20070534 Ver 1_Application_20070326

200'0534
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t Town o Wilkesboro.
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Creek Stabilization and
w Riparian Enhancement Project
2007
1000
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Prepared by. - ? ? ---
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I' . Environmental Consultants Inc.
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828-265-4425 162 Helen Court
Mobile: [phone] Boone, NC 28607 1
Expertise - Service - Experience
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March 7, 2007
TOWN OF WILKESBORO
' Ah~ 1Ae a ?agnd Xecfrin, "
P.O. Box 1056 • 203 West Main Street
Wilkesboro, North Carolina 28697
www.wilkesboronorthcarolina.com
Phone [phone] • Fax [phone]
Ashville Regulatory Field Office
United States Army Corps of Engineers
151 Patton Avenue
Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-5006
To Whom It May Concern:
20470534
Please accept this letter as an authorization for Blue Ridge Environmental Consultants
Inc. and its employees to be signatory agents in all matters related to environmental
permitting applications for the Cub Creek Project.
Thank You,
Kenneth D. Noland
Town Manager
D? [R@E ?
MAR 2 6 2007
uENR - WATER UUALITY
10*71AND1 K4D ST0 ,RMWATER $RMCH
NORMAN CALL KENNETH D. NOLAND JOSEPHINE CASS COUNCILMEN
Mayor Town Manager Town Clerk/Finance Officer JAMES S. HARTLEY
[e-mail] GARY BLEVINS
EVERETT (SKIPPER) SOLOMON
Mayor Pro Tern
MIKE INSCORE
' 2 0 0 7 0 5 3 4
IPA
--
Office Use Only: Form Version March 05
' I USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
' I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
' ® Section 404 Permit ? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
? Section 10 Permit ? Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification ? Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: Nationwide 27
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ?
' 4. If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here: ?
' 5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
' 4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ?
II. Applicant Information D @ 9 0"k\\:fl/ 0: R 2
1. Owner/Applicant Information MAR 2 b 2007
Name: Town of Wilkesboro Ken Noland
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 1056 OF,*
Wilkesboro, NC 28697 N0.Ra5TM1R!A1?R9wwr
Telephone Number: na Fax Number: na
' E-mail Address: na

L

2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: Derek Goddard
Company Affiliation: BREC Inc.
Mailing Address: 162 Helen Court Boone NC 28607
Telephone Number: 828.265.4425 Fax Number:
E-mail Address: brec ncObellsouth.net
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 5 of 13

III. Project Information
' Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
' boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USAGE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
' however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
' the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Cub Creek Streambank Stabilization and Riparian Enhancement Project
' 2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): na
' 3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): 190745-235
4. Location
County: Wilkes Nearest Town: Wilkesboro
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): na
' Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc.): US 421 North to
Wilkesboro. Exit on NC268 West. Travel 2 miles to intersection with Call Street. Project is
.25 miles on the left.
' 5. Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum): 36 089.93 ON 81 09 09.39 °W
' 6. Property size (acres): 55.023
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: Cub Creek
8. River Basin: Yadkin
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
' 9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Urban Park
Updated 11/1/2005
' Page 6 of 13

' 10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: The
proiect seeks to establish a vigorous riparian buffer and decrease the slopes of stream bank to
decelerate erosion and restore dimension patter and profile back to the stream through the use
' of ros en style in stream structures as specified in the plans.
' 11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: Wildlife habitat and Erosion Control
IV. Prior Project History
' If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or, obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications, or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
' buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
NA ,G
' V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
NA
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
' It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
' listed separately in the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
' accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 7 of 13

1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: Impacts will be limited to those
that are absolutely necessary to access the stream to stabilize the banks and decrease erosion.
2. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact Type of Wetland
(e.g., forested, marsh,
herbaceous, bog, etc.) Located within
100-year
Floodplain
( es/no) Distance to
Nearest
Stream
(linear feet Area of
Impact
(acres)
NA

Total Wetland Impact (acres)
3. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property:
4. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must be included. To calculate acreage. multiDly leneth X width. then divide by 43.560.
Stream Impact
Number
(indicate on ma)
Stream Name
Type of Impact
Perennial or
Intermittent? Average
Stream Width
Before Impact Impact
Length
(linear feet) Area of
Impact
(acres)
1 Cub Creek Stabilization/enhan
cement/Restoration perennial 10 3000 .688

Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 3000 .688
5. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but are not limited to
fill, excavation, dredging, flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
Open Water Impact Name of Waterbodv Tvpe of Impact Type of Waterbody Area of
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 8 of 13

Site Number
(indicate on ma) (if applicable) (lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay,
ocean, etc.) Impact
(acres)
NA

Total Open Water Impact (acres)
6. List the cumulative impact to all Waters of the U.S. resulting from the project:
Stream Impact (acres): .688
Wetland Impact (acres): 0
Open Water Impact (acres): 0
Total Impact to Waters of the U.S. (acres) 0
Total Stream Impact (linear feet): 3000
7. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? ? Yes ® No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USACE.
8. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
' be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): NA
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
' Current land use in the vicinity of the pond:
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
' VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
' information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
' The project seeks to improve the aquatic resources and will implement strict erosion control
methods to achieve its Goals.
Updated 11/1/2005
' Page 9 of 13

VIII. Mitigation
' DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
' freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
' USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
' including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
' but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
' functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
' If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina (see DWQ website for most current
version.).
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
' description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.

