses performed for each
reference reach are included in Appendix C. The hydraulic geometry developed from the reference
' reach cross sections and the U.S.G.S. gage station cross sections and used to create the localized
regional cures for the Ellerbe Bypass stream mitigation project is summarized in Table 3.
' TABLE 3
SUMMARY OF U.S.G.S. GAGE STATION AND REFERENCE REACH
' HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY DATA

BANKFULL DRAINAGE
REFERENCE BANKFULL BANKFULL AREA AREA
REACH DEPTH WIDTH (SQUARE (SQUARE
(FEET) (FEET) FEET) MILES)
Norwood Creek 2.94 33.4 98.04 7.18
Flat Creek 3.09 14.2 43.8 7.68
Mitchell River 4.72 76.4 360.74 78.8
Dutchmans Creek 1.3 27.6 35.8 3.44
Bells Creek 2.29 24.9 57.08 4.19
Little Rocky Creek 1.11 14.6 16.2 0.93
Steely Branch 0.88 9.0 7.89 0.45
The information obtained from the gage and reference reach cross sections was plotted on
E the regional hydraulic geometry cures as shown in Figure 2. This included average bankfull
dimensions such as bankfull mean depth (dBKF) I bankfull width (wBKF), and bankfull cross-sectional
area(ABKF). The seven data points show excellent correlation with each other. The hydraulic
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Figure 2
Regional Curves for the Piedmont Region of North Carolina
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O ONCSU (Harman et al. 1999)
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*Skelly and'Loy (2001);
10 ONCSU (Hamnar?.ettal. 1 9
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0 1 10 100 1000
Drainage Area (Sq.Mi.)
geometry points fall very close to the NCSU Piedmont regional curve which increases confidence
in the design process. As a result, all data collected from the gage and reference reach analyses
were used to develop the preliminary bankfull design dimensions and additional hydraulic variables
for each stream mitigation site outlined on the attached plan sets and in the following sections.
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3.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 1 (BENNETT ROAD SITE)
3.1 DESCRIPTION
3.1.1 Location
Mitigation Site No. 1 (Bennett Road Site) is located three miles northwest of Ellerbe, North
Carolina, on S.R. 1310. The site is located on the Ellerbe, North Carolina, 7.5 minute U.S.G.S.
quadrangle and within the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Priority Subbasin 10 (U.S.G.S. Hydrologic Unit
Code 03040104). This site was identified as a potential stream mitigation site by Skelly and Loy.
The property is owned by Mr. Francis Dwight and is located at Post Office Box 442, Ellerbe, North
Carolina 28338. Please refer to the attached Bennett Road Base Plan for the location of this site.
3.1.2 Existing Site Conditions
The mitigation site is located within a 310-acre agricultural tract used primarily for grazing
livestock. The impacted streams are the main stem of the Little Mountain Creek and three
perennial first and second order unnamed tributaries to the Little Mountain Creek. The impacts to
these streams consist of degraded banks and water quality related to the activity of cattle along the
stream. The total length of existing streams proposed for mitigation is 9,625 linear feet (LF).
3.2 MITIGATION PLAN FOR SITE NO. 1
3.2.1 Concept Stream Mitigation Plan
The stream mitigation plan for this site includes the implementation of multiple BMPs.
Streambank fencing in accordance with BMP No. 6 is proposed to be installed on both sides of two
unnamed tributaries to Little Mountain Creek with a 40-foot riparian buffer zone to be established
along the stream corridor to allow for recolonization of riparian vegetation. In addition, streambank
fencing will also be installed along the right bank of a third unnamed tributary with a 40-foot riparian
buffer zone also established. Finally, streambank fencing will be constructed on the right bank of
the main stem of Little Mountain Creek with a 50-foot riparian buffer zone to be established to allow
for further colonization of riparian vegetation. There will also be fencing put around the pond
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located at the headwaters of the smallest unnamed tributary to Little Mountain Creek to prevent
cattle access to the water. The purpose of the streambank fencing is to provide for livestock
exclusion and allow for the revegetation of the area adjacent to each tributary. Water quality and/or
ecological function of each stream reach will greatly improve by excluding livestock and eliminating
the pollution sources incurred therefrom. By creating a riparian buffer zone between the stream
and the fencing, stormwater runoff from surrounding pastures will in effect be filtered before
reaching the stream and as a result improve the water quality of the entire stream system. Overall,
a total of 9,800 LF of stream will be enhanced due to the installation of streambank fencing and
the establishment of the 40- to 50-foot riparian buffer zone.
In accordance with BMP No. 7, the mitigation plan will also include the design and
construction of four off-stream watering devices to provide a source of water for the livestock once
streambank fencing is installed. The plan also includes the design and construction of four in-
stream cattle crossings in accordance with BMP No. 5 to allow access to pasture land on both
sides of each stream. Three of the four crossings will be designed and constructed at existing
cattle crossings. The fourth crossing will include the rehabilitation of the existing dam breast in
accordance with BMP No. 9. The dam breast is currently being used as a cattle crossing without
any type of stabilization, and the sideslopes of the dam breast have eroded away. The
rehabilitation work includes stabilizing the dam breast side slopes and repairing the principal
spillway. Other work will include the addition of soil amendments along the emergency spillway to
increase stability and the establishment of bank vegetation.
In accordance with BMP No. 2, the mitigation plan also includes a 500-foot reach of stream
identified for streambank stabilization on one of the tributaries. This stabilization will include sloping
approximately 500 feet of streambank to a 3:1 slope to provide a more stable flood-prone width.
During the preliminary field assessment, the tributary requiring streambank stabilization was
classified as an entrenched G stream type based on Rosgen's 1994 Stream Classification System.
To improve the stability of the stream system, the proposed streambank stabilization will be based
on a low width/depth ratio C or a high width-to-depth ratio E stream type. This stream type was
selected on the basis that similar stream types exist in stable reaches of the unnamed tributary.
Additionally, several reference reach sites located within the same basin as Little Mountain Creek
were determined to be primarily C or E type streams. According to Rosgen's classification system,
a C and E stream type is characterized by a minimum entrenchment ratio (width of flood-prone
area/bankfull width) of 2.2. Based on the field data collected to develop hydraulic geometry
relationships and described in Section 2 of this report, a stable flood-prone width for the unnamed
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tributary to Little Mountain Creek is approximately 26 feet, much larger than the existing 10-foot
flood-prone width. By sloping the channel banks to accommodate this larger flood-prone width, the
stress imposed during high flow events will effectively decrease and minimize the excess
streambank erosion and contribution of sediment to the stream system. Live stakes will be planted
along the newly sloped streambank on a two-foot on-center planting schedule in accordance with
BMP No. 8.
A conservation easement is proposed for the entire area located inside of the proposed
streambank fencing. This easement will encompass approximately 9.8 acres.
3.2.2 Construction and Planting Schedule
The existing vegetation along each stream corridor will be left in place to maintain the
stability of the stream and increase recolonization of native plant species. The additional
vegetation required where grading is proposed should be planted prior to the end of the growing
season. Installation of streambank fencing can occur at any time, weather permitting.
3.3 SITE ACCEPTABILITY
3.3.1 Acceptance by Resource Agencies
This is an excellent site to implement some simple best management practices and receive
substantial benefits. A field view of this site was completed by Skelly and Loy and all cooperating
resource agencies in February 2001, and the site was preliminarily accepted for stream
enhancement mitigation credit pending the review of this concept plan. The streams to be
improved are rural, perennial streams located within 15 miles of the Ellerbe Bypass Project impact
area; therefore, they meet the primary criteria set forth by the resource agencies. The benefits of
the mitigation plan include stream stabilization, improved water quality, and increased stream
habitat. The proposed plan will require minimal construction impacts to complete. Based on the
initial site assessment and the nature of the proposed work, there appear to be no insurmountable
environmental problems.
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3.3.2 Likelihood of Success
The site has a very high likelihood of success. The establishment and 70% survival rates
of the streambank plantings in the bank stabilization stream reach will be a single measure of the
success. The long-term maintenance of the streambank fencing will be another measure of the
success to the riparian habitat and stability of the channel. The landowner has expressed a
willingness to participate in the program and has agreed to the preliminary concept design and the
recording of a conservation easement as an amendment to the current deed and the maintenance
of the streambank fence. A draft copy of the conservation easement has been included in
Appendix D and is currently under review by the property owner.
3.4 MONITORING PLAN
During the construction phase of the project, streambank pins will be installed at several
locations to provide reference points to monitor the physical characteristics of the stream (width,
depth, entrenchment, pattern, and profile). The monitoring of the mitigation will occur on an annual
schedule for five years with a letter report provided annually. Stability of the stream channel and
bank along with at least an 70% success rate of riparian and streambank plantings after the first
growing season will be the indicators of the plan's success.
3.5 MITIGATION CREDIT ANALYSIS

According to the NCDENR Internal DWQ Policy on Stream Mitigation Options and
Macrobenthos Monitoring, the above stream enhancement mitigation plan including the
establishment of the riparian buffer zone, the installation of streambank fencing for livestock
exclusion, the construction of watering troughs and cattle crossings, streambank and dam breast
stabilization, debris jam removals, and the securing of a conservation easement along each stream
reach provide for a 4:1 mitigation ratio. The resulting NCDENR stream mitigation credit for the
9,800 LF of stream enhancement mitigation is therefore 2,450 LF. The USACE qualifies off-site
stream mitigation for a 2:1 mitigation credit ratio. It is therefore assumed that the stream
enhancement/stabilization mitigation plan at this off-site project will provide a 2:1 ratio. As
discussed previously in this report, the application of this ratio was considered in light of the
combined total mitigation credits represented by all four projects discussed in this report. In this
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regard, the total mitigation credits represented by all four projects consist of a mix of approximately
50% full restoration efforts and 50% enhancement efforts. As a result, Mitigation Site No. 1
produces 4,900 LF of USACE mitigation credit.
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4.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 2 (SARON CHURCH ROAD)
4.1 DESCRIPTION
4.1.1 Location
Mitigation Site No. 2 (Saron Church Road) is located five miles southwest of Norman, North
Carolina, on S.R. 1319. This site is located on the Harrisville and Ellerbe, North Carolina, 7.5
minute U.S.G.S. quadrangle and within the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Priority Subbasin 10 (U.S.G.S.
Hydrologic Unit Code 03040104). This site was identified as a potential stream mitigation site by
Skelly and Loy. The property is owned by Mrs. Eva McCray and is located at 249 Saron Church
Road, Ellerbe, North Carolina 23883. Please refer to the attached Saron Church Road Base Plan
for the location of this site.
4.1.2 Existing Site Conditions
This mitigation site is surrounded by agricultural land used primarily for grazing of livestock.
The impacted stream is an unnamed first order tributary to Big Mountain Creek. The impacts to
this stream consist of degraded banks and water quality related to the activity of cattle grazing
along the stream. The impacted reach of the tributary is a first order perennial stream that
discharges out of an existing pond with a total length at this site of 500 LF of stream. The potential
for stream mitigation includes approximately 500 LF of stream.
4.2 MITIGATION PLAN FOR SITE NO.2
4.2.1 Concept Stream Mitigation Plan
The stream mitigation plan for this site includes the implementation of two BMPs.
Streambank fencing in accordance with BMP No. 6 is the primary mitigation activity. Fencing will
be installed on both sides of the unnamed tributary to Big Mountain Creek immediately downstream
of a pond located on the McCray property. A 40-foot riparian buffer zone is to be established along
the stream corridor to allow for recolonization of riparian vegetation. The purpose of the
streambank fencing is to provide for livestock exclusion and allow for the revegetation of the area
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adjacent to the unnamed tributary. Water quality and/or ecological function of each stream reach
will greatly improve by excluding livestock and eliminating the pollution sources incurred therefrom.
In addition, water quality will be further improved by the filtering effect of the revegetated land area
adjacent to the tributary. Overall, a total of 500 LF of stream will be enhanced due to the
installation of streambank fencing and the establishment of the 40-foot riparian buffer zone.
A conservation easement is proposed for the entire area located inside of the proposed
streambank fencing. This easement will encompass approximately 1.5 acres.
4.2.2 Construction and Planting Schedule
The existing vegetation along all stream corridors will be left in place to maintain the stability
of the stream and increase recolonization of native plant species. The additional vegetation
required along disturbed slopes should be planted prior to the end of the growing season.
Installation of streambank fencing can occur at any time, weather permitting.
4.3 SITE ACCEPTABILITY
4.3.1 Acceptance by Resource Agencies
This is an excellent site to implement some simple BMPs and receive substantial benefits.
A field view of this site was completed by Skelly and Loy and all cooperating resource agencies in
February 2001, and the site was preliminarily accepted for stream enhancement mitigation credit
pending the review of this concept plan. The stream to be improved is a rural, perennial stream
located within 15 miles of the Ellerbe Bypass Project impact area; therefore, it meets the primary
criteria set forth by the resource agencies. The benefits include improved stream stabilization,
improved water quality, and increased stream habitat. The proposed mitigation plan will require
minimal construction impacts to complete. Based on the initial site assessment and the nature of
the proposed work, there does not appear to be any insurmountable environmental problems.
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4.3.2 Likelihood of Success
The site has a very high likelihood of success. The establishment and 70% survival rates
of the streambank plantings in the bank stabilization stream reach will be a measure of success.
The long-term maintenance of the streambank fencing will be another measure of the success.
The landowner has shown a willingness to participate in the program and has agreed to the
preliminary concept design and the recording of a conservation easement as an amendment to the
current deed and the maintenance of the streambank fence. A draft copy of the conservation
easement has been included in Appendix D and is currently under review by the property owner.
4.4 MONITORING PLAN
The monitoring of the mitigation will occur annually for five years with a letter report
provided each year. Stability of the stream channel and bank along with an 70% success rate of
riparian and streambank plantings after the first growing season will be the indicators of the plan's
success.

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4.5 MITIGATION CREDIT ANALYSIS
According to the NCDENR Internal DWQ Policy on Stream Mitigation Options and
Macrobenthos Monitoring, the above stream enhancement mitigation plan including the
establishment of the riparian buffer zone, the installation of streambank fencing for livestock
exclusion, and the securing of a conservation easement provide for a 4:1 mitigation ratio. The
resulting stream mitigation credit for the 500 LF of stream enhancement mitigation is therefore 125
LF. The USACE qualifies off-site stream mitigation for a 2:1 mitigation credit ratio. It is therefore
assumed that the stream enhancement mitigation plan including streambank fencing for livestock
exclusion at this off-site project will provide a 2:1 ratio. As discussed previously in this report, the
application of this ratio was considered in light of the combined total mitigation credits represented
by all four projects discussed in this report. In this regard, the total mitigation credits represented
by all four projects consist of a mix of approximately 50% full restoration efforts and 50%
enhancement efforts. As a result, Mitigation Site No. 2 produces 250 LF of USACE mitigation
credit.
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5.0 MITIGATION SITE NO.4 (HARRINGTON ROAD SITE)
5.1 DESCRIPTION
5.1.1 Location
The Harrington Road Site is located 3,100 feet west of U.S. Highway 220 along S.R. 1304
approximately 1,400 feet south of S.R. 1304 and continues downstream for a distance of 2,000
feet. The stream is an unnamed perennial tributary to Cartledge Creek. The site is located on the
Rockingham, North Carolina, 7.5 minute U.S.G.S. quadrangle and within the Yadkin-Pee Dee River
Priority Subbasin 16 (U.S.G.S. Hydrologic Unit Code 03040201). Please refer to the attached
Harrington Road Base Plan for the location of this site. The property owners are as follows.
Mrs. Trudie Dawkins
295 Harrington Road
Rockingham, NC 28379

