20020598 Ver 2_Year 5 Monitoring Report_20090710

Clear Creek
Monitoring Report
Year 5 of 5 (2008)
Henderson County, North Carolina
USGS HUC: 06010105
Project ID No. 92
Prepared for:
NCDENR-Ecosystem Enhancement Program
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1652
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May 2009
Executive Summary
The Clear Creek Stream Restoration project falls within USGS hydrologic unit 06010105. The
project lies within a rural setting that includes pasture, farmland, and low density residential
areas. Prior to restoration work, the project stream had been destabilized though channelization
and hoof-shear.
EcoLogic Associates designed the restoration plans and restoration was completed in 2002.
Kimley-Horn and Associates (KHA) performed stream and riparian monitoring during 2008 for
this year 5 monitoring report. During the late growing season, KHA assessed four (4) vegetation
quads. Combined stem count density for all the quads equaled approximately 400 stems per acre
for planted stems: exceeding year 5 success criteria. A small area of Kudzu remains near the
downstream section of the stream. This area has not expanded since 2006. Isolated areas of
invasive species such as Russian Olive are also present.
The stream assessment that included a visual assessment and geomorphic survey indicated that
the project reach was performing mostly within established success criteria ranges. Most of the
project reach continues to be stable. The geomorphic measurements are within the ranges of the
design parameters.
Clear Creek (92) May 2009 -Year 5 of 5
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Table of Contents
1.0 Project Background .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Location and Setting ......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Project Structure, Mitigation Type, Approach and Objectives ........................................ 1
1.3 Project History and Background ...................................................................................... 3
1.4 Monitoring Plan View ...................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Project Conditions and Monitoring Results ......................................................................... 5
2.1 Vegetation Assessment .................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Stream Assessment ........................................................................................................... 6
3.0 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 6
Figures
Figure 1: Project Setting ...................................................
Figure 2: Current Conditions Plan View ..........................
Project Tables
.................................................... 2
.................................................... 4
Table I: Project Mitigation Structure and Objectives Table
Table 11: Project Activity and Reporting History
Table III: Project Contact Table
Table IV: Project Background Table
Table V: Verification of Bankfull Events
Table VI: Categorical Stream Features Visual Stability Assessment
Table VII: Baseline Morphology and Hydraulic Summary
Table VIII: Morphology and Hydraulic Monitoring Summary
Appendices
Appendix A: Vegetation Monitoring Data
Appendix B: Stream Monitoring Data
Clear Creek (92) May 2009 - Year 5 of 5 ii ???
1.0 Project Background
1.1 Location and Setting
The Clear Creek stream restoration project is located between I-26 and Clear Creek Road in
Henderson County, NC. The site, a fourth order tributary to Mud Creek in the French Broad
River Basin, is located in a relatively low slope mountain valley.
Figure 1 shows the project vicinity and mitigation features.
1.2 Project Structure, Mitigation Type, Approach and Objectives
Prior to restoration, a majority of the reach's stream banks were nearly vertical and exposed,
with minimal vegetative cover. As a result, the banks were actively eroding, subsequently
slumping and promoting lateral channel migration and meander creation. The degraded channel
was classified as an "F" type channel under the Rosgen Stream Classification System. Some
sections of channel were incised and had limited access to their historic flood plain during large
flood flows, but not during bankfull events that typically occur as a result of the 1.5 to 2 year
storm event.
The project included 1,300 linear feet of stream restoration. Project Table I shows a summary of
the project structure and objectives.
ClearCreek (92) May 2009 -Year 5 of 5 1 oR n
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1.3 Project History and Background
Construction of the Clear Creek Stream Restoration began in early 2002 with construction
ending in the fall of 2002. The As-built survey was completed in early 2003. 2008 served as
Year 5 of monitoring. Project Table II provides additional details regarding the timeline of the
project.
The project was designed by EcoLogic Associates. The construction contractor is unknown.
KHA performed monitoring work for Year 5. Project Table III provides additional information
regarding contractors.
The project is located within Henderson County, portions of which are located within the Blue
Ridge Belt of the Mountains of North Carolina. The site is located within a moderately rural
area. Project Table IV provides additional information regarding the stream.
1.4 Monitoring Plan View
The monitoring plan assesses the project stream's geomorphology using a set of three (3) cross
sections located throughout the project reach. The longitudinal profile and pattern assessment
covered the entire reach. Twenty-nine (29) permanent photo points had been used to provide for
a visual comparison of key site features through time. During 2007, KHA modified the number
and location of the photo points to reduce redundancies and streamline comparison points. The
monitoring plan uses four (4) randomly placed vegetation quads to assess riparian buffer
restoration. KHA performed channel material sampling at each cross section. Figure 2 shows
the locations of the monitoring features.
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2.0 Project Conditions and Monitoring Results
2.1 Vegetation Assessment
The Clear Creek site consists of two vegetative zones: riparian buffer and stream banks. The riparian buffer
zone begins at the top of the bank and continues out perpendicular from the stream. The planted stream bank
begins at the normal base flow elevation and extends to the top of bank or interface with the flood plain.
Success criteria require 260 live stems per acre within the restoration area during year 5 of a 5-year monitoring
period.
The kudzu (Pueraria montana) population reported during the MY2 2005 monitoring report remains on site.
