WQ0033621_Regional Office Physical File Scan Up To 6/2/2020

T `� n
O A F9 P E E b E® Michael F.Easley,Governor
O William G.Ross Jr.,Secretary
II r NOV 20 2063 North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
p •
Coleen H.Sullins Director
Asheville Regional Office Division of Water Quality
•
Aquifer Protection
November 19,2008
Samuel Young
Young-McQueen Grading Company,Inc
25 Crestview
Burnsville,NC 28714
Subject: Acknowledgement of;Application No. WQ0033621
Fox Mine .
Wastewater Recycling
Yancey
Dear Mr.Young:
The Aquifer Protection Section of the Division of Water Quality(Division)acknowledges receipt of your permit
application and supporting materials on November 10,2008.This application package has been assigned the number
listed above and will be reviewed by David Goodrich.
The reviewer will perform a detailed review and contact you with a request for additional information if necessary.
To ensure the maximum efficiency in processing permit applications,the Division requests your assistance in
providing a timely and complete response to any additional information requests.
Please be aware that the Division's Regional Office,copied below,must provide recommendations prior to final
action by the Division.Please also note at this time,processing permit applications can take as long as 60-90 days
after receipt of a complete application.
If you have any questions,please contact David Goodrich at 919-715-6162,or via e-mail at
[e-mail]. If the reviewer is unavailable,you may leave a message,and they will respond
promptly.Also note that the Division has reorganized.To review our new organizational chart,go to
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/documents/dwq orgchart.pdf.
PLEASE REFER TO THE ABOVE APPLICATION NUMBER WHEN MAKING INQUIRIES ON THIS
PROJECT.
Sincerely,
LidCk 6J502_,'
for Ted Bush,Jr.
Section Chief
cc: &daft Regional Office Aa u►Fer Pro ection ection
Nikki Street(Landcraft Engineering LLC PO :ox'4 9 fpruce Pine,NC 28777)
Permit Application File WQ0033621
None
rthCarolina
Naturally
Aquifer Protection Section 1636 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1636 Telephone: [phone]
Internet:www.ncwaterquality.orq Location: 2728 Capital Boulevard Raleigh, NC 27604 Fax 1: [phone]
Fax 2: [phone]
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer—50%Recycled/10%Post Consumer Paper Customer Service: [phone]

Central Files: APS. - SWP
11/19/08
Permit Number WQ0033621 Permit TrackingSlip
Program Category . Status Project Type
Non-discharge In review New Project
Permit Type Version Permit Classification
Wastewater Recycling A Individual
Primary Reviewer Permit Contact Affiliation
david.goodrich. Nikki Street
Permitted Flow PO Box 429
Spruce Pine NC 28777
Facility
Facility Name Major/Minor Region
Fox Mine Minor Asheville
Location Address County
Whittington Rd `Yancey.
Burnsville NC • 28714 Facility Contact Affiliation
•
Owner
Owner Name Owner-Type
Young McQueen Grading Company Inc Non-Government
Owner Affiliation •.
Samuel Young
25 Crestview
Burnsville • NC 28714
Dates/Events
Scheduled •
Orig Issue App Received Draft Initiated , Issuance Public Notice •Issue . Effective Expiration
-11/10/08
Regulated Activities Requested/Received Events
RO staff report received
RO staff report requested
Additional information requested
Additional information received
Outfall NULL "
Waterbody Name Stream Index Number Current Class Subbasin

•
71'j-i1:1=E CO P-jV • r?ET e 7,•
•
AQUIFER PROTECTION SECTION .
APPLICATION REVIEW REQUEST FORM1 NOV 20 26
Date: November 19,2008 AshaviReRc 1
To: X Landon Davidson,ARO-APS ❑ David May,WaRO-APS r�
❑ Art Barnhardt,FRO-APS ❑ Charlie Stehman,WiRO-APS
❑ Andrew Pitner,MRO-APS ❑ Sherri Knight,WSRO-APS
❑ Jay Zimmerman,RRO-APS
From: David Goodrich,Land Application Unit
• Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: david.goodrich(a ncmail.net
A. Permit Number: WQ0033621
B. Owner: Young-McQueen Grading Company
C. Facility/Operation: Fox Mine
X Proposed ❑ Existing ® Facility X Operation
•
D. Application:
1. Permit Type: ❑ Animal ❑ Surface Irrigation ❑ Reuse ❑ H-R Infiltration
X Recycle ❑ I/E Lagoon ❑ GW Remediation(ND)
❑ UIC-(5A7) open loop geothermal
For Residuals: ❑ Land App. ❑ D&M ❑ Surface Disposal
❑ 503 ❑ 503 Exempt ❑ Animal
2. Project Type: X New ❑ Major Mod. f 1 Minor Mod. ❑ Renewal ❑ Renewal w/Mod.
E. Comments/Other Information: ❑ I would like to accompany you on a site visit.
• Statutory Date: 02/08/09
Attached, you will find all information submitted in support of the above-referenced application for your
review,comment, and/or action. Within calendar days,please take the following actions:
® Return a Completed APSARR Form. •
❑ Attach Well Construction Data Sheet.
❑ Attach Attachment B for Certification by the LAPCU.
❑ Issue an Attachment B Certification from the RO.*
* Remember that you will be responsible for coordinating site visits and reviews, as well as additional
information requests with other RO-APS representatives in order to prepare a complete Attachment B for
certification. Refer to the RPP SOP for additional detail. '
When you receive this request form, please write/ ur name and dates in the spaces below, make a copy.
of this sheet, and returp it to tY} pppropri to etra Office-Aquifer Protection Section,contact person
listed above. r;
RO-APS ,;4/ Date: /.,.-3
- (%
•
FORM: APSARR 07/06 Page 1 of 1

• Non-Discharge Recycle
Wastewater System
Permit Application
� I
3 1 IbL ,: 14,.
•
Vr
r L
For:
Young & McQueen Grading Company
Fox Mine
Whittington Road, Burnsville, North Carolina
Yancey County
Application Prepared By:
Landcraft Engineering, LLC
Freeman Environmental Consulting, LLC

Freeman Environmental Consulting, LLC
31 Cross Street, Suite 229, Spruce Pine, NC 28777
828-765-1515, Office 828-765-3571
e-mail: freemanenviroMen©bellsouth.net
November 6,2008
Aquifer Protection Unit RECEIVE a QDEo S'ecctioa
P.
NC DENR-Division of Water Quality NOV Q 20�8
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh,NC 27699-1636 Aquifer
Subject; Non-discharge Wastewater recycle Permit
Fox Mine
Young&McQueen Grading Company,Inc
Burnsville,Yancey County
Dear Sirs,
Please find attached a permit application for the above facility for the permitting of a non-
discharge wastewater system associated with a stone screening and washing operation. Also
attached is a check in the amount of$360.00 to cover the processing fees.
The permit will allow the screening and washing of stone from a DOT project that is upgrading
Highway 19E,to be returned to the project for use as gravel and clean stone. The Fox mine site
is in the process of being permitted as a mine although no excavations will be performed at the
site (see attached Mine Permit). The stone will be brought to the site and stored until it is sized
and screened for further use. A DOT Reclamation Plan has also been filed for the project site
and is also attached. A copy of the US Fish and Wildlife report on the highway construction has
also been attached. "
The system is simple and uses an existing pond as the source of clean water and also the
treatment area. The detention time is greater than 7 days and the pump is the only mechanical
part of the system as the flow from the process area will be gravity.
Should you have questions concerning this application I can be reached during normal business
hours at 828-765-1515.
Sincerel
omas ( m)Freeman CPESC
Freeman Environmental Consulting,LLC
CC: Y-Mc,LE and FEC files

W A TF RECEIVED I DENR I DWQ
RQ Aquifer Pr�tArtion section State of North Carolina
G Department of Environment and Natural Resources
� r= �
�' NOV 10 2008� Division of Water Quality
CLOSED-LOOP RECYCLE SYSTEMS APPLICATION
FORM: CLRS 12-06
(THIS FORM MAY BE PHOTOCOPIED FOR USE AS AN ORIGINAL)
Application Number: (to be completed by DWQ)
I. GENERAL INFORMATION:
1. Applicant's name(See Instruction A): Young-McQueen Grading Company,Inc.
Applicant type: ❑Individual ® Corporation ❑ General Partnership ❑Privately Owned Public Utility'
❑Federal ❑ State ❑Municipal ❑ County
Signature authority's name: Samuel Young (per 15A NCAC 2T.0106) Title:President
Applicant's mailing address:25 Crestview Road
City:Burnsville State:NC Zip:28714-
Telephone number: [phone] Fax number: [phone] Email Address:
2. Facility name:Fox Mine
Facility's physical address: Whittington Road
City:Burnsville State:NC Zip:28714- County: Yancey
Closed-Loop Recycle Facility: Latitude: 35°55'32" Longitude: -82°25' 13" USGS Map Name: Bald Creek
3. Consulting Engineer's name:Nikki B Street License Number:23960 Firm:Landcraft Engineering,LLC
Engineer's mailing address:po box 429
City: Spruce Pine State:NC Zip:28777-
Telephone number: [phone] Fax number: (na) - Email Email Address: [e-mail]
II. PERMIT INFORMATION:
1. Project is: ®New ❑Major Modification ❑Minor Modification
2. Fee submitted: (See Instruction C) > Existing Permit No.:WQ00 , issue date:
3. Facility status: ❑Existing ®Proposed
1---> Was this system approved under 15A NCAC 2H.0200?
I❑Yes or El No
> Does this system meet the criteria in 15A NCAC 2T.1003?
pYes or❑No
> Complete FORM: RRPWRS and discontinue using FORM: CLRS
4. Does this project utilize: ❑ public funds and/or®private funds; ❑public lands and/or®private lands
FORM: CLRS 12-06 Page 5

5. What is the status of the following appropriate permits/certifications?
CPermit/Certification Submitted Approved Permit/Certification No. Agency Reviewer
Erosion&Sedimentation
Control Plan NA
Nationwide 12 or 404 NA
Wetlands 401 NA
Stormwater Management Plan Will be For when • Is approved
applied Mine permit
Dam Safety NA
Sewer System N/A
Other:Mine Permit 9-19-08 Pending NCDENR-DLQ
6. Does the project comply with all setbacks found in the river basin rules(15A NCAC 2B .0200)? ® Yes or❑No
If no,list non-compliant setbacks:
III. INFORMATION ON WASTEWATER GENERATION:
1. What is the origin of the wastewater(i.e.,hospital,municipality,industry,etc.)?Rock Crushing and Screening
2. Volume of wastewater flow for this project: 180,000 gallons per day(GPD)
3. Explanation of how wastewater flow was,determined(15A NCAC 2T.0114(c)):
Type of Establishment Basis of Flow Flow Per Unit Number of Units Total
Stone wash plant Gallons/min 300 600 180000
Gallons/
Gallons/
Gallons/
Total 180000
4. Nature of wastewater: ❑ 100%Domestic Waste(residential, commercial, etc)
® 100%Industrial
❑ Combination of Industrial and Domestic Waste: %Domestic %Industrial
❑Municipal waste(town,city, etc.)
�—i Is there a Pretreatment Program in effect? ❑Yes or❑No
•
FORM: CLRS 12-06 Page 6

IV. GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION:
1. Brief project description: Recycle system for wet suppression on Rock Crushing and Screening Operation
2. In accordance with 15A NCAC 2T.1006,provide the minimum distance in feet from the facility to each parameter(distances
greater than 500 feet may be left blank):
Setback Parameter Treatment/Storage
Units
Any habitable residence or place of assembly under separate ownership or not to be maintained as
part of the project site
Any private or public water supply source
Surface waters(streams—intermittent and perennial,perennial waterbodies,and wetlands) 250
Any well with exception of monitoring wells •
Any property line 50
3. The closed-loop recycle facilities must be secured to prevent unauthorized entry. Details and notations of restricted access
measures shall be shown on submitted plans and specifications. Briefly describe the measures being taken in accordance
with 15A NCAC 2T.1005(a)(1): Signage and fencing per Mine Permit requirements
4. Is potable water proposed to supplement the closed-loop recycle system? ❑ Yes or®No
If yes,is there an air gap separation between.the potable water system and the closed-loop recycle system? ❑Yes or❑No
5. Can the recycle facility: X Stop production of effluent?
X Return the effluent back to the treatment facility?
X Store the effluent?
❑Discharge the effluent to another permitted wastewater treatment facility?
Permit Number:
❑None of the above
1_j Are essential treatment units provided in duplicate? ❑ Yes or❑No
6. What is the 100-year flood elevation?2485 feet mean sea level. Source:NFIP—see attached FIRM Map
✓ Are any treatment or storage units located within the 100-year flood plain?X Yes or❑ No
If yes,briefly describe which treatment/storage units are affected:All,and the measures being taken to protect them
against flooding:Pump is submergible,Pipe is buried and the pond may become filled but can be reclaimed by cleaning.,
If yes,does the Applicant have documentation of compliance with§143 Article 21 Part 6? ❑Yes or❑No
7. Method to provide system reliability per 15A NCAC 2T.1005(b)(3)(See Instruction N):The system will rely on gravity
flow of effluent from the processing area to the pond. The system will empty to the pond in a power failure or system shut
down due to equipment failure. Water will only flow through system if pumped into system from pond.
Q
FORM: CLRS 12-06 Page 7

V. DESIGN INFORMATION FOR NEW OR MODIFIED PORTIONS OF THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY
1. Provide the number and dimensions of each treatment unit,and provide their location in the specifications and plans. If an
item is not applicable, do not fill in the requested information:
a. TREATMENT(i.e.,physical operations such as large solids screening and equalization to remove problem
characteristics such as abrasive grit and clogging rags, as well as to dampen high flows):
Treatment Unit Number Manufacturer Dimensions(ft) Volume Plan Sheet Specification
of Units or Material /Spacings (in) (gallons) Number Page Number
1 1 N/A 60X950 2020677.12 1 Existing
b. PUMPS
Location Number Purpose Manufacturer/ Capacity Plan Sheet Specification
of PumpsType GPM TDH Number Page Number
Hydromatic/
NE comer of Pond 1 recycle Sub. 300 20 1 Pumps 1
c. BLOWERS
No.of Manufacturer/ Capacity Plan Sheet Specification
Location Blowers Units Served Type (CFM) Number Page Number
NA
d. MIXERS •
No. of Manufacturer/ Power Plan Sheet Specification
Location Mixers Units Served Type (hp) Number Page Number
NA
e. RECORDING DEVICES &RELIABILITY
Number Maximum Plan Sheet Specification
Device of Units Capacity Manufacturer Location Number Page Number
NA
n
FORM: CLRS 12-06 Page 8

VI. DESIGN INFORMATION FOR STORAGE IMPOUNDMENTS
1. Provide the number of earthen impoundments in the system: 1
2. Are any impoundments designed to receive adjacent surface runoff? ❑Yes or X No
If Yes,please specify which impoundment: and the drainage area: ft2.
3. Are impoundment(s)designed to include a discharge point(pipe,emergency spillway,etc)? ❑Yes or®No
4. Provide the design measures proposed for impoundment liner protection from wind driven wave action:Vegetation
5. Provide the location of each design element in the specifications and engineering plans for each storage unit:
Storage Impoundment Plan Sheet Specification
Number Page Number
Liner material(15A NCAC 2T.1005(b)(7)'and ❑ Synthetic ❑ Clay
(8))?NA ❑ Concrete ❑ Steel
Liner installation and testing requirements E - ; N/A
Inside berm surface dimensions(L x W x H) 60 ft 950 ft 12 ft 1 Existing
Bottom dimensions (L x W) 46 ft 926 ft Existing Existing
Embankment side slope 2 : 1 Existing Existing
Mean seasonal high water table depth* 6 ft 1 Existing
Finished grade elevation 2476 ft 1 Existing
Depth from bottom to top of embankment 12 ft 1 Existing
'\ Total volume 567,600 ft3 4,245,650 Existing
gallons
Design freeboard 6 ft Existing 1 Existing
Depth of minimum liquid level(above permanent <1 ft Existing Existing
liquid level)
Effective volume provided** 189,200 ft3 1,415,200 Existing Existing
gallons
Effective storage time provided 7.86 days Existing Existing
* NOTE: The liner shall be protected from impacts of the seasonal high water table as necessary.
** NOTE: The storage volume should be calculated between the top of any permanent liquid level(as indicated by outlet
pipe)and maximum allowable liquid level in the impoundment.
l
FORM: CLRS 12-06 Page 9

�� RECEIVED/DENR/DWQ
Aquifer Protection Section
NOV 10 2008
Professional Engineer's Certification: n�
I, tit t k IL1 14). S 1 tl 44c,. ,attest that this application for h1OO—ok ( tL�A� 0444 CA. '
t,. kr3 5 ca't t•t i has been reviewed by me and is accurate,complete
and consistent with the information supplied in the engineering plans,calculations,and all other supporting documentation to the best
of my knowledge. I further attest that to the best of my knowledge the proposed design has been prepared in accordance with this
application package and its instructions as well as all applicable regulations and statutes. Although other professionals may have
developed certain portions of this submittal package,inclusion of these materials under my signature and seal signifies that I have
reviewed this material and have judged it to be consistent with the proposed design. Note: In accordance with NC General Statutes
143-215.6A and 143-215.6B,any person who knowingly makes any false statement,representation,or certification in any application
package shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor,which may include a fine not to exceed$10,000 as well as civil penalties up to
$25,000 per violation. `\\\\\\\`11111111I)I///,
North Carolina Professional Engineer's seal,signature,and date: �\ CAQ.
RD
SEAL
3 2 60
•.FA►GINE� '��
4y 4k�.8..�....SI A, f��\
ii��i1ansont `� I� 0�
'`;:ant's Certification(signing authority must be in compliance with I5A NCAC 2T.0106(b)):
�IJA.I Deaf r
(signing authority name). (title)
attest that this application for QA mow.,
• (facility name)
has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that any discharge of wastewater
from this non-discharge system to surface waters or the land will result in an immediate enforcement action that may include civil
penalties,injunctive relief,and/or criminal prosecution. I will make no claim against the Division of Water Quality should a condition
of this permit be violated. I also understand that if all required parts of this,application package are not completed and that if all
required supporting information and attachments are not included,this application package will be returned to me as incomplete. I
further certify that the applicant or any affiliate has not been convicted of an environmental crime,has not abandoned a wastewater
facility without proper closure,does not have an outstanding civil penalty where all appeals have been exhausted or abandoned,are
compliant with any active compliance schedule,and do not have any overdue annual fees under Rule 2T.0105. Note: In accordance
with NC General Statutes 143-215.6A and 143-215.6B,any person who knowingly makes any false statement,representation,or
certification in a application package shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor,which may include a fine not to exceed$10,000 as
well as civil pen 1'es up to 5,000 vio ation.
I,G ' Z 10 • c�s
Signature: � — Date:
•
•
•
•
FORM:CLRS 12-06 Page 10
.

C)
WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION ATTACHMENT (FORM: WSCA 10-06)
Applicant's name: Young&McQueen Grading Company, Inc
Site/Field County Latitude Longitude Location .Location Location Waterbody Subbasin and . Current and
ID Datum Method Accuracy Stream Index No. Proposed Class
Code
1 Yancey 035-55-0.76 082-23 NAD-83 MAP 0.10 Sec FRB07 7-3-(13.7) (Map C TR
11.74 W DO9NE8)
I, Thomas Freeman ,attest that this attachment form has been prepared by me and is accurate and complete
to the best of my knowl dge. I un and that if all required parts of this attachment are not completed and that if all required supporting information is not
included,this applica on packa ' 1 be returned as incomplete.
Signa Date //`.=3 --19/
FORM:WSCA 10-06 Page 5 of 5 Attachment Order 3-a

Water Balance Calculation
St=St-1+[Inflow]— [Outflow]
St=St4+[Qt(delta t)+Ar(PCP/12)] —[Qout+EVP]
Where:
St=Storage required at the end of period t(Ac-Ft)
St_1=Storage required at the end of the previous period(Ac-Ft)=6.2 Ac-Ft
Ar=Surface area draining to pond (Ac)=in this case pond surface only(all other
diverted)= 1.30 Ac.
PCPt=Precipitation during period t(inches)= 13.69 M./month/30 days/mo. =0.456
Qt=Flow from washing operations (Ac-Ft)= 180,000 gpd/(7.48 g/cf)/43560 cf/Ac-Ft=
0.55 Ac-Ft/day
Qout=pump out(Ac-Ft) =0.55 Ac-Ft/day
EVP=Evaporation=0.27 in
St.6.2+[0.55(delta t)+ 1.3(0.456/12) ]— [0.55 +(0.27/12)]
St=7.85+[0.55(1)+ 1.3(0.456/12)]--[0.55 +(0.27/12)] = 6.2+0.55 +0.0494- .5725
= 6.23 Ac-Ft

Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Specifications
(1) Polyvinyl Chloride pipe for force mains shall be made from Type 1, Grade
1 or 2, Polyvinyl Chloride plastic as defined in ASTM Specification D
1784, "Specifications for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Compounds.
(2) Physical Properties
The pipe shall conform to Commercial Standard CS-256-63 or ASTM
Specification D 2241-80 "Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR and Class T)" as it applies to Type I, Grade 1
or 2 Polyvinyl Chloride plastic pipe, SDR 21, water pressure rating of 200
psi at 23° C (72.4°F).
(3) Joints
The joints for pipe 1-1/2 inch in diameter and larger shall be push-on (bell
and spigot)joints designed so that the pipe and fittings may be connected on
the job without the use of solvent cement or any special equipment. The
push-on joint shall be a single rubber gasket joint designed to be assembled
by the positioning of a continuous, molded,rubber ring gasket in an annular
recess in the pipe or fitting socket and the forcing of the plain end of the
s entering pipe into the socket, thereby compressing the gasket radically to
the pipe to form a positive seal. The gasket and the annular recess shall be
so designed and shaped that the gasket is locked in place against
displacement as the joint is assembled. Details of the joint design and
assembly shall be in accordance with the joint manufacturer's standard
practice. The joints shall be designed so as to provide for the thermal
expansion or contraction experienced with the total temperature change of
at least 75° F in each joint per length of pipe. Joints shall comply with
ASTM-D3139.
(4) Lubricant
Lubricant furnished for lubricating joints shall be non-toxic, shall not
support the growth of bacteria, shall have no deteriorating effects on the
gasket or pipe material, and shall not impart color, taste or odor to water.
The lubricant containers shall be labeled with the manufacturer's name.
(5) Gasket
Gaskets shall meet all applicable requirements of ANSI Standard A21.11
and/or ASTM F477-76,
Gasket dimensions shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's standard
design dimensions and tolerances. The gasket shall be of such size and

shape as to provide an adequate compressive force against the spigot and
after assembly to effect a positive seal under all conditions of joint and
gasket tolerances. The trade name or trademark, size, mold number, gasket
manufacturer's mark and year of manufacture shall be molded in the rubber
on the back of gaskets.
Gaskets shall be vulcanized natural or vulcanized synthetic rubber. No
reclaimed rubber shall be used. When two hardnesses of rubber are
included in a gasket, the soft and hard portions shall be integrally molded
and joined in a strong vulcanized bond. They shall be free of porous areas,
foreign material and visible defects.
(6) Pipe Lengths
The pipe shall be furnished in nominal lengths of 20 feet. The pipe shall be
supported at least every 10 feet of its length during all handling, and special
care shall be taken to avoid placing undue stress on the pipe during
handling, and any actions that may damage the bell or spigot ends of the
pipe shall be avoided.
(7) Fittings
Fittings to be installed in conjunction with the low pressure force main
(pumped sewer lines) shall be of the same material and quality as the pipe .
The fittings shall be designed to withstand the same pressures required for
the pipe. The supplier shall be capable of supplying fittings with
combinations of spigot(plain) end and bell.
The pipe supplier shall be capable of supplying special pieces for use in
connection PVC pipe to cast or ductile iron pipe.
Excavation for Pipeline Trenches
Not more than three hundred (300) feet of trench shall be opened ahead of the
pipe laying, and no more than two hundred (200) feet of open ditch shall be left
behind the pipe laying. All barricades, lanterns,watchmen, and other such signs
and signals as may be necessary to warn the public to the dangers in connection
with open trenches, excavations and other obstructions, shall be provided by and
at the expense of the contractor.
Trenches shall be opened to a depth so that the top of the pipe shall not be less
than two and one-half(2-1/2) feet below the surface of the ground when laid
through wooded areas, fields and other such areas outside the pavement or
traveled surface of highways and roadways. All depths of cover are measured
to the top of the pipe.

Trenches shall be of sufficient width to provide free working space on each side
of the pipe and to permit proper backfilling around the pipe. The contractor
shall provide adequate facilities for promptly removing water from all
excavations.
Before laying the pipe, the contractor shall open the trench far enough ahead to
reveal obstructions that may necessitate changing the line or grade of the
pipeline.
All excavations shall be accomplished in accordance with applicable safety laws
and regulations.

Young & McQueen Grading Company, Inc.
Wastewater recycle diagram
Ci . • .
Plant - 4
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ee
v a '
s. > , t w. �
} ' v,Cross Section View ,4 1, Rdye.e,Pon � F y•
Whittington Road
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0 gir*,:: Wdkei
Ap
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rt� a4
*girt Altit,45Airt
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as
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vt�`Re y IePntl
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03 �,..410 r has -7 , _.
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Top View
Washing Plant Area• �� �
Gravity �� ,�� ��� � , 1 41
tom "

Young & McQue.en Grading Company, Inc
Fox Mine, Wastewater Recycle Plant
Operation and Maintenance Plan
The closed loop,Non discharge recycle system at the Fox Mine will be simple to op[erate
and easily maintained . The system will use one pump and gravity flow to complete the
cycle as follows:
Wastewater produced by the screening and washing plant will flow by gravity to the
wastewater recycling pond. Once the water reaches the pond it will have a detention time
of greater than 6 days which will allow for the settling of sediments and.solids. The
waster void of the solids will then be pumped to the washing and screening plant for
reuse. The wastewater will flow gravity to the pond and be returned in the closed loop
system.
The only maintenance to the system will be the removal of solids from the pond area
once they impede the flow and or make the systems operation less than adequate. Pump
maintenance will be performed as needed and the gravity flow of wastewater to the pond
will be monitored to assure a steady flow.
l Residuals Management Plan
If the residuals buildup in the pond shows signs of slowing the flow or preventing
efficiency the residuals will be removed. Any residuals removed will be added to the
gravel as sand and sold as a product.
•
fI

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,, `,Name:BALD CREEK Location: 035°54'48.6" N 082°23'45.4" W
Date:9/24/108 Caption:Young_McQueen Grading Company, Inc. Fox Mine closed
Scale: 1 Inch equals 2000 feet loop recycle system pond
Copyright(C)1997,Maptech,Inc.

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os-�28'o.ol)°VVII I I I I I r I i b824 26'o.o r' 11 I I I I 1 6824 24'o.ou"
' _ .!Name: BALD CREEK Location: 035°55'31.6" N 082°25'12.9" W
Date:9/24/108 Caption:Young_McQueen Grading Company, Inc. Fox Mine closed
Scale: 1 inch equals•4000 feet loop recycle system pond_
Copyright(C)1997,Maptech,Inc.

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�e - 5'.`R , �y'slrEFFECTIVE DATE:
• YYY f:-‘-',V.% APRIL 17, 1984
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Pump Head Calculations
Q=300 gpm
Length of Force Main= 10751f
Evaluate both 4"and 6"force main
Static Head
Static head=wash area—bottom of pond=2476-2464= 12'
Dynamic Head
C=140 1c=.54
H= 1075 x 1.32 ft/100 ft = 14.2 ft x .54=7.7 ft(with 6"force main)
H= 1075 x 9.3 ft/100 ft=99.98 ft x 0.54=53.98 ft(with 4"force main)
TDH
TDH(6")= 12 ft+7.7 ft= 19.7 ft
TDH(4")= 12 ft+53.98 ft=65.98 ft
Use 6"due to scour potential from excess velocity in 4"

nRICTION LOSS OF WATER IN FEET PER 100 FEET.LENGTH OF PIPE. BASED ON WILLIAMS & HAZEN- v
FORMULA USING CONSTANT 100. SIZES OF STANDARD PIPE IN INCHES
1'Pipe 134'Pipe ••1 'Pipe 2'Pipe .234°Pipe 3'Pipe 4'Pipe 5'Pipe f - ''' -"i
°Pipe 4+'Pipe U•S• 'nll
U.S. _ VeL peGals. Vel.cnvn:ft.per .Lon•e. ft per VeL •Lin" £f per . f Vet. LOW VP r in IL Per Lossss VAL ft.per•a £t.pec.�in� ft p Lossin ft.per in �in� It.• Less
perrmin. ";',,w
. See Feet ,See, Feet. See• Feet See, Feet See. Feet Sec, Feet Sec, Feet- Sec, Feet' See. Feet.•Sea. Feet Sec Feet ,
- 2 2,10. 7.4 1.20 _ 1,9• '• 2 ,fit
4 4.21. 27.0 2.41 7.0 1.49 2.14 _86 '_ '57 :63 _26
6 6.31 57.0 3.61. 14.7 2.23 4.55 1.29 1.20 .94, .56 .61 .20..... 6 '
VM
-8. 8.42: 98 0 4,81 25:0. 2.98 7.8 -1.72 2.03 1.26 •95 -:82 33 .52 .11 •, 8
10 10.52 147.0 6:02 38.0 3.72 11,7 2.14 3.05 1.57 '1.43'1.02 50 . .65 ..17 .45 .07 10
_ - - rtrr�
12 7.22 53.0 4.46 16.4 -2.57_ 4.3 1.89 2.01.1.23 ,79 :.78 .23 w .54 .10 .. • • 12 • t t i
15 9.02 80.0 5.60 25.0 3.21.• 6.5 2.36 3.00 1.53 1.08 _98 _36 _68 .15 15 a,t_,-,
. 18 10.84 108:2 •6.69 •35,0 3.86 9.1 2.83 4.24 1.84 1.49 1.18 .50 .82 .21 18. @
20 : • 12_03 136.0 7_44, 42:0 4.29 11.1 3:15.5.20 2:04'1.82•1.31 ,61 .91 •25 •51 ,06 • '20 k 5
25 ' , 9.30:. 64,0. 5.36 -16:6 3780 7.30 2:55 2,73 1.63 ' 92 1:13 :38 .64 :09 • 25 ,
30 - • 1I:15 89.0 6.43 ':23:0 4:72 11 0 06 3:84 L96 1_29 •1.36 •:54 -.77- •13 .49 •,04 • 30
35- 13.02 119:0 7:51:. 31. .2 5.51 14.7 3.57.5.10:;2.29 1:72'1.59 .71 -..89 .17 ..67 .06_ NY0ti
• 35 .4
h
40. 14.88 152.0 •8.58. 40:0'6.30 18:8.4.0B 6.6 2.61,2.20 1.82. .91 1.02 :22 1 .65 ,08::=-...,.,. •40 • s.
4955- 9:65 50.0 7.08 23.2.4.60._ 8.2.2 94'2:80 2 04,1_15.1.15 .28 ,73 .09..'... „ 45 iz
10.72 `60.0 7.87 28.4•5,11 .9.9 •3.27 3.32 "2.27-1.38 1.28 _34 .82 .11 •.57• _04'•• 50
55 - .. .. 11.78. 7250 8.66 34.0 5.62 11.8 3.69 4.01 2.45,1.58 1:41 .41 :90• :14 .62 .05 - 55
60
12:87' '85.0 :9_44:39.6 6.13 13.9 3.92 4.65 2.72 1.92 1.53 ._47 ..•_98 .16 .68 06 . 60 • 1
65 •• 13.92 99.7 10.23 45.9..664 16.1 A.29 .5.4 :2.89 2.16 i.66 53 1.06 _19. .74 '.076 • 653
• t v,4
70 :15.01'I13:0 1102 53.0 7.15 18.4 4.58 6.2 .3.I8 2.57 1.79 .:63.1.i4 .21 79 :.08 70
75: 16.06'129:0 1I.80 60.0 7.66 20.9 '4:91 7.1 3.33 3.00.1.91 _73 1':22_..24 - .85 .10 ' 75 •
80 17.16 145:0 12.59:68.0 8-,17'23.7 5-.23 . 7.9 3.63 3.28 2.04 .81::I:31 •:27 .•91 ..11 80 ' "•s�"=
• 85 18.21 163:8 13.38 75..0 8..68 26.6 5.56 8.1 .3.78 3'.54 2.17 .91 '1.39 •__31 :96 .12 - 85 - ,'W4
90 .. 19.30•180.0 14.71 .84.0-9.19 29.4 5.88- 9.8•-4.09 4.08 2.30 1.00 1.47 .34 I.02 • .14. ' 90 ` p 'A
• 95' • - :. 14:95 93:0.9.70 32:6 6:21 10.8 4.22 4.33 2.42 :1.12 1'.55.. .38 1.08.. .15 ' ' 95 ,
100. D 15:74 102.0 10.21`-35:8 6.54 12.0 4.54 4.96 2.55 1:22 1.63 .41 1.13 .17 -100
110 PIPE; : ...17.31 122.0 11:23 42.9 7:18 -14:5 5.00 ':6.0 2.81.1,46 1.79'• .49 1'.25 . .21 .110
.' 120 • • 18,89 143.0 12.25 50.0 7.84 16:8'S-_45 • 7.0-3.06 1.17'1.96 _58 1,36 .24 - 120 5 ti
20.46 166.0 13:28.'58.0 8.48 18.7 5.91 ' 8.1 3.31 1.97 2.12 • ,67 1.47 •.27 130. , c4:'
1140 ' .90 ...08 • 22.04.190.014.30 67:0 9.15 22.3 6.35 •9_2 3.67 2.28 2.29:'.:76 1.59- _32., 140 :s_.g
' 150 .96 : .09 •- 15.32 76.0 9.81 25.5 6:82 10.5 3.82 2:62 2.45, .88 1.70 .36 -150 ,•i
•160 1.02 .10. . • • 16.34 86.0 10.46 29.0'7.26 11.8 4.0S '2.91 '2.61 _98 1:82 .40, I60 a4
170 1.08 . .11 1 ►l ..17.36 96.0 11:11 34.1 7.71 13.3 4.33 3.26 2.77 I:08 1:92 .45 • 170• �'`1
180 '1.15. ' ':13 Iu PIPE;; ' 18.38 107.'0 11.76 35.7 .8.17-14.0'4.60 3.61 2.94 1.22 2.04 .50 'I80 4 i
190: 1:21 14
19.40 118.0 12.42 '59.6 8.63 15.5 4184 4_01 2_10.1.35 _2:16 .55 :190
200 1:28 .15 • ' 20.42 129.0 13_07 .45:1 9.08'17.8 '5.11 4.4 3:27 1.48 2.27 `.62" -200 w
0 1,40; ..IS . .90 06 22:47 154.0 14,38 52.0 9.99,21.3 5.62 5.2 3_59.1.77 2_50 . .73 220 r,:i. ,
-=
0• 1.53 '.22• .98 • .07 ...24.51 282.0 15.69 61.0 I0.89 25.1 6.13 6:2 3_92 2:08•2.72• ,87 240'
�0 1466• .25. 1.06 .08 26:55 211.0 16.99 70.0 11.80 29.1 6_64 •7.2 4 25 -2.41 2 95 1.00 260 i
280. 1.79 28 1.15 09
18.30 81 0 12 71 53.4 7.15 8 2 4 58 2 77 0 18 1.14' •280 $.,A
.-: . :.:•: 19:61'•••92:0 13:62°38=0.7':66 -9.3:4 90-3':14 3 40 'h321: 300
300 "l 9Y`.`r>'82 122 .':11 ::.: �... .,c... ..: . .......... ....
320 2.05 .37 1 31 :12 /J 20.92 103.0 14:52 42.8 8.17 10.5 5.23•3.54 a 64 1.47 320 k
340 2.18 .41 1.39 : .14 12. P 11 1.. -...22.22 116.0 15.43 47.9 8.68 11.7 5.54"3.97 3.84 .1.62 •340 < ,r
360 2.30 45 1.47 I5 tI. spy 23.53 128:016.34 55_0 9.19 13.1 5.87. 4.41 4 08:1 83-• 360
14 PIPE 24.84 142.0 17.25 59.0 9_69 .14.0 6.19 4.86 4.51 .2 00 -' 380 ;r
400 2.60 •54 1.63 .19 1.14 •079 b
400 2.60 .54 L63 .19' '1.14• .075 .. 26:14 156.0 18.16 65.0 10.21 16.0 6.54 5:4 4 55 2:20 �40D �,�
450. 2.92 ..68 1.84 ...23' 1.28 .95' : • ...,. . 20.40 78_0 11.49 19.8 7.35 6.7 5.11.'2.74 450 t.ry, _i
500 3.19 .82 2.04'. .28 1.42 -.113 1.04 .06 22_70•98.0 12.77 24.0..8.17 8.1:5.68 2:90' 500.• '.
550 -.3.52 '.97 :2.24 .33' 1,56 .135 1.15 -.07 24.961.17.014_04 28.7 8.99 9:6 6.25 '3.,96: .550 y Yn
w�S
600- .3.84 1,14 2.45 . _39 1.70 t159 1.25- ':08 - 27..23 137.0 15.52 33:7:9 80 11.3'6.81..4.65 600. n''-9
434
650 4.16 1.34 2:65 :45 1:84 19 ,1:37 .09 16.59 39.0 10.62 13.2 7.38 5.40 .650 Ii:,
• 700 4.46'. .1.54 2.86 ..52 1.99. .22: 1.46 •10 1p• 17_87 44.9 11.44 15.1 7.95 6.21 700 a
800 4':80 1.74• 3.26 ",66 2.13.2T .27• 1.67 . 13 1. 16."-P IPE '20.42 57:5 0 13 07 '19_4 9.08':7.96 -800 t
• 800 5:10 1_90; 3 26 66 2,41
• 856• -5.48, •2.20 3 47' 75 2:41 ':31 •1.79. 14• - 1:36 •.08 9 tD 21_70 64 0 13 89 21.7 9.65 8 95 . 850 �
• - 900 5.75 2.46 •3 67 83 2.66 .34 1 88 16 1.44 .084 'U"P 1PE �- 22.98 71 014 71 •24.0 10.20 10 I1 900 • ;
950 6.06 2.87 3.88 91 2.70 38 2 00 18 1:52 ,.095 ' .._.. 15 52 26:7 10.77 11.20 950
1000• 6:38 2.97. 4.08. •1.03 2.84 .41 2.10 _19 1.60 •.10: I.02 .04 • ' .:16 34.29.2 11:34 12 04 . 1000'.' Sift
' 1100. 7.03 3:62 -4.49 1.19` 3.13 :49 2:31.. ..23 ,1:76 '.12 1.12 '.04• .....17.97'34.9 12.48 14 65 `1100,
1200: `7.66 4.17,' 4:90 1.40 3:41 58 2.52 .27 1.92 ;14 1.23 .05 ..... 19 61 40:9 13_61 17 140 1200 - • -3
1300. ,8:30 '4.85 5 31' =1 62 3.69 67. 2:71 32, 2.08 .17 1.33 '.06 q - r._: 14'72 8 1300 a
1400 8.95 5.50 5 71 1 87 3.98 _78 2 92 36 2.24 19• 1 43 .064 L4pI 1PE • ' -•:•: 15:90 22 60 :1400
1500`: 9:58 :6:24 6 12 '2 13 -4;26 :89= 3 16.:•'--.41. 2:39 :21 "1 53 07:.:... • . 17.02 25 60 1500:' 30
1600:10.21 .7.00 6.53. 2 39 4:55 98 3 34 :.47. 2.66 .24 .1,63 :08 ...... .:_.. n 18.10 26.9 1600 a r,
1800. 11.50- .8.78 :7.35 •-2,95 5.11 1.21' _3.75 .58- 2.87 :30 .1.84 :10 1_28 .04 30 PIPE. • • • ...., ..,.. 1800..• -
2000 12:78-10.71 8.16: 3.59 "5.68 .1:49 4.17 ..71 "3'.19 •37.. 2.04 .12 1.42 _.05. - • • • 2000 �'v
-2200'. 14.05:12.78. 8.98. .4..24 6:25 1.81•'4:59 -.84' ,3:51 ..44 .2.25• .15 '1:56,.06•- .
2200 • »
2400.15:32 14 2: 9 80 `5 04 .6 -0 2.08 5 0_ 99 3:83 52: 2.45 .17, 1 70-•_07 1.09,.02 2400 -sz
• _:.2600 -' 10:61 -5 81 7.38.- 2.43 5.47- 1 17` 4.15 60. .2 66 :20' 1 84 .,08. 1:16 :027 .2600.2800 • 11.41' "6 70.:7:95 :2.75- 5:84 1.32 4,47 .68 2 86 23• 1 98 •:09 1_27 ,03 •
2
• -3000_- 12.24',,.7.62 :8.52. 3.15 6.01 1-.49• :-4:79••78•':3 08 27'. 2 13 :10 1:37. 037`. 00 • y�
3200. _13:05, '7:8 9.10 3::51 •6.68. 1.67 .6':12•.88" .3.27 .30 2:26 ::12-. 1.46 :041
3500, 14.30 10.08' :9.95- 4:16• 7.30 1.97•.5:59 1:04. 3.59 .35 2.49:.14• 1.56 047 . • 3500 -
• 3800' •• •_: .:_16 61`13 4 10.80 4:90 7 98.2 36 6.07 1:20_ -3 88 .41 2.69.'.17 1:73 05 r
4200 .11:92 5,88 8:76 2 77 6.70 1:44 4 29:.49 2 99 .20• •1.91 07 .• • 4200
4500 .12:78. 6:90 9.45 3 22 7.18 1.64.:4.60.:56. 3 20 .,22 2 04 08 .4500. s '.
rr00p. '14:20.. -8.40•10:50.'3.92 8:01 2:03 5.13 ,.68] 3.641:27. .2.26 09 5000 •ryw
5500' .,•:. :... .11.55- 4 65'' 8:78 2:39 -5.64 '.82' 3 90•_33 ,2.50 11 N•,
6000. . • 12.60: 5_50 9:58 2.79 6:13 :94 4 25 t38 2.73 13
-- 136b 645 1039332:: 6.641'10 461 •-:45 2'96 15.
b000 .t
6500 r<1
" I0 ::.. .:14.60 7 08 1518 3.7 7 1b 1s25 4 97.,52: 33:18 .
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- 14.37 5 90 9:20 2.01,. :6.35-:81•_4:08•_28:
. :.:...I5:96 7 19.. 10 2I1244•'7.07.,98' .4:54 .33:' .�A-:• �-
9000
12000 1 I2000'.
......::.:... , . : . ..'.: ".,.. .2 25 3:41. •$501:40: ,b.4b..48 -4�•>�
.' - r}
14000. ...T4 304 64. 9 951.8470 6 37 63
• ,.Il 38 2, • 7 28 81 14000 r$
16000 10000„
• . - 12 76 2:97 8`I81 02
18000 • 14.20 3:60 .9.10 1:23 '
20000 200D0 '3 'x

Section VORTEX Page 509 -
Dated APRIL 2000
Specifications VORTEX Superesdes SEPTEMBER 1993
n)
•
• 4" SUBMERSIBLE ERSIBLE SEWAGE PUMPS
RECESSED IMPELLER
•
1.01 •GENERAL - 0) •
A. Contractor shall furnish all labor,materials equipment and incidentals required to provide S 4 1 riLCnon-clog
submersible centrifugal sewage pumps as specified herein.
2.01 OPERATING CONDITIONS
A. Each pump shall be rated 1 H.P., 4 jv 0 volts, '3 phase, (0 D hertz,
• I 1 S 0 R.P.M.The unit shall produce 3 a o U.S.GPM at 2.0 feet TDH,with a minimum
• • pump efficiency of '3* %and maximum input KW of '1 .0 KW.The pump shall be capable of
handling a 3"spherical solid. The pump shall be non-overloading throughout the entire range of operation
without employing service factor.The pump shall reserve a minimum service factor of 1.20.The performance
curve submitted for approval shall state in addition to head and capacity performance,the pump efficiency,solid
handling capacity and reflect motor service factor.
3.01 CONSTRUCTION
A. Each pump shall be of the sealed submersible type,model S4 M L as manufactured by Hydromatic Pumps,
Inc. The pump volute, motor and seal housing shall be high quality gray cast iron,ASTMA 48, class 30.
The pump shall be fitted with a 4"standard ASA 125 lb.flange,faced and drilled.All external mating parts shall
r i be machined and Buna N Rubber 0-ring sealed on a beveled edge. Gaskets shall not be acceptable.
All fasteners exposed to the pumped liquids shall be 300 series stainless steel. .
•
3.02 ELECTRICAL POWER CORD
A. Electrical power cord shall.be STW A,water resistant 600V,60 degrees C.,UL and CSA approved and applied
dependent on amp draw for size. •
B. The pump shall be triple protected with a compression fitting and two epoxy potted areas at the power cord entry
to the pump.A separation between the junction box area of the pump and the motor by a stator lead sealing
gland or terminal board shall not be acceptable.
C. The power cable entry into the cord cap assembly shall first be made with a•compression fitting. Each
individual lead shall be stripped down to bare wire at staggered intervals,and each strand shall be individually
separated. This area of the cord cap shall then be fitted with an epoxy compound which will prevent water
contamination to gain entry even in the event of wicking or capillary attraction.
D. The power cord leads shall then be connected to the motor leads with extra heavy connectors having brass
inserts with a screwed wire to wire connection,rather than a terminal board that allows for possible leaks.
E. The connection box wiring shall be separated from the motor housing by stripping each lead down to bare wire,
at staggered intervals,and separating each strand.This area shall be filled with an epoxy compound potting.
Fiberglass terminal boards which are subject to heat fatigue and cracking,and which may lead to possible leaks
shall not be acceptable. .
F. The cord cap assembly where bolted to the connection box assembly and the connection box assembly where
bolted to the motor housing shall be sealed with a Bum N Rubber 0-ring on a beveled edge to assure proper
sealing.• .
•
•
®ROMAT C'

Section VORTEX Page 510
Dated DECEMBER 2002 •
Supersedes APRIL 2000 •
•
3.03 MOTOR
A. The stator,rotor and bearings shall be mounted in a sealed submersible type housing.The stator windings shall
have Class F insulation,and a dielectric oil filled motor,NEMA B design.Further protection shall be provided
by on winding thermal sensors.Because air-filled motors do not dissipate heat as efficiently as oil-filled motors,
air-filled designs shall not be acceptable.
B. The pump and motor shall be specifically designed so that they may be operated partially or completely
submerged in the liquid being pumped.The pump shall not require cooling water jackets.Dependence upon,or
use of water jackets for supplemental cooling shall not be acceptable.
C. Stators shall be securely held in place with a removable end ring and threaded fasteners so they may be easily
removed in the field without the use of heat or a press.Stators held by a heat shrink fit shall not be acceptable.
Stators mist be capable of being repaired or rewound by local motorservice station. Units which require
service only by the factory shall not be acceptable.No special tools shall be required for pump.and motor
disassembly.
D. Pump shall be equipped with heat sensors. The heat sensor shall be a low resistance, bimetal disc that is
temperature sensitive.It shall be mounted directly on the stator windings and sized to open at 120 degrees C.
and automatically reset at 30-35 degrees C. differential.The sensors shall be connected in series with motor
starter coil and the starter shall be equipped with 3 leg overload heaters so all normal overloads are protected
by the starter.
3.04 BEARINGS AND SHAFT •
A. An upperradial bearing,and a lower thrust bearing shall be required.These shall be heavy-duty single row ball
bearings which are permanently lubricated by the dielectric oil which fills the motor housing. Double row,
sealed grease packed bearings shall not be acceptable. Bearings which require lubrication according to a
prescribed schedule shall not be acceptable.The upper radial bearing shall have a minimum B-10 life at the
specified condition of S%,oao hours and the lower thrust bearing shall have a minimum B-10 life at the
specified condition of yoj 000 hours.Bearing shall be locally available.
B. The shaft shall be machined from a solid 303 stainless steel forging and be a design which is of large diameter
• with minimum overhang to reduce shaft deflection and prolong life.
3.05 SEALS -
A. The pump shall have two mechanical seals, mounted in tandem, with an oil chamber between the seals.
John Crane type 21,seals shall be used with the rotating seal faces being carbon and the stationary seal faces to
be ceramic.The lower seal shall be replaced without disassembly of the seal chamber and without the use of
• special tools.Pump-out vanes shall be present on the backside of the impeller to keep contaminates out of the
seal area. Units which require the use of tungsten:carbide seals or foreign manufactured seals shall not be
acceptable.Seal shall be locally available.
B. The pump shall be equipped with a seal leak detection probe and warning system.This shall be designed to alert
maintenance personnel of lower seal failure without having to take the unit out of service for inspection or
requiring access for checking seal chamber oil level and consistency.
The electric probe or seal failure sensor shall be installed in the seal chamber between the two tandem
mechanical seals.If the lower seal fails, contaminants which enter the seal chamber shall be detected by the
sensor and send a signal to the specified warning device.Units equipped with opposed mechanical seals shall
not be acceptable.

Section VORTEX Page 511
Dated APRIL 2000
Supersedes FEBRUARY 1995
•
•
3.06. IMPELLER
A. Impeller shall be of the multi-vane,recessed non-clogging design and have pump-out vanes on the backside of
the impeller to prevent grit and other materials from collecting in the seal area.Single vane design impellers
which cannot be easily trimmed and which do not maintain balance with wear causing shaft deflections and
reduce seal and bearing life are not acceptable. Impeller shall not require coating. Because most impeller
• coatings do not remain beyond the very early life of the impeller, efficiency and other performance data
• submitted shall be based on performance with an uncoated impeller.Attempts to improve efficiency by coating
impeller shall not be acceptable.
• B. Impellers shall be dynamically balanced. The tolerance values shall be listed below according to the
• International Standard Organization grade 6.3 for rotors in rigid frames.
RPM _ I TOLERANCE
3500 .01 in.-oz./lb.of impeller weight
1750 -.02 in.-oz./lb.of impeller weight
1150 .026 in.-oz./lb.of impeller weight
870 I .03 in.-oz./lb.of impeller weight
C. A 400 series stainless steel washer and impeller bolt shall be used to fasten the impeller tothe shaft.Straight
end shafts for attachment of the impeller shall not be acceptable.
3.07 CASING
A. The casing shall be of the recessed impeller,end suction volute type having sufficient strength and thickness to
`. withstand all stress and strain from service at full operating pressure and load. The casing shall be of the
centerline discharge type equipped with an automatic pipe coupling arrangement for ease of installation and
piping alignment.The design shall be such that the pumps will be automatically connected to the discharge
piping when lowered into position with the guide rails.The easing shall be accurately machined and bored for
register fits with the suction and casing covers. 0
3.08 SERVICEABILITY •
A. The complete rotating assembly shall be capable of being removed from the volute without disturbing the
suction piping,discharge piping,and volute.The motor housing,seal housing with seal plate and impeller still
attached to the shaft shall be capable of being lifted out of the volute case from the top as one assembly.
3.09 SUPPORT
•
A. Though the pump may not require feet to support the unit while installed,the pump volute must have feet to
support the unit when removed for service.Units which do not have feet upon which the unit can be supported
when removed for service shall not be acceptable.
• 4.01 TESTING
A. Commercial testing shall be required and include the following: •
1. The pump shall be visually inspected to confirm that it is built in accordance with the specification as to the
• HP,voltage,phase and hertz.
2. The motor seal and housing chambers shall be meggered for infinity to test for content or insulation defects.
3. Pump shall be allowed to run dry to check for proper rotation.
4. Discharge piping shall be attached,the pump submerged in water and amp readings shall be taken in each
leg to check for an imbalanced stator winding. If there is a significant difference in readings, the stator
11 windings shall be checked with a bridge to determine if an imbalance exists. If so, the stator shall be •
replaced.
Ii II HYDROMAT C

•
Section VORTEX Page 512
•
Dated APRIL 2000 •
Superesdes FEBRUARY 1995 •
•
•
5. The pump shall*be removed from the water, meggered again, dried and the motor housing filled with
dielectric oil.
B. (OPTIONAL)In addition to the above commercial testing,a special megger test shall be preformed and include
the following:
1. The pump shall be submerged in water and allowed to run at maximum load for 30 minutes.
2. A written report on the above shall be prepared by the test engineer,certified and submitted to the engineer.
C. (OPTIONAL)A hydrostatic test shall also be preformed on the pump.The hydrostatic test shall require that the
volute and impeller be removed and a fixture installed to hold the spring and lower mechanical seal in place.
A double plate,gasket and through-bolt shall be installed on the pump.A discharge mating flange,gasket and
pressure fitting shall be installed. The inlet port,volute and discharge nozzle shall then be.pressurized with
water to 150%of the maximum pump shut off pressure.This hydrostatic pressure shall be maintained for at
least 5 minutes and the housing checked for leaks and/or loss of pressure.
D. (OPTIONAL)A non-witnesses Hydraulic Institute performance test shall be performed.This shall include the •
following.
1. The pump shall be tested at the design point as well as at least 4 other points to develop a curve.Data shall
be collected to plot the head-capacity curve as well as KW input and amperage curve.
2. In making these test,no minus tolerance or margin shall be allowed with respect to capacity,total head or
efficiency at the specified design conditioner.Pump shall be held within a tolerance of 10% of the rated
capacity or at rated capacity with 5%of rated head.The pump shall be tested at shut-off,but not be plotted, ;
and only used as a reference point when plotting the performance curve.
3. Complete records shall be kept of all information relevant to the test, as well as the manufacturer's serial •
number,type and size of pump,as well as any impeller modifications made to meet the design conditions.
4. A written test report shall be prepared, signed and dated by the test engineer incorporating 3 curves
(head-capacity,KW input,_and amperage)along_with the pump serial number,test number,date speed,volts, •
phase,impeller diameter,and certification number.This report shall then be submitted to the engineer.
5.01 WARRANTY •
A. The pump unit or any part thereof shall be warranted against defects in material or workmanship within one
• year from date of installation or 18 months from date of.manufacture, whichever comes first, and shall be
replaced at no charge with a new or remanufactured part,F.O.B.factory or authorized warranty service station.
The warranty shall not assume responsibility for'removal, reinstallation, or freight, nor shall it assume
responsibility of incidental damages resulting from the failure of the pump to perform.The warranty shall not
apply to damage resulting from accident;alteration,design,misuse or abuse.
•
•
•
•
poo . HYDROINIATIO

•
v Section VORTEX Page 107
_- Dated SEPTEMBER 1993
,�„�, S4MRC/ 4MVX•
•
If� '1i ` RPM: 1750 Discharge: 4" Solids: 3"
28-
90 . .
•
24- 80- ' 0 _. ,
- %� L4o%
•
70 \ IR ft%
20- a69, Ilk� 49%
i
60'8�4PkIII \ , `.
01., • ,
S8; % �, *% ix ,
1
c / , %16- P/A.
�50 - 49% . \-
•
12- 40-s,i� '\ \ . 15% •
30%
. 24 ��.� 15
BHP
•
10 ` \ 10
•. •.\ \• BHP
5 • 17-1/2
0 _ BHP BHP .
U.S.GPM 0 • 100 200 300 400 • 500 600 700 800
M 3/HR 30 60 90 . ' 120 150 180 •
-,•,___-,` The curves reflect maximum performance characteristics without exceeding full load(Nameplate)horsepower.All pumps
• have a•service factor of 1.2.Operation is recommended in the bounded area with operational paint within the curve limit. '
Performance curves are based on actual tests with clear water at 70°F.and 1280 feet site elevation. •
Conditions of Service: i ,
GPM:300 • .TDH: 2.6" • Il HYDROMAATIC6

•
Section VORTEX Page 204
Dated APRIL 2000 Dimensional
cgtttRCIS4AVt.
Superesdes SEPTEMBER 1993 a {
•
• lE
•
•
•
•
•
' D O
•
-
1
•
•
A
'- ri -i DISCHARGE FLANGE_
4.125#FLG.
it
I - 27J
-
S4MV%ilhulrated aim • •
•
A B C D E F G H 1 •
--� S4MRC 33-3/8 13 19 6-1/2 12-1/2 6-1/2 6-1/2 3-1/4 6-1/2
S4MVX 37-3/4 13 - 19 6-1/2 12-1/2 6-1/2 6-1/2 3-1/4 6-1/2
AIL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
NOTE UM DIMENSIONS MAYYART*1/8` •
HYD RO M A►T1C

•
Section VORTEX Page 407
Technical }: Dated DECEMBER 2002
Supersedes APRIL 2000
•
•
MODEL: S4MRC ® Standard Recessed-impeller Sewage Pumps •
Physical Data:
DISCHARGE SIZE 4"
SOLIDS SIZE 3"
IMPELLER TYPE BALANCED,RECESSED, 8 VANE, SEMI-OPEN VORTEX
CABLE LENGTH 30'STANDARD
50'OPTIONAL .
PAINT PAINTED AFTER ASSEMBLY. DARK GREEN,WATER REDUCIBLE
ENAMEL,ONE COAT,AIR DRIED.
Temperature:
MAXIMUM LIQUID 140°F • •
MAXIMUM STATOR 311°F •
OIL FLASH POINT 390°F
HEAT SENSOR Open: 257°F MAX./239°F MIN.
Closed: 194°F MAX./119°F MIN. •
Technical Data:
POWER CORD TYPE STW-A WATER RESISTANT 600V,60°C
SENSOR CORD TYPE 16-4 STW-A WATER RESISTANT 600V,60°C, 10 AMPS
MOTOR HOUSING CAST IRON ASTM A-48 CLASS 30
0 p
O CASING CAST IRON- ASTM A-48 CLASS 30
U IMPELLER CAST-IRON ASTM A-48 • CLASS 30
CASING WEAR RING N/A
rx
° MOTOR SHAFT 416 STAINLESS STEEL
a 0 HARDWARE 300 SERIES STAINLESS STEEL •
"O"RINGS BUNA N
MECHANICAL SEALS.
Standard: UPPER AND LOWER CARBON/CERAMIC/BUNA-N,TYPE 21
• Optional: LOWER TUNGSTEN CARBIDE/TUNGSTEN CARBIDE/BUNA-N,TYPE 21
• UPPER BEARING (RADIAL) SINGLE ROW—BALL
LOWER BEARING (THRUST) SINGLE ROW—BALL
•
• gad HYDROMAT1C'