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Mrs. Octavia Schoolfield
15 Penningtan Place
Durham, NC 27701
5.1.2 Existing Site Conditions
The stream segment under consideration for mitigation at this site is located between two
naturally stable segments and is entrenched due to channelization from historic farming and/or
silviculture activities. The stream is continuously changing its profile both upstream and down-
stream which is caused by two processes: headcutting and downcutting. These processes will
continue unless stream stabilization measures are implemented to prevent further headcutting and
downcutting. The existing stream flows through a high density deciduous forest adjacent to crop
land for 2,000 LF. Following channel reconstruction, the project site is expected to result in 2,400
LF of stream for mitigation credit.
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5.2.1 Concept Stream Mitigation Plan
The stream mitigation plan for this site will include the implementation of multiple BMPs.
The first proposed mitigation activity is the complete restoration of the existing 2,000-foot channel
utilizing the principals of fluvial geomorphology in accordance with BMP No. 1. The 40-step Natural
Channel Design Methodology developed by Rosgen (1996) will be used as a step-wise procedure
for the restoration of the 2,000 LF of the unnamed tributary to Cartledge Creek. The development
of a regional curve and the classification of the existing stream reach composes the first 14 steps
of Rosgen's (1996) design methodology and is outlined in Section 2 of this report. The remaining
steps required to develop the preliminary hydraulic geometry are summarized in the following
paragraphs.
MITIGATION PLAN FOR SITE NO.4
General site limitations were considered in order to determine the type of channel to be
constructed. The stream type selected for this design effort was a low width-to-depth ratio C based
on Rosgen's (1994) Stream Classification system. This stream type was selected on the basis that
similar stream types exist in the upstream and downstream sections of the unnamed tributary.
Additionally, several reference reach sites located within the same basin as the unnamed tributary,
were determined to be primarily low-width-to-depth ratio C or high-width-to-depth ratio E type
streams. Finally, pebble count data from the mitigation site and upstream and downstream
reaches showed that the D50 for the existing stream bed material fell in the range of 0.25 to 1
millimeters, thus indicating the sand or "5" bed material size category. Therefore, the unnamed
tributary to Cartledge Creek will be design as low-width-to-depth ratio C5 stream type.
The regional curves developed for the Ellerbe Bypass stream mitigation project and shown
in Figure 2 were used to develop the hydraulic geometry for the proposed channel. The 2,000-foot
stream reach drains an upstream watershed area ranging from 0.45 square miles to 1.24 square
miles. Applying this range of drainage areas to Figure 3, the ABKF =11 - 22 square feet, WBKF =10 -
16 feet, and dBKF = 1.05-1.50 feet were determined. These preliminary values will be further
validated in future design steps pertaining to channel competency (sufficient energy to continue to
transport the naturally occurring upstream bed load). Channel competency is important so that
sediment deposition and aggradation problems do not occur within the new stream channel, thus
reinitiating channel migration and other erosion processes.
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The width of the flood-prone area (wfPa) was approximated using the entrenchment values
for C and E stream types. As given by Rosgen (1996), the entrenchment ratio for C and E stream
types is a minimum of 2.2. Entrenchment is defined as wfPa/wbkf, wfPa is measured at a height of
two times the maximum channel depth to bankfull condition. Applying the proposed channel
bankfull width of 10 to 16 feet to the entrenchment ratio of 2.2 yields the proposed minimum flood-
prone width of 22 feet to 35.2 feet.
Minimum sinuosity for a C stream type for the substrate conditions that exist at the site is
as low as 1.2. The present site conditions along the stream corridor reflect the original historic
location of the stream's geometry (meanders, belt width, and radius of curvature) prior to it being
channelized for farming activities. The proposed design would implement various structures in
order to reconfigure the channel into the historic channel. The proposed channel would add
approximately 20% in stream length to achieve the minimum stream sinuosity of 1.2. Therefore,
the total stream mitigation length would add 400 feet of stream to the project.
The stream mitigation plan also includes implementing grade control techniques in order
to raise the stream elevation at given locations and to prevent the stream from becoming more
incised and entrenched. These grade control measures include structures such as rock vanes, log-
sills, and bed material to raise the elevation of the stream in specific segments. These structures
also serve the dual purpose of adding habitat diversity as well as providing additional channel
stability and protection against potential in-streambank and channel bottom erosion. Design details
regarding these structures are included in the attached plan set.
In disturbed areas, live stakes will be planted on a two-foot center-to-center planting
schedule, and native trees and shrubs will be planted in the riparian corridor on a four-foot center-
to-center planting schedule in accordance with BMP No. 8.
A conservation easement is proposed for a 40-foot corridor surrounding the stream. This
easement will encompass approximately 4.0 acres.
5.2.2 Construction and Planting Schedule
Construction can occur at any time. Construction access will be designed to minimize
amount of existing habitat disturbance. Any on-site construction impacts will be revegetated with
native tree species and seeded and mulched with perennial grasses to minimize soil erosion. The
additional vegetation required in disturbed areas should be planted prior to the end of the growing
season.
1
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5.3 SITE ACCEPTABILITY
5.3.1 Acceptance by Resource Agencies
This site will receive a moderate acceptance by the resource agencies. There is a high
potential to restore the existing stream to a moderately entrenched system and prevent further
instabilities in the watershed. A field view of this site was completed by Skelly and Loy and all
cooperating resource agencies in February 2001, and the site was preliminarily accepted for
stream restoration mitigation credit pending the review of this concept plan. The stream to be
improved is a rural, perennial stream located within 15 miles of the Ellerbe Bypass Project impact
area; therefore, it meets the primary criteria set forth by the resource agencies. Based on the initial
site assessment and the nature of the proposed work, there appear to be no insurmountable
environmental problems.
5.3.2 Likelihood of Success
The success of the stream mitigation is high. The mitigation plan specifies implementing
structures in effect to stabilize the downcutting and headcutting of the stream in the given segment.
There is the potential to restore the existing channel to its former historic condition with minimal
disturbances. Both landowners have already expressed willingness to participate in the mitigation
project. A draft copy of the conservation easement has been included in Appendix D and is
currently under review by both property owners.
5.4 MONITORING PLAN
During the construction phase of the project, streambank pins will be installed to monitor
the physical characteristics of the stream (width, depth, entrenchment, pattern, and profile). The
monitoring of the mitigation will occur annually for five years with a letter report each year. Stability
of the stream channel and bank along with at least an 70% success rate of riparian and
streambank plantings after the first growing season will be the indicators of the plan's success.
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5.5 MITIGATION CREDIT ANALYSIS
Stream restoration is defined as "the process of converting an unstable, altered or degraded
stream corridor, including adjacent riparian zone and flood-prone areas to its natural or referenced,
stable condition considering recent and future watershed conditions. This process also includes
restoring the geomorphic dimension, pattern and profile as well as biological and chemical integrity,
including transport of water and sediment produced by the stream's watershed in order to achieve
dynamic equilibrium." In the case of Mitigation Site No. 4, uncontrolled logging and agricultural
practices have led to excessive runoff within the unstable stream reach. This excess runoff has
increased stream power throughout the reach and resulted in the erosion of channel and bank
material. The stream as a result has severely downcut and become entrenched. The concept
mitigation plan for this site includes the complete restoration of the stream reach. This 40-step
stream design methodology used produces a competent channel design that is able to safely
transport naturally occurring sediment loads generated by the 0.45- to 1.24-square-mile upstream
watershed area while minimizing local in-stream bank and channel erosion. This approach uses
natural channel formation principles to provide a stable stream channel, adequate stormwater
routing, and improved aquatic habitat. According to the NCDENR Internal DWQ Policy on Stream
Mitigation Options and Macrobenthos Monitoring, the above stream restoration plan provides for
a 1:1 mitigation ratio. The resulting stream mitigation credit for the final 2,400 LF of restored
stream is therefore 2,400 LF. The USACE qualifies off-site stream mitigation for a 2:1 mitigation
credit ratio. It is therefore assumed that the stream restoration mitigation plan at this off-site project
will provide a 2:1 ratio. As discussed previously in this report, the application of this ratio was
considered in light of the combined total mitigation credits represented by all four projects
discussed in this report. In this regard, the total mitigation credits represented by all four projects
consist of a mix of approximately 50% full restoration efforts and 50% enhancement efforts. As a
result, Mitigation Site No. 4 produces 1,200 LF of USACE mitigation credit.
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6.1

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6.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 6 (POOLE ROAD SITE)
DESCRIPTION
6.1.1 Location
Mitigation Site No. 6 (Poole Road Site) is located 1,000 feet west of U.S. Highway 220 on
Poole Road, which is located 2.5 miles north of U.S. Highway 74 and consists of the segment of
stream on the north side of Poole Road that extends 500 feet upstream. This site is located on the
Rockingham, North Carolina, 7.5 minute U.S.G.S. quadrangle and within the Yadkin-Pee Dee River
Priority Subbasin 16 (U.S.G.S. Hydrologic Unit Code 03040201). The property is owned by Mr.
Young Su Han and is located at 2906 Laurel Wood Drive, Matthews, South Carolina 28105.
Please refer to the attached Poole Road Base Plan for the location of this site.
6.1.2 Existing Site Conditions
The segment of stream proposed for mitigation at this site is moderately entrenched and
has been channelized and straightened in the past. The left bank of the stream abuts the perimeter
of an abandoned racetrack and is currently used for parking. The right bank contains four- to eight-
inch diameter pine, alder, and oak trees sporadically located in the floodplain area. There are
portions along the right bank that have been paved, and grasses are beginning to reestablish
themselves in these areas. This mitigation site has 600 LF of stream for possible mitigation credit
due to the final proposed length of stream after mitigation.
6.2 MITIGATION PLAN FOR SITE NO.6
6.2.1 Stream Mitigation Plan
The stream mitigation plan for this site will include the implementation of multiple BMPs.
The first proposed mitigation activity is the complete reconstruction of the existing channel
dimension pattern and profile using the principles of fluvial geomorphology in accordance with BMP
No. 1. The 40-step Natural Channel Design Methodology developed by Rosgen (1996) was used
as a step-wise procedure for the restoration of the 500 LF of Steely Branch. The development of
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C
a regional curve and the classification of the existing stream reach composed the first 14 steps of
Rosgen's (1996) design methodology and is outlined in Section 2 of this report. The remaining
steps required to develop the preliminary hydraulic geometry are summarized in the following
paragraphs.
General site limitations were considered in order to determine the type of channel to be
constructed. The stream type selected for this design effort was a low width-to-depth ratio C based
on Rosgen's (1994) Stream Classification system. This stream type was selected on the basis that
similar stream types exist in the upstream sections of Steely Branch. Additionally, several
reference reach sites located within the same basin as Steely Branch were determined to be
primarily low-width-to-depth ratio C or high-width-to-depth ratio E type streams. Finally, pebble
count data from the mitigation site showed that the D50 for the existing stream bed material fell in
the range of 0.13 to 0.5 millimeters, thus indicating the sand or "5" bed material size category.
Therefore, the reconstructed section of Steely Branch will be design as low-width-to-depth ratio C5
stream type.
The regional curves developed for the Ellerbe Bypass stream mitigation project and shown
in Figure 2 were used to develop the hydraulic geometry for the proposed channel. The 500-foot
stream reach drains an upstream watershed area 0.6 square mile. Applying this drainage area to
Figure 3, the ABKF =13 square feet, wBKF =12 feet, and dBKF= 1.16 feet were determined. These
preliminary values will be further validated in future design steps pertaining to channel competency
(sufficient energy to continue to transport the naturally occurring upstream bed load). Channel
competency is important so that sediment deposition and aggradation problems do not occur within
the new stream channel thus reinitiating channel migration and other erosion processes.
The proposed width of the flood-prone area (wfpa) was approximated using the entrench-
ment values for a C and E stream type. As given by Rosgen (1996), the entrenchment ratio for
C and E stream types is a minimum of 2.2. Entrenchment is defined as wfPa/wbkf, wfpa is measured
at a height of two times the maximum channel depth to bankfull condition. Applying the proposed
channel bankfull width of 12 feet to the entrenchment ratio of 2.2 yields the proposed minimum
flood-prone width of 26 feet.
The reconstruction will require the removal of the pavement along the right bank and
construction of the proposed channel in the area where the pavement presently exists. Where
feasible, all existing trees and shrubs would be maintained during the construction of the proposed
stream channel which will be aligned through the open corridor where the pavement was removed.
The proposed pattern and profile to the stream would add approximately 20% in stream length to
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achieve a minimum stream sinuosity of 1.2. Therefore the total stream mitigation length would add
100 feet of stream to the project.
The stream mitigation plan also includes implementing grade control techniques in order
to prevent the proposed stream from becoming incised and entrenched. These grade control
measures include structures such as rock vanes, log-sills, and bed material to raise the elevation
of the stream in specific segments. These structures also serve the dual purpose of adding habitat
diversity as well as providing additional channel stability and protection against potential in-stream
bank and channel bottom erosion. Design details regarding these structures are included in the
attached plan set.
To improve the diversity of the riparian buffer zone, additional native tree and shrub
plantings will be implemented along the new stream corridor and floodplain in accordance with BMP
No. 8. After the proposed channel is completed, the existing channel will be filled and revegetated
with similar plantings. The uppermost portion of the stream mitigation site on the right bank and
into the floodplain area may naturally convert to a small wetland area due to the discharge from the
pond which may create hydrologic conditions suitable for wetland development.
A conservation easement is proposed for the entire affected area and is estimated to
encompass approximately 1.0 acre.
6.2.2 Construction and Planting Schedule
Stream channel reconstruction can occur at any time. All construction disturbances will be
revegetated to minimize the soil erosion potential. Plantings will be established prior to the end of
the growing season.
6.3 SITE ACCEPTABILITY
6.3.1 Acceptance by Resource Agencies
The benefits of mitigation at this site include redesign of the stream channel to improve its
natural stream appearance and the addition of plantings along the stream channel. These
plantings will improve the riparian buffer zone and provide habitat for wildlife, act as a filtering
device for stormwater runoff, improve water quality, and add to the stability of the overall riparian
system. A field view of this site was completed by Skelly and Loy and all cooperating resource
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agencies in February 2001, and the site was preliminarily accepted for stream restoration mitigation
credit pending the review of this concept plan. The stream to be improved is a rural, perennial
stream located within 15 miles of the Ellerbe Bypass Project impact area; therefore, it meets the
primary criteria set forth by the resource agencies. Based on the initial site assessment and the
nature of the proposed work, there appear to be no insurmountable environmental problems.
6.3.2 Likelihood of Success
The likelihood of success of the stream restoration at this site is considered to be high.
Channel reconfiguration into the existing abandoned floodplain will relieve streambank pressures
on the existing channel and provide an active floodplain to the proposed channel. The landowner
has expressed willingness to participate. A draft copy of the conservation easement has been
included in Appendix D and is currently under review by the property owner.
6.4 MONITORING PLAN
During the construction phase of this project, streambank pins will be installed to monitor
the physical characteristics of the stream (width, depth, entrenchment, pattern, and profile). The
monitoring of the mitigation will occur annually for five years with a letter report provided each year.
Stability of the stream channel and bank along with an 70% success rate of riparian and
streambank plantings after the first growing season will be the indicators of the plan's success.
6.5 MITIGATION CREDIT ANALYSIS
Mitigation Site No. 6 under existing conditions is an entrenched stream system that may

t

have resulted from being contained by the asphalt racetrack. The concept mitigation plan for this
site includes the complete restoration and relocation of the stream reach. The 40-step stream
design methodology applied produces a competent channel design that is able to safely transport
naturally occurring sediment loads generated by the 0.6-square-mile upstream watershed area
while minimizing local in-stream bank and channel erosion. This approach uses natural channel
formation principles to provide a stable stream channel, adequate stormwater routing, and
improved aquatic habitat. According to the NCDENR Internal DWQ Policy on Stream Mitigation
Options and Macrobenthos Monitoring, the above stream restoration plan provides for a 1:1
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mitigation ratio. The resulting stream mitigation credit for the final 600 LF of restored stream is
therefore 600 LF. The USACE qualifies off-site stream mitigation for a 2:1 mitigation credit ratio.
It is therefore assumed that the stream relocation/restoration mitigation plan at this off-site project
will provide a 2:1 ratio. As discussed previously in this report, the application of this ratio was
considered in light of the combined total mitigation credits represented by all four projects
discussed in this report. In this regard, the total mitigation credits represented by all four projects
consist of a mix of approximately 50% full restoration efforts and 50% enhancement efforts. As a
result, Mitigation Site No. 6 produces 300 LF of USACE mitigation credit.