The population falls within an isolated area near Clear Creek Road and does not appear be spreading. A small
riparian area upstream of the kudzu population along the right bank does not appear to be thriving. Vegetation
growth in this area is more scattered and less vigorous than the rest of the site. Russian olive (Elaegnus
pungens) grows in isolated populations (3-4 specimens) throughout the site. The larger populations are shown
on Figure 2.
Appendix A provides representative photos of problem areas and sampling areas. Figure 2 shows the problem
areas.
KHA conducted a vegetation assessment during the early fall of 2008. Appendix A summarizes the results of
the vegetation sample. Three (3) of the four (4) plots met success criteria for planted stem counts. Plot 3
contains less planted stems than required, but total stems including volunteers exceed success criteria. The plot
summary also shows that in the plots on the left side of the stream, river birch (Betula nigra) is rapidly
colonizing.
2.2 Stream Assessment
Events in 2004 and 2005 generated several isolated instances of bank scour, which have advanced little over the
monitoring period. The percentage of bank exhibiting scour has maintained levels between 8% and 10% since
that time, with little advancement. In between the large storms related to the remnant hurricanes of 2004, the
bank was hardened near the old channel plug at the top of the project. The flow vectors coming into the project
under the I-26 bridge led to concerns after the first event that the forecasted, second event might re-enter or
avulse into the abandoned channel on stream left. This hardening is observable in photos PSI. As per EEP, it
was always intended to re-grade and replant that area once additional observation provided confidence that the
vectors and conditions would not lead to an avulsion. This was carried out in winter of 2008/2009 and while
equipment was already on site, another area between station 9+00 and 10+00 on stream right was repaired as
well. This area did not seem to completely arrest its advancement as with the other areas of bank scour. This
included resloping, root wrap installation, and plantings. Three structures designed to provide bank protection
exhibited some loss of structural integrity or did not provide complete bank protection as intended. These
conditions did not noticeably advance after their initial onset.
EEP installed a crest gage near permanent cross section XS-2. During the October field visit, the gage indicated
that bankfull events had occurred since the last reading. A listing of bankfull events based on the estimated
bankfull discharge from a proximate USGS gauge and on-site crest gauge is provided in Project Table V.
Project Table VI provides a categorical view of the stream visual stability assessment. The visual assessment
shows maintenance of stability related to bank condition. Riffles, thalweg, meanders have maintained or
improved function compared to the previous year. The initial stresses and functional losses experienced by a
few structures did not change in any significant way over the monitoring period. Meander instability relates to
floodplain relief and point bar slope. The meanders do not exhibit classic, well developed point bars of C
channels. The project's dimension represents an E/C channel and exhibits steep inner meanders, which can
represent pressure on the outer meander. Some meanders have exhibited modest, slow, lateral migration, but
this appears to be at a sustainable rate such that the inner meander builds at a complementary modest rate. The
area between station 900 and 1000 appears to have been the most pronounced and was addressed as part of the
aforementioned remediation. The thalweg appears to be actively shifting and mobile. In opposition to 2007, the
alignment of the thalweg appeared to be more appropriate. In some locations multiple thalweg lines were
present within a section of channel. The riffles appeared to be short and this may be related to the shifting
thalweg. Table B2 in Appendix B provides a breakdown of the visual assessment.
Project Tables VII and VIII summarize the sites geomorphic assessment. The longitudinal profile utilizes
bankfull measurements based on observations in the field. Bankfull indicators for cross sections align with the
previous years' data to allow direct comparison. In the past, the field investigators had difficulty identifying
and/or isolating cross section benchmarks in the field; therefore, some of the cross sections had a slightly
different alignment than the previous years' cross sections. The difference in alignment negates a very fine
comparison between years for a cross section but does allow for the identification of significant changes in
cross section. The cross sections did not show a significant change in the shape compared to last year. Appendix
B provides photographs and graphing for geomorphic data.
3.0 Methodology
Monitoring methods for 2008 were similar to those used during the 2007 effort.
PROJECT TABLES
Table I. Project Restoration Components
Clear Creek Stream Restoration Site (EEP Project #92)
Project
Segment
Stationing Comment
or Reach
ID
Main 1,300 R PI 1,300 if 1:1 1,300 0+00.0 - 13+00.0
Mitigation Unit Summaries
Stream (If) Riparian Non-Riparian Total Wetland Buffer (Ac.) Comment
Wetland Wetland Ac. Ac.
1,300 0.0 5 0.0
R = Restoration P1 = Priority I
EI = Enhancement P2 = Priority II
Ell = Enhancement P3 =Priority III
S = Stabilization SS = Stream Bank stabilization
Clear Creek (92) May 2009 Year 5 of 5? Klmley-Horn
i and Associates, Inc.
Table H. Project Activity and Reporting History
Clear Creek Stream Restoration Site (EEP Project #92)
Scheduled Data Actual
Activity or Report Collection Completion Comments
Completion
Complete or Deliver
Restoration Plan December-01 March-02
Final Design - 90%
Construction Fall 2002
Temporary S&E mix
applied to entire
roiect area
Permanent seed mix
applied
Containerized and
B&B plantings for
reach/se ments 1&2
Mitigation Plan / As-
built (Year 0 October-02
Monitorin -
Year 1 Monitoring December-04
Year 2 Monitoring December-05 November-05 December-05 Performed by Soil and Environmental Consultants, PA
Year 3 Monitoring December-06 November-06 January-07 Per orm by Kimley - Horn and Associates, Inc.
Year 4 Monitoring December-07 Novermber-07 February-08 Performed by Kimley - Horn and Associates, Inc.
Year 5 Monitoring December-08 October-08 Performed by Kimley - Horn and Associates, Inc.
Clear Creek (92) May 2009 Year 5 of 5 Kimfey-Hom
'?
IF I _ and Associates, Inc.
Table III. Project Contact Table
Clear Creek Stream Restoration Site (EEP Project #92)
Designer
EcoLogic Associates Greensboro, NC
Primary Designer POC
Construction Contractor

