20031356 Ver 1_Complete File_20031027

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
Kerr T. Stevens, Director
March 29, 1999
MEMORANDUM
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To: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager, NCDOT, Project Development & Environmental Analysis
From: John E. Hennessy, NC Division of Water Quality
Subject: Water Quality Checklist for Bridge Replacement Projects
Reference your correspondence dated March 18, 1999, in which you requested scoping comments for
bridge replacement state project number 8.1844601 (TIP B-3414). Preliminary analysis of the project
reveals that the proposed bridge will span the South Hominy Creek in the French Broad River Basin. The
DWQ index number for the waterbody is 6-76-5 and the stream is classified as C Tr waters. The Division
of Water Quality requests that NCDOT consider the following environmental issues for the proposed
project:
A. DWQ requests that DOT strictly adhere to North Carolina regulations entitled "Design Standards in
Sensitive Watersheds" (15A NCAC 04B .0024) throughout design and construction of the project
for any area that drains to streams having WS (Water Supply), ORW (Outstanding Resource Water),
HQW (High Quality Water), B (Bodv Contact), SA (Shellfish Water) or Tr (Trout Water)
classifications.
B. DWQ requests that bridges be replaced on the existing location with road closure, when practical. If
an on-site detour proves necessary, remediation measures in accordance with the NCDWQ
requirements for General 401 Certification 2726/Nationwide Permit No. 33 (Temporary
Construction, Access and Dewatering) must be followed.
C. DWQ requests that hazardous spill catch basins be installed at any bridge crossing a stream classified
as HQW or WS (Water Supply). The number of catch basins installed should be determined by the
design of the bridge, so that runoff would enter said basin(s) rather than flowing directly into the
stream.
D. To the maximum extent practicable, DOT should not install the bridge bents in the creek.
E. Wetland impacts should be avoided (including sediment and erosion control structures/measures) to
the maximum extent practical. If this is not possible, alternatives that minimize wetland impacts
should be chosen. Mitigation for unavoidable impacts will be required by DWQ if impacts exceed
one acre. Smaller impacts may require mitigation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
F. Borrow/waste areas should not be located in wetlands. It is likely that compensatory mitigation will
be required if wetlands are impacted by waste or borrow.
G. DWQ prefers replacement of bridles with bridges. If the new structure is to be a culvert, it should be
countersunk to allow unimpeded fish passage through the crossing.
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
Mr. William D. Gilmore memo
03/29/99
Page 2
H. If foundation test borings are necessary; it should be noted in the document. Geotechnical work is
approved under General 401 Certification Number 3027/Nationwide Permit No. 6 for Survey
Activities. Written concurrence from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers is required in designated mountain trout counties.
I. If the project is processed as a Categorical Exclusion, mitigation will be required if wetland impacts
exceed one acre, in accordance with DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H.0506 (h)(2) 11.
While the use of National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps is a useful office tool, their inherent inaccuracies
require that qualified personnel perform onsite wetland delineations.
Thank you for requesting our input at this time. The DOT is reminded that issuance of a 401 Water Quality
Certification requires appropriate measures be instituted to ensure that water quality standards are met and
designated uses are not degraded or lost. If you have any questions or require additional information,
please contact John Hennessy at [phone].
cc: Gloria Putnam, NCDWQ
Melba McGee, NCDENR
Nancy Campanella, NCDOT
C:\ncdot\TIP B-3414\B-3414 scoping comments.doc
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT J R. P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201
GOVERNOR
March 18, 1999
MEMORANDUM TO: Ms. Cyndi Bell
E. NORRIS TOLSON
SECRETARY
DWQ-DENR
4401 Reedy Creek Road
V
FROM: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
SUBJECT: NC 151, Replacement of Bridge No. 181 over South Hominy
Creek, Buncombe County, North Carolina, State Project
No. 8.1844601 (B-3414)
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), Division of Highways,
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch, has retained the firm of Ralph
Whitehead Associates, Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina, to conduct planning, environmental and
engineering services and prepare a Planning Report/Categorical Exclusion (CE) for the proposed
improvements on the subject project. As an integral part of this study, we are soliciting input
from agencies and individuals concerning the potential impacts of the proposed improvements on
any structure or feature within the project area and the impacts this project may have on the
social, economic, cultural, physical or biological conditions in the area. Attached is a location
map for your information and reference.
The proposed project is included in the Draft 2000-2006 Transportation Improvement
Program (TIP) as TIP No. B-3414. Right-of-Way acquisition is scheduled to begin in Fiscal Year
2001 and construction in Fiscal Year 2002. The scope of the project consists of replacement of
the bridge at the same location. This replacement will result in safer traffic operations.
Rehabilitation of the existing structure does not appear to be a feasible option due to its age and
deteriorating condition. We anticipate that the structure will be replaced on existing location to
maintain a tangent alignment. An off-site detour is not available, therefore, traffic will be
maintained by an on-site detour.
Alternatives that will be studied for the project include:
1. Do Nothing
2. Replace the existing structure on existing location.

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We are currently in the process of evaluating the environmental impacts associated with
the bridge replacement project. Please note that there will be no formal interagency scoping
meeting for this project. This letter, therefore, constitutes solicitation for scoping comments
related to the subject project. In order that we may fully evaluate the impacts of the proposed
project, it is requested that you respond in writing concerning any beneficial or adverse impacts
of the proposed project relating to the interest of your agency. For the study effort to stay on
schedule and for your input to be included, please respond by April 9, 1999.
Please direct your comments to:
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 2520
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
ATTN: Ms. Nancy Campanella
If you have any questions or need additional information concerning this project, please
contact Ms. Nancy Campanella, Project Engineer, Consultant Coordination Unit, NCDOT
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch at [phone], Ext. 262.
WDG/bdd
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTNIENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
PROJECT DEVELOPNIENT &
ENVIRONNIENTAL. ANALYSIS BRANCH
NC 151 REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE No. 181
OVER SOUTH HOMINY CREEK
BUNCOMBE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
STATE PROJECT No. 8.1844601 (8-3414)
PROJECT LOCATION MAP FIGURE 1

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GovERNOR
October 31, 2003
US Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Ave.
Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-5006
ATTENTION: Mr. Steve Lund
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
WETLANDS 1401 GROUP
OCT 2 7 2003
WATER QUALITY SEC
TlON
Subject: Nationwide 23 Permit Application for the Replacement of Bridge No. 181 over
South Hominy Creek on NC 151, Buncombe County, Federal Aid Project No.
BRSTP-151(1), State Project No. 8.1844601, TIP B-3414, Division 13.
Please find enclosed three copies of the project planning report for the above referenced project.
Bridge No. 181 will be replaced immediately downstream with a new bridge, approximately 75
feet (22.5 m) in length with a 40-foot (12.0 m) clear roadway width. The bridge will have two
12.0-foot (3.6 m) travel lanes and 8.0-foot (2.4 m) lateral offsets on each side. The new approach
roadway will include two 12-foot (3.6 m) travel lanes and 8-foot (2.4 m) shoulders on each side
with four feet of the shoulder paved to accommodate bicyclists. The approach shoulders will be
widened 3.0 feet (0.9 m) for a total width of 11 feet (3.3 m) where guardrail is required. The
elevation of the bridge and approaches will be higher than the existing bridge to accommodate the
fifty-year storm event and to provide adequate stopping sight distance. A design speed of 60 mph
(100 km/hr) will be provided. Please refer to the Bridge Survey and Hydraulic Design Report for
a profile of the proposed bridge and a plan view.
There will be no permanent impacts to jurisdictional wetlands or surface waters by the
construction of the bridge. There is potential for up to 50 cubic yards of temporary fill entering
the "Waters of the U.S." from the demolition of the existing bridge.
The bridge will be built using top-down construction with no causeway or work pad needed and
therefore there will be no temporary impacts associated with this project.
During construction, traffic will be maintained on the existing NC 151 as shown on the attached
project plans.
Bridge Demolition
Bridge Demolition: Bridge No. 181 is a single span bridge composed of a reinforced concrete
deck with an asphalt-wearing surface supported by reinforced concrete girders at 8-foot centers.
The existing structure is 42 feet (12.8 m) long with a 20-foot (6.0 m) clear roadway width. The
deck of the bridge is 13 feet (3.9 m) above the streambed. Due to the structural components of the
bridge, there is the possibility of 50 cubic yards (38.2 cu. m) of temporary fill expected to be
dropped into the "Waters of the United States". All measures will be taken to avoid any
temporary fill from entering Waters of the U.S. Best Management Practices for Bridge
Demolition and Removal will be implemented
South Hominy Creek has been placed on the North Carolina 2002 Impaired Waters List (303(d)).
The cause of impairment is habitat degradation and potential sources are agriculture and specialty
crop production. NCDOT will not exacerbate the causes for the listing of South Hominy Creek
constructing the new bridge. or demolishing the existing bridge.
South Hominy Creek is a C Tr stream and the "Design Standards in Sensitive Watersheds" will
be followed. NCDOT will be revegetating the stream, banks, removing the old roadbed, and
returning them to a natural state.
As noted in the project's CE document, NCDOT will observe an in-stream construction
moratorium from October 15 to April 15 to avoid impacts to trout reproduction.
Federally Protected Species
As of January 29, 2003, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists 13 federally
protected species for Buncombe County. Suitable habitat does not occur within the project study
area for the following species: bog turtle (Clemmys muhlenburgii), Carolina northern flying
squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus), eastern cougar (Fells concolor cougar), gray bat
(Myotis grisescens), bunched arrowhead (Sagittaria fasiculata), spreading avens (Geum
radiatum), and rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma lineare). The project site was visited on June
27, 2003 by NCDOT biologists Chris Underwood and Michael Turchy and a field survey was
conducted for the mountain sweet pitcher plant (Sarracenia jonesii), and Virginia spirea (Spirea
virginiana). Neither species was found. Field surveys for spotfin chub (Erimonax monacha),
oyster mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis), and Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta fasciculata)
were conducted by NCDOT biologists Neil Medlin, Jared Gray, Tom Dickinson, Jeff Burleson,
and Tim Howell. No endangered species were found. The tan riffleshell (Epioblasma florentia
walkeri) has been removed from the list for Buncombe County since the project's CE was
written. This proiect CE's Biological Conclusions for nine of the twelve protected species
remains: No Effect. The Biological Conclusions for Appalachian elktoe, mountain sweet pitcher
Rlant and Virginia spirea are changed to: May Affect, Not Likely To Adversely Affect.
Although no suitable habitat occurs within the project area for the gray bat, NCDOT consultants
captured one individual on July 24, 2003. After an informal consultation with the USFWS, B-
3414 was determined to have "No Effect" on the gray bat.
Regulatory Approvals
Section 404 Permit: This project is being processed by the Federal Highway Administration as a
"Categorical Exclusion" in accordance with 23 CFR 771.115(b). Therefore, we do not anticipate
requesting an individual permit but propose to proceed under a Nationwide 23 as authorized by a
Nationwide Permit 23 (67 FR 2020; January 15, 2002).
Section 401 Permit: We anticipate 401 General Certification number 3403 will apply to this
project. In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H, Section .0500(a) we are providing two copies of this
application to the North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, Division
of Water Quality, for their review.
We anticipate that comments from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
(NCWRC) will be required prior to authorization by the Corps of Engineers. By copy of this
letter and attachment, NCDOT hereby requests NCWRC review. NCDOT requests that NCWRC
forward their comments to the Corps of Engineers.
A copy of this permit application will be posted on the DOT website at:
http://www.ncdot.or-q/planning/pe/naturalunit/Permit.html.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Mr. Chris Underwood at
[phone].
Sincerely,
Gregory t.Thorpe, PhD, Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc:
w/attachment
Mr. John Dorney, Division of Water Quality (2 copies)
Ms. Marella Buncick, USFWS
Ms. Marla Chambers, NCWRC
Mr. Greg Perfetti., P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Harold Draper, TVA
w/o attachment
Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Omar Sultan, Programming and TIP
Ms. Debbie Barbour, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. John Sullivan, FHWA
Mr. F. D. Martin, Division Engineer
Mr. Roger Bryan, DEO
Ms. Missy Dickens