2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
' website at http://www.necep.net/12ages/intieureplace.htm. If use of the NCEEP is proposed,
please check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information:
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 10 of 13

Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land? Yes ® No ?
2. If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ? No
3. If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter. Yes ? No
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
' 1. Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B .0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )? Yes ? No
2. If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
' If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multipliers.
Updated 11/1/2005
I Impact Required
r o.? Multiplier I
Zone* 1--__ I
1 3 (2 for Catawba)
2 1.5
Total
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from the top of the near bank of channel; Zone 2. extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
Page 11 of 13

3. If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e.,
Donation of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, or Payment into the
' Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as identified
within 15A NCAC 213.0242 or.0244, or.0260.
NA
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site. Discuss
stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property. If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level.
NA
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
NA
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
' Yes ? No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application? Yes ? No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
' Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ? No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description:
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
' construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
Updated 11/1/2005
' Page 12 of 13
NC Division of Water Resources Funded Project
y??r _......
?-? March 22 2007
Applicant/Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 13 of 13

Town of Wilkesboro Cub Creek Stabilization and
Riparian Enhancement Project
Table of Contents
1. Agent Authorizations
2. PCN
3. Site Plan
4. NRCS Soil Survey
5. USGS TOPO and Location Map
6. Photo Design Sheets
7. Riparian Buffer
Plan
8. Longitudinal and Cross Sectional Profiles
9. Standard Details
07.0534
Prepared by:
BREC lue Ridge
INC.
Environmental Consultants Inc.
828-265-4425 162 Helen Court
Mobile: [phone] Boone, AIC 28607
Experlise - Service - Experience

Prepared For:
The Town of Wilkesboro, NC
P.O. Box 1056
203 West Main Street
Wilkesboro, NC 28697
336.838.3951
(see PCN and Agent Authorization)
--------- ------
Schedule of Operations
1. Submit plan to NCDWQ, NCWRC, NCDENR, and USACOE
2. Upon approval, complete stabilization techniques
3. Install riparian plantings
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Town of Wilkesboro Cub Creek Stabilization and Notes: N N
Riparian Enhancement Project Site Plan

i M M M M M M M M M M M i M M ! M M M
NRCS SOIL SURVEY
Map unit: ToA - Toccoa sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes,
occasionally flooded Text kind/Category: Nontechnical
description/Map Unit Description
These nearly level, very deep, well drained or moderately
well drained soil are on flood plains. They formed in loamy
alluvial deposits. They have a loamy surface layer and
loamy subsoil. Permeability is moderately rapid and
shrink-swell potential is low. Seasonal high water table is
within a depth of 2.5 to 5.0 feet. This soil is subject to
occasional flooding.
Map unit: UfB - Udorthents-Urban land complex, 1 to 6
percent slopes, rarely flooded Text kindlCategory:
Nontechnical description/Map Unit Description
This map unit consists of Udorthents and Urban land. The
Udorthents consists of areas where the natural soils have
been altered by digging, grading, or filling, to the extent that
individual soil types can no longer be recognized.
These areas consists primarily of borrow areas, fill areas,
or sanitary landfills. The characteristics of the soil material
varies such that interpretive statements can not be made without
an on-site investigation. Urban land consists of areas where
the original soils have been cut, filled, graded, or paved to
the extent that a soil type can no longer be recognized.
These areas are used for shopping centers, factories,
municipal buildings, parking lots, and other urban uses.
This map unit is subject to rare flooding.
m m ® m m m m m m m M m m m m m m M m
USGS 1:24,000 Topographic Map and Location Map
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Environmental Consullanfs Inc.
826265-4425 162 Helen Cwr1
MODMe: 828-964 93 49 Boone, NC 28607
ExperHSe - SenAce - E>?ience

Toe stabilization and
rock structures per
reference reach and
bankful Indicators
(See Details)
Project Limits
-1+3000 Ft.
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1
UTt' Cub Creek
N
A
Left Top of Bank'
Re-slope to 2:1 G?
Mat
Re-vegetate
Entire Left Bank % L
Eradicate Kudzu and
Re-vegetate
V
OF
Re-slope to 2:1
Re-vegetate Project Limits
Both Banks -1+3000 Ft.
Right Top of Bank

