R-2531WM

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR.
GOVERNOR
Mr. Doug Huggett
N. C. Division of Coastal Management
1638 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699
Dear Mr. Huggett:
SUBJECT: Lengyel Mitigation Plan, Craven County
TIP No. R-2531 WM, Work Order Number 8.1170801
Attached is a copy of the final Lengyel Mitigation Plan. The final plan has
incorporated those changes required in the April 9, 1998 Department of the Army general
permit No. 198000291. Additionally, the plan has incorporated those changes regarding
vegetation and soil monitoring that was discussed with Mike Bell (USCOE), John
Hennessy (NCDWQ), and Kelly Williams (NCDCM) on August 3, 2000. If you have
any questions or need additional information, please contact Mr. Eric Black at (919) 733-
1176.
Sincerely,
V
William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
October 9, 2000
DAVID MCCOY
SECRETARY
cc: Mr. David Franklin, COE, Wilmington
Mr. Mike Bell, COE, Washington
Ms. Kathy Matthews, EPA, Atlanta
Ms. Kelly Williams, CAMA
Mr. Roy Shelton, FHWA
Dr. Garland Pardue, USFWS
Mr. John Dorney, DWQ
Mr. David Cox, WRC
MAILING ADDRESS:
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW. DOH. DOT. STATE. NC. US
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH, NC
FINAL WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
LENGYEL SITE
NEUSE RIVER AND SCOTTS CREEK
CRAVEN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
TIP No. B-2531
NCDOT Project No. 8.1170801
The North Carolina Department of Transportation
Raleigh, North Carolina
NORTH Cq',
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OF
August 2000

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1
2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS ...................................................................................... ..2
2.1 Site Description and Physiography ............................................................ ..2
' 2.2
2.3 Site History and Land Use ........................................................................
Geology ................................................................................................. ..2
..8
2.4 Water Resources ..................................................................................... 12
2.4.1 Surface Water ...........
. 12
' 2.4.1.1 Neuse River . .
................................................................ 12
2.4.1.2 Scotts Creek ................................................................. 13
' 2.4.2 Surface Hydrology
.
14
2.4.3 Groundwater . .
......................:.............................................. 14
2.4.4 Water Quality ............................................................................ 15
' 2.5 Soils ...................................................................................................... 15
2.6 Vegetation ............................................................................................. 17
2.7 Wildlife .................................................................................................. 20
' 2.7.1 Terrestrial .................................................................................. 20
2.7.2 Aquatic ..................................................................................... 21

' 2.8 Protected Species ...................................................................................
2.8.1 Federal Species ...........................
................................................ 21

1
2.8.2 State Species ........................................................................... 24
2.9 Wetlands ................................................................................................ 24
3.0MARSH MITIGATION PLAN ................................................................................ 28
3.1
3.2 Reference Marsh Ecosystem .....................................................................
Hydrology Restoration ............................................................................. 28
30
3.3 Vegetation Restoration ............................................................................ 31
4.0 MONITORING PLAN .....:............................. ........ 32
4.1 Hydrology .............................................................................................. 32
' 4.1.1 Monitoring ......................................................................:.......... 32
4.1.2 Success Criteria..:...................................................................... 32

' 4.2 Vegetation . ............................................................................................
4.2.1 Monitoring ................................................................................. 32
33
4.2.2 Success Criteria ......................................................................... 33
4.3
4.4 Report Submittal
Contingency .................................................................................. ...... 33
33
' 5.0 DISPENSATION OF PROPERTY ........................................................................... 35
6.0 MITIGATION VALUE ................................................ 36
. ..........................................
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6.1 Pre-Mitigation Wetland Functions ..............................................................36
6.2 Post-Mitigation Wetland Functions ............................................................36
6.3 Mitigation Value ......................................................................................37
7.0 PERMITTING .....................................................................................................39
8.0 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................40
9.0 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................41
APPENDINCES .............................................................................................................................45
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
' Figure 1 - Site Location ..............................................................................................3
Figure 2 - Site Features .............................................................................................4

