FINAL Cliffside Pilot Test Monitoring Plan_090420

DUKE
ENERGY®
September 4, 2020
Mr. Ted Campbell
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Regional Operations Section
Division of Water Resources
Asheville Regional Office
2090 U.S. Highway 70
Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778
526 South Church St
Mail Code: EC12J
Charlotte, NC 28202
Subject: Pilot Test Monitoring Plan — Groundwater Corrective Action Implementation
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
Cliffside Steam Station
Mooresboro, NC
Mr. Campbell:
On July 2, 2020, Duke Energy Carolinas LLC (Duke Energy) submitted a Pilot Test Work Plan
(Work Plan) that was prepared as an initial step towards implementing the groundwater
Corrective Action Plan at the Cliffside Steam Station (or Site) at the Unit 5 Ash Basin area. As
described in the Work Plan, Duke Energy committed to providing a monitoring plan prior to pilot
test implementation that describes details regarding sampling frequency, monitored parameters,
and well locations that will be used to determine the effectiveness of the pilot test program.
The attached Pilot Test Monitoring Plan presents a description of the data that will be collected
and analyzed during pilot test implementation activities. Data collected during this pilot test will
be used to evaluate the original design assumptions and effectiveness of the corrective action
approach. Together, this information will be used to refine the number, configuration, and
operational assumptions for the corrective action wells for the full-scale design for the Active
Ash Basin area.
We look forward to working with the NCDEQ as we proactively implement the groundwater
remediation strategy for this Site. Please contact me at 980.373.6563 with any questions you
may have.
Sincerely,
Scott E. Davies, P.G.
Project Director
cc:
BUILDING A SMARTER ENERGY FUTURE"

Pilot Test Monitoring Plan — Groundwater Corrective Action Implementation
Cliffside Steam Station
September 4, 2020
Steve Lanter, NCDEQ Division of Water Resources, Central Office
Eric Smith, NCDEQ Division of Water Resources, Central Office
Elizabeth Werner, NCDEQ Division of Waste Management
Ryan Czop, Duke Energy
Brian Wilson, ERM
Attachments
Pilot Test Monitoring Plan — Groundwater Corrective Action Implementation
K
BUILDING A SMARTER ENERGY FUTURE'

ERM 4140 Parklake Avenue relehone: [phone]
Suite 110
Raleigh, NC
27612 erm.com
Memo 0
To Scott E. Davies, P.G. ERM
From Brian P. Wilson, P.G. and Wes May, P.E.
Date 04 September 2020
Reference 0564815
Subject Cliffside Steam Station, Addendum to Corrective Action Plan (CAP) Pilot Test
Work Plan, Groundwater Remediation Pilot Test Monitoring Plan
1. INTRODUCTION
This memorandum has been prepared to present the Pilot Test Monitoring Plan (Monitoring Plan)
developed to support the Pilot Test Work Plan (Work Plan) prepared by ERM on behalf of Duke
Energy Carolinas, LLC (Duke Energy) for the Cliffside Steam Station located in Mooresboro, North
Carolina (the "site") and submitted to the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ) on July 2, 2020. The Work Plan provided the details of the proposed Unit 5 Ash Basin
(U5 AB) source area groundwater extraction pilot test for remediation of groundwater as described
in the Corrective Action Plan (CAP) Update prepared by SynTerra Corporation in December 2019
(SynTerra, 2019). This Monitoring Plan is being submitted as an addendum to the Work Plan to
provide additional details regarding data collection planned during pilot test implementation,
including sampling frequency, parameter list, and well locations that will be used to determine the
effectiveness of the pilot test system.
1.1 Regulatory Framework
Duke Energy has completed numerous environmental site assessments of site media associated
with coal combustion residuals (CCR), the detailed findings of which are presented in the CAP.
These prior site assessments, the CAP, and the Work Plan were prepared in accordance with the
requirements of Section 130A-309.21 1 (b) of the G.S., as amended by the 2014 North Carolina
Coal Ash Management Act, and consistent with the North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC),
Title 15A, Subchapter 02L .0106 corrective action requirements and with the written guidance
provided by the NCDEQ.
At the request of NCDEQ, Duke Energy developed a constituents of interest (COI) management
process to support the understanding of COI behavior and distribution in groundwater and to aid in
the selection of the remedial approach. This COI management process is supported by multiple
lines of technical evidence and provides the basis for the selected remedial approach. The data
and results of the process are documented in detail in the CAP. COI at the U5 AB, referred to as
Source Area 3 (SA3) in the CAP, include arsenic, boron, total chromium, hexavalent chromium,
cobalt, iron, manganese, pH, total uranium, total radium, strontium, sulfate, total dissolved solids
(TDS), thallium, and vanadium.
Page 1 of 6
© Copyright 2020 by ERM Worldwide Group Limited and/or its affiliates ('ERM'). All Rights Reserved. No part of this work may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of ERM.

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04 September 2020
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While no unacceptable environmental risk was identified, the focus of the CAP and the Work Plan
is conformance of groundwater with the requirements of G.S. Section 130A-309.211. The remedial
actions described in the Work Plan pertain to the applicable North Carolina groundwater standards
(NCAC, Title 15A, Subchapter 02L, Groundwater Classification and Standards 02L; Interim
Maximum Allowable Concentrations; or background values, whichever is greater) at or beyond the
Geographic Limitations defined in the CAP. The Geographic Limitation for the U5 AB and
additional Cliffside CCR impoundment areas are shown on Figure 1, the general site plan
The Cliffside CCR impoundments are classified as low -risk (pursuant to N.C. General Statue
Section 130A-309.213[d][1]) as documented by NCDEQ in a letter to Duke Energy dated
November 13, 2018.
1.2 Pilot Test
The selected full-scale site remedy consists of groundwater extraction and infiltration at the Active
Ash Basin (AAB), phytoremediation at the U1-4 AB, and groundwater extraction with source
control trench for the U5 AB. The proposed full-scale extraction and infiltration wells are shown on
Figure 2, whereas a subset of the overall proposed remediation scope has been selected for pilot
testing consisting of groundwater extraction for remediation of source area U5 AB. Figure 3 shows
both pilot test and source control area extraction wells in the U5 AB.
The pilot test extraction well network is positioned near the Geographic Limitation based on
groundwater flow model results, conducted as part of the CAP, which showed well placement and
predicted yield providing sufficient COI reductions via mass removal and migration control beyond
the Geographic Limitation.
The pilot test will consist of a network of 12 saprolite/transition zone extraction and 10 shallow
overburden source control area extraction wells (Figure 3). Also depicted in Figure 3 is buried
piping conveyance for extracted groundwater to a collection point or "node." The node building will
provide a location for power, controls, communication, and subsequent water transfer. Extracted
groundwater will discharge from the node building to the existing facility's wastewater
infrastructure for treatment and discharge in accordance with the facility's NPDES permit limits.
Overall, the optimized deeper extraction well spacing was found to be approximately 70 to 150
feet (ft) between wells, with total depths ranging from approximately 110 to 142 ft below ground
surface (bgs), based on the results of numerical modeling. The source control area is
approximately 380 ft long, proposed to have 10 shallow overburden wells (as previously
discussed), which will be installed to an approximate depth of 30 ft bgs.
Pilot test anticipated total groundwater flow is approximately 35 gallons per minute (gpm), with an
expected groundwater contribution from individual pilot test extraction wells ranging from 0.6 to 2.7
gpm for the 12 deeper extraction wells (EX-1-15-01 through -12) and combined 10 gpm for
shallower source control wells. Each extraction well will be equipped with flow metering
instrumentation. Pumps will be controlled individually based on water level instrumentation. As
part of the source control measures, the drainage ditch adjacent to the source control area
extraction wells will be lined with concrete to reduce water infiltration into the source control area,
and an approximate 150-foot-long French drain will be installed at the toe of the slope at the south
end of Cooling Tower B to capture low pH seep/groundwater (Figure 3).