Buncombe County
Bridge No. 181 on NC 151
Over South Hominy Creek
Federal Project BRSTP-151(1)
State Project 8.1844601
TIP Project B-3414
"AfDS1401 GROUP
OCT 2 7 2003
WATER QUALITY SECT10
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CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
N.C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
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APPROVED:
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Willi(wh D. Gilmore, P.E., Man ger
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
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D to iL. Graf, P. E.
-AK Division Administrator, FHWA
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Buncombe County
Bridge No. 181 on NC 151
Over South Hominy Creek
Federal Project BRSTP-151(1)
State Project 8.1844601
TIP Project B-3414
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
January, 2002
Documentation Prepared by Ralph Whitehead Associates, Inc.:
t` H CARry"""',
Brian D. Dehler' P.E. Project Manager SEAL . Ralph Whitehead Associates, Inc. 01.6067 a
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same U111,,,1?Ira,,,,P•0
For the North Carolina Department of Transportation:
Thoma . Kendig, Unit Head
Consultant Engineering Unit
ary Alic ickens, P.E.
Project De elopment Engineer

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' PROJECT COMMITMENTS
Buncombe County,
' Bridge No. 181 on NC 151
Over South Hominy Creek
Federal Project BRSTP-151(1)
' State Project 8.1844601
TIP Project B-3414
Structure Design Unit
Bridge replacement project B-3414 will require review under Section 26a of the
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Act.
Abridge rail height of 54-inches (1372mm) will be provided for bicycle safety.
' Roadway Design Unit
' This section of roadway is a designated route on the Buncombe County Bicycle
Transportation Map. In addition, it is in close proximity to proposed on-road incidental
bicycle improvements. Therefore, a paved shoulder width of 4 feet (1.2m) will be
' provided along both sides of the subject project. The bicycle accommodations will be
continued on the bridge approaches and bridge deck.
' Division 13/Structure Design
The construction of the project will require removal of Bridge No. 181 over South
' Hominy Creek. There is potential for components of the bridge to be dropped into waters
of the United States during construction. Consequently, the NCDOT will supplement the
Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters (BMP) with Best
' Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal (BMP-BDR).
NCDOT will observe an in-stream construction moratorium from October 15 to April 15
' to avoid impacts to trout reproduction.
' Categorical Exclusion
January, 2002
Buncombe County,
Bridge No. 181 on NC 151
Over South Hominy Creek
Federal Proj ect BRSTP-151(1)
State Project 8.1844601
TIP Project B-3414
1. SUMMARY OF PROJECT
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to replace Bridge No.
' 181 in Buncombe County (FIGURE 1). TIP Project B-3414 is a bridge replacement project
for a bridge in southwest Buncombe County on NC 151-Pisgah Highway over South Hominy
Creek, about eleven miles southwest of Asheville. The Federal Highway Administration
' (FHWA) classifies this project as a federal Categorical Exclusion.
Bridge No. 181 will be replaced as recommended with a new bridge, approximately 75 feet
(22.5m) long, located immediately downstream (east) of the existing structure. The new
bridge will have a 40-foot (12.0m) clear roadway width, including two 12-ft (3.6m) lanes
plus. 8-ft (2.4m) lateral offsets. Existing NC 151 within the project limits will serve to
maintain traffic during construction.
The proposed roadway approaches consist of two 12-foot (3.6m) lanes with an 8-foot (2.4m)
shoulder (of which 4 feet (1.2m) will be paved to accommodate bicyclists) on each side.
Where guardrail is required, the approach shoulder will be widened 3 feet (0.9m) for a total
width of 11 feet (3.3m) (FIGURE 2). The proposed vertical alignment improves an existing
substandard vertical curve south of Bridge No. 181. The proposed bridge will also include
two 12-foot (3.6m) lanes and 8-foot (2.4m) offsets on each side (FIGURE 2). The elevation
of the bridge and approaches will be higher than the existing bridge to accommodate the
i fifty-year storm event and to provide adequate stopping sight distance. A design speed of 60
mph (100 km/hr) will be provided.
The estimated cost is $1,574,000 including $374,000 for right-of-way acquisition and
$1,200,000 for construction. The total estimated cost included in the 2002-2008 TIP is
' $1,704,000.
II. ANTICIPATED DESIGN EXCEPTIONS
The NCDOT is not expected to need any design exceptions for this project.
III. EXISTING CONDITIONS
The NCDOT classifies NC 151 as a Rural Major Collector in the Statewide Functional
Classification System. NC 151 runs between US 19/23/74 west of Asheville and the Blue
1
Ridge Parkway to the south. Although most of the roadside is in pasture, there is some retail
and commercial strip development along the road. There is a small unincorporated
community, Upper Hominy, just south of Project B-3414. Pisgah National Forest lies about a
mile to the east.
The NCDOT built Bridge No. 181 in Buncombe County in 1926. The single span. bridge
consists of a reinforced concrete deck with an asphalt wearing surface supported by three
reinforced concrete girders at 8-foot (2.4m) centers. The abutments are reinforced concrete.
The deck of Bridge No. 181 is 13 feet (3.9m) above the streambed. Water depth is
approximately 2 feet (0.6m) in the project area. The bridge is 42 feet (12.8m) long with a 207
foot (6.0m) clear roadway width. The pavement width is 18 feet (5.4m) on the roadway
approaches to the bridge. The bridge carries two lanes of traffic. According to Bridge
Maintenance Unit records, the sufficiency rating of Bridge No. 181 is 43.1 of a possible
100.0. Photographs of existing conditions are shown in FIGURE 3.
Sight distance is restricted by a substandard crest vertical curve along NC 151, approximately
500 feet (150.0m) south of Bridge No. 181. SR 3452 forms a "T" intersection approximately
50 feet (15.0m) south of the bridge. Sight distance for traffic turning onto NC 151 from SR
3452 is insufficient.
NC 151 is being widened from Hominy Creek south to SR 1110 under Project R-2116 (see
Figure 1). The Buncombe County planners expect that once this project is finished the area
served by NC 151 will become an attractive commute to Asheville for employment. The
Thoroughfare Planning Engineer responsible for Buncombe County also expects some
further development in this area.
It is estimated that the base year (1998) traffic volume on NC 151 at Project B-3414 is
approximately 2700 vehicles per day (vpd) and is projected to increase to 6600 vpd by the
design year (2025). The volumes include 3% dual-tired (duals) and 1% truck tractor semi-
trailer (TTST) vehicles. There are no posted speed limits within the project vicinity, although
vehicles were observed approaching the structure at rates of speed estimated to be near 55
mph (90 km/hr).
NC 151 is a designated route on the Buncombe County Bicycle Transportation Map. In
addition, the subject facility lies less than a thousand feet south of South Hominy, (the
intersection of SR 1110 & NC 151), which is the southern terminus of proposed on-road
incidental bicycle improvements, extending northwards to SR 1129 (see Figure 1).
Seven accidents have been reported in the vicinity of Bridge No. 181 during the period from
January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1997. Two of the accidents were rear-end type collisions,
two involved vehicles being run off the road, two were left turn collisions across traffic, and
one was an angle/sideswipe type collision. Restricted sight distance along NC 151 south of
Bridge No. 181 was a contributing factor in at least four of the accidents. No fatalities
occurred, although injuries were reported in each accident.
Average statewide accident rates are categorized according to the type of facility. For
comparison to statewide rates, existing NC 151 in the vicinity of the bridge is compared to
rural NC routes with two lanes undivided. Accident rates are determined by roadway
segment length, average daily traffic, and the number of reported accidents along a route in a
specific time frame. The average statewide total accident rate was 227.29 accidents. per 100
million vehicle miles (per MVM) as compared to 1,320.75 accidents per MVM in the project
vicinity. Consequently, the accident rate in the project vicinity is over five times the rate for
similar rates statewide.
School buses cross the present bridge on a daily basis. There will not be an adverse impact on
current school bus routes since traffic will be maintained on-site during construction.
There are no utilities attached to the existing bridge. Overhead utilities parallel NC 151
along both sides. Fiber optic buried cable markers are located near the northeast corner of
the bridge.
Three potential historic properties, Stoney Fork School (ca. 1928), Davis Store and Feed Mill
(ca. 1928), and Bridge No. 181 (1928) within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) were
identified and evaluated in the Historic Architectural Resources Survey Report.
IV. ALTERNATIVES
' Two alternates were studied for replacing Bridge. No. 181. The replacement structure for both
alternates studied consists of a bridge approximately 75 feet (22.5m) long with a clear
roadway width of 40 feet (12.0m) that would carry two 12-foot (3.6m) travel lanes with 8-
foot (2.4m) offsets on each side.
The roadway approaches will have 24 feet (7.2m) of pavement with 8-foot (2.4m) useable
shoulders (4 feet (1.2m) of which will be paved to accommodate bicyclists) on each side. The
roadway elevation across the bridge will be raised to meet the hydraulic requirements of the
fifty year design storm and eliminate the substandard crest vertical curve south of the existing
' bridge. A minimum grade of 0.3 % across the bridge is desired for deck drainage.
Alternate 1
Alternate 1 (Figure 4) proposes replacing Bridge No. 181 with a new bridge in its present
location. Due to the lack of an acceptable off--site detour, traffic would be maintained by
an on-site detour located immediately downstream from the existing bridge (detour not
` shown on Figure 4). The approach work would begin approximately 700 feet (210.0m)
south of SR 3463 (Mt. Pisgah Baptist Church Road) and end just south of SR 1110
(Warren Creek Road) for a total distance of approximately 1900 feet (570.0m). Right-of-
way and construction easements would be required on both sides of NC 151 throughout
the project limits in order to satisfy design criteria established for NC 151. A design
speed of 60 mph (100 km/hr) would be provided. Alternate 1 was eliminated from further
study because it would use land from two historic properties considered eligible for the
National Register of Historic Places. Impacts to the historic sites could not be avoided

with this alternative without compromising the roadway and hydraulic design criteria for
the project.
Alternate 2 (Recommended)
Alternate 2 (FIGURE 4) proposes replacing Bridge No. 181 with a new bridge on new
location approximately 90 ft. (27m) downstream (east) from the existing structure.
Traffic will be maintained on existing NC 151 during construction. The roadway
approach work to the new bridge would begin approximately 700 feet (210.0m) south of
SR 3463 (Mt. Pisgah Baptist Church Road). It would end in the vicinity of the NC
151/SR 1110 intersection for a total distance of approximately 1900 feet (570.0m). Right-
of-way and construction easements will be required on the east side of existing NC 151
throughout the project limits to accommodate the realigned roadway. A design speed of
60 mph (100 km/hr) will be provided.
The "do-nothing" alternate is not practical. The existing bridge would continue
deteriorating until it was unusable. This would require closing the road, or continued
intensive maintenance. Rehabilitation of the existing deteriorating bridge is neither
practical nor economical.
V. COST ESTIMATE
Alternate 2
ecommended
Structures $ 210,000
Roadway Approaches $ 503,850
Structure Removals $ 7,050
Miscellaneous and Mobilization $ 329,100
Engineering and Contingencies $ 150,000
Total Construction $ 1,200,000
Right-of-Way and Utilities $ 374,000
TOTAL PROJECT COST $1,574,000
Note: No cost estimate is shown for Alternate I because it was
eliminated from consideration based on Section 4(f) before cost
estimates was developed.
VI. RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS
Alternative 2 is recommended since it avoids any adverse impacts with adjacent historic
properties. Bridge No. 181 will be replaced with a new bridge, approximately 75 feet (22.5m)
long, located immediately downstream of the existing structure. The new bridge will have a
40-foot (12.0m) clear roadway width, including two 12-ft (3.6m) lanes plus 8-ft (2.4m)
lateral offsets. Existing NC 151 will serve to maintain traffic within the project limits during
construction.
4