' Figure 3 -
Figure 4 - 1961 Aerial Photograph ..............................................................................6
1970 Aerial Photograph ..............................................................................7
Figure 5- 1989 Aerial Photograph ............................................................................ ..9
' Figure 6-
Figure 7 - 1996 Aerial Photograph ............................................................................
Existing and Proposed Hardened Structures ................................................ 10
11
Figure 8 - Soils ...................................................................................................... 16
' Figure 9 - Existing Vegetation .................................................................................. 18
Figure 10 - Pre-Mitigation Wetland Status ................................................................... 26
Figure 11 - Planting Plan ........................................................................................... 29

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 - Mitigation Types and Acreage ...................................................................... 38

1v

1.0 INTRODUCTION
General Assembly House Bill 399, ratified in 1989, provides for the establishment of the North
Carolina Highway Trust Fund. This fund was established to facilitate the development of free-
flowing, safe inter-city travel for motorists and to support statewide growth and development
objectives. In 1994, the State of North Carolina created a new transportation plan called
Transportation 2001 that emphasizes, among other things, the acceleration of highway
projects associated with key regions of economic development. As part of this effort, the N.C.
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is planning and constructing roadway improvement
projects in the eastern portion the state. Priority completion corridors in this region include US
64, US 264, and US 17. Some of these projects involve unavoidable wetland impacts;
however, roadway corridors seldom provide suitable area for onsite compensatory mitigation.
NCDOT is endeavoring to establish mitigation as compensation for the projected loss of tidal
brackish marsh habitat due to the construction of the US Route 17 bridge over the Neuse
River, just south of New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina. As part of this effort, NCDOT
performed a preliminary ecological assessment of the Lengyel Site (hereafter the "Site") in the
spring of 1996 (ESI 1996). The Site was named for the landowner prior to acquisition by
NCDOT. The Site is located in the southern quadrant of the proposed US 17 bridge crossing
and was initially selected for evaluation because of the onsite, in-kind mitigation potential for
wetland impacts associated with US 17 improvements. After cursory onsite hydrological
evaluations, general confirmation of Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) soil survey
map units (USDA 1989), and evaluation of onsite wetlands and biotic communities, NCDOT
determined that the Site offers reasonable wetland mitigation potential for inclusion in its
wetland mitigation program.
The purpose of this document is to (1) describe existing conditions at the Site, including a
summary of wetland component analyses; (2) present a mitigation plan for restoring irregularly-
flooded brackish marsh wetlands; and (3) present a plan for monitoring and measuring success
of restoration efforts.
' Historical aerial photography provided by NCDOT (1961, 1970, 1989, and 1996) was used
to identify recent alterations affecting the Site and to evaluate land use trends during the past
35 years. U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic mapping and NRCS soil surveys (USDA
' 1989) were used to evaluate existing landscape and soil information prior to onsite inspection.

This plan is anticipated to provide onsite, in-kind mitigation of approximately 6.54 acres (ac)
[2.65 hectares {ha}] of brackish marsh restoration, 5.25 ac (2.12 ha) of brackish marsh
preservation, and 0.85 ac (0.34 ha) of upland buffer adjacent to the Neuse River.