ERM
1.3 Monitoring Plan
1.3.1 Objectives
04 September 2020
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This Monitoring Plan summarizes the data collection planned during pilot test implementation
activities for the purposes of evaluating pilot test system effectiveness. The information obtained
during the pilot test will be used to facilitate refinement of the full-scale groundwater remediation
system design at the AAB area to optimize system effectiveness in ultimately achieving the
remediation of COI -affected groundwater at the site. The specific objectives of the Monitoring Plan
are to:
1) Describe, in detail, the data collection planned during pilot test implementation, including
sampling frequency, parameter list, and well locations necessary to evaluate pilot system
effectiveness in establishing hydraulic control and reducing groundwater COI
concentrations; and
2) Describe the planned approach for summarizing and reporting pilot test data and findings
to the NCDEQ.
1.3.2 Monitoring Plan Scope
The Monitoring Plan summarized herein focuses on data collection necessary to determine the
effectiveness of the pilot test system. The pilot test data collected will be used to evaluate
hydraulic influence, sustainable groundwater extraction rates, and effectiveness of reducing
groundwater COI concentrations. The Monitoring Plan is summarized in the attached Table 1 and
includes the following:
• Field testing of boron concentrations and pH field readings during development
• Specific capacity testing
• Step-drawdown testing
• COI concentration monitoring
• Water level measurements
• Water quality measurements
Data collection activities will be initiated during extraction well installation and will continue through
the entire duration of the pilot test. Additional details regarding data collection activities, including
those planned during well installation and during subsequent pilot test system operation, are
provided in the following sections.
2. WELL INSTALLATION AND HYDRAULIC TESTING
A summary of the construction details for extraction and monitoring wells planned for installation
as part of the pilot test is provided in Table 2. Hydraulic testing data collection activities planned
during pilot test extraction well installation will supplement existing site data, facilitate comparison
of modeled groundwater extraction rates to actual site conditions, and allow refinement of full-
scale system design.

ERM
2.1 Borehole Logging
04 September 2020
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Subsurface lithologic data will be collected during pilot test extraction well installation via visual
observation and classification of recovered soils and drill cuttings. Soil borings will initially be
drilled via rotary methods during boring advancement through the shallow unconsolidated saprolite
and transition zones to the target depth specified in Table 2. If shallow bedrock is encountered
prior to reaching the targeted depth, air rotary drilling methods may be required to the targeted
depth to facilitate extraction well pump placement necessary to achieve drawdown of the
groundwater table to the targeted elevation determined by groundwater modeling efforts described
in the CAP (SynTerra, 2019) and Work Plan (ERM, 2020). It should be noted that the target
depths identified in Table 2 are estimates based on available Iithologic characteristics and data
density at the site. Actual total well depths and construction details may be adjusted during well
installation based on actual field conditions encountered, including observation of subsurface
lithology, drilling water volume, etc.
2.2 Specific Capacity Testing
Newly installed pilot test extraction and monitoring wells will be developed a minimum of 48 hours
following well completion. Development will be performed using surging, jetting, and/or pumping
techniques. Wells will first be surged and pumped for approximately two hours to remove sediment
and other material from the well. Field parameters including pH, specific conductivity, oxidation-
reduction potential (ORP), temperature, and turbidity will then be monitored following the initial two
hour development period to determine whether development has been completed. Development of
each well will be deemed complete once the purged water appears clear and turbidity readings of
10 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) or less are observed in the field. If turbidity readings of 10
NTU or less are not able to be achieved, well development will be deemed complete once turbidity
and field pH readings have stabilized. Additional well development may be performed at a later
date, as warranted, prior to scheduled monitoring events.
Specific capacity testing will also be performed concurrently with well development activities by
determining approximate groundwater pumping rate while measuring drawdown in the groundwater
level in each well. The resultant specific capacity data will be reviewed to select a subset of pilot
test extraction wells, based on a range of specific capacities (low, moderate, and high well
capacities) and extraction well locations for additional hydraulic testing activities. Extraction well
step-drawdown testing will be performed at this subset of select wells to more accurately evaluate
sustained well capacity for comparison against the modeled flow rates included in the CAP
(SynTerra 2019) as further discussed below.
2.3 Extraction Step-Drawdown Testing
A series of short-term extraction step tests, each step typically 30 minutes in duration, will be
performed, followed by a longer constant rate test on selected extraction wells to evaluate well
capacity and sustainable yield will be conducted under variable flow rates to establish baseline
performance criteria. Wells will be selected, as previously discussed, based on specific capacity
testing results during well development.
Initial testing extraction rates will start with lower flow rates observed during specific capacity
testing. Subsequent rates will be increased to estimate the optimum sustainable extraction rate at