B?? hie Rldge
Environmental Consultants Inc.
1
828-265-4425 162 Helen Court
i Mobile: [phone] Boone, NC 28607
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Longitudinal Profile - -r???
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Avg Slope -0.1%
1 Stream Type: b

-25 25 '.5 125 175 225 2175 325 Y55
Station (ft)
SWil Area and Temporary Seeding Requirements
1. 4,000 lbs of agricultural lime per acre
2. 1000 lbs of 10-10-10 fertilizer per acres
3. 100 lbs of tall fescue per acre
4.3000 lbs straw mulch per acre
5.200 Lbs of Annual Rye Grass
6. 25 Lbs of Riparian Mix
Ground Cover Maintenance Requirements
1. Reseed as necessary
2.400 Lbs of 10-10-10 fertilizer per acre per year
3.2000 Lbs of agricultural lime per acre every 3-5 years
Riparian Restoration Specifications
1. No less than a 20 Foot wide buffer will be
established along the affect reach
2. A Minimum density of 320 stems per acre
will be strictly adhered too.
3. Native Bare Root, 1, and 2 gallon species will be installed.
4. To achieve bio-diversity at least 8 different species
from the List included will be installed.
5. 100% coconut or like quality RECP will be installed to
standard detail.
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Native Riparian Species
BARE-ROOT EE N
PLANTING DETAIL
(NOT TO SCALE)
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LIVE STAKE PLANTING DETAIL
(NOT TO 5CALE)
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GOIR MATTING DETAIL
(NOT TO 5GALE)
Aesculus octandia Alnus serrulata Ansaema triphyllum
allow buckeye to alder jack-in-the-pulpit
Betula lenta Amelanchierarborea Asclepias incarnate
cherry birch serviceberry swamp milkweed
Betula nigra Aronia arbutifolia Carex crinata
river birch red rhokeberry fringed sedge
Carya cordiformis Asimina trdoba Carex intumescens
bittemut hickory common a aw bladder sedge
Carya ovate Calycanthus fiondus Carex lupulina
shagbark hicko sweet-shrub hop sed e
Dlospyros virginiana Carpinus caroliniana Carex lunda
persimmon ironwood lurid sedge
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Comus altemifolia alternate leaf Carex scopana
green ash dogwood broom sedge
Halesia carohniana silverbell Comus amomum Carex stncta
silk dogwood tussock sedge
Nyssa sylvatica Corylus americana hazel-nut Carex vulpinoidea
black um fox sedge
Platanus occidentaffs Hamamelis virgoiana Chelone glabra
sycamore witch-hazel turtlehead
Primus serotina Ilex verticilleta Cyperus stngosus
black cherry winter berry umbrella sedge
Salix nigra Leucothoe axdlans doghobble Elymus hystrix
black willow bottlebrush grass
Tilia heterophylle Lindera benzoin spicebush Eupatonum fistulosum
while basswood _ Joe- e-weed
Lyonia lgustrlna Eupatonum perfoliatum
male-berry boneset
Magnolia Mpetala Impatiens capensis
umbrella tree jewel-weed
Physocarpus opulifOWS Juncus effusus
ninebark soft rush
Rhododendron penclymenoides Leersia oryzoides
wild azalea rice cut grass
Rhododendron viscosum Lobelia cardinalis
swamp azalea cardinal flower
Rosa palusins Lobelia siphddica
swarnp rose great blue lobelia
Salix sericea Ludwgia altemifolia
silk willow bush seedbox
Spirea latlfoW Panicum vlrgatum
meadowsweet switch grass
Symplocos tlnctona Polygonum sagdtatum
sweet leaf tearthumb
Viburn um cassinoides Surpus atrovirens
Withe-rod green bulrush
Riparian
Vegetation Plan

Detailed Schematics
TOP OF ROCK SET AT
PROPOSED BANKFULL ELEVATION
FILTER
FABRIC

LOWER-BANK ZONE
now 9NfAE FOOTERS
9A_ BELOW VANE '
DOUBLE FOOTERS ?1 _TM STABILIZAVON BOULDERS
BELOW J-HOOK 2H
STRUCTURE LOCATION AND ELEVATION NOTED
ON PUN SHEETS INDICATES TOP OF CENTER
OAP FOOTER ROCKS
(6-MIN-12- MAX)
NOMMIN ROCK DWNSIONS SHALL BE
4' LENGTH X 2.5' WIDTH X 2' DEPTH
J-HOOK VANE - PLAN
HOT TO SCALE
TYPICAL RIFFLE SECTION
NOT TO SCALE
EXISTING ERODED AND FAILED
CHANNEL BANK (TYP.
OVER-EXCAVATE LOOSE MATERIALS AT TOE
AND BACKFILL WITH COARSE (BED) MATERIAL
If I- FOOTER BOULDERS
NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILE CASING
TOE 5TABILIZATION DETAIL
OIOI A /CAW
CHANNEL BED
GROUND
CL THALWEC
"__j
TYPICAL POOL SECTION
NOF TO SCALE
J
Detailed Schematics
RIGHT BANK
'T BANK
CLASS W OR 'B'
AGGRt6ATE STONE
GEOTOMLE FABRIC
.? yBANKlULL STAGE
. Y ROW OT" ROCK STEF
(OFn0NAII
GEOTzxnLe r CHANNEL
SCOUR FOOL
PROFILE
CRO55 ROCK VANE WITH STEP-POOL DETAIL
PLAN MOT TO 5CALE?
GROUND
GROUND