' 2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS
' The Site is located in the tidewater region of the outer Coastal Plain physiographic province,
on the southern bank of the Neuse River, between confluences of the Neuse River with the
' Trent River upstream and with Scotts Creek downstream. The Site includes approximately
13.198 ac (5.34 ha) of shoreline and a peninsula immediately east of the intersection of US
Highway 70 and US Business 70 (Figure 1). The peninsula is generally shaped like a north-
pointing triangle whose tip curves slightly to the east. The eastern boundary faces the Neuse
River; the southern boundary faces Scotts Creek; and the western boundary parallels the
' rights-of-way of US 70. Approximately 7.15 ac (2.89 ha) of the Site were determined to be
jurisdictional wetlands by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) or Areas of Environmental
Concern (AECs) by the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA).
2.1 Site Description and Physiography
t The peninsula appears to represent a point bar feature developed through long-term
sedimentation at the confluence of Scotts Creek and the Neuse River (Figure 2). The Site is
lowest along its eastern and southern boundaries, which supports a brackish marsh fringe,
' within an elevational range from mean sea level [MSL] to approximately 2 feet (ft) [0.61
meters {m}1 above MSL. The landscape slopes from the marsh fringe upward toward a
roadway fill slope in the north and toward a forested, intermittent ridge that generally extends
from northwest to southeast along the axis of the peninsula. The ridge appears to consist
primarily of disjunct piles of fill material and brick building debris. There are two prominently
' tall, adjacent piles of fill material in the vicinity of the "Line L" (Ramp "BD") bridge crossing.
These piles are in the vicinity of a cleared area which offers easy access for dumping or
parking. Approximately 1.0 ac (0.4ha) within the central portion of the peninsula is excavated
t to form a trapezoidal depression with a rim formed by deposition of excavated material. The
floor of the depression is higher than the elevation of adjacent marshes, and the depression
' supports a forested wetland. The western rim of the depression reached the highest elevation
(12.5 ft [3.8 m]) within the Site.
2.2 Site History and Land Use
The site of present-day New Bern was inhabited by Tuscarora Indians prior to European
' colonization and was settled in 1710 by Swiss and Germans, who named the town for the
capital of Switzerland. New Bern was North Carolina's leading port from the mid-1700s
through the early 1800s, when major exports were lumber and agricultural products. The
t linking of New Bern to the port of Beaufort and interior portions of the state by the railroad in
the 1850s allowed New Bern to become one of the South's leading lumber producers. During
the Civil War, occupation of New Bern by the Union army made the region a safe haven for
' free blacks.

