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NPDES Permit:
NC0020559
Henderson WWTP
Document Type:
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Document Date:
August 12, 2003
Thin document to priaztecl oxm r exwoe paper - ignore any
content an the reYerme side
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'1110mas Spain
City of Henderson
P.O. Box 1 434
Henderson, NC 27536
Dear N PDf_.S hcrmittee:
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Naturai Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P:E„ Director
Division of Water Quality
August 12, 2003
Subject: NPDES Permit NC0020559 Nicrcur`• Requirement
ETA Method 1631 / Additional Information
1-1crtdersotl 1VR1
Vance: County
In .t previous letter dated August 30, 2002, tour Facility eras notified of being subject to a new low-level mercury
analysis (EPA 1\lethod 1631) for NPDES monitoring requirements beginning► September 1, 2003, '{11c notification
letter vas mailed to 155 subject facilities. Since that mailing, the: Division has participated in several i\lercury 1631
Workshops to provide the regulated community With information on the new analytical requirements and clean
sampling recommendations. Based on comments received at these workshops, the following items are intended to
clarify certain NPDES requirements for the 155 subject facilities.
1. Nlercury Sampling and Compliance: It is recommended that facilities collect some effluent samples for ]\,Icrltod
1631 analysis prior to the 9/1 /2003 effective date, in order to gain experience with the recommended clean
sampling techniques as well as the analysis requirements. NPDES compliance will be judged using the new
method results beginning 9/ l /2003.
2. What Samples are Subject to Method_ 1.631: Beginning 9/l/2003, all effluent samples collected Cor mercury
from the subject facility are required to perform low level mercury analysis. This includes effluent samples
collected for any of the following requirements: a) tonitoring specified in your "l,ffluent Imitations and
\lonitoring Requirements" page of your. NPDES permit; b) monitoring specified in your NPDES Pretreatment
Short Term illonitoring Plan (S NIP) or Long Tcrm Monitoring Plan (LTNIP); and c) NPDES pert -nit renewal
requirements. 'The effluent samples must be analyzed by a laboratory certified by the Division for tNlethod 1631,
and effluent results must be submitted with the applicable monthly Discharge i�{onitoring Report {Dl\7R}.
3. Grab Sampling: The F'rivironmental Protection Agency (IPA) current]), recommends that mercury samples for
c\lethod 1631 analysis be collected as grab samples, since automatic composite sarnplers may be more subject to
contamination. Thereforc, the Division Will allow hermittees to collect single grab samples directly into lab -
provided sample bottles for permit requirements, even though the NPDES permit may specify "composite"
samples for mercury. '['he grab sample must be representarive of the discharge.
4. Laboratory Reporting Level: Lased on the Division's review of commercial laboratories currently performing
i\-lethod 1631, a majority of labs were reporting a mininnurtr ICVC1 of quantitation (INIL) of either 1.0 ng/1 or less.
The Division will require an NIL, of I ng/I beginning 9/ 1 /2003, which is considered reasonable and economically
achievable.
5. Fieid Blank Collection: Method 1631 reeluires that a minimum ()f one field blank acconnpany each set of samples
collected from the same site at the same time. The field ]dank is used to identify contamination during; sample
collection and transport activities, if mercury is present in the field blank at levels that would compromise reliable
measurement of mercury in the wastewatcr sample, you should assume th.tt the effluent sample vas contaminated
during collection or transit, and yt:ni Will need ao eliminate any source: of contamination that has beeti iclentitred.
The permittce shall report all effluent sample results on the applicable monthly D\1R. if a field blank Falls to
meet quality control crircria, the permit -tee should note that fact in the DrNIR Comments Section, and append the
lab Sheet for that field blank. P rr those facilities sampling for rnetcury under a limited nxorritoring frequency
(quarrerl� or less, such as Pretreatment L'I'r\1P/S NIP mornitnring), you must resamplc if the field blanks arc
outside quality control criteria. However, for those facilities with more frequent effluent monitoring requirements
�. Ya
N. C. Division of Water Quality 1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 (919) 733-7015 4�A
Customer Service 1 800 623-7748 l'dCUUM
NPDL;S Mercury RequiremmiL
Patic2of2
(i.c., monthly or more frequent), resampling is not rccluired if field blank quality ca:nntrol criteria are ntrt :tchicyCl
i0l. a given sample cvcnt. Refer to a\Icthod 1631, Revision F. (Section 9.4.52- Quality Control- field Blanks), for
spccitic quality control criteria regarding field blsartk acceptabilitV and cffIuent sample reliability.
G. 1"Ickl l3lank Subtraction: Method 1631 provides for subtracrion of field blanks (provided they meet quality
control criteria defined above) from the effluent sample result if deemed appropriate by a regulatory agericy.