Primary Contractor POC
Planting Contractor

Planting contractor POC
Seeding Contractor

Planting contractor POC
Seed Mix Sources
Nursery Stock Suppliers
Monitoring Performers PO Box 33068
Raleigh, NC
Stream Monitoring POC Daren Pait, P.E. [phone]
Vegetation Monitoring POC Daren Pait, P.E. [phone]
Clear Creek (92) May 2009 Year 5 of 5 KlmleyHom
and Associates, Inc.
Table IV. Project Background Table
Clear Creek Stream Restoration Site (EEP Project #92)
Project County Henderson
Drainage Area 44 mi'
Drainage impervious cover estimate (%) 20%
Stream Order 4m
Physiographic Region Mountains
Ecoregion Blue Ridge Belt
Rosgen Classification of As-built C4
Cowardin Classification N/A
Dominant soil types Codorus
Reference site ID N/A
USGS HUC for Project and Reference 06010105
NCDWQ Sub-basin for Project and
Reference
04-03-02
NCDWQ classification for Project and
Reference C
Any portion of any project segment 303d
listed? No
Any portion of any project segment
upstream of a 303d listed segment? No
Reasons for 303d listing or stressor N/A
of project easement fenced 0%
Clear Creek (92) May 2009 Year 5 of 5 C:-FJ Kmiey-Horn
® and Associates, Inc.
Table V. Verification of Bankfull Events
Clear Creek Stream Restoration Site (EEP Project #92)
Date of Data Date of Occurrence Method Photo #
7/2/2003 7/2/2003 Proximal USGS Gauge (ID#03446000)
9/8/2004 9/8/2004 Proximal USGS Gauge (ID#03446000)
10/13/2008 10/13/2008 Crest Gauge