L7

1

' The proposed roadway approaches consist of two 12-foot (3.6m) lanes with an 8-foot (2.4m)
shoulder (4 feet (1.2m) of which will be paved to accommodate bicyclists) on each side.
Where guardrail is required, the approach shoulder will be widened 3 feet (1.0m) for a total
' width of 11 feet (3.3m) (FIGURE 2). The proposed vertical alignment will improve an
existing substandard vertical curve south of Bridge No. 181; this should improve the high
accident rate at this location (see p. 3). The proposed bridge will also include two 12-foot
' (3.6m) lanes and 8-foot (2.4m) offsets on each side (FIGURE 2). The elevation of the bridge
and approaches will be higher than the existing bridge to accommodate the fifty-year storm
event and to provide adequate stopping sight distance. A design speed of 60 mph (100 km/hr)
' will be provided.
' VII. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
' A. GENERAL
The project is expected to have an overall positive impact. Replacement of an inadequate
' bridge and improvement of the poor sight distance on the roadway approaches to the bridge
will result in safer traffic operations. Inconvenience to motorists will be negligible since
traffic will be maintained on-site.
' The project is considered a Federal "Categorical Exclusion" due to its limited scope and
insignificant environmental consequences.
' The bridge replacement, with the implementation of the Project Commitments page of this
document in addition to the use of current NCDOT standards and specifications, will not have
' a significant adverse effect on the quality of the human or natural environment.
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or zoning regulation. No change
' in land use is expected to result from construction of this project.
There are no hazardous waste impacts.
1
Utility impacts are expected to be medium.
' There will not be an adverse impact on the current school bus routes, since existing NC 151
will be utilized to maintain traffic during construction.
' No adverse impacts on families or communities is anticipated. Two residences will be
relocated by the proposed construction.
No significant adverse effect on public facilities or services is expected. The project is not
expected to adversely affect social, economic, or religious opportunities in the area.
' There are no significant publicly owned public parks, recreational facilities, or wildlife and
waterfowl refuges in the vicinity of the project. Two properties, Stoney Fork School and
' Davis Store and Feed Mill, have been determined to be eligible for the National Register of
5
1
Historic Places and are afforded protection under Section 4(f) of the US Department of ,
Transportation Act of 1966. However, the recommended Alternate does not require the use of
any portion of either of these resources' property; therefore, no Section 4(f) Evaluation is ,
required.
The proposed bridge replacement project will not raise the existing flood levels or have any
significant adverse effect on the existing floodplain.
B. ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES '
1. Compliance Guidelines ,
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and implemented by the Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 '
CFR Part 800. Section 106 requires Federal agencies to take into account the effect of
their undertakings (federally funded, licensed, or permitted) on properties included in
or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic places and to afford the '
Advisory Council a reasonable opportunity to comment on such undertakings.
2. Historic Architecture '
A field survey was conducted by Mattson, Alexander & Associates, Inc. for Ralph
Whitehead Associates, Inc. (RWA) in October, 1999 to delineate the project's area of
potential effects (APE) and to identify all properties within this area which were built '
prior to 1950. All of the APE, which is defined by modem construction, topographical
features and sight lines, was surveyed. Local residents, Charles Davis and Francis
Davis, provided information on the Davis Store and Feed Mill and the Stoney Fork '
School, respectively. Douglas Swain's publication, Cabins and Castles: The History
and Architecture of Buncombe County, North Carolina, (Swain 1981) provided
historical and architectural background information. Additionally, Clay Griffith, ,
Preservation Specialist in the Western Office of the Survey and Planning Branch,
North Carolina Division of Archives and History, was consulted regarding historic '
resources in the general vicinity of the project area.
Three potential properties identified within the APE, Stoney Fork School (ca. 1928), '
Davis Store and Feed Mill (ca. 1928), and Bridge No. 151 (1928) were evaluated.
Stoney Fork School and Davis Store and Feed Mill are eligible for the National
Register of Historic Places. Both properties are within the APE. Stoney Fork School is '
eligible for listing in the National Register under Criteria A for Education. Davis Store
and Feed Mill is eligible for the National Register under Criterion A for Commerce. In
a letter dated April 6, 2000, the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) concurred ,
with the eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places of the two properties.
The SHPO also concurred that Bridge No. 151 was not eligible for the National
Registry of Historical Places. A copy of the concurrence letter is included in the '
Appendix (A-1).
In a meeting on May 4, 2000, representatives of the North Carolina Historic '

Preservation Office (SHPO) concurred that Alternative 2 would have a "no effect" on
' the Stoney Fork School and Davis Store and Feed Mill properties. A copy of the
concurrence form is included in the Appendix (A-2).
' 3. Archaeology
In their May 11, 1999 letter (see Appendix, page A-3), the SHPO stated, "there are no
known archaeological sites within the proposed project area. Based on our present
knowledge of the area, it is unlikely that any archaeological resources, which may be.
eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places, will be affected by
' the project construction. We, therefore, recommend that no archaeological
investigation be conducted in connection with this project." Consequently, no
archaeological survey was conducted, and no impacts to significant archaeological
' sites are anticipated.
C. AIR AND TRAFFIC NOISE
The project is located in Buncombe. County, which has been determined to be
y, to compliance
with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 40 CFR Parts 51 and 93 is not applicable
because the proposed project is in an attainment area. This project is not anticipated to have a
negative impact on the air quality of this attainment area.
' The project will not result in increased noise levels. Noise levels may increase during the
construction period but will only be temporary. This evaluation completes the assessment
' requirements for highway traffic noise of Title 23, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part
772 and for air quality (1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and the National Environmental
Policy Act), and no additional reports are required.
' D. LAND USE & FARMLAND EFFECTS
' The Farmland Protection Policy Act of 1981 requires all federal agencies or their
representatives, to consider the impact of land acquisition and construction projects on prime
and important farmland soils. The U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) was asked to
determine whether the alternatives under consideration would impact prime or important
' farmland soils. According to the SCS, the proposed bridge replacement would impact prime
farmland.
' E. NATURAL RESOURCES
' 1. Physiography and Soils
The project corridor is located in the southern Blue Ridge physiographic province of
' North Carolina. Topography in the area is characterized by broad, rolling ridge tops
and smooth sloping to steep side slopes. Narrow to broad, flat floodplains are found in
association with the French Broad River and larger tributaries. The project corridor
' primarily occurs on gently sloping uplands and the floodplain associated with South
Hominy Creek. Elevations within the proposed site average approximately 2300 feet
(701.0 meters) (USGS Dunsmore Mountain quadrangle).

Three soil series have been mapped within the project corridor: French loam, Statler
loam, and Braddock loam. French loam series covers the majority of the land area in
the project corridor (approximately 75 percent) and is mapped along the banks and in
the channel of South Hominy Creek. French loam consists of very deep, moderately
well to somewhat poorly drained soils typically found in floodplains of streams in the
southern Appalachians (0-3 percent slopes). Permeability is moderate and available
water capacity is high. Approximately 80 percent of the total land use associated with
French soils is used for agricultural purposes. French loam is listed as non-hydric but
has inclusions of hydric soils or wet spots in Buncombe County (UDSA 1991).
The Braddock loam series is mapped adjacent to NC 151 along the north portion of the
project corridor. Braddock loam consists of very deep, well drained soils typically
found on high stream terraces, in coves, and on foot slopes (8-15 percent slopes).
Permeability is moderate and available water capacity is high. Braddock loam is listed
as non-hydric in Buncombe County (UDSA 1991).
The Statler loam series is mapped adjacent to NC 151 along the south portion of the
project corridor. Statler loam consists of nearly level, very deep, well drained soils
typically found on low stream terraces (1-5% slopes). Permeability is moderate and
available water capacity is high. Statler loam is listed as non-hydric in Buncombe
County (UDSA 1991).
2. Water Resources
The project corridor is located within sub-basin 04-03-02 of the French Broad River
Basin (DEM 1995) and within USGS Hydrologic Unit 06010105 of the South
Atlantic-Gulf Region. The headwaters of South Hominy Creek originate
approximately 4.5 miles (7.2 kilometers) southwest of the project corridor. Hominy
Creek drains into the French Broad River approximately 18.5 miles (29.7 kilometers)
to the northeast. South Hominy Creek has been assigned Stream Index Number 6-76-
5 by DWQ.
Stream Characteristics
South Hominy Creek is a well-defined, perennial mountain stream. Although the
stream may have originally been straightened, there is currently little evidence of
human impact. Stream bank-to-bank width throughout the project corridor is
approximately 25 feet (7.62 meters), and water velocity is characterized as moderate.
Bank-to-bank width at the bridge is approximately 18 feet (5.5 meters). The stream
exhibits low sinuosity and a moderate riffle/pool structure. Water depth throughout
the project corridor averages approximately 0.5 foot (0.15 meter) in the riffles to
approximately 1 foot (0.3 meter) in the pools. The channel substrate consists of sand-
sized to small boulder-sized (volleyball) particles. Although agriculture becomes the
dominant land use downstream of the bridge, stream banks throughout the project
corridor remain vegetated and appear stable.
s
' Construction activities associated with the replacement of Bridge #181 will occur east
of the existing facility so that no permanent impacts are expected to the west of the
' existing facility. However, some temporary impacts associated with the construction
easement and removal of pavement will occur west of the existing facility.
' Best Usage Classifications and Water Ouality
Classifications are assigned to waters of the State of North Carolina based on the
' existing or contemplated best usage of various streams or segments of streams in the
basin. A best usage classification of C Tr has been assigned to South Hominy Creek
(DWQ 2000). The designation C denotes aquatic life propagation and survival,
' fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture. Secondary recreation refers to
any activity in which bodily contact with water is on an infrequent or incidental basis
(DWQ 2000). The supplemental designation Tr denotes a stream as suitable for
' natural trout propagation and maintenance of stocked trout. No other stream
designated as HQW, Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW), Water Supply I (WS-1),
or Water Supply II (WS-II) occurs within 1.0 mile (1.6 kilometer) of the project
corridor.
The Division of Water Quality (DWQ) (previously known as the Division of
' Environmental Management, Water Quality Section [DEM]) has initiated a whole
basin approach to water quality management for the 17 river basins within the state.
Water quality for the proposed project area is summarized in the French Broad River
Basinwide Water Quality Management Plan (DEM 1995). User support information
concerning water quality is available for monitored stream segments of the French
Broad River. Sampling data indicate a water qualit0ioclassification rating of Good-
Fair at the sampling station in Candler, NC, at the intersection of South Hominy
Creek and NC 151 (approximately 6.4 miles [10.3 kilometers] downstream).
' Biological structure indicates generally good water quality within the headwaters of
Hominy Creek but is described as poor towards the lower reaches of the basin.
' Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources
Short-term impacts to water quality, such as sedimentation and turbidity, can be
anticipated from construction-related activities. Impacts can be minimized.by using
best management practices (BMPs) during construction. The contractor will follow
contract specifications pertaining to erosion control measures as outlined in 23 CFR
t 650 Subpart B and Article 107-13 entitled "Control of Erosion, Siltation, and
Pollution" (NCDOT, Specifications for Roads and Structures). These measures
include 1) the use of dikes, berms, silt basins, and other containment measures to
control runoff; 2) elimination of construction staging areas in floodplains and
adjacent to waterways; 3) re-seeding of herbaceous cover on disturbed sites; 4)
management of chemicals (herbicides, pesticides, de-icing compounds) with potential
negative impacts on water quality; and 5) avoidance of direct discharges into streams
through the use of catch basins and roadside vegetation. Special restrictions other

e
than those outlined in Best Managem
nt Practices of. Surface Waters include those
outlined by the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission (see Appendix).
b
a
The proposed
ridge repl
cement will allow for continuation of present creek flows,
thereby protecting system integrity. Long-term impacts to South Hominy Creek are
expected to be negligible. In order to minimize impacts to water resources, NCDOT ,
BMPs for the Protection of Surface Waters will be strictly enforced during the entire
life of the project.
,
There is potential for components of the superstructure to be dropped into waters of
the United States during construction. The resulting temporary fill associated with
the concrete deck and bents is approximately 50 cubic yards (38.2 cubic meters).
NCDOT's Best Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal (BMP-
BDR) will be applied for the removal of this bridge.