1 -28-
7.0 REFERENCES
1.
2.
3
4.
Rosgen, David L., "A Classification of Natural Rivers", International Society of Soil Science,
Catena 22 1994 (169-199).
Rosgen, David L., Applied River Morphology, 1996. Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs,
Colorado.
Harman, W. H., et al. 1999. Bankfull Hydraulic Geometry Relationships for North Carolina
Streams. AWRA Wildland Hydrology Symposium Proceedings. Edited By D. S. Olsen and
J. P. Potyondy. AWRA Summer Symposium. Bozeman, Montana.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR). 2000
Interim, Internal DWQ Policy on Stream Mitigation Options and Macrobenthos Monitoring.
N.C. Division of Water Quality, 401 Water Quality Certification Program.
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APPENDIX A
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Best Management Practices (BMPs) were developed for North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NC DOT) stream mitigation. The majority of the BMPs presented use a natural
channel design or stabilization approach. Ideally, any BMP efforts should be completed during the
normal low flow conditions. With all of the BMPs presented, it is important to complete the
restoration efforts as quickly as possible and stabilize all disturbed areas as soon as possible.
BMP NO. 1 NEW CHANNEL CONSTRUCTION OR RELOCATION
The design effort will be based on using the fluvial geomorphology design procedures based
on natural channel formation. The work steps include deriving detailed design criteria for each
project area from field data collected within the watershed. This includes developing Hydraulic
Geometry Curves specific for a given hydrophysiographic region; specifically, the development of
appropriate channel geometry inclusive of cross-sectional area, bankfull width and depth, stream
type applicable to the site conditions (i.e., valley type, elevation difference, channel boundary
conditions, slope, etc) and other design detail. Also, field data will be collected to develop typical
cross sections, longitudinal profiles to depict stream bottom facets such as riffles and pools, in-
stream structures to enhance channel stability and augment in-stream aquatic habitat, riparian
buffer strip planting plans and applicable erosion and sedimentation control plan.
BMP NO. 2 BANK STABILIZATION
(GRADING, INSTALLATION OF ROCK VANES AND ROCK TOE PROTECTION)
This BMP involves bank stabilization through bank regrading, the placement of large rock
along the stream channel, or the construction of rock structures along eroded streambanks.
Oftentimes, a combination of these protective measures is used along any given reach of stream
depending on the nature of the erosion problem, size of the stream, and adjacent land use.
Rock Vanes

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Rock vanes are in-stream structures used to direct stream flows away from the streambank
and into the center of the channel. These structures are placed along the outside meander bend
of the channel and are often installed in series depending on the degree of curvature of the
meander bend. The installation of these structures requires the excavation of the substrate and
the placement of large "footer rocks" on which the rock structures are built. These footer rocks are
placed below the desired channel grade to prevent the scour of the rock structure. The rock vanes
are installed at slopes between 10% and 15% with the lowest grade elevation in the channel. The
rock vanes are also placed at angles ranging between 20 and 30 degrees from the bank facing
upstream as shown on the attached plan sets. The upper portion of the rock vane is keyed into
the bank at the predetermined bankfull height so that higher flows cannot wash out around the
structure.
The proper installation of rock vanes will prevent the lateral migration of stream channels
and hence reduce bank erosion. These structures also create aquatic habitat by providing
designed scour pools downstream of the structure. The details on the attached plan sets show the
configuration.

I Cross Rock Vanes
Cross rock vanes are generally used on straight channel reaches in order to provide stability
along both streambanks. These structures essentially consist of two rock vanes (one on each bank
opposite each other) and resemble a horseshoe-shaped structure with the bend in the structure
being located upstream. This bend in the structure is also the lowest in elevation and is set at a
predetermined grade elevation. "Footer" rocks are also installed to provide a foundation for the
rock structure. Cross-rock vanes divert the erosive forces along the streambanks into the center
of the channel and create designed, self-maintaining scour holes. In addition to bank protection
and aquatic habitat, these structures also provide a set grade control to prevent channel
downcutting or headcutting. The details on the attached plan sets provide information on the
installation of cross-rock vanes.
Rock Toe Protection
The placement of large rock along the toe of a streambank will prevent erosion, especially
along the outside of a meander bend. The rock should be keyed into the bank and the channel to
prevent channel scour and bank erosion. Additional rock is then placed on top of the rock keyed
into the channel bottom. Each course of rock should also be keyed into the bank with overlapping
joints on each successive course of rock as shown on the attached plan sets.
Bank Grading
The basic concept of this bank grading is to provide a more stable bank slope along the
stream channel. Steeply sloping to vertical or undercut banks should be regraded to at least
3H:1 V. At a minimum, any overhanging bank material should be removed to prevent sloughing or
encroachment into the stream channel and should be placed outside any areas prone to flooding.
All bank material should either be removed from the site or graded along the floodplain to provide
positive drainage as shown on the attached plan sets. Coordination with the landowner may result
in the identification of suitable disposal areas. Bank grading itself may provide the needed
restoration but can also be completed with rock toe protection measures or the construction of rock
vanes. All disturbed areas should be stabilized with seed, mulch and or riparian plantings.
BMP NO.4 IN-STREAM GRADE CONTROLS
Down cut stream channels can lead to accelerated bank erosion, especially where the
streambanks are not well vegetated. In-stream grade controls are used to prevent channel
downcutting or maintain a desired channel grade. These controls require the use of large rocks
which are keyed into the channel bottom and banks. The structures are usually installed in series
and are set at predetermined grades. The installation of the grade control structures should begin
downstream and proceed to the upstream limits of the work area. Details on the attached plan sets
provide information on a typical installation.
BMP NO.5 STREAM CROSSINGS
This BMP is often associated with streambank fencing projects. Agricultural ramps and
stream crossings are often installed to allow farm equipment access and also livestock access to
the stream for watering. Stream crossing may also be required for more extensive stream
restoration projects in order to access both streambanks or to deliver construction materials such

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as dumped rock. As shown on the attached plan sets the stream approaches are graded to a
minimum slope of 4H:1 V, and a stone base is provided along both banks and the channel bottom.
BMP NO. 6 STREAMBANK FENCING
The installation of fencing along a stream corridor in agricultural use is a very effective
method of restoring streambanks. Fencing prevents unlimited livestock access to streams and
promotes the establishment of a riparian buffer. These vegetative buffers prevent excess nutrients
from entering the stream and provide shading along the stream corridor.
Pressure treated fence posts are installed along the stream corridor and should not exceed
a spacing of 50 feet. At a minimum, fencing should be offset at least 15 feet from the top of the
streambank. An attempt should be made to provide a straight fence line in order to eliminate
corner posts. If a straight run of fencing is not possible or practical, corner posts and supplemental
bracing will be required as shown on the attached plan sets. Barbed wire and woven wire fencing
can be used. High tensile wire can be used for electric fence and will require the installation of
insulators and a solar energizer. The number of wire strands will vary according to the type of
livestock using the pasture. An electric fence should be installed where stream crossings are
planned. Where livestock access to the stream is desired or where a crossing is required to access
pasture areas on both sides of a stream corridor, a stone crossing will need to be installed and
discussed under BMP No. 5. Fencing installations which totally restrict access to the stream may
require the installation of off line watering troughs as discussed under BMP No. 7.
BMP NO. 7 OFFLINE WATERING TROUGHS (AGRICULTURE)
The installation of offline watering troughs is an option of providing drinking water to
livestock without the need for livestock to access streams within pasture areas. This BMP is used
in conjunction with streambank fencing where no stream crossings are constructed or where there
are no livestock watering provisions provided along streams or springs in the pasture area. Where
possible or feasible, perennial springs should be developed as the water source.
This BMP consists of diverting stream flow from a stream or spring channel through PVC
pipe to a trough or other water containment feature within the pasture area as shown on the
attached plan sets. Generally, water is diverted from the upstream or upslope portion of the
pasture to a suitable watering area located downgradient. A trench is excavated from the intake
structure, through the streambank and then subsurface to the watering trough. The installation of
this BMP will require a survey to determine the downstream elevation of the trough so that there
is sufficient head to deliver water to the trough. The invert of the trough is set at an elevation lower
than the intake structure located upstream. The trough should be located at least 15 feet away
from the stream fencing.
The trough will require an overflow structure and drain pipe to return any unused water from
the trough back to the stream. A trench will also be required to install the discharge pipe. In
pastures where springs are the source of water, the discharge from the trough should outlet outside
of fenced areas either to a receiving stream channel or grassed swale.
The location of the intake structure should be in a pool to insure water flow during the dry
season. The intake itself should consist of a small perforated section of pipe submerged in the
stream bottom. A two-foot by two-foot shallow sump can be excavated in the channel bottom and

filled with clean stone to prevent clogging of the intake structure. The water trough will require a
standpipe or clean out on the bottom so that any accumulated sediment can be flushed as
required.
BMP NO.8 REVEGETATION/RIPARIAN PLANTINGS
Plantings used to stabilize streambanks are species which prefer continuous moist to
periodically flooded soil conditions. Plant species recommended for riparian areas include willow,
alder, dogwood, and buttonbush. These species can be purchased from various nurseries. A
more cost effective approach (but more labor-intensive) is to acquire cuttings from the project area
for planting.
Live Cuttings or Stakes
A cutting is a branch detached from a parent plant, capable of regeneration. Woody
cuttings have long been used as a method of providing effective bank stabilization. When planted
in soil under proper conditions of sun and moisture, they will grow into mature plants. Various
species of willows are the most common shrub species used for erosion control. Cuttings can
range from 0.5 to 2 inches in diameter and from 2 to 10 feet in length. In all cases, the cuttings
must be long enough to reach undisturbed soils and have buds for rooting and leaf development.
The branches should be cut at a slant on the base and be blunt on top to facilitate the placement
of the cutting into the streambank (see riparian planting details on the attached plan sets).
Cuttings must be installed during the dormant season which occurs between November and
March. Cuttings must be kept moist in a shaded area and placed in the soil within 24 hours of
being cut. They will do best when planted in a sunny location with moist soil.

ri

1

1

The installation of cuttings should begin at the toe of the eroded bank. The cuttings should
be inserted into the bank at right angles to the slope at least 4/5 the length of the cutting. The soil
surrounding the cutting should be tamped. For hard compacted soils, an iron bar can be used to
make the hole. The density of the installation depends on site conditions ranging from two to six
cuttings per square yard. As shown by the live stake planting plan on the attached plan sets, the
plant spacing will be two feet center-to-center in a diamond pattern and plants placed such that
similar species are not placed immediately adjacent to each other.
Seedlings
Rooted woody seedlings can also be used to stabilize streambanks. Seedlings from the
project area can be used but are not recommended. Transplants will result in inconsistent survival
and require more time and effort to properly collect. Woody riparian species are readily available
and low in cost. Seedlings must be kept moist and should be planted within ten days of arrival.
The best time to plant seedlings is in early spring at the end of the dormant season.
An efficient method for planting small seedlings involves the use of a planting bar. A hole
is made with the bar, the plant is inserted and the soil is tamped firmly around the plant. Larger
container-grown plants require a larger hole sufficient to cover the roots. The plants should be
watered after installation. As shown by the tree/shrub planting plan on the attached plan sets, the
plant spacing will be four feet center-to-center in a diamond pattern and plants placed such that
similar species are not placed immediately adjacent to each. other.

11
BMP NO.9 DAM BREAST STABILIZATION
` This BMP is for the stabilization of pond banks in an agricultural setting where a pond is
utilized by livestock for watering. Under this BMP, controlled livestock access will be provided to
the watering area by installing woven wire fencing around the perimeter of the pond. Generally one
access area will be provided for the livestock. This area should be located on the upslope portion
of the pond and away from the dam breast. The access ramp to the watering area should be
stabilized with stone which should be keyed into the soil. At a minimum, one foot of soil should be
removed to allow the placement of stone. The access ramp should be at a minimum slope of one
vertical to three horizontal and a minimum width of ten feet. Any soil removed from the access
ramp could be placed along the dam breast area and graded to fill any gullies around the dam
t breast of the pond.
After completing all earthwork or grading, the fencing should be installed. At a minimum,
the fencing should be at least eight feet from the edge of the pond at the control elevation. The
spacing of the wooden posts may vary depending on the size of the pond and the degree of
curvature around the pond but should not exceed 20 feet. Fencing will also need to be installed
along both sides of the access ramp and into the pond to prevent access to the perimeter of the
pond. Upon completion of fence installation, the perimeter of the pond should be planted with
herbaceous species. No woody shrub or tree species should be planted along the dam breast.

1

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UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WATER RESOURCES DIVISION
Description revised
By: DGS 06-15-99
DESCRIPTION OF GAGING STATION ON 0214253830 NORWOOD CREEK NEAR TROUTMAN, N.C.
LOCATION.--Lat 35 40148", long 80 56144", Iredell County, Hydrologic Unit
03040102, on left upstream wingwall of culvert on SR 1328, 0.4 mi above Lake
Norman, 1.0 mi above Duke Power State Park swimming area dam, 1.0 mi northeast
of East Monbo, 3.7 mi southwest of Troutman, and 4.5 mi northeast of Marshall
Steam Generating Plant. (Troutman 7.5 minute topo Map 1969).
DRAINAGE AREA.--7.18 square miles.
ESTABLISHMENT AND HISTORY.--Station established on December 9, 1983 by USGS as a
corrugated metal pipe (CMP) stilling well and standard aluminum shelter on left
bank at upstream side of culvert. Gage shelter is accessible at ground level. A
Fisher/Porter analog to digital recorder (ADR) was in operation at site from
December 9, 1983 to April 2, 1999. A Sutron 8200 data collection platform (DCP)
with satellite telemetry was installed on April 2, 1999.
RECORDS AVAILABLE.--Continuous stage and discharge records available from
December 9, 1983 to present.
GAGE.--Sutron 8200 DCP and Handar 436a shaft encoder with a 15-minute recording
interval housed in a standard aluminum shelter mounted over a 30" CMP well. DCP
is referenced to an electric tape gage in the well. Outside staff plates are
attached to concrete wingwall at left of gage. Overall height of gage structure
is 21,2 ft. Lower cleanout door 24" square with 2 hinges. Upper inspection door
is 12" x 18". Three 2" galvanized couplings welded into lower CMP well wall
serve as intakes. Bottom of well is a 1/4" steel plate welded onto CMP. A 40 ft
wooden handrail is attached to 5 angle iron support braces bolted to the
downstream side of the culvert. IP on left side. Handrail is marked off every 2
ft, with distance from handrail to culvert opening also marked.
Elevations to gage datum of:
2" intake couplings:
Lower invert:
-0.13 ft
Floor of well
-0.59 ft.
Lower well door sill
Low-mid invert:
1.09 ft
2.45 ft.
Upper-mid invert: 1.61 ft
inspection door 6.04 ft.
Upper invert: 4.76 ft
Top of roof cone
21.16 ft.
Floor of house 17.58 ft
14.57 ft.
Top sill of
High point of culvert

1

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ELEVATION.--Datum of gage is 761.093 ft.
OBSERVER.--None.
LANDOWNERS.--Left upstream bank, Joel Elliott (lives in trailer upstream of
gage). Right upstream bank, Sam Oswalt (lives in first house west of gage on
north side of Secondary Road 1328. Right downstream bank, Julia Shumaker (Talley
House Restaurant in Troutman).
CHANNEL AND CONTROL.--The stream approaches the gage and culvert at a slight
angle from the right. The channel bends to the left about 200 ft above the gage
and bends to the right about 300 ft below the culvert. Both banks are lined with
brush, trees and kudzu. The right upstream bank is pasture and subject to
overflow during periods of flooding. Both downstream banks are also subject to
overflow. The left upstream bank is high and not subject to overflow. The
channel bottom is composed of sand and shifting sandbars form the control at low
stages. The channel becomes the control at medium and high stages.
DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS.--Measurements are made by wading 20-30 ft above gage or
at most suitable section depending on conditions. Medium and high stage
measurements are made from handrail on the downstream culvert headwall.
CABLEWAY.--None.
MAXIMUM DISCHARGE.--Maximum discharge for period of record, 1,480 cfs, April 28,
1997; gage height 9.20 ft.
MINIMUM DISCHARGE.--Minimum discharge for period of record, 0.67 cfs, August 2,
1986. Sam Oswalt, long time resident and landowner, says the creek has never
gone dry.
POINT OF ZERO FLOW.--Unknown. Shifting sands in channel will likely cause PZF to
change with time.
REGULATION AND DIVERSION.--None.
COOPERATION.--NCDEHNR. Station is part of state ambient water quality network.
CLASSIFICATION.--Long term continuous record station.
WINTER FLOW.--Possibly affected by ice during extreme cold weather.
REFERENCE MARKS.-- BM 782: USGS standard brass tablet, Marker (8JAS1965),
on downstream headwall 3 ft from right end. Used as origin.
Elevation: 16.398 ft (01-19-84)
777.491 msl (1964)
RM 1: Chiseled square on left end of upstream headwall.
Elevation: 16.347 ft (01-19-84)
16.342 ft (05-13-87)
16.340 ft (08-15-89)
16.342 ft (07-10-91)
16.344 ft (09-22-98)
11

f RM 2: 80 penny nail one ft. above ground in roadside of 12" red oak tree
on upstream right bank, 120 ft. from left end of culvert headwall and 40 ft.
downstream from center line of road.
Elevation: 26.314 ft 901-19-84)
26.305 ft (05-13-87)
26.285 ft (08-15-89)
26.255 ft (07-10-91)
Not found (09-22-98)