TYPICAL RIFFLE SECTION
NOT TO SCALE
L.-
TYPICAL POOL SECTION
NOT TO SCALE
J
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
INSTREAM STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED OF ROCK
0T-0534
1) SCOPE
This specification covers the installation of Rock Vanes, J-Hooks, and Cross Vanes at locations
as shown on the construction plans and as directed by the Project Manager.
2) PURPOSE
• Redirect erosive velocities away from streambanks
• Provide aquatic habitat
• Cross Vanes may be used for grade control
3) DEFINITIONS
ROCK VANE - A deflective structure installed pointing upstream, beginning at bankfull sloping
down to the streambed. The angle at which the vane points upstream from the
bank shall be 20-30 degrees. The slope of the top surface of the vane will be 5-7
percent. The vane should extend from the bank to.approximately 1/3 of channel
width.
J-HOOK - A rock vane with a hooked portion on the streambed. The hook provides
additional habitat.
CROSS VANE - A rock vane from both sides of the stream with a connecting bar on the
streambed. If this structure is used for grade control, the existing streambed
elevation may be increased by no more than 10 percent of bankfull, unless a
greater increase is provided for in the approved design.
STREAMBANK - portions of intermittent or perennial streambanks which are eroding at an
accelerated rate due to the effects of stream flow near banks without adequate
vegetative cover and supporting riparian area.
BANKFULL - The stream flow level at which the stream channel is formed and maintained.
The term "bankfull" should not be confused with "the top of the bank". Persons
who have received training in Natural Stream Channel evaluation shall identify
the bankfull elevation.
THALWEG - The deepest part of the channel where the highest channel velocities occur.
1 4) PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

This practice should be applied as a part of a total Natural Stream Channel Restoration design.
These structures are not intended to be a total solution to the streambank erosion problem in
themselves. They are to be used as a component of a total streambank management plan, which
may require a number of associated practices. In some cases modification of the stream
dimension, pattern and profile may be required before structures are installed. The use of rock
structures without considering the stable dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream will most
' likely result in failure.
5) PERMITTING
No work, which is covered by this specification, shall be performed until the Army Corp of
Engineers has issued a Section 404 permit and the Division of Water Quality has issued a
' Section 401 certification (if required). The final construction plans and specifications must be
prepared and approved prior to the beginning of construction.
' 6) EQUIPMENT
• A hydraulic excavator (trackhoe) with a hydraulic "thumb" shall be used to handle and install
t the rocks
• All required safety equipment shall be available during construction. Safety equipment
includes but is not limited to hard hats, gloves, and eye and hearing protection.
' 7) INSTALLATION
• The Project Manager shall place a marker at the point where the last rock of the structure will
meet the streambed. This marker shall be set at a point, which represents the planned angle
The Project Manager should check to
e of the structure
lanned slo
nkf
ll and the
b
f
.
p
p
a
u
rom
see if this point is approximately 1/3 of the total channel width.
• Holes for footer rocks shall be excavated in the streambed at the location, elevation and
' orientation as directed by the Project Manager.
• A footer rock of the size and shape as directed by the engineer shall be installed in the hole.
' Multiple footer rocks may be required, at the discretion of the Project Manager or as
provided for in the approved plan.
• A structure rock of the size and shape as directed by the Project Manager shall be installed on
' top of the footer rock.
• Streambed material will be removed as directed by the Project Manager if it is required to
move the thalweg of the stream to the point of the structure.
• Streambed material shall be placed on the upstream side of the structure near the bank.
• Equipment shall be operated from the streambank whenever possible.
• Equipment which appears to be leaking fluids shall be removed to a safe site away from the
' stream corridor until it is repaired and confirmed that no leaks exist.
1
D
1
07.0534
Riparian Seeding and Planting Guidelines
These guidelines will provide the methods to be used for reestablishing riparian vegetation.
They will include seedbed preparation, nutrient enhancement, temporary seeding, permanent
' seeding, and erosion control. Methodology for planting sod mats, live stakes, and trees will also
be presented.
Herbaceous Vegetation
Sod mats
Prior to sloping stream banks within easement areas the sod on these banks will be removed.
' Mats should be deep enough to contain a majority of the roots. These mats should be stockpiled
for later use. After banks are sloped the mats should be placed from the bankfull elevation down
to the normal water line or onto the interberm feature. Mats should be laid as close to one
another as possible and pushed into the under laying soil. Openings between mats should be
filled with soil and seeded with temporary seed mix. Mats should be fertilized at a rate of 25 lbs.
per 1000 sq. ft. and watered using a pump or by dipping water out of the creek with a clean
' track-hoe bucket
' Seed
Seedbed Preparation: On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed shall be
adequately loosened and smoothed. This may require disking and dragging. On sites where
equipment cannot operated safely, the seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to provide
' a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place. If seeding is done immediately following
construction, seedbed preparation may be required only on areas where heavy equipment has
' caused compaction of the ground.
Fertilizing: Evenly distribute lime and fertilizer over the area to be seeded using a tractor
mounted fertilizer spreader or with a hand held fertilizer spreader. Uniformly mix lime and
fertilizer into the top 3 inches of the soil using a drag or hand rake. Where surface materials
are predominately gravel and/or cobble, no incorporation is required. Apply lime and fertilizer
' according to soil test or at the following rates.
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
' Lime 100 tbs. 2 ton
18-46-00 Fertilizer* 12 lbs. 5001bs.
*(half of fertilizer will be applied in fall at planting and other half in spring)
' Seeding:
Temporary seeding - Use where needed for erosion control, when permanent vegetation
cannot be established due to planting season and where temporary ground cover is needed to
' allow native or woody vegetation to become established. Apply the following vegetation at the
listed rates.