3. Biotic Resources
Plant Communities
Three distinct plant communities were identified within the project corridor: riparian
forest, roadside/disturbed land, and agricultural land. These plant communities are '
described below.
Riparian Forest - This community occurs as a riparian fringe along the banks and
levees of South Hominy Creek and contains species typical of a mesic hardwood
forest. The community structure consists of a mature canopy, a developed understory
of shrubs, smaller trees, and saplings of canopy species, and a ground layer of herbs
and seedlings. Canopy species include hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), white oak
(Quercus alba), red maple (Ater rubrum), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), black.
walnut (Juglans nigra), black cherry (Prunus serotina), and sycamore (Platanus
occidentalis). The understory is primarily a reflection of canopy saplings along with
tag alder (Alnus serrulata), great laurel (Rhododendron maximum), and dogwood
(Cornus florida).. The herbaceous layer consists of plants such as queen-of-the-
meadow (Eupatorium fistulosum), beggar ticks (Bidens frondosa), knotweed
(Polygonum sp.), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), giant cane (Arundinaria
gigantea), goldenrod (Solidago spp.), and spotted touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis).
Roadside/Disturbed Land - This community is located throughout the project
corridor and includes roadside margins and maintained yards associated with
residential development. No defined forest-type canopy structure exists, but both
white pine (Pinus strobus) and balsam fir (Abies fraseri) were observed in residential
yards. Shrubs identified within disturbed areas include blackberry (Rubus sp.), wild
rose (Rosa carolina), and smooth sumac (Rhus glabra). Herbs observed along the
roadsides and in yards include clover (Trifolium spp.), ragweed (Ambrosia '
artemisiifolia), crab grass (Digitaria sp.), grape (Vitis sp.), Japanese honeysuckle, and
goldenrod. Turf grass areas associated with both residential and roadside land uses
are planted primarily with fescue (Festuca sp.). j
10
Agricultural Land - Agriculture is a primary land use in the surrounding region.
Local topography in this region is broad and relatively flat, which provides an ideal
area for agriculture. During field investigations, agricultural fields had been cleared
and turned; however, these fields were probably planted with grain and fodder crops.
Some shrub and herb species such as Japanese honeysuckle, dandelion (Taraxacum
officinale), sheep-sorrel (Rumex acetosella), chickweed (Cerastium spp.), goldenrod,
and blackberry are found along ecotonal boundaries between roadside margins,
forested boundaries, and agricultural land.
Anticipated Impacts to Plant Communities
Anticipated impacts to plant communities are estimated based on the amount of each
plant community present within the projected construction limits. A summary of
potential plant community impacts is presented in the following table (areas are
provided in acres). Permanent impacts represent those areas that will be permanently
impacted by new road construction. Temporary impacts include areas located both
within the construction easement and a small section of temporary road. Upon
completion of roadway improvements, temporarily impacted areas are expected to be
restored to pre-project conditions. Some issues concerning impacts to plant
communities have been addressed by the North Carolina Wildlife Resource
Commission (see Appendix). A summary of potential plant community impacts is
presented in the table below.
Alternate 2
Plant Community Permanent
Impacts
ac(ha) Temporary
Impacts
ac(ha)
Urban/Disturbed Land 1.54 (0.62) 1.45 (0.58)
Agricultural Land 1.64 (0.66) 1.03 (0.42)
Riparian Hardwood Forest 0.005 (0.002) 0.005 (0.002)
Total 3.19(l.28) 2.48 (1.002)
Permanent impacts to natural riparian forest are slight (0.005 acre [0.002 hectare]).
The majority of permanent impacts involve urban/disturbed land and agricultural land
(3.18 acres [1.3 hectare]). Temporary impacts to plant communities within the
projected construction limits total 2.48 acres (1.0 hectare). However, the majority of
' this area involves existing urban/disturbed land (1.03 acre [0.4 hectare]). Minimal
long-term impacts to natural plant communities are expected for the proposed
11
reconstruction of Bridge #181. The project will result in relocation of ecotonal
boundaries; therefore, no new fragmentation of plant communities is expected.
Wildlife
The project corridor is dominated by residential and agricultural land with a riparian
hardwood forest surrounding South Hominy Creek. The diversity in land use and the
additional ecotonal transitions provide habitat for a wide variety of wildlife. These
diverse habitats are expected to offer a variety of foraging and nesting possibilities.
The species of wildlife identified or expected to utilize these various types of habitat
within the project corridor are described below.
Terrestrial - No mammal signs (tracks, scat, etc) were noted within the project
corridor during the investigation. Species which are expected to frequent project
corridor habitats include, but are not limited to, the eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale
putorius), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus
virginianus), woodchuck (Marmoto monax), raccoon (Procyon lotor), eastern
cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and deer mouse
(Peromyscus maniculatus).
Birds observed within or adjacent to the project corridor include northern cardinal
(Cardinalis cardinalis), Carolina chickadee (Poecile carolinensis), American crow
(Corvus brachyrhynchos), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), northern mockingbird
(Mimus polyglottos), tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor), European starling
(Sturnus vulgaris), and common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas). Other birds
expected within forest and ecotonal communities include northern flicker (Colaptes
auratus), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), song
sparrow (Melospiza melodia), eastern screech owl (Otus asio), American robin
(Turdus migratorius), and indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea).
A rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta) was observed within the project corridor during the
field visit. Other terrestrial reptile species expected within the project corridor
include eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina), eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus
undulatus), eastern kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus), five-lined skink (Eumeces
fasciatus), and copperhead (Agkistron contortrix).
Aquatic - South Hominy Creek is a clear, moderate-flowing, perennial stream and
could support a wide variety of fish species. No sampling was undertaken to
determine fishery potential. Species which could be expected within South Hominy
Creek may include central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum), river chub (Nocomis
micropogon), saffron shiner (Notropis rubricroceus), mirror shiner (Notropis
spectrunculus), northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans), and fantail darter
(Etheostoma flabellare). Characteristic species of game fish that may be located in or
adjacent to the project corridor include rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown
trout (Salmo trutta).
12
r Although South Hominy Creek provides sufficient habitat for several amphibian and
reptile species, no species were identified during field investigations. Species that
' could be expected to frequent the project corridor include the eastern newt
(Notophthalmus viridescens), common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), painted
turtle (Chrysemys picta), spring salamander (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus), mountain
' dusky salamander (Desmognathus ochrophaeus), green frog (Rana clamitans), and
pickerel frog (Rana palustris).
Anticipated Impacts to Wildlife
Due to the limited extent of infringement on natural communities, the proposed
' bridge replacement is not expected to result in significant loss or displacement of
known terrestrial animal populations. No significant habitat fragmentation is
anticipated since most improvements will be restricted to roadside margins.
' Construction noise and associated disturbances will have short-term impacts on
avifauna and migratory wildlife movement patterns. However, long-term impacts are
expected to be negligible. Potential down-stream impacts to aquatic habitat will be
' avoided by bridging the system to maintain regular flow and stream integrity. In
addition, temporary impacts to downstream habitat from increased sediment during
construction will be minimized by the implementation of stringent erosion control
measures. Special restrictions other than those outlined in Best Management
Practices of Surface Waters, BMP-BDRs, include those concerning trout waters and
are outlined by the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission (see Appendix).
Short-term impacts associated with turbidity, fill, and suspended sediments will affect
benthic populations.
' Building of a temporary br idge and approaches associated with the proposed
improvements will have significant short-term impacts on vegetated communities and
the stream within the construction footprint. However, upon removal of the proposed
detour and completion of the permanent structure, temporarily impacted areas will be
planted to restore natural vegetated communities. The mobile nature of local wildlife
' and fish populations will allow them to vacate the project corridor during construction
and return following bridge replacement and removal of any temporary structures.
' 4. Special Topics
Waters of the United States
' Surface waters within South Hominy Creek are subject to jurisdictional consideration
under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act as waters of the United States (33 CFR
328.3). The waters South Hominy Creek exhibit characteristics of riverine, upper
' perennial, open water that are permanently flooded, with bottom conditions unknown
(R30WH) (Cowardin et al. 1979, NWI mapping).
' Wetlands subject to review under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1344) are defined by the presence of three primary criteria: hydric soils, hydrophytic
' vegetation, and evidence of hydrology at or near the surface for a portion (12.5
13
percent) of the growing season (DOA 1987). No wetlands are located within the
project corridor.
Areas (acres [hectares]) and linear distances (feet [meters]) of stream shaded by
proposed bridging are shown in the table below.
Jurisdictional Type Total Impacts
Open Water:
Area (acres [hectares]) 0.02 (0.008)
Linear distance (feet [meters]) 25(7.6)
There is potential for components of the superstructure to be dropped into waters of
the United States during construction. The resulting temporary fill associated with
the concrete deck and bents is approximately 50 cubic yards (38.2 cubic meters).
Special restrictions other than those outlined in Best Management Practices of
Surface Waters, BMP-BDRs, include those outlined by the North Carolina Wildlife
Resource Commission (NCWRC) (see Appendix).
This project can be classified as Case 2, unless threatened and/or endangered species
are documented through detailed surveys (see section 4.2). Case 2 classification
requires that no work be performed in the water during moratorium periods
associated with fish migration, spawning, and larval recruitment. NCDOT will
coordinate with various resource agencies during project planning to ensure that all
concerns regarding bridge demolition are resolved.
Permits - This project is being processed as a Categorical Exclusion (CE) under
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). guidelines. The United States Corp of
Engineers (USACE) has made available Nationwide Permit (NWP) #23 [33 CFR
330.5(a)(23)] for CEs due to expected minimal impact. The Division of Water
Quality (DWQ) has made available a General 401 Water Quality Certification for
NWP #23. However, authorization for jurisdictional impacts through the use of this
permit will require written notification to DWQ. In the event that NWP #23 will not
suffice, minor impacts attributed to bridging and associated improvements are
expected to qualify under General Bridge Permit #031 issued by the Wilmington
USACE District. Notification to the Wilmington USACE office is required if this
general permit is utilized.
Mitigation - Compensatory mitigation may be required for this project due to the
nature of project impacts. There is potential for components of the superstructure to
be dropped into waters of the United States during construction. The resulting
temporary fill associated with the concrete deck and bents is approximately 50 cubic
yards (38.2 cubic meters). Utilization of BMPs is recommended in an effort to
minimize impacts. Temporary impacts to the tributary and adjacent lands associated
14

L
F

i
with the construction activities could be mitigated by removal of temporary fill
material and replanting disturbed areas with native wetland species 'upon project
completion. Fill or alteration of more than 150 linear feet of stream may require
compensatory mitigation in accordance with 15 NCAC 2H.0506(h). A final
determination regarding mitigation to waters of the U.S. rests with the USACE and
' DWQ.
Protected Species
i Federally Protected Species - Species with the federal classification of Endangered.
(E) or Threatened (T), Proposed (P) for such listing, or Threatened due to Similarity
' of Appearance (T [S/A]) are protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of
1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). The term "Endangered species is
defined as "any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant
portion of its range," and the term "Threatened species" is defined as "any species
which is likely to become an Endangered species within the foreseeable future
throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (16 U.S.C. 1532). The term
"Proposed" is defined as "any species proposed for official listing as Endangered or
Threatened." Twelve federally-protected species are listed for Buncombe County
(February 26, 2001 USFWS list) and are displayed in the table below:
Common Name Scientific Name Status Notes
Vertebrates:
Bo turtle Clemm s muhlenbur ii T (S/A)
Carolina northern flying squirrel Glaucom s sabrinus coloratus E
Eastern cougar Felis concolor cou ar E
Gray bat M otis risescens E **
S otfin chub C rinella monacha T
Invertebrates:
Appalachian elktoe Alasmidonta raveneliana E
Oyster mussel E ioblasma ca sae ormis E
Tan riffleshell E ioblasma orentia walkei E
Vascular Plants:
Bunched arrowhead Sa ittaria asciculata E
Mountain sweet pitcher plant Sarracenia 'onesii E
Spreading avens Geum radiatum E
Virginia s iraea S iraea vir iniana T
Nonvascular Plants:
Rock ome lichen G mnoderma lineare E
Notes:
* This species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago
** This species was observed outside of its normal range or habitat
15
Bog Turtle - The bog turtle is a small turtle reaching an adult size of approximately 3 '
to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm). This otherwise darkly-colored species is readily identifiable
by the presence of a bright orange or yellow blotch on the sides of the head and neck '
(Martof et. al. 1980). The bog turtle has declined drastically within the northern
portion of its range due to over collection and habitat alteration. As a result, the bog
turtle is listed as Threatened within the northern portion of its range, and within the '
southern portion of its range, which includes North Carolina, the bog turtle is listed as
Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance (T [S/A]) to the northern population.
The listing bans the collection and interstate and international commercial trade of '
bog turtles from the southern population. The listing allows incidental take of bog
turtles in the southern population resulting from otherwise lawful activity. _
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: The bog turtle is typically found in bogs, marshes,
and wet pastures, usually in association with aquatic or semi-aquatic vegetation and
small, shallow streams over soft bottoms (Palmer and Braswell 1995). This required
habitat is not located in the project corridor. In North Carolina, bog turtles have a
discontinuous distribution in the Mountains and western Piedmont. NHP records
indicate that bog turtle has not been documented in the vicinity of the project
corridor. T S/A species are not subject to Section 7 consultation and a biological
conclusion is not required. However, this project is not expected to affect the bog
turtle. NO EFFECT. '
Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel - The Carolina northern flying squirrel is an ,
isolated, endangered subspecies of the more wide-ranging northern flying squirrel
(Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus). Flying squirrels are nocturnal and have a loose, fully
furred fold of skin on each side of the body between the wrists and the ankles that ,
enable the squirrels to glide through the air. Carolina flying squirrel can be
distinguished from the similar southern flying squirrel (G. volans) by larger size
(ranging from 10.2 to 12.0 inches [26.0 to 30.5 centimeters] total length) and by '
having gray rather than white bases of the ventral hairs (Weigl 1987).
The Carolina flying squirrel typically occurs in spruce-fir forests and mature '
hardwood forests adjacent to spruce-fir forests at elevations above 4000 feet (1219
meters) (Weigl 1987). Endemic to the Appalachians of western North Carolina and
eastern Tennessee, this subspecies is known from the Great Smoky Mountains, Roan ,
Mountain, and Mount Mitchell.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: The Carolina northern flying squirrel typically ,
occurs in or around spruce-fir forests which are not found within the project corridor.
Elevations at the project corridor (2300 feet [701.0 meters]) are also much lower than
the elevations required for these species (4000 feet [1219 meters]). NHP records ,
show no sighting of Carolina northern flying squirrel in the vicinity of the project
corridor. This project is not expected to affect the Carolina northern flying squirrel.
NO EFFECT ,