,,f, i-,�°" = Section VORTEX Page 305
E edr €€➢ € : `JY Dated DECEIVER 2002
41T'RC S 1 �f P Supersedes MAY2001
4 ;ter •
MODEL: VS4M1M & S4MVX-Recessed impeller Sewage Pump •
R.P.M. V 1750
MOTOR.TYPE ENCLOSED,OIL COOLED INDUCTION,VFD SUITABLE
MOTOR DESIGN NEMA TYPE B (30) L(10) . .. •
GENERAL INSULATION CLASS • H .
STATOR WINDING CLASS • H • •
MAXIMUM STATOR TEMPERATURE 311°F • •
MOTOR PROTECTION BI-METALLIC,TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE DISC,
• • SIZED TO OPEN AT 120°C AND AUTOMATICALLY
RESET @ 30-35°C DIFFERENTIAL,ONE IN
• SINGLE PHASE,TWO IN THREE:PHASE.
ELECTRICAL RATINGS HEAT 24VDC . 115VAC •230VAC
SENSOR : 5AMPS - 5AMPS 5AMPS •
SEAL FAIL 300VAC 5mA
• VOLTAGE TOLERANCE *10% V
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200 V 18• .9 21.1 147 ' . '
5.0 •
230 3 M 1.2 16.4 18.4 128 4.8 51 6.6 .80 .78 .73 .67 .77 .73 .66 .58
460 8.2 9.2 64
575 6.6 7.3 51.2
7.5 230 1 D 1.2 37 . 45 • 7.3 31.5 7.4 .77 .77 .75 • .67 .98 .98 .97 .92
.-299% 25.2 29.5 147 •
7. 460 ## #5 • 230. 3 H 1.2 21.9 . 128
'"> , 7.0 51 8.8 .80 .80 •79 .73 .82 .80 ..76 .66
12 2.8 64
'S ' 8.8 10.3' 51.2
200 33.9 39.9 186 - • '
•
10 -230 3 H 1.2 29.4 34.7 162 9.3 64.5 11.7 .80 .81 .79 .75 .81 .79 .75 .66
460 14.7 17.3 81
575 11.8 13.9 65 •
200 - • 50.8 60.9 267
15 230 3 G 1.2 442 53 232 13.7 92.5 17.6 .80 .82 .81 .79 .80 .78 .71 .60
460 _ 22.1 26.5 116
575 17.7 21.2 92.8
•
i f !Y®ROMATIC° .

r rSub1.mersibies Non-Clo P:u f
ps
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•
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Pentair Pump Group
Page-11

ti
;,.. .,,... ..yc r . 3
L 14 "cam L .+''•. ..�. S rt 4 1 Y i3•
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;.. Submersible) Non-CI00Roirt A V
• : , P
'fit
•
I •
/ FLAME-PROOF JOINTS - Flame-proof Recessed impeller Option
joints have 1 1/4" flame paths. These close
tolerance joints prevent any internal spark HYDROMATIC pumps are available with. _
or fire from escaping into the environment. recessed impellers which are virtually impossible
, to clog and they perform up to shut-off head
•
MOTOR HOUSING -The explosion-proof • without damage.
housing wall is thicker throughout the case •
to give you extra containment capability. • Recessed impeller
HEAVY DUTY BEARINGS - Hydromatic , u. , 5:
7 pumps provide you heavy duty bearings x�:; .z/ J t11 (t -;;1 , ,,
(minimum B-10 life of 50,000 hours)for long , ,-, s 14K }ti .r
-0 xis .
pump life. ,i ` , i;�a; ; • 3 t s ;
•2 MOISTURE SENSORS - Two moisture • ' ` r
�--- -. sensors in the oil chamber provide extra
security. The sensors are electrically Recessed impeller pumps are ideal for a
isolated and made with stainless steel broad range of sewage and special waste handling
,r-- connections and stainless steel probes. situations including high head and low flows and
v where large solids are present.
LABYRINTH JOINT-The special labyrinth The recessed impeller creates a liquid vortex in
joint gives you added protection by the volute which directs all spherical solids, slurry,
preventing flame or spark travel to the sludge, grit, stringy or fibrous material through the
media being pumped. pump without clogging. The pumps are virtually
. • impossible to clog.
s• Flame-proof
• + sR ` F. r'j�- a
( r 'k 12:7 i s < '
Joints
f 1i t � }t
r � i Recessed ed
= y
Ti � �
- r • Impeller
t
1Z `=' -`7', You can also order the Explosion-proof HYDROMATIC
pump with the recessed impeller that's virtually impossible
---` ;, ” , to clog.
-•
•
•
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•(i) N yi'; .
•
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aai` •
4
Pentair Pump Group
•
' Page 9

USDA
United States
Department of
Agriculture
4v
ARCS
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Yancey County,
North Carolina
FOX MINE SIDE

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect,or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.The information.
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil
Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.)should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at(202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call [phone]
• (voice) or(202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
• employer.
•
• . 2 •

Contents
Preface 2
Soil Map 4
Soil Map 5
Legend
6
Map Unit Legend 7
Map Unit Descriptions 7
Yancey County, North Carolina Version date:1/31/2008 5:04:25 PM 10
BdA—Bandana sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded 10
BmA—Biltmore sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded 11
BtF—Buladean-Chestnut complex, 50 to 95-percent slopes, stony 11
DeA—Dellwood-Reddies complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded 13
EcE—Evard-Cowee complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony 14
NkA—Nikwasi sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded 15
(� RoA—Rosman fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded 17
ScC—Saunook sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony 17
Uc—Udifluvents, sandy-skeletal, frequently flooded 18
UsB—Unison loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes 19
W—Water 20
•

•
SOIL Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are Various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
•

•
•
Custom Soil RE� •
ce Report ( ,
Soil [.,4.__...
•
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374500 374600 •
374700•
374800 374900 375000 375100 375200 3751300
N Meters
•
0 50 100 200 300
Feet
•
0 • 300 600 1,200 1,800

Custom Soil Re" 'ce Report
Leg.
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest(AOI) ii, Very Stony Spot Original soil survey map sheets were prepared at publication scale.
Area of Interest(AOI) Viewing scale and printing scale,however,may vary from the
- -•� y Wet spot original.Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for proper
soils
A. Other • map measurements.
71 Soil Map Units •
• Special Line Features
Special Point Features Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
WI Gully Web Soil SurveyURL: htt //websoilsurve nres.usda: ov
+;Li Blowout
P Y• 9
WI 'Short Steep Slope Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
Borrow Pit 'v'I
t. 5 Other
X Clay Spot • This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of
Political Features the version date(s)listed below.
+ Closed Depression
Municipalities
X Gravel Pit Q, Cities Soil Survey Area: Yancey County,North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 9,Jan 31,2008
Gravelly Spot r,t Urban Areas
Landfill Water Features Date(s)aerial images were photographed: 4/13/1992;4/12/1993
•
A Lava Flow g Oceans
Streams and Canals The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
• Marsh "'" compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
Mine or Quarry Transportation imagery displayed on these maps.As a result,some minor shifting
• e- -
� Rails of map unit boundaries may be evident.
• @ Miscellaneous Water3.425
• Roads
p Perennial Water „,yam Interstate Highways •
tv Rock Outcrop US Routes •
+ '' Saline Spot .;
kw State Highways
Sandy Spot Local Roads •
Severely Eroded Spot r' + Other Roads
.0. Sinkhole
Sx Slide or Slip
�{f Sodic Spot
Spoil Area
• Stony Spot

Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
'k'`` . 41:'- tY4t s4 {1 `1 'X2R 6'Ntit 'k's,.v, .y Y4' r .
k � 1, 4 � 1 " % s ifERS -kiX"1a it.h C; ;Ra NC199) A�,*" -ViaZi2 f �- *IK-:k
�.�tt � 'tic ���-�'�'��.d� � °.,� ,r '�-�3�'�1't.;t'�,
-q. s* Ma Un�f S robot Ma UmtName ate_ "
.,,,t ,411t,.app;: era.,��F�f„,,x'r fxR: s.lbt.?+ ?,: p el "` -�"'*4< or4esm:A04X+�. 'xxl i t may. Rercenf.ofi 1 45 YP
,<.,..-. ..... �s."'�r .,�.�3.�C`�'ti. � � . w.'�'
BdA Bandana sandy loam,0 to 3 0.0 0.1%
percent slopes,occasionally
flooded
BmA Biltmore sand,0 to 3 percent 21.4 33.7%
slopes,frequently flooded
BtF Buladean-Chestnut complex, 50 1.6 2.4%
to 95.percent slopes, stony
DeA Deliwood-Reddies complex,0 to 0.5 0.8%
3 percent slopes,occasionally
flooded
EcE Evard-Cowee complex, 30 to 50 0.0 0.0%
percent slopes,stony
NkA Nikwasi sandy loam, 0 to 3 0.9 1.4%
percent slopes,occasionally
flooded
RoA Rosman fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 18.0 28.3%
percent slopes,occasionally
flooded
•
ScC Saunook sandy loam,8 to 15 1.9 3.0%
percent slopes,stony
Uc Udifluvents,sandy-skeletal, 9.0 14.1%
frequently flooded
•
UsB Unison loam,2 to 8 percent I 0.0 0.1%
slopes
W Water
10.2 16.1%
Totals for Area of Interest(AOI) 63.71 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape,
however,the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas

•
•
Custom Soil Resource Report
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management.These are called contrasting,or dissimilar, components.They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in noway diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is.not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource•plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
. description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences'in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil, phase commonly
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
• areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses"of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern,and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. •
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
• •

Custom Soil Resource Report
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
•
•
•
9

. Custom Soil Resource Report
Yancey County, North Carolina Version date:1/31/2008
5:04:25 PM
BdA—Bandana sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation:45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
• Bandana, drained, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Description of Bandana, Drained
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting
textural stratification
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 12 to 30 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional •
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low (about 5.0 inches)
•
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 3w
Typical profile
0 to 8 inches: Sandy loam
8 to 37 inches: Sandy loam
37 to 80 inches:Very gravelly sand
Minor Components
Ela, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave •
Across-slope shape: Concave
•
• 10

•
Custom Soil Resource Report
l
BmA—Biltmore sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation:45 to 70 inches •
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Biltmore and similar soils: 80 percent •
Minor components: 5 percent
•
Description of Biltmore
Setting
Landform: Natural levees on flood plains
Parent material: Sandy alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained •
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr) •
Depth to water table:About 42 to 72 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low(about 5.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated):4w •
Typical profile
0 to 12 inches: Sand
12 to 80 inches: Loamy fine sand
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
• Across-slope shape: Concave
BtF—Buladean-Chestnut complex, 50 to 95 percent slopes,
• stony
Map Unit Setting
•Elevation:.1,800 to 4,800 feet
• Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 54 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
•
Map Unit Composition ,
Buladean, stony, and similar soils: 50 percent •
• 11

Custom Soil Resource Report
Chestnut, stony, and similar soils:40 percent
Description of Buladean, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material:Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from biotite granitic gneiss and granodioritic gneiss
Properties and qualities
Slope: 50 to 95 percent.
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat):Very low to
high (0.00 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 7e
Typical profile
0 to 3 inches: Loam
3 to 26 inches: Loam •
26 to 50 inches: Coarse sandy loam
50 to 80 inches: Weathered bedrock
Description of Chestnut, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from biotite granitic gneiss and granodioritic gneiss
Properties and qualities
Slope: 50 to 95 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat):Very low to
high (0.00 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Very low (about 2.7 inches)
Interpretive groups .
Land capability(nonirrigated): 7e
Typical profile • .
0 to 2 inches: Loam
12

Custom Soil Resource Report
ram,
2 to 27 inches: Loam
27 to 80 inches: Weathered bedrock
DeA—Deliwood-Reddies complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes,
occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,300 to 3,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 42 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Deliwood, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 60 percent
Reddies, occasionally flooded, an.d similar soils: 30 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Description of Deliwood, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over cobbly and gravelly alluvium;
cobbly and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities •
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 8 to 20 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 48 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity:Very low (about 1.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 3s
Typical profile •
0 to 8 inches: Gravelly fine sandy loam
8 to 16 inches: Extremely gravelly sand
16 to 80 inches: Extremely gravelly coarse sand
Description of Reddies, Occasionally Flooded
Setting .
Landforrn: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear.
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over cobbly and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities .
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
13

Custom Soil Resource Report
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting
textural stratification
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 42 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low (about 3.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 2w
Typical profile
0 to 14 inches: Sandy loam
14 to 26 inches: Fine sandy loam
26 to 80 inches:Very gravelly sand
Minor Components
Ela, undrained
Percent of map unit:"5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
EcE—Evard-Cowee complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,400 to 4,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation:40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 110 to 176 days
Map Unit Composition
Evard, stony, and similar soils: 55 percent
Cowee, stony, and similar soils: 35 percent
Description of Evard, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from igneous and metamorphic
rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
• Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 0.1 percent
r Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
( Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately
high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
14

Custom Soil Resource Report
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: High (about 9.2 inches)
•
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 6e
Typical profile
0 to 3 inches: Loam
3 to 28 inches: Clay loam
28 to 55 inches: Loam
55 to 80 inches: Loam
Description of Cowee, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Down-slope shape: Convex •
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from gneiss and/or creep
deposits derived from gneiss
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to
high (0.00 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low (about 4.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 6e
Typical profile
0 to 6 inches: Gravelly fine sandy loam
6 to 30 inches: Gravelly loam
30 to 80 inches:Weathered bedrock
NkA—Nikwasi sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
�(" Nikwasi, drained, and similar soils: 55 percent
' Nikwasi, undrained, and similar soils: 20 percent •
15

Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Nikwasi, Drained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent •
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting
textural stratification
Drainage class:Very poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: Occasional
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated):4w
Typical profile
0 to 36 inches: Sandy loam
36 to 80 inches:Very gravelly sand
Description of Nikwasi,_Undrained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting
textural stratification
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: Occasional
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.1 inches) .
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 6w
•
Typical profile
0 to 36 inches: Sandy loam
36 to 80 inches:Very gravelly sand
•
16

Custom Soil Resource Report
•
RoA—Rosman fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes,
occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Rosman, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Description of Rosman, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
• to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 42 to 60 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 2w
Typical profile
0 to 10 inches: Fine sandy loam
10 to 59 inches: Fine sandy loam
59 to 80 inches: Fine sandy loam
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
•
• ScC—Saunook sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,500 to 4,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation:40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to.57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 150 days
17

•
Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Composition
Saunook and similar soils: 80 percent
• Description of Saunook
Setting
Landform: Coves on mountain slopes, drainageways on mountain
slopes, fans on mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent.
• Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained •
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately
high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: High (about 9.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 3e
Typical profile
0 to 8 inches: Loam
8 to 50 inches: Clay loam
50 to 80 inches: Fine sandy loam
Uc—Udifluvents, sandy-skeletal, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 46 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
•
Udifluvents, frequently flooded, and similar soils: 95 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Description of Udifluvents, Frequently Flooded
•
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope-shape: Convex
Across-slope shape:.Convex
Parent material: Recent sandy and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities •
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
18 •

Custom Soil Resource Report
Drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High to very
high (5.95 to 19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 42 to 60 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low.(about 4.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(non irrigated): 6s
Typical profile
0 to 80 inches: Sand
Minor Components
Aquents
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
UsB—Unison loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,350 to 3,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 46 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days •
Map Unit Composition
Unison and similar soils: 90 percent
Description of Unison
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Old alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
• Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately
high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding:.None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.6 inches)
Interpretive groups •
Land capability(nonirrigated): 2e
Typical profile
0 to 10 inches: Loam
• 19

Custom Soil Resource Report
10 to 49 inches: Clay
49 to 80 inches: Very gravelly clay loam
W—Water
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches
Map Unit Composition
Water: 100 percent
Description of Water
Setting
Parent material: Water
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 8w
•
• 20

1/10/07
Reclamation Plan for Contracted Projects
Waste Site
Date: ��,' ZelkileZ/4 eAc
Contract Number: 0 ZO Z/m7 TIP No: , 75 I f5
Project No/WBS Element: 0 544/5: 542.... County: \/4ir1di=GI
Contractor:.. )a�f/$,'44/ t! ge, Ail elArlesponsible Person: =54hr XVIII'
Contractor Address: 07,E e''gj/1 old i ei
�iPl3G���G�f� Aid z g 7/Sr
Property Owner: Zac1(if T 5l21$ 7N Phone Number: /7 /- * 5z5-
Property Owner Address: z c91 ,=5j,d p,j A b.
✓V1A2�1-‘4/I 1 AJ(i a 35 3 .
Property Address:
‘a4/./ L's/AO •
Total acreage of proposed site:
Expected depth of waste: / tilAI pf M4? i 4 iS /Gci II 11/142 wery'ifklegSS/Aq
Present use of land: }`age g AJ-IE7ici4J •
Proposed use after reclamation: .
co Ittitg
Expected type of waste th t will be placed in the site (examples: asphalt, concrete, soil, stone):
.. 17Pitig cry i1 h£ l,adtd o,u 4'1 /IE. ,t02 Q.>zcs 5Nik ,c u d
4)4-sek p;G ��2 t) sF e iv
Proposed sequence of placing waste (include proposed slope rate): __
�U
7�4E 4, .. rLrd►iT i�PP1 ito.-4T�z��.ti-+Iau.�S ,�' AR-as M,e 6 - :,,,e
• Aktd ,�AIN (V , ,'2 f�,7®ee-5•57v4
Borrow and Waste Site Reclamation Plan Procedures for Contracted Projects 14

1/10/07
Did the Environmental Evaluation indicate the presence of any wetlands or endangered species?(if
yes,briefly list findings and physical means by which area will be delineated): •
COo
Is any portion of the pit within a watershed with riparian buffer zone regulations? (if yes indicate
physical means by which buffer will be delineated and how diffuse flow will be maintained):
DSO .
Is the site adjacent to High Quality Waters as defined by the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources? (if yes, note how the devices have been designed to meet DENR requirements):
A.
Is a letter from the State Historic Preservation Office attached& conditions complied with? (check
one)
iv/DK_ 5066; t4YES ) NO ( )
Describe the intended plan for the reclamation and subsequent use of all affected lands, and indicate
the general methods to be used in reclaiming this land, including any stockpile areas, haul roads and
ditches. Describe the sequence for reclaiming the site. Attach a map illustrating this plan, showing
the location and design of all temporary and permanent erosion control devices. All features must
comply with the appropriate specifications, standards and reflect Best Management Practices (BMP).
The plan must indicate setbacks to adjacent properties, buffer zones 9.nd wetlands.
/-� MWE "Psiza T ,l1 (,tea m J �m� , s hi 5 -r" .& / u1-Jiiu,ttt d
Paz_ S f_ a P F �T 7 �� i2� ,9jud t -'C£55 Ali_
r Dot `ti\iL 4- DZ.£A a figs_ A AC AEd o
vz 1fi A P P cat,o�7
Describe the proposed schedule of permanent seeding and mulching. Detail the frequency of
permanent seeding and mulching. Note that a permanent stand of vegetation is required prior to a
final inspecti.,oln: nnAppl I ,
Itzl
Borrow and Waste Site Reclamation Plan Procedures for Contracted Projects - 15

1/10/07
Property Owner's Statement:
I hereby certify that I am in agreement with this development, use,
and reclamation plan, and any exceptions noted when approved by the
Engineer, and that I understand that I will be responsible for the site upon
completion of its use in the construction of the project noted in the map
legend. I understand that this plan, when approved, will serve as a guide in
controlling erosion and sediment in accordance with the Mining•Act and the •
Sediment and Pollution Control Act and as enforced by the North.Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). I understand
that any work exceeding the minimum necessary for compliance with DENR
requirements should be negotiated between the Engineer and the Property
Owner. My signature below authorizes The Department of Transportation
(DOT), the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) or
its agents, to enter upon my property for a period of one year from the date
of final acceptance for the project for which this site plan is executed. If
necessary, the DOT or its agents will be allowed to repair any areas that are
not in compliance with DENR requirements. After a one year inspections is
held, I will be solely responsible for assuring that the site is in compliance
with DENR regulations. I have the right to change the condition of the site •
after the final inspection and prior to the one year follow-up inspection. However,
if I make such changes, I acknowledge that DOT is released from all obligations
and conditions of this agreement and I will become solely responsible for the
condition of the site beginning on the date that I change the final inspection condition.
Signatures:
Contractor's Representative:
(authorized to sign up lemental agreements/date)
Owners of record:
Witness i O ner
9 'ice-� i 9/i9/c)
(signature/date) (si atur /date)
(signature/date) (signature/date)
•
(signature/date) (signature/date)
Resident Engineer:
(signature/date)
Borrow and Waste Site Reclamation Plan Procedures for Contracted Projects 16

•
Exceptions:
Concurrence with exceptions:
Property Owner: Contractor:
(signature/date) (signature/date)
Attachments: site map w/details •
• Environmental Evaluation . .
Cc:

Fox Mine Reclamation Site
Yancey County, Tip No. R-2518B
Contractor - Young & McQueen Grading Company, Inc.
Narrative
Project description
The Fox Mine Reclamation site will be used to store and process stone from the North
Carolina Department of Transportation project to widen and improve Highway 19E west
of Burnsville,North Carolina. The site is located on Whittington Road just off highway
19Wand is 12.5 acres in size. The site is now used for recreational purposed as a Mud
Sling and associated parking. The site will have an two entrances to Whittington Road
and will be developed according to the mine permit application that has been filed with
NCDENR,.Division of Land Quality(see portion of permit attached). The drainage
(runoff)will flow to the south where basins will remove sediment from the runoff before
it is discharged. The completed site will be at the same elevation as it is now. The
processing area will be 200 feet from the Cane River,which is a NCDENR,Division of
Water Quality, Trout Stream. Clean stone will be stored 100 feet from the river after
processing.
Site Description
The site is a flat river bottom along Whittington Road the borders the Cane River to the
south and other bottom land on the east and west. The site is currently used for a mud
sling and parking-for the events held there. The area along the Cane River is vegetated
with a variety of small scrub bushes and other natural vegetation. There are no signs of
significant erosion at the site other than the mud pit,which has internal drainage.
Adjacent Property
The land use in the area of the reclamation site is mixed with several residential homes in
the area, farmlands, and the Mud Sling and parking area. The Cane River borders the site
to the south, Whittington Road to the north and the east and west property owners are
Fox and Young.
Soils
A custom soil resource report from the USDA is attached.

•
USDA United States . A product of the National Custom Soil Resource
Department of Cooperative Soil Survey,
Agriculture a joint effort of the United Report for
OStates Department of
GCS Agriculture and other Yanceyeate County,
Natural agencies including the Resources Agricultural Experiment North caroi i n
Conservation Stations, and local
Service participants
FOX MINE •SITE
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i
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey.The Soil
Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture(USDA)prohibits discrimination in all its programs
• and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at(202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a
• complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S,W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call [phone]
(voice) or(202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
2

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\
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Preface
2
Soil Map
4
Soil Map ' 5
8
Legend
~
K8opUnitLegand 7
Map Unit Descriptions 7
Yancey County, North Carolina Version date:1/31/2OO85:O4:26PK0 10
BdA--Bondana sandy |oom. 0to3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
10
BmA�—Biltmona sand, Oto3 percent slopes, frequently flooded 11
BtF--Bu|odaan-Chootnut complex, 5OboS5 percent slopes, stony 11
De/�—DeUvvood-Reddieo complex, Oto3 percent slopes, occasionally '
flooded
13
EcE--Evand-Cowao complex, 3Oto6O percent slopes, stony 14
_ NkA,—Nibwasisondy |oam` Ohy3peroents|opas. 00caoiona||yfloddad 15
( . RoA--Rosman fine sandy loam, Oto3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded 17
8oC--8ounooh sandy loam, 8to15 percent slopes, stony 17
Uo--Udifluvonts. oandy-oke|eta|' frequently flooded 18
UaB--Unioon loam, 2to8 percent slopes 19
W-Water
20
�
3

Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
1
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•
Custom Soil F 'irce Report
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest(AOI) al Very Stony Spot Original soil survey map sheets were prepared at publication scale.
Area of Interest(AOI) If Wet Spot Viewing scale and printing scale,however,may vary from,the
original.Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for proper
Soils A Other • map measurements.
LD Soil Map Units
Special Line Features
Special Point Features Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
"',tea Gully
cd) Blowouta...a Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov
Short Steep Slope Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
Borrow Pit
Other
X Clay Spot This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of
Political Features the version date(s)listed below.
Closed Depression
Municipalities
X Gravel Pit I, Cities Soil Survey Area: Yancey County,North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 9,Jan 31,2008
Gravelly Spot ILA Urban Areas•
Landfill Water Features Date(s)aerial images were photographed: 4/13/1992;4/12/1993
Lava Flow Ly Oceans
Streams and Canals The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
Marsh compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
Mine or Quarry Transportation imagery displayed on these maps.As a result,some minor shifting
Rails of map unit boundaries may be evident.
© Miscellaneous Water
_Roads
® Perennial Water ,„y Interstate Highways
Rock Outcrop
US Routes
+ Saline Spot
,,,g State Highways
Sandy Spot "V Local Roads
Severely Eroded Spot Other Roads
{l Sinkhole
Slide or Slip _
,p" Sodic Spot
Spoil Area
,t) • Stony Spot

Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
,�`��'�ry,
4,Map Uri Symbol 4,? ;{ Map rut,Name `�1Ac esin A01 �x2 � Perc nt of AO1g'
BdA Bandana sandy loam,0 to 3 0.0 0.1%
percent slopes,occasionally
flooded
BmA Biltmore sand, 0 to 3 percent 21.4 33.7%
slopes,frequently flooded
BtF Buladean-Chestnut complex,50 1.6 2.4%
to 95 percent slopes,stony
DeA Dellwood-Reddies complex,0 to 0.5 0.8%
3 percent slopes,occasionally
flooded
EcE Evard-Cowee complex, 30 to 50 0.0 0.0%
percent slopes,stony
NkA Nikwasi sandy loam, 0 to 3 0.9 1.4%
percent slopes,occasionally
flooded
RoA Rosman fine sandy loam,0 to 3 18.0 28.3%
percent slopes,occasionally
flooded
ScC Saunook sandy loam,8 to 15 1.9 3.0%
percent slopes,stony
Uc Udifluvents,sandy-skeletal, 9.0 14.1%
frequently flooded
UsB Unison loam,2 to 8 percent 0.0 0.1%
slopes
W Water
10.2 16.1%
Totals for Area of Interest(AOI) 63.7 I 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape,
however,the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas

Custom Soil Resource Report
i" for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management.These are called contrasting, or dissimilar,components.They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern,and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
8

Custom Soil Resource Report
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
•

Custom Soil Resource Report
Yancey County, North Carolina Version date:1/31/2008
5:04:25 PM
BdA—Bandana sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation:45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
• Bandana, drained, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Description of Bandana, Drained
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting
textural stratification
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 12 to 30 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low (about 5.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 3w
Typical profile
0 to 8 inches: Sandy loam
8 to 37 inches: Sandy loam
37 to 80 inches:Very gravelly sand
Minor Components
Ela, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
10

•
Custom Soil Resource Report
BmA—Biltmore sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation:45 to 70 inches •
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Biltmore and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
•
Description of Biltmore
Setting
•
Landform: Natural levees on flood plains
Parent material: Sandy alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained •
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 42 to 72 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low(about 5.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated):4w
Typical profile
0 to 12 inches: Sand
12 to 80 inches: Loamy fine sand
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
• Across-slope shape: Concave
BtF—Buladean-Chestnut complex, 50 to 95 percent slopes,
stony
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,800 to 4,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 54 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Map Unit Composition
Buladean, stony, and similar soils: 50 percent
11

Custom Soil Resource Report
Chestnut, stony, and similar soils: 40 percent
Description of Buladean, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material:Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from biotite granitic gneiss and granodioritic gneiss
Properties and qualities
Slope: 50 to 95 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat):Very low to
high (0.00 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated):7e
Typical profile
0 to 3 inches: Loam •
3 to 26 inches: Loam •
26 to 50 inches: Coarse sandy loam
50 to 80 inches: Weathered bedrock
Description of Chestnut, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from biotite granitic gneiss and granodioritic gneiss
Properties and qualities
Slope: 50 to 95 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat):Very low to
high (0.00 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 7e
Typical profile
0 to 2 inches: Loam
12

Custom Soil Resource Report •
2 to 27 inches: Loam
27 to 80 inches: Weathered bedrock
DeA—Dellwood-Reddies complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes,
occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,300 to 3,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation:42 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Dellwood, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 60 percent
Reddies, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 30 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Description of Dellwood, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over cobbly and gravelly alluvium;
cobbly and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 8 to 20 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 48 inches
• Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity:Very low(about 1.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 3s
• Typical profile •
0 to 8 inches: Gravelly fine sandy loam
8 to 16 inches: Extremely gravelly sand
16 to 80 inches: Extremely gravelly coarse sand
Description of Reddies, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
• Parent material: Loamy alluvium over cobbly and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
13 •

Custom Soil Resource Report
Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting
textural stratification
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 42 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low (about 3.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 2w
Typical profile
0 to 14 inches: Sandy loam
14 to 26 inches: Fine sandy loam
26 to 80 inches:Very gravelly sand
Minor Components
Ela, undrained •
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
EcE—Evard-Cowee complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,400 to 4,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation:40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 110 to 176 days
Map Unit Composition
Evard, stony, and similar soils: 55 percent
Cowee, stony, and similar soils: 35 percent
Description of Evard, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from igneous and metamorphic
rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
r
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately
high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
14 .

Custom Soil Resource Report
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: High (about 9.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 6e
Typical profile
0 to 3 inches: Loam
3 to 28 inches: Clay loam
28 to 55 inches: Loam
55 to 80 inches: Loam
•
Description of Cowee, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Down-slope shape: Convex •
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from gneiss and/or creep
deposits derived from gneiss
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat):Very low to
high (0.00 to 1,98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None •
Available water capacity: Low (about 4.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 6e
Typical profile
0 to 6 inches: Gravelly fine sandy loam.
6 to 30 inches: Gravelly loam
30 to 80 inches:Weathered bedrock
NkA—Nikwasi sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation:45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Nikwasi, drained, and similar soils: 55 percent
Nikwasi, undrained, and similar soils: 20 percent
15

Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Nikwasi, Drained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting
textural stratification
Drainage class:Very poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: Occasional
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated):4w
Typical profile
0 to 36 inches: Sandy loam
36 to 80 inches:Very gravelly sand
Description of Nikwasi, Undrained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting
textural stratification
Drainage class:Very poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: Occasional
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 6w
Typical profile
0 to 36 inches: Sandy loam
36 to 80 inches:Very gravelly sand
16

Custom Soil Resource Report
•
RoA—Rosman fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes,
occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 70 inches
Mean annual air. temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Rosman, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Description of Rosman, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
•
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 42 to 60 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 2w
Typical profile
0 to 10 inches: Fine sandy loam
10 to 59 inches: Fine sandy loam
59 to 80 inches: Fine sandy loam
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
• ScC—Saunook sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,500 to 4,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation:40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 150 days
17

Custom Soil Resource Report
n
Map Unit Composition
Saunook and similar soils: 80 percent
Description of Saunook
Setting
Landform: Coves on mountain slopes, drainageways on mountain
slopes, fans on mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
• Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately
high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: High (about 9.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 3e
Typical profile
0 to 8 inches: Loam
8 to 50-inches: Clay loam
50 to 80 inches: Fine sandy loam
Uc—Udifluvents, sandy-skeletal, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 46 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Udifluvents, frequently flooded, and similar soils: 95 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Description of Udifluvents, Frequently Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Recent sandy and gravelly alluvium
•
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
18

Custom Soil Resource Report
Drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High to very
high (5.95 to 19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 42 to 60 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low (about 4.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 6s
Typical profile
0 to 80 inches: Sand
Minor Components
•
Aquents
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
UsB-Unison loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,350 to 3,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 46 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Unison and similar soils: 90 percent
Description of Unison
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Old alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
• Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately
high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity Moderate (about 8.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
{' Land capability(nonirrigated): 2e
Typical profile
0 to 10 inches: Loam
•
19

Custom Soil Resource Report
90 to 49 inches: Clay
49 to 80 inches:Very gravelly clay loam
W—Water
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches
Map Unit Composition
Wafer: 100 percent
Description of Water
Setting
Parent material: Water
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated): 8w
•
•
•
20

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
NORTH CAROLIN
AN NATURAL RENT OF ENVIRONMENTS
LAND QUALITY SECTION
APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
(PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE)
1. Name of Mine Fox Mine County Yancey
River Basin French Broad
Latitude(decimal degrees to four places) 035-55-2.38 N
• Longitude(decimal degrees to four places) 082-23-12.20 W
2. Name of Applicant* Young—McQueen Grading Company, Inc.
3. Permanent address for receipt of official mail** 25 Crestview Road
•
Burnsville,NC 28714
.Telephone .[phone] Alternate No.1-800-211-4567
Mine Office Address 25 Crestview Road •
Burnsville,NC 28714 Telephone [phone]
5. Mine Manager Damien Hollifield
•
We hereby certify that all details contained in this Permit Application are true and correct to the best of our
knowledge. We fully understand that any willful misrepresentation of facts will be cause for permit
revocation.
***Signature Date
Print Name: Samuel Young
Title President
* This will be the name that the mining permit will be issued to and the name that must be indicated on the
reclamation bond-(security) that corresponds to this site.
** The Land.Quality Section must be notified of any changes in the permanent address or telephone number:
***Signature of company officer required.
;:J4-51 provides that the Department shall grant or deny an application for a permit within 60 days of receipt of a
complete application or, if a public hearing is held, within 30 days following the hearing and the filing of any
supplemental information required by the Department.. All questions must be addressed and all required maps
provided before this application can be considered complete. Attach additional sheets as needed.
1

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-14ame:BALD CREEK Location: 035°55'00.9"
Yancey County N 082°24'21.2" W
Date:9111108 Caption: Fox Mine Site,Young-McQueen Grading
Scale: 1 inch equals 2666 feet
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. Copyright(C)1997.Maptech,Inc.

BORROW PIT/WASTE AREA INFORMATION FORM FOR
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE REVIEW
� I
Please Print or Type
County VA,V eil Pit Name P B x i r t/,V�, Acreageag
/Y
Highway Project No. and Description � a3. ?2' 7�I , 4l'C/ /96 crG ER
•
Contractor ij&Vi r fil d 6VUrfu g2/7o4t y evy,44lI ..6fi �
r ompan and Contact Name 0
///ekv o'a2
Street Address or P.O. Box
v,Qite$ � �27/51
Town, State, Zip Code •
SW.- 8z - 77/S7
Telephone/Fax Numbers
,c5ep A ' /� �B 's •
Date Submitted
ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES
1. Are there any buildings or structures on the project site? (Include abandoned barns, farmhouses,
tobacco sheds,bridges, etc.) No
2. If yes, submit one set of photographs of any structures which appear to have been built before World War II
(Polaroid-type snapshots are okay). Photos should show the front and one side of structure and area behind
structure.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES •
(�,, /
1. Present and previous land uses of the proposed borrow area. ►►ez`�fN h'aµ� �5 ��(�l��iZ�L�
(.MUD .5 jioJC') , Ai77a kh9s NII M£b I M ` 11E ?ASt s Pa> Z£I1'lA/AI
2. What kind of site preparation, if any, has taken placp,on the p oject site?
/V'B i erti/J {2g do /A dove .6ePs' �k' ,44gPovii3O/
3. Have any artifacts (arrowheads, pottery, etc.) been found on the site?
4. Are any marked or unmarked cemeteries located within the proposed pit area?
AJO
5. Has the area been surveyed by an archaeologist? If yes, give the name of the archaeologist and the date of the
survey,if know.
•
Please attach a copy of a map showing the exact location of the proposed borrow pit/waste area. A portion
of an identified USGS quad sheet is preferred and will ensure timely review of your project. Submit the
completed form and map to: Renee Gledhill-Earley, Environmental Review Coordinator, State Historic
Preservation Office,4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,NC 27699-4617 (telephone [phone]).
**Allow at least thirty days for our review and comment**
We have no comment on the project as proposed.
Additional information is needed to complete our review.
An archaeological survey is recommended.
�_,/) Signed: Date:
Renee Gledhill-Earley
• February 2008

FOX MINE SITE NCDOT RECLAMATION PERMIT
YANCEY COUNTY FRENCH BROAD RIVER BASIN
ENDANGERED SPECIES, THREATENED SPECIES, FEDERAL
SPECIES of CONCERN and CANDIDATE SPECIES
SUMMARY:
ENCLOSED WITHIN THIS REPORT is 10 COPIES OF THE LATEST LIST OF
ENDANGERED SPECIES, THREATENED SPECIES, and FEDERAL
SPECIES of CONCERN and CANDIDATE SPECIES FOR YANCEY COUNTY
N.C.
FROM THE U.S. FISH and WILDLIFE SERVICE (AS UPDATED 01-31-2008). AS
WELL, ONE COPY OF THE U.S. DEPT. of the INTERIOR- FISH and WILDLIFE
SERVICE- BIOLOGICAL OPINION DATEDMARCH 14, 2008 IS ENCLOSED.
AS A RESULT OF VISUAL OBSERVATIONS DURING SEVERAL ON-SITE VISITS
AND OUR OTHER.RESEARCH, IT APPEARS THAT NONE OF THE SPECIES THAT
OCCUR WITHIN THE YANCEY COUNTY REGION's LIST, WOULD BE
ADVERSELY or NEGATIVELY IMPACTED BY THE MINING OPERATIONS FOR:
FOX MINE RECLAMATION SITE PERMIT APPLICATION- YANCEY COUNTY-
` FRENCH BROAD RIVER BASIN
• THE SITE HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN USED FOR AGRICULTURE, SAND
REMOVAL AND RECREATION PURPOSES. THE SITE IS FULLY CLEARED
AND IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT DURING THE RECLAMATION PROCESS
OF THE OPERATIONS, THE OVERALL QUALITY OF THE SITE'S HABITAT
AND ENVIRONMENT MAY BE ENHANCED AND ENRICHED PROVIDING A
MUCH IMPROVED OVERALL ECOLOGICAL CONDITION WITHIN THE SITE
AND ITS SURROUNDING ECOSYSTEM. THE OPERATIONS AND
APPUTENANCES ARE COMPLETELY CONFINED AND FULLY SELF
CONTAINED WITHIN THE PROPOSED SITE.
• PROPERLY PLANNED AND EXECUTED MEASURES SUCH AS THE
REPLANTING OF NATIVE AND NONINVASIVE SEED, FRUIT AND NUT
BEARING TREES, GRASSES, SEDGES, WOODY and SEMI-WOODY
PLANTS, VINES, FERNS, etc. WILL PROVIDE AN INCREASED OVERALL
QUALITY WITHIN THE ECOSYSTEM, WHICH WILL IN TURN AUGMENT
HABITAT, COVER and FOOD FOR ALL RESIDENT WILDLIFE SPECIES.
NOTE: SHOULD IT COME TO THE ATTENTION OF THE OWNER THAT DURING
ANY MINING OPERATION, ANY CURRENT OR FUTURE ENDANGERED -
THREATENED - CONCERN or CANDIDATE SPECIES APPEARS ON SITE, HE
SHOULD CONTACT THE U.S. FISH and WILDLIFE SERVICE TO DETERMINE THE
PROPER ACTION(s) TO BE TAKEN.

Yancey County Endangered Species,Threatened Species,Federal Species of Concern,and Candidate Species
U.S. Fish &Wildlife Service ., .
Endangered Species, Threatened Species,Federal Species of
Concern, and Candidate Species,
Yancey County, North Carolina
jsrmummurivawir
.11r..loriqtaffm--- -7401141„frairi
ofAilkadatillenPrivilmAttaiii
r
Updated: 01-31-2008
Gniical Habitat Designations:
Appalachian elktoe -Alasmidonta raveneliana - The main stem of the North Toe River, Yancey and
Mitchell Counties, North Carolina, from the confluence of Big Crabtree Creek, downstream to the .
confluence of the South Toe River; the main stem of the South.Toe River, Yancey County, North
Carolina, from the N.C. State Route 1152 Bridge, downstream to its confluence with the North Toe
River; the main stem of the Toe River, Yancey and Mitchell Counties, North Carolina, from the
confluence of the North Toe River and the South Toe River, downstream to the confluence of the Cane
River; the main stern of the Cane River, Yancey County, North Carolina, from the N.C. State Route
1381 Bridge, downstream to its confluence with the Toe River; and the main stern of the Nolichucky
River,from the confluence of the Toe River and the Cane River in Yancey and Mitchell Counties, North
Carolina, downstream to the U.S. Highway 23/19W Bridge southwest of Erwin, Unicoi County,
Tennessee. Within these areas, the primary constituent elements include: (i) Permanent, flowing, cool,
clean water; (ii)Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks; (iii)Pool, riffle, and run sequences
within the channel; (iv)Stable sand, gravel, cobble, boulder, and bedrock substrates with no more than
low amounts of fine sediment; (v)Moderate to high stream gradient; (vi)Periodic natural flooding; and
(vii)Fish hosts, with adequate living, foraging, and spawning areas for them.
Fr -'?al Register Reference: September 27, 2002,. Federal Register, 67:61016-61040.
http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/es/cntylist/yancey.html(1 of 4)9/7/2008 19:36:32

•
Yancey County Endangered Species,Threatened Species,Federal Species of Concern,and Candidate Species
Common Name ,_ Scientific name' Federal Record Status
Status
I'P___ibrate:
Allegheny woodrat Neotoma magister FSC Current
Appalachian cottontail Sylvilagus obscurus FSC Current
Blotchside logperch Percina burtoni FSC Current
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T (S/A) Current
Carolina northern flying squirrel' Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus E Current
Easternpuma (=cougar) Puma concolor couguar E Historic
Eastern small-footed bat Myotis leibii FSC Current
Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC Current
Mountain blotched chub Erimystax insignis eristigma FSC Obscure
Northern saw-whet owl Aegolius acadicus pop. 1 FSC Current
(Southern Appalachian .
population) •
Olive darter Percina squamata FSC Current
Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus cooperi FSC Current
I[" y salamander _ Desmognathus wrighti FSC Current
Red crossbill (Southern Loxia curvirostra FSC Current
Appalachian)
Sharphead darter Etheostoma acuticeps FSC Current
Southern Appalachian black- Poecile atricapillus practicus FSC Historic
capped chickadee
Southern rock vole Microtus chrotorrhinus FSC Current •
carolinensis
Virginia big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii E Current
virginianus
Yellow-bellied sapsucker ' Sphyrapicus varies FSC Current .
(Southern Appalachian appalachiensis
population)
Invertebrate:
Appalachian elktoe Alasmidonta raveneliana E Current
Fragile supercoil • Glyphyalinia clingmani FSC Current
R_nan supercoil Paravitrea varidens FSC Obscure
S,_ e-fir moss spider Microhexura montivaga E Historic
Yancey sideswimmer Stygobromus carolinensis FSC Obscure
http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/es/cntylist/yancey.html(2 of 4)9/7/2008 19:36:32

Yancey County Endangered Species,Threatened Species,Federal Species of Concern,and Candidate Species
a harvestman Fumontana deprehendor FSC Current
F" Iular Plant:
biluernut Juglans cinerea FSC Current
Cain's reedgrass Calainagrostis cainii FSC Current
Cuthbert turtlehead Chelone cuthbertii FSC Current
Darlington's spurge Euphorbia purpurea FSC Current
Fraser fir Abies fraseri FSC Current
Gray's lily Lilium grayi FSC Current
Gray's saxifrage Saxifraga caroliniana. FSC Current
Mountain bitter cress Cardamine clematitis FSC Historic
Mountain catchfly Silene ovata FSC Current
Roan mountain bluet Hedyotis purpurea var. E Current
montana
Spreading avens Geum radiatum E Current
Virginia spiraea Spiraea virginiana T Current
Nonvascular Plant:
a liverwort Sphenolobopsis pearsonii FSC Current
a;. rrwort Plagiochila sharpii FSC Historic
a liverwort Plagiochila sullivantii var. FSC Historic
sullivantii
Lichen:
Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineare E Current
Definitions of Federal Status Codes:
E = endangered. A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
T = threatened. A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its range."
C = candidate. A taxon under consideration for official listing for which there is sufficient information to
support listing. (Formerly "Cl" candidate species.)
BGPA =Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. See below.
FSC = federal species of concern. A species under consideration for listing, for which there is
insufficient information to support listing at this time. These species may or may not be listed in the
future, and many of these species were formerly recognized as "C2" candidate species.
T(S/A) = threatened due to similarity of appearance. A taxon that is threatened due to similarity of
a.p,----^,,rance with another listed species and is listed for its protection. Taxa listed as T(S/A) are not
„:;ically endangered or threatened and are not subject to Section 7 consultation. See below.
EXP = experimental population. A taxon listed as experimental (either essential or nonessential).
Experimental, nonessential populations of endangered species (e.g., red wolf) are treated as threatened
http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/es/cntylist/yancey.html(3 of 4)9/7/2008 19:36:32

Yancey County Endangered Species,Threatened Species,Federal Species of Concern,and Candidate Species
species on public land, for consultation purposes, and as species proposed for listing on private land.
P ;oposed.Taxa proposed for official listing as endangered or threatened will be noted as "PE" or
respectively.
Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGPA):
In the July 9, 2007 Federal Register( 72:37346-37372), the bald eagle was declared recovered, and
removed (de-listed) from the Federal List of Threatened and Endangered wildlife. This delisting took
effect August 8,2007. After delisting, the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (Eagle Act) (16 U.S.C.
668-668d) becomes the primary law protecting bald eagles. The Eagle Act prohibits take of bald and
golden eagles and provides a statutory definition of"take" that includes "disturb". The USFWS has
developed National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines to provide guidance to land managers,
landowners, and others as to how to avoid disturbing bald eagles. For mor information, visit http://www.
fws.gov/migratorybirds/baldeagle.htm •
Threatened due to similarity of appearance(T(S/A)):
In the November 4, 1997 Federal Register (55822-55825), the northern population of the bog turtle
(from New York south to Maryland) was listed as T (threatened), and the southern population (from
Virginia south to Georgia) was listed as T(S/A) (threatened due to similarity of appearance). The T(S/A)
dry ' Nation bans the collection and interstate and international commercial trade of bog turtles from the
s�.._ , rn population. The T(S/A) designation has no effect on land management activities by private
landowners in North Carolina, part of the southern population of the species. In addition to its official
status as T(S/A), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service considers the southern population of the bog turtle
as a Federal species of concern due to habitat loss.
Definitions of Record Status:
Current - the species-has been observed in the county within the last 50 years.
Historic - the species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago. •
Obscure - the date and/or location of observation is uncertain.
Incidental/migrant ..the species was observed outside of its normal range or habitat.
Probable/potential - the species is considered likely to occur in this county based on the proximity of
known records (in adjacent counties), the presence of potentially suitable habitat, or both.
•
http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/es/cntylist/yancey.html(4 of 4)9/7/2008 19:36:32

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
APPENDIX C .
The North Carolina Native Plant
Society's
Recommended Native Plant Species List
Recommended Native Species List for North Carolina
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 1

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
I
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common Name Scientific Name Type Light Soil Moisture W
Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea deciduous full/ part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Devil's walkingstick Ara/ia spinosa deciduous full/part-sun hydric/xeric
Paw paw Asimina triloba deciduous part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
American hornbeam Carp/pus carolina deciduous part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Chinquapin Castanea pum//a deciduous full-sun/shade • sub-xeric/xeric
Eastern Redbud Cercis canadens/s deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/xeric
Fringe Tree Chionanthus virgin/cus deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/xeric
Pagoda dogwood Corpus alternifol/a deciduous part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Flowering dogwood Corpus florida deciduous sun/shade mesic/xeric
(—)
Washington hawthorn Crataegus phaenopyrum deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/xeric
Persimmon D/ospyros virgin/ana deciduous full-sun/part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Carolina.silverbell Ha/es/aa carol/na deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Common witch-hazel Hamame//s virgin/ana deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
American holly Ilex opaca evergreen full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Red cedar Jun/perus virgin/ana evergreen full-sun/ part-sun sub-xeric/xeric
Umbrella tree Magnolia tripete/a deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Hop-hornbeam Ostiya virgin/ana deciduous part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Sourwood . Oxydendrum arboreum deciduous full-sun/shade sub-xeric/xeric
Hoptree Pte/ea trifoliata deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/ sub-xeric
American plum Prunus americana deciduous full-sun./ part-sun sub-xeric/xeric
Pin cherry Prunus pensylvanica deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Common Sassafras Sassafras albidum deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 2

Appendix A Recommended Native Plant Species List
P/ants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common Name Scientific Name Type Light Soil Moisture(1)
Blackhaw Viburnum Viburnum rufidu/um deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/xeric
Large Trees (over 25 ft)
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common Name Scientific Name Type Light Soil Moisture ca
Red maple Acer rubrum deciduous full-sun/shade hydric/xeric
Sugar maple Acer saccharum deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Yellow buckeye Aesculus flava - deciduous part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Yellow birch Betula alleghanienses deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
t1/) Sweet birch Betula lenta deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
River birch Betula nigra deciduous full-sun/ part-sun hydric/sub-xeric
Bitternut hickory Carya cordiformis - deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Pignut hickory Carya glabra deciduous full-sun/shade sub-xeric/xeric
Yellowwood Cladrastis kentuckea deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Beech Fagusgrandifolia deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Cucumber tree Magnolia acuminata deciduous part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Black tupelo Nyssa sylvatica deciduous full-sun/shade . mesic/xeric
Sycamore . Platanus occidenta/is deciduous full-sun/ part-sun hydric/mesic
Red spruce Picea rubens• evergreen full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Black cherry Prunus serotina<J deciduous full-sun/ part-sun -mesic/xeric
_�/` White oak Quercus alba deciduous . full-sun/part-sun mesic/xeric
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 3

Appendix A-Recommended Native Plant Species List
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common Name Scientific Name Type Light Soil Moisture U
Chestnut oak Quercusmontana deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/xeric
Red oak Quercus rubra deciduous full-sun/part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Post oak Quercus stellata deciduous full-sun/ part-sun sub-xeric/xeric
American linden Ti/ia americana deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Canadian hemlock Tsuga canadensis evergreen full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Carolina hemlock Tsuga caroliniana evergreen full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Shrubs:
• Low Shrubs(under 4 ft)
• Mid-size Shrubs(4 to 10 ft)
Large Shrubs(over 10 ft)
Low Shrubs (under 4 ft)
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common Name Scientific Name Type Light Soil Moisture v
New Jersey tea Ceanothus americanus deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/xeric
Sweetfern Comptonia peregrine deciduous full-sun/ part-sun sub-xeric/xeric
Snowhill Hydrangea Hydrangea aborescens deciduous part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Shrubby St.John's Wort Hypericum pro/ificum deciduous full-sun/ part-sun hydric/xeric
Drooping leucothoe Leucothoe fontanesiana evergreen part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Carolina rose Rosa-carolina deciduous full-sun/part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Swamp rose Rosa pa/ustris deciduous full-sun/ part-sun hydric/mesic
Cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon evergreen full-sun/part-sun hydric/mesic
Lowbush blueberry Vaccinium pa//idum deciduous full-sun/part-sun mesic xeric
/
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 4

Appendix A—Recommended.Native Plant Species List
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common Name Scientific Name Type Light Soil Moisture U
Maple-leaf Viburnum Viburnum acerifolium deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/xeric
Mid-size Shrubs (4 to 10 ft)
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common Name Scientific Name Type Light Soil Moisture
U
Red chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia deciduous full-sun/ part- hydric/sub-
sun xeric
Black chokeberry Aronia me/anocarpa deciduous full-sun/part- hydric/sub-
sun xeric
Sweetshrub Calycanthus tlor/dus deciduous part-sun/shade hydric/sub-
.
xeric
Cinnamonbark Clethra acuminata deciduous full sun/ part- sub-xeric/xeric
sn
Silky dogwood Cornus amomum deciduous full-sun/part- hydric/sub-
sun xeric
Hazelnut Corylus americana deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Bush-honeysuckle Diervilla sessi/ifolia deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/xeric
Hearts-a-bustin Euonymus americanus deciduous part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Large Fothergilla Fothergilla major deciduous full sun/part- mesic/sub-xeric
sDense Hypericum Hypericum densiflorum deciduous fun
ll sun/part- .mesic/xeric
sn
Common winterberry Ilex vertici//ata deciduous full-sun/shade hydric/mesic
Virginia sweetspire Itea virginica deciduous full-sun/shade hydric/sub-
xeric
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 5

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
t
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common Name Scientific Name Type Light Soil Moisture
U
Mountain laurel Kalm/a latifolia evergreen sun sun/part- sub-xeric/xeric
Spicebush Lindera ben-zoin deciduous part-sun/shade mesic
Sweet azalea Rhododendron aborescens deciduous full-sun/shade hydric/ mesic
Flame azalea Rhododendron ca/endu/aceum deciduous part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Carolina Rhododendron caro/inianum evergreen
9reen part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Mountain rosebay Rhododendron catawbiense evergreen full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Wild or Pinxter azalea Rhododendron deciduous part-sun/shade hydric/sub-
periclymenoides xeric
Pinkshell azalea Rhododendron vaseyi evergreen full-sun
un sun/part- mesic/ sub-xeric
Elderberry Sambucus canadensis(J deciduous full-sun/shade mesic
Coral berry Symphoricarpus orbiculatus 0 deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/xeric •
Hobblebush Viburnum alnifolium deciduous part-sun/shade mesic
Highbush blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum« deciduous sulnsun/part- sub-xeric/xeric
Deerberry Vaccinium stam/neurn deciduous Sulu sun/part- mesic/xeric
Witherod Vibernum Vibernum cassinoides deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 6

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
Large Shrubs (over 10 feet)
P/ants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common Name Scientific Name Type Light Soil Moisture U
Tag alder A/num serru/ata deciduous full-sun/part-sun hydric/mesic
Mountain winterberry Ilexmontana deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Mock orange Phi/ade/phus inodorus deciduous full-sun/part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Rosebay Rhododendron Rhododendron maximum evergreen part-sun/shade mesic/sub-xeric
Smooth sumac Rhusgiabra« deciduous full-sun/part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Silky willow *Felix sericea' deciduous full-sun/shade hydric/sub-xeric
Arrowwood Viburnum dentatum° deciduous full-sun/part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Vines:
)
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common Name Scientific Name Type Light Soil Moisture U
Dutchman's pipe Aristolochia macrophylla deciduous part-sun/shade mesic/xeric
Crossvine Bignonia capreolata evergreen full-sun/shade hydric/sub-xeric
Trumpet creeper Campsis red/cans deciduous full-sun/ part-sun sub-xeric/xeric
Virgin's bower Clematis virginiana deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/xeric
Climbing hydrangea Decumaria barbara deciduous full-sun/part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
Coral honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens deciduous full-sun/part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
• Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefo/ia U deciduous full-sun/shade mesic/xeric
• Passion flower Passiviora incarnate deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/xeric
Fox grape Vitis labrusca deciduous full-sun/ part-sun mesic/sub-xeric
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 7

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
Ferns:
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific name
Maidenhair fern Adiantuni pedatum
Ebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron
• Lady fern Athyrium felix-feimina ssp.asplenoides
Hay-scented fern Dennstaedtia punctiloba
Wood.fern' Diyopteris marginalia
Sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis
Cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea
Interrupted fern Osmunda claytoniana
�* Royal fern Osmunch regalis
Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides
New York fern Thelypteris novaboracensis
Chain fern Woodwardia areolata
Common woodsia Woodsia obtusa
Grasses &.Sedges:
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
. Common name Scientific name
Big bluesterry Andropogon gerardll
Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus
CRiver cane Arundinaria gigantea asp.gigantea
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 8

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific.name
Pennsylvania sedge Carex pennsylvanica
Plantain-leaved sedge Carexplantaginea
River oats Chasmanthium latifolium
Oat grass Danthonia compressa
Bottle brush Elymus bystrix
Switch-grass Panicum virgatum
Little bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium
Indian grass Sorghastrum nutans
Eastern gamma grass Tripsacum dactyloides
Ground Covers:
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific name.
Pussy's toes Antennaria plantaginifolia
Wild ginger Asarum canadense
Green-and-gold Chrysogonum virginianum
Mouse-eared coreopsis Coreopsis auriculata
Wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana
Wintergreen Baultheria procumbens
Little brown jugs Hexastylis arifolia
Dwarf crested iris Iris cristata
Partridge Berry Mitchella.repens
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 9

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
•
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific name
Allegheny spurge Pachysandra procumbens
Phacelia Phacelia bipinnatifida
Chalice Phlox Phlox amoena
Wild blue phlox Phlox divaricata
Creeping phlox Phlox stolonifera
Golden aster Pityopis gramfnifol/a
Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides
Oconee bells Shortia ga/acifo/ia
Blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium mucronatum
Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia
Yellow-root Xanthorhiza situp/icissima
Wildflowers:
Plants fisted alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific name
Doll's eyes Actaea Pachypoda
Carolina phlox Phlox carolina
Blue star Amsonia tabernaemontana
Thimbleweed Anemone virginiana
Wild columbine Aquilegia canadensis
Green dragon Arisaema dracontium
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 10