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The region on the peninsula at the confluence of the Trent and Neuse Rivers, on both banks
of Scotts Creek, became one of the largest settlements of free blacks, later the Town of
James City. Today, the New Bern/James City area remains a major lumber production center
and also produces boats, apparel, dairy products, fertilizer, and processed meats. The city is
an important transportation center, located at the cross-roads of two railroad lines and two
major highways (US 70, providing an east-west corridor and US 17, providing a north-south
coastal corridor) (Powell 1968; Bishir and Southern 1996).
The peninsula is believed to have been developed in the late 1890s to support a sawmill,
lumber storage area, and lumber-shipping port. Several brick structures associated with the
sawmill were constructed within the Site. An approximately 600-ft 0 80-m) long dock was
built into the Neuse River, and a large warehouse was constructed at the river end. A large,
' fenced impoundment area was established on the up-river side of the dock for storing logs,
which were floated down the Neuse and Trent Rivers to the mill. Logs were transported into
' the mill and lumber was transported to the terminal warehouse with the use of trolley cars.
Remnant pilings of the dock facilities can still be seen in the Neuse River during low-water.
The sawmill ceased operation in the mid-1920s and fell into disrepair. Scattered bricks, other
' building debris, and sawdust mark locations of the milling operation within the Site.
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The Site may have served as a deposition area for dredged material collected from the barge
docks and shipping ways on both banks of the mouth of Scotts Creek. The peninsula
landscape has been subject to excavations, deposition of fill material, impoundment
construction, and grading activities that have occurred over the last century or more. The age
of trees within the depression indicate that it was excavated in the mid-1970s, probably in
association with a dredging operation either in the Neuse River or the mouth of Scotts Creek.
The 1961 aerial photograph (Figure 3) indicates that the Site supported a mixture of canopy
trees and shrub vegetation in the interior and a shrub/emergent marsh fringe of varying width
along the Neuse River and Scotts Creek shorelines. Structures visible along the Neuse River
shoreline appeared to be remnant building footings. An obvious feature within the Site was
a crescent-shaped, man-made channel that entered the Site from the Scotts Creek shoreline.
There appeared to be an island of dredged material (possibly organic-based sediment) on the
Scotts Creek side of the crescent. The tip of the peninsula appeared to have received sand
fill, possibly from the dredging of a channel in the mouth of Scotts Creek.
The 1970 aerial photograph (Figure 4) indicates that the Site was almost completely cleared
of vegetation, with the exception of scattered mature hardwood trees. The Site surface
appeared to have been reworked, and the crescent was partially filled. The remainder of the
crescent appeared to support a shrub/emergent marsh plant community with a narrow central
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' drainage channel. This photograph was apparently taken in winter, so Site vegetation
' appeared sparse.
The 1989 aerial photograph (Figure 5) indicated that major road construction had occurred
' immediately west of the Site since 1970 (the four-lane US 70 bypass of New Bern, which
includes a bridge over the Trent River and west-bound off ramp into New Bern along the
western boundary of the Site). Site vegetation had apparently been allowed to succeed
' unchecked; vegetation patterns in the photograph appeared similar to patterns in the 1961
photograph. The crescent continued to support a mixture of trees, shrubs, and emergent
t vegetation, and the upper end was opened to Scotts Creek, most likely due to the erosive
energy of boat wakes. A photographic signature indicated the location of the ridge depression,
which was excavated during the early to mid-1970s. The depression was most likely created
to contain dredged material resulting from the maintenance of a shipping channel in the mouth
of Scotts Creek. This photograph also indicates the locations of proposed roadways
I associated with the US 17 bridge over the Neuse River.
The 1996 aerial photograph (Figure 6) indicates a dense tangle of trees and shrubs throughout
' the interior of the Site. The emergent marsh fringe narrowed in places due to shading from
overstory vegetation. The Scotts Creek shoreline was eroded by wakes from heavy boat
traffic associated with the bridge-construction staging area on the opposite bank. This wave
' energy opened both ends of the crescent and was eroding the relict dredged spoil mound on
the shoreline. The location of the forested depression was visible by the aerial photograph
' signature of evergreen shrubs lining the depression rim. Portions of the Site were cleared in
association with the construction of the new US 17 bridge over the Neuse River. A track was
erected across the widest expanse of onsite emergent marsh for the transport of bridge-
construction cranes to barges. Portions of the Site are proposed to contain both earthen
ramps and bents supporting bridge ramps and a temporary drainage spillway. Roadway
structures proposed for the structure are indicated in Figure 7.
2.3 Geology
' The Coastal Plain comprises sediments deposited since the Cretaceous Period, 138 million
years before present (m.y.B.P.), by a series of transgressions and regressions of the Atlantic
' Ocean. In North Carolina, Coastal Plain sediments generally dip to the east or southeast, and
the sediment thickness increases from west to east (Stuckey and Conrad 1958). The
underlying geologic unit at the Site is the River Bend Formation, which was deposited in the
' late Oligocene Epoch of the Tertiary Period (from 38 to 24 m.y.B.P.) .) (NCGS 1985). The
River Bend Formation is composed of a limestone rock and clay base, overlain by and