RM 3: Lag bolt 2 ft. above ground in streamward side of 10" birch tree on
upstream right bank, 120 ft. from gage, 40 ft. upstream from center line of
road.
Elevation: 20.825 ft (01-19-84)
20.818 ft (05-13-87)
20.818 ft (08-15-89)
20.820 ft (07-10-91)
Not found (09-22-98)
RM 4: (Est. 09-22-98) Chiseled square on left upstream culvert wingwall.
Elevation: 6.883 ft (09-22-98)
ET Index: Elevation: 17.409 ft (09-22-98)
(New location):17.407 ft (09-22-98)

1
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UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
' GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WATER RESOURCES DIVISION
Description prepared 3-18-65
by E.G.Wollin
Rev. 3-82 by CLH
Rev. 5-92 by JFR
Rev. 4-29-99 DGS
DESCRIPTION OF GAGING STATION ON 02112360 MITCHELL RIVER NEAR STATE ROAD, N.C.
LOCATION.--Lat 361814211, long 804812611, Surry County, Hydrologic Unit
03040101, on right bank 280 ft (85 m) upstream from bridge (relocated) on
Secondary Road 1001, 1.8 mi (2.9 km) upstream from Grass Creek, and 3.3 mi (5.3
km) east of State Road.
DRAINAGE AREA.--78.8 mi2 (204.1 km2).
ESTABLISHMENT AND HISTORY.--Established as a wire-weight gage mounted on the
upstream side of single-lane truss bridge March 10, 1964 by USGS. A recorder and
stacom manometer were installed August 1964. Site had been previously operated
as a low flow partial record station with periodic streamflow measurements being
made from 1952 to 1964. Station was moved to 280 ft upstream from the bridge on
SR 1001, and a Fisher/Porter digital recorder (ADR) with stacom manometer were
installed on September 14, 1973. Two crest-stage pipes (range 14.50 ft) were
installed at site for peak stage comparisons to recorded values. The ADR and
manometer were removed, and a Sutron 8400 electronic data logger (EDL) with an
Accubar pressure transducer were installed, July 23, 1998. A Sutron 8200 data
collection platform (DCP) with satellite telemetry was installed on November 3,
1998.
GAGE.--Sutron 8200 DCP and a Sutron Accubar pressure transducer with a 15-minute
recording interval housed in a 51x 8' concrete block shelter on right bank 280
ft upstream from bridge. DCP is referred to outside staff plates (range 0-16.9
ft). Access to shelter is by ground-level steel entrance door. Orifice is
located in stream channel near right bank at poured concrete anchor block.
Elevations:
Orifice -.05 ft
Shelter floor 30.2 ft
Instrument shelf 33.1 ft
Roof of shelter 38.8 ft
Top of c/s pipe
Datum of gage 927.12 ft
CHANNEL AND CONTROL.--Channel bends slightly to the left 100 ft above gage and
is fairly straight for several hundred feet below gage. The right bank is high
and wooded above and below gage. The left bank is low with cultivated
fields in a wide floodplain both up and downstream from gage. The channel bottom
is composed primarily of ledge rock and boulders that are overlain partly with
L sand and gravel in the pools between the rocky reaches. The floodplain on left
bank is composed of alluvial valley top soil. The low-water control is a rock
ledge that is stable but may be subject to the periodic collection of leaves and
debris. The channel and floodplain become the control at mid to high ranges of
stage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS.--Measurements are made below gage-height of 3.0 ft, by
' wading 300 ft above gage, or at most suitable section. Medium and high stage
measurements are made from the bridge 280 ft downstream. The bridge guardrail is
marked off with the initial point at the left end of bridge.
H

MAXIMUM DISCHARGE.--Maximum recorded discharge 7,470 cfs on Sept. 22, 1979;
gage-height 16.42 ft. Flood of 1940 reached a stage of about 18 ft. (from
information provided by local resident). Flood of August 30, 1964 reached a
stage of 14.85 ft, 6,450 cfs.
MINIMUM DISCHARGE.--16 cfs, July 22, 1986.
POINT OF ZERO FLOW.--0.1 ft (approximately).
REGULATION AND DIVERSION.--None known.
WINTER FLOW.--Affected by ice during extremely cold weather.
COOPERATION.--N.C. Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers, Wilmington District.
CLASSIFICATION.--(A-21) Area-secondary.
ACCURACY.--Records good.
REFERENCE MARKS.-- RM 2: (Established 03-11-64): Chiseled square in right
upstream bridge abutment. Used as origin.
Elevation 27.236 ft (4-80)
RM 3: (Established 03-11-64) Chiseled square in right
downstream bridge abutment.
Elevation
Elevation
Elevation
Elevation
Elevation
Elevation
27.253
27.249
27.250
27.251
27.253
27.255
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
(04-80)
(06-83)
(12-83)
(12-87)
(08-89)
(07-93)

RM 5: (Established 03-25-64): Chiseled square on rock
outcrop on right bank under upstream side of bridge at
waters edge.
Elevation 6.040 ft (04-80)
Elevation 6.034 ft (06-83)
Elevation 6.039 ft (12-87)
Elevation 6.040 ft (07-89)
Elevation 6.045 ft (07-93)
RM 6: (Established 08-25-64): Chiseled square on the
upstream streamward corner of orifice block. Judged
unreliable due to movement/settlement of the orifice block
Elevation 2.647 ft (04-80)
Elevation 2.647 ft (12-87)
Elevation 1.702 ft (07-89)
Elevation 2.568 ft (04-92)
RM 9: Top of a 8" harrow tooth driven flush in concrete
apron, at downstream side of gage shelter. RM is 1 foot
downstream from center of gage shelter.
Elevation
Elevation
Elevation
Elevation
Elevation
Elevation
29.712
29.693
29.696
29.690
29.687
29.653
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
(04-80)
(06-83)
(12-83)
(12-87)
(07-89)
(07-93)
RM 10: (Established 12-19-83) Four hacksaw cut marks at
streamward side of third guardrail support post on
upstream side of bridge.
Elevation 32.503 ft (12-83)
Elevation 32.500 ft (12-87)
Elevation 32.503 ft (07-89)
RM 11: (Established 07-27-89) Chiseled square near
downstream landward corner of concrete orifice block.
Chiseled square is at impression left in concrete by
2 x 4 wood form.
Elevation: 2.781 ft (07-89)

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UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WATER RESOURCES DIVISION

Description revised 4-28-2000
By: JI Marlowe
DESCRIPTION OF GAGING STATION 02102908 FLAT CREEK NEAR INVERNESS, N.C.
LOCATION.--Lat 35 1015411, long 79 10140", Hoke County, Hydrologic Unit 03030004,
on property of Fort Bragg military reservation, on left bank 25 ft downstream
from culvert on Manchester Road, 0.4 miles upstream from mouth, and 3.6 miles
east of Inverness, N.C.
DRAINAGE AREA.--7.63 square miles.
ESTABLISHMENT AND HISTORY.--Established May 17, 1968, by USGS.
RECORDS AVAILABLE.--May 10, 1968 to present; published record began June 1,
1968.
GAGE.--USGS Sutron 8200 data-collection platform (DCP ID 170C1100) and Handar
436a shaft encoder with a 15-minute recording interval, referenced to an
electric-tape gage housed in an aluminum shelter, mounted on a 30 in. corrugated
metal pipe (CMP) well. The gage house and well are on left bank, 25 ft below
Manchester Road and approximately 8 ft landward from left edge of stream.
Outside staff plates ranging from 0.0 to 6.3 ft are located on a wooden post set
in concrete near the gage in left edge of channel. The well is open to the
stream by two 2-inch galvanized pipes, the lower being 13 ft long and the upper
8 ft long. A plunger-type flushing device is connected to the lower intake pipe.
An inspection door which is located on streamward side of well, is 6 ft above
bottom of well.
A raingage equipped with a Fisher/Porter ADR was discontinued at this site on
March 2, 1982. A tipping bucket raingage which was attached to the top of the
shelter and connected to the Sutron DCP was discontinued and removed from the
site on Feb. 6, 1998. A separate installation with a tipping bucket raingage
which is connected to the DCP was installed at the site on March 23, 2000.
Elevation to gage datum of:
Upper intake 01.12 ft
Lower intake 00.11 ft
Bottom of well -0.62 ft
Well door bottom 05.44 ft
Shelter base 12.51 ft
Top of house 15.31 ft
Will record to 12.30 ft
Point of zero flow 0.60 ft
ELEVATION.--Datum of gage is 191.18 ft above sea level. Sea-level datum of 1929
through medium of Southeastern Supplementary Adjustment of 1936.
OBSERVER.--None.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL.--Channel has been dredged and cleaned for approximately 125
ft above and 127 ft below the gage. Streambed is firm, consisting of clay, with
some sand and gravel. Both right and left banks slope upward very gently to
approximately 4 ft above the edges of the channel. Downstream from gage, both
banks are lower and slope more gently with fairly dense vegetation covering the
low flood plain areas. Overflow occurs at stages around 2.5 ft. The low-stage
control is a firm clay bar that contains some sand and gravel. Medium and high
stages are controlled by the natural channel.
DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS.--Made by wading at low to medium-high stages. Excellent
wading sections are located either above or below the gage. Flood-stage
measurements are made from the upstream end of the culvert where a wooden
handrail was installed and is marked at 1 ft intervals for the entire length of
culvert.
CABLEWAY.--None.
MAXIMUM DISCHARGE.--394 cfs, gage height 7.30 ft on April 1, 1973.
MINIMUM DISCHARGE.--1.9 cfs on June 7, 1988, minimum discharge for some years is
affected by regulation from unknown source.
POINT OF ZERO FLOW.--0.14 ft (measured 05-12-94).
REGULATION AND DIVERSION.--Some diurnal fluctuation at low flow during growing
season. Minimum discharge for some years affected by regulation from unknown
source.
WINTER FLOW.--May be affected by ice during extreme cold weather.
COOPERATION.--Station constructed and operated by USGS in cooperation with North
Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources.
CLASSIFICATION,--Current purposes, hydrologic station.
PHOTOGRAPHS.--Color slides and photographs of gage site on file in District
office.

REFERENCE MARKS.--RM 1: (Est.05-17-68) Chiseled square cut in downstream corner
of left downstream headwall
Elevation: 14.188 ft (06-06-92)
Elevation: 14.189 ft (01-22-96)
Elevation: 14.178 ft (09-26-97)
RM 2: (Est.05-17-68) Bolt 2 ft above ground in telephone pole 10 ft downstream
' from gage house on left bank. Use as origin.
Elevation: 09.166 ft (05-17-68)
RM 3: (Est.05-21-74) Chiseled square cut in upstream headwall at
left edge of stream.
Elevation: 14.250 ft (06-06-92)
Elevation: 14.264 ft (01-22-96)
' Elevation: 14.257 ft (09-26-97)
' ET Index:
Elevation: 12.541 ft (06-06-92)
Elevation: 12.530 ft (01-22-96)
Elevation: 12.530 ft (09-26-97)

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CONSERVATION EASEMENT EXAMPLE
CONSERVATION TRUST FOR NC
NORTH CAROLINA 3-2000
COUNTY
CONSERVATION EASEMENT
This Grant of Conservation Easement (hereinafter "Conservation Easement") is made the
day of , by , whose address is
and whose Social Security number/tax identification number is
(hereinafter "Grantor") and CONSERVATION TRUST FOR NORTH
CAROLINA, a North Carolina nonprofit corporation with an address of Post Office Box 33333,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3333 (hereinafter "Grantee").
The designation Grantor and Grantee as used herein shall include said parties, their heirs,
successors, and assigns, and shall include singular, plural, masculine, feminine, or neuter
pronouns are required by context.
RECITALS
A. The Grantor is the sole owner in fee simple of the property ("Property"), legally described
in Exhibit A, attached hereto and incorporated by this reference, which consists of approximately
acres located in County, North Carolina, and is generally known as
B. The Grantee is a nonprofit corporation operated primarily for conservation purposes
including protection of environmentally valuable and sensitive land for charitable, scientific,
education, and aesthetic purposes. Grantee is a tax exempt public charity under Section 501(c)(3)
and 509(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code, is authorized by the laws of the State of North
Carolina to accept, hold, and administer interest in land including conservation easements, is willing
to accept this Conservation Easement under the terms and conditions hereinafter described, and
is a "qualified organization" and an "eligible donee" within the meaning of Section 170(h)(3) of the
Internal Revenue Code and regulations promulgated thereunder.
C. The Property is a significant natural area that qualifies in its present condition as a " ...
relatively natural habitat of fish, wildlife, or plants, or similar ecosystem," as that phrase is used in
P.L. 96-541, 26 USC 170(h)(4)(A)(ii), as amended, and in regulations promulgated thereunder.
Specifically, the Property is habitat for ... [elaborate on natural habitats, native plans and
animals, ecological significance].
D. The Grantor and Grantee have the common purpose of conserving the above-described
conservation values of the Property in perpetuity, and the State of North Carolina has authorized
the creation of Conservation Easements pursuant to the terms of the North Carolina Conservation
and Historic Preservation Agreements Act, N.C.G.S. 121-34 et seq., and G.S. 160A-266 to 279,
which provide for the enforceability of restrictions, easements, covenants, or conditions
"appropriate to retaining land orwater areas predominantly in their natural, scenic or open condition
or in agricultural, horticultural, farming, or forest uses," and which provides for tax assessment of

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lands subject to such agreements "on the basis of the true value of the land and improvements less
any reduction in value caused by the agreement" and the Grantor and Grantee wish to avail
themselves of the provisions of that law.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Grantor, for and consideration of the facts recited above and of
the mutual covenants, terms, conditions, and restrictions contained herein and as an absolute and
unconditional gift, hereby gives, grants, and conveys unto the Grantee, its successors and assigns,
forever and in perpetuity for the benefit of the people of North Carolina, a Conservation Easement
over the Property of the nature and character as follows.
1. PURPOSE. The purposes of this Conservation Easement are to ensure that the
Property will be retained forever predominantly in its (e.g., natural, scenic, forested, and/or open
space) conditions; to protect native plants, animals, or plant communities on the Property while
allowing traditional uses on the property that are compatible with and not destructive of the
conservation values of the property such as (limited residential construction, selective timber
harvesting, grazing and farming of existing pastures and fields, and hunting); and to prevent any
use of the Property that will significantly impair or interfere with conservation values or interests of
the Property.
Grantor will not perform, nor knowingly allow others to perform, any act on or affecting the
Property that is inconsistent with the purposes of this Conservation Easement. However, unless
otherwise specified below, nothing in this Conservation Easement shall require the Grantor to take
any action to restore the condition of the Property after any act of God or other event over which
Grantor had no control. Grantor understands that nothing in this Conservation Easement relieves
them of any obligation or restriction on the use of the Property imposed by law.
2. PROPERTY USES. Any activity on, or use of, the Property inconsistent with the
purposes of this Conservation Easement is prohibited. The Property shall be maintained in its
natural, scenic, and open condition and restricted from any development that would significantly
impair or interfere with the conservation values of the Property. Without limiting the generality of
the foregoing, the following is a listing of activities and uses which are expressly prohibited or which
are expressly allowed. Grantor and Grantee have determined that the allowed activities do not
impair the conservation values of the Property. Additional retained rights of Grantor are set forth
in Paragraph 3 below.
2.1 Subdivision. The Property may not be divided, subdivided, or partitioned nor
conveyed except in its current configuration as an entity.
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2.2 Construction. Grantor shall have the right to construct and maintain
(complete)
The new construction shall be sited as to cause the least disturbance to the
conservation values of the Property. The location and design of the new construc-
tion shall be subject to the approval of the Grantee; Grantee agrees that if the
location and design of the new building meet the above standards, its approval shall
not be unreasonably withheld. (Or the new construction shall be located on an
approved site as defined by Exhibit B to this Conservation Easement.) No other

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structures may be placed or constructed on the Property. Furthermore, there shall
be no constructing or placing of any recreational court, airplane landing strip,
billboard, or other advertising display, utility pole (other than those necessary to
service the Property's improvements), utility tower, conduit, or line on or above the
Property. Outdoor lighting shall be placed and shielded in order to minimize the
impact on surrounding areas.
2.3 Existing Improvements. Grantor shall have the right to maintain, remodel, and
repair existing structures, fences, and other improvements and, in the event of their
destruction, to reconstruct any such existing improvements with another of similar
size, function, capacity, location, and material.
2.4 Timber Harvest. (Grantor shall have the right to harvest timber from the Property
in order to provide firewood for residences allowed on the Property and for
maintaining allowed structures and improvements on the Property such as
residences, barn, fences while protecting soil stability, water quality, and other
conservation values of the Property, including without limitation, riparian and wildlife
habitat and scenic values. Selective timbering shall not include harvesting riparian
plantings established for natural stability of the environment. No additional timber
harvesting shall be allowed.
Selective timber harvest and timber management practices may continue on the
Property for the following purposes.
1. Removal of any trees encroaching upon existing structures in order to
prevent damage to existing structures.
2. Removal of dead wood or trees as necessary to control or prevent imminent
hazard, disease, or fire.
3. Prohibiting the spread of non-native plants and the disturbance of any plant
community habitat except as otherwise allowed.
All timbering activities shall be conducted only in accordance with Best Manage-
ment Practices guidelines for timber harvest and management as the same may be
promulgated by law or regulation in the State of North Carolina and as adopted by
the North Carolina organization of professional foresters, as amended from time to
time and provided further that all such activities shall be either specifically approved
by the Grantee or shall be in accordance with a Forest Management Plan which
shall be in writing and approved by Grantor (and Grantee), and may be amended
from time to time and provided further that all timber roads shall be conducted of
permeable materials and shall be no wider than ten feet.
2.5 Grazing. Grantor shall not graze or pasture domestic animals on the Property for
commercial purposes.
2.6 Recreational Use. Grantor shall have the right to engage in and permit others,
whether or not for consideration, to engage in recreational uses of the Property,
including, but not limited to, hiking, camping, picnicking, horseback riding, non-
motorized bicycling, lawful hunting and fishing, and other recreational uses that
require no buildings, facilities, surface alteration, or other development of the land.