16 ,
Eastern Cougar - The eastern cougar is a possibly extinct eastern subspecies of the
widespread mountain lion species. This species was possibly extirpated from North
Carolina by the late 1800s although recent sporadic sightings have been reported from
remote areas of the mountains and coastal plain (Lee 1987). Mountain lions are large,
long-tailed cats; adult males may measure 7 to 9 feet (2.1 to 2.7 meters) total length
with females averaging 30 to 40 percent smaller (Handley 1991). Adult mountain
lion tracks measure approximately 3.5 inches (9 centimeters) (Lee 1987).
Recent specimens of mountain lion taken in North Carolina and elsewhere in mid-
Atlantic states have proved to be individuals of other subspecies that have escaped or
been released from captivity (Lee 1987, Handley 1991). The eastern cougar requires
large tracts of relatively undisturbed habitat that support large populations of white-
tailed deer (Webster et al. 1985).
BIOLOGICAL. CONCLUSION: The eastern cougar requires large tracts of
undisturbed land with large populations of white-tailed deer. Land use in and
adjacent to the project corridor consists of large tracts of agricultural and residential
land. NHP records show no sighting of the eastern cougar in the county within the
past 50 years. This project is not expected to affect the eastern cougar. NO
EFFECT
Gray Bat - The gray bat is a small to medium-sized bat, measuring 3.1 to 3.8 inches
(8.0 to 9.9 centimeters) in total length, with unbanded gray, dusky, or reddish brown
dorsal hairs and hairs frosted with white on the belly. The gray bat is distinguished
from other eastern bats by the attachment of the wing membrane to the ankle rather
than to the base of the toe (Webster et al. 1985).
Gray bats roost in large limestone caves year-round, but migrate from summer
maternity colonies and bachelor roosts in late summer to caves used for hibernation.
Maternity roosts are typically located in caves with large flowing streams (Handley
1991). Roosts are located near large permanent water bodies, such as rivers and
reservoirs, over which gray bats forage. North Carolina is on the periphery of the
range for gray bat, and, in North Carolina, this species is known from a single
individual which had been tagged in Tennessee and probably represents a vagrant
(Webster et al. 1985).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: Required habitat for the gray bat includes access
' to limestone caves for hibernation periods which are not located in or adjacent to the
project corridor. NHP records indicate that the only sighting of the gray bat in
Buncombe County may represent an incidental migrant record. The project corridor
is located outside of the gray bat's range and is not expected to affect the gray bat.
NO EFFECT
Spotfin Chub - The spotfin chub, sometimes placed in the genus Cyprinella, is a
small, slender minnow that may reach adult size of 2.2 to 3.5 inches (5.5 to 9.0
centimeters) standard length. The spotfin chub has an inferior mouth with small
17
barbels at each corner, a large caudal spot, and dark posterior dorsal fin membrane.
Breeding males have blue sides with two large white bars anteriorly, olive or tan
back, silvery cream belly, and blue fins edged with white.. The coloration of the
breeding male leads to an alternative common name in . usage for this species,
turquoise shiner. Adult females and non-breeding males are bright silver with tan,
gray, or olive green dorsal coloration, and have pale fins. Spawning is thought to
begin in mid-May and extend into mid-August (Burkhead and Jenkins 1991).
In North Carolina, the spotfin chub is presently restricted to the Little Tennessee
River system, although it formerly occurred in the French Broad drainage as well
(LeGrand and Hall 1999). Spotfin chub is typically found in clear waters of medium-
sized streams and rivers of moderate gradient. Spotfin chub do not tolerate heavily
silted conditions and are reported to prefer areas with moderate to swift flow over
large bars and beds of small to medium-sized gravel (Lee et al. 1980). Spotfin chub
occasionally occur in sandy areas (Burkhead and Jenkins 1991).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: Required habitat for the spotfin chub is found
within the project corridor. However, the spotfin chub is presently restricted to the
Little Tennessee River system. NHP records show no sighting of spotfin chub in
Buncombe County within 50 years. This project is not expected to affect the spotfin
chub. NO EFFECT
Appalachian Elktoe - Appalachian elktoe is a small, subovate- to kidney-shaped
freshwater mussel that grows to approximately 3.1 inches (8.0 centimeters) in length,
1.4 inch (3.5 centimeters) in height, and 1.0 inch (2.5 centimeters) in width (Clarke
1981). The shell is thin, but not fragile, and exhibits slight inflation along the
posterior ridge near the center of the shell. Beaks project only slightly above the
hinge line. Lateral teeth are absent; however, the hinge plate of both valves is
thickened. Small, pyramidal, compressed pseudocardinal teeth are present, and an
interdental projection is present in the left valve. Juveniles are yellowish brown, but
the periostracum (outer shell surface) is thicker and dark brown in adults. Individuals
may be variably marked with prominent to obscure greenish rays. The nacre (shell
interior) is shiny, blue to bluish white with salmon, pinkish, or brownish coloring in
the central portion of the shell and beak cavity.
Appalachian elktoe is endemic to the upper Tennessee River system in the mountains
of western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. In North Carolina, this species
may now be restricted to the Little Tennessee and Nolichucky drainages (LeGrand
and Hall 1999). Recent North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission surveys have
documented this species in the Little Tennessee River in Macon and Swain Counties,
Cane River in Yancey County, and Nolichucky and North Toe Rivers in Yancey and
Mitchell Counties. The Pigeon River once supported a population of this mussel, but
now is reported to be severely polluted and no longer likely to support the species
(TSCFTM 1990). Habitat where Appalachian elktoe has been found is described as
riffle areas with gravel and cobble substrate (TSCFTM 1990).
18
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: Habitat for the Appalachian elktoe may exist
within the project corridor. However the species may be restricted to the Little
Tennessee and Nolichucky drainages and the project corridor is located in the French
Broad River drainage. NHP records show no sighting of the Appalachian elktoe in
the vicinity of the project corridor; therefore, this project is not expected to affect the
Appalachian elktoe. NO EFFECT
Oyster Mussel - The oyster mussel is a small freshwater mussel that grows to
approximately 2.1 inches (7.0 centimeters) in length. The shell is dull to sub-shiny
and yellowish-to green-colored with numerous dark green rays. The nacre (inside
shell surface) is whitish to bluish in color. Shells of females are slightly inflated and
thinner toward the posterior margin.
Oyster mussels inhabit small to medium sized rivers characterized by sand to boulder
substrata and moderate to swift currents. This species is sometimes associated with
water willow (Justicia americana) and is found in gravel pockets between bedrock
and swift currents. Four species of fish have been identified as hosts: spotted darter
(Etheostoma maculatum), redline darter (E. rufilineatum), dusky darter (Percina
sciera), and banded sculpin (Cottus carollinae) (USFWS 2000).
The oyster mussel is endemic to the Cumberland and Tennessee River drainages in
Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina. Within North
Carolina, the species was known to have been abundant in the early 1900s in the
upper Tennessee River system of the mountains of western North Carolina and
Tennessee. Currently the oyster mussel survives in nine tributaries of the Tennessee
and Cumberland River systems in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. This species is
now considered to have been "formerly reported" from the French Broad River
(LeGrand and Hall 1999). Much of the historic range of this species has been
impounded by Project of the Tennessee Valley Authority and the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers. Other populations have probably been lost due to pollution and siltation.
All known populations are small and vulnerable to disturbance.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: Habitat for the oyster mussel exists within the
project corridor; however, the oyster mussel is restricted to the Tennessee and
Cumberland river drainages, and the project corridor is located in the French Broad
I River drainage basin. NHP records show no sighting of the oyster mussel in the
vicinity of the project corridor; therefore this project is not expected to affect the
oyster mussel. NO EFFECT
Bunched Arrowhead - Bunched arrowhead is a perennial, emergent, aquatic herb
growing to 14 inches (35 centimeters) in height with simple, basal leaves. Two leaf
forms are produced: phyllodes (blade-less) early in the season, and progressively
longer, broader leaves later in the season (Kral 1983). The phyllodes are linear,
' distinctively flattened, spongy-tissued, and are up to 4 inches(10 centimeters) long
and 0.8 inch (2 centimeters) wide. Later leaves may be spoon-shaped or narrowly
oblanceolate and strap-like, growing to a length of 14 inches (35 centimeters) and
19
width of 1.6 inch (4 centimeters). Unisexual flowers are borne on an erect flowering '
stem in two to four whorls, with each whorl subtended by three bracts fused at the
base. Fruits consist of a round aggregate of large, distinctively crested achenes. ,
Flowering has been reported as occurring in May and June (Kral 1983) to as late as
July (Massey et al. 1983), with fruits present from May through September (Massey
et al. 1983). Vegetative portions of the plant may emerge in April and persist through ,
September (Massey et al. 1983).
Bunched arrowhead is found rooted in shallow water in or along shallow, sluggish '
streams flowing through mountain swamps or bogs (Kral 1983). In order to seed and
survive, this species must have slow flow, a shallow water depth, and a silty muck
substrate. Typical substrate is reported to be siliceous and micaceous silty muck, ,
often with high sulfide content (Kral 1983). The current distribution is restricted to
Buncombe and Henderson Counties in the mountains of North Carolina (Amoroso
and Weakley 1999) and Greenville County in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. ,
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: Bunched arrowhead's required habitat includes
sluggish streams, mountain swamps, or mountain bogs. This habitat is not found in '
or adjacent to the project corridor. NHP records show no observation of the bunched
arrowhead in the vicinity of the project corridor; therefore, this project is not expected
to affect spreading avens. NO EFFECT ,
Mountain Sweet Pitcher Plant Mountain sweet pitcher plant is an insectivorous, '
perennial, hydrophytic herb growing to 29 inches (73 centimeters) in height with
hollow, trumpet-shaped leaves. The pitcher chamber is narrow but expands sharply
along the upper quarter of the length. An ascending, cordate-shaped hood is held
high over the exposed pitcher chamber orifice. Solitary flowers are produced on erect
flowering stems. Petals are dark red to maroon on the outside, with the inner surface
often yellow-green tinged with red. Flowering has been reported from April to June ,
with fruits formed by August. Vegetative portions of the plant may emerge in April
and persist through August (Massey et al. 1983). Mountain sweet pitcher plant is
sometimes treated as a variety or subspecies of the more common sweet pitcher plant '
(S. rubra).
Mountain sweet pitcher plant is found in mountain bogs and along streams. The '
current distribution is restricted to Buncombe, Henderson, and Transylvania Counties
in the mountains of North Carolina (Amoroso and Weakley 1999) and Greenville and
Pickens Counties in western South Carolina. ,
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: Typical habitat of Mountain sweet pitcher plant
includes mountain bogs and streams. No bogs are located within the project corridor.
NHP records show no observation of the mountain sweet pitcher plant in the vicinity
of the project corridor; however, habitat for mountain sweet pitcher plant (South
Hominy Creek) exists within the project corridor. Based on available information '
and results of a field survey conducted on June 6, 2001, the proposed project will not
affect the mountain sweet pitcher plant. NO EFFECT.
20
I
Spreading Avens - Spreading avens is an erect, densely hairy, perennial herb 20
inches (50 centimeters) tall. A basal rosette of odd-pinnately compound leaves is
produced from a horizontal rhizome. These leaves are long stalked and terminated by
a large kidney-shaped lobe; tiny leaflets are usually present below the terminal lobe
(Kral 1983). Small, sessile, serrated leaves are found on the flowering stem.
Lanceolate sepals and relatively long petal lengths of 0.5 to 0.8 inch (1.3 to 2.0
centimeters) help differentiate spreading avens from related species (Massey et al.
1983). Bright yellow, five-petaled flowers, approximately 2.4 to 3.1 inches (6 to 8
centimeters) across, are produced from June to August; these are followed between
July and October by hairy achenes with a persistent, straight style approximately 0.2
I inch (1 centimeter) long (Massey et al 1983). Vegetative parts may emerge in May
and persist through October.
' Spreading avens usually occurs at elevations greater than 5000 feet (1524 meters) on
mountain grass balds or in grassy clearings in heath balds as well as in crevices of
granitic rock; it cannot tolerate shading or crowding (Kral 1983). Spreading avens is
' found in a few northwestern counties of North Carolina, and in nearby counties of
Tennessee.
I BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: Spreading Avens is typically found in open fields
or grass balds. Agricultural fields do provide the necessary habitat. However,
spreading avens usually occurs at elevations greater than 5000 feet (1524 meters) and
' site elevations within the project corridor average 2300 feet (701.0 meters). NHP
records show no observation of spreading avens in the vicinity of the project corridor;
therefore, this project is not expected to affect spreading avens. NO EFFECT
' Virginia SPiraea - Virginia sPiraea is a deciduous colonial shrub that averages 3 to
10 feet (1 to 3 meters) in height, but may reach heights of 13 feet (4 meters). Its
' short-stalked leaves are alternate, nearly toothless, and narrowly elliptic with a
pointed tip (Radford et al. 1968). Numerous small, white, 5-petaled flowers are
produced on terminal clusters in June to July. Dried corymbs often persist through
' winter. Seed production is reported to be sporadic and most colonies are believed to
arise from downstream dispersal and establishment of fragments of horizontal
' rootstock (Porter and Wieboldt 1991).
Endemic to the southern Appalachians, Virginia spiraea is restricted to disturbance-
prone riverine areas, specifically along scoured banks of high gradient streams,
meander scrolls, point bars, natural levees, and braided features of lower stream
reaches (Porter and Wieboldt 1991). Disturbance is required for removal of woody
' competitors and to aid in establishment of colonies.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: Virginia spiraea is found along open stream sides
' where extensive scouring limits canopy competition. South Hominy Creek contains a
riparian canopy throughout the project corridor which provides continuous shading.
NHP records show no observation of Virginia spiraea in the vicinity of the project
21