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04 September 2020
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each well, which will be determined based on field observations. Flow rates will be recorded using a
totalizer and instantaneous flowmeter, while groundwater level responses will be monitored and
recorded during testing using a pressure transducer within the test well. Two additional nearby
wells will also be instrumented with pressure transducers to understand extraction well influence.
The step testing process will include use of up to three to four different flow rates. Following
completion the final step of groundwater extraction, water level recovery will continue to be
monitored until they stabilize and reach static levels. Refer to Attachment 1 for the Standard
Operating Procedure (SOP) for Hydraulic Testing.
A select number of extraction wells will be sampled for groundwater quality parameters during step-
drawdown testing, including total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, alkalinity, calcium, and total hardness.
These groundwater sample data will provide insight into the potential for extraction well scaling and
fouling, which may facilitate refinement of the full-scale system design. A summary of the currently
proposed extraction wells for step-drawdown testing is provided in Table 1. As previously noted,
the exact wells selected for this testing may vary based on field observations.
3. PILOT TEST OPERATION DATA COLLECTION
The monitoring program associated with the Pilot Test System operation will include COI
monitoring at designated wells, monitoring for major ions and stable isotopes at select wells, and
the measurement of water levels and water quality parameters in the vicinity of Pilot Testing
activities. These data will be evaluated to identify changing conditions from pre -operational periods
to support evaluation of hydraulic influence and connection.
3.1 COI Monitoring
Groundwater samples will be collected from select monitoring wells as designated on Table 3. The
monitoring wells selected for inclusion in this Pilot Test Monitoring Plan (Figure 3) were chosen
based on well -established groundwater flow patterns and/or simulated flow patterns from capture
zone modeling evaluations described in detail in the CAP and Pilot Test Work Plan. The frequency
of sampling for each well will vary over pilot test implementation, including one baseline sampling
event conducted prior to pilot test system start-up, as well as periodic sampling events to be
conducted at the 3- and 6-month intervals following pilot test start-up. Water quality parameters
will be measured during groundwater sampling events, as well as analyzed for U5 AB COI
including arsenic, boron, total chromium, hexavalent chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, pH, total
uranium, total radium, strontium, sulfate, TDS, thallium, and vanadium. Historical and current COI
concentration data will be used as a baseline for comparison to data collected during pilot test
implementation as one of the multiple lines of evidence planned to determine effectiveness of the
pilot test system design.
3.2 Water Level Collection
Water levels measurements will be collected during the pilot test to evaluate the effectiveness of
the hydraulic capture zone created by the pilot test extraction well system as summarized in Table
3. Specifically, water levels will be continuously monitored using data -logging pressure
transducers placed in select wells to provide high -resolution time -series data used to evaluate
hydraulic influence by the extraction well system. Additionally, manual water level measurements
will be collected from nearby monitoring wells (Table 3) periodically to facilitate calibration of

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04 September 2020
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pressure transducer data and help establish the relationship between groundwater elevation and
flow path changes relative to extraction well operation.
3.3 Water Quality Monitoring
Water quality measurements including temperature, pH, specific conductance, oxidation-reduction
potential (ORP), turbidity, and dissolved oxygen will be collected and recorded during groundwater
sampling events at both pilot test extraction and select groundwater monitoring wells. This data
will be used to evaluate hydraulic influence and comparison between baseline/static conditions
and during pilot test system operation. These data may be collected by data -logging multi -
parameter sondes that include a pressure transducer.
4. REPORTING
Data collected as part of the Monitoring Plan will be documented on field forms or via electronic
data collection methods for each of the testing activities described above. These data will be
evaluated and summarized in a Pilot Test Data Collection Evaluation Report that will be included as
an appendix to the full-scale system design Work Plan, which will be submitted to NCDEQ following
completion of the Pilot Test.
Attachments:
Table 1 — Pilot Test Monitoring Plan Summary
Table 2 — Proposed Well Construction Details
Table 3 — Detailed Pilot Test Monitoring Plan
Figure 1 — Ash Basin Layout Map
Figure 2 — Full -Scale System Design Well Network
Figure 3 — Pilot Test Remedy and Monitoring Layout
Attachment 1 — CSM SOP Hydraulic Testing (ERM, 2020)

TABLES
www.erm.com Client: Duke Energy 4 September 2020
Pilot Test Monitoring Plan — Cliffside Steam Station

Table 1 - Pilot Test Monitoring Plan Summary
Pilot Test Monitoring Plan
Duke Energy - Cliffside Steam Station
Mooresboro, North Carolina
Well Identification
Well Testing
Groundwater Monitoring
Well
Development
Aquifer Testing
Boron and pH
Field Testing
Specific
Capacity
Step-
drawdown*
Baseline
(COIs)
I Month 1
Month 2
Month 3
(COIs)
Month 4
Month 5
Month 6
(COIs)
Groundwater Monitoring Wells
CCR-U5-6S
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
CCR-U5-6DA
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
GWA-4S
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
GWA-41)
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
GWA-4BR
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
GWA-36S
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
GWA-36D
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
GWA-36BR
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
GWA-37S
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
GWA-37D
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
GWA-37BR
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
MW-38S
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
MW-38D
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
MW-38BR
X
wl
wl
X
wl
wl
X
Pilot
Test Extraction
Wells
EX-U5-1
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-2
X
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-3
X
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-4
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-5
X
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-6
X
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-7
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-8
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-9
X
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-10
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-11
X
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-12
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-13
X
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-14
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-15
X
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-16
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-17
X
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-18
X
X
X
X
X
EX-1_15-19
X
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-20
X
X
X
X
X
EX-1_15-21
X
X
X
X
X
EX-U5-22
X
X
X
X
X
X
Notes:
*ERM will select up to 11 wells for step-drawdown testing following analysis of results from specific capacity testing. Exact
extraction wells selected for step-drawdown testing may change based on field observation.
wl = water level measurements to be collected from designated wells
COI = constituents of interest
CCR = coal combustion residual
U5 = Unit 5 Area
MW = monitoring well
GWA = groundwater monitoring well
EX = extraction well
1. CO1 monitoring will include collection of water level, field parameters, as well as groundwater sample collection for
laboratory analysis of site -specific COI. Field parameters and COI are listed on Table 3.
Page 1 of 1