' Fall, Winter, and Spring Seeding
' Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Japanese Millet '/2 lb. 201bs.
Winter Wheat 1 lbs. 40 lbs.
Summer Seeding
' Per 1000 s q. ft. Per Acre
Sudangrass 1 lb. 40 lbs.
Browntop Millet 1 lb. 40 lbs.
Permanent Seeding - Use in combination with woody plantings on the up-slope side of
' the riparian area and down to the bankfull elevation. This mixture can be planted at any time but
will do best in spring or late fall. Spring planted seed should be treated with a cold wet chill
process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a lightly sown cool
season annual to hold soil and does not need to be chilled. Seeding should be done evenly over
the area using a mechanical or hand seeder. A drag should be used to cover the seed with no
' more than %2 inch of soil. Where a drag can not safely be utilized the seed should be covered by
hand raking.
' All seasons: WNC Riparian Diversity Mix (as described on the attached sheet)
'/ lb. per 1000 sq. ft. and 10 lbs. per Acre
' Erosion Control: All seeded areas, areas disturbed by heavy equipment, or other areas disturbed
by mitigation activities should be protected from erosion by installation of erosion control
blankets or matting.
' Woody Vegetation
Live stakes (unrooted material)
' Live stake material should be dormant and gathered locally or purchased from a reputable
commercial supplier. Stakes should be 1/2 to 3 inches in diameter and living based on the
presence of young buds and green bark. Stakes should be kept, cool and moist to improve
' survival and to maintain dormancy. Stakes should be driven into the ground using a rubber
hammer or by creating a hole and slipping the stake into it. The ground around the stake should
be firmed against the stake after planting. Stakes should be placed so that 75% of the stake is
below the ground and 2 or 3 buds are above ground. Stakes should be planted on a 2 - 3 foot
spacing and at a density of 160 - 360 stakes per 1000 sq. ft.
' Bare rooted or potted stock
Care and handling: Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug and stored.
These plants should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot
stock should be kept moist during planting operations. Bareroot material should only be
planted during Winter and early Spring. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all
times. Do not let roots freeze or dry out prior to planting.

C

r

Site Preparation: The soil in the area of tree planting should be loosened to a depth of at least 1
foot. This is only necessary on hard compacted soil.
Planting:
On site material - Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally
growing.
Potted stock - Planting should be done mechanically or by hand using a shovel. The planting
trench or hole must be deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down
without J-rooting. Potted stock should be planted in a hole 2-3 times the diameter of the root
ball and at the same depth as the root ball. When setting plants, be certain to plant them high.
Locate the root ball on solid soil and not loose backfill. Wire baskets do not need to be
completely removed from large field grown trees. Be sure to remove plastic liners or synthetic
burlap materials. Construct an earthen dam 4-6 inches high around the drip zone area of the
plant after planting. This will allow for self watering and runoff will be minimized.
Bare rooted stock - Bare rooted material can be planted using a hoedad or a dibble bar (see
diagram below). Planting slits for bare rooted material should be 6-8 inches in diameter and
should be at least 8-12 inches deep. Damaged roots should be trimmed. Plants should be
placed with the root collar slightly below the soil surface. Holes and slits should be closed
completely, including and especially at the bottom of the hole.
Guidelines for Planting Bare-Root Plant§
`,rl tr t? ti:i [>t ?, ?ir??rl?r>tt ?:'a IE ,? t k f
t'rxry-
i A ?P 't 'r;01at'w: T?37[Gitv';t cIE:?C-
ui„.?.hvldF?.
f < <1 <i f'x tr, tipxrlt1.'0 {()t
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aj? i tarnp tt scot to eltmia
atrp?i?ets ?.??fl 1?tl??hlbf',

