20201004 Ver 1_4-Soil_Report_20200804

United States
Department of
Agriculture
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Transylvania
County, North
Carolina
Slusher Tract
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
January 13, 2020
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
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alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call [phone] (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.
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Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................2
Soil Map..................................................................................................................5
Soil Map................................................................................................................6
Legend..................................................................................................................7
Map Unit Legend..................................................................................................8
Map Unit Descriptions..........................................................................................9
Transylvania County, North Carolina...............................................................11
121D—Saunook loam, high precipitation, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony..11
393E—Chestnut-Edneyville complex, high precipitation, 30 to 50
percent slopes, stony............................................................................12
722D—Chandler gravelly fine sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes,
stony.....................................................................................................14
761E—Porters-Unaka complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony.................16
793E—Ashe-Edneyville complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, very rocky......18
AeE—Chestnut-Edneyville complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony..........21
AeF—Chestnut-Edneyville complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony..........23
AhG—Ashe-Chestnut complex, high precipitation, 50 to 95 percent
slopes, very rocky.................................................................................25
AnE—Ashe-Edneyville complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, rocky................27
AnF—Ashe-Edneyville complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, very rocky........29
AuA—Augusta fine sandy loam, cool variant, 1 to 4 percent slopes,
rarely flooded........................................................................................31
BvC—Braddock loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes.............................................32
BvE—Brevard loam, 10 to 25 percent slopes.............................................34
CdE—Chandler-Micaville complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony............35
CeG—Chandler-Micaville complex, 50 to 95 percent slopes, stony...........36
CfF—Chandler-Micaville complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony.............38
DeB—Dillard loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded............................40
FaE—Fannin fine sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes..............................42
HcE3—Hayesville clay loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, moderately
eroded...................................................................................................43
St—Ashe-Cleveland-Rock outcrop complex, 30 to 95 percent slope,
very bouldery........................................................................................44
TeE—Tate fine sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes..................................46
To—Cullowhee-Ela complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded..47
TsD—Saunook loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes..............................................49
TsE—Saunook loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony..................................50
TuE—Toecane-Tusquitee complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, very
bouldery................................................................................................51
TuF—Toecane-Tusquitee complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, very
bouldery................................................................................................53
WaE—Watauga loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes...........................................54
WaF—Watauga sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony......................55
References............................................................................................................57
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Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Map
388320038835003883800388410038844003884700388500038853003885600388320038835003883800388410038844003884700388500038853003885600315400 315700 316000 316300 316600 316900 317200
315400 315700 316000 316300 316600 316900 317200
35° 5' 51'' N 83° 1' 35'' W35° 5' 51'' N83° 0' 15'' W35° 4' 24'' N
83° 1' 35'' W35° 4' 24'' N
83° 0' 15'' WN
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 17N WGS84
0 500 1000 2000 3000
Feet
0 150 300 600 900
Meters
Map Scale: 1:13,000 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Soil Map Unit Lines
Soil Map Unit Points
Special Point Features
Blowout
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
Gravel Pit
Gravelly Spot
Landfill
Lava Flow
Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
Sodic Spot
Spoil Area
Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Wet Spot
Other
Special Line Features
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Aerial Photography
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:12,000.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Transylvania County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 18, Sep 16, 2019
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Feb 6, 2016—Oct 26,
2017
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
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Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
121D Saunook loam, high
precipitation, 15 to 30 percent
slopes, stony
1.8 0.4%
393E Chestnut-Edneyville complex,
high precipitation, 30 to 50
percent slopes, stony
7.0 1.5%
722D Chandler gravelly fine sandy
loam, 15 to 30 percent
slopes, stony
0.0 0.0%
761E Porters-Unaka complex, 30 to
50 percent slopes, stony
0.1 0.0%
793E Ashe-Edneyville complex, 30 to
50 percent slopes, very rocky
1.3 0.3%
AeE Chestnut-Edneyville complex,
15 to 30 percent slopes,
stony
11.0 2.4%
AeF Chestnut-Edneyville complex,
30 to 50 percent slopes,
stony
11.3 2.4%
AhG Ashe-Chestnut complex, high
precipitation, 50 to 95 percent
slopes, very rocky