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific name
Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaerna triphyllum
Goat's-beard Aruncus dioicus
Swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata
Butterfly-weed Asclepias tuberosa
White wood aster Aster divaricatus
Late purple aster Aster patens
False'goatsbeard Asti/be biternata
Wild indigo Baptista tinctoria
Blue cohosh Cau/ophyl/um tha/ictroides
Pink turtlehead Chelone lyonii
Black cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa
Coreopsis Coreopsis pubescens
Bleeding heart Dicentra eximia •
Shooting star Dodecatheon meadia
Joe-Pye weed Eupatorium fistulosum
Wild geranium Geranium macu/atum
Sunflower Helianthus resinosus
Sharp-lobed hepatica Hepatica acuti/oba
Alumroot Heuchera americana
Jewelweed Impatiens capensis
Blazing star Liatrisspicata
'Turk's cap lily L/lium superbum
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 11

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific name
Cardinal flower Lobelia cardina/is
Lobelia Lobelia puberu/a
Great lobelia Lobelia siphilitica
Fringed loostrife Lysimachia ciliata
Bishop's cap Mite/la diphylla
Bee balm Monarda didyma-
Carolina phlox Phlox carolina
Garden phlox Phlox paniculata
Solomon's seal Po/ygonatum biforum
r' Blackeyed susan Rudbeckia hirta
Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis
Fire pink Silene virginica
Winkle-leaf goldenrod Solidago rugosa
Bush pea Thermopsis villosa
New York ironweed Vernon/a noveboracensis
Mesic:
• Mesic for Full Sun
• . Mesic for Shade
Mesic *) for Full Sun
P/ants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific name
New England aster Aster novea angliae
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 12

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific name
Curtis aster Aster curtisii
Hairy coreopsis Coreopsis pubescens
Joe-Pye weed Eupatorium fistulosum
Blazing star Liatrisspicata
Cardinal flower Lobelia cardinalis
Bee balm Monarda didyma
Wild blue phlox Phlox carolina
Blackeyed susan Rudbeckia hirta
Mesic ('1) for Shade
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific name
Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum 0
Wild ginger Asarum canadense
Trout lily Erythronium americanum
Sharp-lobed hepatica Hepatica acuti/oba
Alumroot Heuchera americana
Partridge Berry Mitchella repens
Cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnomonea
Solomon's seal Polygonatum biforum
Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 13

Appendix A—Recommended Native Plant Species List
Plants listed alphabetically by scientific name
Common name Scientific name
Oconee bells Shortia galacifolia
Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia
Soil Moisture Definitions
hydric
wet, plants periodically or often inundated by water
mesic
moist, adequate soil moisture retention year-round
sub-xeric
moist to dry, seasonally moist, periodically dry
xeric
dry and drought resistant, little moisture retention, excessively drained
• THE SUBJECT SITE IS LOCATED WITHIN ZONE 6—(-10 TO 0)
• PLANT SLECTION SHOULD BE CQMPATABLE WITH ZONE 6
• MICROCLIMATE MAY ALLOW FOR SELECT ZONE 7 PLANTINGS
It is imperative that prior to planting or sowing any new vegetative
materials, the proposed plant species list should be crossed checked for
Zone 6 compatibility and hardiness. Also, as this list may not be all
inclusive, it is highly recommended that the proposed plant list be
reviewed and approved by a knowledgeable plant professional or botanist.
FOX MINE SITE -Yancey County NC 14

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
APPENDIX A
The North Carolina Native Plant
Society's
Invasive Exotic Species List
C:_j The North Carolina Native Plant Society's
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
Invasive Exotic Species List
Note: The following compendium of-information on invasive exotic plants has been
included as a resource guide to assist in assuring that no invasive plants are introduced
into any of the future reclamation and restoration plans for planting projects undertaken
in association with this, property. The information included was taken from the NC
Native Plant Society's website http://www.ncwildflower.org as of March 2008.
•
The Invasive Exotic Dilemma
Many exotic introduced plants have become naturalized in North Carolina and some
are replacing our native plant species.
Not all exotic species are considered harmful.
Invasive plants are usually characterized by:
• fast growth rates,
• high fruit production,
• rapid vegetative spread,
• efficient seed dispersal and germination.
•
• Not being native to NC, they lack the natural predators and diseases which would
naturally control them in their native habitats.
The rapid growth and reproduction of invasive plants allows them to overwhelm and
displace existing vegetation and, in some cases, form dense one-species stands.
Invasive species are especially problematic in areas that have been disturbed by
human activities such as road building, residential development, forest clearing,
logging, grazing, mining, ditching, mowing, erosion control, and fire control
activities.
Invasive exotic plants disrupt the ecology of natural ecosystems, displace native
plant and animal species, and degrade our biological resources. Aggressive invaders
reduce the amount of light, water, nutrients and space available to native species.
Some cause increased erosion along stream banks, shorelines and roadsides.
Some exotics hybridize with related native plant species, resulting in changes to a
population's genetic makeup; others have been found to harbor plant pathogens
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
that can affect both native and non-native plants, including ornamentals. Others
contain toxins that may be lethal humans and other animals.
Some invasive plants compete with and replace rare and endangered species and
encroach upon their limited habitat.
Other problems include disruption of native plant-pollinator relationships, tree and
shrub mortality due to girdling, reduced establishment of native tree and shrub
seedlings, reduction in the amount of space, water, sunlight and nutrients that
would be available to native species, and altered fire regimes.
Invasive plants also cause economic losses and expenditures each year for
agriculture, forestry, and roadside management.
Our native fauna, including insects, birds, mammals, reptiles, fish and other animals,
is dependent on native plants for food and shelter.
While some animals can feed on a wide number of plant species, others are highly
specialized and may be restricted to feeding on several or a single plant species.
As exotic plants replace our native flora, fewer host plants are available to provide
the necessary nutrition for our native wildlife.
In some cases, invasive plants replace nutritious native plant foods with lower
quality sources.
Each exotic plant is one less native host plant for our native insects, vertebrates and
other organisms that are dependent upon them.
What can we do?
Document invasions
It is important to document the spread of invasive exotic plants.into natural areas.
This allows for infestation management. When invaders are found outside of
landscape plantings, they should be recorded and voucher specimens should be
collected for donation to a herbarium.
Reduce invasions .
To reduce invasive plant invasions, we must approach the problem in.a variety of
ways:
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
) stop planting them,
• prevent accidental introductions,
• manage existing infestations,
• minimize disturbance to forests, wetlands, and other natural communities,
• and learn to work with (rather than against) natural systems and cycles.
Invasive Exotic Species List
We hope this list will help eliminate the use of invasive exotic plants in
landscaping and restoration projects.
The intent of this list is to:
• Rank exotic plants based.on their demonstrated invasive characteristics
• Educate the public and resource managers
• Encourage early detection of invasive exotic species so that.a rapid response
can be implemented when needed
Rank 1 - Severe Threat
Exotic plant species that have invasive characteristics and spread readily into native
plant communities, displacing native vegetation.
Scientific name Common name
Ailanthus altissima(Mill.)Swingle Tree of Heaven
Albizia julibrissin Durz Mimosa •
Alliaria petiolata(Bleb.)Cavara&Grande Garlic-mustard
Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb. Alligatorweed
Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. Asian bittersweet
Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian olive
\
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
Elaeagnus umbel/ata Thunb. Autumn olive
Hedera helix L. English ivy
Hydrilla verticillata(L.f.)Royle Hydrilla
Lespedeza bicolor Bicolor lespedeza
Lespedeza cuneata(Dum.-Cours)G. Don Sericea lespedeza
Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet
Lonicera fragrantissima Lind/. &Paxton Fragrant honeysuckle
Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle
r �
Microstegium vimineum(Trin.)A. Camus Japanese stilt-grass
Murdannia keisak(Hassle)Hand.-Mazz. Asian spiderwort
Myriophyllum aquaticum(Veil.) Verdc. Parrotfeather
Paulownia tomentosa(Thunb.)Sieb.&Zucc. ex Steud. Princess tree
Phragmites australis(Cay.) Trin. ssp. australis Common reed
Polygonum cuspidatum Seib. &Zucc. Japanese knotweed
Pueraria montana(Lour.)Herr. Kudzu
Rosa multitlora Thunb. Multiflora rose
Salvinia molesta Mitchell. Aquarium water-moss
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
Vitex rotundifolia L.f. Beach vitex
Wisteria sinensis(Sims)DC Chinese wisteria
Rank 2 - Significant Threat
Exotic plant species that display some invasive characteristics, but do not appear to
present as great a threat native communities in NC as the species listed in Rank i.
Scientific name Common name
Ampe%psis brevipeduncu/ata(Maxim.) Trautv. Porcelain-berry
Arthraxon hispidus(Thunb.)Making Hairy jointgrass
•
Bambusa spp. Exotic bamboo
Berberis thunbergii DC Japanese barberry
Broussonetia papyrifera(L.)L'Her. ex Vent. Paper mulberry
Cayratia japonica(Thunb. ex Murray)Gagnep. Bush killer
Centaurea biebersteinii DC Spotted knapweed
Clematis terniflora DC(=C. dioscoreifolia) Leatherleaf clematis
Conium macu/atum L. Poison hemlock
Coronilla varia L. Crown vetch
Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Air-potato
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
rTh
Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)Solms Water-hyacinth
Euonymus alata(Thunb.)Sieb. Burning bush
Euonymus fortunei(Turcz.)Hand. -Mazz - Winter creeper
Glechoma hederacea L. Gill-over-the-ground,ground ivy
Humulusjaponicus Japanese Hops
•
Lamium purpureum L. Henbit
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz Bicolor lespedeza, shrubby
bushclover
_ . Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Japanese privet
Ligustrum-ku/gare L. Common privet •
Lonicera maackii(Rupr.)Maxim. _ Amur bush honeysuckle
Lonicera morrow-iA. Gray Morrow's bush honeysuckle
Lonicera standish//Jaques Standish's Honeysuckle
Lonicera xbella[morrow/i x tataricaj Hybrid Bush Honeysuckle
Ludwigia uruguayensis(Camb.)Hara Creeping waterprimrose
Lygod/um japon/cum(Thunb. ex Murr.)Sw. Japanese climbing fern
Lythrum sal/car/a L. Purple loosestrife
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY •

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
Mahonia beau(Fortune)Corriere Oregon grape
Miscanthus sinensisAndersson Chinese silver grass
Morus a/ba L. 'White mulberry
• Myriophyl/um spicatum Komarov Eurasian watermilfoil
Nandina domestics Thunb. Nandina .
Persicaria/ongiseta(de Brun)Mo/denke(=Po/ygonum caespitosum Oriental ladies-thumb
Blume)
•
Persicaria maculata(Rafinesque)S.F. Gray(=Polygonum persicaria Lady's thumb
• L.)
Phyllostachys spp. Exotic bamboo
Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf, Hardy-Orange
Pseudosasa japonica(Sieb. &Zucc. ex Steud.)Makino ex Nakai Arrow bamboo
Pyrus calleryana Decne. Bradford pear
Rhodotypos scandens(Thunb.) Makino jetbead
Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. Wineberry
So/anum viarum Duna/ Tropical soda apple
Sorghum halepense(L.)Pers Johnson grass
Spiraea japonica L.f. Japanese spiraea
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
Stellaria media(L.) Vill. Common chickweed
Veronica hederifolia L. Ivyleaf speedwell
Vinca major L. Bigleaf periwinkle
Vinca minor L. Common periwinkle
Wisteria floribunda(Wilid.)DC Japanese wisteria
Xanthium strumarium L. Common cocklebur
Youngia japonica(L.)DC. Oriental false hawksbeard
Rank 3 - Lesser Threat
Exotic plant species that spread into or around disturbed areas, and are presently
considered a low threat to native plant communities in NC.
Scientific name Common name
Ajuga reptans L. Bugleweed
A/iium vinea/e L, Field garlic
Artemisia vulgaris L. Mugwort, common wormwood
Arundo donax L. Giant reed
Baccharishalimifolia L. a Silverling, groundsel tree
Bromus catharticus.Vahl Bromegrass, rescue grass
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
Bromus commutatus Schrad. Meadow brome
Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murray Japanese bromegrass
Bromus secalinus L. Rye brome
Bromus tectorum L. Thatch bromegrass, cheat grass
Buddleia davidii Franch Butterfly bush
Chicorium intybus L. Chicory
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Ox-eye daisy
Cirsium vulgare(Say/) Ten. Bull thistle
Daucus carota L. Wild carrot, Queen Anne's-lace
Dipsacus fuilonum L. Fuller's teasle
Egeria densa Planch. Brazilian elodea, Brazilian water-weed
Fatoua viliosa(Thunb.)Nakai Hairy crabweed
Festuca pratensis Huds. Meadow fescue
Ipomoea quamoclitL. Cypressvine morningglory
Kummerowia stipu/acea(Maxim.) Makino Korean clover
Kummerowia striata(Thunb.)Schindi Japanese clover
Lysimachia nummularia L. Moneywort,creeping Jenny
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
Me/lotus a/bus Medik. White sweet clover
Me/lotus officinalis a.)Lam. Yellow sweet clover
Najas minorA//. Brittle naiad
Pastinaca sativa L. Wild parsnip
Perllla frutescens(L.)Britt. Beefsteakplant
Popu/us alba L. White poplar
Senecio vulgaris L. Ragwort
Setaria faberi R.A.W. Herrm. Nodding foxtail-grass
Triadica sebifera(L.)Small Chinese tallowtree
Tuss/lago farfara L. Coltsfoot
Vida sativa L. Garden vetch
Watch List A
Exotic plants that naturalize and may become a problem in the future; includes
species that are or could become widespread in North Carolina. At this time, more
information is needed.
Scientific name Common name
Arum itaiicum P. Mi//. Italian lords and ladies
Buglossoides arvensis(L.)I.M.Johnston(L.)I.M. Corn gromwell
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
fi
Bupleurum rotundifolium L. Hound's-ear, hare's ear
Centaurea cyanus L. cornflower
Echium vulgare L. Viper's bugloss
Elaeagnus pungens Thunb Thorny olive •
Hibiscus syriacus L. Rose of Sharon
Hypericum perforatum L. St.John's-wort
Ornithogalum umbe/latum L. • Star of Bethlehem
Solanum dulcamara L. Climbing nightshade •
Verbascum thapsus L. Common mullein
Watch List B
Exotic plant species that cause problems in adjacent states but have not yet been
reported to cause problems in NC.
•
Scientific name Common name
Acer platanoides L. Norway maple
Akebia quinata(Houtt.)Dcne. Fiveleaf akebia
Bromus inermis Leyss Smooth bromegrass
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Balloonvine
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A—Invasive Exotic Plant Species
Carduus nutans L. Musk thistle
Cirsium arvense(L.)Scop. Canada thistle
Comme/ina bengha/ensis L. Bengal dayflower •
E/aeagnus pungens Thunb. Thorny-olive
Hesperis inatronalis L. Dame's rocket
Iris pseudoacorus L. Pale-yellow iris
•
Lonicera tatarica L. • Tartarian honeysuckle
•
Melia azedarachL. Chinaberry
Persicaria perfoliata(Linnaeus)H. Gross(=Polygonum perfoliatum L.) Mile-a-minute vine
Pistia stratiotes L. Watter-lettuce
Potamogeton crispus L. Curly pondweed
Quercus acutissima Carruthers Sawtooth oak
Rhamnus cathartica L. European buckthorn
Setaria ita/ica(L.)P. Beauv. Foxtail-millet
Setaria vertici/lata(L.)Beauv. Bur-foxtail
Setaria viridis(L.)P. Beauv. Green millet
Stachys tlor/dana Shuttlw. ex Benth. Florida Hedge nettle
FOX MINE—YANCEY COUNTY

Appendix A-Invasive Exotic Plant Species
Tori/is arvensis(thuds)Link Spreading hedge-parsley
Tragopogon dubius Scop. Yellow goat's-beard
Trapa natans L. • Water Chestnut
•
Tribulus terrestris L. Puncturevine -
Xanthium spinosum L. Spiny cocklebur
Credits
Compiled by Misty Franklin,
with review and input from biologists in the.following agencies:
NC Natural Heritage Program,
NC DENR Aquatic Weed Control Program,
NC Exotic Pest Plant Council,
US Fish &Wildlife Service,
The Nature Conservancy,y,
NC Zoo,
NC Botanical Garden,
and UNC Herbarium.
Note: The preceding compendium of.information-on'invasive exotic plants has been
included as a resource guide to assist in assuring that no invasive plants are introduced
into any of the future reclamation and restoration plans for planting projects undertaken
in association with this property. The information included was taken from the NC
Native Plant Society's website http://www.ncwildflower.org as of March 2008.
It is imperative that prior to planting or sowing any new vegetative
materials, the proposed plant species list should be crossed checked with
the preceding list. Also, as this list may not.be all inclusive, it is highly
. recommended that the proposed plant list be reviewed and approved by a
knowledgeable plant professional or botanist. Particular attention should
be paid to all grass seed mixtures, and all mixtures used must be certified
as free'of any identified invasive species.
FOX MINE-YANCEY.COUNTY

I
NORTH CAROLINA
MINING PERMIT APPLICATION
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Land Resources
Land Quality Section
1612 Mail Service. Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612
[phone]
Revised:January 30,2008.

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
AND NATURAL RESOURCES
LAND QUALITY SECTION
APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
(PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE)
1. Name of Mine Fox Mine County Yancey
River Basin French Broad
Latitude (decimal degrees to four places) 035-55-2.38 N
Longitude(decimal degrees to four places) 082-23-12.20 W
2. Name of Applicant* Young—McQueen Grading Company,Inc.
3. Permanent address for receipt of official mail** 25 Crestview Road
Burnsville,NC 28714
Telephone .[phone] Alternate No.1-800-211-4567
4. Mine Office Address 25 Crestview Road
Burnsville,NC 28714 Telephone [phone]
5. Mine Manager Damien Hollifield
•
We hereby certify that all details contained in this Permit Application are true and correct to the best of our
knowledge. We fully understand that any willful misrepresentation of facts will be cause for permit
revocation.
***Signature. Date
Print Name: Samuel Young
Title President
* This will be the name that the mining permit will be issued to and the name that must be indicated on the
reclamation bond (security) that corresponds to this site.
** The Land Quality Section must be notified of any changes in the permanent address or telephone number.
*** Signature of company officer required.
__.,4 74-51 provides that the Department shall grant or deny an application for a permit within 60 days of receipt of a
complete application or, if a public hearing is held, within 30 days following the hearing and the filing of any
supplemental information required,by the Department. All questions must be addressed and all required maps
provided before this application can be considered complete. Attach additional sheets as needed.
- 11-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
NOTE: All of the following questions must be thoroughly answered regarding your mining operation for
•
-"' \`intended life of the mine. All responses must be clearly conveyed on a corresponding,detailed mine map.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MINE
1. Answer all of the following that apply:
X If this is an application for a NEW permit, indicate the total acreage at the site to be covered by the
permit(this is the acreage that the "new permit" fee will be based upon): 12.53
Of this acreage, how much is owned and how much is leased? Acres owned:
Acres leased: Property owner if leased:
❑ If this is an application for RENEWAL of a mining permit,indicate the mining permit number and
the total (overall) acreage covered by the existing permit: Mining Permit No.:
Total permitted acreage (this is the acreage that the "renewal" fee will be based upon):
❑ If this is an application for a MODIFICATION to a mining permit, indicate the mining permit
number and the total (overall) acreage covered by the existing permit.
Mining Permit No.: Total permitted acreage:
Does the modification involve acreage within the previously approved permitted boundary?
Yes ❑ No ❑. If yes, indicate the acreage to be covered by this modification(this is the acreage
that the "major modification" fee will be based upon):
Does the modification involve acreage outside the previously approved permitted boundary?
Yes No ❑. If yes, indicate the additional acreage to be covered by this
modification: . (NOTE: you must complete all of Section F.of this application form
entitled Notification of Adjoining Landowners).
_ Of this acreage to be added to the permit,will any portion of this acreage be affected(i.e.:disturbed,
ground cover removed) by the mining operation? Yes ❑ No ❑ (If no, a"minor modification"
fee of$100.00 is required, despite the "undisturbed" acreage to be added). If yes, indicate the
acreage to be affected within the acreage to be added to the permit(the total acreage to be added to
the permit is the acreage that the "major modification" fee will be based upon):
❑ If this is an application for TRANSFER of a mining permit,indicate the mining permit number and
the total (overall) acreage covered by the existing permit.
Mining Permit No.: Total permitted acreage:
SEE THE FEE SCHEDULE AT THE END OF THIS FORM FOR THE PROPER FEE AMOUNT TO BE
PAID FOR THE REQUESTED PERMIT ACTION(S) AND CORRESPONDING ACREAGE NOTED
ABOVE
2. Name of all materials mined: Sand and Stone storage
3. Mining method:
Hydraulic Dredge X Front-end Loader&Truck❑ Shovel & Truck
_ Dragline & Truck ❑ Self-loading Scraper
Other(explain): Stone will be brought from a DOT site for processing at this site
4. a. Expected maximum depth of mine (feet) Current Depth
Depth is relative to what benchmark? (e.g., natural ground level, mean sea level, road elevation, etc.)
Sea Level
b. Expected average depth of mine (feet) Current depth
5. Has any area(s) at this site been mined in the past? Yes X No ❑
-2-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
5. Has any area(s) at this site been mined in the past? Yes -X No n
If yes,when and by whom was this activity conducted?Building stone or sand has been removed from the
site in the past by an unknown person or firm. A pond left.by this removal exists on the mine site.
6. Number of years for which the permit is requested (10 years maximum): 10
B. MAPS
1. Clearly mark and label the location of your mining operation on six(6)copies of a 7.5-minute quadrangle
and a county highway map. These maps, in addition to six (6) copies of all mine maps and reclamation
maps,must be submitted with each permit application: .
7.5-minute quadrangles may be obtained from the N.C. Geological Survey:
Mailing Address: Physical Address:
1612 Mail Service Center OR 512 North Salisbury Street,_5th Floor
Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1612 Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
[phone]
www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/
County highway maps may be obtained from the N.C. Department of Transportation:
North Carolina Department of Transportation—Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Mailing Address: Physical Address:
NCDOT GIS Unit NCDOT GIS Unit
1587 Mail Service Center 3401 Carl Sandburg Court
Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1587 Raleigh,North Carolina 27610
(9.19) 212-6000
www.ncdot.orght/gisContact/default.html
2. Mine maps must be accurate and appropriately scaled drawings, aerial photographs or enlarged
topographic maps of the entire mine site. All aspects of the mine site must be clearly labeled on the
maps along with their corresponding (approximate) acreage. As a reminder,mining permits can
only be issued for up to 10 years; thus, all mine and reclamation maps must only denote those
activities that are intended to be conducted during the life of the mining permit. All maps must be
of a scale sufficient (see minimum requirements listed below) to clearly illustrate the following, at a
minimum:
a. Property lines of the tract or tracts of land on which the proposed mining activity is to be located
including easements and rights-of-way.
b. Existing or proposed permit boundaries.
c. Initial and ultimate limits of clearing and grading.
d. Outline and width of all buffer zones.(both undisturbed and unexcavated).
e. Outline and acreage of all pits/excavations.
f. Outline and acreage of all stockpile areas.
g. Outline and acreage of all temporary and/or permanent overburden disposal areas.
h. Location and acreage of all processing plants(processing plants may be described as to location and
distance from mine if sufficiently far removed).
i. Locations and names of all streams, rivers and lakes.
j. Outline and acreage of all settling and/or processing wastewater ponds.
k. Location and acreage of all planned and existing access roads and on-site haul roads.
1. Location of planned and existing on-site buildings.
m. Location and dimensions of all proposed sediment and erosion control measures.
n. Location of 100-year floodplain limits and wetland boundaries.
o. Names of owners of record,both public and private,of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary;if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of
the mine tract,names of owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts,that are within 1,000 feet of
the mining permit boundary, must be provided on the mine map.
-3 -

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
p. Names of owners of record,both public and private,of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary which lie directly across and are contiguous to any highway,creek,stream,river,or
other watercourse,railroad track,or utility or other public right-of-way.If an adjoining tract is owned
or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract,names of owners of record of
tracts adjoining these tracts, that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary, must be
provided on the mine map(s). NOTE: "Highway"means a road that has four lanes of travel or less
and is not designated as an Interstate Highway.
q. Map legend:
1. Name of applicant
2. Name of mine
3. North arrow
4. County
5. Scale
6. Symbols used and corresponding names
7. Date prepared and revised
8. Name and title of person preparing map
• Map scales should meet the following guidelines:
PERMITTED ACREAGE MAP SCALE
0-49 Acres 1 inch= 50 feet
50-199 Acres 1 inch= 100 feet
200+Acres 1 inch=200 feet
(NOTE: Smaller scaled maps may be acceptable if they clearly illustrate the above items)
•
•
-4-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
A table/chart must be provided on the mine map that clearly lists the approximate acreage of tailings/sediment
ponds, stockpiles, wastepiles, processing"area/haul roads,mine excavation and any other major aspect of the
mining operation that is proposed to be affected/disturbed during the life of the mining permit. A table/chart
similar to the following will be acceptable:
CATEGORY AFFECTED ACREAGE
Tailings/Sediment Ponds 2.48
Stockpiles 0.63
Wastepiles 0
Processing Area/Haul Roads 1.62
Mine Excavation 4.13
Other(Berms, ditches shoulder) 3.67
+(Buffers)
Total Disturbed Acreage 12.53
NOTE:
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE, THE MAPS MUST ALSO INCLUDE ANY SITE-SPECIFIC
INFORMATION THAT IS PROVIDED IN THE ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN
THIS APPLICATION FORM (PLEASE NOTE THE ITALICIZED QUESTIONS/STATEMENTS
THROUGHOUT THE FORM). THIS APPLICATION WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED COMPLETE
WITHOUT ALL RELEVANT ITEMS BEING ADEQUATELY ADDRESSED ON THE MINE MAPS.
-5-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
i 'PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
1. Describe in detail the sequence of events for the development and operation of the mine and reference the
sequence to the mine map(s). Attach additional sheets as needed.
2.
Mine development will begin with the installation of the soil and erosion controls as shown on the soil and
erosion control map. Once the entrance roads have been improved and provided with ditches,the mine area
will be secured by placing the controls as shown on the attached maps. Sand will be removed from the site as
needed and the stone to be processed will be brought to the site and stockpiled for processing.
2. Describe specific erosion control measures to be installed prior to land disturbing activities and during
mining to prevent offsite sedimentation(include specific plans for sediment and erosion control for mine
excavation(s), waste piles, access/mine roads and process areas), and give a detailed sequence of
installation and schedule for maintenance of the measures. Locate and label all sediment and erosion
control measures on the mine map(s) and provide typical cross-sections/construction details of each
measure. Engineering designs and calculations are required to justify the adequacy of any proposed
measures.
See attached soil and erosion control details and the attached maps for their locations.
3. a. Will the operation involve washing the material mined, recycling process water, or other waste water
handling? Yes X No D. If yes,briefly describe all such processes including any chemicals to be used.
b. Will the operation involve discharging fresh or waste water from the mine or plant as a point discharge to
the waters of the State? Yes ❑ No X. If yes, briefly describe the nature of the discharge and locate
all proposed discharge points (along with their method of stabilization) on your mine map(s).
-6-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING-PERMIT
c. Will any part of the proposed mine excavation(s) extend below the water table? Yes ❑ No x.
If yes, do you intend to dewater the excavation(s)? Yes ❑ No X.
If yes,what impact,if any,will mine dewatering have on neighboring wells? Estimated withdrawal rate
in gallons per day: . Locate all existing wells on the mine map(s) that lie within
500 feet of the proposed excavation area. Provide data to support any conclusions or statements made,
including any monitoring well data,well construction data and current water withdrawal rates. Indicate
whether the proposed mine locale is served by a public water system or private wells.
No excavations
d. If you answered yes to any of the above questions, provide evidence that you have applied for or
obtained the appropriate water quality permit(s)(i.e.,non-discharge,NPDES,Stormwater,etc.)from the
Division of Water Quality,Water Quality Section. In addition,the applicant is required to register water
use with the Division of Water Resources if the operation withdraws more than 10,000 gallons per day
and needs a capacity use permit from the Division of Water Resources if the operation lies in a capacity
use area and withdraws more than 100,000 gallons per day.
Water Quality has been contacted and the proper permit is being evaluated corporately.
( 4. a. Will the operation involve crushing or any other air contaminant emissions? Yes X No ❑
`�/ If yes, indicate evidence that you have applied for or obtained an air quality permit issued by the
Division of Air Quality or local governing body.
See attached letter to the Division of Air Quality concerning mobile air emission sources and requesting a
site inspection once the system is operational.
b. How will dust from stockpiles, haul roads, etc.,be controlled?
Dusts at the mine site will.be controlled by wet suppression
-7-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
.5. a. A buffer will be required between any mining activity and any mining permit boundary or right-of-
way. It may be an unexcavated buffer (no excavation, but roadways, berms and erosion &
sedimentation control measures may be installed within it), an undisturbed buffer (no disturbance
within the buffer whatsoever),or a combination of the two,depending upon the site conditions. Note
that all buffers must be located within the mining permit boundaries.
How wide a buffer will be maintained between any mining activity and any mining permit boundary
or right-of-way at this site? A minimum buffer of 25.feet is recommended,although a wider buffer
may be needed depending on site conditions. Show all buffer locations and widths on the mine
map(s).
A minimum 25' buffer will be maintained with the two property owners to the north and south. The buffer
at the Cane River is 200 feet unexcavated but there will be a service road in the buffer along the mine site. A
50 foot unexcavated-buffer will be established along State Road 1379.
b. A minimum 50 foot wide undisturbed buffer will be required between any land disturbing activities
within the mining permit boundaries and any natural watercourses and wetlands unless smaller
undisturbed buffers can be justified. Depending on site conditions,a buffer wider than 50 feet may
be needed.
How wide an undisturbed buffer will be maintained between any land disturbing activities within the
mining permit boundaries and any natural watercourses and wetlands at this site? Show all buffer
locations and widths on the mine map(s).
A 200 foot unexcavated buffer will be established along the Cane River. See map for details.
6. a. Describe methods to prevent landslide or slope instability adjacent to adjoining permit boundaries
during mining. Minimum 2 horizontal to 1 vertical slopes or flatter for clayey material and
minimum 3 horizontal to 1 vertical slopes or flatter for sandy material are generally required,unless
technical justification can be provided to allow steeper slopes.
The pit left by the removal of sand will be sloped at a 2:1.above the water level and 1.5:1 below water level at
reclamation. Material trucked to the site and stockpiled at the site will be stored and sloped in lifts to avoid
slope failures and damage to adjacent property.
-8-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
b. Provide a cross-section on the mine map(s) for all fill slopes (berms, wastepiles, overburden
disposal areas, etc.), clearly indicating the intended side slope gradient, installation of any benches
and/or slope drains (with supporting design information) if needed, and the method of final
stabilization.
'See Attached
c. In excavation(s)of unconsolidated(non-rock)materials,specify the angle of all cut slopes including
specifications for benching and sloping. Cross-sections for all cut slopes must be provided on the
mine map(s).
See Attached
d. In hardrock excavations,specify proposed bench widths and heights in feet. Provide cross-sections
of the mine excavation clearly noting the angles of the cut slopes, widths of all safety benches and
mine benches, and the expected maximum depth of the excavation.
N/A
7. Describe other methods to be taken during mining to prevent physical hazard to any neighboring dwelling
house, public road, public, commercial or industrial building from any mine excavation. Locate all such
structures on the mine map if they are within 300 feet of any proposed excavation.
Fencing and signs will be used to prevent entry and warn of dangers. State road SR 1379 is protected by a
buffer and berm with fence. See Attached Map
8. Describe what kind of barricade will be used to prevent inadvertent public access along any high wall area
and when it will be implemented. Vegetated earthen berms, appropriate fencing and adequate boulder
barriers may be acceptable high wall barricades. A construction detail/cross-section and location of each
type of barricade to be used must be indicated on the mine map(s).
See Attached details of fencing used to prevent entry to the mine site.
•
•
-9-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
�. Are acid producing minerals or soils present? Yes ❑ No X.
If yes, how will acid water pollution from the excavation, stockpiles and waste areas be controlled?
10. a. Describe specific plans (including a schedule of implementation) for screening the operation from
public view such as maintaining or planting trees,bushes or other vegetation,building berms or other
measures. Show the location of all visual screening on the mine map(s)and provide cross-sections
through all proposed berms or proposed spacing, sizes and species for tree plantings.
A berm will be constructed during the first phase of construction,to restrict the public view if the site. Because
of the location the site the stockpiled materials will be visible but will be removed as they are processed.
b. Could the operation have a significantly adverse effect on the purposes of a publicly owned park,
forest or recreation area? If so, how will such effects (i.e., noise, visibility, etc.) be mitigated?
No
11. Will explosives be used? Yes ❑ No X.
If yes, specify the types of explosive(s) and describe what precaution(s)will be used to prevent physical
hazard to persons or neighboring property from flying rocks or excessive air blasts or ground vibrations.
Depending on the mine's location to nearby structures, more detailed technical information may be
required on the blasting program(such as a third-party blasting study). Locate the nearest offsite occupied
structure(s) to the proposed excavation(s) on the mine map and indicate its approximate distance to the
proposed excavation.
12. Will fuel tanks, solvents, or other chemical reagents be stored on-site? Yes ❑ No X.
Ifyes, describe these materials, how they will be stored and method of containment in case of spill. Indicate
the location(s) of all storage facilities on the mine map(s).
10

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
2ECLAMATION PLAN
1. Describe your intended plan for the final'reclamation and subsequent use of all affected lands and indicate
the sequence and general methods to be used in reclaiming this land. This must include the method of
reclamation of settling ponds and/or sediment control basins and the method of restoration or establishment
of any permanent drainage channels to a condition minimizing erosion, siltation and other pollution. This
information must be illustrated on a reclamation map and must correspond directly with the information
provided on the mine map(s). In addition, design information, including typical cross-sections, of any
permanent channels to be constructed as part of the reclamation plan and the location(s) of all permanent
channels must be indicated on the reclamation map.
Any and all buildings usable as real property will remain intact as well as the entrance road for access and any
roads needed to access adjoining property. Buildings and outside equipment not usable will be torn down,
removed and recycled and the areas graded and sloped to blend with surrounding topography. All soil and
erosion control measures will be left in place (as feasible)until all areas are stable. When the areas are stable,
the controls will be removed and or converted to armored ditches. The excavation area will be properly slopes
and converted to a pond.
2. Is an excavated or impounded body of water to be left as a part of the reclamation? Yes X No ❑.
- If yes, illustrate the location of the body(s) of water on the reclamation map and provide a scaled
cross-section(s) through the proposed body(s) ofwater. The minimum water depth must be at least 4 feet,
measured from the normal low water table elevation,unless information is provided to indicate that a more
shallow water body will be productive and beneficial at this site. -
Will the body(s) of water be stocked with fish? Yes ❑ No X.
If yes, specify species.
North Carolina Wildlife services will be contacted for comments if the body of water were to be stocked with
fish.
3. Describe provisions for safety to persons and to adjoining property in all completed excavations in rock
including what kind of permanent barricade will be left. Acceptable permanent barricades are appropriate
fencing, large boulders placed end-to-end, etc. Construction details and locations of all permanent
barricades must be shown on the reclamation map.
See attached fencing details.
- 11 -

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
Indicate the method(s)of reclamation of overburden,refuse,spoil banks or other such on-site mine waste
areas, including specifications for benching and sloping. Final cross-sections and locations for such
areas must be provided on the reclamation map.
The excavated areas should be backfilled with any overburden or waste produced at the site. Any finished
slopes will be a minimum of 2:1 and flatter as natural slope permits.
•
5. a. Describe reclamation of processing facilities, stockpile areas, and on-site roadways.
Any and all buildings usable as real property will remain intact as well as the entrance road for access and any
roads needed to access adjoining property. The processing equipment is mobile equipment and will simpley be
removed.
b. Will any on-site roadways be left as part of the reclamation? Yes X No O.
Ifyes, identifysuch roadways on the reclamation map and provide details on permanent road and ditch
line stabilization.
The entrance road will be left to access the property for future use and as needed by the property owner for
access to the other parts of his property.
6. Describe the method of control of contaminants and disposal of scrap metal,junk machinery,cables,or
other such waste products of mining. (Note definition of refuse in The Mining Act of 1971.)
No off-site generated waste shall be disposed of on the mine site without prior written approval
from the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources,Land Quality Section and either
the Division of Waste Management(DWM) or local governing body. If a disposal permit has been
issued by DWM for the site, a copy of said permit must be attached to this application. All
temporary and permanent refuse disposal areas must be clearly delineated on the mine map(s) and
reclamation map, along with a list of items to be disposed in said areas.
•
Used oil and other wastes generated by the mining activity will be shipped offsite for proper disposal. Scrap
metal and other usable materials will be recycled on a regular and as needed basis. Any lay down yard for
used equipment and spare parts will be maintained in a neat and orderly fashion.
- 12-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
, :7. Describe your plan for revegetation or other surface treatment of the affected areas. This plan must
) include recommendations for year-round seeding,including the time of seeding and the amount and type
of seed, fertilizer, lime and mulch per acre. The recommendations must include general seeding
instructions for both permanent and temporary revegetation. Revegetation utilizing only tree plantings is
not acceptable. Recommendations can be sought from:
a. Authorized representatives of the local Soil and Water Conservation District;
b. Authorized representatives of the Division of Forest Resources, Department of Environment and
Natural Resources;
c. Authorized county representatives of the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service,specialists
and research faculty with the Colleges of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Forest Resources at
North Carolina State University;
d. North Carolina licensed landscape architects;
e. Private consulting foresters referred by the Division of Forest Resources, Department of
Environment and Natural Resources;
f. N.C. Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Manual;
g. N.C. Surface Mining Manual: A Guide for Permitting, Operation and.Reclamation;
h. Others as may be approved by the Department.
LIME - RATE OF APPLICATION (tons/acre):
2,000#/Acre
FERTILIZER-ANALYSIS AND RATE OF APPLICATION (pounds/acre):
10-10-10- analysis, 1,000#/Acre
SEED - TYPE(S) AND RATE(S) OF APPLICATION INCLUDING YEAR-ROUND SEEDING
SCHEDULE (pounds/acre): [NOTE: Include Legumes]
Seed Types: Seeding Dates: Seeding Rates:
See Attached
MULCH-TYPE AND RATE OF APPLICATION(pounds/acre)AND METHOD OF ANCHORING:
OTHER VEGETATIVE COVERS —TYPE (S) AND RATE (S) OF APPLICATION INCLUDING
SEEDING SCHEDULE (pounds/acre, trees/acre, spacing of trees/shrubs, etc):
Revegetation and/o of e ' n plan approved by:
Signatur Dat ' e0eirZ)2
Print Name/Th as Freeman
Title Certified Professional in Soil and Erosion Control
Agency SCS
- 13 -

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
`DETERMINATION OF AFFECTED ACREAGE AND BOND
The following bond calculation worksheet is to be used to establish an appropriate bond(based upon a range
of$500 to $5,000 per affected acre)for each permitted mine site based upon the acreage approved by the
Department to be affected during the life of the mining permit. Please insert the approximate acreage,for each
aspect of the mining operation, that you intend to affect during the life of this mining permit(in addition,please
insert the appropriate reclamation cost/acre for each category from the Schedule of Reclamation Costs
provided with this application form) OR you can defer to the Department to calculate your bond for you based
upon your maps and standard reclamation costs:
AFFECTED RECLAMATION RECLAMATION
CATEGORY ACREAGE COST/ACRE* COST
Tailings/Sediment Ponds: Ac. X $ /Ac. = $
Stockpiles: Ac. X $ /Ac. = $
•
Wastepiles: Ac. X $ /Ac. = $
Processing Area/Haul Roads: Ac. X $ /Ac. = $
Mine Excavation: Ac. X $ /Ac. =
Other: Ac. X $ /Ac. = $
TOTAL AFFECTED AC.: Ac.
'OTAL PERMITTED AC.: Ac.)
Temporary&Permanent Sedimentation &Erosion Control Measures:
Divide the TOTAL AFFECTED AC. above into the following two categories: a) affected acres that drain into
proposed/existing excavation and/or b)affected acres that will be graded for positive drainage where measures will
be needed to prevent offsite sedimentation and sedimentation to onsite watercourses and wetlands.
a) Internal Drainage Ac.
b) Positive Drainage Ac. X $1,500.00 = $
SUBTOTAL COST: $
Inflation Factor:
0.02 X SUBTOTAL COST: $ X Permit Life (1 to 10 years):
INFLATION COST: $
TOTAL COST = SUBTOTAL COST+ INFLATION COST = $
Total Reclamation Bond Cost: $
(round down to the nearest$100.00)
- 14-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
F._ NOTIFICATION OF ADJOINING LANDOWNERS
Abe"Notice"form,or a facsimile thereof,attached to this application must be sent certified or registered mail,
return receipt requested,to:
(1) the chief administrative officer of each county and municipality in which anypart of the permitted
area is located as indicated on the mine map(s);
(2) all owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary;if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor
of the mine tract, all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified (that are
within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary) as indicated on the mine map(s);.and
(3). all owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary which lie directly across and are contiguous to any highway,creek,stream,river,
or other watercourse,railroad track,or utility or other public right-of-way.If an adjoining tract is
owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract,all owners of record of
tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified (that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit
boundary)as indicated on the mine map(s). "Highway"means a road that has four lanes of travel
or less and is not designated as an Interstate Highway.
The only exception to the above method of giving notice is if another means of notice is approved in advance by
the Director, Division of Land-Resources. V
A copy of a tax map (or other alternative acceptable to the Department) must be mailed with the completed
"Notice" form (the proposed overall permit boundaries and the names and locations of all owners of
record.of lands adjoining said boundaries must be clearly denoted on the tax map).
The"Affidavit of Notification"attached to this application must be completed,notarized and submitted to the
Depaitunent,with the remainder of the completed application form, before the application will beconsidered
complete.
NOTES:
THIS SECTION MUST BE COMPLETED FOR ALL APPLICATIONS FOR NEW MINING PERMITS
AND ALL MODIFICATIONS OF A MINING PERMIT TO ADD LAND TO THE PERMITTED AREA,AS
REQUIRED BY NCGS 74-50(bl).
SEE THE NEXT TWO PAGES FOR THE "NOTICE" FORM AND THE "AFFIDAVIT OF
NOTIFICATION" V
- 15-

NOTICE
-.`ant to provisions G.S. 74-50(b1) of The Mining Act of 1971,Notice is hereby given that
Young—McQueen Grading Company, Inc. has applied on September 8, 2008
(Applicant Name) (Date)
to the Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources,North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1612, for (check one):
X a new surface mining permit,
❑ a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area; or
❑ a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area with no disturbance
in the area proposed. Please note that future modification(s) may be submitted by the applicant to
allow disturbance within this area without re-notification of adjoining landowners.
The applicant proposes to mine: sand(and screen stone) on 12.53 acres located 6
(Mineral, Ore) (Number) (Miles)
West of Burnsville off/near road 19W & SR1379
(Direction) (Nearest Town) (Number/Name)
in Yancey County.
*SEE ATTACHED MAP FOR PROPOSED PERMIT BOUNDARIES AND CORRESPONDING
.: ;;`OINING LANDOWNER NAMES AND LOCATIONS*
•
In accordance with G.S. 74-50(b1), the mine operator is required to make a reasonable effort, satisfactory to the
Department,to notify all owners of record,both public and private,of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary;if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract,
all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified(that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit
boundary). In addition, the mine operator must also notify the chief administrative officer of the county or
municipality in which any part of the permitted area is located. Any person may file written comment(s) to the
Department at the above address within thirty(30)days of the issuance of this Notice or the filing of the application
for a permit,whichever is later. Should the Department determine that a significant public interest exists relative to
G.S. 74-51,a public hearing will be held within 60 days of the end of the 30-day comment period specified above.
A copy of the permit application materials is on file and available for public review during normal business
hours at the above listed address as well as at the appropriate regional office. For information regarding the
specifics of the proposed mining activity,please contact the applicant at the following telephone number:
828-682-7714 . For information on the mining permit application review process,please
contact the Mining Program staff at(919) 733-4574. Please note that the,Department will consider any relevant
written comments/documentation within the provisions of the Mining Act of 1971 throughout the application
review process until a final decision is made on the application.
Johnny Banks and wife,Marvetta J. Banks Samuel Young, Young—McQueen Grading
496 Prices Creek Road, Burnsville, NC 28714 Company,Inc
(Addressee/Owner of Record's (Name of Applicant: Include Contact Person
Name and Address) & Company Name,if Applicable)
ember 17. 2008 25 Crest View Road, Burnsville,NC 28714.
of Issuance of this Notice/ (Address of Applicant)
Mailed to Addressee/Owner of Record)
- 16- .

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Freeman'Environmental Consulting, LLC
31 Cross Street, Suite 229
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
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NOTICE
__,,ant to provisions G.S. 74-50(bl) of The Mining Act of 1971,Notice is hereby given that
i'7
Young—McQueen Grading Company, Inc. has applied on September,, 2008
(Applicant Name) (Date)
to the Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources,North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1612, for(check one):
X a new surface mining permit,
n a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area; or
❑ a modification of an existing surface mining-permit to add land to the permitted area with no disturbance
in the area proposed. Please note that future modification(s) may be submitted by the applicant to
allow disturbance within this area without re-notification of adjoining landowners.
The applicant proposes to mine: sand (and screen stone) on 12.53 acres located 6
(Mineral, Ore) (Number) (Miles)
West of Burnsville off/near road 19W& SR1379
(Direction) (Nearest Town) (Number/Name)
in Yancey County.
*SEE ATTACHED MAP FOR PROPOSED PERMIT BOUNDARIES AND CORRESPONDING
t_Ix-JOINING INING LANDOWNER NAMES AND LOCATIONS*
In accordance with G.S. 74-50(b1), the mine operator is required to make a reasonable effort, satisfactory to the
Department,to notify all owners of record,both public and private,of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary;if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract,
all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified(that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit
boundary). In addition, the mine operator must also notify the chief administrative officer of the county or
municipality in which any part of the permitted area is located. Any person may file written comment(s) to the
Department at the above address within thirty(30)days of the issuance of this Notice or the filing of the application
for a permit,whichever is later. Should the Department determine that a significant public interest exists relative to
G.S. 74-51, a public hearing will be held within 60 days of the end of the 30-day comment period specified above.
A copy of the permit application materials is on file and available for public review during normal business
hours at the above listed address as well as at the appropriate regional office. For information regarding the
specifics of the proposed mining activity, please contact the applicant at the following telephone number:
828-682-7714 . For information on the mining permit application review process,please
contact the Mining Program staff at [phone]. Please note that the Department will consider any relevant
written comments/documentation within the provisions of the Mining Act of 1971 throughout the application
review process until a final decision is made on the application.
Harley & Peggy Fox Samuel Young, Young—McQueen Grading
635 Lickskillet Road, Burnsville,NC 28714 Company. Inc
(Addressee/Owner of Record's (Name of Applicant: Include Contact Person
Name and Address) & Company Name, if Applicable)
nber 17, 2008 25 Crest View Road, Burnsville,NC 28714
of Issuance of this Notice/ (Address of Applicant)
Mailed to Addressee/Owner of Record)
16 •
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Freeman Environmental Consulting, LLC
31 Cross Street, Suite 229
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
•
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NOTICE
__-°.grit to provisions G.S. 74-50(b1) of The Mining Act of 1971,Notice is hereby given that
Young—McQueen Grading Company, Inc. has applied on September 2008
(Applicant Name) (Date)
to the Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources,North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1612, for(check one):
X a new surface mining permit,
❑ a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area; or
n a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area with no disturbance
in the area proposed. Please note that future modification(s) may be submitted by the applicant to
allow disturbance within this area without re-notification of adjoining landowners.
The applicant proposes to mine: sand (and screen stone) on 12.53 acres located 6
(Mineral, Ore) (Number) (Miles)
West of Burnsville off/near road 19W & SR1379
(Direction) (Nearest Town) (Number/Name)
in Yancey County.
*SEE ATTACHED MAP FOR PROPOSED PERMIT BOUNDARIES AND CORRESPONDING
_:l JINING LANDOWNER NAMES AND LOCATIONS*
In accordance with G.S. 74-50(b1), the mine operator is required to make a reasonable effort, satisfactory to the
Department,to notify all owners of record,both public and private,of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary;if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract,
all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified(that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit
boundary). In addition, the mine operator must also notify the chief administrative officer of the county or
municipality in which any part of the permitted area is located. Any person may file written comment(s) to the
Department at the above address within thirty(30)days of the issuance of this Notice or the filing of the application
for a permit,whichever is later. Should the Department determine that a significant public interest exists relative to
G.S. 74-51,a public hearing will be held within 60 days of the end of the 30-day comment period specified above.
A copy of the permit application materials is on file and available for public review during normal business
hours at the above listed address as well as at the appropriate regional office. For information regarding the
specifics of the proposed mining activity, please contact the applicant at the following telephone number:
828-682-7714 For information on the mining permit application review process, please
contact the Mining Program staff at [phone]. Please note that the Department will consider any relevant
written comments/documentation within the provisions of the Mining Act of 1971 throughout the application
review process until a final decision is made on the application.
John Hiram&Kathleen Young L/E % John B Young Samuel Young, Young—McQueen Grading
807 Whittington Road, Burnsville,NC 28714 Company, Inc
(Addressee/Owner of Record's (Name of Applicant: Include Contact Person
Name and Address) & Company Name, if Applicable)
tuber 17,2008 25 Crest View Road, Burnsville,NC 28714
of Issuance of this Notice/ (Address of Applicant)
Mailed to Addressee/Owner of Record)
• • - 16-

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Freeman Environmental Consulting, LLC .
• .31 Cross Street, Suite 229 • .
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
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NOTICE
, _::iant to provisions G.S. 74-50(b1) of The Mining Act of 1971,Notice is hereby given that
Young—McQueen Grading Company, Inc. has applied on September 8, 2008
(Applicant Name) (Date)
' to the Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources,North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1612, for (check one): •
X a new surface mining permit,
❑ a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area; or
❑ a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area with no disturbance
in the area proposed. Please note that future modification(s) may be submitted by the applicant to
allow disturbance within this area without re-notification of adjoining landowners.
The applicant proposes to mine: sand(and screen stone) on 12.53 acres located 6
(Mineral, Ore) (Number) (Miles)
West of Burnsville off/near road 19W& SR1379
(Direction) (Nearest Town) (Number/Name).
in Yancey County.
*SEE ATTACHED MAP FOR PROPOSED PERMIT BOUNDARIES AND CORRESPONDING
LdJOINING LANDOWNER NAMES AND LOCATIONS*
In accordance with G.S. 74-50(b1), the mine operator is required to make a reasonable effort, satisfactory to the
Department,to notify all owners of record,both public and private,of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary;if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract,
all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified(that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit
boundary). In addition, the mine operator must also notify the chief administrative officer of the county or
municipality in which any part of the permitted area is located. Any person may file written Vcomment(s) to the
Department at the above address within thirty(30)days of the issuance of this Notice or the filing of the application
for a permit,whichever is later. Should the Department determine that a significant public interest exists relative to
G.S. 74-51,a public hearing will.be held within 60 days of the end of the 30-day comment period specified above.
A copy of the permit application materials is on file and available for public review during normal business
hours at the above listed address as well as at the appropriate regional office. For information regarding the
specifics of the proposed mining activity, please contact the applicant at the following telephone number:
828-682-7714 V . V For information on the mining permit application review process,please
contact the Mining Program staff at(919) 733-4574. Please note that the Department will consider any relevant
written comments/documentation within the provisions of the Mining Act of 1971 throughout the application
review process until a final decision is made on the application.
Stokes Austin&wife Pauline Austin V Samuel Young, Young—McQueen Grading
Blankenship Creek Road,Burnsville,NC 28714 Corn•an Inc
(Addressee/Owner of Record's V (Name of Applicant: Include Contact Person
Name and Address) V & Company Name, if Applicable)
;tember 17,2008 . . 25 Crest View Road, Burnsville,NC 28714
mate of Issuance of this Notice/ (Address of Applicant)
Mailed to Addressee/Owner of Record)
- 1 •
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Freeman Environmental Consulting, LLC
31 Cross Street, Suite 229
.Iii 1111111\i11111111 Ilt
• Spruce Pine, NC 28777
. . .
7007 3020 0001 4427 9956
. .
700.7 3020 0001 4427 99.56
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NOTICE
•
_Ant to provisions G.S. 74-50(bl) of The Mining Act of 1971,Notice is hereby given that.
i7
Young—McQueen Grading Company. Inc. has applied on September$, 2008
(Applicant Name) (Date)
to the Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources,North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1612, for(check one):
X a new surface mining permit,
7 a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area; or
❑ a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area with no disturbance
in the area proposed. Please note that future modification(s) may be submitted by the applicant to
allow disturbance within this area without re-notification of adjoining landowners.
•
The applicant proposes to mine: sand (and screen stone) on 12.53 acres located 6
(Mineral, Ore) (Number) (Miles)
West of Burnsville off/near road 19W& SR1379
(Direction) (Nearest Town) (Number/Name)
in Yancey County.
*SEE ATTACHED MAP FOR PROPOSED PERMIT BOUNDARIES AND CORRESPONDING
.:,•DINING LANDOWNER NAMES AND LOCATIONS*
In accordance with G.S. 74-50(b1), the mine operator is required to make a reasonable effort, satisfactory to the
Department,to notify all owners of record,both public and private,of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary; if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract,
all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified(that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit
boundary). In addition, the mine operator must also notify the chief administrative officer of the county or
municipality in which any part of the permitted area is located. Any person may file written comment(s) to the .
Department at the above address within thirty(30)days of the issuance of this Notice or the filing of the application
for a permit,whichever is later. Should the Department determine that a significant public interest exists relative to
G.S. 74-51, a public hearing will be held within 60 days of the end of the 30-day comment period specified above.
A copy of the permit application materials is on file and available for public review during normal business
hours at the above listed address as well as at the appropriate regional office. For information regarding the
specifics of the proposed mining activity, please contact the applicant at the following telephone number:
828-682-7714 . . For information on the mining permit application review process,please
contact the Mining Program staff at [phone]. Please note that the Department will consider any relevant
written comments/documentation within the provisions of the Mining Act of 1971 throughout the application
review process until a final decision is made on the application.
Alan & Shelia R. Cunningham Samuel Young, Young—McQueen Grading •
518 US Highway 19W, Burnsville,NC 28714 Company, Inc
(Addressee/Owner of Record's (Name of Applicant: Include Contact Person
Name and Address) & Company Name, if Applicable)
ember 8, 2008 25 Crest View Road, Burnsville,NC 28714
.y_Jte of Issuance of this Notice/ (Address of Applicant)
Mailed to Addressee/Owner of Record)
- 16-

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Freeman Environmental Consulting, LLC
: .
31 Cross Street, Suite 229 . Ill 1.111111111111 I .11111,
• . .
Sprupe Pine, NC 28777 1 •
. I .
. . • .
•
• • 71307 3020 01301 4 427 9994 :
__. .._..... .
• • 7007 3020 0001 4427 9994
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' _

NOTICE
-ant to provisions G.S. 74-50(b1) of The Mining Act of 1971,Notice is hereby given that
/7
Young—McQueen Grading Company, Inc. has applied on September,,2008
(Applicant Name) (Date)
to the Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources,North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1612, for(check one):
X a new surface mining permit,
D a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area; or
❑ a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area with no disturbance
in the area proposed. Please note that future modification(s) may be submitted by the applicant to
allow disturbance within this area without re-notification of adjoining landowners.
The applicant proposes to mine: sand (and screen stone) on 12.53 acres located 6
(Mineral, Ore) (Number) (Miles)
West of Burnsville off/near road 19W & SR1379
(Direction) (Nearest Town) (Number/Name)
in Yancey County.
*SEE ATTACHED MAP FOR PROPOSED PERMIT BOUNDARIES AND CORRESPONDING
�_:,�JINING LANDOWNER NAMES AND LOCATIONS*
In accordance with G.S. 74-50(b1), the mine operator is required to make a reasonable effort, satisfactory to the
Department,to notify all owners of record,both public and private,of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary;if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine'tract,
all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified(that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit
boundary). In addition, the mine operator must also notify the chief administrative officer of the county or
municipality in which any part of the permitted area is located. Any person may file written comment(s) to the
Department at the above address within thirty(30)days of the issuance of this Notice or the filing of the application
for a permit,whichever is later. Should the Department determine that a significant public interest exists relative to
G.S. 74-51;a public hearing will be held within 60 days of the end of the 30-day comment period specified above.
A copy of the permit application materials is on file and available for public review during normal business
hours at the above listed address as well as at the appropriate regional office. For information regarding the
specifics of the proposed mining activity, please contact the applicant at the following telephone number:
828-682-7714 . For information on the mining permit application review process, please
contact the Mining Program staff at [phone]. Please note that the Department will consider any relevant
written comments/documentation within the provisions of the Mining Act of 1971 throughout the application
review process until a final decision is made on the application.
Michele P. Lawhern, County Manager Samuel Young, Young—McQueen Grading
110 Town Square,Room 11, Burnsville,NC 28714 Company, Inc
(Addressee/Owner of Record's (Name of Applicant: Include Contact Person
Name and Address) & Company Name, if Applicable)
mber 17, 2008 25 Crest View Road, Burnsville,NC 28714
�..� of Issuance of this Notice/ (Address of Applicant)
Mailed to Addressee/Owner of Record)
- 16-

