R-2107WM

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1999
U.S. Marine Corp Mitigation Site
©nslaw County
Project No,. 6.269010T
TIP No. R-2107 1M

Prepared By.
Natural Systems Unit &
Roadside Environmental Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
December 1999

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY ...........................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................2
1.1 Project Description ..........................................................................2
1.2 Purpose ..........................................................................................2
1.3 Project History .....................................................................2
2.0 HYDROLOGY ..............................................................................4
2.1 Success Criteria ...............................................................................4
2.2 Monitoring Procedure ......................................................................4
2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring ....................................................4
2.3.1 Site Data ..................................................................4
2.3.2 Climatic Data .............................................................6
2.3.3 Hurricane Effects ........................................................9
2.4 Conclusions ........................................................................9
3.0 VEGETATION ............................................................................10
3.1 A Success Criteria (shrub area) ......................................................10
3.1 B Success Criteria (marsh grass area) ..........................................10
3.2 A Description of Planted Areas (shrub area) ...............................10
3.2 B Description of Planted Areas (marsh grass area) ......................10
3.3 A Results of Vegetation Monitoring (shrub area) ............................11
3.3 B Results of Vegetation Monitoring (marsh grass area) ...................12
3.4 A Conclusions (shrub area) ....................................................14
3.4 B Conclusions (marsh grass area) ...........................................14
4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................15

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TABLES
TABLE 1 - RESULTS OF HYDROLOGIC MONITORING - 4/8 through 8/31......6
TABLE 2 - RESULTS OF HYDROLOGIC MONITORING - 9/1 through 11/5.......6
TABLE 3 - VEGETATION MONITORING RESULTS (shrub area) ..............:...11
TABLE 4 - VEGETATION MONITORING RESULTS (marsh grass area)...... 12
FIGURES
FIGURE 1 - SITE LOCATION MAP ......................................................................3
FIGURE 2 - WELL LOCATION MAP ....................................................................5
FIGURE 3 - RESULTS OF HYDROLOGIC MONITORING - 1999 ...................7
FIGURE 4 - 30-70 PERCENTILE GRAPH ...................................................8
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER PLOTS .................................16
APPENDIX B - SITE PHOTOS ...............................................................28
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SUMMARY
The following report summarizes the monitoring activities that have occurred in the past
year at the U.S. Marine Corps Mitigation Site. This site was constructed in 1999.
' Monitoring activities in 1999 represent the first year of monitoring. The site must
demonstrate vegetation success for three years and hydrologic monitoring must be
conducted until success is demonstrated.
' The site is monitored with twenty-five vegetation plots, three groundwater wells, four
surface gauges, and one rain gauge.
' One major change in the hydrologic monitoring process is the use of local weather
station rainfall data for the site analysis. The daily rainfall on the well data graphs is
recorded at a Trenton rain gauge, maintained by the NC State Climate Office (data for
September through October could not be obtained). This data is being used because in
the past existing on-site rainfall gauges have proven unreliable. The site gauges will be
' replaced with more reliable equipment prior to the start of the 2000 growing season.
Hydrologic monitoring indicates that the site has met success criteria during the 1999
' monitoring year. All three groundwater wells met criteria for well over 12.5% of the
growing season and the four surface water gauges have shown standing surface water
throughout the entire growing season. Ground and surface water levels were greatly
' affected during the month of September by Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd which
drenched the area with large amounts of rain.
' Vegetation monitoring yielded a stem count below the success needed in the marsh
grass planting transects.
Based on the monitoring results from the 1999 season and the three year vegetation
monitoring requirement, NCDOT will continue to monitor the site in 2000 for vegetation;
' hydrologic monitoring would be discontinued.

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' 1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
The U.S. Marine Corps Mitigation Site encompasses 3.5 acres and is located in Onslow
County on the Intracoastal Waterway southeast of Onslow Beach at the Camp Lejeune
Marine Corps Base (Figure 1). Designed as a salt marsh, the site provides
' compensatory mitigation for the US 17 Bypass of Jacksonville.
1.2 Purpose
' In order to demonstrate successful mitigation, USMC site is monitored for both wetland
vegetation and hydrology. Vegetative monitoring must be conducted for a minimum of
' three years, and hydrologic monitoring must be conducted until success is
demonstrated. The following report details the results of hydrologic and vegetative
monitoring during 1999 at the USMC Mitigation Site.
' 1.3 Project History
' March 1999 Grading Construction
April 1999 Site planted
' May 1999 Monitoring Wells Installed
May- November 1999 Hydrologic Monitoring
' September 1999 Vegetation Monitoring (1 yr.)