Table 2 - Proposed Well Construction Details
Pilot Test Monitoring Plan
Duke Energy - Cliffside Steam Station
Mooresboro, North Carolina
Well I.D.
Well Purpose
Type of Well
Location
Fasting
(NAD 83)
Northing
(NAD 83)
Screen Material
Riser
Material
Borehole
Diameter
(inches)
Well Screen
and Riser
Diameter
(inches)
Well Screen
Interval
(ft bgs)
Sand Pack
Interval
(ft bgs)
Bentonite
Seal
(ft bgs)
Grout
Slurry
Interval
(ft bgs)
Cement and
Flushmount
(ft bgs)
Total
Depth
(ft bgs)
Additional
Notes
EX-1-15-1
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
North of Cooling Tower A
1174126.90
545805.10
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 118
22 - 118
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
118
Unit 5 Area
EX-U5-2
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
North of Cooling Tower A
1174180.80
545752.90
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 118
22 - 118
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
118
Unit 5 Area
EX-U5-3
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
North of Cooling Tower A
1174241.40
545707.50
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 126
22 - 126
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
126
Unit 5 Area
EX-1-15-4
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
North of Cooling Tower A
1174000.70
545764.70
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 118
22 - 118
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
118
Unit 5 Area
EX-U5-5
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
North of Cooling Tower A
1173854.20
545720.90
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 126
22 - 126
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
126
Unit 5 Area
EX-U5-6
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
South of Cooling Tower A
1173945.10
545512.20
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 110
22 - 110
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
110
Unit 5 Area
EX-U5-7
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
South of Cooling Tower A
1174014.10
545517.20
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 118
22 - 118
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
118
Unit 5 Area
EX-U5-8
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
South of Cooling Tower A
1174093.30
545524.00
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 134
22 - 134
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
134
Unit 5 Area
EX-U5-9
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
South of Cooling Tower A
1174201.00
545547.50
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 134
22 - 134
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
134
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-10
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
South of Cooling Tower A
1174148.80
545466.70
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 142
22 - 142
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
142
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-11
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
South of Cooling Tower A
1174249.80
545401.00
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 142
22 - 142
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
142
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-12
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
South of Cooling Tower A
1174259.90
545337.10
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10 - 12
6
25 - 142
22 - 142
19 - 22
2 - 19
0-2
142
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-13
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
West of Cooling Tower B
1174353.06
544907.98
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10
6
20 - 35
17 - 35
14 - 17
2 - 17
0-2
35
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-14
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
West of Cooling Tower B
1174319.49
544919.74
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10
6
20 - 35
17 - 35
14 - 17
2 - 17
0-2
35
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-15
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
West of Cooling Tower B
1174297.95
544947.48
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10
6
20 - 35
17 - 35
14 - 17
2 - 17
0-2
35
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-16
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
West of Cooling Tower B
1174289.43
544982.27
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10
6
20 - 35
17 - 35
14 - 17
2 - 17
0-2
35
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-17
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
West of Cooling Tower B
1174285.46
545018.05
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10
6
20 - 35
17 - 35
14 - 17
2 - 17
0-2
35
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-18
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
West of Cooling Tower B
1174281.48
545053.83
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10
6
20 - 35
17 - 35
14 - 17
2 - 17
0-2
35
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-19
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
West of Cooling Tower B
1174277.50
545089.61
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10
6
20 - 35
17 - 35
14 - 17
2 - 17
0-2
35
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-20
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
West of Cooling Tower B
1174273.53
545125.39
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10
6
20 - 35
17 - 35
14 - 17
2 - 17
0-2
35
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-21
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
West of Cooling Tower B
1174269.36
545161.15
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10
6
20 - 35
17 - 35
14 - 17
2 - 17
0-2
35
Unit 5 Area
EX-1.15-22
Vertical Extraction
Saprolite/Transition Zone
West of Cooling Tower B
1174264.97
545196.88
Wire Wrapped 304L SS
Sch 80 PVC
10
6
20 - 35
17 - 35
14 - 17
2 - 17
0-2
35
Unit 5 Area
GWA-4BR
Monitoring
Bedrock
West of Cooling Tower B
1174247.23
545093.95
PVC Slotted Screen
Sch 40 PVC
6
2
112 - 122
109 - 122
106 - 109
2 - 109
0-2
122
Unit 5 Area
GWA-36BR
Monitoring
Bedrock
South of Cooling Tower A
1174219.86
545364.74
PVC Slotted Screen
Sch 40 PVC
6
2
112 - 122
109 - 122
106 - 109
2 - 109
0-2
122
Unit 5 Area
GWA-37BR
Monitoring
Bedrock
North of Cooling Tower A
1174067.95
545729.32
PVC Slotted Screen
Sch 40 PVC
6
2
88 - 98
85 - 98
82 - 85
2 - 82
0-2
98
Unit 5 Area
Notes:
BR = bedrock
EX = extraction well
ft bgs = feet below ground surface
GWA = groundwater monitoring well
NAD = North American Datum
PVC = Polyvinyl chloride
Sch = schedule
SS = stainless steel
US = Unit 5 Area
Page 1 of 1

Table 3 - Detailed Pilot Test Monitoring Plan
Pilot Test Monitoring Plan
Duke Energy - Cliffside Steam Station
Mooresboro, North Carolina
Well ID
COI Sampling Frequency
Well Type
In -well Instrumentation*
Water
Level
Field
1
Parameters
Other
Groundwater
Conditionse
Constituents of Interest2
Arsenic
Boron
Chromium
(Total)
Chromium
(VI)
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Total
Radium
Strontium
Sulfate
Total Dissolved
Solids
Thallium
Total
Uranium
Vanadium
Groundwater Monitoring Wells
CCR-U5-6S
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
CCR-U5-6DA
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
GWA-4S
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
GWA-4D
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
GWA-4BR
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Bedrock
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
GWA-36S
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
GWA-36D
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
GWA-36BR
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Bedrock
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
GWA-37S
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
GWA-37D
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
GWA-37BR
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Bedrock
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MW-38S
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MW-38D
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MW-38BR
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Bedrock
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Pilot Test Extraction Wells
EX-U5-1
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-2
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-3
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-4
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-5
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-6
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-7
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-8
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-9
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-10
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-11
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-12
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-13
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-14
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-15
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-16
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-17
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-18
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-19
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-20
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-21
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
EX-U5-22
Baseline, month 3, month 6
Saprolite/Transition Zone
pressure transducer
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
I x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Notes:
*Pressure transducers will be installed in all pilot test extraction wells by design to facilitate extraction pump operation/cycling. Additional transducers may be temporarily deployed in select nearby monitoring wells to evaluate hydraulic capture by the pilot test extraction well system
1. Field parameters include pH, specific conductivity, oxidation reduction potential, temperature and dissolved oxygen.
2. Corrective action COIs to monitor plume stability and physical attenuation either from active remedy or natural dilution/dispersion
3. The number of monitoring wells and parameters may be adjusted based on additional data and the effects of corrective action.
4. Groundwater standards may be modified over time in accordance with 02L .0106(k)
5. ERM will select up to 9 wells for pressure transducer monitoring. The exact number of selected wells may change based on field observation
6. Other Groundwater Conditions are non-COls to be monitored as part of pilot test system performance, including alkalinity, aluminum, bicarbonate alkalinity, calcium, ferrous iron, magnesium, nitrate/nitrite, potassium, sodium, and total organic carbon.
COI = constituents of interest EX = extraction well U5 = Unit 5 Area
CCR = coal combustion residual
MW = monitoring well
GWA = groundwater monitoring well
Page 1 of 1

FIGURES
www.erm.com Client: Duke Energy 4 September 2020
Pilot Test Monitoring Plan — Cliffside Steam Station