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riVit • N 01Sql.N0,07-;etir•Oric0 cpvR00,1?rowdqc1),,,
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Postage $
Certified Fee
ra
Postmark
erir CI Return Receipt Fee Here
L7 0 (Endorsement Required)
ONE, 1=1 CI
Restricted Delivery Fee
etaai mamismotstamosamin En (Endorsement Required) •
ruVru
CI• D Total Postage&Fees $ •
mm
Sent To
N Michele P. Lawhern
r=i 1=1
Street Apt No.;
or PO Box No. Yancey County Manager •
•
City,State,ZIP+4 110 Town Square, Room I 1
1*-F,,90;.n99;4014'5 7t-V....AMMTIV149.tignA
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•
NOTICE
nt to provisions G.S. 74-50(b1) of The.Mining Act of 1971,Notice is hereby given that
i7
Young—McQueen Grading Company, Inc. has applied on September it, 2008
(Applicant Name) (Date)
Co.the Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources,North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1612, for (check one):
X a new surface mining permit,
❑ a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area; or
•
❑ a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area with no disturbance
in the area proposed. Please note that future modification(s) may be submitted by the applicant to
allow disturbance within this area without re-notification of adjoining landowners.
The applicant proposes to mine: sand(and screen stone) on 12.53 acres located 6
(Mineral, Ore) (Number) (Miles)
West of Burnsville off/near road 19W & SR1379
(Direction) (Nearest Town) (Number/Name)
in Yancey • County.
*SEE ATTACHED MAP FOR PROPOSED PERMIT BOUNDARIES-AND CORRESPONDING
,i')INING LANDOWNER NAMES AND LOCATIONS*
In accordance with G.S. 74-50(bl), the mine operator is required to make a reasonable effort, satisfactory to the •
Department,to notify all owners of record,both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary;if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract,
all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified(that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit
boundary). In addition, the mine operator must also notify the chief administrative officer of the county or
municipality in which any part of the permitted area is located. Any person may file written comment(s) to the
Department at the above address within thirty(30) days of the issuance of this Notice or the filing of the application
for a permit,whichever is later. Should the'Department determine that a significant public interest exists relative to
G.S. 74-51, a public hearing will be held within 60 days of the end of the 30-day comment period specified above.
A copy of the permit application materials is on file and available for public review during normal business
hours at the above listed address as well as at the appropriate regional office. For information regarding the
specifics of the proposed mining activity, please contact the applicant at the following telephone number:
828-682-7714 . For information.on the mining permit application review process, please
contact the Mining Program staff at [phone]. Please note that the Department will consider any-relevant •
written comments/documentation within the provisions of the Mining Act of 1971 throughout.the'application . •
review process until a final decision is made on the application.
Bruce and Mildred McIntosh LIE Samuel Young, Young-McQueen Grading
1040 Bald Mtn. Road, Burnsville,NC 28714 Company, Inc
(Addressee/Owner of Record's (Name of Applicant: Include Contact Person
Name and Address) & Company Name, if Applicable)
amber 8, 2008 25 Crest View Road, Burnsville,NC 28714
of Issuance of this Notice/ (Address of Applicant)
Mailed to Addressee/Owner of Record)
•
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APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
AFFIDAVIT OF NOTIFICATION .
1, Samuel Young, President, Young—McQueen Grading Company, Inc , an
applicant, or an agent, or employee of an applicant, for a new Mining Permit, or a modification of an existing
Mining Permit to add land to the permitted area,from the N.C.Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
being first duly sworn,do hereby attest that the following are all known owners of record,both public and private,of
all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining permit boundary (including, where an adjoining tract is owned or
leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract, all owners of record of tracts adjoining these
tracts,that are.within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary)and that notice of the pending application has been
caused to be mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to said owners of record at their
addresses shown below, such notice being given on a form provided by the Department:
(Adjoining Landowner Name) (Address)
John Hiram&Kathleen Young L/E % John B Young 807 Whittington Road,Burnsville,NC 28714
Harley&Peggy Fox 635 Lickskillet Road, Burnsville,NC 287141321
Alan& Shelia R. Cunningham 518 US Highway 19W, Burnsville,NC 28714
Bruce and Mildred McIntosh L/E, 1040 Bald Mtn.Road, Burnsville,NC 28714
Stokes Austin&wife Pauline Austin 127 Blankenship Creek Road, Burnsville,NC 28714
Johnny Banks and wife,Marvetta J. Banks 496 Prices Creek Road,Burnsville,NC 28714
(Attach additional list if necessary)
I do also attest that the following individual is the chief administrative officer of the county or municipality in which
any part of the permitted area is located and that notice of the pending application has been caused to be mailed,by
certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to said office at the following address:
of Administrative Officer Name)- (Address)
City Manager, County Manager, Mayor, etc.]
Michele P. Lawhern,Yancey County Manager. 110 Town Square,Room 11, Burnsville,NC 28714
The above attestation was made by me while under oath to provide proof satisfactory to the Department that a
reasonable effort has been made to notify all known owners of record,both public and private, of all tracts of land
that are adjoining the mining permit boundary (including, where an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the
applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract, all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts,that are
within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary)and the chief administrative officer of the county or municipality in
which any part of the permitted area is located in compliance withN.C.G.S.74-50(bl)and 15ANCAC 5B.0004(d).
I understand that it is the responsibility of the applicant to retain the receipts of mailing showing that the above
noti s wer caus to be mailed and to provide them to the Department upon request.
Signature o Applicant or Agent Date
If person executing Affidavit is an agent or employee of an applicant,provide the following information:
Name of applicant:
Title of person executing Affidavit
I,Jam* YeQln a Notary Public of the County of yhok.E t/
State of North Carolina, do hereby certify that in. K. ye....,
appeared before,me this day and under oath acknowledged that the abc e Affidavit was made by him/her.
Witness my hard and not rial seal,this I ` 'A' day of 20 a.
ry: =� ) 4Yr fRoh;h5on my Commission expires: q ZS/2,01D
- 17-

k
Freeman Environmental Consulting,LLC
{ 411 Lower Hanging Rock Road,Spruce Pine,NC 28777
1:- Phone: [phone] Office,828-765-3571 Mobile
j E-mail. [e-mail]
September 1,2008 V
Mr.Paul Muller
Regional Supervisor •
Division of Air Quality
2090 US Highway 70
Swannanoa,NC 28778
Subject: Young—McQueen Grading Company,Inc. "
Burnsville,Mitchell County
Dear Mr. Muller,
This correspondence is a follow-up to our recent conversation concerning the permitting or
exemption of a mobile crushing and screening operation owned by Young-McQueen Grading
Company,Inc. _
Young and McQueen Grading Company,Inc was awarded the contract for construction of the
improvements to highway 19E(Project#R-251.8B)in Yancey County by The North Carolina
Division of Highways and will need to remove and process stone. The road construction will
require several slope cuts that will contain stone suitable for gravel and screened stone and this
stone will be processed for use on the project. The stone will processed through a primary .
crusher at the excavation sites and secondary crushing and screening will be performed away ".
from the DOT site. If the stone is not used it will be wasted and to utilize the stone is a positive .
use of natural resources.
The process units will be portable and although most portable equipment is exempt we request
that your staff inspect the units once they are operational to affirm compliance or the need for
permitting. If you need further information or have questions Mr. Sam Young can be reached at
828-682-7714 or I can be reached at 828-765-1515.
Sincerely, V
Thomas(Tom)Freeman CPESC
Freeman Environmental Consulting,LLC
CC:Y-Mc&FEC files

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Preface •
Soil surveys contain,information that affects land use planning in survey areas.They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,protect, or enhance
the environment. -
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties -
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses.The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields.A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
• underground installations. - • .
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
•Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available-
through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil
Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil-survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture(USDA)prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.)should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at(202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file.a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 •
Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800).795-3272
(voice) or(202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
•
employer. •
.
•
• 2 •

• Contents
Preface 2
Soil Map 4
Soil Map S5
• Legend 6
Map Unit Legend 7
Map Unit Descriptions 7
Yancey County, North Carolina Version date:1/31/2008 5:04:25 PM 9
BmA—Biltmore sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes,frequently flooded 9
RoA—Rosman fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded 9
Uc—Udifluvents, sandy-skeletal, frequently flooded. 10 •
W—Water 11
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3

•
Soil. Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map.Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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. 4

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Custom Soil R� __,_,,:lie Report
• . Soil Map .
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0 45 90 180 270
AFeet
0 150 300 600 900

Custom Soil R� Ce Report ,
Legend
• MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest(AOI) 401 Very Stony Spot Original soil survey map sheets were prepared at publication scale.
'"" Area of Interest(AOI) Wet spot Viewing scale and printing scale,however,may vary from the
original.Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for proper
Soils & Other map measurements.
LTI •Soil Map Units
Special Line Features Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Special Point Features Gully
Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov
4.y Blowout `S, •
-,; �Short Steep Slope Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N
t
gl Borrow Pit V
. - V w^ Other
• X Clay Spot 45.44 This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of •
Political Features the version date(s)listed below.
• • Closed Depression Municipalities
X, Gravel Pit 0 Cities Soil Survey Area: Yancey County,North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 9,Jan 31,2008
• Gravelly Spot ;_ Urban Areas
A Landfill Water Features Date(s)aerial images were photographed: 4/13/1992;4/12/1993
. A.. ..Lava Flow E.31 Oceans V •
,"..," Streams and Canals The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
Marsh compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
Mine or Quarry Transportation . imagery displayed on these maps.As a result;some minor shifting
Rails of map unit boundaries may be evident.
po Miscellaneous Water
Roads
• p Perennial Water •
,. # Interstate Highways
Rock Outcrop US Routes
t Saline Spot R State Highways
Sandy Spot Local Roads
Severely Eroded Spot c Other Roads
• <l. Sinkhole
3, Slide or'Slip .
,is( Sodic Spot
Spoil Area '
a Stony Spot •

Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
aSi'.�'`3xr i^F r v s+ ..£ -�,v.,, s rN0 3r`f �,f� ., ..r z. ,� S.. a �` w •,�ti ?r t-1 ,1, •` 37`•.'tt,v
};•� � Yancey County,Narth,Carollna{NC199)fi1 � r
:^«fes ��_ ,.�,,.�s:g?`,:.G"�"".a`"� rz.�, 'rkstf?
.. Pa�.a i ii 1.i t) O.c,t PA - M` i` c..:F c ".J : f '` $s .s. ire 'ice`Percen Of AO1 r
m , IUrap l�mt Nfa a Acres In AOI r •
�.���. �x>�,�.`..�'i"..a.,��, `�..^,�-«�, xw . .�.:.�. �Y�a.w:�� �k5„;.:� .an ..se,.a"�s ,.�t'd ��''�'.F
�1...
BmA Biltmore sand,0 to 3 percent 3.9 25.5%
slopes,frequently flooded •
• RoA •
Rosman fine sandy loam,0 to 3 0.0 0.3%
percent slopes,occasionally •
flooded
Uc Udifluvents,sandy-skeletal, 8.5 56.0%
frequently flooded
W Water 2.8 18.2%
ITotals for Area of Interest(AOI) I 15.1 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area.The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas.A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.On the landscape,
however,the soils are natural phenomena,and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena.Thus,the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils,
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components.They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management.These are called contrasting,or dissimilar,components.They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a.given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
•
some characteristics of each.A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
•

Custom Soil Resource Report
•
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but rather to separate the.landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
. degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences,a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the •
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series.The name of a soil phase commonly* .
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example,Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. •
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or'more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. .
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one-unit on the maps. Because of present or
• anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was,not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately.The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar.Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
• could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management.The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform.An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation..Rock outcrop is an example. •
.
•
•
8 -

Custom Soil Resource Report
•
Yancey County, North Carolina Version date:1/31/2008
5:04:25 PM
BmA—Biltmore sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation:45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Biltmore and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components:5 percent
Description,of Biltmore
Setting
Landform: Natural levees on flood plains
Parent material: Sandy alluvium
•
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 42 to 72 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None •
Available water capacity: Low(about 5.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated):4w
Typical profile
0 to 12 inches:Sand
12 to 80 inches: Loamy fine sand
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
RoA—Rosman fine sandy loam, 0 to 3.percent slopes,
occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
• Elevation: 1,200 to 2,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
•
c

Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Composition
Rosman, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components:5 percent
Description of Rosman, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98
to 5.95 in/hr) •
Depth to water table:About 42 to 60 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity:Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated):2w
Typical profile
0 to 10 inches: Fine sandy loam
10 to 59 inches: Fine sandy loam
- 59 to 80 inches: Fine sandy loam
• Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear,concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Uc—Udifluvents, sandy-skeletal, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 46 inches •
Mean annual air temperature:46 to 57 degrees F "
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition.
Udifluvents, frequently flooded, and similar soils: 95 percent
Minor components:"5 percent
Description of Udifluvents, Frequently Flooded
Setting _ •
Landform: Flood plains S
Down-slope shape: Convex • •
•
•
10 "

Custom Soil Resource Report
•
Across-slope shape: Convex.
Parent material: Recent sandy and gravelly alluvium
.Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches •
Drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High to very -
high (5.95 to 19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 42 to 60 inches •
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low(about 4.8 inches)
Interpretive groups •
• Land capability(nonirrigated):6s
•
•
• Typical profile •
0 to 80 inches: Sand
•
Minor Components
•Aquents •
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
W-Water •
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 50 inches
•
Map Unit Composition
Water: 100 percent
Description of Water
Setting
Parent material:Water •
Interpretive groups
Land capability(nonirrigated):8w
•
•
•
11

Freeman Environmental Consulting,LLC
411 Lower Hanging Rock Road,Spruce Pine,NC 28777 Hanging p
• Phone: [phone] Office, 828-765-3571 Mobile
a E-mail: [e-mail]
September 3, 2008
RE: Young - McQueen Grading Company, Inc. — Fox Mine
The attached ditch and trapping efficiency calculations for Young -
McQueen Grading Company, Inc. — Fox Mine were performed under my
supervision and I have personally reviewed them for accuracy.
If you have any questions or require additional information please call me
at the numbers listed above.
Sincel•,
j Tar1Roriguez ;r., p. H

Fox Mine
itch Summary
Temporary Bottom Ditch Side Velocity w/ Storm
Ditch Lining Liner Ditch Length Width Slope Slope Fescue Calculations
FMD-1 Grass Jute (Vetting 450 ft 2.00 ft• 0.7% 2:1 1.14 ft/s 25 yr. storm
FMD�2 , Crass,tt Jut`e Nettin ;,k, ' 400�'ft�'5- - 00.r.kh ., 0 7✓ if �1_g f .41 b rm w,
. .. . � fi ,._ erg. s . ,.; 4 _ ..�_4_. . < ti_ _.. , __° :. ,,,, Y,:.;25yr�sta�rrn ,
FMD-3 Grass Jute Netting 350 ft 2.00 ft 0.7% 2:1 1.06 ft/s 25 yr. storm
FMD 4` ti'Grass'"' rJute Netting w 325- tx : ` 2a130 ft' k 0_7% ,i 1 0t95 ft/s ' 2;S yr storm
�... <..m .�.,.� .�LX'.. ,fi;,sa.�..._,...� � u:'L� �,=. .,�`?_�,�3}..,r.� .�,_. .dC.. .*eP .. _ n�.__ _ �<„.9x.'st
FMD-5 Grass Jute Netting 400 ft 2.00 ft 0.7% 2:1 1.11 ft/s • 25 yr. storm
aMD,6E t;#G.rass _3 Jute Netting;; l 45.6tft iz :i. 2i00 ft<.._.'. 0 7% it 2 at 1t1'S f t/sa{` , 25 yr,"storm
FMD-7 Grass • Jute Netting 200 ft 2.00 ft 0.7% 2:1 1.42 ft/s 25 yr. storm
FMD 8,hill'5,.j; Grass{ Jute Netting;' =K , N200 ftT .. ,-; 2 00 ft 0 7% ' ti 2d 1, ` ;1x42 ft/s x 2 yr stormz
FMD-9 Grass Jute Netting 200 ft 2.00 ft 0.7% 2:1 1.42 ft/s 25 yr storm
iMMD a ti Grass 4� 0410-`Nettinge, ;w i200fturi. `.400ift ,,r07% 2 1 1A42 ft 0 a" £ '
FMD-11 Grass Jute Netting 200 ft 2.00 ft 0.7% 2:1 1.42 ft/s 25 yr. storm
FMD-12 ¢2 Grass.r-it Jute Nett ng 00,ftf . ,2 00 ft 0x7% s.i2 1 y 1;'42 ft/s 25 yr storm
FMD-13 Grass Jute Netting 200 ft 2.00 ft 0.7% 2:1 1.42 ft/s 25 yr. storm "
FrMD`1:4 Grass <Jute Netting` 200 ft''` > 200'ft .�F °=0 7% g; :g1"n' F,1"4g2vft/s " 5 iy `t o
FMD-15 Grass Jute Netting 200 ft 2.00 ft 0.7% 2:1 1.42 ft/s 25 yr. storm
* " {,r[? §-''',.7 • a'. h+-.yak 7Yh .. '� ., "TF w a I F� 3/ V 2
FMMD6. Grass JAute Netting 200 ft" sR: 2` 0 ftr. 0 7% r 421 , Mt.142.ft.s. , . 5 yh tdrm
•

•
•
1Runoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-1
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 . 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.055 0.4 0.022
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0.207 0.65 0.1346
Totals 0.262 0.1566
C = 0.1566 (coef) / 0.262 (acres) = 0.5975191
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5975 X 7.06 X 0.262 = 1.105243 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5975 X 5.21 X 0.262 = 0.8156255 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
— = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5975 X 8.09 X 0.262 = 1.2664895 cfs

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal.Channel- FMD-1
Flow.Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
solve For Channel Depth
input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.27 cfs
Results
Depth 0.26 ft
Flow Area 0.6 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.59 ft •
Top Width 2.26 ft
Critical Depth 0.23 ft
Critical Slope 0.011382 ft/ft
Velocity 2.25 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.08 ft
Specific Energy 0.34 ft
Froude Number 0.79
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-1
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel •
Method Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
•
--Toput Data
'tannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 0.82 cfs
Results
Depth • 0.25 ft
Flow Area 0.5 ft2
•
Wetted Perimeter 2.55 ft
Top Width 2.25 ft
Critical Depth 0.17 ft.
Critical Slope 0.023627 ft/ft
Velocity 1.55 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.04 ft
Specific Energy •
0.29 ft
Froude Number 0.56
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress.T=62.4x0.25x0.007=0.11. Ib/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress= 0.45 lbft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.55x(0.5/2.55)=0.30, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.055

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-1
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
,Jlethod Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.055
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H •
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.27 cfs
Results
Depth 0.50 ft
Flow Area 1.1 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 3.11 ft
Top Width 2.50 ft
Critical Depth 0.23 ft
Critical Slope 0.086080 ft/ft •
Velocity 1.14 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.02 ft
Specific Energy 0.52 ft .
Froude Number 0.30
Flow Type Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.14 ft/s is OK
.
� k
/—r0.5 0 ft
2.00 ft -�
V:1 N
H:2.0
NTS

Zunoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-2
Description Acres . C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.055 0.4 0.022
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0.184 0.65 0.1196
Totals 0.239 0.1416
C = 0.1416 (coef) / 0.239 (acres) = 0.5924686
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches •
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5925 X 7.06 X 0.239 = 0.999696 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
• Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5925 X 5.21 X 0.239 = 0.737736 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.5925 X 8.09 X 0.239 = 1.145544 cfs

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-2
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
1ethod Manning's Formula
solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.15 cfs
• Results
Depth . 0.25 ft
Flow Area 0.5 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.56 ft
Top Width 2.25 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.011521 ft/ft
Velocity 2.17 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.07 ft
Specific Energy 0.32 ft
Froude Number 0.79
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection -Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-2
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
, `Input Data
„_ ji annings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 0.74 cfs
Results
Depth 0.23 ft .
Flow Area 0.5 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.52 ft
Top Width 2.23 ft.
Critical Depth 0.16 ft
Critical Slope 0.023956 ft/ft
Velocity 1.50 ft/s
Velocity Head • 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.27 ft
Froude Number 0.56
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.23x0.007=0.10 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.50x(0.5/2.52)=0.30, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.055

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-2
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
lethod Manning's Formula
_,eolve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.055
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope. 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.15 cfs
Results "
Depth 0.47 ft
Flow Area 1.0 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 3.04 ft
Top Width 2.47 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.087128 ft/ft
Velocity 1.11 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.02 ft
Specific Energy 0.48 ft
Froude Number 0.30
Flow Type Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.11 ft/s is
/0.47 ft
2.00 ft � � '
V:1 N
H:2.0
NTS
•
•
•

2unoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-3
Description Acres C-ValUe Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) . 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) . 0.048 .0.4 0.0192
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0.161 0.65 0.1047
Totals 0.209 0.1239
C = 0.1239 (coef) / 0.209 (acres) = 0.5925837
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5926 X 7.06 X . 0.209 = 0.874381 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = . 0.5926 X 5.21 X 0.209 = 0.6452585 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches .
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.5926 X 8.09 X 0.209 = 1.0019465 cfs

Project Description •
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-3
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
"lethod Manning's Formula
olve For Channel Depth
input Data
Mannings Coefficient. 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.00 cfs
Results
Depth 0.23 ft
Flow Area 0.5 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.51 ft•
Top Width 2.23 ft
Critical Depth 0.19 ft
Critical Slope 0.011728 ft/ft
Velocity 2.07 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.07 ft
Specific Energy 0.30 ft
Froude Number 0.78
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high
•
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
•
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-3
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
,,%iput Data
;lannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 0.65 cfs
Results
Depth 0.1.8 ft.
Flow Area 0.4 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.39 ft
Top Width •
2.18 ft
Critical Depth •
0.15 ft
Critical Slope 0.012456 ft/ft
Velocity 1.78 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.05 ft
Specific Energy 0.22 ft
Froude Number 0.76 .
Flow Type Subcritical .
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.18x0.007=0.08 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.78x(0.4/2.39)=0.30, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.055

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-3
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
(--Iftethod Manning's Formula
solve For Channel Depth
—input Data •
Mannings Coefficient 0.055
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.00 cfs
Results
Depth 0.43 ft
Flow Area 0.9 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.96 ft
Top Width 2.43 ft
Critical Depth 0.19 ft
Critical Slope 0.088693 ft/ft
Velocity 1.06 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.02 ft
Specific Energy 0.44 ft
FroudeNumber 0.30
Flow Type Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.06 ft/s is
•
•
/0.43 ft
2.00 ft ►�
V:11\
H:2.0
NTS

c____)z— Z.unoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-4
Description. Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.045 0.4 . 0.018
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0.149. 0.65 0.0969
• Totals 0.194 0.1149
C = 0.1149 (coef) / 0.194 (acres) = 0.5920103
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.592 X 7.06 X 0.194 = 0.810841 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.592 X 5.21 X 0.194 = 0.5983685 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
- = (C)(i)(A) = 0.592 X 8.09 X . 0.194 = 0.9291365 cfs
••
•

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-4
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
,Method Manning's Formula
,Solve For Channel Depth
input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V : H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 0.93 cfs
Results
Depth 0.22 ft
Flow Area 0.5 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.49 ft
Top Width 2.22 ft
Critical Depth 0.19 ft
Critical Slope 0.011841 ft/ft
Velocity 2.02 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.06 ft
Specific Energy 0.28 ft •
Froude Number 0.78
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection_Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-4
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
`-4nput Data
Tannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 0.60 cfs
Results
Depth 0.21 ft
Flow Area 0.4 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.46 ft
Top Width 2.21 ft
Critical Depth 0.14 ft •
Critical Slope 0.024709 ft/ft
Velocity 1.39 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.24 ft
Froude Number 0.55
Flow Type Subcritical •
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.21x0.007=0.09 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.39x(0.4/2.46)=0.23, Manning's (curve E fig.805c)= 0.062

•
Project Description
Worksheet . Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-4
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel .
Method Manning's Formula
,Dive For Channel Depth
input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.062 .
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft •
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope . 2.00 V .'H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 0.93 cfs
Results
Depth 0.44 ft
Flow Area 1.0 ft2
Wetted Perimeter • 2.98 ft
Top Width 2.44 ft
Critical Depth. 0.19 ft
Critical Slope 0.113791 ft/ft
Velocity 0.95 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.01 ft •
Specific Energy 0.45 ft
Froude Number 0.27
Flow Type . Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 0.95 ft/s is
/—r0.44 ft
2.00 it J -�
v:,N
H:2.0
NTS
•
•
•
•

( ' Runoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-5
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.055 0.4 0.022
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0.184 0.65 0.1196
Totals 0.239 0.1416
C = 0.1416 (coef) / 0.239 (acres) = 0.5924686
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5925 X 7.06 X 0.239 = 0.999696 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5925 X 5.21 X 0.239 = 0.737736 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.5925 X 8.09 X 0.239 = 1.145544 cfs

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-5
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
;lethod Manning's Formula
,olve For Channel Depth
"IF iput Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.15 cfs
Results'
Depth 0.25 ft
Flow Area 0.5 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.56 ft
Top Width • 2.25 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope • 0.011521 ft/ft
Velocity 2.17 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.07 ft
Specific Energy 0.32 ft
Froude Number 0.79
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high •
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-5
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
Solve For . Channel Depth
--�iput Data
tannings Coefficient 0.028
slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 0.74 cfs
Results
• Depth 0.23 ft
Flow Area 0.5 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.52 ft
Top Width 2.23 ft
Critical Depth 0.16 ft
Critical Slope 0.023956 ft/ft
Velocity 1.50 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.27 ft
Froude Number 0.56
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.23x0.007=0.10 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.50x(0.5/2.52)=0.30, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.055

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-5
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Aethod Manning's Formula
•
lolve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.055
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.15 cfs
Results
Depth 0.47 ft
Flow Area 1.0 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 3.04 ft
Top Width 2.47 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.087128 ft/ft
Velocity 1.11 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.02 ft
• Specific Energy 0.48 ft
Froude Number 0.30
Flow Type Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.11 ft/s is
•
/0..47 ft
2.00 ft
V:1
H:2.0
NTS

` unoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-6
Description. Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) . 0.062 0.4 0.0248
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0.207 0.65 0:1346
Totals 0.269 0.1594
C = 0.1594 (coef) / 0.269 (acres) = 0.5923792
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5924 X 7.06 X 0.269 = 1.125011 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5924 X 5.21 X 0.269 = 0.8302135 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.5924.X 8.09 X 0.269 = 1.2891415 cfs

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-6
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
,Jlethod Manning's Formula
3olve For Channel Depth
input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.29 cfs
Results
Depth 0.27 ft
Flow Area 0.6 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.60 ft
Top Width 2.27 ft
Critical Depth 0.23 ft
Critical Slope 0.011361 ft/ft •
Velocity 2.26 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.08 ft
Specific Energy 0.35 ft
Froude Number 0.80
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-.Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-6
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
input Data
___,,t/lannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
• Discharge 0.83 cfs
Results
Depth 0.25 ft
Flow Area 0.5 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.56 ft
Top Width 2.25 ft
Critical Depth 0.17 ft
Critical Slope 0.023571 ft/ft
Velocity 1.56 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.04 ft
Specific Energy 0.29 ft
Froude Number 0.56
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.25x0.007=0.11 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 lbft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.56x(0.5/2.56)=0.30, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.055

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-6
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
'Aethod Manning's Formula
>olve For Channel Depth •
input Data •
Mannings Coefficient 0.055
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.29 cfs
Results
Depth 0.50 ft
Flow Area 1.1 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 3.12 ft
Top Width 2.50 ft
Critical Depth 0.23 ft
Critical Slope 0.085920 ft/ft
Velocity 1:15 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.02 ft
Specific Energy 0.52 ft
FroudeNumber 0.30
Flow Type Subcritica1
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.15 ft/s is
•
50 Oft
f
2.00 ft
V:1 f`\
" H:2.0
NTS

•
•
( ` 'Runoff Calculations for.Ditch FMD-7
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands. 0 0.15 0
Roadway(gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
•
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
0") = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X . 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

•
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-7
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
,7ethod Manning's Formula
lolve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.33 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter. . 2.73 ft
Top Width 2.33 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.010950 ft/ft
Velocity 2.53 ft/s
Velocity Head - 0.10 ft
Specific Energy 0.43 ft
Froude Number 0.81 •
Flow-Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-7
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
-Input Data.
,___ Tannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.16 cfs
Results
Depth 0.31 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.69 ft
Top Width 2.31 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.022557 ft/ft
Velocity 1.75 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.05 ft •
Specific Energy 0.36 ft
Froude Number 0.57
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.31x0.007=0.14 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress= 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.75x(0.7/2.69)=0.46, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.047

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-7
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
�'—'ti;lethod Mannings Formula
;olve For Channel Dept •
h
""input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.047
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft •
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth • 0.56 ft
Flow Area 1.3 ft2 •
Wetted Perimeter 3.25 ft
Top Width . 2.56 ft •
Critical Depth 0:29 ft
Critical Slope 0.060470 ft/ft
Velocity 1.42 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.59 ft
Froude Number 0.35
Flow Type Subcritical .
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s-Velocity of 1.42 ft/s is
•
•
5 •s ft
F2.00ft
VAN
H:2.0 _
NTS

`tunoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-8
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0:2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

•
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-8
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
r., Method Manning's Formula
\ .iolve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.33 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.73 ft
Top Width 2.33 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.010950 ft/ft
Velocity 2.53 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.10 ft
Specific Energy 0.43 ft
Froude Number 0.81
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-8
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
nput Data
Jlannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft •
Discharge 1.16 cfs
Results
Depth 0.31 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.69 ft
Top Width 2.31 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.022557 ft/ft •
Velocity 1.75 Ws •
Velocity Head 0.05 ft
Specific Energy 0.36 ft
Froude Number 0.57
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.31x0.007=0.14 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 lbft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.75x(0.7/2.69)=0.46, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.047

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-8
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
.;7ethod Manning's Formula
_ olve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.047
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.56 ft
Flow Area 1.3 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 3.25 ft
Top Width 2.56 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.060470 ft/ft
Velocity 1.42 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.59 ft
Froude Number 0.35
Flow Type Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.42 ft/s is
•
\ 0.56ft
2.00 ft •
V:1 N
• H:2.0-
NTS

•
unoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-9
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands .0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
r' — = (C)(i)(A) =_ 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs
•
•
,

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-9
Flow Element Trapezoidal.Channel
,Vlethod Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.33 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.73 ft •
Top Width 2.33 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.010950 ft/ft
Velocity 2.53 ft/s •
Velocity Head 0.10 ft
Specific Energy 0.43 ft
Froude Number 0.81
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-9
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
N nput Data
J4annings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.16 cfs
Results
Depth 0.31 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.69 ft
Top Width 2.31 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.022557 ft/ft
Velocity 1.75 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.05 ft
Specific Energy. 0.36 ft
Froude Number 0.57
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.31x0.007=0.14 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.75x(0.7/2.69)=0.46, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.047

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-9
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
';Method Manning's Formula
,Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.047
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.56 ft
Flow Area 1.3 ft2
Wetted Perimeter. 3.25 ft
Top Width 2.56 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft.
Critical Slope - 0.060470 ft/ft
Velocity 1.42 ft/s
Velocity Head. . 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.59 ft
Froude Number 0.35
Flow Type • Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.42 ft/s is
•
/4ft
F2.00 ft
V:1�
•
H:2.0
NTS
•
l '
•

;� runoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-10
Description Acres . C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 . 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = . 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
_ (C)(i)(A).=: 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs
•
•
•

•
•
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-10
- .;plow Element Trapezoidal Channel,
/lethod Manning's Formula
' olve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft •
Discharge 1.80 cfs •
Results
Depth 0.33 ft
Flow Area •
0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.73 ft
Top Width• 2.33 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.010950 ft/ft
Velocity 2.53 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.10 ft
Specific Energy 0.43 ft
Froude Number 0.81
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-10
7Iow Element Trapezoidal Channel
�/lethod Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient • 0.028 •
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V:H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.16 cfs
Results
Depth 0.31 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.69 ft
Top Width 2.31 ft
.Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.022557 ft/ft
Velocity 1.75 fUs
Velocity Head 0.05 ft
Specific Energy 0.36 ft
Froude Number '0.57
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.31x0.007=0.14 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.75x(0.7/2.69)=0.46, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.047
•

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-10
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
( Jlethod Manning's Formula
-_./3olve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.047
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft •
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results •
Depth 0.56 ft
Flow Area 1.3 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 3.25 ft
Top Width 2.56 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.060470 ft/ft
Velocity • 1.42 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.59 ft •
Froude Number 0.35 •
Flow Type Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.42 ft/s is
0.56 ft
2.00 ft •
- I
• V:1N
H:2.0 •
NTS
•
•

7 'Runoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-11
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4 •
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
r = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-11
.Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
( Method • Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.33 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.73 ft
Top Width 2.33 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.010950 ft/ft
Velocity 2.53 ft/s
Velocity Head . 0.10 ft
Specific Energy 0.43 ft
Froude Number 0.81
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection -Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal.Channel-FMD-11 •
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
For Channel Depth .
Input Data .
Mannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.16 cfs
Results
Depth 0.31 ft •
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.69 ft
Top Width 2.31 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.022557 ft/ft
Velocity• 1.75 ft/s
Velocity Head . . 0.05 ft •
Specific Energy 0.36 ft
Froude Number 0.57
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.31x0.007=0.14 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.75x(0.7/2.69)=0.46, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.047
r

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-11
, flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
:'lethod Manning's Formula
solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.047
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft •
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.56 ft •
Flow Area 1.3 ft2 •
Wetted Perimeter 3.25 ft
Top Width 2.56 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.060470 ft/ft
Velocity 1.42 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.59 ft
Froude Number 0.35
Flow Type Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s-Velocity of 1.42 ft/s is
•
s ft
2.00 ft 1
v:f N
H:2.0
NTS

`Runoff. Calculations for Ditch FMD-12
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0 .
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0:4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
_ (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

Project Description
•
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-12
-- -Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Jlethod Manning's Formula •
- 'Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.33 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.73 ft
Top Width 2.33 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.010950 ft/ft
Velocity 2.53 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.10 ft
Specific Energy 0.43 ft
Froude Number 0.81
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-12
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
lethod Manning's Formula
'-solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.16 cfs
Results
Depth 0.31 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.69 ft
Top Width • 2.31 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.022557 ft/ft
Velocity • 1.75 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.05 ft
Specific Energy 0.36 ft
Froude Number 0.57
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.31x0.007=0.14 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.75x(0.7/2.69)=0.46, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.047 5
•

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-12
low Element Trapezoidal Channel
flethod Manning's Formula
'olve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.047 •
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H •
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
. Results
Depth 0.56 ft
Flow Area 1.3 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 3.25 ft
Top Width 2.56 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft '
Critical Slope 0.060470 fUft
Velocity 1.42 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.59 ft
Froude Number 0.35
Flow Type Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.42 ft/s is
•
/-1-0.5i6 ft
F2.00ft
' V:1N
H:2.0
NTS

;Runoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-13.
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65. 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

Project Description •
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-13
glow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
-- Solve For. Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth - 0.33 ft
. Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.73 ft
Top Width 2.33 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.010950 ft/ft
Velocity 2.53 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.10 ft
Specific Energy 0.43 ft
Froude Number 0.81
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-13
- Mow Element Trapezoidal Channel
•
`Jlethod Manning's Formula
__^.3olve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000-ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.16 cfs
Results .
Depth • 0.31 ft
Flow Area 0.7,ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.69 ft
Top Width _ 2.31 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.022557 ft/ft
Velocity 1.75 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.05 ft
Specific Energy 0.36 ft
Froude Number 0.57
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.31x0.007=0.14 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress= 0.45 lbft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.75x(0.7/2.69)=0.46, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) =0.047
•

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-13
Glow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
olve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.047
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.56 ft
Flow Area 1.3 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 3.25 ft
Top Width 2.56 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.060470 ft/ft •
Velocity 1.42 ft/s •
Velocity Head 0.03 ft •
Specific Energy 0.59 ft
Froude Number • 0.35
Flow Type • Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.42 ft/s is
•
•
6 ft •
F2.00 ft -]
V:1N
H:2.0
NTS

°Zunoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-14
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day.storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
•
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X . 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs
•
•

•
•
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-14
:low Element Trapezoidal Channel
/lethod Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.33 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.73 ft
Top Width 2.33 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.010950 ft/ft
Velocity 2.53 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.10 ft
Specific Energy 0.43 ft
Froude Number 0.81 •
Flow Type ' Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet •Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-14
• •low Element Trapezoidal Channel
Aethod Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.16 cfs
Results
Depth 0.31 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.69 ft
Top Width 2.31 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.022557 ft/ft
Velocity 1.75 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.05 ft
Specific Energy 0.36 ft
Froude Number 0.57
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.31x0.007=0.14 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.75x(0.7/2.69)=0.46, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) =0.047

•
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-14
- ^low Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient • 0.047
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V : H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
• Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results •
Depth 0.56 ft
•
Flow Area 1.3 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 3.25 ft
Top Width 2.56 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.060470 ft/ft
Velocity 1.42 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.03 ft
, Specific Energy 0.59 ft
Froude Number 0.35
Flow Type Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.42 ft/s is
/4ft
F2.00ft
V:1N
H:2.0
NTS

`,Zunoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-15
c
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25. 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X '5.21 X '0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

•
Project Description •
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-15
--Flow Element - Trapezoidal Channel
,ilethod Manning's Formula
-Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.33 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.73 ft
Top Width 2.33 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.010950 ft/ft
Velocity 2.53 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.10 ft
Specific Energy 0.43 ft
Froude Number 0.81
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection-Velocity too high -
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-15
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
- Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.16 cfs
Results
Depth 0.31 ft
Flow Area - 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.69 ft
Top Width 2.31 ft •
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope 0.022557 ft/ft
Velocity 1.75 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.05 ft
Specific Energy 0.36 ft
Froude Number 0.57
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.31x0.007=0.14 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.75x(0.7/2.69)=0.46, Manning's (curve E fig.805c) = 0.047

Project Description
Worksheet • Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-15
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
'lethod Manning's Formula
'Jolve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient. 0.047 •
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.56 ft
Flow Area 1.3 ft2 •
Wetted Perimeter 3.25 ft
. Top Width 2.56 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.060470 ft/ft
Velocity 1.42 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.59 ft
Froude Number 0.35
Flow Type Subcritical
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.42 ft/s is
0.56 ft
2.00 ft
V:1�
H:2.0
NTS

runoff Calculations for Ditch FMD-16
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
( - = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel- FMD-16
Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
Method Manning's Formula
• - Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.020
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.33'ft .
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
- Wetted Perimeter 2.73 ft
Top Width 2.33 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.010950 ft/ft
Velocity 2.53 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.10 ft
Specific Energy 0.43 ft.
Froude Number 0.81
Flow Type Subcritical
Needs Protection -Velocity too high
Try Jute Netting
Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-16
- '-low Element Trapezoidal Channel
ylethod Manning's Formula
Solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.028
Slope 0.007000. ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.16 cfs
Results
Depth • 0.31 ft
Flow Area 0.7 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 2.69 ft
Top Width 2.31 ft
Critical Depth 0.21 ft
Critical Slope. 0.022557 ft/ft •
Velocity 1.75 ft/s
, Velocity Head - 0.05 ft
Specific Energy 0.36 ft
Froude Number • 0.57
Flow Type Subcritical
Determine Shear Stress T=62.4x0.31x0.007=0.14 lb/ft2, Permissible Shear Stress = 0.45 Ibft2 Temporary Liner OK
VR=1.75x(0.7/2.69)=0.46, Manning's (curve E fig.805c)= 0.047

Project Description
Worksheet Trapezoidal Channel-FMD-16
- .Flow Element Trapezoidal Channel
'/lethod Manning's Formula
solve For Channel Depth
Input Data
Mannings Coefficient 0.047
Slope 0.007000 ft/ft
Left Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Right Side Slope 2.00 V: H
Bottom Width 2.00 ft
Discharge 1.80 cfs
Results
Depth 0.56 ft
Flow Area 1.3 ft2
Wetted Perimeter 3.25 ft
Top Width 2.56 ft
Critical Depth 0.29 ft
Critical Slope 0.060470 ft/ft
Velocity 1.42 ft/s
Velocity Head 0.03 ft
Specific Energy 0.59 ft
Froude Number 0.35
Flow Type' Subcritical •
Tall Fescue Permissible Velocity 5.0 ft/s—Velocity of 1.42 ft/s is
•
/1367ft
2.00 ft •
V:1N
H:2.0
NTS

•
Fox Mine
;,ediment Trap Summary
Cleanout Surface Storage
Trap Size Drainage Area . Schedule Area Area
FMT-1 15'x55'x4' 0.556 acres 180 days 825 ft2 3300 ft3
FMi ey 15'x55 x4' 0.556`'acr ktif 180 da s 82 Ff$2
FMT-3 20'x70'x4' 0.818 acres 180 days 1400 ft2 5600 ft3
FMTu�
,fa 01g033 itif �cres.i 18Q tlays..h ,kil.§��`c 4650D ft
FMT-5 15'x55'x4'. 0.556 acres 180 days 825 ft2 3300 ft3
FMT 6 15'x55'x4 0556 acres 130`da s s y
... � F ,. Y R . 825wt3300 ft
FMT-7 20'x65'x4' 0.795 acres 180 days 1300 ft2 5200 ft3
FMT 8 >20'x65'x4'' 0.795,acres ` 180 days ,;1300.ft? 200 ft3
FMT-9 10'x45'x4' 0.209 acres 180 days 450 ftZ 1800 ft3
FMT 1-0 310'x45lx4 ''' 94Icres . . 180; ays, 4'S<.{45D ft 1800 ft3
FMT-11 15'x55'x4' 0.556 acres 180 days 825 ft2 3300 ft3
FMT 12 35 x55'X4t 0a556 acrestN 180 days 825zft2 3300§;ft

( ,Runoff Calculations for Trap FMT-1
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 . 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4.X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs.

Sediment Trap Trap FMT-1
•
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 0.556
A = 0.01 X (Q) I 1.8 I = 0.018 X 43560 = I 784.1Ift2 Required
Basin Size 15'X55'X4'(minimum)
Ft2 Surface area 825
Ft3 Storage area 3300
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 3600 ft3**
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)
1
1

•
;Runoff Calculations for Trap FMT-2
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway(gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

__ 3ediment Trap Trap FMT-2 •
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 0.556
A = 0.01 X (Q) 1.8 = 0.018 X 43560 = 784.1 lft2 Required
Basin Size 15'X55'X4'(minimum)
Ft2 Surface area 825
Ft3 Storage area 3300
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 3600 ft3**
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)

;'' ',Runoff Calculations for Trap FMT-3
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.611 0.4 0.2444
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands • 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0.207 . 0.65 0:1346
Totals 0.818 0.379
C = . 0.379 (coef) / 0.818 (acres) = 0.4632641
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4633 X 7.06 X 0.818 = 2.675387 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4633 X 5.21 X 0.818 = 1.9743295 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
;) = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4633 X 8.09 X 0.818 = 3.0657055 cfs

•
''Sediment Trap Trap FMT-3
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 0.818
A = 0.01 X (Q) 3.07 = 0.0307 X 43560 = I 1337.3Ift2 Required
Basin Size 20'X70'X4'(minimum)
Ft2 Surface area 1400
Ft3 Storage area 5600
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 6000 ft3**
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)
7
•
•

( Runoff Calculations for Trap FMT-4
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 1.112 0.4 0.4448
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 1.112 0.4448
C = 0.4448 (coef) / 1..112 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 1.112 = 3.140288 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 1.112 = 2.317408 cfs •
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
' = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 1.112 = 3.598432 cfs

1'Sediment Trap Trap FMT-4
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 1.112
A = 0.01 X (Q) 3.6 = 0.036 X 43560 = 1568.2 ft2 Required
Basin Size 25'X65'X4'(minimurn)
Ft2 Surface area 1625
Ft3 Storage area 6500
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule . 8250 ft3'."`
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)
. t
•
•

CDRunoff Calculations for Trap FMT-5
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224 _
Grassland 0 0.25 • 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

Sediment Trap Trap FMT-5
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 0.556
A = 0.01 X (Q) I 1.8 . I = 0.018 X 43560 = I 784.1 jft2 Required
Basin Size 15'X55'X4'(minimum)
Ft2 Surface area.. 825 0
Ft3 Storage area 3300
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 3600 ft3**
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)
l

`,,Runoff Calculations for Trap FMT-6
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

Sediment Trap Trap FMT-6
•
Trapping Effeciency
• Drainage Area Acres 0.556
A = 0.01 X (Q) I 1.8 I = I 0.018 I X 43560 = I . 784.1Ift2 Required
Basin Size 15'X55'X4'(minimum)
Ft2 Surface area 825
Ft3 Storage area 3300
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 3600 ft3**
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)•
1
•
•

(ThRunoff Calculations for Trap FMT-7
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.611 0.4 0.2444
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0.184 0.65 0.1196
Totals 0.795 0.364
C = 0.364 (coef) / 0.795 (acres) = 0.4578616
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4579 X 7.06 X 0.795 = 2.56984 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4579 X 5.21 X 0.795 = 1.89644 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.4579 X 8.09 X 0.795 = 2.94476 cfs
)

Sediment Trap Trap FMT-7
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 0.795
A = 0.01 X (Q) 2.94 = 0.0294 X 43560 = 1280.7 ft2 Required
Basin Size 20'X65'X4'(minimum)
Ft2 Surface area.. 1300
Ft3 Storage area 5200
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 6000 ft3**
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)

''Runoff Calculations for Trap FMT-8
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.611 0.4 0.2444
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) • 0.1.84 0.65 0.1196
Totals 0.795 0.364
C = 0.364 (coef) / 0.795 (acres) = 0.4578616
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4579 X 7.06 X 0.795 = 2.56984 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4579 X 5.21 X 0.795 = 1.89644 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.4579 X 8.09 X 0.795 = 2.94476 cfs
•
•
•

r3ediment Trap Trap FMT-8
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 0.795
A = 0.01 X (Q) 2.94 = 0.0294 X 43560 = I 1280.71ft2 Required
Basin Size 20'X65'X4'(minimum)
Ft2 Surface area 1300
Ft3 Storage area 5200
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 6000 ft3**
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)

`Runoff Calculations for Trap FMT-9
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.048 0.4 0.0192
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0.161 0.65 0.1047
Totals 0.209 0.1239
C = 0.1239 (coef) / 0.209 (acres) = 0.5925837
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5926 X 7.06 X " 0.209 = 0.874381 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.5926 X 5.21 X 0.209 = 0.6452585 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches •
= (C)(i)(A) = 0.5926 X 8.09 X 0.209 = 1.0019465 cfs

/\
�5ediment Trap Trap FMT-9
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 0.209
A = 0.01 X (Q) 1 = 0.01 X 43560. = I 435.6Ift2 Required
Basin Size 10'X45'X4'(minimum)
Ft2 Surface area. 450
Ft3 Storage area 1800
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 3600 ft3**
•
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)
•
•
•

Runoff Calculations for Trap FMT-10
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.045 0.4 0.018
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0.149 0.65 0.0969
Totals 0.194 0.1149
C = 0.1149 (coef) / 0.194 (acres) = 0.5920103
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.592 X 7.06 X 0.194 = 0.810841 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.592 X 5.21 X 0.194 = 0.5983685 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
� .Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.592 X 8.09 X . 0.194 = 0.9291365 cfs

Sediment Trap Trap FMT-10
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 0.194
A = 0.01 X (Q) 0.93 = 0.0093 X .43560 = 405.1 ft2 Required
Basin Size 10'X45'X4'(minimum)
Ft2 Surface area 450
Ft3 Storage area 1800 •
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 3600 ft3**
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)

Runoff Calculations for Ditch FMT-11
Description V Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 0.25 0
Woodlands V 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 V 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches _
Q = (C)(i)(A) = ' 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm =. 8.09 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) =_ 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

• Sediment Trap Trap FMT-11
ti
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 0.556
A = 0.01 X (Q) 1.8 = 0.018 X 43560 = 784.1 ft2 Required
Basin Size 25'X55'X4'(minimum)
Ft2 Surface area 825
Ft3 Storage area 3300
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 3600 ft3**
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)

Runoff Calculations for Ditch FMT-12
Description Acres C-Value Coef.
Bare Sandy Soil (level) 0 0.2 . 0
Bare Soil (sloping) 0.556: 0.4 0.2224
Grassland 0 . 0.25. 0
Woodlands 0 0.15 0
Roadway (gravel) 0 0.65 0
Totals 0.556 0.2224
C = 0.2224 (coef) / 0.556 (acres) = 0.4
i = Rainfall Intensity for 10 year, 1 day storm = 7.06 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 7.06 X 0.556 = 1.570144 cfs
•
i = Rainfall Intensity for 2 year, 1 day storm = 5.21 inches
Q = (C)(i)(A) = 0.4 X 5.21 X 0.556 = 1.158704 cfs
i = Rainfall Intensity for 25 year, 1 day storm = 8.09 inches
= (C)(i)(A) = . 0.4 X 8.09 X 0.556 = 1.799216 cfs

�.45edirnent Trap Trap FMT-12
Trapping Effeciency
Drainage Area Acres 0.556
A = 0.01 X (Q) 1.8 = 0.018. X 43560 = 784.1 ft2 Required
Basin Size 25'X55'X4'(minimum)
Ft2.Surface area 825
Ft3 Storage area 3300
Storage requirement for cleaning on 180 day schedule 3600 ft3**
**from chart 8.07.36 (attached)

dIm©nt
�e a
-0
a ,
m 15
E I , .
-§ I
io , .
46 g , . '
cm
cp 53
715 0
0 1 2 9 4 6 6 7 Q 9 10 11
w Basin drainage area (acres)
co
r :Desired deanout schedule -
30 days 60 days 90 days
120 days 150 days � 180 days
)

Practice Standards and Specifications
o:J 3 SURFACE ROUGHENING
Definition Roughening a bare soil surface with horizontal grooves running across the slope,
stair stepping,or tracking with construction equipment.
Purpose To aid the establishment of vegetative cover from seed;to reduce runoff velocity
and increase infiltration, and to reduce erosion and provide for sediment trap-
P g
Conditions Where All construction slopes require surfaceroughening to facilitate stabilization with
Practice Applies vegetation,particularly slopes steeper than 3:1.
Planning Rough slope surfaces are preferred because they aid the establishment of vegeta-
Co n s i d e rat i o n s Lion,improve water infiltration,and decrease runoff velocity..Graded areas with
smooth,hard surfacesmay be initially attractive,but such surfaces increase the
potential for erosion. A rough, loose soil surface gives a mulching effect that
protects lime,,fertilizer,and seed.Nicks in the surface are cooler and provide
more favorable moisture conditions than hard,smooth surfaces; this aids seed
germination.
There are different methods for achieving a roughened soil surface on a slope,
and the selection of an appropriate method depends upon the type of slope.
Roughening methods include stair-step grading, grooving, (Figure 6.03a) and
tracking. Factors to be considered in choosing a method are slope steepness,
mowing requirements,and whether the slope is formed by cutting or filling.
Figure 6.03a Bulldozer treads create
grooves perpendicular to the slope. The •
slope face should not be back-bladed •
.' � / .
during the final grading operation(source: N V •. •
Va SWCC).
Slope •
'�� ' ' ,.
15
`) :: ram
•
•
•
. .f
• r ��y-
•
-.-,;
6.03.1 V

6
•
Design Criteria No formal design is required.
Construction CUT SLOPE ROUGHENING FOR AREAS NOT TO BE MOWED
Specifications Stair-step grade or groove cut slopes with a gradient steeper than 3:1 (Figures
6.03b and 6.03c).
•
Use stair-step grading on any erodible material soft enough to be ripped with a
bulldozer. Slopes consisting of soft rock with some subsoil are particularly
suited to stair-step grading.
• Make the vertical cut distance less than the horizontal distance, and slightly
• slope the horizontal position of the"step"in toward the vertical wall.
Do not make individual vertical cuts more than 2 feet in soft materials or more
than 3 feet in rocky materials.
Grooving uses machinery to create a series of ridges and depressions that run
across the slope(on the contour).
Groove using any appropriate implement that can be safely operated on the
slope, such as disks, tillers,spring harrows, or the teeth on a front-end loader
bucket.Do not make such grooves less than 3 inches deep nor more than 15 in-
ches apart.
FILL SLOPE ROUGHENING FOR AREAS NOT TO BE MOWED
Place fill slopes with a gradient steeper than 3:1 in lifts not to exceed 9 inches,
and make sure each lift is properly compacted.Ensure that the face of the slope
consists of loose, uncompacted fill 4 to 6 inches deep. Use grooving, as
described above,to roughen the face of the slopes,if necessary.
Do not blade or scrape the final slope face.
•
CUTS,FILLS,AND GRADED AREAS THAT WILL BE MOWED
Make mowed slopes no steeper'than 3:1.
Roughen these areas to shallow grooves by normal tilling,disking,harrowing,
or use of cultipacker-seeder.Make the final pass of any such tillage implement
on the contour.
•
• Make grooves formed by such implements close together(less than 10 inches)
and not less than 1 inch deep.
Excessive roughness is undesirable where mowing is planned. •
ROUGHENING WITH TRACKED MACHINERY
Limit roughening with tracked machinery to sandy soils to avoid undue com-
paction of.the soil surface. Tracking is generally not as effective as the other •
• roughening methods described.
Operate tracked machinery up and down the slope to leave horizontal depres-
sions in the soil.Do not back-blade during the final grading operation: . .
6.03.2

•
Practice.Standards and Specifications
Debris from slope
above is caught \ III 11
I I I I I
by steps. I
2-3 ' .
Drainage III 1 (depending on material) I`:_ ---------7----)- -----;-. 4' Eh
Greater -� ��ail(-
than_ vertical wi - •
:=.---p---.•
111
=1f
Cut steps with
IlJ`"--� drainage to the back.
l I Avoid low spots.
7ICI -1-
Figure 6.03b Stair stepping cut slopes(modified from Va SWCC).
• 1: IIl lil •
11I
• • I I 1 r
=1 I I11I -
I=i '
71=LI = 6-15 " •
Groove by cutting furrows • . =1:1 (
• - along the contour. Irregularities 11 1T1•1'I'' 3
in the soil surface catch rainwater - y1 .
and retain lime, fertilizer, and seed. - .
•
•• 7,f�111I1 i
--='`.:figure 6.03c Grooving slopes(modified from Va SWCC).
•
•
6.03.3

6
Seeding—Immediately seed and mulch roughened areas to obtain optimum
seed germination and growth.
Maintenance Periodically check the seeded slopes for rills and washes.Fill these areas slight-
ly above the original grade,then reseed and mulch as soon as possible.
References Surface Stabilization
6.10,Temporary Seeding
6.11,Permanent Seeding
6.14,Mulching
Chapter 3,Vegetative Considerations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
6.03.4 • •

•
Practice Standards and Specifications
6.06 TEMPORARY GRAVEL CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE/EXIT
Definition A graveled area or pad located at points where vehicles enter and leave a con- .
struction site.
•
Purpose To provide a buffer area where vehicles can drop their mud and sediment to
• avoid transporting it onto public roads,to control erosion from surface runoff,
and to help control dust.
Conditions Where Wherever traffic will be leaving a construction site and moving directly onto a
Practice Applies public road or other paved off-site area.Construction plans should limit traffic
to properly constructed entrances.
• Design Criteria Aggregate Size—Use 2-3 inch washed stone.
Dimensions of gravel pad—
Thickness: 6 inches minimum
Width: 12-ft minimum or full width at all points•of the vehicular
entrance and exit area,whichever is greater
Length: . 50-ft minimum
Location—Locate construction entrances and exists to limit sediment from
leaving the site and to provide for maximum utility by all construction vehicles
• (Figure 6.06a).Avoid steep grades and entrances at curves in public roads.
z ..:-%+•
iii•
Z. NOSz\c' ./ /4314744 —.11- vo --
•I�• s• ••••I••sorlpf v
•.44.1:.�.pt• •1- evewip..trojjporeetteeker.,
,,!!•.mac.:4:-.1%i:��:• :::"..: �. .-6—... -IOC �4,84"41 %A•..
�0.. -'• Ik�' I�•s ce0•4941W AV o use i�o�:••ir,!1::`" min ` .'•�:;- i•r. •.I �i•�,,•••. •.•r \
•
coarse aggregate
•
.__)igure 6.06a Gravel entrance/exit keeps sediment from leaving the construction site(modified from Va WCC).
N.
h_n6_1

6
• Washing—If conditions at the site are such that most of the mud and sediment
are not removed by vehicles traveling over the gravel, the tires should be
washed.Washing should be done on an area stabilized with crushed stone that
drains into a sediment trap or other suitable disposal area..A wash rack may also
be used to make washing more convenient and effective.
•
Construction 1. Clear the entrance and exit area of all vegetation, roots, and other objec-
Specifications tionable material and properly grade it.
2.Place the gravel to the specific grade and dimensions shown on the plans,and
smooth it.
•
• 3.Provide drainage to carry water to a sediment trap or other suitable outlet.
• 4. Use geotextile fabrics because they improve stability of the foundation in
locations subject to seepage or high water table:
Maintenance Maintain the gravel pad in a condition to prevent mud or sediment from leav-
ing the construction site. This may require periodic topdressing with 2-inch
stone.After each rainfall,'inspect any structure used to trap sediment and clean .
it out as necessary. Immediately remove all objectionable materials spilled,
washed,or tracked onto public roadways.
References Runoff Conveyance Measures ,
6.30,Grass-lined Channels
Sediment Traps and Barriers
•
6.60,Temporary Sediment Trap
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
6.06.2 •

•
•
Practice Standards and Specifications
TEMPORARY DIVERSIONS
-.. T D
• ; Definition A temporary ridge or excavated channel or combination ridge and channel con-
structed across sloping land on a predetermined grade.
•
Purpose To protect work areas from upslope runoff and to divert sediment-laden water
• to appropriate traps or stable outlets.
•
Conditions Where This practice applies to construction areas where runoff can be diverted and.dis-
• Practice Applies posed of properly to control erosion,sedimentation,or flood damage.Specific
locations and conditions include:
• above disturbed existing slopes, and above cut or fill slopes to prevent
• runoff over the slope;•
• 0
• across unprotected slopes,as slope breaks,to reduce slope length;
•
• below slopes to divert excess runoff to stabilized outlets;
• where needed to divert sediment-laden water to sediment traps;
• at or near the perimeter of the construction area to keep sediment from
leaving the site; •
• above disturbed areas before stabilization to prevent erosion and maintain
acceptable working conditions.
• Temporary diversions may also serve as sediment traps when the site has
been overexcavated on.a flat grade;they may also be used in conjunction
• with a sediment fence.
Planning . It is important that diversions are properly designed, constructed and main-
C o n s i d e rati o n s tamed since they concentrate water flow and increase erosion potential(Figure
•
6.20a). Particular care must be taken in planning diversion grades.Too much
slope can result in erosive velocity in the diversion channel or at the outlet. A •
change of slope from steeper'grade to flatter may cause deposition to occur.The
deposition reduces carrying capacity and may cause overtopping and failure.
•
•
Frequent inspection and timely maintenance are essential to the proper function-
ing of diversions.
. Sufficient area must be available to construct and properly maintain diversions.
It is usually less costly to excavate a channel and form a ridge or dike on the
Compacted soil 2' •
•
< .min sI • •
•
4 FIoW •
• 18" min
I HUI= 111- 1111 Iii 111 l iii� PJiiiign1 ;i
0 F 6' typical •
Figure 6.20a Temporary earthen diversion dike.• • 0
• ' . • 6.20.1

downhill side with the spoil than to build diversions by other methods.Where
space is limited, it may be necessary to build the ridge by hauling in diking
material or using a silt fence to divert the flow.Use gravel to form the diversion
dike where vehicles must cross frequently(Figure 6.20b).
Coarse aggregate .
,• i: :•i�;eve tr,_ • 3:1 max
••.�e�.i•.•:•0;;• ::•• _'�•��...�•::
��'•�I•ii• P••'�•O •i•• •.4•446• 1 a min r`
.�� -�=,•.= Imo• ••••. ���•�.�1�•�••=•.:I•:••••
••••• �:••.
11 11 1l 1 I — un
llit ;=1- II 1= lll li=�ITIT I IT1 _11T= = =I1
Zr �— 9' typical =--� < {-_— 1 I I,1-=
Figure 6.20b Temporary gravel diversion dike for vehicle crossing(modified from Va SWCC).
•
Plan temporary diversions to function 1 year or more, or they may be con-
structed anew at the end of each day's grading operation to protect new fill.
Diversions that are to serve longer than 30 working days should be seeded and
mulched as soon as they are constructed to preserve dike height and reduce
maintenance.
•
Where design velocities exceed 2 ft/sec,a channel liner is usually necessary to
prevent erosion(Table 8.05a,Appendix 8.05).
Temporary diversions may serve as in-place sediment traps if overexcavated 1
to 2 ft and placed on a nearly flat grade.The dike serves to divert water as the
stage increases. A combination silt fence and channel in which fill from the
channel is used to stabilize the fence can trap sediment and divert runoff simul-
taneously. •
Wherever feasible, build and stabilize diversions and outlets before initiating
other land-disturbing activities.
•
•
• Design Criteria Drainage areas-5 acres or less.
Capacity—peak runoff from 10-year storm.
Velocity—See Table 8.05a,Permissible Velocities for Erosion Protection,Ap-
pendix 8.05. .
Ridge design— side slope: 2:1 or flatter
3:1 or flatter at points where vehicles cross .
top width: 2 ft minimum
• freeboard: 0.3 ft minimum
•
• • settlement:. 10%of total fill height minimum
•
•
6.2(Y_2 .