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FIGURE 1
' SITE LOCATION MAP

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2.0 HYDROLOGY
2.1 Success Criteria
Project specifications require saturation or inundation (within 12 inches of the surface)
for at least 27 consecutive days during the growing season for one year under
reasonably average climatic conditions. However, areas may still be classified as
wetlands even though the hydrology does not meet optimum wetland criteria.
The growing season in Johnston County begins April 8 and ends November 5. These
dates correspond to a 50% probability that air temperatures will drop to 280 F or lower
after April 8 and before November 5.' Thus, the growing season is 212 days. Also,
local climate conditions must represent average conditions for the area.
2.2 Monitoring Procedure
' Three monitoring wells, one rain gauge, and four surface water gauges were installed
on-site in 1999 (Figure 2). The automatic monitoring wells and rain gauges record
depth to groundwater and rainfall, respectively. Daily readings are taken throughout the
' growing season.
' Appendix A contains a plot of the water depth for each groundwater monitoring well and
surface gauge during the growing season. Precipitation events are included on each
monitoring well graph as bars. The precipitation data on each monitoring well graph is
from a Trenton, NC rain gauge, maintained by the NC State Climate Office. This data is
' used because previous on-site rain gauges have proven unreliable. The site gauge will
be replaced with more reliable equipment prior to the beginning of the 2000 growing
' season.
2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring
' 2.3.1 Site Data
The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within twelve
inches of the surface was determined for each well. This number was converted into a
percentage of the 212-day growing season. Based on project requirements, the
' optimum percentage, which represents 27 consecutive days of the growing season, is
11.5%.

Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Johnston County, North Carolina, 1994.
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The following tables present both the actual consecutive day percentage for each gauge
as well as its percentage range. The growing season has been divided into two
sections due to abnormal weather during the month of September.
Table 1
RESULTS OF HYDROLGIC MONITORING - 4/8 through 8/31
Monitoring
Well < 5% 5% - 8% 8% - 11.5% > 11.5% Actual % Success Dates
G3^ ? 64.6 May 4 - Sept. 17
G4* ? 13.7 May 4 -Jun. 1
G5* ? 17.4 May 4 -Jun. 9
"- Denotes wells which malfunctioned during the growing season; well data is incomplete.
^' - Denotes consecutive days extending into the second half of the growing season.
Table 2
RESULTS OF HYDROLGIC MONITORING - 9/1 through 11/5
Monitoring
Well <5% 5%-8% 8%-11.5% >11.5% Actual % Success Dates
G3* ? 5.7 Oct. 25 - Nov. 5
G4 *A ? 17.9 Aug. 11 - Sept. 17
G5*^ ? 36.3 Aug. 21 - Nov. 5
" - Denotes wells which malfunctioned during the growing season; well data is incomplete.
^' - Denotes consecutive days beginning before the hurricanes.
For 1999, all three monitoring wells indicate hydrologic data that meets and exceeds
project specifications. The four surface water gauges on the site have shown
appreciable surface water throughout the 1999 growing season. In order to clearly
view daily flooding of the site, a graph for one week out of the growing season in
addition to a graph for the entire growing season is included for each surface gauge.
There is little weekly variation in the patterns of the readings of each surface well.
Figure 3 is a map of the hydrologic monitoring results for 1999. A blue dot indicates
hydrology for greater than 12.5% of the growing season; a red dot means the well
showed between 8% and 12.5%. A green dot indicates hydrology between 5% and 8%
of the season. This figure represents the hydrologic results prior to the hurricanes,
which is the data that will determine the success of the site. The hydrologic data
following the hurricanes was taken under abnormal climatic conditions and is presented
for informational purposes only.
2.3.2 Climatic Data
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Figure 4 is a comparison of 1998 and 1999 monthly rainfall to historical precipitation for
the area. The two lines represent the 30th and 70th percentiles of monthly precipitation
for Trenton, NC. These percentiles represent monthly rainfall data collected in Trenton
between 1931 and 1997. They are designed to illustrate the "normal range" for rainfall
in the area. The bars are the monthly rainfall totals for 1998 and 1999. The historical
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FIGURE 4
30-70 PERCENTILE GRAPH
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data was collected from a National Climatic Data Center rain gauge; the current monthly
rainfall data was provided by the State Climate Office of North Carolina at NC State
University. Because of data availability, the 1999 rainfall encompasses precipitation
through August.
Rainfall during 1998 was either average or above average for Trenton except for the
months of September, October and November. Rainfall during 1999 indicated average
or below average rainfall up through August. Rain data could not be obtained for
' September through November 1999. The 2000 Annual Monitoring Report will show
precipitation totals for the remaining months of 1999.
' 2.3.3 Hurricane Effects
Hurricane Dennis and Hurricane Floyd brought increased amounts of rain to the site on
' September 5 and 16, respectively. All three groundwater wells met the hydrologic
criteria under normal conditions. The wells exhibited increased ground water levels
during the hurricanes from the day rains from Hurricane Dennis hit the site until the end
' of the growing season. A large storm on October 18 also may have contributed to
groundwater levels.
2.4 Conclusions
In 1999, all three monitoring wells indicated that the site exceeded project
specifications, even prior to the September hurricanes.