0.0 0.0%
AnE Ashe-Edneyville complex, 15 to
30 percent slopes, rocky
16.1 3.5%
AnF Ashe-Edneyville complex, 30 to
50 percent slopes, very rocky
22.1 4.8%
AuA Augusta fine sandy loam, cool
variant, 1 to 4 percent slopes,
rarely flooded
47.3 10.2%
BvC Braddock loam, 8 to 15 percent
slopes
14.5 3.1%
BvE Brevard loam, 10 to 25 percent
slopes
5.7 1.2%
CdE Chandler-Micaville complex, 15
to 30 percent slopes, stony
22.9 4.9%
CeG Chandler-Micaville complex, 50
to 95 percent slopes, stony
54.5 11.7%
CfF Chandler-Micaville complex, 30
to 50 percent slopes, stony
14.6 3.1%
DeB Dillard loam, 1 to 5 percent
slopes, rarely flooded
13.4 2.9%
FaE Fannin fine sandy loam, 15 to
30 percent slopes
14.0 3.0%
HcE3 Hayesville clay loam, 15 to 30
percent slopes, moderately
eroded
8.0 1.7%
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Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
St Ashe-Cleveland-Rock outcrop
complex, 30 to 95 percent
slope, very bouldery
16.5 3.5%
TeE Tate fine sandy loam, 15 to 30
percent slopes
21.9 4.7%
To Cullowhee-Ela complex, 0 to 3
percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
37.7 8.1%
TsD Saunook loam, 8 to 15 percent
slopes
15.2 3.3%
TsE Saunook loam, 15 to 30 percent
slopes, stony
22.5 4.8%
TuE Toecane-Tusquitee complex, 15
to 30 percent slopes, very
bouldery
12.7 2.7%
TuF Toecane-Tusquitee complex, 30
to 50 percent slopes, very
bouldery
1.8 0.4%
WaE Watauga loam, 15 to 30 percent
slopes
44.2 9.5%
WaF Watauga sandy loam, 30 to 50
percent slopes, stony
26.8 5.8%
Totals for Area of Interest 465.0 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
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are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
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Transylvania County, North Carolina
121D—Saunook loam, high precipitation, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2xpcm
Elevation: 1,420 to 4,720 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Saunook, stony, and similar soils: 89 percent
Minor components: 11 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Saunook, Stony
Setting
Landform: Coves, drainageways, fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 10 inches: loam
Bt - 10 to 34 inches: clay loam
BC - 34 to 44 inches: cobbly fine sandy loam
C - 44 to 80 inches: very cobbly fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Cullasaja, extremely bouldery
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
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Landform: Drainageways, coves, fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Whiteside
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Drainageways, fans, coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
393E—Chestnut-Edneyville complex, high precipitation, 30 to 50 percent
slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2t2y7
Elevation: 2,120 to 4,920 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 84 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Chestnut and similar soils: 50 percent
Edneyville and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Chestnut
Setting
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, crest, side
slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex, linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from muscovite-biotite gneiss and/or biotite
gneiss that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 29 inches: fine sandy loam
Cr - 29 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
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Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Edneyville
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, mountaintop, side slope,
crest
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from muscovite-biotite gneiss and/or biotite
gneiss that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 25 inches: fine sandy loam
C - 25 to 80 inches: gravelly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Cowee, stony
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
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Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, nose slope,
side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Porters, stony
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Evard, stony
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, crest, side
slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Tuckasegee, very stony
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Toes, drainageways
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Cullasaja, very stony
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Drainageways
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
722D—Chandler gravelly fine sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2q8mk
Elevation: 2,640 to 3,810 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 80 to 90 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
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Map Unit Composition
Chandler, stony, and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Chandler, Stony
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mica schist
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 26 inches: gravelly sandy loam
C - 26 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Edneyville, stony
Percent of map unit: 9 percent
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Chestnut, stony
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Ridges
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
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761E—Porters-Unaka complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2q8kw
Elevation: 2,250 to 5,030 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 65 to 95 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Porters, stony, and similar soils: 50 percent
Unaka, stony, and similar soils: 30 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Porters, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from muscovite-biotite gneiss and/or biotite
gneiss that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
A - 0 to 9 inches: loam
Bw - 9 to 46 inches: gravelly loam
C - 46 to 54 inches: gravelly sandy loam
R - 54 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00
to 0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
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Description of Unaka, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from muscovite-biotite gneiss and/or biotite
gneiss that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
A - 0 to 9 inches: loam
Bw - 9 to 27 inches: gravelly loam
Cr - 27 to 31 inches: weathered bedrock
R - 31 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 35 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 40 inches
to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00
to 0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Plott, stony