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t
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Spacing of rooted Woody Vegetation - the following guidelines should be used for spacing
rooted woody vegetation.
Type spacing # per 1000 sq. ft.
Shrubs, less than 10 ft. in height 3 - 6 ft. 27-111
Shrubs and Trees, 10 -25 ft. in height 6 - 8 ft. 15 - 27
Trees greater than 25 ft in height 8 -15 ft. 4-15

Plant List
Herbaceous, permanent seed mixture labeled "WNC Riparian Diversity Mix"
% Common Name Botanical Name
5.00% Sensetive Fern Onoclea sensibillis
2.50% Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium fistulosa
2.50% Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incamata
2.50% Eastern Gamagrass Tripascum dactyloides
5.00% Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovirens
5.00% Hop Sedge Carex lupilina
10.00% Rice Cut Grass Leersia oryzoides
2.50% Soft Rush Juncus effusus
2.50% Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus
2.50% Three Square Spikerush Scirpus americanus
10.00% Va Wild rye Elymus virginicus
10.00% Woolgrass Scirpus cypemus
2.50% Deertongue Panicum clandestinum
5.00% Button Bush Cephalanthus occidentalis
5.00% Elderberry Sambucus canadensis
2.50% Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia
5.00% Silky Dogwood Comus amomuin
2.50% Winterberry Ilex verticillata
2.50% Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica
2.50% Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
2.50% Red Maple Acer rubrum
2.50% Pin Oak Quercus palustris
2.50% Wild Black Cherry Prunus serotina
2.50% Silver Maple Acer saccharium
This mixture was taken from the list of plants that begins on the following page. It was created
from a database compiled by TVA and distributed on CD format as a product called "Banks &
Buffers" (Tennessee Valley Authority. 1996. Banks & Buffers, A guide to selecting native
plants for streambanks and shorelines; Riparian Plant Selector, Version 1.0; Environmental
Research Center and Clean Water Initiative, Muscle Shoals, AL.). As more information
becomes available we will add to this list in an effort to encompass as many riparian species
native to Western North Carolina as possible.
Shrub and tree species listed on the following pages will be planted at mitigation sites as either
live stakes, potted stock, balled stock or bare root stock. These plantings will take place in the
winter or early spring. Spacing suggestions should be used as guidelines, but can be varied
depending on species requirements and landscape objectives. For example species that are
commonly found growing in clumped distributions should be planted that way. It is desirable for
the final distribution of trees and shrubs to have a more natural, random appearance. In order to
accomplish this exact spacing should be avoided and mixing of various species should be done.
4

Plants native to the riparian and wetland areas of Western North Carolina
Type Common Name Scientific Name Flooding Light Wetland pH wildlife region
val.
1 American Pillwort Pilularia americana Reg sun obli 0-7 birds all
1 Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea Irreg to reg Part to shade Fac.wet 0-7 birds all
' 1
1 Netted Chain Fern
Royal Fern Woodwardia areolata
Osmunda regalis seas to reg
seas to reg all
Part to shade obli
obli less
0-7 birds
birds, sm all
all
1 Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis Irreg to reg all facu 0-7 birds all