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3.0 VEGETATION
3.1A Success Criteria
(Shrub Area)
Success Criteria states that there must be a minimum mean density of 320 trees per
acre of approved target species surviving for at least three years.
3.11B Success Criteria
(Marsh Grass Area)
The vegetative success of the wetland site will be determined by evaluation of (24) 1
square meter plots randomly distributed within the site and located by GPS. Monitoring
plots found to be located within the open water channel will not be evaluated, and will
not count toward the final count of plots. The vegetation component of the wetland site
will be deemed successful if the following criteria are met.
The average of all plots should have an 80% vegetative cover consisting of
wetland herbaceous species, not including any invasive species.
2. A minimum of 75% of the plots shall contain the target (planted) species.
3.2A Description of Planted Areas
The following plant communities were planted in the Shrub Area:
Zone 1: (approximately 0.56 acres)
Myrica cerifera, Wax Myrtle
Baccharis halimifloia, False Willow
Iva frutescens, Marsh Elder
3.21B Description of Planted Areas
The following plant communities were planted in the Marsh Grass Area:
Zone 1: (approximately 0.7acres)
Juncus roemerianus, Black Needle Rush
' Zone 2: (approximately 2.23 acres)
Spartina aterniflora, Smooth Cordgrass

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3.3A Results of Vegetation Monitoring (1 year)
(Shrub Area)
Table 3

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1 32 9 10 51 51 680
TOTAL DENSITY 680
To determine shrub density, 50'x 50' plots are installed immediately following
planting. The actual numbers of planted shrubs that occur within the plot are counted.
This number is equated to the number within each plot, which represents 680 shrubs
per acre (average). The survival monitoring number is compared to the planted number
to obtain survival percentage. This percentage is applied to the 680 shrubs per acre to .
obtain an estimated shrub per acre for the site.
Density = monitoring count x 680 (trees per acre)
planted shrubs
Notes from Report. Shrub area looks healthy. Some salt burn evident on wax myrtles.
Light phragmites seen on adjacent property.
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' 3.313 Results of Vegetation Monitoring (1 year)
(Marsh Grass Area)

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Table 4

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tes
1 1 1% 8 ? Black Needle Rush
2 1% 8 ? Black Needle Rush
3 0% 0
4 0% 0
5 12% 12 ? Black Needle Rush
6 8% 9 ? Black Needle Rush
20 0% 0
21 1% 8 ? Black Needle Rush
22 10% 8 ? Black Needle Rush

AVG. 3.67% 66.67%

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Table 4 continued.

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tes
2 7 2% 4 ? Smooth Cordgrass
8 25% 10 ? Smooth Cordgrass
9 0% 0
10 75% 20 ? Smooth Cordgrass
11 65% 15 ? Smooth Cordgrass
12 0% 0
13 0% 0
14 0% 0
15 3% 8 ? Smooth Cordgrass
16 0% 0
17 0% 0
18 1% 10 ? Smooth Cordgrass
19 15% 12 ? Smooth Cordgrass
23 0% 0
24 0% 0

AVG. 12.40% 46.67%

TOTAL AVG. 9.13% 54.17%

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Notes from Report: Marsh area has grasses present throughout most of the site.
Coverage is not great, but expected for the first year monitoring.
' Zone 1
Percentage Cover 3.67%
Percentage Frequency of Target Specie 66.67%
Zone 2
' Percentage Cover 12.40%
Percentage Frequency of Target Specie 46.67%
'
Percentage Cover 9.13% Total
Percentage Frequency of Target Specie 54.17%
' 3.4A Conclusions
Of the 3.5 acres of this site, approximately 0.56 acres involved shrub planting. There
was 1 test plot established in the planting area. The first year vegetation monitoring of
the planted area revealed an average density to be 680 shrubs per acre, which is well
above the minimum requirement of 320 shrubs per acre.
3.413 Conclusions
' Of the 3.5 acres of this site, approximately 2.93 acres involved marsh grass planting.
There were 24 random plots established throughout the planting area and located using
' GPS. The vegetation monitoring of the planted area revealed the average percentage
cover to be 9.13%, which is below the 80% success criteria. The average percentage
frequency is 54.17%, which is below the 75% success criteria.