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, upper third of mountainflank,
side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Cullasaja, very stony
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Rockfalls, drainageways
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
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Tuckasegee, very stony
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Drainageways, toes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Edneyville, stony
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, mountaintop,
side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Chestnut, stony
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
793E—Ashe-Edneyville complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, very rocky
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2q1ww
Elevation: 1,860 to 5,040 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 65 to 95 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Ashe, very rocky, and similar soils: 55 percent
Edneyville, very rocky, and similar soils: 30 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Ashe, Very Rocky
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope, shoulder
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Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, mountaintop,
side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss that is affected by
soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
A - 0 to 4 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
Bw - 4 to 21 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
C - 21 to 29 inches: gravelly loamy fine sand
R - 29 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00
to 0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Edneyville, Very Rocky
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, mountaintop,
side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss that is affected by
soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 43 inches: fine sandy loam
C - 43 to 80 inches: gravelly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.7 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
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Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Buladean, very rocky
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Cullasaja, very stony
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Rockfalls, drainageways
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Tuckasegee, very stony
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Drainageways, toes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Cleveland, very rocky
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
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AeE—Chestnut-Edneyville complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2lbtk
Elevation: 1,160 to 3,810 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 48 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Chestnut, stony, and similar soils: 50 percent
Edneyville, stony, and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Chestnut, Stony
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from biotite gneiss and/or gneiss
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 29 inches: fine sandy loam
Cr - 29 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Description of Edneyville, Stony
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from biotite gneiss and/or gneiss
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 25 inches: fine sandy loam
C - 25 to 80 inches: gravelly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (2.00 to 6.00
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Buladean, stony
Percent of map unit: 9 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Ashe, very stony
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
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AeF—Chestnut-Edneyville complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7c6
Elevation: 1,160 to 2,740 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 48 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Chestnut, stony, and similar soils: 70 percent
Edneyville, stony, and similar soils: 20 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Chestnut, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from biotite gneiss and/or gneiss that is
affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 29 inches: fine sandy loam
Cr - 29 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
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Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Edneyville, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from biotite gneiss and/or gneiss affected
by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 25 inches: fine sandy loam
C - 25 to 80 inches: gravelly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (2.00 to 6.00
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Buladean, stony
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Tate, stony
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Toes on coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Greenlee, extremely stony
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
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Landform: Drainageways on coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Ashe, very rocky
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, mountaintop,
side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Hydric soil rating: No
AhG—Ashe-Chestnut complex, high precipitation, 50 to 95 percent
slopes, very rocky
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2vx2l
Elevation: 1,110 to 3,830 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 44 to 83 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Ashe, high precipitation, very rocky, and similar soils: 50 percent
Chestnut, high precipitation, very rocky, and similar soils: 35 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Ashe, High Precipitation, Very Rocky
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Coarse lamy residuum weathered from granite and gneiss that is
affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A1 - 1 to 4 inches: fine sandy loam
A2 - 4 to 8 inches: sandy loam
Bw - 8 to 26 inches: sandy loam
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C - 26 to 31 inches: sandy loam
R - 31 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 50 to 95 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Chestnut, High Precipitation, Very Rocky
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Coarse lamy residuum weathered from granite and gneiss that is
affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
A - 0 to 4 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
Bw - 4 to 15 inches: sandy loam
C - 15 to 35 inches: sandy loam
Cr - 35 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 50 to 95 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Minor Components