F
1

n
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
American Lotus
American Pondweed
Arrowhead
Broad-leaf Cattail
Cardinal Flower
Hollow Joe-pye-weed
Narrow-leaf Cattail
Pickerelweed.
Spotted Touch-me-not
Swamp Milkweed
Swamp Rose Mallow
Virginia Blueflag
Water Plantain
Waterwillow
White Waterlily
Yellow Cowlily
Creeping Spikerush
Green Bulrush
Hop Sedge
Rice Cutgrass
River Cane
River Oats
Slender Spikerush
Soft Rush
Softstem Bulrush
Square-stem Spikerush
Three-square Bulrush
Virginia Wildrye
Woolgrass
Bluet
Nelumbo lutea
Potamogeton nodosus
Sagittaria latifolia
Typha latifolia
Lobelia cardinalis
Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus
Typha angustifolia
Pontederia cordata
Impatiens capensis
Asclepias incarnata
Hibiscus moscheutos
Iris virginica
Alisma subcordatum
Justicia americana
Nymphaea odorata
Nuphar luteum
Eleocharis palustris
Scirpus atrovi
Carex lupulina
Leersia oryzoides
Arundinaria gigantea
Chasmanthium latifolium
Eleocharis acicularis
Juncus effusus
Scirpus validus
Eleocharis quadrangulata
Scirpus americanus
Elymus virginicus
Scirpus cyperinus
Houstonia serpyllifolia
reg to perm sun
perm sun
seas-perm sun to shade
seas-perm sun
irreg-seas sun
irreg-seas sun
seas-perm sun
seas-perm sun-part.sh
irreg-seas part.sh
irreg-reg sun-part.sh
seas-reg sun-part.sh
seas-perm sun
seas-perm sun
reg-perm sun-part.sh
reg-perm sun-part.sh
reg-perm sun-part.sh
oblig 0-7 birds,SM all
oblig 7 birds,SM all
oblig all B, Sm all
oblig all B, Sm all
fac.wet 0-7 B, Sm all
facu 0-7 birds all
oblig all B, Sm all
oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
fac.wet 0-7 B, Sm all
oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
oblig 0-7 birds all
oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
seas-perm sun-part. oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
seas-reg sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
seas-reg sun-part. oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
reg-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg-seas sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
seas-perm sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
seas-reg sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
4 Bushy St. Johnswort Hypericum densiflorum irreg-seas sun-part fac.wet 0-7 birds all
4 Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis seas-perm sun-part oblig all B,Sm,Lm all
4 Wild Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens irreg part.-shade fac.upl 0-7 B,Sm all
4 Yellowroot Xanthorhiza simplicissima irreg-seas part.-shade fac.wet 0-7 birds all
5 American Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana irreg part fac upl 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Brookside Alder Alnus serrulata irreg-reg sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
5 Carolina Buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana irreg part fac upl all B,Sm all
5 Carolina Willow Salix caroliniana seas-reg sun-part. oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Common Pawpaw Asiminia triloba irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 Sm all
5 Elderberry Sambucus canadensis irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Silky Dogwood Cornus amomuin irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet all B,Sm all
5 Silky Willow Salix sericea irreg-reg sun-part. oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all

' ll
S Spicebush Lindera benzoin irreg-seas part.-shade fac wet 0-7 birds a
5 Winterberry Ilex verticillata irreg-reg part.-shade fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
' 5 Sweet Azalea Rhododendron arborescens irreg part fac wet acid B,Lm F,H,Lt
5 Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbiense
' ll
6 American Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana irreg-seas all facu acid B,Sm a
6 Eastern Hornbeam Ostrya virginiana irreg part.-shade fac. Upl 0-7 B,Sm all
' 7 Baldcypress Taxodium distichum all sun - part oblig 0-7 birds all
7 Black Walnut Juglans nigra irreg sun - part fac upl 0-7 Sm all

' 7 Black Willow
7 Black
urn Salix nigra
Nyssa sylvatica seas perm
irreg-reg sun
all oblig
oblig-fac 0-7
0-7 B,Sm,Lm
B,Sm,Lm all
all
g
7 Boxelder Acer negundo irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
7 Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 birds all
7 Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica irreg-reg all fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
' 7 Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
7 Persimmon Diospyros virginiana irreg-seas sun - part facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
7 Red Maple Acer rubrum irreg-reg all obli-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
' 7 Red Mulberry Morus rubra irreg-seas part - shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
7 River Birch Betula nigra irreg - seas sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
7 Silver Maple Acer saccharinum irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
7 Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua irreg - reg sun facu 0-7 B,Sm all
' 7 Sycamore Platanus occidentalis irreg - seas sun - part fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
7 American Basswood Tilia americana irreg all fac upl 0-7 B,Sm Ho,F,Lt
7 Eastern Hemlock Tsuga canadensis

Plant Type
Fern or fern allies 1
Em, float, or wed herb 2
' Grass, sedge, or rush 3
Small Shrub 4
Large Shrub 5
Small Tree 6
Large Tree 7

Streamside Herbaceous Vegetation Specifications

The work shall consist of preparing the area, furnishing and placing seed, sprigs, sod mats, mulch,
fertilizer, inoculate, soil amendments and anchoring mulch in the designated areas as specified;
' streambanks, access areas and other areas disturbed by construction activities.
Seedbed Preparation
On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed shall be adequately loosened and smoothed.
Disking or cultipacking or both may be necessary. On sites where equipment cannot operate safely, the
seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to provide a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place.
If seeding is done immediately following construction, seedbed preparation may not be required except on
' compacted, polished or freshly cut areas.
' Fertilizing
Evenly distribute lime and fertilizer over the area to be seeded. Uniformly mix lime and fertilizer into the
top 3 inches of the soil. Where surface materials are predominately gravel and/or cobble, no incorporation
is required. Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil test results or at the following rates.
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Lime 50-100 lbs. 1-2 tons
10-10-10 Fertilizer 9-12 lbs. 4-5001bs.