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Grantor reserves the right to promulgate and enforce reasonable rules and
regulations for all activities incident to recreational use of the Property, including, but
not limited to, the right to prohibit any recreational use that would permit destruction
of other significant conservation value of the Property.
2.7 Excavation. There shall be no filling, excavation, dredging, mining, or drill; no
removal of topsoil, sand gravel, rock, peat, minerals, or other materials; and no
change in the topography of the land in any manner except as necessary to allow
the construction of the improvements allowed above, the maintenance of existing
roads, hiking and horseback trails, and for the purpose of combating erosion or
flooding.
2.8 Destruction of Plants. Grantor shall have the right to cut and remove diseased
trees, shrubs, or other plants and to cut firebreaks, subject to prior approval by the
Grantee, except that such approval shall not be required in case of emergency
firebreaks. Grantor shall also have the right to cut and remove trees, shrubs, or
other plants, maintain a six-foot mowed clearing adjacent and along inside of
fencing for maintenance purposes to accommodate the activities expressly allowed
under this easement. There shall be no additional removal, harvesting, destruction,
or cutting of native trees, shrubs, or other plants. Except for use around improve-
ments or in gardens, there shall be no planting of non-native trees, shrubs, or other
plants on the Property. Furthermore, except to accommodate the activities
expressly permitted in this easement, there shall be no use of fertilizers, plowing,
introduction of non-native animals, or disturbance or change in the natural habitat
in any manner.
2.9 Water Quality and Drainage Patterns. There shall be no pollution of surface water,
natural watercourses, lakes, ponds, marshes, subsurface water, or any other water
bodies nor shall activities be conducted on the Property that would be detrimental
to water purity or that could alter the natural water level or flow in or over the
Property. Other than the construction of a well to serve allowed improvements,
there shall be no alteration, depletion, or extraction of surface water, natural
watercourses, lakes, ponds, marshes, subsurface water, or any other water bodies
on the Property. Diking, draining, filling or removal of wetlands is prohibited.
Grantor reserves the right to have access to and use of water, including the
construction and maintenance of flues, from any existing springs and creeks on the
protected Property and the right to drill wells on the protected Property to provide
water incident to the exercise on any reserved rights set forth herein or for use on
adjacent property owned by Grantor.
2.10 Signage. No signs or billboards or other advertising displays are allowed on the
Property except that signs whose placement, number, and design do not
significantly diminish the scenic character of the Property may be displayed to
identify trails and the conservation values of the Property, to identify the name and
address of the Property and the names of persons living on the Property, to give
directions, to advertise or regulate permitted uses on the Property, and proscribe
rules and regulations for recreational use of the protected Property, to advertise the
Property for sale or rent, and to post the Property against trespassers.

2.11 No Biocides. There shall be no use of pesticides or biocides including, but not
limited to, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and herbicides excepts as
approved by Grantee to control invasive species detrimental to the conservation
values of the Property and except as needed around improvements on the Property
and in existing agricultural fields.
2.12 No Dumping. There shall be no storage or dumping of trash, garbage, abandoned
vehicles, appliances, or machinery or other unsightly or offensive material,
hazardous substance, or toxic waste on the Property (except the short-term storage
of household garbage and waste). There shall be no changing of the topography
through the placing of soil or other substance or material such as landfill or dredging
spoils nor shall activities be conducted on the Property or on adjacent property
owned by Grantor that could cause erosion or siltation on the Property.
L 2.13 Predator Control. Grantor shall have the right to control, destroy, or trap predatory
and problem animals which pose a material threat to livestock and/or humans by
means and methods approved by the Grantee. The method employed shall be
selective and specific to individuals rather than broadcast, nonselective techniques.
2.14 Commercial Development. Any commercial or industrial use of or activity on the
Property other than those relating to agriculture, silviculture, recreation, or home
businesses as permitted herein is prohibited.
3. ADDITIONAL RIGHTS RETAINED BY GRANTOR. Grantor retains the following
additional rights.
3.1 Existinq Uses. The right to undertake or continue any activity or use of the Property
not prohibited by this Conservation Easement. Prior to making any change in use
of the Property, Grantor shall notify Grantee in writing to allow Grantee a reason-
able opportunity to determine whether such change would violate the terms of this
Conservation Easement.

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3.2. Transfer. The right to sell, give, mortgage, lease, or otherwise convey the Property
subject to the terms of this Conservation Easement.
4. GRANTEE'S RIGHTS. To accomplish the purpose of this Conservation Easement,
the following rights are granted to Grantee by this Conservation Easement.
4.1 Right to Protect. The right to preserve and protect the conservation values of the
Property and enforce the terms of this Conservation Easement.
4.2 Right of Entry. Grantee, its employees, representatives, and agents and its
successors and assigns have the right, after prior written notice to Grantor, to enter
the protected property at reasonable times for the purposes of inspecting the
protected Property to determine whether the Grantor, its representatives, assigns,
heirs, and successors are complying with the covenants and purposes of this
Conservation Easement.

4.3 Monitoring and Research. The right, but not the obligation, to monitor the native
plant and wildlife populations, plant communities, and natural habitats on the
Property. Grantor agrees that all monitoring activity, inventory, and assessment
work or other natural resource research conducted by the Grantor or others shall
be reported to the Grantee.
4.4 Management of Exotic and Invasive Species. The right, but not the obligation, to
control, manage, or destroy exotic non-native species or invasive species of plants
and animals that threaten the conservation values of the Property. Grantee will
consult with Grantor prior to implementing control activities.
5. RESPONSIBILITIES OF GRANTOR AND GRANTEE NOT AFFECTED. Otherthan
as specified herein, this Conservation Easement is not intended to impose any legal or other
responsibility on the Grantor or in any way to affect any existing obligation of the Grantor as owner
of the Property. Among other things, this shall apply to the following.
5.1 Taxes. The Grantor shall be solely responsible for payment of all taxes and
I assessments levied against the Property.
5.2 Upkeep and Maintenance. The Grantor shall be solely responsible for the upkeep
and maintenance of the Property to the extent that it may be required by law. The
Grantee shall have no obligation for the upkeep or maintenance of the Property.
6. ACCESS. No right of access by the general public to any portion of the Property
is conveyed by this Conservation Easement. However, the public has the right to view the Property
from adjacent publicly accessible areas such as public roads and waterways.
7. ENFORCEMENT. The Grantee shall have the right to prevent and correct violations
of the terms of this Conservation Easement.
A. With advance written notice, the Grantee may enter the Property for the purpose of
inspecting for violations. If the Grantee finds what is a violation, it may at its
discretion take appropriate legal action. Except when an ongoing or imminent
violation could substantially diminish or impair the conservation values of the
Property, the Grantee shall give the Grantor written notice of the violation and 60
days to correct it (or begin good faith efforts to correct in the event that the violation
is something which cannot be reasonably corrected in 60 days) before filing any
legal actions. If a court with jurisdiction determines that a violation may exist or has
occurred, the Grantee may obtain an injunction to stop it, temporarily or perma-
nently. A court may also issue an injunction requiring the Grantor to restore the
Property to its condition prior to the violation. The failure of the Grantee to discover
a violation or to take immediate legal action shall not bar it from doing so at a later
time.
B. Nothing contained in this Conservation Easement shall be construed to entitle
Grantee to bring any action against Grantor for any injury or change in the Property
caused by third parties, resulting from causes beyond the Grantor's control
including, without limitation, fire, flood, storm, and earth movement or from any
r prudent action taken in good faith by the Grantor under emergency conditions to

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prevent, abate, or mitigate significant injury to life, damage to property, or harm to
the Property resulting from such action.
8. TRANSFER OF EASEMENT. The parties recognize and agree that the benefits of
this easement are in gross and assignable. The Grantee shall have the right to transfer or assign
this Conservation Easement to any qualified organization that is at the time of transfer a "qualified
organization" under Section 170(h) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, and the organization
expressly agrees to assume the responsibility imposed on the Grantee by this Conservation
Easement. If the Grantee ever ceases to exist or no longer qualifies under Section 170(h) or
applicable State law, a court with jurisdiction shall transfer this easement to another qualified
organization having similar purposes that agrees to assume the responsibility.
9. TRANSFER OF PROPERTY. Any time that the Property, or any interest therein,
is transferred by the Grantor to any third party, the Grantor shall notify the Grantee in writing at
least 30 days prior to the transfer of the Property, and the document of conveyance shall expressly
refer to this Conservation Easement.
10. AMENDMENT OF EASEMENT. This easement may be amended only with the
written consent of Grantor and Grantee. Any such amendment shall be consistent with the
purposes of this Conservation Easement and shall comply with Section 170(h) of the Internal
Revenue Code or any regulations promulgated in accordance with that section. Any such
amendment shall also be consistent with the Uniform Conservation and Historic Preservation
Agreements Act, N.C.G.S. Section 121-34 et. seq. or any regulations promulgated pursuant to that
law. The Grantor and Grantee have no right or power to agree to any amendment that would affect
the enforceability of this Conservation Easement.
11. TERMINATION OF EASEMENT. If it is determined that conditions on or
surrounding the Property have changed so much that it is impossible to fulfill the conservation
purposes set forth above, a court with jurisdiction may, at the joint request of both the Grantor and
Grantee, terminate this Conservation Easement.
If condemnation of a part of the Property or the entire Property by public authority renders
it impossible to fulfill any of these conservation purposes, the Conservation Easement may be
terminated through condemnation proceedings.
At the time of the conveyance of the Conservation Easement to the Grantee, this
Conservation Easement gives rise to a real property right, immediately vested in the Grantee. If
the easement is terminated and the Property is sold or taken for public use, then, as required by
Section 1.170A-14(g)(6) of the IRS regulations, the Grantee shall be entitled to a percentage of the
gross sale proceeds or condemnation award (minus any amount attributed to new improvements
made after the date of the conveyance which amount shall be reserved to Grantor), equal to the
ratio of the appraised value of this easement to the unrestricted fair market value of the Property,
as these values are determined on the date of this Conservation Easement. The Grantee shall use
the proceeds consistently with the conservation purposes of this Conservation Easement.
12. INTERPRETATION. This Conservation Easement shall be interpreted under the
laws of North Carolina, resolving any ambiguities and questions of the validity of specific provisions
as to give maximum effect to its conservation purposes.

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13. INDEMNIFICATION. Each party agrees to release, hold harmless, defend, and
indemnify the other from any and all liabilities including, but not limited to, injury, losses, damages,
judgments, costs, expenses, and fees that the indemnified party may suffer or incur as a result of
or arising out of the activities of the other party on the Property.
14. TITLE. The Grantee covenants and represents that the Grantor is the sole owner
and is seized of the Property in fee simple and has good right to grant and convey this
Conservation Easement; that the Property is free and clear of any and all encumbrances, including
but not limited to any mortgages not subordinated to this Conservation Easement, and that the
Grantee shall have the use of and enjoy all the benefits derived from and arising out of this
Conservation Easement. NOTE: If any mortgages exist, they must be subordinated.
15. NOTICES. Any notices required by this Conservation Easement shall be in writing
and shall be personally delivered or sent by first class mail to Grantor and Grantee, respectively,
at the following addresses, unless a party has been notified by the other of a change of address.
To Grantor:
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To the Grantee:
Conservation Trust for North Carolina
Post Office Box 33333
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3333
16. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION. The Grantor warrants that it has no actual
knowledge of a release or threatened release of hazardous substances or wastes on the Property.
17. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Conservation Easement is found to be
invalid, the remaining provisions shall not be altered thereby.
18. PARTIES. Every provision of this Conservation Easement that applies to the
Grantor or Grantee shall also apply to their respective heirs, executors, administrators, assigns,
and all other successors as their interest may appear.
19. RE-RECORDING. In order to ensure the perpetual enforceability of the
Conservation Easement, the Grantee is authorized to re-record this instrument or any other
appropriate notice or instrument.
20. MERGER. The parties agree that the terms of this Conservation Easement shall
survive any merger of the fee and easement interest in the Property.
21. SUBSEQUENT LIENS ON PROPERTY. No provisions of this Conservation
Easement should be construed as impairing the ability of Grantor to use this Property as collateral
for subsequent borrowing, provided that any mortgage or lien arising from such a borrowing would
be subordinate to this Conservation Easement.
22. EXHIBIT AND DOCUMENTATION.
A. Legal Description. Exhibit A, Legal Description of the protected Property is attached
hereto and made a part hereof by reference.
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23. ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This instrument sets forth the entire agreement of the
parties with respect to the Conservation Easement and supersedes all prior discussions,
negotiations, understandings or agreements relating to the Conservation Easement. If any
provision is found to be invalid, the remainder of the provisions of this Conservation Easement and
the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is
found to be invalid, shall not be affected thereby.
24. ACCEPTANCE AND EFFECTIVE DATE. As attested by the Seal of the Grantee
and the signature of its authorized representative affixed hereto, the Grantee hereby accepts
without reservation the rights and responsibilities conveyed by this Conservation Easement. This
Conservation Easement is to be effective the date recorded in the County Registry
of Deeds.
TO HAVE AND TO HOLD, this Grant of Conservation Easement unto the Conservation
Trust for North Carolina, its successors and assigns, forever.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Grantor and Grantee, intending to legally bind themselves,
have set their hands and seals on the date first written above.
GRANTOR: (Seal)
I Accepted:
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(Seal)
GRANTEE: CONSERVATION TRUST FOR NORTH CAROLINA
(Corporate Seal)
Attest:
Its:
By:
Its:
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF
1, , a Notary Public in and for said County and State,
do hereby certify that personally appeared before me
this day and duly acknowledged the execution of the foregone Conservation Easement.
WITNESS my hand and notarial seal, this Day of
2001.
Notary Public
My commission expires:
NORTH CAROLINA
WAKE COUNTY
(Notary Seal)
(Seal)
1, , a Notary Public of County, North
Carolina, do hereby certify that Charles E. Roe personally appeared before me this day and
acknowledged that he is the Secretary of the Conservation Trust for North Carolina, a non-profit
corporation, and that by authority duly given and as act of the corporation, the foregoing instrument
was signed in its name by its President, sealed with its corporate seal, and attested by
himself as its secretary.
WITNESS my hand and notarial seal, this Day of
2001.
My commission expires:
Notary Public
(Notary Seal)
(Seal)
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
r COUNTY
The foregoing (or annexed) Certificate(s) of
r Notary(ies) Public (is)(are) certified to be correct.
This instrument was filed for Registration on the Day and Hour in the Book and Page shown in the
First page hereof.
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, Register of Deeds
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EXHIBIT A. LEGAL DESCRIPTION
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
May 4, 2001
John Hennessy
NC Division of Water Quality/Wetlands
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Sir:
Y ? ?
.
LYNDo TIPPETT
SECRETARY
We had a field meeting on May 1, 2001 to review the stream mitigation sites for the TIP
Project R-2231, "Ellerbe Bypass". Agency personnel that attended were Dave Timpy-
COE, Dave Cox-WRC, Tom McCartney-USFWS, and Richard Spencer-COE. As you are
aware, there were not any agents from NC DWQ present at the meeting. The review
team has requested that Dave Penrose attend an additional field meeting along with you
to review these sites again. Several other agency personnel may attend, if meeting dates
are available.
I have enclosed a copy of the field handouts for your review. Please contact me when
you will be available to visit these sites, by e-mail or telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
Jeff Burleson
Cc: R-2231 mitigation file
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW.DOH.DOT.STATE.NC.US
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC

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Field View Handout for the Ellerbe Bypass
Stream Mitigation Project
Montgomery and Richmond Counties,
North Carolina

Prepared By:
SKELLYaNO LOY
ENGINEERING . ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSULTANTS
J .,
?C H MC
03041020'

ay 1, 2001° 6.
Prepared For:
North Carolina
Department of Transportation

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FIELD VIEW HANDOUT FOR THE
ELLERBE BYPASS
STREAM MITIGATION PROJECT
MONTGOMERY AND RICHMOND COUNTIES,
NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED FOR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ANALYSIS BRANCH
PREPARED BY
SKELLY AND LOY, LLP
6404 FALLS OF THE NEUSE ROAD, SUITE 103
NORTH RIDGE BUSINESS PARK
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27615
AND
SKELLY AND LOY, INC.
ENGINEERS-CONSULTANTS
2601 NORTH FRONT STREET
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17110
MAY 1, 2001
2300006013

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TAB
1.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 14 (WASHINGTON STREET) .................... 1
2.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 15 (CEDAR LANE ROAD) ....................... 2
3.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 16 (MILLSTONE ROAD) ........................ 3
4.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 17 (HAITHCOCK ROAD) ........................ 4
5.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 18 (BENNETT ROAD - 2) ....................... 5
6.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 19 (CLAYTON CARRIKER ROAD) ................ 6
7.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 20 (CARTLEDGE CREEK ROAD) ................. 7
8.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 21 (BEAVERDAM CHURCH ROAD) ............... 8
9.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 22 (DERBY ROAD) ............................ 9
10.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 23 (WIRE ROAD) ............................. 10
11.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 24 (CONCORD CHURCH ROAD) ................. 11
MAPS
PROJECT LOCATION MAP .......................................... Pocket
MITIGATION SEARCH FIELD EFFORT MAP ............................ Pocket

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1.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 14 (WASHINGTON STREET)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 3-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 500 linear feet of new channel reconstruction (BMP No. 1)
• Streambank stabilization proposed on 1,300 linear feet of stream
(BMP No. 2)
• Streambank and riparian planting proposed on 1,800 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
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SKELLY and LOY LLP March 2001 Figure 1
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rk North Carolina Department of Transportation
SITE LOCATION MAP
f ,? y? ?;!??? ?` ` Washington Street Mitigation Site
°he'Pte;Richmond County, North Carolina
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March 2001 1 Figure 1A
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Washington Street Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale- 1" = 400' Project No. 2300006013
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TAR 2.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 15
(CEDAR LANE ROAD)

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2.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 15 (CEDAR LANE ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 5-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 1,500 linear feet of new channel reconstruction (BMP No. 1)
• Streambank and riparian planting proposed on 2,100 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-2-
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North Carolina Department of Transportation
SITE LOCATION MAP
CedarLane Road Mitigation Site
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oos Richmond County North Carolina
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SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Cedar Lane Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 400' Project No. 2300006013
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Figure 2A
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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TAB 3.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 16
(MILLSTONE ROAD)
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3.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 16 (MILLSTONE ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 13-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
.4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 400 linear feet of new channel reconstruction upstream of Millstone
Road and 5,000 linear feet of new channel reconstruction down-
stream of Millstone Road (BMP No. 1)
• Streambank and riparian planting proposed on 5,400 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-3-
Source U.S G.S. 7.5' Quadrangle - Millstone Lake, North Carolina ' /
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North Carolina Department of Transportation
SITE LOCATION MAP
Millstone Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 21000' fob No. 2300006013

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SKELLY and LOY, LLP I March 2001 I Figure 3A
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Millstone Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 800' Project No. 2300006013

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TAB 4.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 17
(HAITHCOCK ROAD)

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4.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 17 (HAITHCOCK ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 7-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 3,000 linear feet of new channel reconstruction (BMP No. 1)
• 2 stabilized cattle crossings (BMP No. 5)
• 8,000 linear feet of streambank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Streambank and riparian plantings proposed on 5,000 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-4-
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Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangles - Mount Gilead East and Mount Gilead West, North Carolina
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP April 2001 Figure 4
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North Carolina Department of Transportation
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SITE LOCATION MAP
Haithcock Road Mitigation Site
/ Montgomery County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 2,000' Project No. 2300006013

Montgomery County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 1000' Project No. 2300006013
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TAB 5.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 18
' (MARVIN MCCASKILL ROAD)

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5.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 18 (BENNETT ROAD - 2)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 15-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• Bank stabilization proposed on 2,500 linear feet of stream (BMP
No. 2)
• 2 stabilized cattle crossings (BMP No. 5)
• 13,800 linear feet of streambank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Streambank and riparian planting proposed on 7,500 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-5-
Source U.S.G.S. 7 5' Quadrangle - Ellerbe, North Carolina
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j _ SKELLY and LOY, LLP April 2001 Figure 5
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North Carolina Department of Transportation
---=-
SITE LOCATION MAP
i? Bennett Road-2 Mitigation Site
?a . BM °. Richmond County, North Carolina
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Scale: 1 - 2,000' Job No. 2300006013
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' TAB 6.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 19
' (CLAYTON CARRIKER ROAD)

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6.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 19 (CLAYTON CARRIKER ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 10-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 9,000 linear feet of stream bank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• 2 stabilized cattle crossings (BMP No. 5)
• Streambank and riparian planting proposed on 4,500 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP March 2001 Figure 6
North Carolina Department of Transportation
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SITE LOCATION MAP
V , -~ Clayton Carriker Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 2,000' 1 Project No. 2300006013

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SKELLY and LOY, LLP I March 2001 I Figure 6A
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Clayton Carriker Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 1000' Project No. 2300006013
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TAE 7.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 20
(CARTLEDGE CREEK ROAD)
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7.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 20 (CARTLEDGE CREEK ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 16.3-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 1,000 linear feet of channel reconstruction (BMP No. 1)
• Bank stabilization proposed on 500 linearfeetof stream (BMP No. 2)
• 3 stabilized cattle crossings (BMP No. 5)
• 13,000 linear feet of streambank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Streambank and riparian plantings proposed on 7,000 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-7-

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SKELLY and LOY, LLP March 2001 Figure 7
North Carolina Department of Transportation
-? SITE LOCATION MAP
Cartledge Creek Road Mitigation Site
- - Richmond County, North Carolina
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Scale: 1" = 2,000' Project No. 2300006013
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?`` f ) A NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Cartledge Creek Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 1000' Project No. 2300006013

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TAB 8.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 21
(BEAVERDAM CHURCH ROAD)

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ERDAM CHURCH ROAD)
8.0 MITIGATION S
NO. 21 (BEA

The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 2.3-acre conservation easement
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3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
' 5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 2,000 linear feet of stream bank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Riparian plantings proposed on 1,000 linear feet of stream (BMP
No. 8)
6. Construction project management
1 7. Five years of monitoring and reporting

-8-

Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangles - Hamlet and Marston, North Carolina
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North Carolina Department of Transportation
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)! Beaverdam Church Road Mitigation Site
drCem V? - I
Al Richmond County, North Carolina
?- 1 Scale: 1" = 2,000' Project No. 2300006013
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` r T , '?a { NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
e 4ow
` - s : r ?V, Beaverdam Church Road Mitigation Site
ijtE Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: V= 400' Project No. 2300006013

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TAB 9.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 22
(DERBY ROAD)

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9.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 22 (DERBY ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 1.1-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 1,200 linear feet of stream bank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Riparian plantings proposed on 600 linear feet of stream (BMP
No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-9-
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Source: U.S G.S. 7.5' Quadrangles - Hoffman and Millstone Lake, North Carolina
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SITE LOCATION 461
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SKELLY and LOY1 LLP April 2001 Figure 9
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North Carolina Department of Transportation
I
SITE LOCATION MAP
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Derby Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
?. I III
Scale: 1" = 2,000' Project No. 2300006013

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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
;?... SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
sr Derby Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
' Scale: 1" = 600' Project No. 2300006013
`.... e VA*

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TAB 10.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 23
(WIRE ROAD)

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10.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 23 (WIRE ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 6.9-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 6,000 linear feet of stream bank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Riparian plantings proposed on 6,000 linear feet of stream (BMP
No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-10-
Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangles - Laurinburg, Silver Hill, Wagram, and Wakulla, North Carolina
?, -"--- it It -t -?,
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP April 2001 T Figure 10
North Carolina Department of Transportation
-ate
SITE LOCATION MAP
/ I III ". II ?? ? ? -
Wire Road Mitigation Site
Scotland County, North Carolina
"- Scale: 1" = 2,000' Project No. 2300006013
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
i
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Wire Road Mitigation Site
sx?:. ?r Scotland County, North Carolina
YK Vie. y6 t
Scale: V= 800' Project No. 2300006013
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TAB 11.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 24
(CONCORD CHURCH ROAD)

1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
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1
1
1
1
1
11.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 24 (CONCORD CHURCH ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. An 8.3-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 3,600 linear feet of new channel reconstruction (BMP No. 1)
• 7,200 linear feet of streambank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Streambank and riparian plantings proposed on 3,600 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
- 11 -
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangle - Harrisville, North Carolina
rn c`
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP April 2001 Figure 11
' mob'<- - ? ('o?i 1,?•t?n
i j
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Cen
SITE LOCATION MAP
Concord Church Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
_oo
Scale: 1" = 2,000' Job No. 2300006013

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,,
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
May 4, 2001
Dave Penrose
NC Division of Water Quality/Wetlands
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Sir:
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
We had a field meeting on May 1, 2001 to review the stream mitigation sites for the TIP
Project R-2231, "Ellerbe Bypass". Agency personnel that attended were Dave Timpy-
COE, Dave Cox-WRC, Tom McCartney-USFWS, and Richard Spencer-COE. As you are
aware, there were not any agents from NC DWQ present at the meeting. The review
team has requested that John Hennessy attend an additional field meeting along with you
to review these sites. Several other agency personnel may attend, if meeting dates are
ava> a e.
I have enclosed a copy of the field hand
you will be available to visit these sites,
Sincerely,
for your review. Please contact me when
e-mail or telephone [phone].
V)L) 4GJ-)
Je f Burleson
Cc: R-2231 mitigation file
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
? ?_ ?Y_, ?? ?
Y
u?`
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE. WWW. DOH. DOT. STATE. NC. US
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC
YA1__
? Ficld View Handout for the Ellerbe Bypass
? Stream Mitigation Project
? Montgomery and Richmond Counties,
North Carolina

Prepared By:
SKELLYAND LOY
ENGINEERING • ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSULTANTS

010CO-H M O
gh .a
May 1, 2001

;Arita
Prepared For:
North Carolina
Department of Transportation

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FIELD VIEW HANDOUT FOR THE
ELLERBE BYPASS
STREAM MITIGATION PROJECT
MONTGOMERY AND RICHMOND COUNTIES,
NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED FOR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ANALYSIS BRANCH
PREPARED BY
SKELLY AND LOY, LLP
6404 FALLS OF THE NEUSE ROAD, SUITE 103
NORTH RIDGE BUSINESS PARK
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27615
AND
SKELLY AND LOY, INC.
ENGINEERS-CONSULTANTS
2601 NORTH FRONT STREET
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17110
MAY 1, 2001
2300006013
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TAB
1.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 14 (WASHINGTON STREET) .................... 1
2.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 15 (CEDAR LANE ROAD) ....................... 2
3.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 16 (MILLSTONE ROAD) ........................ 3
4.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 17 (HAITHCOCK ROAD) ........................ 4
5.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 18 (BENNETT ROAD - 2) ....................... 5 v
6.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 19 (CLAYTON CARRIKER ROAD) ................ 6
7.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 20 (CARTLEDGE CREEK ROAD) ................. 7
8.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 21 (BEAVERDAM CHURCH ROAD) ............... 8
9.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 22 (DERBY ROAD) ............................ 9
10.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 23 (WIRE ROAD) ............................. 10
11.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 24 (CONCORD CHURCH ROAD) ................. 11
MAPS
PROJECT LOCATION MAP .......................................... Pocket
MITIGATION SEARCH FIELD EFFORT MAP ............................ Pocket

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TAB 1.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 14
(WASHINGTON STREET)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 14 (WASHINGTON STREET)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 3-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 500 linear feet of new channel reconstruction (BMP No. 1)
• Streambank stabilization proposed on 1,300 linear feet of stream
(BMP No. 2)
• Streambank and riparian planting proposed on 1,800 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
- 1 -
Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangle - Hamlet, North Carolina /
? "or \ _ ' lac` ?? ? v ` ? j iii ? ? ? ? _` ??:/'? r ?/•? ? ii;' ( ? /?.
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1424, -
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP March 2001 Figure 1
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(lerov?a+ ark North Carolina Department of Transportation
Gem BtEry
SITE LOCATION MAP
Washington Street Mitigation Site
_10rloe In
The ter- t Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1 - 2,000' Project No. 2300006013
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP March 2001
A,
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Figure 1A
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Washington Street Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 400' Project No. 2300006013

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MITIGATION SITE NO. 15
(CEDAR LANE ROAD)

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2.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 15 (CEDAR LANE ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 5-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 1,500 linear feet of new channel reconstruction (BMP No. 1)
• Streambank and riparian planting proposed on 2,100 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-2-
Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangles - Norman and West End, North Carolina
? 1 I
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> SITE LOCATION
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-77
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP April 2001 Figure 2
\1 _.I! ly,g?'` 1 f` North Carolina Department of Transportation
SITE Cedar Lane Road Mitigation LOCATION MAP
Site
' I \
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 2,000' Job No. 2300006013
1 --

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SKELLY and LOY, LLP March 2001 Figure 2A
j .1 i 'F f NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Cedar Lane Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 400' Project No. 2300006013

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TAB 3.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 16
(MILLSTONE ROAD)

I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 16 (MILLSTONE ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 13-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
.4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 400 linear feet of new channel reconstruction upstream of Millstone
Road and 5,000 linear feet of new channel reconstruction down-
stream of Millstone Road (BMP No. 1)
• Streambank and riparian planting proposed on 5,400 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-3-
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?? f ^a
Source: U.S G.S. 7.5' Quadrangle - Millstone Lake, North Carolina/
ICI,?` ?ii1 ??-`JI ,?' 8` ??'`? `I (.??/ 1\i ?,I ? l I ? ?',, ??,'?? ? C??J)??s ?1?
?1(i
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SITE LOCATION,
?_ ??? , ?? /,?/ \I?? j?) ??'` 1 - ?_ I \\ _,? l 1 J !f N2tsU LeAh" . ?? S (.. I L? ?? ?r?° ?1v
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP April 2001 Figure 3
North Carolina Department of Transportation
SITE LOCATION MAP
Millstone Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Job No. 2300006013
Scale: 1 - 2,000

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SKELLY and LOY, LLP I March 2001 I Figure 3A
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Millstone Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 800' Project No. 2300006013

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TAB 4.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 17
(HAITHCOCK ROAD)

4.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 17 (HAITHCOCK ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 7-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 3,000 linear feet of new channel reconstruction (BMP No. 1)
0 2 stabilized cattle crossings (BMP No. 5)
• 8,000 linear feet of streambank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Streambank and riparian plantings proposed on 5,000 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-4-

Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangles - Mount Gilead East and Mount Gilead West, North Carolina.
I ?\
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1 ' -J J O17>G Pa?? o
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP April 2001 Figure 4
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North Carolina Department of Transportation
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Haithcock Road Mitigation Site
Montgomery County, North Carolina
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TAB 5.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 18
(MARVIN MCCASKILL ROAD)

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5.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 18 (BENNETT ROAD - 2)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 15-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• Bank stabilization proposed on 2,500 linear feet of stream (BMP
No. 2)
• 2 stabilized cattle crossings (BMP No. 5)
• 13,800 linear feet of streambank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Streambank and riparian planting proposed on 7,500 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-5-

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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
x4 Bennett Road - 2 Mitigation Site
k'
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r xr';':. Richmond County, North Carolina
5 y ?.
Scale: 1" = 1000' Project No. 2300006013
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MITIGATION SITE NO. 19
(CLAYTON CARRIKER ROAD)