Practice Standards and Specifications
Channel design— shape: parabolic,trapezoidal,or V-shaped
side slope: 2:1 or flatter
3:1 or flatter where vehicles cross
Grades—Either a uniform or a gradually increasing grade is preferred.Sudden
decreases in grade accumulate sediment and should be expected to cause over-
topping.A large increase in•grade may erode.
• Outlet—Design the outlet to accept flow from the diversion plus any other con-
tributing areas.Divert sediment-laden runoff•and release through a sediinent-
trapping device (Practice 6.60,,Temporary Sediment Trap and Practice 6.61,
Sediment Basin). Flow from undisturbed areas can be dispersed by a level
spreader(Practice 6.40,Level Spreader).
Small diversions—Where the diversion channel grade is between 0.2 and 3%,
a permanent vegetative cover is required.A parabolic channel and ridge 1.5 ft
deep and 12 ft wide may be used for diversions with flows up to 5 cfs.This depth
does not include freeboard or settlement.Side slopes should be 3:1 or flatter and
the top of the dike must be at least 2 ft wide.
Construction 1. Remove and properly dispose of all trees,brush, stumps, and other objec-
Specifications tionable material.
2. Ensure that the minimum constructed cross section meets all design require-
ments.
3. Ensure that the top of the dike is not lower at any point than the design eleva-
tion plus the specified settlement.
4. Provide sufficient room around diversions to permit machine regrading and
cleanout. .
•
5. Vegetate the ridge immediately after construction, unless it will remain in
place less than 30 working days.
Maintenance Inspect temporary diversions once a week and after every rainfall.Immediate-
ly remove sediment from the flow area and repair the diversion ridge.Careful-
. ly check outlets and make timely repairs as needed.When the area protected is
permanently stabilized, remove the ridge and the channel to blend with the
natural ground level and appropriately stabilize it.
•
References Surface Stabilization •
6.10,Temporary Seeding .
6.11,Permanent Seeding
• 6.14,Mulching
• •
Outlet Protection •
6.40,Level Spreader . . .
6.41,Outlet Stabilization Structure

6
. . .
• Sediment Traps andBarriers
6.60,Temporary Sediment Trap
6.61,Sediment Basin
Appendices
8.03,Estimating Runoff
8.05,Design of Stable Channels and Diversions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
t •
•
.6:20.4 •

Practice Standards and Specifications
,.30 GRASS-LINED CHANNELS
`3• i i I i) •G L I III)
. . Definition A channel with vegetative lining constructed to design cross section and grade
for conveyance of runoff.
Purpose To convey and.dispose of concentrated surface runoff without damage from
erosion,deposition,or flooding.
• ' Conditions Where This practice applies to construction sites where:
•
Practice Applies
.. • concentrated runoff will cause damage from erosion or flooding;
•
• • a vegetative lining can provide sufficient stability for the channel cross
section and grade;
• slopes are generally less than.5%;
• space is available for a relatively large cross section.
Typical uses include roadside ditches,channels at property boundaries,outlets
for diversions,and other channels and drainage of low areas.
•
Planning LOCATION •
Considerations Generally, channels should be Iocated to conform with and use the natural
drainage system.Channels may also be needed along development boundaries,
. roadways,and backlot lines.Avoid channels crossing watershed boundaries or
ridges.
Plan the course of the channel to avoid sharp changes in direction or grade.Site
development should conform to natural features of the land and use natural
• drainageways rather than drastically reshape the land surface. Major recon-
figuration of the drainage system often entails increased maintenance and risk
of failure. .
Grass-lined channels must not be subject to sedimentation from disturbed
• areas.
•
An established grass-lined channel resembles natural drainage systems and, •
therefore,is usually preferred if design velocities are below 5 ft/sec.Velocities.
• . •• . up to 6 ft/sec can.be safely used under certain conditions (Table 8.05a,Appen •
-
dix 8.05). . .
Establishment of a dense,resistant vegetation is essential. Construct and veg-
•
etate grass-lined channels early in the construction schedule before grading and •
'paving increase the rate.of runoff.
Geotextile fabrics or special mulch protection such as fiberglass roving or straw
and netting provide stability until the vegetation is fully established. These
. _ • protective liners must be used whenever.design'velocities exceed 2'ft/sec for • .
bare soil conditions.'It may also be necessary to divert water from the channel
s:. `until vegetation is established or to line the channel with sod. Sediment traps..
may be needed at channel inlets and outlets. .
•
6.30.1 .

. . 6
V-shaped grass channels generally apply where the quantity of water is small, '
such as in short reaches along roadsides. The V-shaped cross section is least
desirable because it is difficult to stabilize the bottom where velocities may be
•
high.
•
Parabolic grass channels are often used where larger flows are expected and
space is available.The swale-like shape is pleasing and may best fit site condi-
tions.
• Trapezoidal grass channels are used where•runoff volumes are large and slope
is low so that velocities are nonerosive to vegetated linings.
Subsurface drainage,or riprap channel bottoms,may be necessary on sites that
are subject to prolonged wet conditions due to long duration flows or high water
tables (Practice 6.81, Subsurface Drain and Practice 6.31,Riprap-lined and
• Paved Channels).
OUTLETS
•
Outlets must be stable.Where channel improvement ends,the exit velocity for
the design flow must be nonerosive for the existing field conditions. Stability
conditions beyond the property boundary should always be considered(Prac-
• tice 6.41,Outlet Stabilization Structure).
AREA
• . • Where urban drainage area exceeds 10 acres,it is recommended that grass-lined
channels be designed by an engineer experienced in channel design.
C.__I
• Design Criteria Capacity—As a minimum,grass-lined channels should carry peak runoff from
the 10-yr storm without eroding. Where flood hazard exists, increase the
. capacity according to the potential damage.Channel dimensions may be deter-
mined by using design tables with appropriate retardance factors or by
•
Manning's formula using an appropriate"n"value.When retardance factors are
used,the capacity is usually based on retardance"C"and stability on retardance
"D" (References:Appendix,8.05). . .
•
Velocity—The allowable design velocity for grass-lined channels is based on
•
soil conditions, type.of vegetation,and method of establishment(Table 8.05a,
Appendix 8.05). •
•
If design velocity of a channel to be vegetated by seeding exceeds 2 ft/sec,a
temporary channel liner is required. The design of the liner may be based on
peak flow from a 2-yr•storm.If vegetation is established by sodding, the per-
- missible velocity for established vegetation shown in Table 8.05a may be used
• and no"temporaryliner is needed.Whether a temporary lining is requried or not
• permanent channel linings must be stable for the 10-yrstorm.A design approach
•
based on erosion resistance of various liner materials developed by the Federal
Highway Administration is presented in Appendix 8.05.
Cross section--The channel shape may be parabolic,trapezoidal,or V-shaped, .
depending on need andsite:;eonditions(Figure 6.30a).
•
•
•6.30.2 •

•
Practice Standards and Specifications
,
•
Figure 6.30a Cross section geometry of.
triangular, parabolic, and trapezoidal Triangular "V"
channels.
• It T ►.
•
• T
x-section area(A) = Zd2
• top width (T) = 2dz Z= d
•
Parabolic
d
T
•
x-section area(A) = 2/3 Td •
.
top width (T) =1.5A
Trapezoidal
f T ►,
b ► 4
x-section area(A) = bd + Zd2 e
top width (T) = b + 2dz .•
Z_—
Hydraulic grade line—Examine the design water surface if the channel sys-
tem becomes complex.
• • Side slopes—Grassed channel side slopes generally are constructed 3:1 or flat-
ter to aid in the establishment of vegetation and for maintenance.Side slopes of
V-shaped channels are usually constructed 6:1 or flatter along roadways for
safety. •
• Depth and width—The channel depth and width are proportioned to meet the .
• needs of drainage,soil conditions, erosion control,carrying capacity and site
conditions.Construct channels a minimum of 0.2 ft larger around the periphery
• to allow for soil bulking during seedbed preparations and sod buildup.
•
Grade—Either a uniform or gradually increasing grade is preferred to avoid
sedimentation.Where the grade is excessive,grade stabilization structures may
be required or channel linings of riprap or paving should'be considered(Prac-
tice 6.82,Grade Stabilization Structure).
•
•
• • • • • 6303

6
Drainage—Install subsurface drains in locations with high water tables or
•
seepage problems that would inhibit establishment of vegetation in the channel.
Stone channel bottom lining may be needed where prolonged low flow is an-
ticipated.
Outlets—Evaluate the outlets of all channels for carrying capacity and stability
and protect them from erosion by limiting the exit velocity(Practice 6.41,Out-
let Stabilization Structure).
Sedimentation protection—Protect permanent grass channels from sediment
produced in the watershed,especially during the construction period.This can
be accomplished by the effective use of diversions, sediment traps,protected
side inlets,and vegetative filter strips along the channel.
• Construction 1. Remove,all trees,brush,stumps,and other objectionable material from the •
Specifications foundation area and dispose of properly.
2. Excavate the channel and shape it to neat lines and dimensions shown on the
plans plus a 0.2-ft overcut around the channel perimeter to allow for bulking
during seedbed preparations and sod buildup.
3. Remove and properly dispose of all excess soil so that surface water may
enter the channel freely.
4. The procedure used to establish grass in the channel will depend upon the
severity of the conditions and selection of species. Protect the channel with
mulch or a temporary liner sufficent to withstand anticipated velocities during
the establishment period(Appendix 8.05).
Maintenance During the establishment period,check grass-lined channels after every rain-
fall. After grass is established,periodically check the channel; check it after
every heavy rainfall event.Immediately make repairs.It is particularly impor-
tant to check the channel outlet and all,road crossings for bank stability and
evidence of piping or scour holes.Remove all significant sediment accumula-
tions to maintain the designed carrying capacity.Keep the grass in a healthy,
vigorous condition at all times,since it is the primary erosion protection for the
channel(Practice 6.11,Permanent Seeding).
••
References Surface Stabilization • •
" .
6.11,Permanent Seeding
6.12,Sodding " "
6.14,Mulching "
Outlet Protection •
6.41, Outlet Stabilization Structure
Other Related Practices
• 6.81,Subsurface Drain "
6.82,Grade Stabilization Structure "
•
•
•
6:30:4 •

•
•
Practice Standaids and Specifications
)
Appendices
8.02,Vegetation Tables
• 8.03,Estimating Runoff
8.05,Design of Stable Channels and Diversions
•
1 •
•
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Practice Standar-ds:.and Specifications
•
•
,31. RIPRAP AND PAVED CHANNELS
RR
Definition Channels with erosion-resistant linings of riprap, paving, or other structural
J P J material designed for the conveyance and safe disposal of excess water.
Purpose To convey concentrated surface runoff without erosion.
•
•
Conditions Where This practice applies where design flow velocity exceeds 2 ft/sec so that a chan-
Practice Applies nel lining is required, but conditions are unsuitable for grass-lined channels:• .
Specific conditions include:
• Channels where slopes over 5%predominate; continuous or prolonged
flows occur;potential for damage from traffic(people or vehicles)exists;
or soils are erodible and soil properties.are not suitable for vegetative
protection.
• Design velocity exceeds that allowable for a grass-lined channel.
• Property value justifies the cost to contain the design runoff in a limited
space.
•
• Channel setting warrants the use of special paving materials.
Planning Riprap or paving materials are generally employed as channel liners when
Considerations n s i d e rati o n s design flow velocities exceed the tolerance of grass or where grass lining is in-
appropriate(Practice 6.30, Grass-lined Channels).
•
•
Flexible liners are preferred to rigid liners, and riprap is the, flexible liner of
choice.Riprap is preferred primarily on the basis of cost,but it has several ad-
ditional advantages such as:
• • Riprap liners can be designed to withstand most flow velocities by choos-
ing stable stone size. •
• Riprap adjusts to unstable foundation conditions without failure.
• •
• • • Failure of a riprap liner is not as expensive to repair as a rigid liner would
• be.
• The roughness of riprap reduces outlet velocity,and tends to reduce flow
volume by allowing infiltration.
Rigid liners such as 'concrete or flagstone can carry large volumes.of water
without eroding.However,they are more expensive to design and construct,are
less forgiving of foundation conditions,and introduce high energies that must
be controlled and dissipated to avoid damage to channel outlets and receiving
. streams.• .
•
• Channels combining grassed side slopes and riprap or paved bottoms may be
• used where velocities are within allowable limits for grass lining along the chan-
••
nel sides, but long-duration flows, seepage, or a high. velocity flow would
• damage vegetation in the channel bottom. ••
.
•
•
•
•
•
6.31:1 .

6
•
Paving blocks and gabions have some of the same characteristics as riprap and
are often used instead of riprap to fit certain site conditions.
• Channels with smooth liners, such as concrete or flagstone, usually are not
limited by velocity,take up less land area,and can be constructed to fit limited
site conditions.In addition, they provide a more formal appearance and usual-
• ly require less maintenance.Exercise care to see that foundation soils are stable
and proper foundation drainage is installed.Appropriate measures are needed
to reduce the exit velocity of the paved channel to protect the receiving chan-
nel or outlet.
Where urban drainage area exceeds 10 acres it is recommonded that riprap and
paved channels be designed by an engineer experienced in channel design.
Design Criteria Capacity—Design channels to contain the peak runoff from the 10-yr storm as
• a minimum.Where flood damage potential is high, expand the capacity to the
extent of the value or hazard involved.
Velocity—Compute velocity using Manning's equation with an appropriate n
value for the selected lining.Values for Manning's n are shown in Table 6.31a.
Table 6.31 a
Guide for Selecting Manning Lining Material n
n Values Concrete:
Trowel finish 0.012-0.014
Float finish 0.013-0.017 •
Gunite 0.016-0.022
Flagstone 0.020-0.025
Paving blocks 0.025
Riprap Determine from Table 8.05f
Gabion 0.025-0.030
Channel gradient—When the Froude Number is between 0.7 and 1.3. Chan-
nel flows may become unstable and the designer should consider modifying the
channel slope:Reaches designed for supercritical flow should be straight unless
special design procedures are used.
• FR = �2B
gA• 3 •
Where:
FR = Froude Number,dimensionless
Q = Discharge,ft3/sec .
B = Water surface width,ft.
•
g = 32.2 ft/sec2
. •
A .= Cross-sectional area,ft2
Cross section-The cross section may be triangular,parabolic,or trapezoidal..
•• Reinforced concrete or gabions may be rectangular g Y gu (Figure 6.31a).
•
6.31.2 . .

•
•
•
Practice Standards and Specifications
•
— V-shaped. Riprap Channel
thly blend .
ontact area Design top.width
dip--�t��� Design depth • ai�,'�s���t,—(Illf
��■%102 rl ! — ,I. -_tom } 1.
Design thickness � t T_ i or —" •VT,40M ...-1114_''.11
Design thickness — ?,,, w Iut9-''•l = II II
(1= IIII--- Subgrade excavation
=tllrtl=11111— I 'iii
•
1111� Ill= I11V Filter layer,,gravel or fabric
•
•
Trapezoidal Riprap Channel
Design top width )r'
10
Ill �`w Design depth %.1ill Il
==={l(ir_°;tee _ : i111=111
ITT=III -�`j��..:::.«.:..�.....t..:_ ._�•, ,11=
( I 11• if-MI4iii)=)iili_il ii Aiii.I_III11=r
Filter layer, gravel
or fabric .
Parabolic-shaped Riprap Channel
Smoothly blend t Design top width
contact area
�``-��t11`. Design depth •A!'"
11i► �ZL— ��5 ,ja. lt
Design thickness II --���`` s=a•��.s1 � .
•
•Design thickness • t • A -.' Subgrade excavation
11I= 1 ' —
Filter layer, gravel or fabric
Figure 6.31a Construction detail of riprap channel dross sections.
•
•
Side slope—Base side slopes on the materials.and placement methods in
Table'6.31b. .
•
. Hydraulic grade line—Ensure that the design water surface in the channel
• meets the design flow elevations of tributary channels and diversions. Ensure
•
. • • that it is below safe flood elevations for homes,roads,or other improvements.
.
•
Rev. 12/93 •
6.31.3 •

6 '
Table 6.31 b
Guide for Selecting Channel Maximum
• Side Slopes Nonreinforced Concrete Slope
. Formed Concrete •
Height of liningl.5 ft or less . vertical
Screeded concrete or flagstone mortared in place.
• Height of lining less than 2 ft 1:1
• Height of lining more than 2 ft . 2:1
Slip form concrete
Height of lining less than 3 ft 1:1
Riprap and Paving Blocks 2:1
Depth and width—Proportion the channel.depth and width to meet the needs
of drainage,carrying capacity,foundation limitations,and specific site condi-
tions.
•
Lining thickness—Minimum lining thickness should be as shown in Table
6.31c.
Filter layer—A sand/gravel filter layer should be used under the channel lining
to prevent piping and reduce uplift pressure(Appendix 8.05).
Riprap—For the design of riprap channels see Appendix 8.05.
Concrete—Concrete for linings should be a dense,durable product sufficient-
ly plastic for thorough consolidation but stiff enough to stay in place on side
slopes.As a minimum,use a mix certified as 3,000 lb/inch2
Cutoff—Cutoff walls are needed at the beginning and end of paved or riprapped
channel sections to protect against undercutting.Expansion joints and addition-
al cutoff walls may also be needed.
•
Outlets—Evaluate the capacity and stability of all channel outlets and protect
• them from erosion by limiting exit velocity(Practices 6.40,Level Spreader and
6.41,Outlet Stabilization Structure).
Table 6.31c
Channel Lining Thickness Material Minimum Thickness
Concrete 4 inches
Rock riprap 1.5 x maximum stone
diameter .
Flagstone 4 inches including mortar
•
Construction 1. Clear the foundation area of trees,stumps,roots,loose rock, and other ob-
Specifications jectionable material. .
•
2. Excavate the cross section to the lines arid grades of the foundation of the •
liner as shown on the plans.Bring over-excavated areas to grade by increasing
the thickness of the liner or by backfilling with moist soil compacted to the den-
sity of the surrounding material.
•
6.31.4 ' ' .

•
•
•
• Practice Standards and Specifications
r"
•
•
3. Concrete linings:
• Place concrete linings to the thickness shown on the plans and finish them
in a workmanlike manner.
• Take adequate precautions to protect freshly placed concrete from ex-
treme temperatures to ensure proper curing.
• Ensure that subgrade is moist when concrete is poured.
• • Install foundation drains or weep holes where needed to protect against
uplift and piping.
• • Provide transverse (contraction) joints to control cracking at approxi-
mately 20-ft intervals. These joints may be formed by using a 1/2-inch
thick removable template or by sawing to a depth of at least 1 inch.
• Install expansion joints at intervals not to exceed 100 ft.
4. Rock riprap linings:Practice 6.15;Riprap.
5. Place filters,beddings and foundation drains to line and grade in the manner
specified. Place filter and bedding materials immediately after slope prepara-
don. For synthetic filter fabrics, overlap the downstream edge by at least 12
inches with the upstream edge which is buried a minimum 12"in a trench. See
figure 6.14a, page 6.14.6. Space anchor pins every 3 ft. along the overlap.
Spread granular materials in a uniform layer.When more than one gradation is
required, spread the layers so there is minimal mixing. Filter material should
consist of at least 3 inches of material on all sides of the drain pipe.The drain
pipe conduit should be a minimum of 4 inches in diameter.Acceptable materials
include perforated, continuous, closed joint conduits of clay, concrete, metal,
plastic or other suitable material(Practice 6.81,Sub-Surface Drain) •
6. Perform all channel construction to keep erosion and water pollution to a
• minimum.Immediately upon completion of the channel,vegetate all disturbed
areas or otherwise protect them against soil erosion.Where channel construction
will take longer than 30 days,stabilize channels by reaches.
Maintenance Inspect channels at regular intervals as well as after major rains, and make
•
repairs promptly:Give special attention to the outlet and inlet sections and other'
points where concentrated flow enters. Carefully check stability at road cross-
ings and look for indications of piping, scour holes, or bank failures. Make
•
• repairs immediately.Maintain all vegetation adjacent to the channel in a healthy,
• • • vigorous condition to protect the area from erosion and scour during out-of-bank
• flow.
•
•
References Surface Stabilization
•
6.11,Permanent Seeding
6.15,Riprap
•
��— • • Runoff Conveyance Measures • •
6.30,Grass-lined Channels
•
•
Rev.12/93
6.31.5

6
Outlet Protection
6.41, Outlet Stabilization Structure
Other Related Practices
6.81,Subsurface Drain
• Appendices
8.03,Estimating Runoff
8.05,Design of Stable Channels and Diversions
•
•
•
•
J
631.6
Rev.17J93

Practice Standards and Specifications
• �,or,„, TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP .
. y • .
Definition A small, temporary ponding basin formed by an embankment or excavation
to capture sediment. .
' 'Purpose To detain sediment-laden runoff and trap the sediment to protect receiving
streams, lakes, drainage systems, and protect adjacent property.
•
Conditions Where Specific criteria for installation of a temporary sediment trap are as follows:
Practice.Applies • At the outlets of diversions, channels, slope drains, or other runoff
. conveyances that discharge sediment-laden water. .
•
• Below areas that are draining 5 acres or less. •
• Where access can be maintained for sediment removal and proper
disposal. • .
• In the approach to a stormwater inlet located below a disturbed area as
part of an inlet protection system.
• Structure life limited to 2 years.
A temporary sediment trap should not be located in an intermittent or
perennial stream.
Planning Select locations for sediment traps during site evaluation. Note natural •
Considerations drainage divides and select trap sites so that runoff from potential sediment-
producing areas can easily be diverted into the traps. Ensure the drainage
areas for each trap does not exceed 5 acres. Install temporary sediment traps
• before'land disturbing takes place within the drainage'area.
Make traps readily accessible for periodic sediment removal and other
necessary. maintenance. Plan locations for sediment disposal.as•part of trap
site•selection. Clearly designate all disposal areas on the plans.
•
In preparing plans for sediment traps,it is important to consider provisions to
protect the embankment from failure from storm runoff that exceeds the design
• capacity. Locate bypass outlets so that flow will not damage the embankment. •
Direct emergency bypasses to undisturbed natural,stable areas. If a bypass is
not possible and failure would have severe consequences, consider alternative
sites. • .
Sediment trapping is achieved primarily by settling within a pool formed by
an embankment. The sediment pool may also be formed by excavation, or by -
a combination of excavation and embankment. Sediment-trapping efficiency
• ' is a function of surface area and inflow rate (Practice 6.61, Sediment.Basin).
. • Therefore, maximize the surface area in the design. Because porous baffles -
. improve flow distribution across the basin,high length.to width ratios are not
necessary to reduce short-circuiting and to optimize efficiency. • .
Because well, planned sediment traps are,key measures to preventing off- • .
site sedimentation, they should be installed in the first stages of project
development. .
•
Rev.6/06
6,60,1 - •

i ••
6 • '
(
• •• Design. Criteria Summary: Temporary Sediment Trap ��
Primary Spillway: Stone Spillway • ..,
•
Maximum Drainage Area: 5 acres
Minimum Volume: 3600 cubic feet per acre of disturbed area
Minimum Surface Area: 435 square feet per cfs of Q(0 peak inflow
• Minimum L/W Ratio: 2:1
•• Minimum Depth: 3.5 feet,'1.5 feet excavated below grade
Maximum Height: Weir elevation 3.5 feet above grade •
Dewatering Mechanism: Stone Spillway .
Minimum Dewatering Time: N/A .
Baffles Required: 3
Storage capacity—Provide a minimum volume of 3600 ft3/acre of disturbed
area draining into the basin. .Required storage volume may also be determined
by modeling the soil loss with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation or
other acceptable methods. Measure volume to the crest elevation of the stone
spillway outlet. • .
Trap cleanout—Remove sediment from the trap, and restore the capacity
• to original trap dimensions when sediment has accumulated to one-lhalf the •
design depth. •
• Trap efficiency—The following design elements must be provided for
adequate trapping efficiency:
• Provide•a surface area of 0.01 acres(435 square feet)per cfs based on the
', 10-year storm;
•
• Convey runoff into the basin through stable'diversions or temporary slope
drains;
•
• Locate sediment inflow to the basin away from the dam to prevent short
• circuits from inlets to the outlet;
• Provide porous baffles (Practice 6.65,Porous Baffles); •
•
• Excavate 1.5 feet of the depth of the basin below grade, and provide
minimum storage depth of 2 feet above grade.
Embankment—Ensure that embankments for temporary sediment traps do
not exceed 5 feet in height. Measure from the center line of the•original ground
surface to the top of the embankment. Keep the crest of the spillway outlet
a minimum of 1.5 feet below the settled top of the embankment.' Freeboard
may be added to the embankment height to allow flow through a designated
bypass location. Construct embankments with a minimum top width:of 5 feet
and side slopes of 2:1 or flatter. Machine compact embankments.
Excavation—Where sediment.pools are formed or enlarged by excavation,
• keep side slopes at 2:1 or flatter for safety.. .
• - Outlet section—Construct the sediment trap outlet using a stone section of
•
•
the embankment located at the low point in the basin. The stone section serves •
• - • • • • • two purposes: (1) the top section serves as a non-erosive.spillway outlet for
flood flows; and (2) the bottom section provides a means of dewatering the
• • basin between runoff events: -
•
: . Stone size—Construct.the outlet using well-graded stones with a cis()size of 9
•
inches(Class B erosion control stone is recommended,)and a maximum stone .
• 6.60..2 •
Rev.6/06 '

•
• Practice Standards and Specifications
•
size of 14 inches. The entire upstream face of the rock structure should be
covered with fine gravel(NCDOT#57 or#5 wash stone)a minimum of 1 foot
• thick to reduce the drainage rate.
Side slopes—Keep the side slopes of the spillway section at 2:1 or flatter.
•
To protect the embankment, keep the sides of the spillway at least 21 inches
thick:
•
Depth—The basin should be excavated 1.5 feet below grade.
Stone spillway height—The sediment storage depth should be a minimum bf
2 feet and a maximum of 3.5 feet above grade. •
Protection from piping—Place filter cloth.on the foundation below the riprap
to prevent piping. An alternative would be to excavate a keyway trench across '
the riprap foundation and up the sides to the height of the darn:
•
•
• Weir length and depth—Keep the spillway weir at least 4 feet long and sized
to pass the peak discharge of the 10-year storm (Figure 6.60a). A maximum
flow depth of six inches, a minimum freeboard of 1 foot, and maximum side
slopes of 2:1 are recommended. Weir length may be selected from Table 6.60a • '
shown for most site locations in North Carolina.
Cross—Section 12" min of NCDOT#5 H. n—►�
or#57 washed stoney
". •' _ 1.5' min.
•
2e: '
3600 cu ft/acre 41z, �'
Ma X
•
Air 0 Y .q r •1o+r1%
r a fabric * . ..
•
•
•
•
•
Design settled 21' , • Overfill6"for
top ar. r settlement
• Plan View
• FFY,rFn 3, h •
e? VP. t�'r f'$'li�'r-`
�` � � � . 4, 4" ge- 1.0 Emergency by-.
11.1;,z z�� ¢-<r, �" : . 3 � �_. pass 6 below
• min
mnx c, s„ - settled top of
fill E4 ��`� dam
2' to 3.5'.. 'i n' e,3 c <` 4:4 .k4'� .,w • :ti Y $ h����. k 7�'3'=s•
----I 'a'n' '�..:`�..✓"' n �' 1F,-zusEy '"u-w'' N. 'aL_ A..„4:
air
Natural
•
3, Ground •
filter .
•
fabric min.•
•
•
• Figure 6.60a Plan view and cross-section view of a temporary sediment trap. •
•
•
•
•
Rev.6/06

•
•
6 .
•
Table 6.60a Drainage Area Weir Length' f
. .Desig:n of Spillways (acres) (ft) .
1 4.0
• . 2 6.0
3 . 8.0
• 4' 10.0 • .
•5 12.0 •• •
'Dimensions shown are minimum.
• Construction 1. Clear,grub,and strip the area under the embankment of all vegetation and
.Specifications root mat. Remove all surface soil containing high amounts of organic matter, •
•
and stockpile or dispose of it properly. Haul all objectionable material to the
designated disposal area. . •
• 2. Ensure that fill material for the embankment is free of roots, woody •
vegetation, organic matter, and other objectionable material. Place the fill in •
lifts not to exceed 9 inches,and machine compact it. Over fill the embankment
6 inches to allow for settlement.
3. Construct the outlet section in the embankment. Protect the connection
between the riprap and the soil from piping by using filter fabric or a keyway
cutoff trench between the riprap structure and soil.
•
• Place the filter fabric between the riprap and the.soil. Extend the fabric
across the spillway foundation and sides to the top of the dam; or ,,----N
•
• Excavate a keyway trench along the center line of the spillway foundation
• extending up the sides to the height of the dam. The trench should be at
least 2 feet deep and 2 feet wide with 1:1 side slopes.
4. Clear the pond area below the elevation of the crest of the spillway to
facilitate sediment cleanout. •
•
••
5. All cut and fill slopes should be 2:1 or flatter.
•
•
6. Ensure that the stone (drainage) section of the embankment has as
minimum bottom width of 3 feet and maximum side slopes of 1:1 that extend •
to the bottom of the spillway section. .
•
•
. 7. Construct the minimum finished stone spillway bottom width, as shown •
• on the plans, with' 2:1 side slopes extending to the top of the over filled
embankment. Keep the thickness of the sides of the spillway outlet.structure
•
at a minimum of 21 inches. The weir must be levet and:consfructed to
• grade to assure design capacity. .
•
8• . Material use'd in the stone section should be a well-graded•mixture of stone
. • • with a d50 size of 9 inches(class B erosion control stone is recommended) and
a maximum stone size of 14 inches. The stone may be machine placed and the
smaller stones worked into the voids of the larger stones. The stone should be •
hard,•angular, and highly weather-resistant.
• ••
9. Discharge inlet water into'the basin in a manner to prevent erosion. Use ..
•
temporary slope drains or diversions with outlet protection to divert sediment- (--1
. laden water to the upper.erid of the pool area to improve basin trap efficiency:
(References:Runoff Control Measures and Outlet Protection)..
6.60.4 .
Rev.6/06 .

Practice Standards and Specifications
10. Ensure that the stone spillway outlet section extends downstream past the .
toe of the embankment until stable conditio
ns ions are reached and outlet velocity
• . is acceptable for.the receiving stream. Keep'the edges of the stone outlet
section flush with the surrounding ground,and shape the center to confine the
outflow stream(References: Outlet Protection). .
• 11. Direct emergency bypass to natural, stable areas. Locate bypass outlets
so that flow will not damage the embankment.
• 12. Stabilize the embankment_and all disturbed areas above the sediment pool
and downstream from the trap immediately after construction (References:.
Surface Stabilization).
13. Show the distance from the top of.the spillway to the sediment cleanout
• level (1/2 the design depth) on the plans and mark it in the field.
14. Install porous baffles as specified in Practice 6.65,Porous Baffles.
Maintenance Inspect temporary sediment traps at least weekly and after each significant('/Z
inch or greater)rainfall event and repair immediately. Remove sediment, arid
restore the trap to its original dimensions when the sediment has accumulated
to one-half the design depth of the trap. Place the sediment that is removed in
the designated disposal area, and replace the part of the gravel facing.that is .
• impaired by sediment.
Check the structure for damage from erosion or piping. Periodically check the • .
depth of the spillway to ensure it is a minimum of 1.5 feet below the low point -
1' of the embankment. Immediately fill any settlement of the embankment to
slightly above design grade. Any riprap displaced from the spillway must
be replaced immediately. .
After all sediment-producing areas have been permanently stabilized,remove •
the structure and all unstable sediment. Smooth the area to blend with the
• adjoining areas, and stabilize properly(References:Surface Stabilization).
References Outlet Protection
6.41, Outlet Stabilization Structure
Runoff Control Measures •
6.20,.Temporary Diversions -
6.21,Permanent Diversions
. 6.22,Diversion Dike(Perimeter Protection)'
6.23,Right-of-way Diversion(Water Bars)
Surface Stabilization
. 6.10,Temporary Seeding '
• 6.11,Permanent Seeding . . - •. - _ ,
• 6.15,Riprap
Sediment Traps and Barriers .•
6.61, Sediment Basins. . •
6.64,Skimmer Basins • - •
,, 6.65,Porous Baffles .
.
• • . North Carolina Department of Transportation .
Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures
•
•
.Rev.6/06 • . 6.60.5

•
•
•
Practice Standards and Specifications • '
•
:6•62 - .
• SEDIMENT FENCE .•
Definition A temporary sediment control measure. consisting .of fabric buried. at the
bottom,stretched, and supported by posts.
•
•
Purpose To retain sediment from small disturbed areas by reducing the velocity of
sheet flows to allow sediment deposition. .
Conditions Where Below small-disturbed areas that are less then '/ acre per 100 feet of fence. •
' :Practice Applies Where runoff can be stored behind the sediment fence without damaging the •
•
fence or the submerged area behind the fence.
•
• Do not install sediment fences across streams, ditches, or waterways,.or
other areas of concentrated flow.
Sediment fence should be placed.along topographic elevation contours,:where . .
it can intercept stormwater runoff that is in dispersed sheet flow. Sediment .
' fence should not be used alone below graded slopes greater than•110 feet in
-height.
'Planning A sediment fence is a system to retain sediment on the construction site. The '
1 ! Considerations fence retains sediment primarily by retarding flow and promoting deposition.
In operation, generally the fence becomes clogged with fine particles, which
reduce the flow rate. This causes a pond to develop behind the fence. The
designer should anticipate ponding and provide sufficient storage areas and
overflow outlets to prevent flows from overtopping the fence. Since sediment
• fences are not designed to withstand high water levels, locate them so that'
• only shallow pools can form. Tie the ends of a sediment fence•into higher • • •
•
ground to prevent flow around the end'of the fence before the pool.reaches
•
design level. Curling'each end of the fence uphill in a "J" pattern may be
appropriate to prevent end flow. Provide stabilized outlets to protect the.fence •
• system and release storm flows that exceed the design storm.
•
' Deposition occurs as the storage pool forms behind the fence. The designer can.
•
direct flows to specified deposition areas through appropriate positioning of
the fence or by providing an excavated area behind the fence. Plan deposition." . •
• areas at accessible points to promote routine cleanout and maintenance..$how.
-deposition areas in the erosion and sedimentation control plan.. A.sediment
'fence-acts as a diversion if placed slightly off the.contour. A maximum slope .
. of 2 percent is recommended. This technique may be used.to•control'shallow,
•
uniform flows from small disturbed areas and to deliver.setiiment-laden water
. • -to deposition areas. The anchoring of the toe of the•fence should be.reinforced _ •
' with 12 inches()INC DOT#5 or#57 washed stone when flow will runparallel -
to the toe of the fence. '
•
• Sediment fences serve no function along ridges or near drainage.divides where
•
there is little movement,of water. Confining or diverting runoff unnecessarily
•
�_<< • - •
with a sediment fence may create erosion and sedimentation problems that.
• would not otherwise occur. •
Rev.6/06 •
0:62.1

•
Straw-barriers have only a 0-20%trapping efficiency and are inadequate.Straw
•
bales may not beused in place of sediment fence. Prefabricated sediment fence .. -
• • •. • with the fabric already stapled to thin wooden posts does not meet minimum
• standards specified later in this section.
•
Anchoring of sediment fence is critical. The toe of the fabric must be anchored
in a trench backfilled with compacted earth. Mechanical compaction must be .
• • provided in order for the fence to effectively pond runoff.
• • Design Criteria Ensure that drainage area is no greater than ''/a acre per 100 feet offence. This •
. is the maximum drainage area when the slope is less than 2 percent. Where
al] runoff is to be stored behind the fence, ensure that the maximum slope
• length behind.a sediment fence does not exceed the specifications shown in
• Table 6.62a. The shorter slope length allowed for steeper slopes.will greatly
reduce the maximum drainage area. For example,a 10-20%slope may have •
a maximum slope length of 25 feet. For a.100-foot length of sediment fence, •
.the drainage area would be 25ft X 100ft=2500sq.ft.,or 0.06 acres.
Table 6.-62a Maximum Slope Slope Length (ft) Maximum Area (ft2) •
• Slope Length and Slope for <2% • 100 .10,0.00
which Sediment Fence is 2 to 5% 75 • 7,500
Applicable 5 to 10% 50 • 5,000
10 to 20% 25 • 2,500
• • >20% . 15 1,500
Make the fence stable for the 10-year peak storm runoff.•
• Ensure that the depth of impounded water does not exceed 1.5 feet at any point
•
along the fence. •
•
If non-erosive outlets are provided, slope length may be increased beyond
that shown in Table 6.62a,but runoff from the area should be determined and
•
bypass capacity and erosion potential along the fence must be checked. The
•velocity of the flow at the outlet or along the fence should be in keeping with
Table 8.05d,Appendix 8.05.
Provide a riprap splash pad•or other outlet protection device for any point
where flow may overtop the sediment fence, such as natural depressions or
swales. Ensure that the maximum height of the fence at a protected,reinforced
•
outlet does not exceed 2 feet and that support post spacing does not exceed 4 •
• feet.
•
The design life of a synthetic sediment fence should be 6.months.
•
• Construction • MATERIALS •
1. Use a•synthetic filter fabric of at least 95% by weight of polyolefiris or
Specifications polyester, which is certified by the manufacturer or supplier as conforming to • •
••
the requirements in ASTM D 6461,which is shown in part in Tabli 6.62b. •
Synthetic filter fabric should contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and stabilizers •
to provide a minimum of 6 months of expected usable constrndtion life at a . •
temperature range of 0 to.120°F.
•
•
6.62.2 Rev.6/06
.

•
Practice Standards and Specifications
•
' 2. Ensure that posts -for sediment fences are 1.33- lb/linear ft steel with.
a minimum.length of 5 feet. Make sure that steel posts have projections to
facilitate fastening the fabric.
•
•
3. For reinforcement of standard strength filter fabric;use wire fence with.a
minimum 14:gauge and a maximum mesh spacing of 6 inches. .
.Table 6:62b Specifcations`For Sediment Fence Fabric • -
•
Temporary Silt Fence Material Property.Requirements
• Supported' Un-Supported' Type of
Test Material Units Silt Fence Silt Fence Value
•GrabStrength -ASTM D 4632 N(lbs)
- MachineDirection 400 550 . MARV
' • • (90) (90) •
•
X-Machine Direction 400 450 MARV-
. (90) (90)
Permittivity' . ASTM D 4491 sec-1 . 0.05 0.05 MARV
Apparent Opening Size' ASTM D 4751 mm 0.60 0.60 • Max:ARV3.
•
(US Sieve#) (30) . (30)
•
70%after 70%after Ultraviolet Stability ASTM D 4355 Retained Typical
Strength 500h of exposure 500h of exposure
- 'Silt Fence support shall consist of 14 gage steel wire with a mesh spacing of 150 mm(6 inches),or prefabricated poylmer mesh of
equivalent strength.
-1 --i 2 These default values are based on empirical evidence with a variety of sediment. For environmentally sensitive areas,a review of .
previous experience and/or site or regionally specific geotextile tests in accordance.with Test Method-D 5141 should be performed
•
by the agency to confirm suitability of these requirements.
3As measured in accordance with Test Method D 4632.
CONSTRUCTION .
1. Construct the sediment barrier of standard strength or extra strength
• synthetic filter fabrics.
•
• 2. Ensure that the height of the sediment fence does not exceed 24 inches _
•
above the ground surface. (Higher fences may impound volumes of water -
sufficient to cause failure of the structure.). .
3. Construct the filter fabric from a continuous roll cut to the length Of the • .
• • • barrier to avoid joints. When joints are necessary, securely fasten the.filter
• cloth only at a support post with 4 feet minimum overlap to the next post.
•
•
4. Support standard strength filter fabric by wire mesh fastened securely to
the upslope side of the posts. Extend the wire mesh support to the bottom:of
• the trench. Fasten the wire reinforcement, then fabric on the upslope side of •'
the fence post. Wire or plastic zip ties should have minimum S0 pound tensile ••
. . strength. .
•
• - 5. When a wire mesh support fence is used,space posts a maximum.of 8 feet .
apart. Support posts should be driven securely into the ground a minimum of•
•
24 inches. -
• -
6. Extra strength filter fabric with 6 feet post spacing does not require-wire
• mesh support fence. Securely fasten the filter fabric directly to posts. Wire or • - •.
. plastic zip ties should have minimum 50 pound tensile strength. .
Rev.6/06
. 6.62:3

6 .
7. Excavate a trench approximately 4 inches wide and 8 inches deep along
• . the proposed line of posts and,upslope from the barrier(Figure 6.62a). •
8. Place 12 inches of the fabric along the bottom and side of the trench.
9. Backfill the trench with soil placed over the filter fabric and compact.
Thorough compaction of the backfill is critical to silt fence performance.
• 10. Do not attach filter fabric to existing trees. •
SEDIMENT FENCE INSTALLATION USING THE SLICING•METHOD
•
• Instead of excavating a trench, placing fabric and then backfilling trench, •
sediment fence may be installed using specially designed equipment.that
• inserts the fabric into a cut sliced in the ground with.a disc(Figure 6.62b).
•
• . Installation 1. The base of both end posts should be at least one foot°higher than the
•
• Specifications middle of the fence. Check with a level if necessary.
2. Install posts 4 feet apart in critical areas and 6 feet apart.on standard
applications.
3. Install posts 2 feet deep on the downstream side of the silt fence, and
as close as possible to the fabric, enabling posts to support the fabric from
upstream water pressure.
4. Install posts with the nipples facing away from the silt fabric. •
5. Attach the fabric to each post with three ties, all spaced within the:top 8
inches of the fabric. Attach each tie diagonally 45 degrees through the fabric,
with each puncture at least 1 inch vertically apart. Also, each tie should be
positioned to hang on a post nipple when tightened to prevent sagging. •
6. Wrap approximately 6 inches of fabric around the end posts and secure
with 3 ties.
7. No more than 24 inches of a 36 inch fabric is allowed above ground
. level.
8. The installation should be checked and corrected for any deviations before
compaction.
9. Compaction is vitally important for effective results. Compact the soil
immediately next to the silt fence fabric with the front wheel of the tractor,
• skid steer, or roller exerting at least 60 pounds per square inch. Compact the
upstream side first, and then each side twice for a total of 4 trips.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
6.62.4 .
Rev.•6/06 '

•
•. .
Practice Standards and Specifications.
• .. .
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. .
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• • .
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Wire
fence
• . -
.
Cross-Section
View
• . •
,..1, . . . .. .
. 44 • ,''''':: Filter •
9 • • •
Steel , • fabric .- . o Backfill trench •
gr
post a.4......../
. and compact • • Natural.und . •
. •
• . thoroughly •
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•
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. •• 24" • :•.,• • •• • • . mirt
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- .
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• •
. . • - .
•
' • •
• Figure 6.62a Installation detail of a sediment fence.- • • . •
. . . - . .
• .
. .. .
• .
•
Rev.6/06 . . • • • • ..662 ....5 •
• . . .
. .
. .
. , • • • - .
• .

•
•
6 . .
The Slicing Method '
Ponding height POST SPACING: "
max. 24" 6 Max, on open runs •
•
► 4' max. on pooling areas Top of Fabric —
.il' 4.11:Ir / Belt
Attach fabric to ► •
upstream side of post tap 8"
• FLOW --•- ra.®►
•
1
Drive over each side of silt g POST DEPTH: _
• fence 2 to 4 times with it
device exerting 60 p.s.i.or 2 feet
greater •
•
• Diagonal attachment
compacted soil M compacted soil' doubles strength.
•
/\\\ \\\/\\•
•• "\ \\/\\ \/\\ • _..
/ / / // // //• /// * //////////// ATTACHMEM DETAILS:• /\ j /j •Gather fabric at posts, if needed.// � // / � � �\�\ •Utilize three ties per.post,all within top 8"of fabric. •
\ \ \� / / / / •
/%/� % / \ % %\\ •Positiona mi each
um oftie diagonally,
Wally, puncturing holes vertically � \
•Hang each tie ona post nipple and tighten securely. -• -
No more than 24"of a 36" fabric Use cable ties(501bs)or soft wire.
is allowed above ground. .
Roll of silt fence
.4........ Operation •
.".
Post
0 / / installed
• Ilk
after
��lI compaction
Fabric
; O i
ground above Silt Fence
S •
0 . � /%%%% r \ ,:i,a br1th!\ •rid iii J ;. •
- ,
%.%.� % "
�r,r,
•
Horizontal chisel point , Slicing blade
• ( 3"width ) ( 0.7" width) Completed Installation
' •Vibratory plow is not acceptable.because of horizontal compaction' .
- •9gure 6.62b Schematics for using the slicing method to install a sediment fence. Adapted from Silt Fence that Works •
6.62.6
Rev.6/06

•
•
Practice Standards and Specifications_
.
Maintenance Inspect sediment fences at least once a week and after each rainfall. Make any
required repairs immediately.
Should the fabric of a sediment fence collapse,.tear, decompose or become
• . • ineffective,replace it promptly.
. Remove sediment deposits as necessary.to provide adequate storage volume
for the next rain and to reduce pressure on the fence. Take.care to avoid.
• undermining the fence during cleanout. .
Remove alt fencing materials and unstable sediment deposits.and bring the
• area to grade and stabilize it after the contributing drainage area has been
. • properly stabilized. .
. References ASTM D 6461—99. "Standard Specification for Silt Fence Materials" ASTM •
International. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, •
www.astm.org,or contact ASTM Customer Service.at service@astm:org.For
Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard's
Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
ASTM D 6462—03. "Standard Practice for Silt Fence Installation" ASTM
International. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
www.astm.org,or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]
• • Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard's
• Document Summary page on the ASTM website. •
—
, C. Joel Sprague, PE, Silt Fence Performance Limits and Installation •
Requirements. Sprague and Sprague Consulting Engineers and TRI/
Environmental,Inc. •
• Carpenter Erosion Control.http://www.tommy-sfm.com/
. 'Kentucky Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Field Manual,2004.
Runoff Control Measures '
6.20,Temporary Diversions
Outlet Protection
• 6.41,Outlet Stabilisation Structure
• • . Appendix •
8.03,Estimating Runoff . . •
.
•Rev.6/06 6.62:7.