Edneyville, high precipitation
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, upper third of mountainflank,
crest, free face
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Hydric soil rating: No
AnE—Ashe-Edneyville complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, rocky
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7c2
Elevation: 3,750 to 4,550 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Ashe, rocky, and similar soils: 45 percent
Edneyville, rocky, and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 2 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Ashe, Rocky
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
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Bw - 5 to 21 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
C - 21 to 29 inches: gravelly loamy fine sand
R - 29 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00
to 0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Edneyville, Rocky
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 43 inches: fine sandy loam
C - 43 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
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Minor Components
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
AnF—Ashe-Edneyville complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, very rocky
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2lbmr
Elevation: 3,750 to 4,550 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Ashe, very rocky, and similar soils: 45 percent
Edneyville, very rocky, and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 7 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Ashe, Very Rocky
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 21 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
C - 21 to 29 inches: gravelly loamy fine sand
R - 29 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00
to 0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
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Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Edneyville, Very Rocky
Setting
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 5 to 43 inches: fine sandy loam
C - 43 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.7 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
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AuA—Augusta fine sandy loam, cool variant, 1 to 4 percent slopes,
rarely flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7cb
Elevation: 1,840 to 3,720 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 90 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained
Map Unit Composition
Augusta, rarely flooded, and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Augusta, Rarely Flooded
Setting
Landform: Depressions on stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium and/or colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic
rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 9 inches: fine sandy loam
Bt - 9 to 19 inches: clay loam
Btg - 19 to 60 inches: clay loam
Cg - 60 to 80 inches: coarse sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 4 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 12 to 24 inches
Frequency of flooding: Rare
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
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Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Hemphill, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on stream terraces
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
BvC—Braddock loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7cj
Elevation: 1,530 to 2,130 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Braddock and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Braddock
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces on river valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Old alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: loam
Bt - 9 to 48 inches: clay
BC - 48 to 80 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
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Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Braddock, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 9 percent
Landform: Stream terraces on river valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Drainageways on stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Urban land
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Dillard
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Drainageways on stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Udorthents
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Lonon
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Drainageways on stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope, tread
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
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BvE—Brevard loam, 10 to 25 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7cf
Elevation: 1,840 to 3,720 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 90 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Brevard and similar soils: 90 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Brevard
Setting
Landform: Drainageways on mountain slopes, fans on mountain slopes, coves on
mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 4 inches: loam
Bt - 4 to 76 inches: clay loam
C - 76 to 80 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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CdE—Chandler-Micaville complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7cm
Elevation: 2,600 to 3,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Chandler, stony, and similar soils: 50 percent
Micaville, stony, and similar soils: 30 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Chandler, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mica schist and/or micaceous gneiss
and/or other micaceous metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 inches: gravelly loam
Bw - 3 to 26 inches: gravelly sandy loam
C - 26 to 80 inches: loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
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Description of Micaville, Stony
Setting
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mica schist and/or micaceous gneiss
and/or other micaceous metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 inches: channery coarse sandy loam
Bw - 3 to 37 inches: channery coarse sandy loam
C - 37 to 51 inches: gravelly sandy loam
Cr - 51 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
CeG—Chandler-Micaville complex, 50 to 95 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7cn
Elevation: 2,600 to 3,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Chandler, stony, and similar soils: 50 percent
Micaville, stony, and similar soils: 30 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Custom Soil Resource Report