Upon review, the Division will not allow flc:ld blank subtraction from efflucnr samples for rcporung purposcs.
Based on a recent study using NIetliod 1631 for wastewater samples collected at 38 wastewater treatment plants,
field blank concentrations were gencr,ally bclow the rnethod quantitation level. "Therefore, beginning 9/ 1 /2003,
the permittee shall report the result of the effluent sample as provided by the certified lab, without field Blank
Subtraction, ()II the tnortthly D&IR submission. In the event of a rnercurV limits violation, the permittee retains
the option to request remission of any penalty. If the permitter believes that the violation resulted from
background contamination as indicated by the field blank, the permitter will aced to document that fact with field
Wank quality control data.
7. Sample Prescryation/i-lolding Times: Samples for total mercury analysis by tiMethod 1631 trust be collected in
tightly -capped fluoropolymer or glass bottles and preserved with BrCl or I-1C1 within 48 hours of sample
collection. The time to sample preservation may be extended to 28 days if a sample is oxidized in t.hc sample
bottle. Samples must be analyzed within 90 days of sample collection.
If you have any questions about the contents of this letter, please contact the applicable Division staff listed bclt:nv:
Nlercury Nlethod: Roy 13yrd 919-733-3908, extension 213
Certified Labs for Nlethod 1631: Fred 13otic 919-733-3908, extension 273
N1)1)L_.S Permitting: 'Tom 13elnick 919-733-5083, extension 543
NPDI?.S Compliance: Vanessa Manuel 919-733-5083, extension 532
NPD11S Pretreatment: Dana hollC, 919-733-5083, extension 523
Sincerely,
Original Signed by
David A. Goodrich
Alan W. Klimek, P. E
cc (hardcopy): CLANC, ch.) I.e%v Hicks, FInvin.mnicimil Chemist lac., 6602 Windmill Way, Wilmington, NC 28405
DWQ Regional bfticcs, Wt Itct QtralitV
cc (em;til): IHPA Regi(.)n 4, Madolyn Domill)" Marshall Myatt
I-AVQ 1\rater Qu,9h1)' Section; RCgi(.)nal Ofiler Sulacrvisors
1)\VQ Laboratory Section; Steve "Tedder, Larry AUSIeti•, Jinl Nlc1Tvr, Rov BN1 rd, lied Bone
D11rQ t\Iodcling/TNIDL, Nlichelle Wi)dfolk
DWQ NPDi S Compliance, Vanessa Manual
DWQ Pretreatment Unit
DWQ NPI)ES Unit
NC League of Municipalities, Anita Watkins
N( Labs C..Crtifi(fd for Method 1631e
N C 0 0 2 0 5 5 9 -- K � I " lie v4-.- APOc-s014
OF W A TER
r
o -c
Michael F. Easley, Govemor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
August 30, 2002
Subject: NPDES Mercury Requirement
Implementation of EPA Method 1631
Dear NPDES Permittee:
Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
Mercury continues to be a water quality concern throughout North Carolina. Fish consumption advisories and
impaired stream segments as a result of elevated mercury levels have been issued for several locations. NPDES
permittees have worked with the state to reduce potential risks from this pollutant, including tasks associated with
collecting and reporting more accurate data. The most commonly used laboratory analysis for total mercury (EPA
Method 245.1) has a method detection level of 0.2 ug/l, while the current water quality standard is an order of
magnitude lower at 0.012 ug/l. Thus, true compliance with the water quality standard could not be judged. A
more recently approved laboratory method (EPA Method 1631) should produce a detection level below the water
quality standard, which would allow the Division to assess potential water quality impacts from dischargers more
accurately. Therefore, this letter serves as notification to your facility that effective September 1, 2003, you will
be required to begin using EPA Method 1631 (or subsequent low-level mercury methods approved by EPA in
40 CFR 136) when analyzing for total mercury. Your facility is subject to this new requirement because either 1)
your facility has a current total mercury limit in its NPDES permit that is <0.20 ug/l: or 2) your facility has limited
instream dilution (i.e., the instream waste concentration (rWC) is >6%). This requirement complies with 15 A NCAC
2B.0505(e)(4), which requires that "test procedures must produce detection and reporting levels below the permit
discharge requirements."
Mercury LaboratoKy Analysis - EPA Method 1631
On June 22, 1999, the US EPA approved a new analytical method (EPA Method 1631) for measuring very low
concentrations of mercury in water. Subsequent revisions to Method 1631 include Revision C (current approved
method) and Draft Revision D (scheduled for promulgation in October 2002). Method 1631 has a minimum level of
quantitation of 0.0005 ug/l (0.5 ng/1), which is 400-times more sensitive than Method 245.1. The new method
requires a clean laboratory environment which generally requires some lab retrofitting; thus, many permittees will
likely contract a commercial lab to perform the analysis. Based on data compiled by Ohio EPA, commercial labs
that are currently analyzing for EPA Method 1631 charge between $50-90 per sample. with turnaround times
ranging from 5-28 days. Currently there is one commercial lab certified by North Carolina for EPA Method 1631.