Clear Creek (92) May 2009 Year 5 of 5 C:-Fj Klmley-Hom
r and Associates, Inc.
Table VI. Categorical Stream Feature Visual Stability Assessment
Clear Creek Stream Restoration Site (EEP Project #92)

Feature Initial MY-01 MY-02 MY-03 MY-04 MY-05
A. Riffles -- - 90% 80% 80% 80%
B. Pools - -- 100% 100% 100% 75%
C. Thalweg -- -- 100% 50% 50% 71%
5. Meanders -- -- 100% 75% 75% 94%
E. Bed General -- -- 100% 100% 100% 100%
F. Bank Condition -- -- 98% 93% 90% 90%
G. Vanes / J Hooks etc. -- -- 85% 75% 75% 66%
H. Wads and Boulders -- -- 63% 65% 65% 85%
Clear Creek (92) May 2009 Year 5 of 5 IM KlmieyHom
® and Associates, Inc.

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APPENDIX A
VEGETATION MONITORING DATA
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APPENDIX B
STREAM MONITORING DATA
Table I. Stream Problem Areas
Clear Creek Stream Restoration Site (EEP Project 692)
Feature Issue Reach Station .umbers Description Suspected Cause Photo number
2008
AggradadoNBar
Formation
600 - 690 Bank Slumpi Bank Scour Excessive shear stress SP I
Bank scour 715 - 780 Bank Scour Back eddy from upstream in-stresm stabilization SP2
w)0-I,()0O Bank Scour Excessive shear stress SP3
545 Sruci c collapse Excessive shear stress
Engineered structures 690 Excessive Am Scour Back eddy due to improper gwnwty
-backs--scour 990 Structure Collapse Excessive shear stress
Etc 600 - 650 Routwad Scour Excessive shear stress
940 - 980 Rootwud Scour Excessive shear stress
2007
AggradationfBar
Formation
100- 150 Bank Scour Excessive shear stress
200 - 240 Bald: Scour Excessive shear stress
410 - 430 Bank Scour Excessive shear stress
Bank scour 710. 750 Bank Slump/ Bank Scour Back eddy from upstream in-stream stabilization
780- 810 Bank Scour Excessive shear stress
940 - 980 Bank Scour Excessive shear stress
1,020 - 1,050 Bank Scour Excessive shear stress
100-150 Partial Strucutre Collapse F-,ive shear stress

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- backor arm scour 690 Excessive Ann Scour Back eddy due to improper
geometry
Etc. 810 Missing header rock Excessive shear stress
600 - 650 Ranwad Scour Excessive shear stress
940- 980 Ruutwad Scour Excessive shear stress
2006
Aggradabon/Bar
Formation
100- 150 Bank Scour Eccesivc shear stress
200- 240 Bank Scour Excessive shear stress
Bank scour 710. 750 Bank Slump/ Bank Scour Back eddy from upstream in-stream stabilization
780 - 810 Bank Scour Excessive shear it.,
1,020 - 1,050 Bank Scour Excessive shear stress
100- 150 Partial Strucure Collapse Excessive shear ,stress
545 Structure Collapse Excessive shear stress
Engineered structures
690
Excessive Ann Scour
Back eddy due to improper geomerty,
- back
or m scour
Eter
810
Musing header rock
Excessive shear sues
600 - 650 Root wad Scour Excessive shear stress
940 - 980 Rootwad Scour Excessive shear stress
2005
121 - 166 Scour at am of erossvane
Bank Scour 212 -229 Scour at arm of...... -
975 - 1,007 Root wad, on outside bend, c-.secssive .in

Stressed or Failing
1,068 - 1,092
Root wads on outside bend (near crossvanc). excessive
Structures 975 - 1,007 Root wads on outside hend excessive
1,068 - 10)2 Root warl on outside bend (near crs-o<)5 excessive
scour
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