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Date:9/1/108 Caption:Fox Mine Site,Young-McQueen Grading Company,LLC-
Scale: 1 inch equals 2666 feet Yancey County
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BALD CREEK Location: 035°• 541_50.0" N 082°23'09.9" W
Date:9/1/108 Caption:Fox Mine Site,Young-McQueen Grading Company, Inc-
.
Scale: 1 inch equals 1000 feet Yancey County
Copyright(C)1997,Maptech,Inc.
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•

—R.aSls 4 e.-a51c1
ENT L.
OF • •
United States Department of the Interior '
i• FISH AND WILDL i-h.SERVICE yr
�gRCH � Asheville Field Office RECEIVED
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
• March 14, 2008• •
MAR 24 2005
•
DIVISION Or HIGHWAYS . •
PDEA-0FFlCE OF.NATURAL ENVIRONMENT •
Mr. Dave Baker . •
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers .
151'P atton Avenue,Room 208
Asheville,North Carolina 28801-5006
•
Dear Mr.Baker: .
•
subject: Proposed Widening of US 19 in Madison, Mitchell, and Yancey Counties,North
Carolina, and Its•Effects on the Federally Endangered Appalachian.Elklctoe and Its '
Designated Critical Habitat
This document transmits the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (Service).Biological Opinion
(Opinion)based on our review of the Biological Assessment(BA) of the effects of the subject
highway widening and associated•bridge construction on the'Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta •
raveneliana) and its designated critical habitat in accordance with section 7 of the Endangered
Species Act(Act) of 1973, as amended(16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) (Act).
This Opinion is based on information provided in the August 9, 2007, BA; supplemental
information to the BA(received February 7, 2008); other available literature; personal • •
communications with experts on the federally endangered Appalachian elktoe; and other sources
of information. A complete administrative record of this consultation is on file at our office. . .
•
•
In the BA,the North Carolina Department of Transportation.(NCDOT) determined that the
'following federally listed species*would not be affected by the proposed project: Carolina
northern flying squirrel (Glaucomyr sabrinus coloratus),Virginia big-eared bat(Corynorhinus •
townsendii virginianus),Eastern cougar(Puma concolor couguar),'spruce-fir moss spider '•
(Microhexura montivaga), spreading avens (Geum radiatum), Heller's blazing star(Liatris . •
helleri),Roan Mountain bluet (Hedyotis purpurea var. montana), Blue Ridge goldenrod
(Solidago spithamaea), spotfin chub (Erimonax monachus), gray bat(Myotis grisescens),
Virginia big-eared bat(Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus), and rock gnome lichen '
(Gymnoderma lineare). In addition, the NCDOT determined that the.project.was"not likely to,
1'" •adversely affect"the Indiana bat(Myotis sodalis) or Virginia spiraea(Spiraea'irginiana). We • •
,, voncur with these determinations. Therefore,we believe the requirements under section 7 of the

•
•
Act are fulfilled for these species. However, obligations under section 7 of the Act must be
reconsidered if: (1)new information reveals impacts of this identified action that may.affect
listed species or critical habitat in a manner not previously considered, (2) this action is
subsequently modified in a manner that was not considered in this review, or(3) a new species is
listed or critical habitat is determined that may be affected by the identified action.
CONSULTATION HISTORY
A consultation history of this project is provided in Appendix A.
•
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
I. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION .•
•
As defined in the Service's section 7 regulations(50 CFR 402.02), "action"means"all
activities or programs of any kind authorized, funded, or carried out, in whole or in part,by
federal agencies in the United States or upon the high seas." The action area is defined as
"all areas to be affected directly or indirectly by the federal action and not merely the
immediate area involved in the action." The direct and indirect effects of the actions and
activities must be considered in conjunction with the effects of other past and present •
• federal,state, or private activities, as well as the cumulative effects of reasonably certain
future state or private activities within the action area. This Opinion addresses only those
actions from which the Service believes adverse effects may result. In their BA, the
NCDOT outlined those activities involved in the widening of US 19 that would affect the
Appalachian elktoe and its designated critical habitat; they include the following: adding
lanes of pavement,lengthening existing culverts, adding a bridge over the Cane River, and
replacing a bridge over the South Toe River. This Opinion addresses whether the widening •
of US 19(and associated activities) is likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
Appalachian elktoe or adversely modify.or destroy its designated critical habitat.
The NCDOT proposes to widen existing US 19 and US 19E from I-26 (US 23)in Madison
County east to State Route (SR).1336 in Yancey County(R-2518A and R-2518B)and then •
from SR 1336 in Yancey County to an existing multilane section west ofthe Town of
Spruce Pine in Mitchell County(R-2519A and R-2519B). The proposed project,
combined,will be 29.3 miles.(mi) long,with about 21 mi occurring in the Nolichucky
• •River basin,portions of which are occupied by the Appalachian elktoe. The elktoe has
been found in the vicinity of proposed project crossings of the Cane River and South Toe
•River. The South Toe River crossing occurs within:designated critical habitat for this •
species. The entire area within.R-2518B, R-2519A, and R-2519B and a small portion at
the eastern terminus of R-2518A eventually drain into occupied habitat and into some
reaches of designated critical habitat.for the Appalachian elktoe within the Cane, South
Toe,or North,Toe Rivers.
•
In order to minimize impacts to the natural and human environments, the preferred design
uses a"best fit" combination of symmetric and asymmetric.widening. The typical section
2

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•
consists of a four-lane divided shoulder section with a 17.5-foot raised median on •• • •
• R-2518A, and R-2519A•and a20-foot raised median on the remaining.nonurban areas. The •
urban sections of the road will have a right-of-way width of between 200 and 400 feet (ft),
depending on terrain. The right-of-way through the town of Burnsville will be 150 ft to •
230 ft wide and will consist of a curb-and-gutter section from station 252+00—L-to station
299+76—L-. A total of 169 stream crossings/stream-impact areas were identified in the
preliminary impact summary sheets for projects R-2518A and B, and R-2519A and B. Of
the 169 crossings, 108 occur in the Nolichucky River basin.
As part of this project,the NCDOT has incorporated measures that minimize impacts in the
design of the roadway improvements and new bridge structures. The NCDOT also is
committing to a number of protective measures that will be implemented during
construction of the highway and the bridges and in postconstruction monitoring and
follow-up remediation where necessary. Specific measures addressing stream stability at •
tributary crossings, storm-water runoff controls, and erosion and sediment controls are
described in more detail below.
•
As individual stream crossings are evaluated and designs are determined,the NCDOT will
consider a variety of measures to help ensure stream stability and fish passage at culverted •
stream crossings. Possible measures, alone or in combination, include: .
•
( ` 1. The incorporation of low-flow sills with allow-flow channel in new culvert installations
or retrofitting existing culverts where enough hydraulic conveyance exists. •
•
2. On multiple-barrel culverts, the use of sills at the entrance of one or more barrels to
• maintain normal flow depth through the remaining barrel(s). • • •
3. The construct of a low-flow floodplain bench at the entrance and outlet of the culvert to .
maintain normal channel dimensions where the existing or new culvert is larger than
the stream channel. •
•
4. Burying new culverts below the streambed to allow natural bed material to deposit in
the culvert bottom. On'steeper stream grades,baffles should be placed in the culvert. •
bottom to'aid retention of natural bed material. . •
5. The use of natural rock energy-dissipater basins at pipe outlets to lower velocities. •
•
6. 'The use of rock cross vanes to maintain stream grade, alleviate stream-bank erosion, •
and maintain stream grade control near culvert outlets and/or inlets.
7. The use of riprap on stream banks only at pipe outlets,not in the streambed. '
8. The removal of existing culverts that are perched, replacing them with new culverts that
have low-flow sills and/or low-flow channels. ' . •
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. 3

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9. The removal of existing undersized pipe culverts, replacing them with properly sized
and aligned pipe culverts.
The NCDO.T has documented major stream-crossing designs and measures taken to protect
stream stability and fish passage in Stormwater Management Plans (SMPs) for each section
-of the project. .An Siva) for the R-2519B section will also be prepared and document the
stream-crossing designs and measures taken to protect stream stability and fish passage for
that section of the project. Complete SMPs for R-2518A, R-251.8B, and R-2519A are
located in Appendix C.
The NCDOT will use a number of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to minimize
• •impacts from postconstruction increases ir1 storm-water runoff from the project. These •
BMN include grass swales,preformed scout-holes,hazardous spill basins, dry detention
basins, and grass-lined roadway ditches and shoulders. In the first three sections of this
project,theNCDOT has designed over 32,000 linear feet(lf) of grass swales, 29 preformed
scour holes,,and at least.1 dry•detention basin. These BMPs will cover 14 mi of the total
21-mi project. The remaining 7 mi, when designed,will meet or exceed the standards in
the first three sections. The current BMPs are designed to treat the amount of roadway that
will be drained and are tailored for each segment of the highway. Individual designs can be
found in Appendix C. The storm drainage systems for the project have been designed to •
avoid the direct discharge of storm drainpipes into receiving surface waters. Direct
discharge was minimized to the greatest extent possible; but because of steep terrain,
roadway grades, and urban development(in the Town of Burnsville area),this could not be
done in all cases.
-Grass swales are used extensively on this project. Grass swales are vegetated channels
designed to convey and treat runoff from small drainage areas,reduce flow velocity, and
promote infiltration while removing suspended solids,metals, and nutrients through
sedimentation,vegetative filtration,infiltration, and biological uptake.' The typical •
roadway ditch section along existing US 19 has been enhanced. The ditches for the project
are wider with flatter slopes and provide a 66%increase in vegetated flow length on the
shoulders when compared to existing cross•sections. In addition to grass swales,preformed
scour holes will be used extensively throughout this.project. Preformed scour holes are
riprap-lined depressions constructed.at the.outlet of a point discharge to dissipate energy -
• • and promote diffuse flow.2 . .
•
'Studies have shown that vegetated roadway swales,designed as described previously,are effective in removing . •
pollutants(Wisconsin Department of Transportation[WisDOT]20.07,NCDOT unpublished data). NCDOT
research has shown that a"grassed filter strip removed from 68%and 97%of Total Suspended Solids(TSS)and
grassed shoulders showed a 40%removal of TSS. In a synthesis report prepared by the WisDOT,studies of grass
swales and grassed shoulders from seven state departments of transportation demonstrate reductions in a number of
pollutants other than TSS, including metals. Results varied by type of vegetation,time of year,and distance of
'treatment run available(WisDOT 2007). • .
'Preformed scour holes.reduce the amount of end-of-pipe erosion ly.eliminating unabated scour. By inducing ••
liffuse flow conditions,preformed scour holes promote runoff infiltration and reduce downgrade erosion.
reformed scour holes will be used throughout the length of the project. Many will be used in flat floodplain areas
where the discharge will be allowed to diffuse and infiltrate in the floodplain areas.
. I
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4

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Two hazardous spill basins will be constructed on the R-2518B project at the Cane River
crossing. At least two more will be provided on the R-2519B section of the project at the
South Toe River crossing.
In their SMPs, the NCDOT has documented BMPs that will be used to offset impacts due • •
to postconstruction storm-water runoff for the R-2518A,•R-2518B, and R-2519A sections
of the project (Appendix C). An SMP for R-2519B will be prepared during final design for'
that section of the project and will incorporate the same or greater protections.
•
Where curb-and-gutter was used through the town of Burnsville, an effort was made to. •
discharge the storm drain systems into grass-lined ditches, grass swales, and preformed
scour holes behind the curb-and-gutter before entering into surface waters. Along this •
portion of the project, 1,000 ft of grass swales,eight preformed scour holes, and 550 ft of •
grass-lined ditches have been designed. This information is documented in the SMP for
• project R-2519A.(Appendix C). .
•
In addition to the control measures described previously, the NCDOT has a statewide.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System(NPDES) storm-water permit. This •
permit requires the NCDOT to perform 14 programs to manage storm-water runoff. While •
all programs have provided benefits to the Nolichucky River basin,the following are •
noteworthy: •
.
1. Illicit Discharge and Detection and Elimination Program: The NCDOT facilitates a
web-based system that allows their field staff to report illicit discharges to the
storm-water system. The reports are then forwarded to the North Carolina Division of •
Water Quality(DWQ) for appropriate action. If the discharge is within the NCDOT
right-of-way,the NCDOT will take appropriate action to remove the source.
2. BMPs Retrofits: This program requires the NCDOT to develop structural or
nonstructural BMPs to treat storm-water runoff on existing facilities. This program can •
be used to retrofit existing facilities or address future storm-water runoff concerns.
Although the current project design incorporates storm-water BMPs in the design;the
NCDOT will investigate retrofit opportunities on other existing facilities in the
Nolichucky River basin.
•
3.• BMPs Inspection and Maintenance Program: The NPDES permit requires the NCDOT
to develop an inspection and maintenance program for structural storm-water controls. • •
A program is currently being piloted in NCDOT's.Divisions 3,4, and 5 and will be
implemented across the state in the next few years. The NCDOT Hydraulics Unit and
Division 13 will coordinate to determine whether projects R-2518B and R-2519 can be
included in this pilot program.
4. Research and Program Assessment: The NCDOT performs research on the •
characterization of highway pollutants as well as the•performance of structural •
storm-water controls. This program is currently looking at the effectiveness of
5

storm-water controls in North Carolina. The previously mentioned BMPs Inspection
• and Maintenance pilot program is for maintenance,while the research program
objective would be for quantitative assessment. The NCDOT has an annual research I •
•
cycle where proposals are submitted on an annual basis. The NCDOT plans to propose
further research on the performance of the grass swales along the 19E project. This
• research will be proposed to the NCDOT Research Program in the summer of 2008, •
when the program.annually solicits proposals.
•
Given the length of this project and the sensitivity of the watershed, the NCDOT has
developed specific erosion-control measures for this project that are designed to protect
environmentally sensitive areas. In addition,they are committed to enhanced monitoring
and reporting to achieve the highest level of compliance with standards for sediment and
erosion control for this project. To help ensure accountability, there are a number of
inspections required at specific times (Appendix B). •
•
The NCDOT Erosion and Sediment Control Program requires that all land-disturbing
activities comply with the Sedimentation.Pollution Control Act of 1973 (SPCA).
Inspections will be performed by certified Level I.or II erosion- and sediment-controll •
storm-water professionals to ensure that all erosion- and sediment-control devices are .
installed and maintained according to the approved plan. Inspections will'include weekly
written reports or within 24 hours-of a>0.5-inch(in) rainfall event that will document the •
progress of the project and what items need.attention. All erosion-.and
sediment-control/storm-water BMPs will be installed by a contractor supervised by a
Level I or II certified professional.
•
A certified Level II erosion- and sediment-control/storm-water supervisor will perform
erosion- and sediment-control management for the project.and.will be responsible for •
• coordinating the grading operations, with phasing and implementation of the erosion- and
sediment-control plan. When corrective actions are identified, the'supervisor will
coordinate efforts to resolve issues and coordinate the overall inspection of the project to
ensure that the necessary documentation is being completed and maintained for review by
the regulatory agencies. A contractor's Level II foreman will be present on the project to '
ensure compliance. A certified Level III erosion- and sediment-control/storm-water .
designer will design reclamation plans. The designer will be responsible for ensuring that
the reclamation plans comply with the SPCA and all project permit conditions.
The NCDOT's Division 13.(Division) construction staff will provide secondary oversight
for erosion and sedimentation control on the project.. They will perform routine inspections • .
to see if installation, maintenance,-and project documentation,are occurring as required. •
All inspection documents completed by the Division staff will be maintained on site for .
• review by the regulatory agencies. Division construction inspection staff will hold Level I
or II certification, as applicable. • . .
Roadside Environmental Unit's,Field Operations (REUFO)will provide the third level of
oversight for erosion and sedimentation control on the project. REUFO will perform
F reviews that will document the condition of the project's erosion-and •
•

•
•
•
sediment-control/storm-water compliance and the progress on needed corrective actions.
REUFO will also review revisions to the erosion- and sedimentation-control plan and
provide advice on design modifications. REUFO's reviews will be maintained for on-site
inspection by regulatory agencies or delivered electronically upon request. REUFO
personnel who perform reviews will be certified professionals in erosion and sediment
control and/or certified professionals in storm-water quality.
In the event a.violation to the SPCA occurs,the REUFO will issue an Immediate
Corrective Action that will initiate project suspension. If a violation of a permit condition
occurs,the REUFO staff will issue a Permit•Consultation Needed. The lead engineer and
the Division's environmental officer will be notified, and the appropriate corrective actions
• will be taken. The Division staff may suspend work at any time they deem necessary to
correct an issue, and the Division's environmental officer may review and recommend •
corrective actions in order to comply with permit conditions. The NCDOT will notify the •
Service of any violations to the SPCA.
•
A. Action Area • •
The action area("all areas to be affected directly or indirectly by the federal action and
not merely the immediate area involved in-the action") for the proposed project
includes: (1) the area directly impacted by construction activities,primarily the
( j existing roadway and land immediately adjacent; (2) areas potentially affected by ..
indirect impacts, defined as a 2-mi-wide"potential growth area" on either side of the .. •
existing highway; and(3).proposed conservation areas to help offset impacts to the
Appalachian elktoe and.its designated critical habitat. Within the action area (Figure 1)
there are about 10.2 mi of the main stem of the Cane River, 10.5.mi of the main stem of
• the South Toe River, and 8.7 mi of the main'stem of the North Toe River in Mitchell
and Yancey Counties. Additional streams within the project•area include Middle Fork
Creek,Bald Creek,Price Creek,Pine Swamp Branch, Little Crabtree Creek, and Big
• Crabtree Creek. Middle Fork Creek'flows.to the south•from Bethel to the French•Broad
.River. Bald Creek flows to the north from the top of Ivy Gap to the Cane River. Price . . •
• Creek flows north from Chestnut Mountain to the Cane River. The Cane River flows
north from the Pisgah National Forest, converging with the North Toe River (also
known as the Toe•River downstream of its confluence with the South The River; in this •
Opinion,when we refer to the Toe River,we are speaking of that portion of the North•
Toe River downstream of its confluence with the South Toe River)to form the •
Nolichucky River. Pine Swamp Branch flows to the west from Burnsville and is a
. tributary to the Cane River. Little Crabtree Creek flows to the east from Burnsville and
is a tributary to the South Toe River. Big Crabtree Creek flows north along the.
Yancey/Mitchell County line into the North Toe River. Brushy Creek is'a tributary to •
Big Crabtree Creek.
Physical Characteristics'within the.Action Area-The South Toe flows into the North •
Toe River west of the Town of Spruce Pine. The Toe River then flows northwest and
combines with the Cane River to form the Nolichucky River, a tributary to the.French : .
Broad River. The North Toe River originates in central Avery County, 5 mi northeast
•
•

. - c.,
•
•
` - i • `gti l.11., 3
•
LEGEND !*wfL;: • i The
lF• Calena
• �, 142
Q Towns - RCOWQSubbaalna 71P ";;,lv`y'"`r• r N Group
Highway
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-Major Road • ri 1.04-03.04 r r•R-2516 B ,i}k 1;I V W)o. .. 3•. ' r. ',a.
Rivas • I....I DJ-03-06 R-519A ,st•Y2�ii q 'tpr• SPt
-Main OF03-07 �R-25196 - �`- Dokenrillr
• I_� y t. r *t ;1.i .
1 .r \ I t e1;.• O Date:
-Minor ';,i,,`1,,l, r .;.-" • •
November 2006
Palenbal Growth Impel Area ®Major River Segments _ -- �'?.jj , _ -.
within lne GrowthImpact Area a r.,45a'2'e t '�r4 1`r 1 Scale:
r y,- - tr; '�''."fiyr}r'i^ "SY� • As Shown
'rCyi';' ::rs : '�;:i:" ,�:1. ,.1.',�:i.iriY .:-,9 4.5,',%'j *.!i~.Z.:., Job No.:
.9P4.1�11r `''''Y• : �',i s:r">;;}{}-' 14t1t0%ij...ii h ittklir3;;t • 3157
v.rii t, ?1,14„i .f .tin t^�`, ;?'tf.,..? . ray>ive.
• d1:N,r.,;l:,•1 x:�`�� ';a'f':'!'' '�t'' i-sL iY.ii;';'l'?ti?�iY?'�-Vggq•�tj'Y e r '?:�.1„
,ILiP 3�}h KpFfl Z 1 •i 1 Y 7 i, x iS pi y( +L.Y g? t+A Len Il nl Cane River Led er .
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r *ii Gje{ 7 r t *`''J Sr Sr+ r'S✓= 3 r t,_ er 9t 7.. Title:
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3 o a L r r r z .f x ! Riverw®tlln the ro Died
k""77tf��'''-� {b tyx`4 f rt Y!t� `M1 `,,,,,•134.•t a t' L�ism S tll�yrt r Y a uu*e S Impae4Mea=B.7 inibs
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t � '� ,r ,ran �v1 •_ • ° / Map
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•
•
•
of Newland. From Newland, the river flows west for 4 mi to Minneapolis. The river
generally flows in a southwesterly direction from Minneapolis,through the city of
Spruce Pine in Mitchell County, where it is joined by the South Toe River near Kona.
The Toe River continues to flow northwest along the Mitchell/Yancey County border
through Toecane and Relief until its confluence with the Cane River near Huntdale.
The headwaters of the Cane River arise in Mount Mitchell State Park in Yancey
County. The Cane River flows generally north for 40 mi before joining the Toe River
near Huntdale to form the Nolichucky River.
•
•
The Nolichucky River watershed occupies parts of two physiographic provinces..The
upstream parts of the watershed (upstream from about Dry Creek, at river mile [rm]
87.5) and the higher slopes along the eastern side of the river are in the Blue Ridge
Province. The remainder of the watershed and most of the length of the Nolichucky
River are located in the Valley and Ridge Province. One-third of the watershed is
located in the Blue Ridge Province and is characterized by high, steep ridges with
narrow valleys. The mountains in this part of the watershed rise 1,000 ft to 2,500 ft
above the adjacent lowlands. The western part of the Blue Ridge Province has long and
narrow individual ridges, aligned parallel to the trend of the range and similar to the
more subdued ridges of the Valley and Ridge Province. The main mountain mass
along the Tennessee/North Carolina state line is a tumbled confusion of peaks and
valleys that appear to have no regular pattern.
Land Use—The dominant land use in the action.area is forested/wetland (85%),with
about 13% of the area in pasture/managed herbaceous. Urban area comprises less than
1%of the action area. Both the South Toe and the Cane Rivers originate in Mount
Mitchell State Park, and two-thirds of the Cane River watershed is in the Pisgah
National Forest. A significant portion of land along the alluvial areas of the middle
North Toe,the South Toe, and Toe Rivers is cultivated cropland and pasture (14%),
with a small portion(<1%) in residential/golf course (North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources [NCDENR],DWQ, 2005). Historically, the
,economy of the entire Nolichucky River basin depended on natural resources. The
mining of mica,feldspar,kaolin, or olivine in the Spruce Pine mining district within the
North Toe and South Toe watersheds was the main source of income for the area. •
Feldspar, mica, and kaolin have been extensively mined in this watershed in North
Carolina since the early 1900s (Muncy 1981). Nearly half of the nation's mica is
produced in this region. •
•
Ecological Significance-The Nolichucky River basin supports a number of rare fish
and freshwater mussel species Table 1). The stonecat(Noturus flavus) is found only in •
•
North Carolina,in the Nolichucky and Little Tennessee River watersheds.. The Cane
River contains several rare animals,the most notable of which is almost the entire
North Carolina population of the sharphead darter(Etheostoma acuticeps).
The lower stretches of the North Toe and Nolichucky Rivers provide habitat for the •
olive darter(Percina squamata), logperch(Percina caprodes), and tangerine darter
(Percina aurantiaca), as well as the federally endangered Appalachian elktoe mussel.
9

•
Table 1. Rare Aquatic Species in the North Toe,Toe, and Cane Rivers.
Scientific Name . Common Name North Carolina Federal Status
Status
•
•
Mussels:
Alasmidonta raveneliana Appalachian elktoe Endangered Endangered
Lampsilis fasciola Wavy-rayed lampmussel Special Concern . None
•
Amphibians: • •
• Cryptobranchus Hellbender Special Concern Federal Species of ' •
alleganiensis • Concern
•
Fishes:
Etheostoma acuticeps Sharphead darter . Threatened • Federal Species of
• Concern •
lEtheostoma vulneratum Wounded darter Special Concern Federal Species of
Concern
Percina.squamata Olive darter Special Concern Federal Species of
Concern
QNoturus flavus Stonecat Endangered None
•
•
The wavy-rayed lampmussel(Lampsilis fasciola) and the hellbender (Cryptobranchus
alleganiensis)have been found in the same reaches of the upper Nolichucky River
subbasin where the Appalachian elktoe occurs. The North Carolina Natural Heritage • •
Program(NCNHP) describes the aquatic habitat of the South Toe, a portion of the
North Toe, the Toe, and the Nolichucky River as having`National Significance," and'
the aquatic habitat of the Cane River as;having"Statewide Significance." •' •
Water Quality Assessment and Best Usage Classification - Sedimentation from mining
and agricultural practices in the basin is well-documented(Tennessee Valley Authority
•
[TVA] 1981,Ahlstedt and Rashleigh 1996). Historically, sedimentation and pollution
from mining operations throughout,the Nolichucky River basin (primarily in.the North
Toe watershed) significantly degraded cool-warm water habitats (North Carolina '• -
Wildlife Resources Commission [NCWRC] 2005): However,,the North Carolina
Mining Control Act of 1971 and the Sedimentation and Pollution Control Act of 1973
have helped improve the water quality of this basin(NCDENR 2003,Ahlstedt and _ •
Rashleigh 1996). In 2002, bioassessments,including benthic macroinvertebrate and
fish sampling, in the Nolichucky River basin by the DWQ indicated improving
conditions in the basin(Tables 2 and 3). • 1 •.
•
10

r. •
}
. .
•
Table 2. EPT Scores for Water Bodies Monitored in Nolichucky River Basin for •
Basinwide Assessment.
Water Body County Location 1997 2002
North Toe River Mitchell SR 1321 Good Good •
North Toe River Avery US 19E Good Good •
North Toe River Mitchell SR 1162 Fair Good
North Toe River Yancey SR 1314 • Good Good
Big Crabtree Creek Mitchell US 19E • Excellent Excellent
South Toe River Yancey ' SR 1167 Excellent Excellent
Big Rock Creek Mitchell NC 197 Good Excellent
Jacks Creek Yancey SR 1337 . Fair Fair •
Pigeonroost Creek Mitchell SR 1349/NC 197 Excellent Excellent
Cane River. • Yancey . US 19E Excellent • Excellent • •
Bald Mountain Creek Yancey SR 1408 Good Excellent
Price Creek Yancey SR 1126 • Good/Fair Good
•
Sampling conducted by the DWQ indicates overall water quality is good in the
J). Nolichucky River basin (based on the parameters that are sampled and evaluated by the •
DWQ),but sediment is a growing concern.•Sedimentation has been considered a •
significant problem in the Nolichucky River system for many years. Mining impacts
are widespread, and croplands and development contribute to nonpoint-source
pollution, including pesticides, fertilizers, oil,heavy metals, animal waste, and eroded
sediment,.that is washed from land or paved surfaces when it rains. Habitat in the
North Toe River between Spruce Pine and its confluence with the South Toe River
continues to be degraded, seemingly from discharges and runoff from mining •
• operations and the town of Spruce Pine. Floodplain gravel mining in the upper Cane
• River watershed, both permitted and unpermitted actions,presents a potential threat to
long-term channel stability and habitat quality.
In'2006, the DWQ added two river reaches in the action area to North Carolina's list of
impaired streams (303(d) list). These include a reach of the lower Cane River. • •
(-3.5 rm) and a reach of the North Toe River(-11.3 rm). In addition,in 2008 the .
DWQ added the main stem of the Nolichucky River, throughout its entirety in North
Carolina (-10.0 rm), to the draft 303(d) list. The portions of the Cane, North Toe, and
Nolichucky.Rivers that have been added to the.state's list of impaired streams are all
occupied, designated critical habitat for the Appalachian elktoe. Reasons for listing
include turbidity standard violations for the Cane and Nolichucky Rivers and turbidity
standard violations and impaired biological integrity in the North Toe River. The
nonpoint-source runoff of silt/sediments is identified as the most likely cause of . . .
impairment of these three river reaches. _ •
•
11 •

•
•
Table 3. Tennessee Valley Authority Fish Community Assessment in the Nolichucky
. River Basin.(DWQ 2003).3 .
Water Body County . Location Date Score/Rating
North Toe River Mitchell US 19 1999 • 50/Good
North Toe.River Yancey NC 80. 1997 40/Good •
• • 1999 50/Good
Toe River Avery SR 1314 1997 40/Fair •
1999 56/Good -Excellent
Toe River Mitchell SR 1336 1997 48/Good
.
South Toe River Mitchell NC 80 1997 48/Good
Little Crabtree Yancey US 19E. 1997 44/Fair
Creek • 1999 40/Fair •
Cane Creek Mitchell NC 80 1997 32/Poor " •
• 1999 34/Poor
Big Rock Creek Mitchell NC 197 1997 50/Good •
2000 • 50/Good •
Jacks Creek Yancey SR 1336 2000 • • 40/Fair
Cane River Yancey US 19E 1997 44/Fair
• 2000 50/Good
Cane River • Yancey. US 19W 1997 40/Fair
2000 48/Good
Cane River Yancey US 19W . 1997 46/Fair.- Good ! .
Nolichucky River Mitchell SR 1321 1997 50/Good • •
2002 52/Good
The NCDENR assigns a best usage classification (15A NCAC 02B.0101 GENERAL • •
PROCEDURES) to all the waters of North Carolina. These classifications provide for
a level of water quality protection to ensure that the designated usage of that water • .
body is maintained: The portions of the Toe, Cane, and North Toe Rivers that are
occupied by the Appalachian elktoe have a"Class C, Trout,"usage classification, and
the Nolichucky River from its source to the North Carolina/Tennessee state line has a
usage classification of"Class B." • ' . . .
•
3The Fish Community Assessment assigns an Index of Biotic Integrity(IBI),which is another method of assessing
/water quality. The IBI evaluates species richness and composition,trophic composition,and fish abundance and
condition.
• • 12

•
Point-source Pollution-Point-source pollution is defined as pollutants that enter
surface waters through a pipe, ditch, or other well-defined conveyance. These include
municipal(city and county) and industrial wastewater treatment facilities; small
domestic discharging treatment systems(schools, commercial offices, subdivisions, and
individual residences); and storm-water systems from large urban areas and industrial
sites. The primary substances and compounds associated with point-source discharge . •
include: nutrients; oxygen-demanding wastes; and toxic substances, such as chlorine,
ammonia, and metals. .
Under Section 301 of the Clean Water Act of 1977,the discharge of pollutants into
'surface waters is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency. Section 402 of
the Clean Water Act establishes the NPDES Permitting Program, which delegates
permitting authority to qualifying states. In North Carolina,the DWQ is responsible for
• the permitting and enforcement of the NPDES Program. There were 23.NPDES
permitted discharges in the Nolichucky basin in 2003 (NCDENR 2005), although •
additional discharges have been permitted recently(including a new wastewater
treatment plant[WWTP] discharge into the South Toe River below Highway 19E). •
Most of these discharges are small WWTPs that serve schools or subdivisions,
including the Spruce Pine WWTP,Newland WWTP,and Bakersville WWTP and
multiple mining process discharges, including Unimin Mining Company's four
discharges.
Nonpoint-source Pollution-Nonpoint-source pollution refers to runoff that enters
surface waters through storm water or snowmelt. There are many types of land-use •
activities that are sources'of nonpoint-source pollution,including land development;
construction activity; animal waste disposal;mining, agricultural, and forestry
operations; and impervious surfaces, such as roadways and parking lots. Various
nonpoint-source management programs have been developed by a number of agencies •
to control specific types of nonpoint-source pollution(e.g.,pollution related to forestry,
• pesticide,urban, and construction activities). Each of these management programs
develops BMPs to control the specific type of nonpoint-source pollution.
The SECP applies to construction activities, such as roadway construction, and is •
established and authorized under the SPCA. This act delegates the responsibility for its
administration and enforcement to the NCDENR's Division of Land.Resources (Land •
Quality Section). The SECP requires,prior to construction,the submission and.
approval.of erosion-control plans on all projects disturbing an acre or more. Oa-site
inspections by the Division of Land Resources are conducted to determine compliance
with the plan and to evaluate the effectiveness of the BMPs•that are being used. The
NCDOT;in cooperation with the DWQ,has developed a sedimentation-control
• program for highway projects using BMPs for the protection of surface waters.
Additional erosion-control measures,outlined in Design Standards in Sensitive
Watersheds (NCAC T15A:04B.0124),are implemented by the NCDOT for projects
within WS-I or WS-II water supply watersheds, critical areas,waters designated for
• shellfishing, or any waters designated.by the DWQ as"High Quality Waters." When
crossing an aquatic resource containing a federally listed species,the NCDOT has
•
13 . .

•
committed to implement erosion-control guidelines that go beyond both the standard
BMPs and the Design Standards in Sensitive Watersheds,regardless of the DWQ
classification. These areas are designated as`Environmentally Sensitive Areas"on the
erosion-control plans.
• B. Conservation Measures
Conservation measures represent actions,pledged in the project description,that.the
action agency will implement to minimize the effects of the proposed action and further
the recovery of the species under review. Such measures should be closely related to
the action and should be achievable within the authority of the action agency. The
• beneficial effects of conservation measures are taken into consideration in the.Service's
determination of a jeopardy versus-a nonjeopardy opinion and in the analysis of -
incidental take. However, such measures must minimize impacts to listed species
within the action area in order to be factored into the Service's analyses.
The NCDOT proposes to offset project-related,impacts by implementing a number of
conservation measures..Included in the overall proposal are measures that will help aid
recovery by conserving-or restoring habitat and measures intended to minimize direct •
impacts through project design, construction practices, and monitoring and remediation.
) Habitat Conservation and Restoration • '
•
1. The NCDOT has committed to providing riparian habitat protection in at least five
locations within the Nolichucky basin, to provide a•total of 57.6 acres(ac) and
19,005 if of protection. Sites will be reviewed by the Service before purchase.
2. :The NCDOT is using on-site stream mitigation to offset unavoidable impacts to
existing streams within the project alignment. A total of 29,783 If of on-site •
mitigation has been identified for the entire project. Of the total, 11,299:if is
• identified and planned within the Nolichucky River basin and includes a variety-of •
practices to restore stream pattern, dimension, and profile; correct channel
instability;restore riparian buffers; and preserve stable stream reaches..These sites . . '
will be purchased as part of the NCDOT right-of--way and will be permanently
protected from future development. Stream restoration and buffer preservation in
•the project corridor will help offset project-related impacts and will benefit
downstream resources, including the Appalachian elktoe,by correcting existing
problems in the watershed. Mitigation plans are developed in coordination with the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps),DWQ, and the Service.
.
3. The NCDOT will relocate all native mussels,including the Appalachian elktoe,
from the footprints of the bridge construction projects to an appropriate relocation
site as determined in coordination with the Service and the NCWRC. The S
procedure for relocation will be detailed in a site-specific plan•developed in
cooperation with the Service,-NCWRC, and NCDOT. The relocation procedures
will emphasize relocating freshwater mussels in such a way as to reduce stress and
•
•
14

•
•
minimize the risk of injury while the animals are in transit. If at any time during the .
• . relocation it is determined that these procedures are not meeting the stated
objectives,more stringent methods may be developed, in cooperation with the
NCWRC and the Service, to ensure that the mussels are relocated successflly. The
relocation site(s) will be monitored for the survival of relocated mussels and the
movement of mussels a month after they have been removed from the defined
salvage.areas. The relocation site(s) will then be monitored for recovery,survival
• (of recovered mussels),movement, and growth of the mussels.Once a year for
5 years after.project completion. Annual reports will be provided to the Service and
the NCWRC.
• 4. Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), an aggressive and invasive nonnative plant, •
is colonizing floodplain and stream-bank areas in the Nolichucky River.basin.
Japanese knotweed can quickly form dense thickets that exclude native vegetation •
and greatly alter the natural riparian ecosystem. The NCDOT has identified •
Japanese knotweed within the project limits of R-2518 and R-2519. To minimize
• the potential spread of this species from construction-related activities,the NCDOT
proposes to attempt to suppress the knotweed within their right-of-way at the •
following locations:. R-2518A Mitigation Site 1,R-2518B Mitigation Site 4, .
R-2518B Bridge at Sta. 223+50 (Cane River Bridge), and R-2519B Bridge at
i.- Sta. 121+00 (South Toe River Bridge).
5. The contract(s) for this project will stipulate that any Japanese knotweed material
disturbed through construction activities at the two bridges and at the identified
mitigation sites will be buried within•the project boundaries in fill or waste areas
below the depth of the topsoil. The NCDOT prefers on-site disposal to ensure
proper disposal. Any chemical treatment will be proposed and planned in •
coordination with the Service and the NCDOT. The NCDOT also has initiated a •
research project with North Carolina State University to further investigate.
techniques to control Japanese knotweed. Control tests in the project area will be
coordinated with the Service. .
Design Measures • • . • . •
1. In some road sections, where streams run parallel to the current road alignment and
opportunities to avoid impacts or relocate streams are limited, the NCDOT will •
• construct retaining walls. In these cases, retaining walls replace fill slopes,thereby •
reducing the linear feet of stream that must be culverted and placed under fill. The
NCDOT has avoided impacts to 4,704 if of streams throughout the project,
including 3,5691f of streams in the Nolichucky River basin.. Although these stream
segments do not provide suitable habitat for the Appalachian elktoe, they flow into
a reach of either the South Toe River or North Toe River,both of which are
occupied by the Appalachian elktoe and are designated critical habitat for this
species. Reducing impacts in these streams will minimize potential downstream.
• impacts, such as sedimentation, erosion,and stream-bank instability,.to the
Appalachian elktoe and its designated critical habitat.
•
15

•
• 2. The existing culvert crossing of Bald Creek at Station# 175+60—L-is being
• •replaced with a bridge. This crossing is 0.7 mi from the confluence of Bald Creek
and the Cane River, in a reach of the Cane River that is occupied by the •
Appalachian ellctoe.
•
3. Deck drains will be placed at the ends of the replacement bridges. Storm water will •
be directed into catch basins and will then flow through a vegetated buffer so that •
no drainage will occur over the Cane River or South Toe River. Currently, drainage
from the decks of both the existing structures flows directly into the river. Storm
water coming off the approaching roadways at the bridge locations will be managed
in a similar manner.
4. The design of the Cane River Bridge and the South Toe River Bridge minimized or
eliminated piers in the rivers.
•
5. Bridge,designs at Price's Creek and at Bald Creek will direct deck drainage to a
vegetated buffer and will span the respective Creeks.
Construction Measures
•
1. In addition to relocating all mussels found in the footprint of the impact area,the
NCDOT will conduct final mussel surveys in the project footprints just prior to
construction and will move any additional mussels found to the appropriate
relocation area.
2. For the entire'21-mi-long project within the Nolichucky River basin, the NCDOT
will implement erosion-control measures that exceed the standard BMPs and
incorporate the Design Standards in Sensitive Watersheds [15A NCAC 04B.0124
(b)—(e)],regardless of the DWQ stream classification.
3. The areas adjacent to jurisdictional water bodies in the watersheds of the Cane,
North Toe, and South Toe Rivers will be identified as "Environmentally Sensitive •
Areas"on the Sedimentation and Erosion Control Plans for this project. By
definition, an"Environmentally Sensitive Area"will be identified as a 50-foot
buffer zone on both sides of the stream, measured from the top of the stream bank.
Within the identified 50-foot Environmentally Sensitive Areas,the following shall
apply: •
a. The contractor may perform clearing operations, but not grubbing operations,
until immediately prior to beginning grading operations; • • . .
•
• b. Once grading operations begin,work shall progress in a continuous manner •
until complete; • • •
•
16

•
c. Erosion-control devices shall be installed immediately following the clearing
operation;
.
d. Seeding and mulching shall be performed on the areas disturbed by construction
immediately following final grade establishment; and
e. Seeding and mulching shall be done in stages on cut and fill slopes that are
greater than 20 ft in height, measured along the slope, or greater than 2 ac in
area,whichever is less.
•
4. All sedimentation- and erosion-control measures,throughout the project limits, •
must be cleaned out when half full with sediment to ensure proper function of the •
measures. •
•
5. The contractor will be required to submit a bridge demolition plan to the resident
engineer and the bridge construction engineer for their approval. This plan must be
sealed by a registered North Carolina professional engineer and must use • •
demolition techniques that minimize the amount of debris that will enter the river.
The plan should be reviewed by the Service prior to the approval and initiation of • •
bridge removal.
6. In order to avoid and minimize environmental impacts associated with•this project,
all standard procedures and measures, including the NCDOT's BMPs for
construction and maintenance activities and•TVA's Water Management Standard •
Conditions,will be strictly enforced during the project. Provisions to preclude
contamination by toxic substances during the project will also be strictly enforced.
7. The NCDOT's Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch and the
Service will be invited to the preconstruction conference to discuss with the
contractor the provisions of this Opinion. Prior to construction the contractor will
be required to give notification of the construction initiation date to the Service,
NCWRC, and TVA.
Monitoring. •
1. The NCDOT will monitor fish and benthic macroinvertebrates at nine locations along
the project corridor. These data will help detect differences in the two fauna
communities above and below the project and will provide information on possible
effects on the communities due to project construction. Baseline data have been
gathered and will be compared to data collected after project completion(Table 4).
•
2. A DWQ Assessment Field Data Sheet will be completed at each biological
monitoring site. This assessment tool provides an evaluation of physical
stream-habitat parameters, such as bank stability, substrate embeddedness, sediment
loads, and habitat complexity. These factors are important in determining the overall
•
•
17 •

Table 4. The NCDOT's Fish Community and Benthic
Macroinvertebrate Sample Locations.
•
Project Collection
Stream Location Section Date(s) •
California Creek above US 19 at SR 1608 R-2518A 5/06, 5/07*
• below US 19 at SR 1541 5/06, 5/07*
Bald Creek • near SR 1134 R-2518B • 5/06 •
Price Creek above US 19 at SR 1126 R-2518B 5/06
below US 19 at SR 1454 5/06 •
above and Below US 19E. Not
Bald Creek near SR 1128 R-2518B sampled
yet
Cane River below US 19 R-2518B 5/06
Little Crabtree Creek above and below US 19 at R-2519A 5/06, 5/07*
NC 80 (Micavilie)
Long Branch below US 19 at SR 1424 R-2519B 5/07
• Big Crabtree Creek below US.19 R-2519B 5/06
Brushy Creek above and below US 19 at SR 123 5 R-2519B 5/06
- . .
*A subset of sites was sampled more than once in order to evaluate between year variations
in the fish communities.
•
stability and health of a stream and its ability to support aquatic life. See Appendix D
for data sheets and location maps.
3. The NCDOT will monitor the river channel and banks at the Cane River Bridge and
the South Toe River Bridge sites upstream, at the construction sites, and downstream .
to determine changes in habitat resulting from activities at these sites.- If any
problems with regard to stream stability are detected during the monitoring,the
NCDOT will correct the problems. This monitoring also will help evaluate the
impacts of construction on habitat in the rivers.
4. Stream stability at culvert replacement and extension sites will be monitored.visually •
during construction, through the assessment described previously at the biological
monitoring sites, and at a final field inspection by the NCDOT and agency
representatives before close out of the contract for a particular segment.
•
•
•
18 .

rTh
II. STATUS OF THE SPECIES AND ITS CRITICAL HABITAT
A. Species Description,Life History, and Critical Habitat Description
The Appalachian.elktoe has a thin,but not fragile,kidney-shaped shell, reaching up to
about 4.0 in in length. Juveniles generally have a yellowish-brown periostracum (outer
• shell surface),while the periostracum of the adults is usually dark brown to •
greenish-black in color. Although rays are prominent on some shells,particularly in the
posterior portion of the shell,many individuals have only obscure greenish rays. The
shell nacre(inside shell surface) is shiny; often white to bluish-white, changing to a
salmon,pinkish, or brownish color in the central and beak cavity portions of the shell;
some specimens may be marked with irregular brownish blotches.
The Appalachian elktoe has heen reported from relatively shallow,medium-sized
creeks and rivers with cool, clean,well-oxygenated, moderate-to fast-flowing water.
The species is most often found in riffles,runs, and shallow flowing pools with stable,
relatively silt-free, coarse sand and gravel substrate associated with cobble,boulders,
and/or bedrock(Gordon 1991; Service 1994, 1996,2002). Stability of the substrate
appears to be critical to the Appalachian elktoe, and the species is seldom found in
stream reaches with accumulations of silt or shifting sand, gravel, or cobble(Service •
2002). Individual specimens that have been encountered in these areas are believed to
have been scoured out of upstream areas during periods of heavy rain and have not
been found on subsequent surveys (Service 2002).
Like other freshwater mussels,the Appalachian elktoe feeds by filtering food particles
from the water column. The specific food habits of the species are unknown,but other
freshwater mussels have been documented to feed on detritus(decaying organic
matter), diatoms (various minute algae) and other algae and phytoplankton
(microscopic floating aquatic plants), and zooplankton(microscopic floating aquatic
animals). The reproductive cycle of the Appalachian elktoe is similar to that of other
native freshwater mussels. Males release sperm into the water column, and the sperm
• are then taken in by the females,through their siphons during feeding and respiration.
The females retain the fertilized eggs in their gills until the larvae(glochidia) fully
develop. The mussel glochidia are released into the water and, within a few days,must
attach to the appropriate species of fish,which:they then parasitize for a short time
while they develop into juvenile mussels. They then detach from their fish host and
sink to the stream bottom where they continue to develop,provided they land in a
suitable substrate with the correct water conditions. The banded sculpin(Cottus
carolinae) was identifiedas a host species for glochidia of the Appalachian elktoe at
the time the elktoe was,listed, and the mottled sculpin(C. bairdi)was identified as a
host species soon after the listing (Service 2002). Dr. Jim Layzer(Tennessee
Technological University, unpublished data)has recently identified eight additional
species of fish that.successfully transformed glochidia of the Appalachian elktoe into
juveniles under laboratory condition. These eight species include the wounded darter
(Etheostoma vulneratum),greenfin darter(E. chlorobranchium), greenside darter
(E. blenniodes), river chub (Nocomis micropogon),northern hogsucker(Hypentilum
19

•
nigracans), central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum), longnose dace (Rhinichthys
cataractae), and rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides). The life span and many
other aspects of the Appalachian elktoe's life history are currently unknown.
• Critical habitat was designated for the Appalachian elktoe in 2002 (Service 2002). The
areas designated as critical habitat for the Appalachian elktoe total 144.3 mi of various
segments of rivers in North Carolina and one river in Tennessee. Critical habitat
identifies specific areas that are essential to the conservation of a listed species and that
may require special management considerations or protection. Section 7(a)(2) of the
Act requires that each federal agency shall, in consultation with the Service,ensure that
any action authorized, funded, or carried out by such agency is not likely to jeopardize
the continued existence of an endangered.or threatened species or result in the
destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat.
•
The following constituent elements are part of the critical habitat designation and are
essential to the conservation of the Appalachian elktoe:
1. Permanent, flowing, cool, clean water;
•
2.. Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks; .
3. Pool,riffle, and run sequences within the channel;
4. Stable sand, gravel, cobble, and boulder or bedrock substrates with no more than
low amounts of fine sediment;
5. Moderate to high,stream gradient;
6. Periodic natural flooding; and.
•
7. Fish hosts,with adequate living, foraging, and spawning areas for them.
•
In the Nolichucky River basin, critical habitat is designated for the Appalachian elktoe
in the main•stem of the Nolichucky River, Cane River, Toe River, South Toe River, and
North Toe River.. .
B. Status and Distribution .
The Appalachian elktoe is known only from the mountain streams of western North
Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Although the complete.historical range of the
Appalachian elktoe is unknown, available information suggests that the species once
lived in the majority of the rivers and larger creeks Of the upper Tennessee River
system in North Carolina,with the possible exception of the Hiawassee and Watauga
River systems (the species has not_beenrecorded from either of these river systems). In
Tennessee, the species is known only from its present range in the main stem of the
Nolichucky River. •
• 20

Currently, the Appalachian elktoe has a-fragmented,relict distribution. The species
survives in scattered pockets of suitable habitat in portions of the Little Tennessee •
River system,Pigeon River system,Mills River, and Little River in North Carolina and
the Nolichucky River system in North Carolina and Tennessee. •
Little Tennessee River Subbasin-In the Little Tennessee River system in North
Carolina,populations survive in the reach of the main stem of the Little Tennessee
River, between the city of Franklin and Fontana Reservoir, in Swain and Macon
Counties (McGrath 1999;Service 1994, 1996,2002), and in scattered reaches of the •
main stem of the Tuckasegee River in Jackson and Swain Counties (McGrath 1998;
Tim Savidge,NCDOT,personal communication, 2001; Service 2002), from below the
town of Cullowhee downstream to Bryson City. Monitoring by the NCWRC of the •
Appalachian elktoe population in the Little Tennessee River over the last couple of
years has revealed that the population is experiencing'a significant decline, A single
live individual and one shell were recorded in 2000 from the Cheoah River,below
Santeetlah Lake, in Graham County(Service 2002). Biologists with the NCDOT,
U.S. Forest Service, and the Service have recorded up to 11 live Appalachian elktoe
specimens from the Cheoah River,below the Santeetlah Dam,'during surveys of
portions of the river in 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005..
•
French Broad River Subbasin-In the Pigeon.River system,in North Carolina, a small
population of the Appalachian elktoe occurs in small scattered sites in the West Fork
Pigeon.River and in the main stem of the Pigeon River,above Canton, in Haywood
County(McGrath 1999, Service 2002). The Little River (upper French Broad River
system) population of the species,in Transylvania County,North Carolina(Service
2002), is restricted to small scattered pockets of suitable habitat downstream of Cascade •
Lake. In the Mills River, Henderson County,North Carolina, the Appalachian elktoe
occurs in a short reach of the river, from just above the Highway 280 bridge (Savidge,
Catena Group,personal communication, 2003) to about 1 mi•below the bridge(Jeff
Simmons,NCWRC, personal communication, 2004). In addition,NCWRC biologists
have recently discovered a few individuals of the species at a site in the main stem of
the French Broad River,below the mouth of the Little River(Steve Fraley,NCWRC,
• personal communication, 2005)..
Nolichucky River Subbasin-In the Nolichucky River system, the Appalachian elktoe
survives in scattered areas of suitable habitat in the Toe River, Yancey and Mitchell
Counties,North Carolina(McGrath 1996,_1999; Service 1994, 1996);the.Cane River,
Yancey County,North Carolina(McGrath 1997; Service 1994, 1996); and the main
• stem of the Nolichucky River, Yancey and Mitchell Counties,North Carolina,
extending downstream to the vicinity of Erwin,Unicoi County, Tennessee(Service '
1994, 1996, 2002). A cooperative and comprehensive mussel survey effort was
•undertaken between 2000 and 2003 by the NCWRC, NCDOT,NCNHP, and Service
throughout the upper Nolichucky River system in Yancey,Mitchell, and Avery
Counties,North Carolina. Given that many areas in the Nolichucky River system had
not been surveyed since the 1990s, the primary goal for these surveys was a
21

•
•
reassessment of the Appalachian elktoe's population status. The survey efforts indicate
that suitable habitat within at least 73 mi of stream in the Nolichucky River system is
presently occupied by the Appalachian elktoe, an apparent 15-mi increase from
reported occupied habitat prior to 2000 (Fraley and Simmons 2004). These surveys
also indicate that this population appears to be growing in numbers as well. Sites
where mussels were found during 2000 and 2003 produced higher catch per unit efforts
than the nearest sites sampled prior to 2000(Fraley and Simmons 2004). However,the •
available habitat in the basin is a limiting factor; therefore,the Appalachian elktoe is
not evenly dispersed throughout the 15-mi increase in the basin.
During August and September of 2004, significant flooding from Hurricanes Frances
and Ivan occurred in,the Nolichucky River drainage. The NCWRC surveyed sites in
the Nolichucky River drainage for federally listed and state-listed mussels after the
hurricanes and compared the results to survey results prior to the hurricanes. As stated
previously,based on the results in 2000 and 2003,prior tothe 2004 floods,
Appalachian elktoe populations in the Nolichucky basin were found to be increasing in
• abundance,and expanding their range. The 2004 flooding resulted in stream-bank
erosion and stream-channel scour in several areas in the upper Nolichucky River
system, significantly reducing the species' numbers and distribution at several sites
throughout this river system(Fraley and Simmons 2006). Fraley and Simmons (2006)
reported decreases in numbers of the Appalachian elktoe at nearly all of the sites they
surveyed: They also reported that they failed to detect the Appalachian elktoe in the
Cane and South Toe Rivers at sites that represented the upstream limit of their
distribution prior to the flooding; however,•they noted that only a single individual had
been found at each of these sites during previous surveys and these individuals may
have been lost or may have not been detected during surveys after the flooding.
Currently, the Nolichucky population appears,to be a relatively large (at least in terms •
of spatial distribution) metapopulation that is more or less contiguous,with at least the •
opportunity for some level of gene flow throughout the basin (Fraley and Simmons
2006). 0
•
Extirpated Sites -Historically, the Appalachian•elktoe has been recorded from Tulula
Creek(Tennessee River drainage),the main stem of the French Broad River at •
Asheville, and the Swannanoa River(French Broad River system)(Clarke 1981), but it
has apparently been eliminated (except froth a small section of the main stem of the
French Broad River at the confluence of the Little River) from these streams (Service
1994, 1996). There is also a historical record of the Appalachian elktoe from the North
Fork Holston River in Tennessee (S. S. Haldeman collection); however,this record is
believed to represent a mislabeled locality(Gordon 1991.). If the historical record for
the species in the North Fork Holston River is accurate, the species has apparently been
eliminated from this river as well. •
Available information indicates that several factors have contributed to the decline and
loss of•populations of the Appalachian elktoe and threaten the remaining populations.
These factors include pollutants in wastewater discharges (sewage treatment plants and
C-) industrial discharges); habitat.loss and alteration associated with impoundments,
•
22 !

•
•
channelization, and dredging operations; and the runoff of silt, fertilizers,pesticides,
and other pollutants from land-disturbing activities that were implemented without
adequate measures to control erosion and/or storm water(Service 1994, 1996). •
. • Mussels are known to be sensitive to numerous pollutants, including, but not limited to,
a wide variety of heavy metals,high concentrations of nutrients, ammonia, and • •
chlorine_pollutants commonly found in many domestic and industrial effluents •
(Havlik and Marking 1987). In the early 190Os, Ortmann (1909). noted that the •
disappearance of unionids (mussels) is the first and most reliable indicator of stream .
pollution. Keller and Zam(1991) concluded that mussels are more sensitive to metals
than commonly tested fish and aquatic insects. The life cycle of native mussels makes
• the reproductive stages especially vulnerable to pesticides and other pollutants (Fuller • •
1974, Gardner et al. 1976, Ingram 1957, Stein 1971). Effluent from sewage treatment •
facilities can be a significant source of pollution that can severely affect the diversity • • • •
and abundance of aquatic mollusks. The toxicity of chlorinated sewage effluents to
aquatic life is well-documented (Bellanca and Bailey 1977,Brungs 1976, Goudreau
et al. 1988,Tsai 1975), and mussel glochidia(larvae)rank among the most sensitive
invertebrates in their tolerance of the toxicants present in sewage effluents (Gaudreau
et al. 1988). Goudreau et al. (1988) found that the recovery of mussel populations may
not occur for up to 2 mi below the discharge points of chlorinated sewage effluent.
Land-clearing and-disturbance activities carried out without proper sedimentation and •
storm-water control pose a significant threat to the Appalachian elktoe and other
freshwater mussels. Mussels are sedentary and ate not able to move long distances to •
more suitable areas in response to heavy silt loads. Natural sedimentation resulting
from seasonal storm events probably does not significantly affect mussels,but human •
activities often create excessively heavy silt loads that can have severe effects•on •
.mussels and other aquatic organisms. Siltation has been documented to adversely
affect native freshwater mussels,both directly and indirectly(Aldridge et al. 1987,Ellis
1936, Kat 1982,Marking and Bills 1979): Siltation degrades water and substrate .
quality, limiting the available habitat for freshwater mussels (and their fish hosts), •
• thereby limiting their distribution and potential for the expansion and maintenance of
their populations; irritates and clogs the gills of filter-feeding mussels,resulting in
reduced feeding and respiration; smothers mussels if sufficient accumulation occurs;
and increases the potential exposure of the mussels to other pollutants. Ellis (1936) • •
found that less than 1 in of sediment deposition caused high mortality in most mussel. • •
species. Sediment accumulations that are less than lethal to adults may adversely affect •
or prevent the recruitment of juvenile mussels into the population. Also, sediment
loading in rivers and streams during periods of high discharge is abrasive to mussel •
shells. Erosion of the outer shell allows acids to reach and corrode underlying layers
that are composed primarily of calcium, which dissolves under acid.conditions
(Harman 1974).
•
The effects of impoundments on mussels are also well-documented. For the most part,
lakes do not occur naturally in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee(most of
them are man-made); and the Appalachian elktoe, like the majority of our other native
mussels, fish, and other aquatic species in these areas; is adapted to stream conditions •
•
• 23 .

•
l~� •
(flowing, highly oxygenated water and coarse sand and gravel bottoms). Dams change
the habitat from flowing to still water.-Water depth increases, flow decreases, and silt •
• accumulates on the bottom(Williams et al. 1992), altering the quality and stability of
the remaining stream reaches by affecting water flow regimes, velocities, temperature,
and chemistry. Cold water released from near the bottom of reservoirs lowers the water
temperature downstream, changing downstream reaches from warm- or cool-water ••
streams to cold-water streams, affecting their suitability for many native species that
historically inhabited.these stream reaches(Miller et a1..1984, Layzer et al. 1993). The
effects of impoundments result in_changes in fish communities (fish host species may
be eliminated) (Brimm 1991) and in mussel communities (species requiring clean
gravel and sand substrates•are eliminated) (Bates 1962). In addition, dams result in the •
fragmentation and isolation of populations of species and act as effective barriers to the •
natural upstream and downstream expansion or recruitment of mussel and fish species.-
The information available demonstrates that habitat deterioration resulting from
• • sedimentation and pollution from numerous point and nonpoint sources, when•
combined with the effects of other.factors (including habitat destruction, alteration,and
fragmentation resulting from impoundments, channelization projects, etc.),has played a
significant role in the decline of the Appalachian elktoe. We believe this is particularly
true of the extirpation of the Appalachian elktoe from the Swannanoa River,most of the
French Broad River, and long reaches of the Pigeon, upper Little River, and upper .
Little Tennessee River systems. We believe these factors also have contributed to the
extirpation of the species from parts of the upper Tuckasegee River, Cheoah River, and
Tulula Creek, though the effects of impoundments are believed to have played an even •
more significant role in the loss of the species in the upper reaches of these streams.
•
Immediate threats to the remaining populations of the Appalachian elktoe are
• associated with sedimentation and other.pollutants(i.e., fertilizers,pesticides,heavy •
metals, oil,salts, organic wastes, etc.) from point and nonpoint sources, specifically
from WWTPs. Much of the Nolichucky River in North Carolina contains heavy loads •
of sediment,primarily from past land-disturbing activities within its watershed, and
suitable habitat for the Appalachian elktoe appears to be very limited in this river
system. The species has not been found in the Nolichucky River system in substrates
with accumulations of silt and•shifting sand; it is restricted to small scattered pockets of .:
stable,relatively clean, and gravelly substrates. The same is true of the other surviving
populations.of the species. .
C. Analysis of the Species and Critical Habitat Likely to be Affected
•
Species -During the comprehensive mussel survey efforts mentioned previously, at
least 73 mi of stream in the Nolichucky River system were found to be occupied by the
Appalachian elktoe. Mussels were located immediately•upstream of the Cane River
Bridge on US 19 and in the footprint of the existing bridge over the South Toe on .
US 19. The highest catch per unit effort for the Appalachian elktoe during the.
comprehensive surveys in the basin was 16 per hour(total of 96 individuals); this
occurred at a site in the South Toe River (Fraley and Simmons 2004).
•
24

•
•
' Appalachian elktoe densities vary, depending on the many factors that cause their
distribution pattern to be scattered and difficult to generalize: Based on surveys for the
Appalachian elktoe from other drainages,the number below the substrate surface is.•
highly variable and dependent on the substrate. in general,mussels can be very
difficult to.locate in the substrate,and most mussel,surveys detect only those specimens • •
located at or on the surface of the substrate. It is likely that additional mussels were
present in the survey areas but were overlooked or were not visible on the surface of the •
stream bottom. It is also likely that fewer mussels are currently present at the survey .
sites because of impacts from the.2004 hurricanes. Therefore, accurate estimates of the
total number of Appalachian elktoes that will be impacted(both above and below the fl • •
surface of the stream.bottom) are not possible,but the numbers are likely different from. .•
those recorded during the surveys.
• Critical Habitat—.In the Nolichucky River basin, designated critical habitat(Unit 6)
includes 3.7 mi of the main stem of the North Toe River, Yancey and Mitchell •
Counties,North Carolina, from the confluence with Big Crabtree Creek, downstream to
.the confluence of the South Toe River; 14.1 mi of the main stem of the South Toe
River, Yancey County, North Carolina, from the SR 1152 crossing, downstream to its
confluence with the North Toe River; 21.6 mi of the main stem of the Toe River,
Yancey and Mitchell Counties,North Carolina, from the confluence'of the North Toe •
• River and South Toe River, downstream to the confluence of the Cane River; 16.5 mi
of the main stem of the Cane River, Yancey County, North Carolina, from the SR 1381
crossing,downstream to its confluence with the Toe River; and 13.5 mi of the main •
stem of the Nolichucky River from the confluence of the Toe River and the Cane River
in Yancey and Mitchell Counties,North Carolina, downstream to the US 23/19W
crossing, southwest of Erwin, Unicoi County, Tennessee. •
Given that the Appalachian elktoe occurs within the area of the Cane River Bridge and
the South Toe River Bridge and throughout the area of the highway widening in the
Nolichucky River basin, it follows that the constituent elements necessary for critical
habitat are present within the project area. Following is a brief description of the status
of the constituent elements within the project area:• •• •
1. Permanent, flowing, cool, clean water-There is variation in stream flow within .
• critical habitat; however, there is always permanent flowing water. Based on.the
DWQ's bioassessments of benthic macroinvertebrate and fish sampling,the water.
• appears to be cool and clean enough to sustain a population of the Appalachian
elktoe. '
2. Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks - Overall,the stream channels
and banks are stable in the project area, although there are unstable areas on some
river reaches • •
3. •Pool,riffle, and run sequences within the•channel The Cane River,Toe River, and
. North Toe River have natural pool,riffle, and run sequences,varied by the local. •
25

•
a '
stream gradient and bedrock influence. There is a natural pool, riffle, and run
sequence at the sites of the Cane River Bridge and the South Toe River Bridge and •
over the total project area.
4. Stable sand, gravel, cobble, and boulder or bedrock substrates with no more than' .. •
low amounts of fine sediment-The habitat within the project area at the South Toe,
Bridge site consists of large cobble with some exposed bedrock and small patches
' of gravel and coursesand providing microhabitat for the Appalachian elktoe. The
Cane River crossing has poor habitat, consisting primarily of fine sediments directly
under the bridge. Habitat within the project area for the highway widening is •
patchy, with some areas having more fine sediments than others. •
•
• 5. Moderate to high stream gradient- The Cane River, Toe River, and North Toe
River are characterized as having a high stream gradient. Some portions of these
reaches in the alluvial floodplain have some moderate stream gradient,but nowhere •
can the stream be characterized as having a low gradient. .
6. Periodic natural flooding-Natural peak events occur throughout the Nolichucky
River basin.
•
7. Fish hosts, with adequate living, foraging, and spawning areas for them-Recent
• sampling by the NCWRC and TVA identified fairly diverse fish communities, .
including many of the potential host fishes for the Appalachian elktoe in the Cane
River, Toe River, and North Toe River.
•
•
III. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE
•
Under section 7(a)(2) of the Act,when considering the"effects of the action" on federally •
listed species, we are required to take into consideration the environmental baseline. The
environmental baseline includes past and ongoing natural factors and the past and present •
•impacts of all federal, state, or private actions and other activities in the action area
(50.CFR 402.02),including federal actions in the area that have already undergone
section 7 consultation, and the impacts of state or private actions that are contemporaneous •
with the consultation in process. The environmental baseline forthis Opinion considers all •
projects approved prior to the initiation of formal consultation. . .
A. Status of the Species within the Action Area
•
Surveys occurring between 2000 and 2003 indicated that suitable habitat within at least
73 mi of stream in the Nolichucky River system were occupied by the Appalachian
elktoe; an apparent 15-mi increase from reported occupied habitat prior to 2000 (Fraley
•
and Simmons 2004). These surveys also suggest that the population was growing in
numbers because sites occupied during surveys in 2000 and 2003 produced higher
-catch per unit efforts than the nearest sites sampled prior to 2000 (Fraley and-Sirnnions
2004). The Appalachian elktoe is not evenly dispersed throughout the 73-mi range •
• 26

•
within the basin because contiguous suitable habitat is a limiting factor. The.
NCWRC's sampling efforts after the floods of 2004 indicate that the flooding had a
significant negative impact on the existing population; however,though apparently
fewer in number, elktoe specimens were found throughout most of the occupied range
• known in 2003. • .
In addition to the NCWRC sampling conducted after the flooding, another set of sites
was surveyed in 2005 (TCG 2006) to determine the presence of the Appalachian elktoe
at specific sites where flood recovery work was proposed by the Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS). This set of surveys located elktoe specimens at.a
number of sites in the Cane; North Toe, and South Toe Rivers. Although these surveys
were not as comprehensive as those conducted in 2003, they do indicate that the
Appalachian elktoe was present at a number of specific sites in the year after the
flooding.
The constituent elements necessary for critical habitat are present within the project
area and could be affected by project construction and related activities. The following
• is a list of the constituent elements that may be impacted by the project:
•
1. Permanent, flowing, cool, clean water-There could be increases in the amount of .
fr
sediment and other pollutants that enter the rivers from construction activities and
the demolition of the South Toe River Bridge. There also may be impacts from the
project after construction,including increases in the total discharge and pollutant •
loading from roadway runoff and increases in sediments from destabilized tributary
channels after culvert extension or replacement.
2. Geornorphically stable stream channels and banks—The river channels will be
temporarily impacted during the construction process at the bridge sites.
3. Pool,riffle, and run sequences within the channel—Tributaries that are impacted
from the highway widening may be destabilized and impact the rivers downstream. •
The flow of the rivers could change while the temporary causeways are in place.
4. Stable sand, gravel, cobble, and boulder or bedrock substrates with no more than •
low.amounts of fine sediment—As stated previously,the amount of sediment could
increase during the construction period from the highway widening,bridge
construction and demolition, and culvert extensions or replacements on tributaries.
•
B. Factors Affecting the Species' Environment in the Action Area
Some residential development and agricultural practices have impacted the aquatic
habitat in the action area, particularly the riparian habitat. Because riparian areas have
been cleared of trees and other woody vegetation and rock has been placed on the
•riverbanks,high-water events have resulted in bank erosion and failure at•several areas
in the Nolichucky River basin. The deforested and fragmented riparian buffer also •
reduces the effectiveness of the buffer to filter sediments and chemical pollutants. In
•
• 27

1 it
• addition, Japanese knotweed has invaded riparian areas and essentially eliminated
native deeper-rooted vegetation, creating riparian instability, particularly during high
flows.
Two bridges along the Toe River--B-2081 and B-3089--have been replaced within the
last 10 years. No mussels were discovered within the impact area of these bridges, and
critical habitat was not designated at that time. During August and September of 2004, .
significant flooding occurred.in the Nolichucky River drainage. The NRCS.proposed
the implementation of the Emergency Watershed Protection(EWP)Program to restore -
areas impacted by the flooding. In December 2005, a biological opinion was issued to
• the NRCS for implementation of the EWP:Program. That biological opinion assessed
the direct and indirect impacts to 3,325 if of stream within the Nolichucky River basin
and any additional indirect impacts to•1,312 ft downstream.of each of the 18 individual • -
restoration project "footprints." Other federal actions include two bridge replacements
on the Toe River—B-1443 and B-2848--that are currently under construction. Formal
consultation was-completed for these projects in 2006. The biological opinion assessed
impacts from the construction and demolition of the two bridges and permanent• .
impacts to 89 ft' of river habitat. Mussels were relocated out of the footprint of the two
construction sites, We do nothave information concerning any additional federal
actions ongoing or proposed for the action area at the present time.
N. EFFECTS OF THE ACTION •
•
Under section 7(a)(2) of the Act, "effects of the action"refers to the direct and indirect
effects of an action on the species or critical habitat,together with the effects of other
activities that are interrelated or interdependent with that action. The federal agency is •
responsible for analyzing these effects. The effects of the proposed action are added to the
environmental baseline to determine the future baseline,which serves as the basis for the
determination in this Opinion. Should the effects of the federal action result in.a situation
that would jeopardize the continued existence of the species, we may propose reasonable
and prudent alternatives that the federal-agency can take to avoid a violation of section
7(a)(2). The discussion that follows is our evaluation of the anticipated direct and indirect
effects of the highway widening, the addition of a new bridge over the Cane River, and the •
replacement of the bridge over.the South Toe River.- Indirect effects are those caused by
the proposed action that occur later in time but are still reasonably certain to occur(50 CFR
402.02). •
A. Factors to be Considered
Proximity of the Action- Based on the 2002 mussel survey conducted by the-NCDOT
and subsequent surveys in 2004 and 2005 by the NCWRC and others, Appalachian.
elktoe mussels occur throughout the Cane,North Toe, and South Toe Rivers, •
downstream of the highway widening and in the vicinity of the existing bridges where
construction will occur. Although measures to avoid and minimize impacts to the .
rivers and the Appalachian elktoe are included in the project plans, implementation of• .
•
28. .