Sod Mats
Strip and stockpile mats of existing desirable herbaceous vegetation. Insure that several inches of sod
remains attached to the vegetation. The root systems must remain moist while the vegetation is stockpiled.
' Place the mats on the lower bank slopes and anchor in place.
Seeding
Temporary Seeding - Use where needed for erosion and pollution control, when permanent
vegetation cannot be established due to planting season and where temporary ground cover is needed to
allow native or woody vegetation to become established.
' Fall, Winter, Spring Seeding Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Oats 2 lbs. 3 bu.
Wheat 2 lbs. 3 bu.
'
Summer Seeding
Sudangrass 1 lb. 35-45 lbs.
' Browntop Millet 1 lb. 30-40 lbs.
Permanent Seeding - Use in combination with woody plantings on the upslope side of the riparian
planting. Spring planting time is ideal for native perennial warm season grasses. These grasses should be
' used when enhancing wildlife habitat is a goal of the riparian planting. Spring planted seed should be
treated with a cold wet chill process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a
lightly sowed cool season annual to hold the soil and do not need the wet chill process. To improve wildlife
habitat existing stands of fescue can be killed using an appropriate herbicide and warm season grasses can
' be no-till planted into the sod. Omit fertilizer when establishing native grasses, fertilizer can be applied the
second year to improve the stand.
Fall, Spring Seeding Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Tall Fescue 1 lb. 501bs.
-Native warm season grasses-
Big, Little or Broomsedge Bluestem 0.2 lbs. PLS (pure live seed) 5 lbs. PLS
Eastern Gamma Grass or Switchgrass 0.5 lb. PLS 10 lbs. PLS
Mulching
' Mulching should be performed within 48 hours of seeding. Grain straw mulch should be applied on seeded
areas at a rate of 3 bales per 1000 square feet or 1.5 tons per acre. Apply mulch uniformly. Anchor mulch
with a mulch crimper, asphalt tackifier or appropriate mulch netting.

Streamside Woody Vegetation Establishment
This work consist of securing and planting permanent woody vegetation using rooted stock, unrooted stock and
' on site transplants.
Care and Handling
' Planting stock should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot stock shall be kept
moist during planting operations. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all times. The root balls of
transplanted stock must be kept moist.
Site Preparation
Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug and stored. On recently graded sites use
' temporary seedings, anchored mulch or erosion control fabrics to provide surface protection until woody
vegetation becomes established. Sod may be killed by non-selective herbicides the year previous to planting
stock (follow all federal, state and local regulations in the use of herbicides). When hand planting; scalp an area
at least 3 feet in diameter and 2-4 inches deep. Place plant in the center of the scalped area. On sites where
equipment cannot be operated safely and there are concerns about potential erosion use a non-selective herbicide
to kill vegetation in a 36 inch wide circle or 36 inch wide strip and plant in the center of the killed vegetation. If
the site is a row crop site, reasonably free of weeds, plant stock in the stubble without prior preparation. Sites
with undesirable brush will need initial treatments to facilitate planting and follow-up treatments to prevent
reencroachment.
' Planting
Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally growing. Plant rooted stock in a vertical
position with the root collar approximately %i inch below the soil surface. The planting trench or hole must be
' deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down without J-rooting. Insert dormant cuttings
to the depth required to reach adequate soil moisture, leaving 2 to 3 buds above ground. After planting pack soil
around each plant firmly to remove air pockets.
' Plant List
Plant Types/ Plant to Plant Spacing Plant List
' Mature Height # Per Acre
#Per 1000 Sq. Ft.
Shrubs, less than 10 3 to 6 feet *Buttonbush, *#`Bankers' Dwarf Willow
Feet in height 1210-4840 *Elderberry, Highbush Blueberry,
28-110 Hazelnut
' Shrubs and trees from 6 to 8 feet Alder, Deciduous Holly, Crabapple,
10 to 25 feet in height 680-1742 Red Chokeberry, *Silky Dogwood,
15-28 *Silky Willow, Spicebush,
*#` Streamco' Willow, Serviceberry,
Washington Hawthorne, Witch Hazel
' Trees greater than 25 8 to 12 feet Black Cherry, *Black Willow,
Feet in height 302-680 Green Ash, Red Maple, River Birch
7-15 Sycamore, Yellow Poplar, Black Walnut
' Persimmon
NOTES: * = Plants suitable for use as dormant cuttings, space cuttings 1.5-2.5 feet apart, 160-
445 cuttings per 1000 sq. ft. or 6970-19360 cuttings per acre;
# = Non-native plants; Plants listed in bold have wildlife value