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4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS
According to project specifications the hydrology of the site has demonstrated success
while the vegetation has not. This concludes the first year of vegetation and
hydrological monitoring for the site.
Due to the monitoring results for 1999 and the three year monitoring specification for
vegetation, NCDOT will continue to monitor the site in 2000 for vegetation. NCDOT
proposes to discontinue the hydrologic monitoring.
15

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APPENDIX A
DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER PLOTS
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APPENDIX B
SITE PHOTOS
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Photo Point 4
Photo Point 2
Photo Point 6

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' ' 1999
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
October 25, 2001
- - AN
MEMO TO: File
FROM: Charles R. Cox, P.E., Natural Systems Engineer
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
SUBJECT: USMC Marsh Mitigation Site, Camp LeJeune, Onslow County,
TIP Project R-2107WM
A meeting was held at the site on October 24, 2001. The focus of this meeting was to
review the design recommendations for remediation. Those in attendance were:
David Timpy
Kelly Williams
Tere Barrett
David Cox
Tom McCartney
Byron Moore
Gordon Cashin
Phillip Todd
Charles Cox
USACE
DCM
DCM
WRC
FWS
REU
PD&EA
PD&EA
PD&EA
2001 Site Evaluation:
According to field data for 2001, a portion of the site is too high to support tidal
vegetation. The two inlets created by NCDOT have filled in some, but the "channel"
zone of the site (at elevations from 1.0 to 1.8 feet) has been low enough for vegetation to
become established. On the edge of the site, some erosion from wave action has caused a
breach in the berm.
Surface water gauge data has still been inconsistent due to the effect of water salinity on
the gauges (causing corrosion to the wire sensors in the gauges). A tidal gauge (of a
different brand) was installed in the spring of this year (and replaced in the summer); this
gauge has been more successful in providing reasonable tidal data. This gauge has been
roughly reading a tidal range from 0 to 2 feet.
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE. WWW.DOH-DOT. STATE. NC. US RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548

4
The Smooth Cordgrass has been thriving in the channel portion of the site; however, the
marsh grass (Cordgrass and Blackneedle Rush) has been non-existent above the 1.8-foot
elevation. The vegetation along the old log road portion of the site has been thriving only
in pockets.
At the last meeting in 2000, several agencies suggested that a breakwater structure be
considered to protect this site. Spencer Rogers with Sea Grant was consulted on this
matter. He visited this site prior to this meeting. His recommendation was to grade the
berm area down and not construct a breakwater structure.
Current Recommendations:
Based on the discussion at the October 24 meeting, the following remediation was agreed
to by the meeting attendees (also see attached figure).
¦ The berm will be left in place. It is still valuable for protecting the site as a whole.
¦ The central "channel" (created by NCDOT on the site) and inlets will not be
disturbed. The vegetation is thriving best in these areas.
¦ The breached area in the berm will be plugged with coastal rip rap to minimize
further erosion.
¦ An area between the berm and the internal channel of the site will be graded down to
an elevation range from 1.2 to 1.5 feet.
¦ The area inland from the internal channel will be further graded down to an elevation
r e 1.2 to 1.8 feet.
¦ he first 1 er of logs on the old log road will be removed to approximately elevation
.5 foot.
¦ mai site and the old log road will be connected to open water area between
them.
The group agreed that no breakwater structure would be constructed at this time. Because
of the changes occurring to the shoreline and berm, monitoring of this shoreline with
photos and stakes (to determine erosion rate) will be included in future monitoring
reports.
NCDOT will proceed with the construction this winter and the site will be replanted in
the spring of 2002. A refinement of the permit and mitigation plan will likely be
necessary for this work.
CRC/cc
Cc: Meeting Attendees
Scott McLendon, USACE
Ron Sechler, NMFS
John Hennessy, DWQ
Bob Stroud, DCM
Marty Korenek, USMC Camp Lejeune
Joe Blair, P.E., Division 3
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