However, it is anticipated that several additional labs will also offer this analysis in the future as the demand for
this method increases. When selecting a lab to perform low level mercury analyses, the permittee should review the
lab's performance, experience, and reliability with the method, as well as cost considerations. Attachment A
provides additional information on this method.
Mercury Clean Sampling Techniques - EPA Method 1669
The greatest risk of contaminating the wastewater sample for low-level mercury analysis is during the sample
collection effort. Thus, those facilities subject to EPA Method 1631 will also need to evaluate clean sampling
recommendations provided in EPA Method 1669. Attachment A provides highlights on this method.
t
NPDES Compliance
All mercury monitoring data submitted to the Division will be reviewed for compliance with current effluent limits.
If the permit contains monitoring only, the new method must still be used, and the need for a permit limit
will be evaluated at a later date by comparing a statistical evaluation of the effluent data with the water
quality standard and corresponding allowable effluent concentration. Therefore, the potential problem of
sample contamination cannot be overemphasized, since it could result in NPDES effluent limits for total mercury,
increased monitoring costs, and possibly unnecessary violations. All data submitted to the Division for NPDES
compliance monitoring requirements are the responsibility of the permittee. Therefore, facilities subject to this new
method are strongly encouraged to begin evaluating sampling methods and commercial labs before the deadline
date, to ensure that field staff are properly trained in the use of "clean sampling" techniques, and sampling and lab
procedures are fully developed to minimize sample contamination.
AM
NCDEN
N. C. Division of Water Quality 1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 (919) 733-7015
Customer Service 1 800 623-7748
NPDES Mercury Requirement
Page 2 of 3
Additional Information
For additional information and guidance regarding EPA Methods 1631/1669. the permittee may consult the
following resources:
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
Laboratory Analysis:
Roy Byrd, 919-733-3908. ext. 213
Lab Certification:
Lab Staff. 919-733-3908
Clean Sampling:
Sandy Mort, 919-733-2136, ext 245
NPDES Permitting:
Tom Belnick, 919-733-5083. ext 543
Pretreatment::
Tom Poe, 919-733-5083, ext 522
US Environmental Protection Agency
Method 1631 / 1669 Questions: Maria Gomez -Taylor, 202-566-1005
EPA Sample Control Center, 703-461-2100
Websites:
httg://www.epa.state.oh.us/dswuidance ermitIOatt3. df
The state of Ohio EPA provides an updated listing of laboratories providing contract services for EPA
Method 1631, including costs, turnaround time, and lab contacts. The labs are identified for informational
purposes only, and do not constitute an endorsement. The listed commercial laboratories may also provide
advice on training, equipment, and sampling techniques appropriate for Method 1631.
http://www.epa.gov/ost/methods/ 1631.html
This EPA site provides information on the 1631 Method requirements and implementation guidance.
http _/ /www.esb.enr.state.ne.us/lab
This DWQ site provides information on EPA Methods (including 1669 clean sampling techniques). and a
listing of state -certified labs for EPA Method 1631.
http://www.h2o.enr.state.nc.us/NPDES/NPDESweb.html;ciick Documents
This DWQ website includes a copy of this letter plus a list of facilities currently subject to EPA Method
1631,
Conclurtion
The Division realizes that changing the method of mercury measurement will not be without difficulty on the part of
the permittees. The requirement will affect approximately 155 facilities with mercury limits and/or monitoring
requirements. These permittees will need to evaluate available laboratories, costs, and sampling techniques. For
these reasons. the implementation date for EPA Method 1631 was delayed until September 1, 2003, The Division
thanks you for your cooperation and understanding in this matter. If you have any questions about the contents of
this letter, please contact the applicable staff listed above.