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x *>
UNIT 5 ASH BASINwr`
SOURCE AREA
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m Cliffside Steam Station Property Source Area
Line DUKE
Source Area
Approximate Ash Basin Waste Source Area ENERGY,
a Boundary
iI ---- Geographic Limitation
1
1
ACTIVE ASH BASIN
(AAB)
SOURCE AREA
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TITLE Ash Basin Layout Map
FIGURE�o.
BW
9/1/2020
Pilot Test Monitoring Plan
Duke Energy
Cliffside Steam Station
,ao,ECTMANAGER
o
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, INC.
ERM
JR/gW
9/1/2020
MOoresboro, North Carolina
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9/1 /2020
cAENeV S.Vickery
9/1/2020
s 1 1'= 600 '
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I
E, 5-4 EX-U5-
MW-36S EX-U-' `
EX-U5-5
MW-36BRU MW`38S
GWA-35S GWA-2S MW-38D r '
GWA-35D Eh
GWA-2BRA MW-38BR . �� �� •
EX-U5-6
GWA-2BRU GWA-3 . EX -US
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GWA-67BR GWA-68BRL EX-U5-12
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CCR=U5-3S CCR-U5-51) GWA-36BR
CCR-U5-3D EX-US-13 - EX-US-22 J
GWA-62BR
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CCR=US-4D
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EX-U5-8
� _ r ► `'� GWA-33D GW,
fa; S 't GWA-33BR
GWA-4RR -
� GWA-4
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MW-23S
h r` MW-23D
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t MW-32S
MW-32D GWA-30S_�
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t
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, 0 300 600 1,200 J ' ' ` . • .
.�
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I Pnpnd
Proposed Monitoring Well Proposed Source Control Area Extraction
Well
Existing Monitoring Well —Approximate Ash Basin Waste Boundary
•- Geographic Limitation
Proposed Full Scale Extraction Well - - Cliffside Steam Station Property Line
Proposed Pilot Test Extraction Well
Proposed Clean Water Infiltration Well
P
DUKE
ENERGY
r..
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14
4
i
i
� •t
r
14,s;t"
Ii
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t GWA-24D
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r
Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar
Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and
the GIS User Community
Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap:contributors, and the GIS
t r community
CHECKED
DATE
TITLE
Full -Scale System Design Well Network
FIGURE NO.
BW
8/13/2020
Pilot Test Monitoring Plan
Duke Energy
Cliffside Steam Station
2
PROJECTMANAGER
DATE
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, INC.
ERMAPPROVED
JR/BW
8/13/2020
MOOresboro, North Carolina
WM
DA8/13/2020 TE
D-NB1.CAUE S. Vickery
r�
8/13/2020
1 " = 600 '
ERM PROJECT NO
0550577
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Feet
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GWA-37S ��N -�
A.
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Proposed Node
�1A Bulldtng��
Legend
Proposed Source Control Area
Extraction Well
Existing Monitoring Well
OProposed Node Building Source Control Area
' �DUKE
Proposed Monitorin Well
Proposed Pilot Test Extraction Well
Proposed French Drain Proposed Node Building Disturbance
Area
ENERGY
g
� Geographic Limitation
•Existing 18" Discharge Line
erformance Monitoring
network
— Extraction Well Conveyance Path
— Source Control Conveyance Path
1
r r. ra �
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i 1 �
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USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIs User Community
t, HERE, Garmi . )armi Operontributors, and the G&ser community
CHECKED
DATE
-LE
Pilot Test Remedy and Monitoring Layout
FIGURE NO.
BW
8/13/2020
Pilot Test Monitoring Plan
Duke Energy
Cliffside Steam Station
3
PROJECTMANAGER
DATE
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, INC.
ERM
JR/BW
8/13/2020
MOoresboro, North Carolina
APPROVED WM
TE
DAB/13/2020
S.Vickery
r�
8/13/2OZO
SCAENBY
1 " = 110 '
ERM PROJECT NO.
0550577
E° 1

ATTACHMENT 1
HYDRAULIC TESTING STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)
www.erm.com Client: Duke Energy 4 September 2020
Pilot Test Monitoring Plan — Cliffside Steam Station

rJi
qz"
.4
7i7-
wo.,
A pp_ t m

Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES
1.2 HEALTH AND SAFETY
1.3 ABBREVIATIONS
2 MATERIALS
3 CAUTIONS
4 METHODOLOGY
3.2 PREPARATION
3.3 FIELD PROCEDURE
4 REFERENCES
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A PRESSURE TRANSDUCER LOG
APPENDIX B MANUAL DEPTH -TO -WATER LOG
APPENDIX C EXTRACTION TEST LOG
1
1
2
2
3
5
8
8
8
14
ERM i CSM SOP Hydraulic Testing
Version 1.0
27 April 2020

1 Introduction
1.1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES
ERM
This document describes general and/or specific procedures, methods, actions, steps,
and considerations to be used and observed by ERM staff when performing work, tasks,
or actions under the scope and relevancy of this document. This document may describe
expectations, requirements, guidance, recommendations, and/or instructions pertinent
to the service, work task, or activity it covers.
The objective of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to establish a consistent
methodology for performing a hydraulic test which includes both a step-drawdown and
constant -rate pumping test for extraction well testing. As part of hydraulic testing, data
collection is essential in assessing pumping rates and sustainability over time.
A short-term step-drawdown test will initially be performed to determine an optimum
pumping rate for a subsequent long-term constant -rate pumping test. Data collected
during the step-drawdown test will also be used to determine baseline performance
parameters (specific capacity, well loss coefficients, and well efficiency). The step-
drawdown test entails pumping a well at successively higher flow rates, while
continuously monitoring drawdown inside and surrounding the well being tested. Each
step is defined as a level of stabilized drawdown associated with a specific pumping
rate. The goal of the step-drawdown test is to assess the sustainable pumping rate and
specific capacity of the well.
The constant -rate test entails pumping a well at a continuous flow rate for an extended
period of time while continuously monitoring drawdown inside and surrounding the
well being tested. The goal of the constant -rate test is to confirm a sustainable flow rate
established during the step-drawdown test, and monitor surrounding aquifer
conditions.
Standard techniques are outlined within this SOP that ensure data quality when
conducting the tests. This SOP details methods for completing the pumping test
activities while recording groundwater levels in response to pumping in the testing well
and at nearby observation (extraction and/or monitoring) wells.
This SOP was developed by senior CSM practitioners across ERM to provide our staff
with a means of applying "best practice' to completion of tasks commonly performed
1 CSM SOP Hydraulic Testing
Version 1.0
27 April 2020

during site investigation and other site management activities. Although referred to as
"operating procedures," the procedures may not be implementable in their entirety on
every project or every location.
1.2 HEALTH AND SAFETY
SOPs are designed to provide technical guidance for conducting work associated with
Contaminated Site Management (CSM) and do not provide detailed or comprehensive
guidance related to health and safety nor do they represent guidance on safe work
procedures for the tasks described. Where considered, appropriate tips related to health
and safety issues associated with specific tasks may be included within technical
descriptions for informations sake only.
Health and safety aspects of all projects and project tasks should be assessed and
planned using ERM's established Health and Safety planning procedures, including the
WARN system.
1.3 ABBREVIATIONS
ERM
ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials
CSM Contaminated Site Management
HASP Health and Safety Plan
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
WARN Work Activity Risk Assessment
2 CSM SOP Hydraulic Testing
Version 1.0
27 April 2020

2 Materials
The following supplies and equipment are typically required for hydraulic testing of
wells:
• WARN Form/Project Specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP).
• Test and observation well construction details.
• Well development and/or other testing information.
• Pumping test work plan (field implementation plan).
• Electronic water -level meter(s) - calibrated individual and to each other if multiple
used.
• Appropriate data -logging pressure transducers - suitable for expected water
column range and data logging capabilities (e.g. Solinst AquaVent [vented], Solinst
Level Logger Edge [non -vented], In -Situ brand transducers).
• Barometric pressure logger (e.g. Solinst barologger), if using non -vented pressure
transducers.
• Direct communication capabilities (where applicable) for transducers to control
testing and data quality.
• Transducer suspension line and method of securing line to top of well casing (e.g.,
tape or wellhead ring).
• Pressure transducer communication equipment, manuals, and calibration
certificates.
• Laptop computer or other interface (tablet) with appropriate software installed for
communication with pressure transducers.
• Field forms/ field book.
• Pens/pencils.
ERM 3 CSM SOP Hydraulic Testing
Version 1.0
27 April 2020