•
the bridge projects and the highway widening will result in unavoidable impacts to the •
river habitat-and to individual mussels.
•
Nature of the Effect- Permanent impacts to 108 tributaries from culvert extensions will
occur along the 21 mi of highway widening within the Nolichucky River basin;with •
some impacts likely reaching the main stem of the Toe and Cane Rivers. Additionally, •
• there will be impacts to the continuity of aquatic habitat in the project area from these •
culvert extensions. .
About 50 ft2 of in-stream habitat will be impacted permanently at the Cane River .
crossing by placing one pier at the wetted perimeter of the river. Temporary impacts of •
700 ft2 and 9,600 ft2 will occur at the Cane and South Toe river crossings, respectively:
Suitable in-stream habitat at both construction sites also will be affected for the
duration of the construction and demolition and likely for some period after completion
of the projects. Portions of the habitat may be impacted permanently by the
construction and use of the causeways. A small portion of the riparian area at both sites
may be cleared for equipment access, which could result in temporary increases in
water temperature at each location until reforestation can occur.
Disturbance Duration,Frequency, and Intensity The highway widening will create
disturbance to tributaries and downstream resources that will be ongoing in different
segments of the project for years. With appropriate sediment- and erosion-control
measures, large inputs of sediment should be avoided during construction. After the
project is completed and the roadway opens to traffic, there will be increases in
storm-water runoff volume and pollutants, some of which may reach•areas.occupied by
and designated as critical habitat for the Appalachian elktoe.
Disturbance to the riverbed from bridge construction will occur over a relatively short
period of time from the construction of the bridge piers at the Cane River crossing.
However, the disturbance to the river's flow pattern at the piers will exist throughout
the life of the bridge. The causeways for construction and demolition will be in place
for the length of time needed to construct and demolish the bridges; therefore, the •
disturbance to the riverbed associated with the causeways will be over an extended
period of time. Although there will be direct impacts to the riverbed associated with . •
the causeways, the construction of the causeways will be phased to limit the amount of •
causeway in the river at any one time; and only the causeways needed for an activity
will be in place during that activity and will be removed when the action is completed.
The causeways will be constructed with clean stone and pipes so that the river can flow
through,not just over, the causeways. However, there will be temporary impacts to the
hydrology of the river both upstream arid downstream of the causeways.
B. Analyses of Effects of the Action S
Potential Beneficial Effects -The construction and demolition of the existing bridges •
and the highway widening have negative:impacts but also have some long-term •
beneficial effects,primarily because of the opportunity to change or augment structures
•
•
29 . .

•
•
and designs to correct existing problems and minimize impacts to the environment.
Specifically,the NCDOT has described the following beneficial effects that could
result from these projects:
•
1. Reduction of direct storm-water runoff at bridge locations. Storm water from the
•
existing bridges enters the river directly from the bridge decks. The new bridges
will collect and direct storm water to the ends of the bridges and discharge the deck
drainage into vegetated buffers before entering the river. Storm water coming off
the approaching roadways at the bridge locations will be managed in a similar
manner. The elimination of direct roadway discharge into the Cane and South Toe
Rivers should result in localized improvement of water quality and potentially have
some beneficial'effect on the Appalachian elktoe. Additionally,hazardous spill
catch basins will be constructed at the crossings to further provide protection for.the
rivers from possible future hazardous spills. •
2. Elimination of bents in the main river channel.. The existing crossing of the South
Toe River has three sets of double piers in the river channel-that will be eliminated
with a new spanning structure. The elimination of these piers in the South Toe
River is expected to reduce the bridge's effects on stream-flow patterns at this •
bridge site.
3: Japanese knotweed control. The NCDOT has committed to control Japanese
knotweed at the two bridge construction sites and at other identified locations
throughout the highway-widening project. Soil contaminated with the plant
material will be removed and buried on-site to prevent spread to other areas, and
areas occupied by the plant may be treated with appropriate herbicides.• .
• 4. Replacing the existing culvert over Bald Creek with a bridge: An existing box •
culvert on Bald Creek will be replaced with a bridge. The creek will be able to
follow a more natural valley course and will be able to reestablish access to its
floodplain when it is removed from the current culvert. This will restore •
'connectivity and function in this reach of Bald Creek. •
•
• • 5. On-site stream restoration. The majority of the existing highway follows valley
bottoms, where tributaries to the Cane and Toe Rivers have been moved and
channelized and have little orno riparian.buffer. As described previously in the •
"Conservation Measures" section,the NCDOT identified over 11,000 if of on-site
stream preservation, enhancement, and restoration that will be implemented in the •
Nolichucky River basin (see Appendix E). In addition to meeting regulatory
requirements to mitigate unavoidable-stream impacts, on-site mitigation provides an •
opportunity to improve these tributaries to the Cane and Toe Rivers, thereby
improving water quality and habitat stability in the watershed.
Direct Effects -Actions associated with bridge replacement that may result.in direct
impacts include the installation of causeways for the construction of new structures and . •
the demolition of an existing structure, land clearing for access;potential toxic spills, .
30 I

removal of causeways after construction, and demolition of,the existing bridge structure
• at the South Toe River. Actions associated with highway widening that may result in •
direct impacts include the replacement or lengthening of culverts on tributaries and
increases in impervious surfaces and storm-water runoff along the highway widening.
All of these activities have the potential to kill or injure mussels, either by crushing
them; poisoning them with the release,of some toxic substance; or causing siltation, • • '
. which may suffocate them and/or destroy suitable habitat.or their fish hosts. .These
actions may result in direct harm to individuals or negative changes in currently
suitable habitat. • .. • .
•
The following impacts section is separated into two discussions--(1) the impacts from • •
bridge construction and demolition at the occupied.river sites and (2) the impacts from
the highway widening. • •
BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION AT THE CANE AND SOUTH TOE RIVERS
Substrate.Disturbance and/or Habitat Loss •
The existing bridge on US 19E over the Cane River(Bridge No. 9) will be widened
. during project construction. Widening the bridge involves constructing an adjacent
structure to the north (downstream) of the existing bridge. The piers for the new bridge
line up with the existing piers to reduce scour around the piers from accumulated •
debris. The east interior bent is currently on the bank. For bent construction, a stone
work pad would be necessary but would not be installed in the river. The west interior
bent is approximately 10 ft out in the river. The distance between the bank and the new
west interior bent becomes smaller downstream of the existing bridge. A small
causeway will be needed to construct the west interior bent. Temporary impacts'to the
streambed for this causeway are approximately 500 ft2. A total of four drilled piers
with 4-foot-diameter shafts would be needed for the new adjacent structure. The total
direct impact to the streambed.is 50 ft2 for the four shafts. •
•
The current proposal is to set the new bridge girders in place from the bank. If the
girders cannot be set from the bank,a work bridge.will.be necessary. The streambed
impacts from a work bridge would be temporary. -A conservative estimate of streambed
impact would be 5 ft by 20 ft (100.ft2) per bridge foundation. Two foundations would
be needed for the work bridge. Total streambed impacts for•the work bridge
foundations would be 200 ft2.
The proposed structure will result in 50 ft2 of permanerit.impacts to the streambed as a
result of bent placement in the river. Additionally, 500 ft2 of streambed will be
impacted by a causeway needed to construct the west interior bent, and 200 ft2 of . • .
streambed will be impacted by the work bridge foundations.
The existing US 19E Bridge over the South Toe River(Bridge No. 43)is proposed to
( be replaced with a new dual structure on similar alignment, 40 ft south of the existing
•
31

structure. The US 19E South Toe Bridge preliminary design for R-2519B is proposed •
to span the river with a simple span plate girder bridge with a main span of 170 ft.
Based on current information, a total of five causeways are proposed for construction of
the South Toe River Bridge. Two 40-by 60-foot causeways will be needed for placing •
the temporary bents in the water. Two 30-by 50-foot causeways are recommended for •
placing the girders. One 30-by 60-foot causeway will be needed for removing the •
existing bent. The total temporary impacts would be 9,600$Z, which is a.worst-case
• • scenario. Further details regarding removal of the existing Bridge No.43 will be
developed in coordination with the Corps, NCWRC,DWQ, and Service. It is assumed
in this impact analysis that the bridge will be removed in a manner that will prevent
debris from the bridge from entering the river. •
•
Impacts from Sedimentation •
•
Because of the topography and the erodible nature of the soils in the area adjacent to
the bridge projects (fine loamy soils with moderate erodibility),project construction has
the potential to result in some sedimentation in the Cane and South Toe Rivers.• The
amount of sedimentation will be minimized by the implementation and maintenance of
specific erosion-control measures•for these projects, designed to protect •
environmentally sensitive areas. The placement and removal of causeway stone will
• create some.turbidity from disturbance of the channel bed,but the impacts will be
negligible. The clearing of vegetation on the riverbanks will be minimized, and •
erosion-control measures will remain in place until vegetation is reestablished.
• Impacts from Roadway Runoff
Direct highway ditch discharge will be eliminated at the two new bridges. Discharge •
will be routed through the.spill basins or through a grass-lined ditch prior to reaching
'• the respective rivers. This will reduce roadway runoff into the Cane River.and South
Toe River. The elimination/reduction of runoff to the rivers is expected to result in a
decrease of daily pollutant loads in the receiving water. This may result in localized
improvements to water quality and thus have a beneficial effect on the Appalachian
elktoe or a reduction of the likely adverse effects. Upon completion of the combined •
projects,there will be a reduction in the amount of roadway runoff directly entering the •
Cane River and South Toe River at these respective crossings as a result of storm-water
management and the elimination of direct discharge.
Impacts from Changes in Hydrology
• The temporary causeways proposed at both bridge sites will narrow the channel and
alter hydrology, resulting in localized changes in flow patterns at the respective sites.
The•change in hydrology and any associated scour could result in the,loss or
displacement of mussels. However,the change in hydrology will be temporary; during•
the life of the respective causeways, and the design of the causeways (allowing for flow
through the causeways) should minimize the impacts to hydrology and associated
•
•
32

•
impacts. The NCDOT will monitor the riverbed and stream-bank stability before,
during, and.after construction at both bridge sites. •If any problems with regard to •
stream stability are detected during the monitoring,the NCDOT will correct the
problems.
•
The NCDOT will monitor river conditions at both bridge sites before and after the
construction to document any negative changes to the stream cross section because of
construction. In particular, at the Cane River crossing, if there are negative changes in
river geomorphology related to the new bridge,the NCDOT will take appropriate steps •..
to protect the mussel populations near the bridge. This may include placing other
structures in the water to redirect the flow. The need for any in-stream structures will •• •
be determined through monitoring but may include cross vanes or other appropriate
devices.
Impacts to Fish Hosts .
In addition to the potential changes in hydrology as a result of the causeways, there is
the potential for the causeways to act as velocity barriers to fish movement. The •
• disruption of fish movement could impact the Appalachian elktoe if fish hosts for the
elktoe are unable to move freely in the rivers. These temporary disruptions to fish •
movement may cause some loss in recruitment to upstream or downstream areas for the
time the causeways are in place. The following design factors should reduce the
impacts to fish movement: the causeways will be temporary structures in the river, at
least 50% of the channel will be unrestricted by the causeways at any given time, and •
the causeways are designed to allow for linear flow. Given these design features,the
causeways are not expected to have a significant long-term impact on fish movement or
the life cycle or distribution of the Appalachian elktoe in the Cane or South Toe Rivers.
HIGHWAY WIDENING •
Impacts to Tributaries in the Nolichuckv River Basin • • •
The primary impacts to tributaries will be through culvert extension and/or increasing
diameter and may include stream destabilization and fragmentation of aquatic habitat. •
To accommodate the highway widening, existing tributaries crossed by a culvert will •
have the current culvert extended by adding to the existing structure or the culvert will
be removed and replaced with a new, longer culvert. Some culverts will be replaced •
with structures that also have greater capacity. Culverts will be extended to
approximately triple their current length. For example, if the stream crosses under the
road perpendicular to the road alignment, a culvert will be extended from about 50 ft to
150 ft in length. This accounts for two additional lanes, a grassed median, and paved
shoulders. The additional culvert lengths will be greater in situations where they must
be placed at a skew to the road. These culvert extensions and/or increased diameters •
could significantly impact the stability of the tributaries and cause erosion, increased.
• sediment, and downstream habitat degradation. • •
33

•
Increases in storm-water inputs to tributaries from the road surface and shoulders also
can concentrate and convey chemical pollutants directly into larger streams. With'the
increased amount of paved surface, chemical pollutants (including a variety of metals,
petroleum substances, and winter deicing chemicals) will increase. Concentrations of
metals in stream sediments are positively related to the volume of traffic and
accumulate in proportion to the length of highway drained, suggesting that pollution
will be most severe when large highways are drained by small streams (Wheeler et al. . •
2005). In addition to changes in sediment and chemical loads, smaller tributaries, . • . • •
especially those on steeper gradients,will be fragmented (for some species)by longer
culvert lengths. This aquatic fragmentation can change sediment inputs over time,
isolate aquatic populations, and greatly decrease downstream habitat quality. •
There are 108 tributaries to the Cane, South Toe, and North Toe Rivers.that will be
impacted by this project. The impacts vary in length from a 10-foot tail ditch to a
750-foot-long concrete box culvert. Forty-one percent of the impact area occurs within
1 mi of either the Cane River or the South Toe River,and seventy-seven percent of the
impact area occurs within 3 mi or less of the Cane, South Toe and North Toe Rivers.
•
Cane River -There are 42 stream-impact sites within the Cane River subbasin. Bald
Creek is the major tributary west of the project crossing of the Cane River, and Pine
Swamp Branch is the major tributary on the east side of the project crossing of the •
river. The roadway corridor follows the valley formed by these two streams and
crosses the streams multiple times, including 20 tributaries•to Bald Creek and •
3 tributaries to Pine Swamp Branch. Price Creek, Phipps Creek, and an unnamed
tributary to the Cane River also are crossed. •
•
Of the 42 tributaries crossed, 20 of the impact sites are within•a mile of the Cane River.
The majority of these crossings are small unnamed tributaries to Bald and Price's
Creeks. Given the size of the streams and length of the culvert extensions, it is likely •
that the upstream and downstream portions of these tributaries will be effectively
fragmented from:each other. Thirty-eight of the tributary crossings are 3 mi or less
from the Cane River. The total length of culvert extension impacts to.tributaries within
3 mi of the Carle River is over 5,000 lf. •
•
•
South Toe River-There are 48 tributary impact sites in,the R-2519A and B sections of
• the proposed action that occur within the South Toe River subbasin..Little Crabtree •
Creek is the major tributary to the South Toe River, arising approximately 7.5 mi west
of the South Toe River in Burnsville. Little Crabtree Creek flows through the town of •
• Bumsville. Roadway plans for this urban section are curb-and-gutter, currently .
. designed without storm-water treatment. Of the 48 tributaries impacted by these
sections of the project, 24 sites are.within a mile of the South Toe River. Thirty-six of
• the tributary crossings are 3 mi or less from the South Toe. The total length of culvert.
extension impacts to tributaries within 3 mi of the South Toe is•over 6,200 if..
•
•
North Toe River-The North Toe River is not crossed by the proposed action; however,
a total of 18 stream segments within the North Toe River subbasin will be impacted
•
•
•
34

• 'based on the preliminary design plans for the preferred alternative for this action. Of •
the tributaries affected by the project, three are crossed within 3 mi of the North Toe •
River. There are a number of North Toe tributary crossings affected by the project, but •
they are farther away from the main-stem river because of the existing road position in
the valley. .
•
Of particular concern are theproject's impacts to Big Crabtree Creek and its tributaries.
Big Crabtree Creek is very important to the North Toe River and the Appalachian
. elktoe because of its excellent water quality and relative lack of disturbance from the
headwaters to the North Toe. Big Crabtree Creek is eligible for"Outstanding Resource
Water" designation. This large,high-quality tributary drains a large area and provides
. suitable habitat for the Appalachian elktoe. At its confluence with the North Toe,it is
designated critical habitat for the elktoe. The North.Toe is occupied by the elktoe
upstream and downstream of the confluence with Big Crabtree Creek, and the occupied .
range of the elktoe has expanded in this river reach over the last decade. The
four-barrel box culvert that carries Big Crabtree Creek under US 19 has created
overwidening of the channel upstream and scour downstream of the crossing. .
The majority of these tributaries currently are impacted by the existing highway. The
NCDOT has committed to culvert design and installation that will maintain stream
stability and fish passage and correct existing problems, such as perched culverts and •
barriers to aquatic passage. Even with the careful design and installation of new
culverts and culvert extensions,this project will result in negative impacts to overall
• aquatic function and connectivity in the watershed. . •
•
Impervious Surfaces and Roadway Runoff
•
According to the numbers provided in the BA, the new lanes of highway will create an
additional 88.6 ac of impervious surface area in the Nolichucky.River basin. This is
about 4 ac of additional impervious surface per mile of road widening or roughly the
equivalent of building a WalMart, including the parking area, along every mile of the
roadway project. Without appropriate treatment for chemical•and thermal pollutants
and infiltration areas to absorb the additional volume,this added impervious surface
area will have a negative impact on water qualify and habitat in the Nolichucky River
basin and on the Appalachian elktoe and its habitat. The NCDOT has designed this •
• project with grass swales and other BMPs proven to treat storm water and remove
significant percentages of sediment and other pollutants and provide for the infiltration
and attenuation of runoff. With these measures in place, significant impacts to the
Appalachian elktoe and its critical.habitat are not expected. 0
Direct Impacts - Critical Habitat-There is a projected temporary loss'of habitat from .
construction causeways at the South Toe River crossing that occurs in designated
critical habitat (Unit 6). The 9,600 ft2 of projected temporary impacts likely will be
reduced as final construction and demolition plans are made. The projected temporary
impact is very small compared to the total amount of habitat occurring in the 69.4 mi
•
35

comprising Unit 6. This temporary loss of habitat is not expected to significantly
impact any of the primary constituent elements from the impacted river reach:
•
Project-related erosion and sedimentation coming from the multiple tributary crossings
could potentially impact critical habitat in the Cane, South Toe, and North Toe Rivers.
The potential for this type of impact decreases with increasing distance of the tributary
from the receiving river. Erosion-control standards will be strictly enforced by the
NCDOT to ensure that these potential impacts are minimal. The enforcement of the • •
stringent erosion-control measures proposed for this project will minimize the potential
• for these impacts to Occur. •
•
Indirect Effects -Indirect effects are defined as those that are caused by the proposed
action and are later in time but are still reasonably certain to occur(50 CFR 402.02).
Indirect effects to the Appalachian elktoe may include a•higher potential for toxic •
spills;highway widening effects on tributaries that lead to aquatic fragmentation or •
chronic instability and sedimentation; and changes in land use,induced development,
and urbanization, including increases in impervious surface area in the watershed. •
Potential for Toxic Spills •
The current bridges on US 19 at the Cane and South Toe River crossings discharge
deck drainage directlyinto the rivers and have no hazardous spill basins. The
construction of new bridges at these locations will eliminate the direct discharge of
bridge deck drainage to the Cane and South Toe Rives,.and hazardous spill basins will
be constructed at both crossings. The elimination of direct discharge and the
installation and proper use of hazardous spill basins in these locations will minimize the
possibility of impacts from toxic spills to a level equal to or less than that which occurs
with the current highway. ..
Tributaries
•
The negative effects of culverts on fish passage and stream geomorphology are •
well-documented (Baggett et al. 2001,Moser and Terra 1999, Carey and Wagner 1996,
Formann et al. 2003). As previously described,many of the stream crossings along the •
project alignment are proposed to be extensions of existing structures. Although the
design of the culverts incorporates measures that reduce the potential for impacts,many
of these culverts will still act as barriers to some fish species, and some of the culverts
will negatively impact stream geomorphology. The majority of the tributaries impacted
do not support the Appalachian elktoe because they are too small,have too high a .
gradient, or have other habitat restrictions. However, all of the tributaries are important
to overall aquatic ecosystem function. The smaller tributaries provide habitat for a
number of important species not found in larger rivers and food sources and woody.
debris that support the larger streams and rivers. In addition, changes to the current,
structures in these tributaries can.destabilize the streams,causing bed and bank erosion,
adding'to sediment in the receiving waters or over the longer term and permanently
influencing sedimentation patterns and habitat quality.• Appropriate design and
•
•
36

•
•
commitment to postconstruction monitoring and remediation will minimize future •
problems with stream stability. In addition, existing problems will be identified and
corrected through implementation of the project.
•
Land Use
The 2004 Indirect and Cumulative Effects (ICE) analysis for this project (HNTB North
Carolina 2004) identified a Potential Growth Impact Area(PGIA) of approximately • • ••
2.0 mi on either side of the existing roadway. Accounting for meanders and direction
of flow (running parallel to the road), 10 rm of the Cane River, 6.5 rm of the South Toe
River, and 3.5 rm of the North Toe River occur within the PGIA. The majority of the •
river reaches within the PGIA are occupied by the Appalachian elktoe. Additionally, .
the entire reach of the South Toe River in the PGIA is designated critical habitat, as
- well as 1.25 mi of the North Toe River and 0.25 mi of the Cane River. . -
The proposed project will improve access to future I-26 and I-40 and provide new
construction and expansion opportunities for businesses. Highway-oriented
commercial development is anticipated near the US 19 and future I-26 interchange
(NCDOT 2001.) as well as within or.adjacent to Burnsville and Spruce Pine, where
sewer and water services exist or are planned(NCDOT 2007). Although slight declines
in the permanent population have occurred in the project study areas in recent years,
additional new growth that is likely to occur maybe related to second-home and retiree
development and the associated tourism sectors of the economy as the number of new
home starts has grown in recent years (NCDOT 2007).
Within the•PGIA, areas with"High Potential for Impact" and"Medium Potential for ••
Impact"are identified. The areas with the highest potential for impacts are at the
western terminus of the project with I-26 in Madison County,within the Town of
Burnsville, and at the eastern terminus of the US 19E widening in Spruce Pine. The
2007 ICE likewise recognized the western terminus of the project and the cities of
Burnsville and Spruce Pine as having the highest potential for induced growth because
these areas have, or are proposed to have, sewer and water service infrastructure.
Development within unincorporated areas outside of these three identified areas is •
expected to continue at historic rates and patterns due to constraints associated with the
lack of sewer and water services, steep topography, and other natural constraints . •
(NCDOT 2007). .
Yancey County experienced a 15.3%population growth from 1990 to 2000, compared
to 3.2% from 1980 to 1990. Mitchell County experienced lower growth rates between
these decades--0.1% from 1980 to 1990 to 8.6%from 1990 to 2000. The 16.2% growth
. rate of the demographic area studied in the 2004 ICE for this project is higher than the
overall growth rates of the respective counties, suggesting that development patterns in
these counties is largely occurring along the US 19/US 19E corridor. However, these ••
growth rates are still less than the 21.4% statewide increase during.the period from
1990 to 2000 (HNTB North Carolina.2004).
•
37

•
The difference in growth rate of Yancey County as compared to that of North Carolina
. appears to be due.in part to distance from interstate highways and large metropolitan
. areas,the shortage of easily developable lands in the Appalachian region, and limited
•
water and sewer services. However, development pressures do exist within this region.
Tourism, an increasingly important part of the local economy,is assisting the market
for second-home development. Regionally,the proposed improvements to US 19E, in
combination with other area projects,will strengthen the link between the Asheville and •
•
Boone areas and will make the area more accessible to a greater number of tourists, • •
enhance truck access to.I-26 and I-40, and shorten the commute to metropolitan •
Asheville(NCDOT 2001). .
•
Yancey County and the Town of Burnsville adopted a Land Development Plan•in 2001. •
It directs intensive urban development away from environmentally sensitive areas and
promotes cluster development adjacent to US 19/19E, where sewer and water services • -
currently exist or are proposed and some development already exists(NCDOT 2007).
Yancey County does not have a zoning ordinance but does implement a watershed •
water supply protection ordinance through its building permits and inspections office
(NCDOT 2007). Despite the fact that a zoning ordinance is in place, local officials in
Burnsville indicate that special permits and variances are commonly requested and
granted(HNTB North Carolina 2004). There are no formal land-use plans in place for
Mitchell County or the Town of Spruce Pine; however, Spruce Pine does have a zoning
ordinance enforced by the Mitchell County Department of Inspections (NCDOT 2007). ••
•
Although existing land-use plans and zoning ordinances tend to discourage strip .
commercial development along the corridor (NCDOT 2007), some tourist-oriented
businesses,which provide goods and services for through travelers,would likely locate
along US 19E. The improved corridor would create better access and volume of
business in addition to having water and sewer services available or proposed. This •
could result in linear sprawl,with its associated congestion and safety concerns. The
use of medians with the proposed improvement should minimize this possibility
(NCDOT 2001). • .
Recent development trends in Yancey County indicate that upscale residential
communities of second homes and small-scale commercial uses (HNTB North Carolina
2004) are becoming more prevalent(NCDOT 2007). Additionally,the improved •
roadway may make commuting to areas outside the demographic area more attractive, .
bringing new permanent residents to the area. This effect diminishes from west to east
as the distance from Asheville, the regions largest employment center,increases
(NCDOT 2007). The amount of induced.development will vary along the corridor but
will most likely be greatest within areas that are currently, or proposed to be, serviced
by water and sewer. .
Substantial industrial development is not considered likely due to the steep topography
of the area. Local officials;however,have stated that there are some available
industrial sites and that"the communities have a desire to grow the manufacturing
employment base" and are hopeful that the improved accessibility provided by the
•
•
38

•
widened roadway will encourage future development to locate in the area(HNTB
• North Carolina 2004). There are no known plans for any redevelopment of the closed
industrial and manufacturing facilities or new plants for future manufacturing.(NCDOT
2007).
Impacts from changes in land use can result in adverse impacts to the Appalachian
elktoe and its designated critical habitat. The most likely induced land-use impact is •
small-scale residential community and commercial developments. Development •
activities can result in various adverse impacts to water quality, such as •
• sedimentation/erosion while the sites are being developed, increased storm-water•
impacts from an overall increase in impervious surface area, and the potential for
• increases in point-source and nonpoint-source pollution as the population expands and"
the watershed is developed. Future residential developments and future businesses may • •
propose new sites for wastewater discharge or tap into existing facilities, all of which
would result in an increase in the amount of wastewater discharge into the watershed.
The land suitability development potential within the identified ICE study area was
analyzed under: (1) existing conditions; (2) a No-Build scenario (R-2518/R-2519);•
(3) a Future-Build 1 scenario (R-2518/R-2519), along with water and sewer
infrastructure improvements; and(4) a Future-Build 2 scenario (R-2518/R-2519),with .
a higher-weighting factor for the proposed roadway improvements. The results of this •
model indicate-that the potential for induced development in the ICE studyarea is
primarily due to the expansion of water and sewer services, and the overall projected
• growth with the project build is only slightly higher than under a No-Build scenario
(NCDOT 2007).
Impervious Surface Area • 0
Impervious surface areas can result in adverse effects to water quality. Multiple studies
have demonstrated that water quality and stream ecosystem'degradation begins to occur .
when impervious surface area in a watershed begins to increase. The NCWRC
recommendation for the management of protected aquatic species watersheds is to limit
imperviousness to 6%of the watershed(NCWRC 2002).
•
Future development and associated future improvements in the respective watersheds •
within the project action area will result in an increase in impervious surface area in.the
form of rooftops, driveways,parking lots, etc. Land-development trends indicate that
there was little change in the level of imperviousness, modeled at 5.1%, within the ICE •
study area from 1986 to 2001 (NCDOT 2007). .
Further examination, using the 2001 land cover data of the three subbasins of concern
to the Appalachian elktoe, was conducted by Earth Tech(Earth Tech 2007), The Earth
Tech data are described, by subbasin, as follows: . . 0 . . .
' "The North Toe River has 5.5 percent imperviousness. The-North Toe
•subbasin contains 16,810 acres, of which 918 were impervious surface
•
39

•
•
•
acres. In order for the subbasin to reach six percent imperviousness an • •
• additional 91 acres of impervious surface would need to be built. •
Because of the coefficient or multiplier,this would be equivalent to
676 acres of low intensity residential, 311 acres of high intensity
residential, or 186 acres of commercial/industrial land uses, or some
• combination thereof. The development of 676 acres of low intensity
residential would represent a 41 percent increase over 2001 development
levels. Likewise the 311 acres of high intensity residential would be a . •
93 percent increase and the 186 acres represents a 144 percent increase •
in commercial/industrial land uses. •
• "The South Toe subbasin contains 17,708 acres, of which 929 were
• calculated to be impervious surface acres(5.2 percent imperviousness).
In order for the subbasin to reach six percent imperviousness an •
additional 134 acres of impervious surface would need to be built or the
equivalent of 998 acres of low.intensity residential,459 acres of high
• intensity residential, or 275 acres of commercial/industrial land uses.
The development of 998 acres of low intensity residential would
represent a 53 percent increase over 2001 development levels. The .
459 acres of high intensity residential would be a 180 percent increase •
and the 275 acres represents a 333 percent increase in
commercial/industrial land uses. • •
"The Cane River subbasin contains 24,943 acres, of which 1,235 were
impervious surface acres (4.9 percent imperviousness). In order for the
subbasin to reach six percent imperviousness, an additional 263 acres of
impervious surface would need to be built or the equivalent of 1,959 •
acres of low intensity residential, 902 acres of high intensity residential,
or•53.9 acres of commercial/industrial land uses. The development of
1,959 acres of low intensity residential would represent a 91 percent•
increase over 2001 development levels. The 902 acres of high intensity
residential would be a 435 percent increase•and the 539 acres represents
a 726 percent increase in commercial/industrial land uses." •
• Based on this analysis, there will be changes in land use and a gradual increase in
impervious surface area in the Nolichucky River basin over time. Growth is predicted •
to be in the areas already serviced by sewer and water; and while this project will
induce some development, the contribution of the project is "slight" compared to the
expansion of sewer and water services. Linear sprawl will be controlled somewhat by
the use of medians along the corridor. Increases in impervious surface area in the
watershed will occur, but the rate is expected to remain gradual. . . .
Indirect Impacts - Critical Habitat-Indirect impacts to critical habitat for the
Appalachian elktoe (Unit 6)resulting from the proposed action include possible water
quality degradation from induced changes in land.use in the form of residential and,to
a lesser extent, commercial and industrial development projects induced by this project. •
• 40 .

•
These water quality impacts may compromise the primary constituent element of
"clean"water in localized areas within the Unit 6 but are not expected to be •
widespread.
The other primary constituent elements of the designated critical habitat within the
action areas, including stable streams and the presence of fish host species, are not
expected to be significantly compromised by any.indirect impacts associated with the •
proposed project. The construction of the Cane River and South Toe River crossings is
not expected to result in significant channel instability or habitat degradation over time.
The careful design and installation of the various culvert and pipe crossings on
tributaries will minimize the potential for channel instability,which could ultimately
affect critical habitat downstream of the respective crossings in the Cane, South Toe,
and North Toe Rivers. Monitoring and remediation at these sites will further reduce the
likelihood of impacts to critical habitat. Likely fish host species for the Appalachian
elktoe will not be eliminated from the action area as a result of proj ect-related indirect •
impacts.
•
V. CUMULATIVE EFFECTS
Action Area. .
•
•
•
Cumulative effects include the combined effects of any future state,local, or private actions
• that are reasonably certain to occur within the action area covered in this Opinion. Future
federal actions that are unrelated to the proposed action are not considered in this section •
•because they require separate consultation pursuant to section 7 of the Act. •
We are aware of several potential private actions that may occur and produce significant
cumulative impacts. A proposed 40-unit affordable housing development is proposed on
• the north side of US 19E in Burnsville,near Mountain Heritage High School and near the
confluence of the South and North Toe Rivers. In Mitchell County,just north of.Spruce
Pine, 2,000 to 5,000 ac within the North Toe River drainage area(owned by.Penland •
Bailey Corporation)was sold for development but is currently on hold. A local watershed
advocacy group is recommending the conservation of forested riparian buffers in this area,
but at this time there has been no commitment to provide the buffers. A golf course •
development(planned to be patterned after the Mountain Air Country Club in Yancey
County)is proposed near Altapass in.Mitchell County,within the North Toe River
watershed. A 1 00-ac development is being planned near Huntdale,in Yancey and Mitchell
Counties, with over 13,000 If of the Cane River and over 2,000 If of the Toe River
occurring within the property boundary.
•
Although these various actions have been discussed or proposed,it is uncertain if they will
be developed or if they will need a federal permit or federal monies to construct them.
Therefore, we will not address these developments further in this Opinion. We are not
aware of other future state, local, or private actions that are reasonably certain to occur
within the.action area that would not be subject to section 7 review. Therefore, cumulative
•
41

effects, as defined by the Act, will not occur and will not be addressed further in this
Opinion. •
Cumulative Impacts of Incidental Take Anticipated by the Service in Previously Issued
Biological Opinions
In reaching a decision as to whether the implementation of activities outlined in the BA are
likely or are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the Appalachian elktoe,we
• must factor into our analysis previous biological opinions issued involving the•species, •
especially those opinions where the Service quantified incidental take as the area of habitat. •
disturbed instead of the number.of individual mussels. There have been five biological
opinions for the Appalachian elktoe. In May of 2005 we issued a biological opinion to the
Corps on the effect of their permit on the Appalachian elktoe for a sewer line crossing .
along the Mills River. The amount of incidental take was limited to the disturbance of
habitat 20 ft in width at the construction corridor and 100 ft downstream and upstream of
the construction corridor. The three other biological opinions were rendered to the NRCS
in 2005 for the implementation of the EWP Program in the Nolichucky,Pigeon, and Mills
River subbasins. These biological opinions limited the amount of incidental take to all
Appalachian elktoes within at least 3,325 if of stream within the Nolichucky, Pigeon, and
Mills River subbasins and any additional indirect impacts to the Appalachian elktoe
1,312 ft downstream of each of the 40 individual restoration project"footprints." In.July
2006 we issued a biological opinion for two bridge replacements over the Toe River.
Incidental take was limited to permanent habitat impacts of 89 ft2 for both of those projects.
•
Cumulative Impacts - Critical Habitat
The proposed actions will directly and indirectly result in some adverse impacts to
designated critical habitat for the Appalachian elktoe. However,these impacts will not
appreciably,diminish the value of the designated critical habitat. Future land-use impacts.
and infrastructure projects, combined with the project-related actions described above,have
the potential to impact the"clean water".constituent element of critical habitat for the
Appalachian elktoe (Unit 6)to the point where conservation values are compromised in• •
localized areas. These localized areas are expected to be small and will not extend into the
majority of the areas contained within Unit 6. .
•
VI. CONCLUSION •
After reviewing the current status of the Appalachian elktoe; the environmental baseline for
the action area; the effects of bridge construction, demolition, and highway widening;
. measures identified in the NCDOT's BA to help minimize the potential impacts of the
proposed project and assist in the protection, management, and recovery of the species;
previously issued Service nonjeopardy biological opinions that allow various levels of
incidental take; any potential interrelated and interdependent'actions associated with the.
proposed.action; and any potential cumulative effects,it is the Service's biological opinion
that implementing this project is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
42 •

r •
Appalachian elktoe nor will adverse impacts to critical habitat be significant enough to
destroy or adversely modify designated critical habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE STATEMENT •
Section 9 of the Act and federal regulations pursuant to section 4(d) of the Act prohibit the
taking of endangered and threatened species, respectively,without special exemption.
Take is defined as to harass, harm,pursue, hunt, shoot, wound,kill, trap, capture, or collect,
or attempt to engage in any such conduct. Harm is further defined by the Service to •
include significant habitat modification or,degradation that results in death or injury to
listed species by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, such as breeding,
feeding, or sheltering. Harass is defined by the Service as intentional or negligent actions
that create the likelihood of injury to listed species to such an extent as to significantly
disrupt normal behavior patterns that include,but are not limited to, breeding, feeding, or •
sheltering. Incidental take is defined as.take that is incidental to, and not for the purpose •
of,the carrying out of an otherwise lawful activity. Under the terms of section 7(b)(4) and
section 7(o)(2), taking that is incidental to and not intended as part of the agency action is
not considered to be prohibited under the Act,provided that such taking is in compliance
with the terms and conditions of this incidental take statement.
Amount of Take Anticipated
The Service anticipates that incidental take of the Appalachian elktoe may occur as a result
• . of the'construction of the bridges at the Cane and South Toe Rivers. During construction,
individual mussels may be crushed,harmed by siltation or other water quality degradation,
or dislocated because of physical changes in their habitat.
There will be a combined permanent loss of 50.0 ft2 of stream habitat at the two bridge •
project sites. There will also be a combined temporary loss of stream habitat from the
construction/demolition causeways of 10,300 ft2. Downstream impacts (sedimentation), if .
any, are expected to occur within 1,300 ft of the construction sites. Because there are no
reliable data on the number Of Appalachian elktoes buried in the substrate compared to
those on the surface(and even those on the surface are difficult to detect), it is not possible
_to base the amount of incidental take on numbers of individual mussels. Rather, the
amount•of incidental,take will be exceeded if the project"footprint" exceeds 700 ft2 at the
Cane River crossing and 9,600 ft2 at the South Toe River crossing or downstream impacts
are occurring more than 1,300 ft downstream from the "footprint"of each project. 'If•
incidental take is exceeded, all work should stop, and the Service should be contacted
immediately. •
EFFECT OF THE TAKE •
In this Opinion the Service has determined that this level of take is not likely to result in
jeopardy to the Appalachian elktoe or destruction or adverse modification of its critical
habitat •
•
• • 43 .

•
In addition to the subsequent measures listed in the"Reasonable and Prudent Measures" • •
and"Terms and Conditions" sections of this Opinion,.the measures listed in the •
"Conservation Measures" section of this opinion must be implemented. The conservation
measures are proj ect minimization measures for the construction of the projects that were
described by the NCDOT in the BA. The conservation measures include,but are not
limited to, the following: • • • •
•
1. The NCDOT will provide, or contract with biologists who have experience in mussel •
relocation techniques, for the removal of Appalachian elktoe mussels from theimpact •
sites at the Cane and South Toe River bridge crossings and relocate their to approved
relocation sites. Detailed procedures will be developed in coordination with the Service •
and will be approved by the Service. Procedures will include appropriate collection
methods; tagging and recapture;handling and transportation of individuals; and •
monitoring protocols,which includes the monitoring of the relocation sites for
recovery, survival.(of recovered mussels),movement, and growth of mussels for a
period of 5 years.
2. In coordination with the Service, the NCDOT will develop plans for monitoring the
river channel and banks at upstream sites, at the bridge construction sites, and
downstream to determine changes in habitat resulting from activities at these sites. If •
any problems with regard to stream stability are detected during the monitoring, the
NCDOT will, in cooperation with the Service, develop a plan to address the problems.
•
3. As committed to b.y the NCDOT in the BA, the NCDOT will protect and/or restore
riparian buffers for 19,000 if of stream within the action area. Given that the
. conservation areas have not been determined or obtained by the NCDOT at the time of
the issuance of this Opinion, the Service will continue to review sites that the NCDOT
is considering and approve sites that are ultimately acquired. •
4. To minimize the potential spread of Japanese knotweed from construction-related
activities, the NCDOT has identified Japanese knotweed within the project limits of •
R-2518 and R-2519. The NCDOT proposes to•attempt to suppress Japanese knotweed
within their right-of-way,via mechanical means, at the following locations: R-2518A
•• Mitigation Site 1,R-2518B Mitigation Site 4, R-2518B Bridge at Sta:223+50 (Cane .
River Bridge), and R-2519B Bridge at Sta. 121+00 (South Toe River Bridge).
Application of a glyphosate herbicide will require further planning and consultation •
with the Service.
Reasonable and Prudent Measures. •
The Service believes the following reasonable and prudent measures are necessary and
appropriate to minimize take of the Appalachian elktoe. These nondiscretionary measures
include,but are not limited to,the commitments in the BA addendum and the terms and
conditions outlined in this Opinion. . . ••
••
44

1. This multiphase project will receive one Clean Water Act Section 404 permit from the •
Corps' Wilmington District. Individual sections of the highway project will be •
reviewed as impact numbers are refined, and the NCDOT will request a permit
modification before proceeding with work on a new section. The Corps will coordinate
with the Service to review permit modifications and monitoring results to determine if
the project is meeting the terms and conditions set forth in this Opinion.
2. The NCDOT will ensure that contractors understand and follow the measures listed in •
the"Conservation Measures,""Reasonable and Prudent Measures," and "Terms and
Conditions" sections of this Opinion.
•
3. The NCDOT will send copies of all monitoring reports to the Service's Asheville Field
Office at specified times over the life of the project.
4. The NCDOT will notify.the Service and the Corps immediately if monitoring reveals
any significant problems so that remediation can occur as quickly as possible.
•
5. New or extended culverts on tributaries will be constructed in a manner that will not
contribute to channel instability and downstream habitat changes.
•
6. The NCDOT will employ construction methods and mitigation actions that will • .
minimize/prevent the spread of Japanese knotweed. •
7. The NCDOT will minimize aquatic habitat fragmentation in the Nolichucky River
• basin by replacing perched culverts or other aquatic passage barriers and, where • •
possible, enhancing aquatic life passage and stream habitat.
8. Containment systems will be developed for particular stages of the demolition and
construction.of the bridges in order to minimize impacts to the Appalachian elktoe and
its habitat.
9. Bridge demolition activities and the relocation of mussels will be conducted during
time periods that will result in fewer impacts to the Appalachian elktoe. • •
10.During the relocation of mussels,the Service may alter, if needed,methods and plans • • •
for moving the mussels. .
•
•
•11. All appropriate NCDOT BMPs for erosion control; storm-water management; and
bridge maintenance, construction, and demolition will be followed or exceeded for the
project, and any additional BMPs listed in the "Terms and Conditions" section of this
Opinion will be followed.
Terms and Conditions • • • •
In order to be exempt from the prohibitions of section 9 of the Act, the NCDOT must
comply with the following`terms and conditions, which implement the reasonable and
•
45

(
prudent measures described previously and outline required reporting and/or monitoring •
requirements. These terms.and conditions are nondiscretionary and apply to the Toe and
Cane Rivers and their affected tributaries. • .
1. The Corps will notify the Service of requests for permit modifications from the • '
NCDOT and, if necessary, have a meeting to review the changes and status of the
project before issuing the modified permit.
2. A Service biologist will be present at the preconstruction meeting(s) to cover permit
conditions and discuss any questions the contractor has regarding implementation of the
project. After the contractor submits plans for various stages of the project, a Service
• biologist will review and provide comments on the plans and will attend any meetings
to•discuss implementation of the plans. •
3. The NCDOT will use special provisions that exceed the standard BMPs for erosion
control. These erosion-control measures incorporate the Design Standards in Sensitive
Watersheds (15A NCAC 04B.0124(b)-(e)). .
• 4. The NCDOT will provide three levels of oversight for the control of erosion and'
sediment on the project.
5. The NCDOT will perform compliance inspections of the-erosion-control devices
. weekly or within 24 hours of a>0.5-in rainfall event during construction of the project.
6. The NCDOT will submit a proposal through their internal research group to study the
effectiveness of storm-water-treatment and-control measures specific to this project. •
7. During construction, culvert inlets and outlets will be evaluated by the engineer with
regard to stream stability immediately following installation and quarterly for a period
of 1 year at each location. Indicators of instability, such as headcutting, scour,
aggradation, or degradation,will be used to determine the need for any corrective
actions.
8. A final field inspection will be held with the contractor to evaluate culvert placement
• and stream stability before the project is considered complete. If instability is detected •
during any of these reviews, corrective actions will be performed when deemed
necessary by the engineer or by the conditions of any federal and state permits required
by Section 404/401 of the Clean Water Act. • 0
9. In order to:minimize effects to the Appalachian elktoe and it designated critical habitat,
the NCDOT will replace the four-barrel box culvert at the crossing of US 19 and Big
Crabtree Creek with a bridge. Replacing this culvert with a bridge will reduce aquatic
fragmentation, correct downstream scour and upstream overwidening,reestablish a
connection to the floodplain in this reach, and restore habitat in this important tributary
to the North Toe. •
•
46

•
10.The NCDOT will conduct the benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring proposed in the
• "Conservation Measures" section to provide a habitat assessment, including.(but not •
limited to)parameters such as existing habitat structure and sediment load at each of
the nine sites.
Measures Specific to Bridge Construction •
1. The NCDOT will ensure that a qualified aquatic biologist is present at critical times to
monitor certain phases of construction, including,but not limited to;initial clearing for
construction, when the causeways are installed, when demolition begins, and when the
causeways are removed. This individual will be present to ensure that the procedures
• listed in the"Conservation Measures,""Reasonable and Prudent Measures," and
"Terms and Conditions" sections of this Opinion are being implemented and that all
project plans are being implemented in a manner to ensure that the conditions of the
Opinion are met. •
2. A containment system will be developed and installed•prior to the removal of the bridge
deck and piers. The system should be of sufficient strength to capture material-that
•may enter the river.
3. When constructing drilled shafts, a containment system will be developed so that
• material does not enter the river. Any material by-product will be pumped out of the •
•
shaft to an upland disposal area and treated through a proper stilling basin or silt bag.
4.. The NCDOT will not relocate mussels between May.1 and June 30,the time at which •
the Appalachian elktoe releases glochidia. The NCDOT will relocate the mussels
during low flow, low turbidity, and relatively cool weather; the most appropriate time
• to accomplish this would be in the fall.
5. In the BA; the NCDOT proposed to relocate all native mussels, including the . •
Appalachian elktoe, from the project"footprints," extending downstream and upstream
of the two bridge replacements. Representatives of the Service's Asheville Field Office
may determine during relocation of the mussels that the area the mussels are moved •
from should be reduced.
6. A Service biologist will review and provide comments on plans proposed to correct
problems that may be revealed in the monitoring of the river channel and banks within
the project area.
7.. The erosion-control plan will be in place prior to any ground disturbance. When
needed, combinations of erosion-control measures (such as silt bags in combination
with a stilling basin) will be used to ensure that the most protective measures are being
implemented.
8. Activities in the floodplain will be limited to those needed to construct the proposed
bridges and remove the existing bridge. .
• 47 .

•
•
•
•
/-
•
9. Work pads will be used when equipment must be staged in the floodplain to complete
the project construction. The work pads will be constructed by placing fabric matting
down prior to placing the stone work pad. All of the stone and matting will be removed
and disposed of off-site, or the stone can be used in areas that require permanent stone
protection after project completion.
•
10. Access roads and construction staging areas will be minimized to the maximum extent
practicable. The access roads and construction staging areas should be established from
the start of the project and designed with erosion-control measures; The placement of .
the access roads and staging areas will be discussed with the Service and determined at
the preconstruction meetings.
11.Riparian vegetation, especially large trees,will be maintained wherever possible. If
riparian areas are disturbed, they will be revegetated with native species as soon as
possible after construction. •
12.Upon completion of the project the existing approach fills will be•removed to natural
grade, and the area will be planted with native grasses and tree species. •
13.Erosion-control measures will remain in place until riparian vegetation is successfully
reestablished at each of the bridge sites.
14. Construction will be accomplished in a manner that prevents wet concrete from coming
into contact with water entering or flowing in the river.
15.Unconsolidated material(such as sand and dirt) will not be placed directly on the
• causeways since the material could be washed off of the causeways or settle into the •
causeways and enter the river. Any equipment that is placed on the causeways will be
removed anytime throughout a work day when the water level rises, or is expected to
rise overnight,to.a point where the equipment could be flooded or during periods of
inactivity(two or more consecutive days). The only exception to this measure is that
the drill rig may be left in place for periods of inactivity; however, it must also be.
removed if the water rises, or is expected to rise, to a point where the drill rig could be
flooded.
•
16. All construction equipment should be refueled outside the 100-year floodplain or at •
least 200 ft from all water bodies (whichever distance is greater) and be protected with
secondary containment. During crucial periods of construction and demolition,when
the drill rig and crane cannot be moved, the drill rig and crane can be refueled while •
• inside the 100-year floodplain provided that spill response materials (such as spill
blankets and fueling diapers) are used during the refueling. Hazardous materials,fuel,
lubricating oils, or other chemicals will be stored outside the 100-year floodplain or at
least 200 ft from all water bodies (whichever distance is greater), preferably at an
upland site. Areas used for borrow or construction by-products will not be located in •
• wetlands or in the 100-year floodplain.
• 48

•
CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS • •
Section 7(a)(1) of the Act directs federal agencies to use their authorities to further the
purposes of the Act by carrying out conservation programs for the benefit of endangered •
and threatened species. The following conservation recommendations•are discretionary
agency activities to minimize or avoid adverse effects of a proposed action on listed species
or critical habitat, to help implement recovery plans, or to develop information. .
. 1. Where opportunities exist,work with landowners,.the general public, and other •
agencies to promote education and information about the Appalachian elktoe and its
conservation.
•
2. In order to address sources of impairment"in the Nolichucky River basin and work
toward removing habitat occupied by the Appalachian elktoe from the 303(d) list of
impaired waters, consider funding a position with a conservation organization to help
identify and pursue additional buffers and conservation opportunities along the main
stem of the Cane River,North Toe River, and Toe Rivers and their tributaries, either
individually•or in concert with other conservation programs.
3. Establish an escrow account to provide funding for land acquisition and/or.conservation
• easements/agreements to better take advantage of conservation opportunities as they
arise.
4. Explore opportunities to work with local and state water quality officials in order to •
minimize or eliminate wastewater and storm-water discharges into the Cane River,
North Toe River, and Toe River. •
•
5. Work with Yancey and Mitchell Counties to-develop tools such as land-use plans, •
•ordinances, and incentives to protect the Appalachian elktoe and its designated critical
habitat from.the effects of development activities. .
6.. Consult with the Service on projects affecting aquatic habitat in the Nolichucky River •
basin, regardless of funding source, to ensure compliance with all provisions of the Act.
7. Work with partners to assess and prioritize structures that fragment aquatic habitat-and
create barriers to fish passage in the Nolichucky River basin and begin replacing those
structures with more appropriate structures when opportunities arise.
•
.In order for the Service to be kept informed about actions that minimize or avoid adverse effects
or that benefit listed species or their habitats, we request notification of the implementation of •
any conservation recommendations.
•
49

,
REINITIATION/CLOSING STATEMENT . ,
This concludes formal consultation on the actions outlined in the NCDOT's•BA dated August 9,
2007. As provided in 50 CPR 402.16, the reinitiatiOn of formal consultatiori is required where .
discretionary federal agency involvement°or control over the action has been retained(or is
authorized by law) and if: (1) the amount or extent'of incidental take is exceeded, (2)new
information reveals effects of the agency action that may affect listed species-or critical;habitat in •
a manner or.to.an extent not considered in this Opinion, (3) the agency action is subsequently ,
modified in a manner that causes an effect to the listed•species or critical habitat not considered
in this'Opinion, or(4) a new.species is listed or critical.habitat is designated that may.be affected.
by the'action. In instances where the amount or*extent of incidental take is ehxceeded;any . . •
operation-causing such take must cease, pending reinitiation.. Consultation should also be
reinitiated If new biological information comes to light that invalidates the assumptions made .
regardingahe biology or distribution of the Appalachian;elktoe within the.project area bf the •
. NolichuckyRiverbasin in North Carolina. •
If you or your staff.have any questions concerning this Opinion,please contact Ms.Marella .
Buncick.of our staff at 828/258-3939, Ext. 237, or me, Ext. 223. We have:assigned ourI og:
No. 4-2-03.-063 to this project; please refer to it in any fiiture correspondence concerning this
. matter. .
. . .
Sincerely, .
H • • •
Brian P.:Cole • •
• • Field.Stipervisor •
cc: . . .
Dr. Gregory J. Thorpe;Manager,Project Development and Enyironmentall alysis Branch, •
• • North Carolina Department of Transportation,1548 Mail Service-Center,Raleigh NC
27699-1544
Dr. Charles P.Nicholson,NEPA Policy Program Manager,Tennessee Valley Authority;
.400 West Summit Hill Drive,WT 11B,.Knoxville,.TN 37902-1499. • •
. • Electronic dopy with Appendix A (Appendices13=E•available upon request): :
Ms.Marla I. Chambers, Western NCDOT Permit Coordinator;North Carolina Wildlife..
• Resources Commission, 12275 Swift Road;Oakboro,:NC 28129
Mr. Brian Wrenn,North Carolina Division of Water.Quality;Central Office, 2321 Crabtree .
•
Blvd., Suite;250, Raleigh,NC 27604 '
Mr. Chris Militscher,Environmental Protection Agency, 1313 Alderman=.Circle,RaleigY%NC
27603 • .
Regional Director,FWS;Atlanta; GA(ES/TE, Attention: Mr:.Ken Grahaiii): .
•
50 . .