Sincerely '
J. William Reid, PE
Supervisor, Point Source Branch
cc (hardcopy): CLANC. c/o Lew Hicks, Environmental Chemistry Inc.. 6602 Windmill Way. Wilmington. NC 28405
cc (email): EPA Region 4, Marshall Hyatt, Scott Gordon. Roosevelt Childress
DWQ Water Quality Section: Coleen Sullins, Regional Offices
DWQ Laboratory Section: Steve Tedder, Larry Ausiey, Jim Meyer, Roy Byrd, Connie Brower
DWQ Aquatic Toxicology Unit, Sandy Mort
DWQ Pretreatment Unit, Tom Poe
DWQ Modeling/TMDL, MichClle Woolfolk
DWQ NPDFS Compliance Unit, Shannon Langley
DWQ NPDES Unit
MCIC. Michael Johnson
NC League of Municipalities. Paula Thomas
Clean Water Fund of NC. Hope Taylor
Severn Trenl,Lab, Ohio, Mark Bruce
NPDES Mercury Requirement
Page 3 of 3
ATTACHMENT A
Summary of EPA Methods 1631/ 1669
Effluent samples collected for mercury may become contaminated by numerous routes, including: 1) metal -
containing labware. reagents, containers, and sampling equipment: 2) improperly cleaned or stored equipment: and
3) atmospheric mercury inputs in dirt and dust. Even human contact can be a source of mercury contamination
(e.g., mercury amalgam fillings in the mouths of lab/Geld personnel can contaminate samples directly exposed to
exhalation). Thus, it is essential that every effort be made to minimize sample contamination during collection. The
US EPA provides recommendations to minimize contamination during sample collection in EPA Method 1669:
Sampling Ambient Water for Determination of Trace Metals at EPA Water 9uality Criteria Levels. This guidance
describes a "clean hands/dirty hands" sampling technique to collect mercury samples, which is ideally performed
with two people. A designated "clean hands" sampler handles all operations involving direct contact with the
sample bottle, while the "dirty hands' sampler is responsible for all activities that do not involve direct contact with
the sample bottle. This team sampling technique is recommended as a means to minimize sample contamination,
but is not required. The US EPA is developing a trace metal sampling guidance strictly for effluent collection
(Method 1670). The permittee will need to evaluate the various sampling recommendations and develop a sampling
strategy appropriate for their particular situation. The overall philosophy behind any mercury sampling strategy
should be to ensure that any object or substance that contacts the sample is nonmetallic and free from any
material that may contain metals. in order to produce a reliable mercury measurement.
Requirements and recommendations for EPA Method 1631
and clean sampling for low level mercury include:
• It is strongly recommended that the permittee discuss sample collection, preservation, and shipping
requirements with their laboratory, to ensure that the most current requirements of Method 1631 will
be met. There have been several revisions to EPA Method 1631, and Revision D is proposed.
■ Each laboratory must perform and meet the minimum requirements of Method 1631 Quality Control.
■ Effluent samples for mercury analysis must be collected in clean nuoropolymer or borosiiicate glass
containers. It is recommended that the permittee request appropriate clean sample bottles or a
mercury sampling kit from their lab.
■ Method 1631 requires that a minimum of one field blank accompany each set of samples collected at a
given site. The Geld blank is used to identify contamination from sample collection and transport. if
mercury is present in the field blank at levels that would compromise reliable measurement of mercury
in the wastewater sample, you should assume that the sample was contaminated during collection or
transit, and you will need to eliminate any source of contamination that has been identified and
possibly resample. Including the field blank, the permittee should budget for two samples per
monitoring event.
• Samples must be preserved or analyzed within 48-hours after collection. Samples do not need to be
refrigerated/iced during shipment provided they are tightly capped, shipped overnight to the lab, and
preserved or analyzed by the lab within 48 hours of collection (per Draft Revision D).
■ If the samples are preserved within 48 hours, then they have a maximum holding time of 90 days prior
to analysis (per Draft Revision D).
• Sampling personnel must wear clean, non -talc latex gloves during sample collection and handling.
■ EPA currently recommends that mercury samples for Method 1631 analysis be collected as grab
samples, since automatic composite samplers may be subject to contamination and loss of mercury via
volatilization. Therefore, the Division will allow permittees to collect single grab samples directly into
lab -provided sample bottles for permit requirements. The grab sample must be representative of the
discharge.
• If the person collecting the sample cannot directly reach the wastewater stream, a pole -type sampler
may be attached to the sample bottle to extend the reach for sample collection. The pole and bottle
clamp should be made of plastic and/or stainless steel and the mouth of the bottle should be held
facing upstream of the pole. The use of a transfer vessel should be avoided.
■ All sampling equipment must be nonmetallic, or free of material that may contain metals. All materials
that will directly or indirectly contact the sample must be cleaned using the procedures in Method
1631.
• To minimize atmospheric contamination. do not sample during rainy weather or when the wind could
blow dust particles into the sample bottle. To minimize human contamination, do not breathe into the
sample bottle if you have mercury amalgam fillings in your teeth.
■ Sampling personnel should be trained in techniques for sampling mercury at low levels. Sample
collection via the "clean hands/dirty hands' technique is recommended, but not required.
■ Since Method 1631 is performance -based, there is some flexibility in Method requirements.