corridor; therefore, this project is not expected to affect Virginia spiraea. NO
EFFECT
Rock Gnome Lichen - The rock gnome lichen is a small, squamulose (strap-like)
lichen in the reindeer moss (lichen) family. This species is similar to squamulose
lichens in the genus Cladonia by having terminal portions of its strap-like lobes that
are blue-gray on the upper surface and shiny-white on the lower surface; rock gnome
lichen differs from these other lichens by having blackened lobe bases. The lichen
grows nearly parallel to the rock surface to which it is attached, but the tips curl up to
a near vertical orientation. Reproduction appears to be asexual, with colonies
spreading clonally. Rock gnome lichen is typically found growing in association with
a distinctively colored, reddish-brown moss (Andreaea) (Murdock 1993).
The rock gnome lichen is endemic to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee.
Most populations occur above 5000 feet (1524 meters) in elevation in areas subject to
frequent fog cover, but the species has been found at lower elevations in deep gorges
where a similarly high humidity regime is present. Rock gnome lichen typically
occurs on vertical rock faces subject to intermittent seepage (Murdock 1993).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: Rock gnome lichen typically occurs on vertical
rock faces subject to intermittent seepage at higher elevations (typically 5000 feet
[152 meters]) or where a high humidity regime is present. Elevations at the project
corridor (2300 feet [701 meters]) are much lower then the elevations required for
these species. Required gorge features or rock faces are not present within the project
corridor. NHP records show no sighting of rock gnome lichen in the vicinity of the
project corridor. This project is not expected to affect the rock gnome lichen. NO
EFFECT
Federal species of concern - The February 26, 2001 USFWS list also includes a
category of species designated as "Federal species of concern" (FSC). The FSC
designation provides no federal protection under the ESA for the species listed. The
presence of potential suitable habitat within the project corridor has been evaluated
for the following FSC species listed for Buncombe County. These species as well as
habitat survey results are listed in the table on the following page.
State Protected Species - Plant and animal species which are on the North Carolina
state list (Amoroso 1999, LeGrand and Hall 1999) as Endangered (E), Threatened
(T), or Special Concern (SC) receive limited protection under the North Carolina
Endangered Species Act (G.S. 113-331 et seq.) and the North Carolina Plant
Protection Act of 1979 (G.S. 106-202 et seq.). NHP records indicate no state listed
species has been located within 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) of the site.
22

1

1

1

I1

Common Name
Scientific Name State
Status* Potential
Habitat
Vertebrates:
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl Aegolius acadicus SC NO
Bachman's sparrow Aimophila aestivalis SC NO
Rafinesque's big-eared bat Corynorhinus raftnesquii SC NO
Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis SC YES
Cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea SR NO
Southern Appalachian red crossbill Loxia curvirostra SR NO
Eastern small-footed myotis Myotis leibii SC NO
Southern Appalachian woodrat Neotoma floridana haematoreia SC NO
Alleghany woodrat Neotoma magister SC NO
Southern Appalachian black-capped
chickadee Parus atricapillus practicus SC NO
Longhead darter Percina macrocephala SC YES
Paddlefish Polyodon spathula E YES
Southern water shrew Sorex palustris punctulatus SC NO
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied
sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius appalaciensis SR NO
Appalachian Bewick's wren Thryomanes bewickii altus E NO
Invertebrates:
French Broad crayfish ambarus reburrus W2 YES
Tawny crescent butterfly hycoides batesii
I SR NO

Diana fritillary butterfly
pe
yeria dana
s

SR

NO
Vascular Plants:
Fraser fir Abies fraseri C NO
Piratebush Buckleya distichophylla E NO
Cain's reedgrass Calamagrostis cainii E NO
Glade spurge Euphorbia purpurea C NO
Mountain heartleaf Hexastylis contracta E NO
French Broad heartleaf Hexastylis rhombiformis C NO
Butternut Juglans cinerea W5 NO
Gray's lily Lilium grayi T-SC NO
Fraser's loosestrife Lysimachia fraseri E YES
Sweet pinesap Monotropsis odorata C NO
Pinnate-lobed black-eyed susan Rudbeckia triloba var. C NO
Carolina saxifrage Saxifraga caroliniana C NO
Divided-leaf ragwort Senecio millefolium T NO
Mountain catchfly Silene ovata L C NO
* E - Endangered W - Watch List
T - Threatened C - Candidate
SC - Special Concern
23
VIII. COMMENTS AND COORDINATION
A Citizens Informational Workshop was conducted.November 14, 2000 between the hours of
4:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. at the Enka Middle School located in Enka, NC. Approximately 22
citizens (excluding NCDOT representatives) were in attendance at the workshop. In general,
the public was in favor of the proposed improvements. A copy of the handout, sign-in sheet,
public comments, and news article are included in the Appendix (A-17 thru A-22).
A public officials workshop was held prior to the Citizens' Information Workshop between
3:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. No locally elected officials attended.
IX. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the above discussion, NCDOT and FHWA conclude that the project will cause no
significant environmental impacts. Therefore, the project may be processed as a Categorical
Exclusion.
24
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9 (V
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%'' 'f' NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTNEENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
PROTECT DEVCLOPNIENT &
ENVI:RON'LNEENFTAL. ANALYSIS BRANCH
NC 151 REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE No. 181
OVER SOUTH HOMINY CREEK
BUNCOMBE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
STATE PROJECT No. 8.1844601 (8-3414)
PROJECT LOCATION MAP FIGURE 1

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APPENDIX

_
All'
' North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook. Administrator
James B. Hunt 1r.. Governor Division of Archives and History
' Betty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
April 6, 2000
' Nicholas L. Graf
Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
Department of Transportation
310 New Bern Avenue
Raleigh, N.C. 27601-1442
1
Re: Replacement of Bridge No. 181 on NC 151 over South Hominy Creek, TIP No. B-3414,
' Buncombe County, ER 00-8781
Dear Mr. Graf:
Thank you for your letter of February 7, 2000, transmitting the survey report by Mattson,-.lexander and
Associates concerning the above project.
' For purposes of compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, we concur that
the following eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under the criterion cited:
Stoney Fork School is eligible for listing in the National Register under Criterion A for Education
as it clearly represents early local and statewide efforts to improve and consolidate rural schools.
' In addition, we believe that the school is eligible for listing under Criterion C for Architecture as
the original form, plan and key elements of design survive intact and serve as an example of
' school designs in that region during the period of significance. We concur with the boundaries as
noted on page 12 and illustrated on page 19 of the report.
Davis Store and Feed Mill is eligible for the National Register under Criterion Al for Commerce as
' it exemplifies the small, crossroads commercial establishments of the period. In addition, we
believe that the property is also eligible under Criterion C for Architecture as the complex is a rare
' representative of a once common form that has "fallen to changing times." We concur with the
boundaries as noted on page 22 and illustrated on page 29 of the report.
' The following determined not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places:
13 ridge No. 1 ? 1
Location "iress Telephone/Fax
ADMIN(STRATIOY 507 N. Blount St., Raleigh NC A-la mer. Raleigh `C 27699-4617 [phone] • 733-8653
UAIRCHAEOLOGY 421 N. Blount St.. Ralewh `C' tter, Raleigh NC 2 7699-46 1 0 [phone] - 715-2671
? , MW %TtlI? . ??.,.... .. o..i.....6 -r• :r.. - -.., r•._... a......? , r , ?..... - .. .., ?_ .. _ -r .on.
page 2
Please note that Clay Griffith's title is Preservation Specialist in, not Head of, the Western 0 ice as
indicated on page 5 of the report.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36
CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above comment,
please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
Sincerely,
David Brook
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
DB:scb
cc: W. Gilmore
B. Church
A-1 b
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
Federal.vd ? BRSTP- l 5 I( I) TIP # 13-3414 County: Buncombe
CONCURRENCE FORM FOR ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS
Project Description: Replace Bridge No. 181 on NC l5 1 over S. Hominv Creek
On May 4, 2000, representatives of the
® North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
® North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)
reviewed the subject project and agreed
there are no effects on the National Register-listed property/properties located within the
project's area of potential effect and listed on the reverse.
there are no effects on the National Register-eligible property/properties located. within
the project's area of potential effect and listed on the reverse.
F-I there is an effect on the National Register-listed property/properties located within the
project's area of potential effect. The property/properties and the effect(s) are listed on the
reverse.
A there is an effect on the National Register-eligible property/properties located within the
project's area of potential effect. The property/properties and effect(s) are listed on the reverse.
Signed:

Representatd, NCDOT
FHWA, for the Division Administrator, or other Federal Agencv
.y .()C
Date
If,
A-2a
Date
Date

1
Federal Aid 41 BRSTP- l 51(1) TIP # B-3414 Countv: Buncombe
5+one,.j 'Fcd- Schoo I
-Dam ? s S 3 j7e.e? m? 11 CD E?
Properties within the area of potential effect for which there is no effect. Indicate if property is
National Register-listed (NR) or determined eligible (DE).
??PIcL.c?z. o? d?u?5??, r eloca?iar? -- na e ??e c?-
Properties within the area of potential effect for which there is an effect. Indicate property status
(NR or DE) and describe the effect.
V-QPlaCe on e, iL ?tliC?nvn?r?,?
5?ane? Fad Schoo 1 CE) eeL?-
-Da? s 5 cre 3 Fe e Ct . Mi 1 CDE) - aclu Lxs e:
P??e on
Reason(s) why the effect is not adverse (if applicable).