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6.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 19 (CLAYTON CARRIKER ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 10-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 9,000 linear feet of stream bank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• 2 stabilized cattle crossings (BMP No. 5)
• Streambank and riparian planting proposed on 4,500 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-6-

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Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangles - Ellerbe and Harrisville, North Carolina

°? l ? °-? moo; ? e>? ? _ ?•??-. _? .? ai
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP I March 2001 1 Figure 6
North Carolina Department of Transportation
SITE LOCATION MAP
Clayton Carriker Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: V = 2,000' 11 Project No. 2300006013

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March 2001 Figure 6A
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
-44-41
sr do ,?,? 3 A"k
Clayton Carriker Road Mitigation Site
+ a" c Richmond County, North Carolina
` ?"? .a : ?` Scale: 1" = 1000' Project No. 2300006013

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TAE 7.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 20
(CARTLEDGE CREEK ROAD)

7.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 20 (CARTLEDGE CREEK ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 16.3-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 1,000 linear feet of channel reconstruction (BMP No. 1)
• Bank stabilization proposed on 500 linear feet of stream (BMP No. 2)
• 3 stabilized cattle crossings (BMP No. 5)
• 13,000 linear feet of streambank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Streambank and riparian plantings proposed on 7,000 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-7-
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"„`;?"? ' - _ SKELLY and LOY, LLP March 2001 T Figure 7
North Carolina Department of Transportation
SITE LOCATION MAP
I Cartledge Creek Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Cerr
Scale: 1" = 2,000' Project No. 2300006013
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I T NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Cartledge Creek Road Mitigation Site
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Richmond County, North Carolina
Jam, 4; Scale: 1" = 1000' Project No. 2300006013

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TAB 8.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 21
(BEAVERDAM CHURCH ROAD)
¦
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 21 (BEAVERDAM CHURCH ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 2.3-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 2,000 linear feet of stream bank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Riparian plantings proposed on 1,000 linear feet of stream (BMP
No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-8-

I I
Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangles - Hamlet and Marston North Carolina
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP March 2001 Figure 8
North Carolina Department of Transportation
SITE LOCATION MAP
Beaverdam Church Road Mitigation Site
i, arCem AV? r
Richmond County, North Carolina
ri- - i'r }
I' =?„ Scale: V = 2,000' Project No. 2300006013
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TAB 9.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 22
(DERBY ROAD)

9.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 22 (DERBY ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 1.1-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 1,200 linear feet of stream bank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Riparian plantings proposed on 600 linear feet of stream (BMP
No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-9-
Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangles - Hoffman and Millstone Lake, North Carolina
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"-i?? ?? r ` SKELLY and LOY, LLP April 2001 Figure 9
North Carolina Department of Transportation
A 'A
SITE LOCATION MAP
Derby Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
- „° Scale: 1" = 2,000' Project No. 2300006013
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP March 2001 Figure 9A
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
.: SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Derby Road Mitigation Site
r
` Richmond County, North Carolina
?° { . _ Scale: 1" = 600' Project No. 2300006013

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TAB 10.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 23
(WIRE ROAD)

t
10.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 23 (WIRE ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. A 6.9-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 6,000 linear feet of stream bank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Riparian plantings proposed on 6,000 linear feet of stream (BMP
No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
-10-
Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangles - Laurinburg, Silver Hill, Wagram, and Wakulla, North Carolina
" =
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP April 2001 Figure 10
North Carolina Department of Transportation
q\
SITE LOCATION MAP
n ?n n I.
-<' Wire Road Mitigation Site
Scotland County, North Carolina
Ins.: ? ,?
Scale: 1" = 2,000' Project No. 2300006013
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TAB 11.0
MITIGATION SITE NO. 24
(CONCORD CHURCH ROAD)

11.0 MITIGATION SITE NO. 24 (CONCORD CHURCH ROAD)
The stream mitigation at this site includes the planning, investigation, design, easements,
construction, monitoring and bonding required to complete the proposed mitigation. The
components of this complete mitigation are as follows.
1. An 8.3-acre conservation easement
2. Planning and environmental assessment
3. Design of the proposed stream mitigation BMP's
4. Preparation of environmental permits as needed
5. Construction of the stream mitigation including the following
• 3,600 linear feet of new channel reconstruction (BMP No. 1)
• 7,200 linear feet of streambank fencing (BMP No. 6)
• Streambank and riparian plantings proposed on 3,600 linear feet of
stream (BMP No. 8)
6. Construction project management
7. Five years of monitoring and reporting
- 11 -
1

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Source: U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangle - Harrisville, North Carolina
i
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SKELLY and LOY, LLP I April 2001

Figure 11
North Carolina Department of Transportation
SITE LOCATION MAP
Concord Church Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina

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SKELLY and LOY, LLP March 2001 Figure 11A.
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
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SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Concord Church Road Mitigation Site
Richmond County, North Carolina
Scale: 1" = 600' Project No. 2300006013
o??? err a rF,?QG
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Mic:2ael F. Easley
Gaver nor
VI-Im---. G. Fass,Jr.Secre!ary
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Kerr T. Steven's
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Michael F. Easley
Governor
Y/Ma_m G. Ross,Jr.Secretary
Qe,-ar-.ct cf E.Tdkc,- -.er3 and Natural Resources
Kerr T. Stevens
Division cf Water Quality
- V'Ysd-:nds4-f i Unit
- -- - Location: 2i421 Gna-?,-- cr, NC 206& --2260
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NCDENR

Gene,
I have included a copy of the ebutriate test This test simulates the
resuspension of sediments into the mater column as a result of water resources
projects. It is regarded as the best procedure of its type for predicting
resuspension potential due to disturirx.--d sediments. The results are usually
reproducible and accurate (US EPA doc. # 68-8-0105, '91 / Brannon, et.al.,
19890). Collective representative composite samples. Analysis should include:
Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, W Pb, Zn, and anything thing else you may have reason
to be concerned about. lY2 the EFL, TELs and PELs depending on what is
available in the table; use tie lowest of the three values for comparison.
If you have any of Fer guesticrs, please contact me.
The Elutriate Test
Field sediment sampling equipment:
? 6 - new 1/2 gallon plastic jugs (to gather site water samples) *
? 4- new 1 gallon plastic zip lock bags (to store site sediment samples)
? appropriate sediment sample gathering device (corer or hand held dredge)
? cooler of ice (to store samples during transport)
? pH meter, conductivity/ salinity meter, dissolved oxygen meter, sechi dish (these meters
are not involved in the elutriate test per se, but are needed to record site conditions which
may play a role in later analysis of the elutriate test results)
* Numbers of jugs and bags is per site sample
Field sediment gathering procedure
1) Calibrate all meters and assemble all equipment before leaving office. Double check all
equipment.
2) At site, collect all site water samples (1/2 gallon jugs). Conduct and record all field meter
readings. (This step must precede step 3 to insure site water sample integrity)
3) Collect sediment samples according to equipment instructions. Collect enough to fill two of
the 1 gallon zip lock bags. Use remaining two zip lock bags to double bag sediment samples-
. ,.. - . _ -
4) Label and place all water and sediment samples in cooler for transport.
22
Laboratory procedure equipment:
? 10% HCl (for cleaning . equipment)
? 102mm diameter / 0.45mm pore size E,:--7s (6)
? l 000ml beaker or large "petn - dish («E 'L,-z used - s:ak filters)
? 5N'i HCl
? plastic tweezers (not metal)
y small plastic scoop (not meta-F)
?? small plastic or rubber spat„t (mot me'r-
parafilm
? 3 new 1/2 gallon plastic jugs
? Geotech® 2.4L forced press= ` 0=1 E r . (or pr--,in=-of si-,; 4a- ee i )
y 6- 250m1 centrifuge bottles
y 6- 1000ml erlenmever flasks
? 1000ml graduated cylinder
? Shaker (capable of 100 excurww per mfimee) -
`` ? centrifuge (capable of handlim Er 250 of bDWes an$operat zd 3000rpm)

x
23
Laboratory Procedure
1) Clean all equipment with alconoxg, or other similar pro` uct, according to lab procedures.
Rinse all equipment with tap water, rinse with 10% HCl so won, and rinse again «ith distilled
water.
2) Pour 200ml of site water (from 1/2 gallon jugs) into 1GXX-=± --adum..d cylinder
3) Using small plastic scoop, add 200 ml of sediment to -a= ?=-i- cyln Ter
4) Add 400m1 more of site water to graduated cylinder-
5) Coyer graduated cylinder with parafilm and she, by ice= inid:F--? Sxin6
6) Pour contents of graduated cylinder into 1000-A erie= -:71,ask-
7) Pour 200ml of site water into graduated cylinder to -seu-iiment zansfer this
into erlenmeyer flask with rest of sample. Coyer op of flask -Adfa paraf m.
8) Repeat steps 1 - 7 until there are 6 - 1000ml e enmeye. fii- ES wi`LH ?--agent - L er mixture.
9) Using mixer, agitate erlenmeyer flasks at 10 mir .pier
agitation is finished, let settle for one hour.
10) Decant supernatant from erlenmeyer flasks into ???oules.
11) Centrifuge it 5000rpm for 30 minutes. (Steps 10 and 11 have t? completed twice to
a:. acconimo 't'he supernatant from 6 -1000 ml mienme er s
12) Decant supernatant from centrifuge bottles into new M n jugs- L2bel juts.
S:"
}"
-11
24
At this stage there should be approximately -+t100m1 of dec-a--ted centrifuged supernatant in 2
plastic gallon jugs. There should aLso be 4 uon-za-ed 112 g???on jugs ofsire water remaining.
Cold store samples.
13) Soak filters (102tnm/ 0.45 pore;i for 2 ham: in beak; -.L -pew = d h_ in 5M Hcl. Handle
only with plastic tweezers.
14) Assemble clean barrel filter a?:inQ zc? 7:r?:ufacr -= _
15) Filter sediment' water sample =gym 2 - i won jt•? --, clI-?:= bottles
used for transport to state labs for s?soc alt = ?? b<?_
16) Clean barrel fiber using process '?ilea a 1
17) Filter unused site waxer from -4-12 i r v :._ ? b• =_ used for transport
to state labs in Raleigh.. Label bow.
J•'?12?
18) Label and pack all samples on ice. Send ip i mhdWt :kr mm?G tee'. _
Note ;Affv v.onnlyproperTy clean' =rj- nmVi11 insu to c mw into contact with any
r sr?_ .u r
;? ,.? samples m Wider to prerewpossib 'pie
17
.:?,
25
:EPA
United States -Science ar)d Technology EPA 823-R-97-006
Environmental Protection (4305) September 1997
Agency
The Incidence And Severity
Of Sediment Contamination
In Surface Waters Of The
United States
Volume 1:
National Sediment
Quality Survey

Appendix D
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12/95
D. BOTTOM SEDIMENT SAMPL.EAPPLICAT2ONS, AND PROCEDURES
Note: For descriptive information acct these samr;=3 see reffim-e<tes.
1. Ekman grab (figure 8)
a. Use in soft finely divided }itx-rail bottcs? a lakes, pant-, and streams that are free from
vegetation (sticks, partia-Ify de caved lei ; etc.) as h as inte.uuxtures of sand, stones, and
other coarse debris.
b. Do not use in ra:eiwat< o: Hah vekx: =5
c. Do not use from i? briL-_ Because =zn-rzger ,, ±+ image _.sj- mechanism.
2. Procedure for Ekm= grab
a. Make sure grab = acera. ectly_ ae _ :b can cz:? sever- Do not activate unit
while holding- is test ryy-ply wit u=: or?? _ ace, while standing
above the unit Rinse i at f i= Lan an b,=--+reen stations.
b. Set grab in opoe-__,sition =smlccmg c?3?:=ng o:_? ja:+_
c. Lower grab in .rte- (nct lvj =T t mes=e== ran
d. Allow grab to s on ba&=_
e. Release messe-? while = --- lime =a?a erx ja_-_?ox-. tD k it straight-
f. When grab has c5D5-=d, lif 2 - ?te>amE ? s?_
g. At sur. xe lift g=E; proz w-z?E_.g osT and _ contents by pulling up
each cable 2 or 5 ? s ?n Yer?o sic ?s? -2)m on iffi--ote-m T:i--- de=ms grab completely.
h. If grab leaks duzxg:h javsgwba2 it is psffe,?' i fhe sm -ica, ]I1S - - s for grit between side pieces
of jaws and w2Xacd reda_?-_ Leah== also acmrw3ie:a>=3 objects are caught
between edges arfb,e oppaaatg:FWS--l fie sample and clean
these parts before..... ,
i. Place sample mkt _ APPq$1-?'-?-
Note: On bridge sampling Wtf an ># "y s to fake 3 samples
(midstream and quarter se li- ) mdkitan osileIra i raaliia=k irtal ne mbdng tub.
r -
V1-4
3:
12/95
3. Petersen grab (figure 9)
a. Use on hard bottoms (sand, gravel, clay, et r--)-
b. Use in strong velocities.
c. Use in very deep water.
d. Use with hoist because of its weight-
4. Procedure for Petersen grab
a. Make sure grab is operating correctly =,d rye ?-- y`-- at Arian and between stations.
b. Move jaws to open position, bring fi-e-- =d of he 5 4-l lock±7_ Lr into position in the
locking notch on upper bzr, ir'sert saiEt-v lots
c. Swing grab o•: e: side, remove safety ? k6c, ---E ?- 510 ? ? b c _om
d. When grab is at Ee bottor ., zlkr,v a = fcr = k ix? 2-2-_-o om th-n slack off on the
line.
e. Resume tension on the line to dose
f. Pull grab to .?, swing kixvard cis ?c =- s,&
g. Place sample i-?ja:r Appvasi m-gtely of s==cge isnor
h. If jaws of grab zr d to a s-ss rrs, crv-k
65s s sample, clean grab
and sample &gRi7L
5. Ponar grab
a. Use on all types of bottoms a xcept d3e =? cETF-
b. Use in strong ve3o y
c. Use in very deep wafer
d. Use with hoist becwse f
4Y I? _
t
6. Procedure for Fbnargrk
a. Make sure gib is operas
b. Move jaMrs tv oP?00-5#
locking no" ors topperl
j.
w