interspersed with fingers of rigid sands and molluscan fossiliferous limestone. The Site lies
' in a region of the state known as the Albemarle Embayment, which has recently (in geological
terms) elevated from oceanic settings and is reentrant in nature due to rising sea-level, causing
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B-2531 Date: August 2000
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vast acreage of low depressional areas and flooding along the shoreline of the Pamlico Sound
and its tributaries.
2.4 Water Resources
The Site is located within the Neuse River Basin in Hydrologic Unit #03020202 (USGS 1974).
Primary sources of hydrology include overbank flooding from the Neuse River and Scotts Creek
and local rainfall. Tides in this portion of the Neuse River are primarily wind driven (pers.
comm., Allen Clark, DWQ). High waters are typically the result of (1) rainfall and runoff
within the Neuse River Basin and (2) backup of the Neuse River and Scotts Creek by wind-
driven water from the Pamlico Sound. Local rainfall either sheet flows or moves laterally
through the soil toward streams. Secondary factors which drive the irregular hydrology of the
local marshes include sediment properties, micro/macrotopography, vegetation density or
patterns, abundance of wrack (decaying plant debris, sometimes concentrated and deposited
into linear piles by waves and currents), and evapotranspiration. Local hydrology includes
vertical and/or radial groundwater outflow from the seasonally-flooded, man-made depression
within fill material deposited on site.
2.4.1 Surface Water
The Neuse River is a brownwater (or alluvial) system formed within the Piedmont
physiographic province of North Carolina (as opposed to a blackwater system, which is formed
within the Coastal Plain). The hydrology of this system is primarily controlled by two factors,
(1) the lunar-tidally influenced Atlantic Ocean and Pamlico Sound and (2) the cumulative effect
of precipitation and groundwater seepage within the many tributaries of the drainage basin.
Scotts Creek is a blackwater stream, and its primary hydrological influence is discharge from
drainage basin precipitation. Groundwater seepage is also an important influence. These
hydrological inputs result in irregular discharge peaks due to frontal or local weather events,
and discharge may drop to near zero in drought conditions. When blackwater streams are
tributaries to alluvial or brownwater streams, as Scotts Creek is to the Neuse River, an
additional, strong hydrological influence on the blackwater stream may be the "water dam
effect." This dam effect occurs when peak flows in the alluvial stream slow, or even stop, the
flow from the blackwater system (Wharton et a/. 1982).
2.4.1.1 Neuse River
The Neuse River Basin is oriented from northwest to southeast across the central portion of
eastern North Carolina. Basin headwaters are located in Person and Orange Counties. The
Neuse is formed by the conjunction of the Flat and Eno rivers in upper Falls Lake along the
Granville/Durham County line. The Neuse River empties into Pamlico Sound along the
Pamlico/Carteret County line. The entire basin is approximately 190 miles (mi) [305 kilometers
{km}] long, averages approximately 40 mi (64 km) wide through the center, and narrows
toward the extremes. The Neuse River drainage basin encompasses approximately 6,192
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square mi (16,037 km') in 19 counties and includes approximately 3,293 mi (5,299 km) of
freshwater streams, 328,700 ac (133,020 ha) of salt water systems, and thousands of acres
of freshwater impoundments.
The N.C. Division of Water Quality (DWQ) monitors salinity from the surface to 11 ft (3.3 m)
deep from the US 171Neuse River bridge between New Bern and Bridgeton. This recording
station is approximately 1.0 mi (1.6 km) upstream of the Site. Salinities are recorded on a
monthly basis; readings from December 1990 to October 1996 are included in Appendix A.
During this 6-year period, salinometer readings of Neuse River surface waters ranged from
fresh (0.0 to 0.5 parts per thousand [ppt]) to a high of 15.5 ppt, and bottom waters ranged
from fresh to a high of 21.0 ppt. (Seawater is a relatively consistent 35 ppt.) Estuaries that
fluctuate within this salinity range are considered oligohaline. Estuarine salinity fluctuations
are typically extreme and aperiodic. During and immediately following periods of rain,
freshwater runoff may flush much of the salinity from local portions of the system. During
periods of low flows and light winds, denser salt water will creep upstream while the less
dense freshwater discharge flows over the top of the "salt wedge", resulting in a stratified
system. Dynamic energy imparted to the water surface by strong winds and turbulent currents
may mix saline waters throughout the water column. Fringing emergent marshes lie in a
dynamic transition zone between freshwater and estuarine systems and serve important roles
in water quality as partial filters for river inputs.
Past alterations to the Neuse River that affect its present influence on the Site include: (1)
clearing, ditching, and filling of much of the drainage basin for agricultural and silvicultural
production, and residential, commercial, and industrial development; (2) the cumulative effects
on the Neuse system due to sedimentation and elevated nutrient inputs; and (3) the lowering
of upper Neuse River tributary stages and adjacent groundwater tables due to the straightening
and channelization of tributary streams. Clearing, ditching, and removal of areas from basin
floodplains have reduced the ability of floodplains to moderate flow velocities and store flood
waters. This has magnified stream discharges through lower portions of the Neuse River
following rainfall events.
2.4.1.2 Scotts Creek
The source of Scotts Creek is located approximately 2.6 miles (4.2 km) south of the Site, near
the community of Granthams. The Scotts Creek drainage basin encompasses approximately
1,300 ac (526 ha). This low-energy system meanders from south to north, through James