1

t

r

77
I?
Initialed: NCDOT t--Ap?r FHWA SHPO . a4

A-2b I
- ? Z
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James B. Hunt Jr., Governor
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary
May 11, 1999
MEMORANDUM
TO: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Division of Highways,
Department of Transpo tion
FROM: David Brook 4 i?
Deputy State istoric Preservation Officer
SUBJECT: NC 151, replace Bridge 181 over South Hominy y
G DIVISION OF Qom'.
Creek, Buncombe County, State Project %A lF HIGHWAYS
8.18446012 B-34147 ER 99-8635 NTgL ANP55?
Thank you for your memorandum of March 18, 1999, concerning the above project.
We have checked our maps and files and determined that Bridge 59 is over fifty years old. We
recommend that an architectural historian with the North Carolina Department of Transportation
evaluate it and any properties in the area of potential effect
There are no known archaeological sites within the proposed project area. Based on our present
knowledge of the area, it is unlikely that any archaeological resources which may be eligible for
inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places will be affected by the project construction. We,
therefore, recommend that no archaeological investigation be conducted in connection with this
project.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and
the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106
codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-
4763.
DB:slw
' cc: Nicholas Graf
Barbara Church
Tom Padgett

Division of Archives and History
Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
EI Vk?
MAY 14 1999
I

A-3
CF
109 East Jones Street • Raleigh :arolina 27601-2807
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources •
Division of Water Quality
rw
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary NCDENR
Kerr T. Stevens, Director
March 29, 1999 '
MEMORANDUM
To: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager, NCDOT, Project Development & Environmental Analysis
From: John E. Hennessy, NC Division of Water Quality '
Subject: Water Quality Checklist for Bridge Replacement Projects
Reference your correspondence dated March 18, 1999, in which you requested scoping comments for ,
bridge replacement state project number 8.1844601 (TIP B-3414). Preliminary analysis of the project
reveals that the proposed bridge will span the South Hominy Creek in the French Broad River Basin. The
DWQ index number for the waterbody is 6-76-5 and the stream is classified as C Tr waters. The Division '
of Water Quality requests that NCDOT consider the following environmental issues for the proposed
project:
A. DWQ requests that DOT strictly adhere to North Carolina regulations entitled "Design Standards in '
Sensitive Watersheds" (15A NCAC 04B .0024) throughout design and construction of the project
for any area that drains to streams having WS (Water Supply), ORW (Outstanding Resource Water),
HQW (High Quality Water), B (Bodv Contact), SA (Shellfish Water) or Tr (Trout Water)
classifications.
B. DWQ requests that bridges be replaced on the existing location with road closure, when practical. If
an on-site detour proves necessary, remediation measures in accordance with the NCDWQ
requirements for General 401 Certification 2726/Nationwide Permit No. 33 (Temporary
Construction, Access and Dewatering) must be followed.
C. DWQ requests that hazardous spill catch basins be installed at any bridge crossing a stream classified
as HQW or WS (Water Supply). The number of catch basins installed should be determined by the
design of the bridge, so that runoff would enter said basin(s) rather than flowing directly into the

stream. ,
D. To the maximum extent practicable, DOT should not install the bridge bents in the creek.
E. Wetland impacts should be avoided (including sediment and erosion control structures/measures) to '
the maximum extent practical. If this is not possible, alternatives that minimize wetland impacts
should be chosen. Mitigation for unavoidable impacts will be required by DWQ if impacts exceed
one acre. Smaller impacts may require mitigation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
F. Borrow/waste areas should not be located in wetlands. It is likely that compensatory mitigation will
be required if wetlands are impacted by waste or borrow. '
G. DWQ prefers replacement of bridles with bridges. If the new structure is to be a culvert, it should be
countersunk to allow unimpeded fish passage through the crossing.
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-053 elephone 919-733-5083 FAX [phone] I
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employ A-4 0% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper

1

Mr. William D. Gilmore memo
03/29/99
Page 2
H. If foundation test borings are necessary; it should be noted in the document. Geotechnical work is
approved under General 401 Certification Number 3027/Nationwide Permit No. 6 for Survey
Activities. Written concurrence from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers is required in designated mountain trout counties.
I. If the project is processed as a Categorical Exclusion, mitigation will be required if wetland impacts
exceed one acre, in accordance with DWQ Wetland Rules 115A NCAC 211.0506 (h)(2) 1).
While the use of National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps is a useful office tool, their inherent inaccuracies
require that qualified personnel perform onsite wetland delineations.
Thank you for requesting our input at this time. The DOT is reminded that issuance of a 401 Water Quality
Certification requires appropriate measures be instituted to ensure that water quality standards are met and
designated uses are not degraded or lost. If you have any questions or require additional information,
please contact John Hennessy at [phone].
cc: Gloria Putnam, NCDWQ
Melba McGee, NCDENR
Nancy Campanella, NCDOT
CAncdodTlP B-3414\B-3414 scoping comments.doe
A-5
Federal Aid # $RS-TP- S I 1 County 12?'UY1C bP _
TIP I# a ' 3y 1 44
CONCURRENCE FORM
FOR
PROPERTIES NOT ELIGIBLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
On t0 ll7 1gC1? , representatives of the
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
Federal Highway Administration (FHwA)
North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)
Other
reviewed the subject project at
A scoping meeting
Historic architectural resources photograph review session/consultauoL
Other
All parties present agreec
there are no properties over fifty years old within the project's area of potential effect.
there are no properties less than fifty years old which are considered to meet Criterion
Consideration G within the project's area of potential effect.
tl?. there are properties over fifty years old (list attached) within the project's area of potential effect,
but based on the historical information available and the photographs of each property, properties
identified as i0 1- 3 15 3 i 181 are
considered not ligib a for the Nati nal Register and no further evaluation of them is necessary.
? there are no National Register-listed properties within the project's area of potential effect.
Signed: ,
ID/la
or other Federal Agency Date
i

C
A-6

If a survey report is prepared, a final copy of tt :- `'--n and the attached list will be included.
May 5, 1999
Page 1 of 3
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS. WILMINGTON DISTRICT. COMMENTS ON:
Bridge Replacements in Five Western North Carolina Counties
1. FLOOD PLAINS: POC - Bobby L. Willis. Planning Services Section at
[phone]
Macon and Henderson Counties do not participate in the National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP). However, we recommend that the proposed crossing improvements in
those counties be designed so as not to significantly increase upstream water surface
elevations. The remaining three counties are participants in the NFIP. Of these, the
I crossing in Transylvania County involves a detailed study stream with 100-year flood
elevations determined and a floodway defined. The crossings in Jackson and
Buncombe Counties are on approximately mapped streams, which do not have
i 100-year flood elevations shown. A summary of flood plain information pertaining to the
bridges in the NFIP participating counties is contained in the following table. This
information was taken from the pertinent Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM).
Bridge Route Study Date Of
No. No. C un Stream BFE* FIRM
39 NC 107 Jackson E. Fk. Tuskasegee Approx. 5/89
181 NC 151 Buncombe S. Hominy Ck. Approx. 5/96
37 SR 1546 Transylvania Tinsley Creek" 2108 3/98
* Base (100-year) Flood Elevation in feet N.G.V.D.
** Shown as Lambo Creek on FIRM
For the Transylvania County crossing, reference is made to the Federal
' Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) "Procedures for 'No Rise' Certification for
Proposed Developments in Regulatory Floodways°, copies of which have been
furnished previously to your office. Improvements to the bridges should be designed to
' meet the requirements of the NFIP, administered by the FEMA, and be in compliance
with all local ordinances. Specific questions pertaining to community flood plain
' regulations or developments should be referred to the local building official.
All of the affected counties are within the planning jurisdiction of the USACE;
' Nashville District. The Nashville District does not currently have projects that would be
affected by the proposed bridge projects. Mr. Harry Blazek may be contacted at
[phone] for further information and comments from the Nashville District.
A-7

May 5,1999
Page 2 of 3
2. WATERS AND WETLANDS: POC - Steve Lund Project Manager Asheville
Field Office. Regulatory Division. at [phone]
All work restricted to existing high ground will not require prior Federal permit
authorization. However, Department of the Army permit authorization pursuant to
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act of 1977, as amended, will be required for the
discharge of excavated or fill material in waters of the United States or any adjacent
and/or isolated wetlands in conjunction with your proposed bridge replacements,
including disposal of construction debris. Specific permit requirements will depend on
design of the projects, extent of fill work within waters of the United States, including
wetlands (dimensions, fill amounts, etc.), construction methods, and other factors. '
Although these projects may qualify as a Categorical Exclusion, in order for the '
proposal to be considered for authorization under Nationwide Permit #23, the project
planning report should contain sufficient information to document that the proposed
activity does not have more than a minimal individual or cumulative impact on the '
aquatic environment. Please be reminded that, prior to utilization of nationwide permits
within any of the 25 designated mountain trout counties, the NCDOT should provide a
letter of notification to the Asheville Regulatory Field Office and the appropriate
NC Wildlife Resources Commission office with reference to impacts to mountain trout
water habitat. The mountain trout designation carries discretionary authority for the
utilization of nationwide permits.
Our experience has shown that replacing bridges with culverts often results in
sufficient adverse impacts to consider the work as having more than minimal impacts on ,
the aquatic environment. Accordingly, the following items need to be addressed in the
project planning report:
a. The report should contain the amount of permanent and temporary impacts to
waters and wetlands as well as a description of the type of habitat that will be affected.
b. Off ,
site detours are always preferable to onsite (temporary) detours in wetlands.
If an onsite detour is the recommended action, justification should be provided.
c. Project commitments should include the removal of all temporary fills from
waters and wetlands and "time-of-the-year" restrictions on in-stream work if
recommended by the NC Wildlife Resources Commission. In addition, if undercutting is ,
necessary for temporary detours, the undercut material should be stockpiled to be used
to restore the site.

A"g 1
May 5, 1999
Page 3 of 3
2. WATERS AND WETLANDS: (Continued)
d. All restored areas should be planted with endemic vegetation, including trees, if
appropriate.
I e. The report should provide an estimate of the linear feet of new impacts to
streams resulting from construction of the project.
I f. If a bridge is proposed to be replaced with a culvert, NCDOT must demonstrate
that the work will not result in more than minimal impacts on the aquatic environment,
specifically addressing the passage of aquatic life, including anadromous fish. In
' addition, the report should address the impacts that the culvert would have on
recreational navigation.
' g. In addition, to be considered for authorization, discharge of demolition material
into waters and wetlands and associated impacts must be disclosed and discussed in
the project planning report.
At this point in time, construction plans are not available for review. When final
plans are complete, including the extent and location of any work within waters of the
' United States and wetlands, our Regulatory Division would appreciate the opportunity to
review those plans for a project-specific determination of DA permit requirements.
' If you have questions or need further information, please contact Mr. Lund.
A-9

Tennessee Valley Authority. 400 West Summit Hill Drive. Knoxville. Tennessee 37902-1499
March 30, 1999
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Attention: Ms. Nancy Campanella
D Cai 'Mir. viiriore:
BRIDGE REPLACEMENT PROJECTS B-3414, B-3474, B-3480. B-3485. AND B-3518, FRENCH
BROAD AND LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER WATERSHEDS, BUNCOMBE, HENDERSON.
JACKSON, TRANSYLVANIA AND MACON COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA
TVA has reviewed the March 18, 1999, letters requesting comments on bridge replacements in western
North Carolina. Project B-3474 for replacement of a bridge on US 74A over Hickory Nut Creek in
Henderson County is outside of the Tennessee River Watershed and does not require an approval from
TVA. TVA would have involvement with the following projects:
• B-3414. State Project No. 8.1844601, NC 151 over South Hominy Creek. Buncombe County
• B-3480, State Project No. 8.1960601, NC 107 over East Fork Ttickasegee River, Jackson County
• B-3485, State Project No. 8.2970601, SR 1309 over Cartoogechaye Creek, Macon County
• B-3518. State Project No. 8.2001 101, SR 1546 over Tinsley Creek. Transylvania County
The environmental document prepared for the above four projects should rote that approvals under
Section 26a of the TVA Act would be required for the bridge replacements. TVA may wish to use the
Federal Highway Administration Categorical Exclusion documents as support for its environmental
review of the same actions. Therefore, the inclusion of information related to wetlands and potential
mitigation, Floodplain Management Executive Order, National Historic Preservation Act compliance, and
Endangered Species Act compliance would greatly facilitate TVA's eventual approval of the projects.
Other issues to be discussed would vary according to project location and impacts but may include, as
appropriate, state-listed. species (biodiversity impacts) and visual impacts.
Please send a copy of the completed environmental documents to TVA. Should you have any questions.
please contact, Harold M. Draper at [phone] or [e-mail].
Jon M. 2yy, an r
Environmental Management
ED