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-
1-

-: -

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?9•9
o?t? r s
S2tikitSs'iODaandb tweenstations.
- - ,. - _ -
?d of bas&oposuZon
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-
VI-5
12/95
c- Remove safety pin lock and lower sampler slowly.
d_ tiIV:en the grab is at the bottom, wait a mirmte to allow it to sink, then slack off the cable.
e_ Li=p the sample maintaining tension and raise steadily and slowly to surface.
f- S•. z? inboard and open samp3- over a tub to dischara sample.
cr'e sample in jar. Approximately one rini of sample is needed-
h_ D;---:?rd sample, clean sample:, and --.-4e min if an object is wedged between the jaws.
i_ - t?? conclusion of sampling, re?lace tii-- sue: pin lac
i s - I Lip S.A`iPLERS, APPLK--. flO-\z ='+7 PROO=)TJ-RES
L P!:??=Er = sampler (fig•.ue 10)
?se » h hoist because of it=
=c-_ere water is too deep to
c- use ivr sampling soft, sandy cr
Pzot - :or Phleger core san3vL
a_ 3• sue sampler and core t are pro=s, rhse cow at fi= station
-,veer stati on
it lam- sampler to boftom„ tim a cE jEe + one to two meter-
c- IDT-m-p 5'npler again to CC =
L 5cr-.e sampler inboard ave< a I' •`=
e- T.-=? tube and core, me2saw oed l3p s - O cu2_
j?
L ?? fnis portion of core into
€- Fzpest sampling urn Me7r € CIE--=Pieis dxzFm?
3? %M&wYe?tt duty model 2414 eoWs-yy7ei -
r _
2 L?eiyhand or on the end ofa
b- 'Vw imtead of a Phkgeraf a be27W ore sa Vler is not needed-
c- 1:-A-- wfere sediment is reh
VI =6 _
12/95
4. Procedure for Wildco light duty model 2414 core sampler
a. Make sure sampler and core tubes are clean and operating properly, rinse corer at first station
and between stations.
b. Lower sampler to bottom, raise again and drop if necessary to take sample.
c. Remove plastic core, measure out top two inches of core.
d. Place this portion of core into jar.
e. Repeat sampling until approximately one pint of sample is obtained.
5. Hand coring device (figure 11)
Use in shallow water.
6. Procedure for hand coring device
a. Make sure sampler is clean before using. Rinse before first station and between stations.
b. Take sample by turning sanripler into sediment.
c. Remove sampler and core.
d. Measure out top t.vo inches of core.
e. Place this into jar.
f. Repeat sampling until appro,-ately one tint of sample is obtained.
F. SEDIMENT SAMPLE CO\ i ALA=_L., ? D'v GLL?L?, AN-D HAI?ID SAMPLING METHODS
1. Sample containers
a. Use new Mason jars for sediment samples.
b. Use Teflon lid or parafilm be-n:ecm jar and lid for nutrients and all metals.
c. Tin foil can be used between jar and lid for all metals except aluminum.
d. Use Teflon lid or tin foil for pesticides-
VI-7
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10:08 AM07/31 /0107/31 /0 1
7/31 /01
PROJECT #: 8.T550803 (R-2231 B)
COUNTY: RICHMOND
DESCRIPTION: US 220 BYPASS FROM SOUTH OF
SR 1455 TO NORTH OF NC 73
STREAM: TRIBUTARY TO ROCKY FORD BRANCH
NATURAL STREAM DESIGN
Sta 140+60 -L- (Rt) - Sta 144+00 -L- (Lt)
The proposed new location of the US 220 Bypass (Ellerbe Bypass) will result in the
impact (draining) of an existing pond at Sta 141+00 -L-. Once the pond is drained, it is
proposed to use the area as a mitigation site including the construction of a natural
stream. The stream that feeds the pond is a tributary to Rocky Ford Branch. The stream
will be designed/classified based on Dave Rosgen's principles and techniques for river
morphology.
The existing stream drains 160 acres at the head of the pond up to 193 acres at the outlet.
The basin is rural and is located in the Sandhills hydrologic region. The basin drains
pine/hardwood forest and agricultural fields. The'existing stream was determined to be
stable and undisturbed and was therefore used for the reference stream. The reference
reach was located at the head of the existing pond.
The stream reference reach was surveyed to determine it's morphological characteristics.
These characteristics include bankfull area, depth, width and discharge. This information
was then compared to data generated from the NC Stream Restoration Institute's regional'-
equations for bankf ill characteristics. The Piedmont region was used with the NCSRI
equations and prorated for the Sandhills region. The USGS Rural WRI Report 99-4114
was used to establish the prorated ratios between the Piedmont and Sandhills regions.
Data was also analyzed using the HEC-RAS modeling system to compare the accuracy of
the characteristics between the surveyed reach and the regional equations.
The reference reach bed material was found to be fine to medium sand. Velocities were
analyzed with the HEC-RAS modeling system to check shear stress along the stream
banks and bed and to determine the effects on sediment transport.
The proposed stream was designed to retain the bankfull characteristics of the reference
stream. Also, the channel velocities, shear stresses/stability, and sediment transport
characteristics were designed to be consistent with the reference stream. To aid in
stability, log vanes and rootwads are proposed in the bend/pool areas. Also, permanent
soil reinforcement matt will be placed on the banks along the entire proposed reach. This
will enable woody vegetation to establish along the stream banks.
10:08 AM07/31/0107/31/01
Based on surveyed data in the field and analyzed information provided by the NCSRI, the
tributary to Rocky Ford Branch was classified as an E5 stream. According to Rosgen's
Applied River Morphology, E5 streams are characterized as "hydraulically efficient
channel forms" with a "high sediment transport capacity" and a "high resistance to plan
form adjustment which results in channel stability without significant downcutting."
They are found in broad alluvial valleys with well developed floodplains. The stream
banks "are composed of materials finer than that of the dominant channel bed materials
and are typically stabilized with extensive riparian or wetland vegetation that forms
densely rooted sod mats from grasses, as well as woody species." The E5 stream retains
these very stable characteristics "unless the stream banks are disturbed and significant
changes in sediment supply and/or streamflow occur."
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Appendix B Morphological Measurement Table
Variables Existing

Channel Vu Proposed

Rea
USGS Station
Reference Reach
1
Stream type
. E5 E5 N/A E5
2
Drainage area
.
3
Bankfull width 160 Ac (0.25mi) 160 - 193 Ac 160 Ac (0.25mi2)
.
4. Bankfull mean depth 5.1 ft

0.5 ft 5.5 ft

0.6 ft 5.1ft

0
5 ft
5. Width/depth ratio .
10.2 9.2 10
2
6. Bankfull cross-sectional area .
2.2 ft2 3 2 2
2 ft2
7. Bankfull mean velocit .
y
3.7 fUs
4 3 fU)
3
7 f

8. Bank full discharge
cfs .
Us
, 8.1 ft3/s 8. ft3/s 8
9. Bankfull max depth .1 cfs
you
10. Width of floodprone area I.V U
- 0.8 ft

180 ft 150 - 180 ft 1
11. Entrenchment ratio 80 ft

12. Meander length 112 88 112

13. Ratio of meander len
th to ba
kf
ll 40ft 30 - 50 ft 40ft
g
n
u
width

14. Radius of curvature 7.8 10
7.8

12 ft 12 ft

15. Ratio of radius of curvature t 12 ft
o
bankfull width
2,4 3.0
16. Belt width 2.4

10-20ft 15-25ft
17. Meander width ratio 10-20ft

18. Sinuosity (stream len
th/vall 2.9 5.0 2.9
g
ey
length)
1.1 2
0
19. Valley slope . 1.1

20. Averageslope 1.30% 1.30% 1.30%

21. Pool slope 0.90% 0.40% 0.90%

22. Ratio of pool slope to av
l 0.30% 0.30% 0.30%
erage s
ope
23. Maximum pool depth 0.3 0.8 0.3

24. Ratio of pool depth to avera
e 1.4 ft 1.5 ft 1.4 ft
g
bankfull depth
25. Pool width 2.8 2.5 2.8

26. Ratio of pool width to bankfull
idth 5-6ft 5.5 ft 5-6ft
w

27. Pool to pool spacing 0.98 1.0 0.98

28. Ratio of pool to pool spacing to 25 ft 25 ft 25 ft
bankfull width
4.9 4.6
4.9
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'tits soil sur. / was compiled by the US Department of
kgriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, formerly
ie Soil Conservatio;. service, and cooperating agenc;es.
he base maps are orthophoto quadrangles prepared b- > r'J
)epartment Of Interior, Geological Si I"ve"j from aerial
,hotography taken 1933.
lorth Arnertran Datunn of 1927 (NAD2i ). Clarke 18636 Sp?. eroi
ON-meter arks Universal Transve,so Mercator, zone 1
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44
using low-pressure ground equipment help to minimize
rutting and compaction.
• Planting seedlings on bedded ridges helps to reduce
seedling mortality rates.
• Artificial drainageways should be maintained, and
wetness-tolerant trees should be selected for planting.
• Establishing a buffer zone of natural vegetation helps to
minimize siltation and maintain water temperature in
areas along intermittent and perennial drainageways.
• Timber in these buffer strips should be cabled out so
that disturbance of the ground surface is minimal.
Urban development
Suitability: Poorly suited
Management concerns: Wetness, restricted permeability,
and shrink-swell potential
Management measures and considerations:
• A site on a more suitable soil should be considered.
• Building structures on the highest part of the landscape
and installing artificial drainage systems help to overcome
the wetness limitation.
• Land shaping may be needed to remove excess surface
water or direct it away from structures.
• The County Health Department should be contacted for
guidance in developing sanitary facilities.
• Reinforcing foundations and footings and removing soil
and replacing it with a more suitable material, such as
gravel or sand, help to reduce the shrink-swell potential.
Interpretive Groups
Land capability classification: IVw
Woodland ordination symbol: 9W, based on loblolly pine
as the indicator species
Soil Survey
Underlying material:
34 to 45 inches-grayish brown sandy loam that has
brown mottles
45 to 62 inches-light gray loamy sand
Soil Properties and Qualities
Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Available water capacity. Moderate
High water table: 1.0 foot above the soil surface to 1.5
feet below; apparent
Flooding: Frequent
Shrink-swell potential. Low
Hazard of water erosion: Slight
Slope class: Nearly level
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Inclusions
Contrasting inclusions:
• Paxville soils that have a dark surface layer less than 24
inches thick and are on the slightly higher parts of the
landscape that are not subject to flooding
• Moderately well drained, somewhat poorly drained, and
poorly drained, loamy soils on small elevated stream
terraces that are not subject to flooding
• Soils that have a thick, organic surface layer and occur
in random areas throughout the landscape
Similar inclusions:
• Soils that have a 10- to 24-inch-thick dark surface layer
and occur in random areas throughout the map unit
• Soils that have a nonmucky surface layer and occur in
random areas throughout the map unit
Use and Management
JmA-Johnston mucky loam, 0 to 2 percent
slopes, frequently flooded
Setting
Landform: River or stream valleys of the Sandhills and
Coastal Plain
Landscape position: Flood plains
Shape of areas: Long and narrow
Size of areas: 20 to more than 1,000 acres
Composition
Johnston soil and similar inclusions: 85 percent
Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent
Typical Profile
Surface layer.
0 to 25 inches-black mucky loam
25 to 34 inches-very dark grayish brown fine sandy loam
Major Uses: Woodland and pasture
Cropland
Suitability: Unsuited
Management concerns: Flooding and wetness
Management measures and considerations:
• This map unit is not recommended for cropland.
Pasture and hayland
Suitability: Poorly suited
Management concerns: Wetness and flooding
Management measures and considerations:
• This map unit is not recommended for pasture and
hayland.
• Flooding may be a hazard to livestock.
• Maintaining existing drainage systems helps to control
the water table.
18
Moderately well drained soils that have a clayey subsoil
and that are in low areas and near drainageways
Soils that have a surface layer more than 40 inches
:hick and that are on the higher parts of the landscape
and along the outer edge of the map unit delineations
Soils that have a surface layer less than 20 inches thick
and that are on the steeper parts of the landscape or
)ccur in random areas throughout the landscape
Somewhat poorly drained soils in low areas and near
Jrainageways
. Poorly drained soils along narrow drainageways
Use and Management
Major Uses: Woodland, cropland, pasture and hayland,
and urban development
:ropland
Suitability: Moderately suited
Management concerns: Droughtiness, erosion, leaching
of nutrients, and excessive sandiness
Management measures and considerations:
Providing supplemental irrigation and selecting crop
varieties adapted to droughty conditions are necessary for
he economic production of crops (fig. 2).
Winter cover crops, crop residue management, and
:onservation tillage help to control erosion and conserve
noisture.
Contour farming, terraces, common stripcropping, wind
;tripcropping (where blowing sand is a hazard),
liversions, grassed waterways, and field borders help to
:ontrol erosion.
Crop rotations of grasses and legumes help to conserve
oil and maintain fertility.
Using fertilizer in split applications helps to minimize
)aching.
Lime and fertilizer should be applied according to
ecommendations based on soil tests.
Using low-pressure ground equipment helps to minimize
urface slippage resulting from excessive sandiness.
lasture and hayland
'uitability: Well suited
4anagement concerns: Droughtiness, erosion, and
leaching of nutrients
4anagement measures and considerations:
Controlled grazing, sod management, and weed control
elp to maintain quality forage.
Planting on the contour when renovating pastures and
ay fields helps to reduce the hazard of erosion and
icrease germination.
Intensive grazing practices maximize forage utilization
nd improve forage quality.
Using fertilizer in split applications and according to
Soil Survey
recommendations based on soil tests helps to minimize
leaching of nutrients and maintain fertility.
Woodland
Suitability: Moderately suited
Productivity class: Moderate
Management concerns: Equipment limitations and
seedling survival ,
Management measures and considerations:
• Using tracked or low-pressure ground equipment for
harvesting helps to prevent rutting.
• Tree varieties that are drought tolerant should be
selected for planting.
• Planting seedlings during wet and cool periods and
minimizing site preparation help to reduce seedling
mortality rates.
Urban development
Suitability: Moderately suited
Management concerns: Restricted permeability and
droughtiness
Management measures and considerations:
• The County Health Department should be contacted for
guidance in developing sanitary facilities.
• Because of the droughtiness, irrigation, use of drought-
tolerant plant species, and additions of topsoil or organic
matter may be needed in establishing lawns.
Interpretive Groups
Land capability classification: Ills
Woodland ordination symbol. 4S, based on longleaf pine
as the indicator species
AcC-Ailey loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent
slopes
Setting
Landform: Uplands of the Sandhills and Coastal Plain
Landscape position: Side slopes
Shape of areas: Long and narrow or irregular
Size of areas: 10 to more than 500 acres
Composition
Ailey soil and similar inclusions: 85 percent
Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent
Typical Profile
Surface layer.
0 to 6 inches-brown loamy sand
Subsurface layer.
6 to 25 inches-very pale brown loamy sand
Richmond County, North Carolina
Subsoil:
25 to 33 inches-brownish yellow sandy loam that has
strata of sandy clay loam
33 to 46 inches-reddish yellow sandy clay loam
46 to 55 inches-reddish yellow sandy loam
Underlying material:
55 to 65 inches-mottled strong brown, light red, and light
gray sandy loam
Soil Properties and Qualifies
Depth class: Very deep
19
Drainage class: Well drained
Permeability: Slow in the lower part of the subsoil and in
the underlying material
Available water capacity: Moderate
Depth to high water table: Greater than 6 feet
Flooding: None
Shrink-swell potential: Low
Hazard of soil blowing: Severe
Hazard of water erosion: Moderate
Slope class: Strongly sloping
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Figure 2.-Yellow squash on the droughtyAiley loamy sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes. Irrigation is necessary to produce high yields of this vegetable
on this soil. Yellow squash Is one of the main vegetable crops in Richmond County.
mond County, North Carolina
erosion, shrink-swell potential, slope, depth to
bedrock, and restricted permeability
-?
Management measures and considerations:
The County Health Department should be contacted for
guidance in developing sanitary facilities.
{ Land shaping may be needed to remove surface water
in the less sloping areas.
• The less sloping areas should be selected as
construction sites or structures should be designed so
that they conform with the natural slope.
• Cutting and filling help to overcome the slope.
• Reinforcing foundations and footings and removing soil
and replacing it with a more suitable material, such as
gravel or sand, help to reduce the shrink-swell potential.
• Vegetating all cleared and graded areas as soon as
possible and constructing such structures as silt fences
help to maintain soil stability and keep sediments onsite.
Special equipment for rock drilling, blasting, or earth
moving may be needed where depth to bedrock is a
limitation.
Interpretive Groups
Land capability classification: Vie
Woodland ordination symbol: 8R, based on loblolly pine
as the indicator species
WcB-Wakulla and Candor soils, 0 to 8
percent slopes
Setting
Landform: Uplands of the Sandhills
Landscape position: Broad ridges
Shape of areas: Broad and irregular
Size of areas: 5 to 2,000 acres
Composition
Wakulla soil and similar inclusions: 10 to 80 percent
Candor soil and similar inclusions: 10 to 60 percent
Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent
Typical Profile
Wakulla
Surface layer:
0 to 3 inches-brown sand
Subsurface layer.
3 to 26 inches-brownish yellow sand
Subsoil.
26 to 39 inches-yellowish brown loamy sand
Underlying material:
39 to 53 inches-brownish yellow sand
53 to 70 inches-yellow sand that has brown mottles
91
70 to 85 inches-very pale brown sand that has brown
mottles
Candor
Surface layer.
0 to 3 inches-grayish brown sand
Subsurface layer:
3 to 23 inches-light yellowish brown sand
Subsoil.
23 to 35 inches-yellowish brown loamy sand
35 to 54 inches-yellowish brown sand
54 to 62 inches-brownish yellow sand
62 to 68 inches-strong brown sandy loam that has
yellow and red mottles
68 to 80 inches-yellowish red sandy clay loam that has
yellow mottles
Soil Properties and Qualities
Depth class: Very deep
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Permeability: Wakulla-rapid; Candor-rapid to moderate
Available water capacity: Low
Depth to high water table: Greater than 6 feet
Flooding: None
Shrink-swell potential: Low
Hazard of soil blowing: Severe
Hazard of water erosion: Slight
Slope class: Nearly level or gently sloping
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Inclusions
Contrasting inclusions:
• The well drained Ailey soils that have a loamy subsoil
and are on the more sloping parts of the landscape
• Soils that have a surface layer more than 40 inches
thick and occur in random areas throughout the landscape
• Somewhat poorly drained soils in depressional areas
Similar inclusions:
• Soils that are sand throughout
• Soils that have two separate loamy subsoils
Use and Management
Major Uses: Woodland, cropland, pasture and hayland,
and urban development
Cropland
Suitability: Moderately suited
Management concerns: Droughtiness, leaching of
nutrients, excessive sandiness, and erosion
Management measures and considerations:
• Providing supplemental irrigation and selecting crop
varieties adapted to droughty conditions are necessary for
the economic production of crops.