.
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•
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Carey,M., and P. Wagner. 1996.. Salmon Passages and Other Wildlife Activities in Washington
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the Upper NolichuckyRiver Basin in Western North Carolina,200 -2003. Draft Report,
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. An Assessment of Selected Rare Mussel Populations in Western North Carolina
Following Extraordinary Floods of September 2004. North Carolina Wildlife Resources •
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York,NY.
• Gardner, J.A., W.R. Woodall, Jr., A.A. Staats, Jr., and J.F.Napoli. 1976. The invasion of the • •
Asiatic clam in the Altamaha River, Georgia. Nautilus 90(3):117-125. • . .
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mollusks and fish of the Clinch River in Tazewell County, Virginia. Final Rep.,
U.S.Fish and Wildl. Serv. 128 pp. •
•
HNTB North Carolina. 2004. Qualitative Indirect and Cumulative Effects Assessment •
US 19/19E Widening, TIP R-2518/R-2519. V .
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of the upper Delaware watershed. Bull. Am. Malac. Union 1973:12-14. •
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(Unionidae): A Review. U.S. Dept. of the Int.,Fish and Wildl. Serv., Resource
Publ. 164. Washington, DC. 20 pp.
Ingram,W.M. 1957. Use and value of biological indicators of pollution: Freshwater clams and
snails. Pp. 94-135 in C.M. Trazwell (ed.). Biological problems in water pollution. .
USDHEW,PHS, R.A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center. Cincinnati, OH.
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•
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Keller,A.E., and S.G. Zam: 1991. The acute toxicity of selected metals to the freshwater
mussel,Anodonta imbelecilis. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10:539-546. V •
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regulated rivers. A case study of the Caney Fork River. Regulated Rivers: Research and • •
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- Marking, L.L.; and T.D.Bills. 1979. Acute effects of silt arid sand sedimentation on freshwater
mussels. Pp. 204-211 in J.L. Rasmussen, ed. Proc..of the.UMRCC symposium on the •
Upper Mississippi River bivalve mollusks..UMRCC. Rock Island, IL. 270 pp. V V
•
•
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52 • •
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•
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. 1997.. Mountain Aquatic Survey. Pp. 14-24'in Annual Performance Report Vol.VI, July
1996 - June 1997,Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program,North Carolina Wildlife . •
Resources.Commission. 200 pp.
. 1998..Mountain Aquatic Survey. Pp. 12-16 in.Annual Performance Report Vol. VII, July
1997 -June 199.8,Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program,North Carolina.Wildlife
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. 1999. Mountain Aquatic Survey. •Pp. 28-36 in Annual Performance Report Vol.VIII,
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• ,Moser,M.L., and M.E. Terra. 1999. Low Light as an Impediment to River Herring Migration.
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. 2007. Indirect and cumulative effects report,,US 19/19E improvements from Mars Hill to'.
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•
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54

•
J� sty®)'C EP ! ED
F WAIF
� : �p Michael F.Easley,Governor
O G .:AN 12 2C09 William G.Ross Jr.,Secretary
rNorth Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
`C Asheville Regional Office) Coleen H.Sullins.,Director
Division of Water Quality
Aquifer Protection
December 30, 2008
Mr. Samuel Young,President
Young&McQueen Grading Company,Inc. •
25 Crestview Road
Burnsville,NC 28714
Subject: Permit No. WQ0033621
Young&McQueen Grading Company,Inc.
Fox Mine Closed-loop
Wastewater Recycle System
Yancey County
Dear Mr. Young:
In accordance with your permit application received November 10, 2008, we are forwarding herewith
Permit No. WQ0033621, dated December 30, 2008, to the Young & McQueen Grading Company, Inc. for the
construction and operation of the subject wastewater recycle system to serve the Fox Mine.
2oI6
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until November 30, 2013, and shall be subject to
the conditions and limitations as specified therein. Please pay particular attention to the monitoring requirements
in this permit. Failure to establish an adequate system for collecting and maintaining the required operational
information will result in future compliance problems.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable, you have the right to
request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within thirty(30) days following receipt of this permit. This
request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of North Carolina General Statutes,
and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, 6714 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-6714.
Unless such demands are made this permit shall be final and binding.
One set of approved plans and specifications is being forwarded to you. If you need additional
information concerning this matter, please contact David Goodrich at(919) 715-6162.
Sincerely,
for Coleen H. Sullins
cc: Yancey County Health Department
ATs i1 e Flle' Regional.Office, uq fer Protectlon SectrQn
om Freeman,Freeman Environmental onsulting-,LLC
Technical Assistance and Certification Unit
APS Central Files
LAU Files
No e Carolina
,Naturally
Aquifer Protection Section 1636 Mail Service Center Raleigh,NC 27699-1636 Telephone: [phone]
Internet:www.ncwaterqualitv.org Location: 2728 Capital Boulevard Raleigh,NC 27604 Fax 1: [phone]
Fax 2: [phone]
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer—50%Recycled/10%Post Consumer Paper Customer Service: [phone]

NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
RECYCLE SYSTEM PERMIT
•
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina as amended,
and other applicable Laws,Rules,and Regulations
PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
Young & McQueen Grading Company, Inc.
Yancey County
FOR THE
construction and operation of a 180,000 GPD wastewater closed loop recycle system consisting of a 300 GPM
submerged recycle pump, a wash water return system, and a 1,415,200 gallon recycle basin to serve the Fox Mine
with no discharge of wastes to the surface waters, pursuant to the application received November 10, 2008, and
subsequent additional information received by the Division, and in conformity with the project plan,
specifications, and other supporting data subsequently filed and approved by the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources and considered a part of this permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until November 30, 2013 and shall be subject to
the following specified conditions and limitations:
1. Within sixty (60) days of permit issuance, all non-operational wells at the facility shall be permanently
abandoned. Within thirty (30) days of abandonment, a Well Abandonment Record (GW-30 Form)that lists
this permit number and an appropriate well identification designation shall be completed for each well
abandoned and mailed to N.C. Division of Water Quality, Aquifer Protection Section, 1636 Mail Service
Center, Raleigh N.C. 27699-1636. The well(s) must be abandoned by a North Carolina Certified Well
Contractor according to the North Carolina Well Construction Standards (15A NCAC 02C .0113) and local
county rules.
2. Prior to operation of this permitted facility, a spill control plan that addresses the possible release.of fuel,
hydraulic fluid and/or other chemicals shall be prepared by the Permittee and submitted to the Division at:
Division of Water Quality. Aquifer Protection Section, 1636 Mail Service Center,Raleigh,NC 27699-1636.
3. Upon completion of construction and prior to operation of this permitted facility, a certification must be
received from a professional engineer certifying that the permitted facility has been installed in accordance
with this permit, the approved plans and specifications, and other supporting materials. If this project is to
be completed in phases and partially certified, you shall retain the responsibility to track further
construction approved under the same permit, and shall provide a final certificate of completion once the
entire project has been completed. Mail the Certification to the Division of Water Quality, Aquifer
Protection Section, 1636 Mail Service Center,Raleigh,NC 27699-1636.
•

4. The Asheville Regional Office, telephone number(828) 296-4500, shall be notified at least forty-eight(48)
hours in advance of operation of the installed facilities so that an in-place inspection can be made. Such
notification to the regional supervisor shall be made during the normal office hours from 8:00 a.m. until
5:00 p.m. on Monday through Friday, excluding State Holidays.
5. This permit shall become voidable unless the facilities are constructed in accordance with the conditions of
this permit,the approved plans and specifications, and other supporting data.
6. This permit is effective only with respect to the nature and volume of wastes described in the application
and other supporting data.
7. The facilities shall be properly maintained and operated at all times.
8. The following buffers shall be maintained:
a) 100 feet between treatment/storage units and any wells,
b) 50 feet between treatment/storage units and surface waters, and
c) 50 feet between treatment/storage units and property lines.
These buffers are not intended to prohibit or prevent modifications, which are required by the
Division,to improve performance of the existing treatment facility. These buffers do,however, apply
to modifications of the treatment and disposal facilities that are for the purpose of increasing the flow
that is tributary to the facility. These buffers do apply to any expansion or modification of the
irrigation areas and apply in instances in which the sale of property would cause any of the buffers
now complied with, for the treatment and disposal facilities, to be violated. The applicant is advised
that any modifications to the existing facilities will require a permit modification.
9. There shall be no public access to the wastewater treatment equipment, wastewater storage structures or to
the wastewater within the closed-loop recycle facility.
•
10. An Operation and Maintenance Plan of the wastewater recycle system shall be maintained for the facility
and shall contain the following"
a) Description of the operation of the recycle system in sufficient detail to show what operations are
necessary for the facility to function and by whom the functions are to be conducted;
b) Description of anticipated maintenance of the system;
- - - - - -- - c)—Provisions-for_safety.measures;_.including restriction of accessto the site and equipment, as
appropriate;
d) Spill Control provisions including:
i. Response to upsets and bypasses including control, containment, and remediation;
ii. Contact information for plant personnel,emergency responders, and regulatory agencies.
11. This permit,is not transferable. In the event there is a desire for the facilities to change ownership, or there
is a name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request must be submitted to the Division of Water
Quality (Division) accompanied by an application fee, documentation from the parties involved, and other
supporting materials as may be appropriate. The approval of the request will be considered on its merits
and may or may not be approved.
12. In the event that the facilities fail to perform satisfactorily,including the creation of nuisance conditions,the
Permittee shall take immediate corrective action, including those actions that may be required by this
Division, such as the construction of additional or replacement treatment or disposal facilities.
13. The residuals generated from these treatment facilities must be disposed in accordance with General Statute
143-215.1 and in a manner approved by the Division.
2

14. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility for damages to surface or
groundwaters resulting from the operation of this facility.
15. The facilities shall be effectively maintained and operated as a non-discharge system to prevent the
discharge of any wastewater resulting from the operation of this facility.
16. Diversion or bypassing of untreated wastewater from the treatment facilities is prohibited.
17. Freeboard in the recycle pond shall not be less than,two feet at any time.
18. A waste-level gauge, to monitor waste levels in the recycle pond, shall be installed within 60 days of
issuance of this permit. This gauge shall have readily visible permanent markings indicating the maximum
liquid level at the top of the temporary liquid storage volume,minimum liquid level at the bottom of the
temporary liquid storage volume, and top of the dam elevations. Caution must be taken not to damage the
integrity of the liner when installing the gauge.
19. A protective vegetative.cover shall be established and maintained on all earthen basin embankments
(outside toe of embankment to maximum pumping elevation), berms, pipe runs, erosion control areas, and
surface water diversions. Trees, shrubs, and other woody vegetation shall not be allowed to grow on the
earthen basin dikes or embankments. Earthen basin embankment areas shall be kept mowed or otherwise
controlled and accessible.
•
20. Any monitoring deemed necessary by the Division to insure surface and ground water protection will be
established and an acceptable sampling reporting schedule shall be followed.
21. Adequate inspection, maintenance, and cleaning shall be provided by the Permittee to insure proper
operation of the subject facilities.
• 22. The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the wastewater recycle facilities to prevent malfunctions and
deterioration, operator errors and discharges which may cause or lead to the release of wastes to the
environment, a threat to human health, or a nuisance. The Permittee shall maintain an inspection log or
summary including at least the date and time of inspection, observations made, and any maintenance,
repairs, or corrective actions taken by the Permittee. This log of inspections shall be maintained by the
Permittee for a period of three years from the date of the inspection and shall be made available to the
Division or other permitting authority,upon request.
23. Any duly authorized officer, employee, or representative of the Division may, upon presentation of
credentials, enter and inspect any property, premises or place on or related to the recycle system at any
reasonable time for the purpose of determining compliance with this permit, may inspect or copy any
records that must be maintained under the terms and conditions of this permit, and may obtain samples of
groundwater, surface water, or leachate.
24. The annual administering and compliance fee must be paid by the Permittee within thirty (30) days after
being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause the Division to initiate action to
revoke this permit as specified by 15A NCAC 02T.0110 (4).
25. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may subject the Permittee to an
enforcement action by the Division in accordance with North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6A to 143-
215.6C.
•

26. The issuance of this permit does not exempt the Permittee from complying with any and all statutes, rules,
regulations, or ordinances which may be imposed by other government agencies (local, state, and federal)
which have jurisdiction, including but not limited to applicable river buffer rules in 15A NCAC 2B.0200,
erosion and sedimentation control requirements in 15A NCAC Chapter 4 and under the Division's General
Permit NCG010000, and any requirements pertaining to wetlands under 15A NCAC 2B .0200 and 2H
.0500.20.
27. A set of approved plans and specifications for the subject project must be retained by the Permittee for the
life of this project.
28. Noncompliance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Asheville Regional Office, telephone number (828) 296-
4500, as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next working day following the
occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of the following:
a. Any occurrence at the wastewater treatment facility which results in the treatment of significant
amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic, such as the dumping of the contents
of a basin or tank,the known passage of a slug of hazardous substance through the facility, or any other
unusual circumstances;
b. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that renders the facility incapable of
adequate wastewater treatment, such as mechanical or electrical failures of pumps, aerators,
compressors, etc.;
c. Any failure of a pumping station, sewer line, or treatment facility resulting in a by-pass directly to
receiving waters without treatment of all or any portion of the influent to such station or facility; or
d. Any time that self-monitoring information indicates that the facility is not in compliance with its permit
limitations.
Occurrences outside normal business hours may also be reported to the Division's Emergency Management
personnel at telephone number(800) 858-0368, or [phone]. Persons reporting such occurrences by
telephone shall also file a written report in letter form within five (5) days following first knowledge of the
occurrence. This report must outline the actions taken or proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem
does not recur.
29. Upon classification of the wastewater treatment and spray irrigation facilities by the Water Pollution
Control System Operators Certification Commission (WPCSOCC), the Permittee shall designate and
employ a certified operator to be in responsible charge (ORC) and one or more certified operator(s) to be
back-up ORC(s) of the facilities in accordance with 15A NCAC 8G .0201. The ORC shall visit the
facilities in accordance with 15A NCAC 8G .0204 or as specified in this permit and shall comply with all
other conditions specified in these rules.
•

30. The Permittee, at least six (6) months prior to the expiration of this permit, shall request its extension. .
Upon receipt of the request, the Commission will review the adequacy of the facilities described therein,
and if warranted,will renew the permit for such period of time and under such conditions and limitations as
it may deem appropriate.
Permit issued this the 30th day of December, 2008.
NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
Col . Sullins,Director
Division of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Permit Number WQ0033621
•
•

Permit No.WQ0033621
December 30, 2008
ENGINEER'S CERTIFICATION
Partial Final
I, ,as a duly registered Professional Engineer in the State of
North Carolina,having been authorized to observe(periodically, weekly, full time)the construction of the project,
Project Name Location and County
for the Permittee hereby'state that,to the best of my abilities, due care and diligence was used in the observation
of the construction such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial compliance and intent of
this permit,the approved plans and specifications, and other supporting materials.
Signature Registration No.
Date
•
6

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FIGURE 1
• Name: BALD CREEK Lc YOUNG & MCQUEEN GRADING COMPANY, INC
Date:9/1/108 Scale: 1 inch equals 1000 feet CI WASTEWATER RECYCLE SYSTEM
YANCEY COUNTY
- Copyright(C)1997, WQ0033621 • •
SITE LOCATION MAP

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YOUNG &MCQUEEN GRADING COMPANY,INC
WASTEWATER RECYCLE SYSTEM
YANCEY COUNTY
•
W00033621
SITE DETAIL MAP

1:311 E
uur
AQUIFER Play..1 ECTION REGIONAL ST F REPORT
Date:December 10, 2008 County:_Yancey
To: Aquifer Protection Central Office Permittee: Young-McQueen Grading Company, Inc.
Central Office Reviewer: Dave Goodrich Project Name: Fox Mine
Regional Login No: Application No.:WQ0033621
L GENERAL INFORMATION
1. This application is(check all that apply): /1 New ❑Renewal
❑Minor Modification ❑Major Modification
❑ Surface Irrigation❑ Reuse /1 Recycle❑ High Rate Infiltration❑Evaporation/Infiltration Lagoon
❑ Land Application of Residuals ❑Attachment B included ❑ 503 regulated ❑ 503 exempt
❑Distribution of Residuals ❑ Surface Disposal
❑ Closed-loop Groundwater Remediation ❑ Other Injection Wells(including in situ remediation)
Was a site visit conducted in order to prepare this report? ®Yes or❑No.
a. Date of site visit: December 5,2008
b. Person contacted and contact information: Thomas Freeman,Freeman Environmental Consulting,LLC
828/765-1515
c. " Site visit conducted by: Ed Williams and Brett Laverty
d. Inspection Report Attached: Yes or®No.
2. Is the following information entered into the BIMS record for this application correct?
❑Yes or®No. If no,please complete the following or indicate that it is correct on the current application.
For Treatment Facilities:
a. Location: Whittington Road,Burnsville,NC 28714
b. Driving Directions: From I26 take Hwy 19 toward Burnsville, then Hwy 19W to Whittington Road, then
right on Whittington Rd to site
c. USGS Quadrangle Map name and number: Bald Creek,NC
d. Latitude: 35°55'32" Longitude: 82°25'13"
e. Regulated Activities /Type of Wastes (e.g., subdivision, food processing, municipal wastewater): Recycle
water for washing of stone material
For Disposal and Injection Sites: n/a
(If multiple sites either indicate which sites the information applies to, copy and paste a new section into the
document for each site, or attach additional pages for each site)
a. Location(s):
b. Driving Directions:
c. USGS Quadrangle Map name and number:
d. Latitude: Longitude:
IL NEW AND MAJOR MODIFICATION APPLICATIONS(this section not needed for renewals or minor
modifications,skip to next section)
Description Of Waste(S)And Facilities
FORM: Fox Mine staff report 2008.doc 1

p
AQUIFER PRo'i'ECTION REGIONAL STAFF REPORT
1. Please attach completed rating sheet.
2. Are the new treatment facilities adequate for the type of waste and disposal system?
®Yes ❑No ❑N/A. If no,please explain:
3. Are the new site conditions (soils, topography, depth to water table, etc) consistent with what was reported by
the soil scientist and/or Professional Engineer? ® Yes ❑No ❑N/A. If no,please explain:
4. Does the application (maps, plans, etc.) represent the actual site (property lines, wells, surface drainage)?
Yes ❑No ❑N/A. If no,please explain:
5. Is the proposed residuals management plan adequate and/or acceptable to the Division. ® Yes ❑No ❑
N/A. If no,please explain:
6. Are the proposed application rates for new sites(hydraulic or nutrient)acceptable?
❑Yes ❑No ®N/A. If no,please explain:
7. Are the new treatment facilities or any new disposal sites located in a 100-year floodplain?
® Yes ❑ No ❑ N/A. If yes, please attach a map showing areas of 100-year floodplain and please explain
and recommend any mitigative measures/special conditions in Part N:
8. Are there any buffer conflicts(new treatment facilities or new disposal sites)? ❑ Yes or®No. If yes, please
attach.a map showing conflict areas or attach any new maps you have received from the applicant to be
incorporated into the permit:
9. Is proposed and/or existing groundwater monitoring program (number of wells, frequency of monitoring,
monitoring parameters, etc.) adequate? ❑ Yes ❑ No ® N/A. Attach map of existing monitoring well
network if applicable. Indicate the review and compliance boundaries. If No, explain and recommend any
changes to the groundwater monitoring program:
10. For residuals, will seasonal or other restrictions be required? ❑ Yes ® No ❑N/A If yes, attach list of sites
with restrictions (Certification B?)
III. RENEWAL AND MODIFICATION APPLICATIONS(use previous section for new or major modification
systems)
Description Of Waste(S)And Facilities N/A
1. Are there appropriately certified ORCs for the facilities? ❑Yes or❑No.
Operator in Charge: Certificate#:
Backup-Operator in Charge: Certificate#:
2. Is the design, maintenance and operation (e.g. adequate aeration, sludge wasting, sludge storage, effluent
storage, etc) of the treatment facilities adequate for the type of waste and disposal system? ❑ Yes or n No.
If no,please explain:
FORM: Fox Mine staff report 2008.doc 2

AQUIFER PRU x ECI'ION REGIONAL ST.txa F REPORT
3. Are the site conditions (soils, topography, depth to water table, etc) maintained appropriately and adequately
assimilating the waste?n Yes or❑No. If no,please explain:
4. Has the site changed in any way that may affect permit (drainage added, new wells inside the compliance
boundary, new development, etc.)? If yes, please explain: Is the residuals management plan for the facility
adequate and/or acceptable to the Division?
❑Yes or❑No. If no, please explain:
5. Are the existing application rates (hydraulic or nutrient) still acceptable? ❑ Yes or ❑ No. If no, please
explain: '
6. Is the existing groundwater monitoring program .(number of wells, frequency of monitoring, monitoring
parameters, etc.) adequate? ❑ Yes ❑ No ❑ N/A. Attach map of existing monitoring well network if
applicable. Indicate the review and compliance boundaries. If No, explain and recommend any changes to the
groundwater monitoring program: •
7. Will seasonal or other restrictions be required for added sites? El Yes ❑No ❑N/A If yes, attach list of sites
with restrictions(Certification B?)
8. Are there any buffer conflicts (treatment facilities or disposal sites)? ❑ Yes or ❑ No. If yes, please attach a
map showing conflict areas or attach any new maps you have received from the applicant to be incorporated
into the permit:
9.- Is the description of the facilities, type and/or volume of waste(s) as written in the existing permit correct? ❑
Yes or❑No. 'If no,please explain:
10. Were monitoring wells properly constructed and located? ❑ Yes or ❑ No ❑ N/A. If no, please explain:
11. Has a review of all self-monitoring data been conducted (GW,NDMR, and NDAR as applicable)? ❑ Yes or
❑No ❑N/A. Please summarize any findings resulting from this review:
12. Check all that apply: ❑ No compliance issues; ❑ Notice(s) of violation within the last permit cycle; ❑ •
Current enforcement action(s) ❑ Currently under SOC; ❑ Currently under JOC; ❑ Currently under
moratorium. If any items checked, please explain and attach any documents that may help clarify
answer/comments(such as NOV,NOD etc): •
13. Have all compliance dates/conditions in the existing permit, (SOC, JOC, etc.) been complied with? ❑ Yes
❑No ❑Not Determined ❑N/A.. If no,please explain:
14. Are there'any issues related to compliance/enforcement that should be resolved before issuing this permit? ❑ Yes or❑
No ❑ N/A. If yes, please explain:
FORM: Fox Mine staff report 2008.doc 3

AQUIFER P 'QTECTION REGIONAL STAFF REPORT
IV. INJECTION WELL PERMIT APPLICATIONS (Complete these two sections for all systems that use injection
wells, including closed-loop groundwater remediation effluent injection wells, in situ remediation injection wells, and
heat pump injection wells.)
Description Of Well(S)And Facilities-New,Renewal,And Modification
1. Type of injection system:
❑ Heating/cooling water return flow(5A7)
❑ Closed-loop heat pump system(5QM/5QW)
❑In situ remediation(5I)
❑ Closed-loop groundwater remediation effluent injection(5L/"Non-Discharge")
❑ Other(Specify:
2. Does system use same well for water source and injection? ❑ Yes. ❑No
3. Are there any potential pollution sources that may affect injection?❑Yes ❑No
What is/are the pollution source(s)? . What.is the distance of the injection well(s)from the pollution
source(s)? ft.
4. What is the minimum distance of proposed injection wells from the property boundary? ft.
. 5. Quality of drainage at site:. ❑ Good ❑Adequate ❑ Poor
6. Flooding potential of site: ❑ Low ❑ Moderate ❑ High
7. For groundwater remediation systems, is the proposed and/or existing groundwater monitoring program
(number of wells,frequency of monitoring,monitoring parameters,etc.)adequate? ❑Yes ❑No. Attach
map of existing monitoring well network if applicable. If No, explain and recommend any changes to the
groundwater monitoring program:
8. Does the map presented represent the actual site(property lines,wells, surface drainage)? ❑ Yes or❑No. If
no or no map,please attach a sketch of the site. Show property boundaries,buildings,wells,potential pollution
sources,roads, approximate scale, and north arrow.
Injection Well Permit Renewal And Modification Only:
1. For heat pump systems, are there any abnormalities in heat pump or injection well operation(e.g.turbid water,
failure to assimilate injected fluid,poor heating/cooling)?
❑Yes ❑No. If yes, explain:
2. For closed-loop heat pump systems,has system lost pressure or required make-up fluid since permit issuance
or last inspection? ❑Yes ❑No. If yes, explain:
3. For renewal or modification of groundwater remediation permits(of,any type),will
continued/additional/modified injections have an adverse impact on migration of the plume or management of
the contamination incident? ❑Yes ❑No. If yes, explain:
4. Drilling contractor: Name:
FORM: Fox Mine staff report 2008.doc 4

y '
AQUIFER FRJ I ECTION REGIONAL ST iiLLP F REPORT
Address: •
Certification number:
5. Complete and attach Well Construction Data Sheet.
•
r _
FORM: Fox Mine staff report 2008.doc 5

AQUIFER PROTECTION REGIONAL STAFF REPORT
V. EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Provide any additional narrative regarding your review of the application.: All wells on site,not being used,
that are within the equipment and stockpile area should be abandoned in accordance with regulations. A spill
control plan should be submitted to address the possible release of fuel,hydraulic fluid and other chemicals.
2. Attach Well Construction Data Sheet-if needed information is available
3. Do you foresee any problems with issuance/renewal of this permit?❑Yes ®No. If yes,please explain
briefly.
4. List any items that you would like APS Central Office to obtain through an additional information request.
Make sure that you provide a reason for each item:
Item Reason
5. List specific Permit conditions that you recommend to be removed from the permit'when issued. Make sure
that you provide a reason for each condition:
Condition Reason
6. List specific special conditions or compliance schedules that you recommend to be included in the permit when
issued. Make sure that you provide a reason for each special condition:
Condition Reason
7. Recommendation: ❑ Hold,pending receipt and review of additional information by regional office; ❑ Hold,
pending review of draft permit by regional office; ❑ Issue upon receipt of needed additional information;
Issue; ❑ Deny. If deny,please stat sons:'
8. Signature of report preparer(s):
Signature of APS regional supervisor: _
Date: /2 '77-0
FORM: Fox Mine staff report 2008.doc 6

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Compliance Inspection Report
Permit: WO0033621 Effective: 12/30/08 Expiration: 12/31/15 Owner: Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
SOC: Effective: Expiration: Facility: Fox Mine
County:Yancey Whittington Rd
Region: Asheville
Burnsville NC 28714
Contact Person: Nikki B Street Title: Phone:[phone]
Directions to Facility:
From Interstate 26 North,take Route 19 East towards Burnsville,then Route 19W North to Whittington Road,turn right onto
Whittington Road and follow it to the site.
System Classifications:
Primary ORC: Certification: Phone:
Secondary ORC(s):
On-Site Representative(s):
24 hour contact name George Cherry Phone: [phone]
Related Permits:
Inspection Date: 12/03/2009 Entry Time: 10:30 AM Exit Time: 11:00 AM
Primary Inspector: Beverly Price Phone: [phone]
Secondary Inspector(s):
Reason for Inspection: Routine Inspection Type: Reconnaissance
Permit Inspection Type: Wastewater Recycling
Facility Status: 0 Compliant 0 Not Compliant
Question Areas:
Miscellaneous Questions
(See attachment summary)
Page: 1

•
Permit:WQ0033621 Owner-Facility:Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
Inspection Date: 12/03/2009 Inspection Type:Reconnaissance Reason for Visit:Routine
Inspection Summary:
Phone conversation with Young &McQueen Grading representative George Cherry 12/3/09:they have not started using
the recycle system yet. They will possibly begin washing stone in the spring of 2010. Call back in March.
Page: 2

Freeman Environmental Consulting, LLC
31 Cross Street, Suite 229, Spruce Pine, NC 28777
• • 828-765-1515, Office 828-765-3571 •
e-mail: [e-mail]
February 28,2011
RECEIVED
G. Landon Davidson,L.G. •
Regional Supervisor a 0
NCDENR, DWQ,Aquifer Protection MAR �U9 11
2090 US Highway 70 Asheville Regional Office
Swannanoa, NC 28778-8211 A.uifer Protection
Subject:NOV Response
NOV-2011-PC-0074
Permit No.WQ0033621
Yancey County, French Broad River Basin
Dear Mr. Davidson,
This correspondence is in reply to a Notice of Violation from your office on January 28,2011 concerning
an inspection and subsequent findings at the above facility. This facility runs on a campaign basis and
was not operating when inspected,but is scheduled to start operations again in the spring of this year.
The system is a closed loop system and there have been no offsite damages,flows or concerns with this
facility.
I will address the violations listed in your letter by the number(from your letter)as follows:
1. Please find attached a spill control plan that will be implemented on or before April 1,2011.
2. Please find an after the fact professional engineers certification for the system.
3. This letter shall serve as an after the fact notification of installation and start-up of the facility.
4. Please find attached an operation and maintenance plan which addressed the four items in your
letter one of which is the Spill Control Plana
5. A freeboard marker has been installed at the primary pond.
6. Please see attached inspection log which will be implemented April 1,2011.
If you have further questions or have comments concerning any of the attachments please contact me
at 828-765-1515. •
Sincerely, • .
Thomas(Tom) Freeman CPESC
Freeman Environmental Consulting, LLC
CC:YM, GC, LCE&FEC files
•

Spill Control Plan
General
The Fox Mine's wastewater recycle system is the source for the process water needed by
the crushing and stone washing facility located at the mine. Clean water from the recycle
system is pumped to the washing and screening equipment by a pump at the south pond
and the water flows back to the system by gravity after it is used. The water returning to the
system is wastewater that contains sediment and dust particles from the operation of the
screens and stone washing.
The largest threat of a hazardous spill is from haul trucks, crushing equipment, screening
and washing equipment, loaders, dozers and other site specific mobile equipment, portable
equipment and the wastewater recycle pump. This equipment has the potential to leak or
spill fuel (gasoline and diesel fuels), crankcase oils, transmission fluids, hydraulic fluids, and
other liquids associated with mobile and stationary equipment.
Because the site is bermed around the perimeter all stormwater and/or any other overflow,
spill or accidental release of any substance would drain into the wastewater system
impoundments or be collected against one of the berms. This onsite containment would
prevent any offsite flow of contamination by any spill or accidental release and therefore
eliminate offsite concerns. There is no historical evidence of any spills or leaks at this site.
The following is a brief description of the plan to prevent the accidental spill or release of
any hazardous substance:
Procedure for delivery of fuel, oils and other materials to the site:
• All off-road mobile equipment and other equipment requiring fuel are fueled by a
delivery truck which. visits the site as needed.
• The greasing of bearings, the addition of oils and other lubricants is also performed

•
by a truck that visits the site.
• All equipment maintenance shall include the collection of all spent fluids and oils. All
fluids collected shall be recycled when oils are changed or during maintenance
procedures requiring the draining of fluids.
Procedure for storage of fuels, oils, fluids and other materials:
• No fuel or oil is known to be stored onsite in any large quantity and all oil stored
onsite is kept inside the office at this time.
• Any fuel kept onsite should be kept in a safe place away from sources of ignition and
inside the drip-line if a building to prevent stormwater contamination
• All materials kept onsite shall be labeled to identify the material, any hazards and
reference to first aid and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) kept on file for that
material.
Procedures for expeditiously stopping, containing, and cleaning up leaks, spills, and
other releases:
• Utilizing berms, ditches or any other temporary measure, contain the spill in the
smallest area possible. Keep spills separated from other materials especially water
which will dilute it and make clean-up more difficult.
• Notify any member of Management at the site or call the main office
• Upon assessing the extent of the spill or leak, begin remediation utilizing necessary
measures not limited to but including collection of liquids into containers, use of oil
absorbents,,pumping to tank truck and or the use of absorbent pads. Since the
major risk for this operation would be a fuel or lubricant leak or spill, oil absorbing
socks or pads should be retained onsite and utilized as needed.
• Any spill of oil or fuel that flows to the wastewater ponds shall be collected by the
use of absorbent materials by locating them at the exit point of the primary pond.

•
• Spill collection media shall be disposed of in an appropriate and environmentally
sound manner, compliant with State, Federal and local regulations.
• Any such spills or actions taken shall be recorded in the wastewater daily inspection
log book..
• Any fuel spill in access of 5 gallons shall be reported to the Yancey County
Emergency Management coordinator at 828-678-9266 and also the North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR), Asheville Regional
Office at 828-296-4500. When contacting NCDENR contact both Emergency
Management and Water Quality.
Training . •
Employees shall be trained in spill/leak remediation procedures as part of the
implementation of this prevention plan. All facility personnel should be familiar
with their role in the prevention of any spill and the proper steps to take in case
of any spill.
• All training shall include a discussion of the general principles of spill control and
prevention. •
• The location of the spill control kit and the proper use of the contents shall be
discussed.
• A general information and training sheet shall be posted at the operation (site) office
for easy and ready access.
• Employees shall sign a training sheet to signify they have received the training and
these training sheets shall be kept onsite.

•
•
Permit No.WQ0033621
December 30,2008.
ENGINEER'S CERTIFICATION
Partial `)� Final •
I,. �.111L�Ll . ,�I'V-661" . ,as a duly registered Professional Engineer in the State of
North Carolina,having been authorized to observe(periodically,weekly,full time)the construction of the project, .
q AoLE�1 Lo0l-f? ,
ou. M%�E GLosen toot wc�s-cr w„ .
Project Name qL Z-'.j c.t.E S`:'S -Nl Location and County
for the Permittee hereby state that,to the best of my abilities,due care and diligence was used in the observation
of the construction such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial compliance and intent of
this permit,the approved plans and specifications,and other supporting materials. -
Signature c-1/IAlidu.
f3 )6, 1 Registration No. Zvi°l CD 0
Date 'L AS 11 i
`J

r\; -
Operation and Maintenance Plan
The proper operation and maintenance of the close loop wastewater recycle facilities at the
Fox Mine is necessary to maintain the source for the process water needed by the
screening and stone washing facility located at the mine. Clean water from the recycle
system is pumped to the washing and screening equipment by a pump at the south.pond
and the water flows back to the system by gravity after it is used. The water returning to the
system is wastewater that contains sediment and dust particles from the operation of the
screens and stone washing. To remain operational the plant must be maintained as follows:
System Operation
• System operation is simple with the portable pump taking water from the south pond
and pumping underground to the wash and screening plan which will allow the
wastewater to drain by gravity back to the primary pond. The pump will need to
started when the system is ready for water in the morning and shut down at the close
of the work day.
• All fittings and valves shall be inspected during the operation of the system to assure
the proper flow to the system and the proper gravity flow back to the north pond.
• All gravity collection points shall be checked on a regular basis to prevent sediment
build-up which can cause clogged popes.
• Any pressure gauge readings shall be recorded on the daily inspection log.
• Any system failure, spill or other abnormal activity shall be reported to the site
supervisor and shall be corrected, if necessary by shut-down. The site supervisor
shall be knowledgeable of permit reporting requirements and proper procedures

•
Maintenance Plan
• Before the equipment is started in the mornings all fittings, hoses and piping shall
be inspected for evidence of wear and needed repairs Any needed repairs will be
made immediately upon discovery to maintain all piping in an effective working
condition.
• Before the pump is started the pump and motor shall be checked for oil levels, oil
leaks, water leaks and any other mechanical items that would prevent the proper
operation of the pump and Motor.
• Any leaks in buried piping shall be reason for an emergency shutdown and
immediately repaired.
• The primary pond shall be cleaned when the level of sediment is above the normal
water level. The pond shall also be cleaned when the sediment from the north pond
begins to migrate to the south pond. Sediment cleaned from the ponds shall be
placed with the gravel and sold as product or disposed of in another legal manner.
• The fence and berm between the haulroad and the ponds shall be maintained to
promote safety and also prevent unauthorized access to the system.

•
Young&McQueen, Fox Mine •
Closed Loop Wastewater Recycle
General Layout
State Road •
\\\\
Fence
Office&Scales •
Mobile Screening
and Wash Plant• �a`ec�e 9
• 1 map J�`eu
Freeboard •tm • Marker
70.746,4 Al/
•
e
• Vie % ?
Gp ea.• •
ao of jp!�ce F.0
•
Crushing Plant

•
Fox Mine Wastewater Recycle System Daily Inspection Log
System Operatin
Date Operated Properly
(M-D-Y) Time (Y-N) (Y-N) Comments Inspected By

p
FL,__.'LE
Ariz,
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Beverly Eaves Perdue Coleen H. Sullins Dee Freeman
Governor Director Secretary
January 28,2011
CERTIFIED MAIL 7009 1680 0000 7514 8451
RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
RECEIPT#
Samuel Young,President •
Young&McQueen Grading Company,Inc.
25 Crestview Road
Burnsville,NC 28714
Subject: Notice of Violation
NOV-2011-PC-0074
Permit No. WQ0033621
Yancey County
Dear Mr.Young,
On January 25, 2011, staff of the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ), Aquifer Protection Section
(APS), inspected the subject wastewater treatment and disposal system. We wish to thank Mr. George
Cherry,who was present and assisted during then inspection.
The following items specify permit conditions that were in violation during the time of the inspection.
(Also please refer to the attached inspection report):
1. Permit Condition 2. requires that prior to operation of this facility, a spill control plan that
addresses the possible release of fuel, hydraulic fluid and/or other chemicals shall be prepared by
the permittee and submitted to the Division.
On the date of the inspection, no spill control plan had been submitted.
2. Permit Condition 3. requires that upon completion of construction and prior to operation of the
permitted facility, a certification must be received from a professional engineer certifying that the
permitted facility has been installed in accordance with this permit, the approved plans and
specifications.
On the date of the inspection, no engineer's certification was on file with the Division.
AQUIFER PROTECTION SECTION—Asheville Regional Office(ARO)
2090 U.S.70 Highway,Swannanoa,NC 28778-8211
Phone:[phone] FAX:[phone] Qne L,
Customer Service:1-877-623-6748 1��7 O1't11Car01111a
Internet:www.ncwaterouality.orq An Equal Opportunity 1 Affirmative Action Employer Naturally

Mr.Young
Permit No WQ0033621
January 28,2011
Page 2 of 3
3. Permit Condition 4. requires the Asheville Regional Office be notified at least 48 hours in
advance of operation of the installed facilities so that an in-place inspection can be made.
The regional office was not notified offacility start-up.
4. Permit Condition 10. requires an Operation and Maintenance Plan of the wastewater recycle
system be maintained for the facility and shall contain the following:
a) Description of the operation of the recycle system in sufficient detail to show what
operations are necessary for the facility to function and by whom the functions are to
be conducted;
b) Description of anticipated maintenance of the system;
c) Provisions for safety measures, including restriction of access to the site and
equipment,as appropriate;
d) Spill Control provisions including:
i.response to upsets and bypasses including control,containment, and
remediation;
ii. Contact information for plant personnel,emergency responders and regulatory
agencies.
•
On the date of the inspection, there was no Operation and Maintenance Plan on site.
5. Permit Condition 18. requires a waste-level gauge to monitor waste levels in the recycle pond, be
installed within 60 days of issuance of the permit.
On the date of the inspection, no freeboard marker had been installed in the recycle pond
6. Permit Condition 22.requires the Permittee or his designee to inspect the wastewater recycle
facilities to prevent malfunctions and deterioration,operator errors and discharges which may
cause or lead to the release of wastes to the environment, a threat to human health, or a nuisance.
The permittee shall maintain an inspection log or summary including at least the date and time of
inspection,observations made, and any maintenance,repairs,or corrective actions taken by the
Permittee. This log of inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee for a period of three years
from the date of the inspection and shall be made available upon request to the Division or other
permitting authority.
On the day of the inspection, staff determined the inspection logs were not present.
You are required to provide a written response to this Notice by February 28, 2011. Please include
in your response all corrective actions already taken and a schedule for completion of any corrective
actions not addressed.
Failure to comply with conditions in a permit may result in a recommendation of enforcement action, to
the Director of the Division of Water Quality who may issue a civil penalty assessment of not more that
twenty-five thousand($25,000)dollars against any"person"who violates or fails to act in accordance

Mr.Young
Permit No WQ0033621
January 28, 2011
Page 3 of 3
with the terms, conditions, or requirements of a permit under authority of G.S. 143-215.6A. Please note
that each day a violation continues may be considered a separate violation,,subject to additional civil
penalties.
If you have any questions concerning this Notice,please contact Beverly Price at 828-296-4685.
,
G.Landon Davidson,L.G.
Regional Supervisor
Aquifer Protection
attachment:
cc: Tom Freeman,Freeman Environmental Consulting,LLC
etRe=A31 P
Aquifer Protection Section Central Files

•
•
Compliance Inspection Report
Permit: WQ0033621 Effective: 12/30/08 Expiration: 12/31/16 Owner: Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
SOC: Effective: Expiration: Facility: Fox Mine
County:Yancey Whittington Rd
Region: Asheville
Bumsville NC 28714
Contact Person: Nikki B Street Title: Phone:[phone]
Directions to Facility:
From Interstate 26 North,take Route 19 East towards Burnsville,then Route 19W North to Whittington Road,turn right onto
Whittinqt n Roac1 and follow it to the site.
System classifications:
Primary ORC: Certification: Phone:
Secondary ORC(s):
On-Site Representative(s):
24 hour contact name George Cherry Phone: [phone]
Related Permits:
Inspection Date: 01/25/2011 Entry Time: 01:30 PM Exit Time: 02:30 PM
Primary Inspector: Beverly Price Phone:[phone]
Secondary Inspector(s):
Reason for Inspection: Routine Inspection Type:Compliance Evaluation
Permit Inspection Type: Wastewater Recycling
Facility Status: 0 Compliant • Not Compliant
Question Areas:
II Miscellaneous Questions •Treatment II Record Keeping
(See attachment summary)
Page: 1

Permit:WQ0033621 Owner-Facility:Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
Inspection Date: 01/25/2011 Inspection Type:Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit:Routine
Inspection Summary:
The inspection included a tour of the facility and a review of the permit. The facility is well maintained with no discharge to
surface water. However there are several permit conditions that have not been complied with.
The following permit conditions have not been or were not met:
2. Development of a Spill Control Plan
3. Submittal of the Engineer's Certification
4. Forty-eight hour advance notice of start-up operation to the Asheville Regional Office
10. Development of an Operation&Maintenance Plan
18. Installation of a freeboard marker in the recycle pond
22. Development of an inspection log for the facility
•
Page: 2

Permit:WQ0033621 Owner-Facility:Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
Inspection Date: 01/25/2011 Inspection Type:Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit:Routine
Type Yes No NA NE
Reuse(Quality) 0 '
Single Family Spray, LR 0
Lagoon Spray, LR 0
Infiltration System . 0 •
Activated Sludge Spray, LR 0
Activated Sludge Drip,LR 0 -
Activated Sludge Spray, HR 0
Single Family Drip 0
Recycle/Reuse - ■ •
Treatment Yes No NA NE
Are Treatment facilities consistent with those outlined in the current permit? • ❑ ❑ ❑
' Do all treatment units appear to be operational?(if no,note below.) U ❑ ❑ ❑
Comment:. •
Record Keeping V Yes No NA NE
Is a copy of current permit available? 0 • 0 0
Are monitoring reports present: NDMR? 0 0 • 0
NDAR? ❑ ❑ ■ ❑
Are flow rates less than of permitted flow? ■ ❑ ❑ ❑
Are flow rates less than of permitted flow? U 0,, 0 0
Are application rates adhered to? 0 0 • 0
Is GW monitoring being conducted,if required(GW-59s submitted)? 0 0 ■ 0
Are all samples analyzed for all required parameters? V 0 0 ■ 0
Are there any 2L GW quality violations? V ❑ ❑ U ❑
Is GW-59A certification form completed for facility?, 00 .10
Is effluent sampled for same parameters as GW? - .0 0 ■ 0
Do effluent concentrations exceed GW standards? 0 0 ■ 0
Are annual soil reports available? ❑ ❑ ■ ❑ •
#Are PAN records required? ❑ ❑ ■ ❑
#Did last soil report indicate a need for lime? 00 .10
Page: 3

Permit:WQ0033621 Owner-Facility:Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
Inspection Date: 01/25/2011 Inspection Type:Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit:Routine
If so, has it been applied? 0 0 • 0
Are operational logs present? 0 ■ 0 0
Are lab sheets available for review? 0 0 ■ 0
Do lab sheets support data reported on NDMR? 0 0 ■ 0
Do lab sheets support data reported on GW-59s? 0 0 ■ 0
Are Operational and Maintenance records present? 0 ■ 0 0
Were Operational and Maintenance records complete? 0 ■ 0 0
Has permittee been free of public complaints in last 12 months? ■ 0 0 0
Is a copy of the SOC readily available? 0 0 ■ 0
No treatment units bypassed since last inspection? ■ ❑ ❑ ❑
Comment: No Operation & Maintenance Plan.
No inspection logs.
•
Page: 4

ArfA
CPT§
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Beverly Eaves Perdue Charles Wakild, P. E. Dee Freeman
Governor Director Secretary
September 12, 2012.
Samuel Young
Young & McQueen Grading Company Inc. •
25 Crestview Road
Burnsville, NC 28714
SUBJECT: August 29, 2012
Compliance Evaluation Inspection
Fox Mine
Wastewater Recycle System
Permit No: WQ0033621
Yancey County
Dear Mr. Young:
Enclosed please find a copy of the Compliance Evaluation Inspection Form from the
inspection conducted on August 29, 2012. The facility was found to be in Compliance with
permit WQ0033621.
Please refer to the enclosed inspection report for additional observations and comments.
The assistance of Mr. George Cherry was greatly appreciated during the inspection. If you or
your staff have any questions, please call me at [phone].
Sincerely, .
Beverly Price •
Environmental Specialist
Enclosure
cc: George Cherry w/enclosure"
APS Central Files
AQUIFER PROTECTION SECTION—Asheville Regional Office(ARO)
2090 U.S.70 Highway,Swannanoa,NC 28778-8211
Phone:[phone]\FAX:[phone] One
Internet:www.ncwaterquality.orq NorthCarolliina
An Equal Opportunity 1 Affirmative Action Employer Natttrallm

Compliance Inspection Report
Permit: WQ0033621 Effective: 12/30/08 Expiration: 12/31/16 Owner:Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
SOC: Effective: Expiration: Facility: Fox Mine
County: Yancey Whittington Rd
Region: Asheville
Bumsville NC 28714
Contact Person: Samuel Young Title: Phone: [phone]
Directions to Facility:
From Interstate 26 North,take Route 19 East towards Burnsville,then Route 19W North to Whittington Road,turn right onto
Whittinggt n Road and follow it to the site.
System Classifications:
Primary ORC: Certification: Phone:
Secondary ORC(s):
On-Site Representative(s):
24 hour contact name George Cherry Phone: [phone]
On-site representative George Cherry Phone: [phone]
Related Permits:
•
Inspection Date: 08/29/2012 Entry Time: 01:30 PM Exit Time: 02:00 PM
Primary Inspector: Beverly Price ' Phone: [phone]
Secondary Inspector(s):
Reason for Inspection: Routine Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation
Permit Inspection Type: Wastewater Recycling
Facility Status: •Compliant 0 Not Compliant
Question Areas:
Miscellaneous Questions II Treatment Record Keeping
(See attachment summary)
•
Page: 1

Permit: WQ0033621 Owner-Facility: Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
Inspection Date: 08/29/2012 Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit: Routine
Inspection Summary:
The facility shut-down 12/21/11;stone was last washed on 10/5/11.
The minning permit is on hold for now.
Some gravel still on-site.
Some sand from dredging the pond is still on-site.
Most of the equipment is gone.
Freeboard =33inches
A formal request to rescind the recycle permit is required to close out the permit. The residuals(sand)from the gravel
washing operation will not be required to be removed from the recycle ponds as long as the property owner is aware that
this material is being left in the ponds.
•
Page: 2

Permit: WQ0033621 Owner-Facility: Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
Inspection Date: 08/29/2012 Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit: Routine
Type Yes No NA NE -
Infiltration System 0
Reuse(Quality) ❑.
Activated Sludge Spray,LR 0
Single Family Spray, LR 0 -
Lagoon Spray,LR ❑
Activated.Sludge Drip,LR ❑
Activated Sludge Spray, HR • 0
Single Family Drip 0
Recycle/Reuse ■
Treatment Yes No NA NE
Are Treatment facilities consistent with those outlined in the current permit? ■ ❑ ❑ ❑
•
Do all treatment units appear to be operational?(if no,note below.) ■ ❑ .❑ ❑
Comment:
Record Keeping Yes No NA NE
Is a copy of current permit available? • ❑ ❑ ❑
Are monitoring reports present: NDMR? ❑ ❑ U 0
NDAR? ❑ ❑ ■ ❑ •
Are flow rates less than of permitted flow? ■ ❑ ❑ ❑
Are flow rates less than of permitted flow? U ❑ ❑ ❑
Are application rates adhered to? ❑ ❑ E ❑
Is GW monitoring being conducted,if required(GW-59s submitted)? 0 0 ■ 0
Are all samples analyzed for all required parameters? 0011 0
Are there any 2L GW quality violations? ❑ ❑ '11 0
Is GW-59A certification form completed for facility? 0 0 • 0 •
Is effluent sampled for same parameters as GW? 0 0 ■ 0
Do effluent concentrations exceed GW standards? 0 0 ■ 0
Are annual soil reports available? ❑ ❑ 110
#Are PAN records required? 0 0 • 0
#Did last soil report indicate a need for lime? 0 0 ■ 0
Page: 3

Permit: WQ0033621 Owner-Facility: Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
Inspection Date: 08/29/2012 Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit: Routine
If so, has it been applied? 0 0 • 0
Are operational logs present? • 000
Are lab sheets available for review? 0 0 ■ 0
Do lab sheets support data reported on NDMR? 0 0 • 0
Do lab sheets support data reported on GW-59s? 0 0 • 0
Are Operational and Maintenance records present? ■ n n 0
Were Operational and Maintenance records complete? ■ n n n
Has permittee been free of public complaints in last 12 months? ■ n ❑ n
Is a copy of the SOC readily available? 0 0 ■ 0
No treatment units bypassed since last inspection? ■ Q n n
Comment:
Page: 4

Compliance Inspection Report
Permit: WQ0033621 Effective: 12/30/08 Expiration: 12/31/16 Owner: Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
SOC: Effective: Expiration: Facility: Fox Mine
County:Yancey Whittington Rd
Region: Asheville
Bumsville NC 28714
Contact Person: Nikki B Street Title: Phone:[phone] _
Directions to Facility:
From Interstate 26 North,take Route 19 East towards Bumsville,then.Route 19W North to Whittington Road,turn right onto ,
Whittin t n Roafl and follow it to the site.
system classifications: -
Primary ORC: • . Certification: Phone: . •
Secondary ORC(s):
On-Site Representative(s): V
On-site representative George Cherry Phone: [phone]
Related Permits:
Inspection Date: 04/07/2011 Entry Time: 02:00 PM Exit Time:,02:30 PM
Primary Inspector: Beverly Price Phone:.[phone]
Secondary Inspector(s):.
Reason for Inspection: Follow-up `Inspection Type:Compliance Evaluation _
Permit Inspection Type: Wastewater Recycling
Facility Status: ■Compliant 0 Not Compliant
Question Areas:
Miscellaneous.Questions
(See attachment summary) V
. 1
Page: 1 •

Permit:WQ0033621 Owner-Facility:Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
Inspection Date: 04/07/2011 Inspection Type:Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit:Follow-up
Inspection Summary:
. An NOV(NOV-2011-PC-0074)was issued to this facility following the Compliance Inspection on 1/25/2011. A written
response to the NOV was received in the Asheville Regional Office on 3/1/2011. George Cherry(Young&McQueen
Grading Co.) requested a follow-up site visit.All items listed in the NOV had been addressed: Spill Control Plan
implemented, Engineer's Certification submitted, Operation &Maintenance Plan implemented, Freeboard Marker
installed, Inspection Log implemented.
Type Yes No NA NE
Single Family Spray, LR
Reuse(Quality) 0
Infiltration System
Lagoon Spray, LR 0
Activated Sludge Drip, LR �
Activated Sludge Spray, HR 0
Activated Sludge Spray, LR
Recycle/Reuse
Single Family Drip 0
•
•
Page: 2

-
+� -..�---�' :fi•- may., ,�
. r0
�
a � r
11,
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Resources
Water Quality Programs
Pat McCrory Thomas A. Reeder John E. Skvarla, Ill
Governor • Director Secretary
October 4, 2013
•
Samuel Young, Owner
Young & McQueen Grading Compahy Inc.
25 Crestview Road
Burnsville, NC 28714
SUBJECT: September 24, 2013
• Compliance Evaluation Inspection
Fox Mine
Wastewater Recycle System
Permit No: WQ0033621
Yancey County
Dear Mr. Young:
Enclosed please find a copy of the Compliance Evaluation Inspection Form from the inspection conducted on
September 24, 2013.
According to Mr. George Cherry, you would like to rescind the subject permit. One recycle pond has already been
closed out by the property owner. One pond remains on the site. Since the remaining pond was only used in the
recycling of water associated with stone washing, it can remain intact without closure.as long as the property owner
is in agreement with this approach. A letter requesting rescission of the permit should be submitted to the following
address:
NC DENR
Division of Water Resources
Aquifer Protection Section
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh NC 27699-1617
Attn: Jon Risgaard
The assistance of Mr. George Cherry was greatly appreciated during the inspection. If you or your staff have any
questions, please call me at(828) 296-4685.
Sincerely,
Beverly Price
Environmental Specialist
Enclosure
cc: WQ Central Files
WQ Asheville Filesu
WATER QUALITY SECTION .
North Carolina Division of Water Resources—Asheville Regional Office
2090 U.S.Highway 70,Swannanoa,N•C, 28778
Phone[phone]
FAX [phone]
Internet: h2o.enr.state.nc.us
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer

Compliance Inspection Report
Permit: WO0033621 Effective: 12/30/08 Expiration: 12/31/16 Owner: Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
SOC: Effective: Expiration: Facility: Fox Mine
County: Yancey Whittington Rd
Region: Asheville
Burnsville NC 28714 '
Contact Person: George Cherry. Title: Phone: [phone]
Directions to Facility:
From Interstate 26 North,take Route 19 East towards Burnsville,then Route•19W North to Whittington Road,turn right onto
Whittington Road and follow it to the site.
System Classifications:
Primary ORC: Certification: Phone:
Secondary ORC(s):
On-Site Representative(s):
24 hour contact name George Cherry Phone: [phone]
On-site representative George Cherry Phone: [phone]
Related Permits:
•
Inspection Date: 09/24/2013 Entry Time: 02:30 PM Exit Time: 03:00 PM
Primary Inspector: Beverly Price Phone: [phone]
Secondary Inspector(s):
Reason for Inspection: Routine Inspection Type: Reconnaissance
Permit Inspection Type: Closed-Loop Recycle
•
Facility Status: 0 Compliant Q Not Compliant
Question Areas:
111 Miscellaneous Questions
(See attachmentsummary)
Page: 1

Permit: WQ0033621 Owner-Facility: Young&McQueen Grading Company Inc
Inspection Date: 09/24/2013 Inspection Type: Reconnaissance Reason for Visit: Routine
Inspection Summary:
This facility is no longer in operation. One of the two recycle ponds has been filled in by the property owner. The recycle
ponds only contained sediment/water from washing stone. The remaining pond will not be required to be closed as long
as the property owner is agreeable to leaving it as is.
A written request to rescind the permit should be submitted to the attention of Ed Hardee in the central office.
Page: 2

•
®®®®
NC
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Resources
Water Quality Programs
Pat McCrory Thomas A. Reeder John E. Skvarla, Ill
Governor Director - Secretary
November 20,2013
•
Samuel K.Young,President
Young&McQueen Grading Company,Inc.
25 Crest View Road
Burnsville,NC 28714
Subject: Permit No. WQ0033621
Permit Rescission
Fox Mine
Closed-Loop Recycle Permit
Yancey County
Dear Mr.Young:
Reference is made to your written rescission request received October 18, 2013 for the subject
Closed-Loop Recycle permit. Staff from the Asheville Regional Office has confirmed that the subject
permit is no longer required. Therefore, in accordance with your request, Permit No.WQ0033621 is
rescinded,effective immediately.
If in the future you wish again to operate the subject non-discharge system, you must first apply
for and receive a new Closed-Loop Recycle permit. Please be advised that construction and/or operation
of the subject facilities without a valid permit is a violation of North Carolina General Statute §143-215.1
and may subject the owner/operator to appropriate enforcement actions in accordance with North
Carolina General Statute §143-215.6A-6C. Civil penalties of up to $25,000 per day per violation may be
assessed for failure to secure a permit required by North Carolina General Statute §143-215.1.
If you need additional information concerning this letter, please contact Ed Hardee at(919) 807-
6319 or [e-mail].
• Sincerely,
Thomas A.Reeder
cc: Yancey County Healt_ Department
afeville RegionaliOffiee
Beth Buffington,Public Water Supply Section—Protection and Enforcement Branch
Division of Water Resources Budget Office ,
Permit File WQ0033621
Notebook File WQ0033621- RECEIVED
WATER QUALITY SECTION
1636 Mail Service Ce NG ter,l Rai a gh,North Carolina 27699-1636 V 2013
Location:512 N.Salisbury St.,Raleigh,North Carolina 27604
Phone:[phone] FAX:[phone]
Internet:www.ncwaterpuality.orq Asheville Regional Office
A u+ferlydecrn
An Equal Opportunity\Affirmative Action Employer

ENDER: COMPLETE THIS SECTION COMPLETE THIS SECTION ON DELIVERY
• iii
Iete items 1,2,and 3.Also complete A. Signature
i if Restricted Delivery Is desired.: El Agent
ii�/
• your name and address on the reverse. 4 i'7 - G' 0 Addressee
so that we can return the card to you. B -eceived by(Printed Name) C.'Date of'Deliven
• Attach this card to the back of the mailpiece, I i.�
or on the front if space permits. �ir P/I'1 ' CGt-fi� 3
1. Article.Addressed to: D. Is delivery address different from item 1? 0 Yes
, / ' If YES,enter delivery address below: 0 No
jy} Mr.Samuel Young,President
Young&McQueen Grading Company,Inc.
w? 25 Crest view Road -- ,=
'Burnsville,NC 28714
9:
3. Service Type
gCertified Mail ❑Express Mail
Registered ,RI?Return Receipt for MerchandisE
❑Insured Mail 0 C.O.D.
4.. Restricted Delivery?(Extra Fee) 0 Yes
2. Article Numb EI t 7p'09 [1'g$`0 0p00 7r5]ri4 ►845.1 'js s 'j WPV--X0\t pC'°07i
(transfer frorl ( -'sZ (E
S Form 3811,February 2004 Domestic Return Receipt 102595-02-M-154

UNITED STATES 1?9STA1....§AFp/19 ,„... First-Class Mail
• "4"`-'2-;. --4";-: cz• , Postage&Fee id
USPS
APerirjitAP-1-1.,
•.•k, '
• Sender: Please prin your name, address, and ZIP+4 in this box •
a)
0 0
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' /NCDENR
.° 5 Aquifer Protection Section
5"- 2090U▪ c) e- U.S. 70 Hwy
▪ crat cc 85 Swannanoa, NC 28778-8211
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