• Stopwatch.
• Submersible pump with flow rate control, e.g., Grundos Redi-Flow 2 submersible
pump, or equivalent and/or applicable to site specific needs.
• Power source (generator or extension cord).
• Appropriate valves for discharge/effluent piping run.
• Appropriate check -valve (i.e., back -flow preventer) for submersible pump.
• Appropriate in -line flow meter(s) - totalizing meter or combination totalizing and
instantaneous flow meter, suitable for anticipated flow rates and discharge
tubing/ piping.
• Discharge tubing.
• Flowmeter and/or buckets with calibrated volumes for flow rate measurements.
• Water storage (e.g., intermediary bulk container) if contaminated groundwater will
be removed from the well as part of the test.
• Tripod, winch, and suspension cable, if required for weight of pump and tubing.
• Miscellaneous tools (Teflon tape, electrical tape, duct tape, ratchet set, hose clamps,
5-gallon buckets, Decon materials, and calculator.
• Personal Protective Equipment.
• Approved decon detergent.
• Potable water for decon.
• Appropriate field forms/logs.
• Waterproof marker.
• Digital camera or smart phone.
• Shelter, table, and chairs, if needed.
Note that a pumping test typically requires two personnel to complete the effort,
although one person can complete testing with some difficulty and higher potential to
compromise some collected data.
ERM 4 CSM SOP Hydraulic Testing
Version 1.0
27 April 2020

• Pressure Transducers/Data Loggers
o Verify and document that all rental instruments and water -level meters are in good
working order (and calibrated with relevant documentation) prior to mobilization to the
field.
o Small -diameter pressure transducers (typically 0.5 to 0.75 in) are available that can cover
a range of pressures.
o Deploy the pressure transducer in the test well at a reasonable distance above the pump
intake to prevent noise (over 1 foot, if available water column allows).
o To prevent pressure transducer malfunction or damage, do not submerge pressure
transducers in excess of the operating range and do not insert objects in the sensor
opening (refer to manufacturer manuals).
o For vented pressure transducers/data loggers, prior to field mobilization test
functionality using a bucket or barrel filled with water. Submerge pressure transducer,
accurately measure the water head above the pressure transducer, and compare the
measurement to the reading. Document functionality testing results and resolve any
non -conformances.
o For non -vented transducers, which record a combined pressure of barometric and the
water column above the pressure transducer, can be tested in the same fashion as the
vented pressure transducer (outlined above). The water column above the pressure
transducer can be checked by subtracting out current atmospheric pressure.
o Ensure that all pressure transducers (including barometric transducer) are time -synched
and set to start recording at the top of the minute and at 00 seconds. Barometric pressure
loggers can be set at a larger interval than the pressure transducers (e.g., every 10
minutes).
o Telemetry may be used to monitor all pressure transducers in real time but will require
additional planning and understanding of manufacturer guidelines.
o Field testing the pressure transducers can be performed by observing/recording the
pressure transducer response to changing heads by raising the pressure transducer a
ERM
5 CSM SOP Hydraulic Testing
Version 1.0
27 April 2020