A-10
pwrrs ?- sc wo w
Public Schools of North Carolina
State Board of Education Department of Public Instruction
I Phillip J. Kirk, Jr., Chairman Michael E. Ward, State Superintendent
l _ http://www.dpi.state.nc.us
I
April 6, 1999
MEMORANDUM
TO: William D. Gilmore. P.E., NC Department of Transportation
FROM: Gerald H. Knott, Section Chief, School Planning
SUBJECT: NC 151, Replacement of Bridge No. 181 over South Hominy Creek, Buncombe
County, North Carolina, State Project No. 8.1844601 (B-3414)
Enclosed is the response from Buncombe County Schools to our impact inquiry.
/ed
Enclosure
301 N. Wilmington Street, Ra A-11 th Carolina 27601-2825
An Equal opportunity/Affirmative Action Empiover
1
Buncombe County Public
Schools 1
Transportation Department
74 Washington Avenue '
Asheville, North Carolina 28804
Phone: [phone] - Fax: [phone] N ^~?---?
AIR - 6.-
;C
?a
April 2, 1999 ' - Jun
Mr. Gerald H. Knott, AIA
Section Chief: School Planning
North Carolina Department of Public Instruction '
301 North Wilmington Street
Raleigh, NC 27601
RE: Proposed Replacement of Bridge Number 181
on NC 151 over South Hominy Creek
Dear Mr. Knott:
I am writing in response to your letter to Bob Bowers, Ed.D., Superintendent of Buncombe
County Schools, regarding the proposed replacement of bridge number 181 on NC 151 over
South Hominy Creek. In your letter, you asked our school system to review the proposal, and to
indicate if the project will have any impact on an existing or proposed school site or school bus
routes.
I have reviewed the proposed bridge replacement with Mr. Marshall Roberts, Director of Facilin,
Services for Buncombe County Schools. Mr. Roberts and I do not foresee this project causing
any adverse impact to a proposed or existing school site. In reference to your question
concerning the impact on school bus routes, as long as an on-site detour is available and is
constructed to provide a safe route for school buses, there will not be an adverse impact on the
current school bus routes.
Thank you for your assistance in transferring this information to the North Carolina Department
of Transportation. If you need additional information, please contact. me at the address or
telephone number listed above.
Sincerely,
Harold F. Laflin
Director of Transportation
pc: Bob Bowers, Ed. D.
Mr. Marshall. Roberts
A-12
USDA
-r
United States
Department of
Agriculture
April 19, 1999
Natural
Resources
Conservation
' Service
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P. E., Manager
4405 Bland Rd. Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Suite 205 NCDOT
' Raleigh, NC 27609 p O. Box 2520
[phone] Raleigh, NC 27611
' Attention: Ms. Nancy Campanella
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
' Thank you for the opportunity to provide comments on NC 151, Replacement of Bridge No. 181
over South Hominy Creek, Buncombe County, North Carolina, State Project No. 8.1844601
' (B-3414).
The Natural Resources Conservation Service does not have any comments at this time.
' Sincerely,

Mary T. Kollstedt
'
1 State Conservationist
' The Natural Resources Conservation Service works hand4n4A-13
American people to conserve natural resources on private lar AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER

North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive. Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch, NCDOT
FROM: Mark S. Davis, Mountain Region Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program
DATE: March 29, 1999
SUBJECT: Comments on Proposed NCDOT Bridge Replacement Projects in Buncombe (B-3414),
Henderson (B-3474), Jackson (B-3480), Macon (B-3485), and Transylvania (B-3518)
Counties.
This memorandum responds to your request for our concerts regarding impacts on fish and
wildlife resources resulting from the subject projects. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
(NCWRC) has reviewed the proposed projects, and our comments are provided in accordance with
provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4332(2xc)) and the Fish and Wildlife
Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d).
The proposed work involves 5 bridge replacement projects in western North Carolina (listed
below). Construction impacts on wildlife and fisheries resources will depend on the extent of disturbance
in the L--:znbed a.^.d surrourAft-a-flood,;lrin a.--s. We prefer bridge designs that ac not alter the natural
stream morphology or impede fish passage. Spanning structures also allow wildlife passage along stream
corridors, reduces habitat fragmentation and vehicle related mortality at road crossings. Bridge-designs
should also include provisions for the deck drainage to flow through a vegetated upland buffer prior to
reaching the subject surface waters. Demolition plans for the existing bridge structures should be
addressed in the environmental documents prepared for these projects, as well as any proposed causeways,
temporary access roads or detours. We are also concerned about potential impacts to designated Public
Mountain Trout Waters (PMTW) and environmental documentation for these projects should include
description of any streams or wetlands on the project site and surveys for any threatened or endangered
species that may be affected by construction.
B-3414 - Buncombe County, Bridge No. 181 on NC 151 over South Hominy Creek
South Hominy Creek is not designated PMTW at the project site; however, the stream supports a
wild trout population in the project area. We would prefer that the existing bridge be replaced with
another spanning structure.
A-14
Bridge replacement memo Page 2 March 29, 1999
B-3474 - Henderson County, Bridge No. 59 on US 74A over Hickory Nut Creek
Hickory Nut Creek is a tributary to the Rocky Broad River, which is designated Hatchery
Supported PMTW. Hickory Nut Creek also supports a wild trout population in the project area.
We would prefer that the existing bridge be replaced with another spanning structure.
B-3480 - Jackson County, Bridge No. 39 on NC 107 over East Fork Tuckasegee River
The East Fork Tuckasegee River is designated Hatchery Supported PMTW at the project site and
may also support wild trout populations in the project area. The federally endangered Appalachian
elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) is known to occur downstream of the project site. The species
has been confirmed m the Tuckasegee River from Fontana Reservoir to the low-head dam in .
Cullowhee. We would prefer that the existing bridge be replaced with another spanning structure.
B-3485 - Macon County, Bridge No. 16 on SR 1309 over Cartoogechaye Creek
Cartoogechaye Creek is designated Hatchery Supported PMTW at the project site and also
supports wild trout populations in the project area. No endangered species are known from the
site, however, Cartoogechaye Creek is a tributary to the Little Tennessee River, which is
designated critical habitat for the threatened spotfin chub (Hybopsis monacha), and supports
populations of two federally endangered mussels, the Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta
ravenelimm) and the littlewing pearlymussel (Pegias fabula). We would prefer that the existing
bridge be replaced with another spanning structure.
B-3518 - Transylvania County, Bridge No. 37 on SR 1546 over Tinsley Creek
We have not identified any special concerns associated with this project.
Because all of the above counties are recognized as "trout water counties" by the Corps of
Engineers (COE), the NCWRC will review any nationwide or general 404 permits for the proposed
projects. The following conditions are likely to be placed on the subject 404 permits:
1. Adequate sedimentation and erosion control measures must be implemented and maintained on
the project site to avoid impacts to downstream aquatic resources. Structures should be
inspected and maintained regularly, especially following rainfall events. Temporary or
permanent herbaceous vegetation should be planted on all bare soil within 15 days of ground
disturbing activities to provide long tens erosion control
2. If possible, bridge supports (bents or piers) should not be placed in the stream channel. We
prefer that supports be placed above the bankfull width of the stream.
3. All work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area. Sandbags,
rock berms, cofferdams, or other diversion structures should be used where possible to prevent
excavation in flowing water.
4. If concrete is used during construction, a dry work area should be maintained to prevent direct
contact between curing concrete and stream water. Uncured concrete affects water quality and
is highly toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms.
A-15
Bridge replacement memo Page 3 March 29, 1999
5. Grading and backfilling should be minimized, and tree and shrub growth should be retained if
possible to ensure long term availability of shoreline cover for gamefish and wildlife.
6. In trout waters, construction is prohibited during the spawning period of November Ito April
15 to avoid impacts on trout reproduction.
7. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank rather than in stream channels in order to
minimize sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutants into streams.
8. Only clean, sediment free rock should be used as temporary fill (causeways), and should be
removed without excessive disturbance of the natural river bottom when construction is
completed.
9. During subsurface investigations, equipment should be inspected daily and maintained to
prevent contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or
other toxic materials. Streambank areas disturbed when accessing the streambed must be
stabilized immediately.
10. If temporary access roads or detours are required, wetland areas should be avoided. These
areas should be restored to preconstruction conditions upon project completion. Existing shrub
vegetation in the area of the temporary structures should not be grubbed. Root stock should be
left in place to stabilize soils and to possibly sprout following construction.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment during the early stages of these projects. If
you have any questions regarding these comments, please contact me at [phone].
cc: Mr. Steven Lund, NCDOT Coordinator, COE, Asheville
Ms. Nancy Campanella, Project Engineer, PD&EA Branch, NCDOT, Raleigh
Mr. David Cox, Highway Projects Coordinator, NCWRC, Falls Lake
A-16
OF NORTH Cq-.
Z
?o p
OF T
Replacement of Bridge No. 181
On NC 151 Over South Hominy Creek
Buncombe County, North Carolina
State Project No. 8.1844601 (B-3414)
Federal Aid Project No. BRSTP-151(1)
Citizens Informational Workshop 'Vovember 14, 2000
PROJECT
BACKGROUND
The North Carolina
Department of
Transportation (NCDOT)
has retained the firm of
Ralph Whitehead
Associates, Inc.
(Charlotte, North
Carolina) to conduct
planning, environmental
and engineering services
and to prepare a Planning
Report /Categorical
Exclusion (CE) for the
proposed replacement of
Bridge No. 181 on NC 151 over
South Hominy Creek. The
proposed project is included in
the Draft 2002-2008
Transportation Improvement
Program (TIP) as TIP No. 8-
3414.
Traffic is projected to increase
from 2700 vehicles per day
(vpd) currently to 6600 vpd in
the design year (2025).
Right-of-Way acquisition is
scheduled to begin in Fiscal
Year 2001 and construction in
Fiscal Year 2002.
The estimated cost included in
the 2002-2008 Draft TIP is
$1,574,000.
PURPOSE
OF MEETING
As an integral part of this study,
I we are soliciting input from local
citizens concerning the
potential impacts of the
proposed improvements. You
are invited to view the project
displays, ask questions, share
your concerns or opinions on
the studied alternates, or offer
information that may help us
assess any impacts this project
may have on the social,
economic, cultural, physical or
biological conditions in the
area. NCDOT and Ralph
Whitehead Associates
representatives are available to
discuss the project with you. A
comment form is attached for
your convenience.
PROJECT
ALTERNATIVES
Alternate 1 replaces Bridge
No. 181 in its present location
with a new bridge. During the
construction period, traffic will
be maintained by a temporary
on-site detour located
immediately downstream from
the existing structure. This
alternate would have an
adverse impact on the Stoney
A-17
Fork School and Davis
Store and Feed Mill. The
State Historic
Preservation Office
(SHPO) considers these
two properties to be
eligible for listing on the
National Register of
Historic Places.
Alternate 2 replaces
Bridge No. 181 with a
new bridge immediately
downstream from its
present location. During
the construction period,
traffic would be
maintained over the existing
bridge.
The "do-nothing" alternate is
not practical. The existing
bridge would continue
deteriorating until it was
unusable. This would require
closing the road, or continued
intensive maintenance.
Rehabilitation of the existing,
deteriorating bridge is neither
practical nor economical.
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
For additional information on
the project, please direct your
request to:
Ms. Missy Dickens, PE
NCDOT Project Development &
Environmental Analysis Branch
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
TEL: [phone]
E-MAIL: mdickens(a)dot.state.nc.us

r

BRIDGE- SURVEY & HYDRAULIC DESIGN REPORT
N. C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
HYDRAULICS UNIT
RALEIGH, N. C.
L D. N o . B-3414 Project No . 8.1844601 Prof. Station 21+86.5 -L-
------------------------
County _ Buncombe Bridge Over _ South Hominy Creek Bridge Inv. No. _ 181
a
_ Dunsmore and Asheville
On Highway _ _ _ _ _ _ N_.C_._151_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Between
----------------------- ----------------------------------------
v.
C4 Recommended Structure --- 85 Ft. Long, 40 Ft. Wide; RC Girder Bridge With SpilI Thru Abutments;
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
One (1) Span c 85 Ft., Girder is 54'
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recommended Width of Roadway --- 24 Ft. Skew - 85'
------------------------
0
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Recommended Location is (Down) Stream from Existing Crossing. ___ 87 Ft.
------------------------------------
a) m Candler, NC Norfolk Southern 4
o Nearest Shipping Point ______________________ On ---_-----_-_ R.R., ______ Miles From Bridge
1.
a Std. Bronze Disk Stamped ' F-141' Set In Top Of Southeast Wingwali Over Hominy Creek
. Bench Mark is -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------
At Intersec. Of NC 151 And SR 3452 (Upper Glody Fork Rd.) Elev. ?•302.33 Ft. Datum: NGVD 29
d -----------------
None Required
C Temporary Crossing _____________
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Designed by _____________KEN HERRING, P.E.
------------------------- -----------
Assisted by: -CHARLES HAAS / STEPHEN POLAKOWSKI
----------------------------------------
Project Engineer: BRIAN D. DEHL R, P.E.
Reviewed by:
F
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Date JULY 31, 2001

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