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Description of Chandler, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from mica schist and/or micaceous gneiss and/or other micaceous
metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 inches: gravelly loam
Bw - 3 to 26 inches: gravelly sandy loam
C - 26 to 80 inches: loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 50 to 95 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Micaville, Stony
Setting
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from mica schist and/or micaceous gneiss and/or other micaceous
metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 inches: channery coarse sandy loam
Bw - 3 to 37 inches: channery coarse sandy loam
C - 37 to 51 inches: gravelly sandy loam
Cr - 51 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 50 to 95 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
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Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
CfF—Chandler-Micaville complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7cl
Elevation: 2,600 to 3,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Chandler, stony, and similar soils: 50 percent
Micaville, stony, and similar soils: 30 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Chandler, Stony
Setting
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from mica schist and/or micaceous gneiss and/or other micaceous
metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 inches: gravelly loam
Bw - 3 to 26 inches: gravelly sandy loam
C - 26 to 80 inches: loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
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Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Micaville, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from mica schist and/or micaceous gneiss and/or other micaceous
metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 inches: channery coarse sandy loam
Bw - 3 to 37 inches: channery coarse sandy loam
C - 37 to 51 inches: gravelly sandy loam
Cr - 51 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
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DeB—Dillard loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7cv
Elevation: 1,750 to 2,340 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Dillard, rarely flooded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Dillard, Rarely Flooded
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: loam
Bt - 7 to 50 inches: clay loam
BCg - 50 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: Rare
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
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Minor Components
Dillard, rarely flooded eroded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Toes
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Cullowhee, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Rosman, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Reddies, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Hemphill, undrained
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Microfeatures of landform position: Swales
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Custom Soil Resource Report
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FaE—Fannin fine sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7cx
Elevation: 1,690 to 2,600 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Fannin and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Fannin
Setting
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mica schist and/or micaceous gneiss
and/or other micaceous metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 7 inches: fine sandy loam
Bt - 7 to 21 inches: sandy clay loam
C - 21 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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HcE3—Hayesville clay loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, moderately eroded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7d2
Elevation: 1,790 to 2,280 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Hayesville, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Hayesville, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from hornblende gneiss and/or amphibolite
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 6 inches: clay loam
Bt - 6 to 33 inches: clay loam
BC - 33 to 45 inches: loam
C - 45 to 80 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Minor Components
Cowee, stony
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Hillslopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Fannin
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Landform: Hillslopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Urban land
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
St—Ashe-Cleveland-Rock outcrop complex, 30 to 95 percent slope, very
bouldery
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2lc0n
Elevation: 1,400 to 5,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Ashe, very bouldery, and similar soils: 30 percent
Cleveland, very bouldery, and similar soils: 26 percent
Rock outcrop: 25 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Ashe, Very Bouldery
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Free face
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
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Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 6 inches: very gravelly sandy loam
Bw - 6 to 21 inches: gravelly sandy loam
C - 21 to 32 inches: gravelly sandy loam
R - 32 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 95 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00
to 0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Cleveland, Very Bouldery
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Free face
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 7 inches: gravelly sandy loam
Bw - 7 to 14 inches: gravelly loam
R - 14 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 95 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00
to 0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.1 inches)
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Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Rock Outcrop
Setting
Parent material: Granite and gneiss
Typical profile
R - 0 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Depth to restrictive feature: 0 inches to lithic bedrock
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00
to 0.01 in/hr)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 0.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8s
Hydric soil rating: No
TeE—Tate fine sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7dn
Elevation: 2,050 to 3,200 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 42 to 50 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Tate and similar soils: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Tate
Setting
Landform: Coves, fans, drainageways
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: loam
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Bt - 7 to 46 inches: clay loam