certain distance, observing the change in head, and then measuring the distance
manually. This will provide a general understanding of functionality as manual
measurements will not be able to match the accuracy of the pressure transducer.
Document such verification results and resolve any non -conformities.
o All electronic water -level meters will be calibrated at one monitoring well to a selected
primary water -level meter that has been checked with a measuring tape and offsets
recorded for later processing. If an offset for a single meter exceeds 0.03 feet, alternate
equipment will be used. Always use the same equipment for the entire testing period to
ensure consistency in measurements. Document calibration results and resolve any non -
conformities.
o Pressure transducers will be set in the well at least 20 minutes prior to recording start to
allow the instrument to thermally equilibrate with groundwater and allow for any cable
stretching. This initial period applies for instrument equilibration only and does not include
background monitoring (see below).
o Sufficient background water levels will be collected from the test well and observation
wells and include monitoring a background well(s) outside of testing influence. At a
minimum, background monitoring is recommended be performed prior to testing for a
period equal to the testing period (e.g., a 72-hour test requires have at least 72 hours of
background monitoring). If multiple aquifer systems are being evaluated, additional
background well monitoring may be required.
o Only linear logging will be used to record data: do not use logarithmic or head -change
logging settings to record data. These other measurement settings have caused issues in
the past and, therefore, will not to be used since most current data loggers have
sufficient data memory to handle linear.
o When deployed, the pressure transducer cables will be secured at the wellhead to
prevent movement that would affect measurements. Mark a reference point on the
down -hole transducer cable or securing line and check regularly to detect slippage. Use
manufacturer supplied well head caps if available. For larger diameter wells, loop the
cable and use tape to secure cable to well outer casing.
• Data Recording and Management
o All data management and recording devices (i.e. laptop computer(s), pressure
transducers and other time -measurement devices) will be synchronized so that the time
(using 24-hour military format) of each reading, electronic and manual, can be
referenced to the exact minute and hour that pumping started.
o Data management is crucial to prevent data loss. Use caution not to overwrite any
previously recorded files and remember, electronic data backup is always necessary. A
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significant job loss occurs if data is accidently overwritten or lost. As soon as testing has
been completed or at intervals as directed in the field implementation plan, immediately
back up data on a laptop computer, a flash drive kept in a safe location (e.g., back pack),
and uploaded nightly to the project data server (i.e. Sharepoint) to reduce the risk of
data loss (e.g., computer failure) in the field.
• Flow Rate
o Flow meters likely come with a calibration certificate and is recommended to be
confirmed in the field prior to test start up. In -line flow meters that have totalizer and
instantaneous flow readings are preferred but orifice weir or manometers may be used.
o If test flow rates allow, bucket tests are recommended to be used to verify flow (e.g., 5-
gallon bucket).
o The flow meter chosen for the test will have an adequate flow rate range capable of
accurately measuring the expected flow rates and appropriately sized for the discharge
piping.
o It is strongly recommended that a backup meter be connected in a by-pass effluent line
connection in case of primary flow meter failure.
• Equipment Care
o Keep sensitive electronic equipment away from heat and devices that generate
significant magnetic fields. For example, do not place pressure transducers near electric
power generators or electric pump motors or store in vehicles when high temperatures
are anticipated. Likewise, radio signals may cause pressure transducers or computers to
malfunction.
• Decontamination
o Make sure all equipment that enter the test and observation wells (e.g., pump, water -
level meter, pressure transducer) is properly decontaminated before and after use. If
testing multiple wells, start with the least contaminated and progress to the most
contaminated.
• Weather
ERM
Verify that heavy rainfall (greater than a quarter of an inch) has not occurred within 48
hours and is not expected during testing. Recharge will influence groundwater levels
that cannot be corrected during post-test analysis providing unreliable results. If
weather conditions are questionable, check with project hydrogeologist for direction
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4 Methodology
3.2 PREPARATION
In addition to obtaining Section 2 Materials and Section 3 Cautions, the following items
should be considered:
Prior to field mobilization, discuss the test requirements with an ERM
hydrogeologist.
• Understand the well diameter, depth, and height of available water in the well
(water column) in that the water column height aids in pump and transducer
selection. It is also important to try and maintain water column during testing to
prevent damage to pumping equipment and capturing poor testing data.
• Previous analytical data for the handling and discharge/storage of potentially
contaminated groundwater is necessary. At specific locations, groundwater
impacts are prevalent and personnel should know the contaminants and levels
prior to implementing field procedures.
3.3 FIELD PROCEDURE
Transducer and Data Logger Deployment
Deploy pressure transducers, per Section 3, into the surrounding extraction or monitoring wells
to monitor water levels in a background setting before stressing the system and effecting
change. Background water level data will be inspected to identify the presence and magnitude
of background trends in groundwater levels that could affect the interpretation of drawdown in
the observation wells during the aquifer test.
Water levels in the pumping well will be monitored with a transducer capable of accurately
detecting water level changes of at least +/- 0.05 feet. Data acquisition will be set to linear
logging in a non -overwriting recording mode recording at a rate outlined in the field
implementation plan. A longer rate may be used for longer periods of background monitoring.
Refer to field implementation plan or consult with the project hydrogeologist for questions. The
accuracy of pressure transducers water levels will be checked periodically with manual
measurements, using an electronic tape in both the extraction and monitoring wells.
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If using absolute transducers, barometric pressure will be measured and recorded during
testing via a barrologger, or equivalent and used to compensate absolute transducer data prior
to data analysis. When applicable, barometric -pressure readings will also be used to analyze
effects of barometric -pressure fluctuations on groundwater levels during testing and
understand barometric efficiency.
Flow Meter and Discharge Tubing
A flow meter shall be connected to the test well when applicable, with proper wellhead control
to measure both flow rates during testing and properly control and monitor discharge during
pumping. The discharge will be directed through a totalizing flow meter and control valve to
accurately adjust the flow rate during testing. The discharge rate will be pre-set, where possible,
prior to the start of testing and will be measured at regular intervals throughout the test.
Adjustments will be made, as necessary, using either a control valve, or appropriate mechanism
to maintain the desired pumping rate. If an in -line flow meter is not available, flow rate control
will need to adhere to some form of understanding rate, such as a graduated bucket and stop
watch.
Step-Drawdown Test
A. A variable speed, rate -controllable, submersible pump, such as the Grundfos Redi-Flow 2 is
a low horsepower pump ideally designed for this application. An equivalent pump can be used,
however a several horsepower pump with a ball valve restriction will not provide precise flow
rate measurements needed during the test.
B. Make sure a consistent measuring point is used when recording all depth to groundwater
measurements at the pumping and observation wells.
C. Record the groundwater elevation inside all tested and monitored wells as part of the
testing program at site.
D. Synchronize time on all transducers, computers, and watches used to record field
measurements.
E. Measure the standing water volume inside the pumping well prior to lowering the pump
and transducer into the pumping well.
F. Lower the pump into the well that will be tested during the step-drawdown test. The pump
should be lowered near the well bottom, but not rest at the bottom of the well using the
water column prior to testing for control. Use appropriate tape or cable ties to bundle the
effluent tubing, electrical wire and suspension chord as the pump is lowered into the well.
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G. Using a pressure transducer with communication cable, lower the transducer into the
pumping well, or for high expected pumping situations secure the transducer
approximately 1-foot above the intake and/or where to maximize available water column.
Prior to testing, initiate the transducer to collect background data as discussed below and
throughout the document.
H. Secure the effluent discharge line from the pump to allow discharge into the discharge
piping network.
I. Begin pumping the well at a flow rate per the below table. Measure the flow rate using a
wellhead flowrate meter and a graduated bucket and stop watch.
J. Conduct the step test, which will consist of stressing the well at different pumping rates to
determine the optimal rate for the constant -rate test. For the purposes of this SOP it is
estimated the tests will comprise at least three steps (typically 33%, 67%, and 100% of
anticipated maximum flow rates [see inset graphical example below]). If time permits, a
fourth step can be added (-125% of anticipated maximum). During each step, the pumping
rate will be maintained at a constant rate for approximately 30 to 90 minutes and up to 2
hours (depending on field conditions), or until the water level in the extraction well has
stabilized (+/-1 % change or less). It is important to run the initial step long enough to
establish that the effects of well storage have dissipated, with the remaining steps run for
the same duration (or as close as possible) as the initial step. The entire test is usually
conducted over a period of one day. During each step, well discharge is maintained at a
constant rate until the water level in the extraction well has stabilized. Time and drawdown
for each rate, or step, is recorded.
K. During pumping, monitor extraction well drawdown using real-time reading capabilities of
the pressure transducer. Confirm the measurements with the depth to water probe when
applicable.
L. Continue to periodically monitor the pumping rate and drawdown inside the pumping well
until the drawdown has stabilized. Once drawdown has stabilized in the pumping well and
time designations are met, the step is complete.
M. Continue with the step-drawdown test by successively increasing the flow rate as discussed
above and associated drawdown measurements with higher pumping rates. The step-
drawdown test is typically completed when one of the following two events occur:
ERM
a. The amount or level of drawdown inside the well during the test approaches the
pump intake, or the water column above the transducer looks to become
unsustainable. Once the drawdown reaches this elevation, either back off on
applied pumping rate, or turn off the pump (depending on field conditions) and
continue to monitor groundwater recovery with the pressure transducer. Be sure
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the effluent discharge pipe does not syphon water back down the monitoring
well. Note, if the pump is turned off, the test may be compromised and or
managed differently. Notify the ERM hydrogeologist for next steps.
b. The pump reaches its maximum pumping capacity and additional steps cannot
be completed. If the pump reaches maximum capacity, continue to pump and
monitor drawdown to ensure drawdown stabilization. Once stable drawdown
has been achieved, the appropriate amount of steps and timing of each has been
satisfied (based on field conditions), turn off the pump and continue to monitor
groundwater recovery with the pressure transducer. Be sure the effluent
discharge pipe does not syphon water back down the monitoring well.
N. Continue to monitor groundwater recovery throughout the instrumented wells until the
groundwater level reaches 95% of pre -pumping level (or feasible based on field conditions).
Manually tag the water levels in the extraction and monitoring wells (where feasible).
O. Once the test is complete, continue to monitor groundwater recovery after pumping has
ceased. Ideally, groundwater elevations will be monitored for approximately 12 - 24 hours
after the conclusion of the step-drawdown test.
Step-Drawdown Testing Graphical Example
55
45
35
-5
ERM
Figure 6. MW813BStep-Drawdown Curve
MW813 Construction Details
Total well depth = 130.0 It
Screen Interval = 120.3 -130.0 It
Depth to Water 13It
Maximum available drawdown - 100 It
0, = 0.799pm
02 = 1.459pm
• 03 = 1.959pm
• (4 = 2.969pm
05 = 3.78 9pm
20 40 60 80 100
Elapsed Time (min)
120 140
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P. General Notes
• The recorded data from the step-drawdown test will be used for the following:
i. To determine the flow rate for the constant -rate pumping test;
ii. To calculate specific capacity (i.e. well loss), for determining drawdown
at certain pumping rates; and
iii. To calculate well efficiency, for assessing how freely groundwater flows
into the well during pumping.
In addition, the step-drawdown test will verify pump operation, flow meter
operation, verify level/pressure transducers are programmed correctly, verify field
instrumentation is operational, and field forms are adequate.
If any pumping well purges dry during the test, attempt to pump the well at a flow
rate equal to the recharge rate of the well. This rate will need to be field tested and
measured consistently using a bucket and stop watch. Measure the depth to water
for any new pumping rates.
Constant Rate Pumping Test
Following completion of the step-drawdown test and recovery. Data evaluation will be
completed to inform at what rate to perform constant -rate testing. The constant rate pumping
test should commence after both the pumping and surrounding observation wells have
recharged to 95% (depending on field conditions). The following are to be completed prior to
and beginning constant rate testing.
A. The pressure transducers will commence from step -testing in that transducers should not be
removed or reprogrammed before the start of constant rate testing, but left to continue
recording data.
B. Begin the constant rate pumping test by adjusting the pumping rate to the determined
discharge from step -testing as quickly as possible and maintaining that rate for the
duration of the test.
C. Record the discharge flowrate every 5 minutes at the beginning, slowing as the aquifer
stabilizes. Adjust the pump as needed to maintain a constant flowrate.
D. Collect manual measurements throughout the duration of the test at regular intervals to
validate pressure transducer readings. The frequency of measurements will be based on the
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frequency recommendations identified in ASTM: D 4050-96 but decrease in frequency with
increase in distance from pumping well.
ASTM: D 4050-96 Typical Measurement Frequency
Frequency, One Measurement
Every:
Elapsed Time, For the First:
0.5
min
3
min
1
min
3-5
min
5
min
5-60
min
10
min
60-120
min
20
min
2-3
hr
1
hr
3-15
hr
3
hr
15-72
hr
Note: the manual measurement frequency schedule for the test will vary based on
ability to monitor all wells. More frequent measurements are recommended where
possible.
E. Continue the test for up to 48 to 72 hours (depending on field conditions).
F. During the test, drawdown versus log time collected at the pumping well will be plotted to
monitor testing progress and identify any potential testing issues. Monitoring the progress
of the test may identify boundaries causing increased drawdown or fluctuations in
pumping rate, which need to be addressed.
G. Don't stop transducers, but download data and continue manual monitoring.
H. Upon achieving test duration, the test will be considered complete and will continue into
post-test monitoring described below.
Post Test (Recovery) Monitoring and Activities
Once testing is ready for cessation, pressure transducers will continue to collect water levels
until approximately 95% recovery (depending on field conditions) of the original measured
non -pumping static groundwater elevation. If recovery is fast, wait until 100% recovery.
Manual water level measurements will also be collected at regular intervals to support
validation.
Once post-test monitoring activities are complete, the pump, transducers and all equipment can
be removed.remove and download pressure transducers. Store/transfer/maintain the data and
upload to project folder as soon as possible to prevent data loss.
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4 References
ASTM D4050-14, Standard Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well
Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifer Systems, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2014, www.astm.org
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Appendix A
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER LOG
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PRESSURE TRANSDUCER LOG
Personnel:
Test:
Weather:
Pressure Transducers
Well ID
Transducer
Serial
Number
Program Start
Date and Time
Recording
Interval
Approximate
Deployment Depth
ft Deployment
( )
DEPLOYMENT
RETRI EVAUDOWN LOAD
Download File Name
(MW-16-01012017-00:00)
Date
Time
DTW
(ft bTOC)
Date
Time
DTW
(ft bTOC)
NOTES:
ft bTOC - feet below top of casing.