City, before turning east and emptying into the Neuse River. Historically, Scotts Creek has
been impacted by residential neighborhoods, road and railroad construction, and light
commercial and industrial development in James City. The influence of the Neuse River on
Scotts Creek is presently moderated by fill material and culverts associated with the US 70
crossing near the mouth of the creek. A channel in the mouth of Scotts Creek and the
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' adjacent south bank have been maintained for use as a shipping facility for at least the past
' 35 years.
2.4.2 Surface Hydrology
' Site surface hydrology is generally the result of overbank flooding caused by high water, wave
action, wind-driven tides, and rainfall. Residence time is a result of river level,
microtopographic relief, vegetation density, evapotranspiration, and sediment type. The Neuse
' River shoreline is characterized by a slightly elevated, sandy levee. This levee has been
created through the dissipation of wave energy on the edge of the emergent marsh, and now
' serves as a protective barrier against wave action during normal flows. This levee also has
some function as a dam to retain water within the marsh and prevent the export of wrack
except under high-water conditions. Onsite wrack lines indicate that periodic storm events
' result in high energy, high water levels that nearly inundate the Site. The northeastern and
southeastern corners of the depression rim appear to have been breached by Neuse River
' flooding in the recent past, possibly due to the passage of Hurricane Fran in September 1996.
The man-made depression in the center of the Site is isolated by elevation from adjacent
' surface water systems except during powerful storm events (hurricanes or northeasters).
Surface hydrology within the depression is suspected to be dependent on direct precipitation,
and the system may cease to support surface water during late summer. Surface water in this
area supported a small fish population at the time of field work in 1996 and 1997, but the
presence of these fish are likely a result of high waters generated during,the passage of
Hurricane Fran.
2.4.3 Groundwater
' Regional groundwater flow in the North Carolina Coastal Plain is generally in a down-dip
direction to the southeast. Rivers in this region of the state generally flow from northwest to
southeast, roughly paralleling dip direction. Shallow groundwater generally occurs under
unconfined (water table) conditions within 5 ft (1.5 m) of the surface, as evidenced by the
large expanses of hydric soils in the vicinity of the Site.
The Site consists of organic sediments resulting from the presence of brackish marsh and
sandy sediments associated with fill materials remaining from past development and dredged
' material storage. Hydrology within the Site includes the vertical and/or radial groundwater
flow of local precipitation on the ridge and ponded water within the depression. Groundwater
' either surfaces at the edge of Site marshes and sheet flows to the river or is lost to
evapotranspiration.
' Groundwater characterizations were not possible at most sample points, as hand augered
borings typically collapsed at 0.5 to 4.0 ft (0.2 to 1.2 m) in depth. Based on visual
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observations, the groundwater table may range from surface exposure within marshes and the
man-made depression to a depth below 6.0 ft (1.8 m) in areas of fill material.
2.4.4 Water Quality
The portion of the Neuse River (DWQ index # 274961) adjacent to the Site and Scotts Creek
(DWQ index # 27-102), from its source to the Neuse River, has a best usage classification of
C Sw NSW. Class C uses are aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, and
secondary recreation. Secondary recreation refers to activities involving human body contact
with water on an infrequent or incidental basis (DEM 1993). The supplemental classification
Sw refers to "swamp waters", a designation that indicates a stream is characterized by low
velocities. The supplemental classification NSW refers to nutrient sensitive waters, which
require management of nutrient inputs due to the tendency for excessive growth of
microscopic and macroscopic vegetation within the waters. The Benthic Macroinvertebrate
Ambient Network (BMAN) is a State-established network of fixed stations for monitoring
biological, chemical, physical, and hydrological characteristics of stream systems. A
bioclassification is assigned to each station based on most recent data. A BMAN station
located approximately 15 miles (24 km) upstream from the Site at SR 1423 and the Neuse
River has a rating of Fair (DEM 1989, 1991; Lenate, personal communication, Sept 1999).
Downstream from the BMAN station and upstream of the Site, three industries have permits
to discharge more than 5 million gallons per day (MGD) of flow: Weyerhauser (37 MGD),
Martin Marietta 0 2 MGD?, and the New Bern waste water treatment plant (5 MGD). DWQ
conducted fish sampling in the Neuse River at New Bern for analysis of metals, pesticides, and
organics during a period from 1980 to 1989. All results were within Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) requirements (DEM 1992).
2.5 Soils
NRCS soil map units at the Site (USDA 1989) consisted of the Udorthents series (Figure 8).
Soil map units contain fill material approximately 3.0 ft (0.9 m) in thickness with surface layers
ranging from extremely to strongly acidic. Topography was nearly level over most of the Site
to gently sloping along the central ridge.
Soil borings across higher portions of the Site indicated the presence of interspersed surface
layers to 1.0 ft (0.3 m) in depth consisting of black and dark brown to light gray loams and
sandy loams. In some locations this surface material may represent deposits from adjacent
road construction or excavation activities in Masontown and Muckalee soil map units.
Underlying deposits consist primarily of coarse marine sands extending below a depth of 6.0
ft 0.8 m).
15