C - 46 to 80 inches: cobbly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
To—Cullowhee-Ela complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7ds
Elevation: 1,700 to 4,070 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Cullowhee, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 50 percent
Ela, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Cullowhee, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over gravelly and cobbly sandy alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 13 inches: fine sandy loam
C - 13 to 23 inches: loamy sand
Ab - 23 to 35 inches: loamy sand
C' - 35 to 80 inches: extremely gravelly sand
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Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Ela, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 15 inches: silt loam
Cg - 15 to 28 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
2Cg - 28 to 80 inches: extremely cobbly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained
Runoff class: Negligible
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: Occasional
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Minor Components
Dillard, rarely flooded
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
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Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Reddies, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Drainageways on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Toes
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Dellwood, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Drainageways on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
TsD—Saunook loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7dw
Elevation: 1,500 to 4,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Saunook and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Saunook
Setting
Landform: Coves on mountain slopes, fans on mountain slopes, drainageways on
mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
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Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 8 inches: loam
Bt - 8 to 50 inches: clay loam
BC - 50 to 80 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
TsE—Saunook loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7dv
Elevation: 1,500 to 4,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Saunook, stony, and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Saunook, Stony
Setting
Landform: Coves on mountain slopes, fans on mountain slopes, drainageways on
mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Lower third of mountainflank, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
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Typical profile
A - 0 to 9 inches: loam
Bt1 - 9 to 28 inches: loam
Bt2 - 28 to 34 inches: cobbly loam
BC - 34 to 80 inches: cobbly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
TuE—Toecane-Tusquitee complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, very
bouldery
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7dx
Elevation: 2,400 to 4,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 54 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Toecane, very bouldery, and similar soils: 50 percent
Tusquitee, very bouldery, and similar soils: 40 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Toecane, Very Bouldery
Setting
Landform: Coves, fans, drainageways
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Cobbly and stony colluvium derived from igneous and
metamorphic rock
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Typical profile
A - 0 to 8 inches: cobbly loam
Bt1 - 8 to 24 inches: very cobbly loam
Bt2 - 24 to 30 inches: very cobbly sandy loam
C - 30 to 80 inches: extremely cobbly loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Tusquitee, Very Bouldery
Setting
Landform: Coves, fans, drainageways
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 8 inches: gravelly loam
Bw - 8 to 48 inches: loam
C - 48 to 80 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
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TuF—Toecane-Tusquitee complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes, very
bouldery
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7dy
Elevation: 2,400 to 4,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 54 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Toecane, very bouldery, and similar soils: 55 percent
Tusquitee, very bouldery, and similar soils: 35 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Toecane, Very Bouldery
Setting
Landform: Coves, fans, drainageways
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Cobbly and stony colluvium derived from igneous and
metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 8 inches: cobbly loam
Bt1 - 8 to 24 inches: very cobbly loam
Bt2 - 24 to 30 inches: very cobbly sandy loam
C - 30 to 80 inches: extremely cobbly loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
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Description of Tusquitee, Very Bouldery
Setting
Landform: Drainageways, coves, fans
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 8 inches: gravelly loam
Bw - 8 to 48 inches: loam
C - 48 to 80 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
WaE—Watauga loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7f0
Elevation: 1,400 to 4,500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Watauga and similar soils: 95 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Watauga
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
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Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mica schist and/or micaceous gneiss
and/or other micaceous metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 8 inches: loam
Bt - 8 to 28 inches: sandy clay loam
C - 28 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
WaF—Watauga sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2l7f1
Elevation: 1,200 to 4,500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Watauga, stony, and similar soils: 75 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Watauga, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
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Parent material: Affected by soil creep in the upper solum over residuum
weathered from mica schist and/or micaceous gneiss and/or other micaceous
metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: sandy loam
Bt - 5 to 58 inches: sandy clay loam
C1 - 58 to 87 inches: coarse sandy loam
C2 - 87 to 99 inches: loamy coarse sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
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home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
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United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf
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