Appendix S
MANUAL DEPTH -TO -WATER LOG
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MANUAL WATER LEVEL RECORD, FOR PUMPING TEST
MEASUREMENTS IN OBSERVATION WELL #:
Job Name:
Well Diameter:
Measure Point:
Pumped Well:
Distance from Pumped Well:
Location:
Step No.
Start Date:
Sheet: of
Depths Below Measuring Point (feet)
Average Flow:
Static Water Static
Level: Time:
Static Level
Well Bottom
Screen Top
Screen Base
Transducer
Date
Time
(24 hr Clock)
Elapsed
Time (mins)
Depth to
Water (ft)
Drawdown
(ft)
Date
Time
(24 hr Clock)
Elapsed
Time (mins
Depth to
Water (ft)
Drawdown
(ft)
Date
Time
(24 hr Clock)
Elapsed
Time (mins)
Depth to
Water (ft)
Drawdown
(ft)

Appendix C
EXTRACTION TEST LOG

PUMPING/RECOVERY TEST LOG
PROJECT
PERSONNEL
Well construction
measuring point description:
sounded depth to bottom (ft bMP):
screened interval (ft bgs):
casing diameter (cm):
Test Details Date:
Time pumping started:
target rate (gpm)
Time pumping stopped:
Total pumping duration (min):
total volume removed (gal)
calculated rate, from totalizer (gpm)
Notes:
WELL SITE LOCATION
PM/TM
SWL and pump deployment
static DTW (prior to pump insertion):
static DTW (after pump insertion):
approx. pump depth (intake, ft btoc)
Pump type:
Time pumping stopped
total duration (min)
Date
TIME
(24 hour)
ELASPED
TIME (calculate)
(min)
DEPTH TO
WATER
(ft btoc)
Measured
Totalizer
reading
(gal)
Notes
(begin pumping, rate change, stop pumping, etc.)
flow rate
(gpm)
pre -test static:
--
Page 1 of

Date
TIME
(actual)
ELASPED
TIME (calculate)
(min)
DEPTH TO
WATER
(ft btoc)
Measured
Totalizer
reading
(gal)
Notes
(begin pumping, rate change, stop pumping, etc.)
flow rate
(gpm)
Page _ of_

Date
TIME
(actual)
ELASPED
TIME (calculate)
(min)
DEPTH TO
WATER
(ft btoc)
Measured
Totalizer
reading
(gal)
Notes
(begin pumping, rate change, stop pumping, etc.)
flow rate
(gpm)
Page — of

Date
TIME
(actual)
ELASPED
TIME (calculate)
(min)
DEPTH TO
WATER
(ft btoc)
Measured
Totalizer
reading
(gal)
Notes
(begin pumping, rate change, stop pumping, etc.)
flow rate
(gpm)
Page _ of_