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' Based on soil samples, this site shows evidence of having sustained multiple land uses over
' a long period of time which have altered, buried, and obscured native soil formations in the
area.
' 2.6 Vegetation
Site plant communities have undergone periodic natural and man-made disturbances during the
past century. Disturbances included clearing and filling for building construction and storage
' of fill and dredged material. The Site was most recently cleared of most vegetation shortly
before the 1970 aerial photograph (Figure 4) was made, and a portion of the ridge was
' excavated sometime during the mid-1970s. More recent disturbances included wind and
flooding damage caused by the passage of two hurricanes in 1996. Both storms resulted in
broken and downed trees.
' The existing vegetative cover is a structurally-complex mosaic of forest, shrub, marsh, and
maintained areas. Four communities were identified at the Site: coastal forest, brackish
marsh complex, tidal cypress-gum swamp, and maintained land (Figure 9). Vascular plant
names followed nomenclature found in Radford et al. (1968).
' Coastal Forest
Coastal Forest covers approximately 6.54 ac (2.65 ha) of the central and southeastern
t portions of the Site and contains species that have survived or recolonized areas (1) previously
supporting a sawmill operation, (2) covered with fill material of unknown origin, and (3)
' selectively-thinned prior to 1970. The ground surface of much of this area is covered with fill
material, bricks, tires, and other debris. This community is characterized by an uneven canopy
and a dense ' shrub and ground cover. Trees in more mesic areas include bald cypress
' (Taxodium distichum), red maple (Acer rubrum), white mulberry (Morus alba), and water
hickory (Carya aquatica). Drier areas support southern red oak (Quercus falcata), water oak
(Q. nigra), eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), and occasional white poplar (Populus alba).
' Other woody plants include Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), wisteria (Wisteria sp.), Virginia
creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), and Japanese
I honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). Herbs include pokeweed (Phytolacca americana), smartweed
(Polygonum sp.), and Carolina geranium (Geranium carolinianum).
' Depressional Forest
A forested, trapezoidal depression of approximately 1.0 ac (0.41 ha) is located in the south-
central portion of the Site and appears to be the result of excavation approximately 20-25
years ago. The floor of the depression slopes downward from east to west. The western
portion appears to support surface water for much of the year, while the eastern portion is
' probably only rarely inundated. The canopy is dominated by willow (Salix sp.), red maple,
water oak, and scattered bald cypress. No subcanopy or shrub layer exists. Very few
' 17
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' scattered herbs are evident. The wettest area is characterized by a stand of willows with
scattered cypress. Ponded water supported a layer of duckweed (Lemna sp.).
Brackish Marsh Complex
The Brackish Marsh Complex includes approximately 3.30 ac (1.34 ha) along the Neuse River
shoreline, primarily in the northeastern portion of the Site. This community is dominated by
emergent marsh grasses and includes scattered shrubs and trees on mounds and along inland
' fringes. Species diversity is low in this community, and species are generally distributed in
homogeneous bands or zones parallel to the shoreline. Big cordgrass (Spartina cynosuroides),
shoreline sedge (Carex hyalinolepis), and cattail (Typha spp.) dominate the marsh. Other
herbaceous species include buttercups (Ranunculus spp.), pennywort (Hydrocotyle sp.),
swamp dock (Rumex verticillatus), cornsalad (Valerianella radiata), royal fern (Osmunda
' regalis), arrow arum (Peltandra virginica), and black needlerush (Juncus roemerianus). Shrubs
on the inland fringes of this community include swamp rosemallow (Hibiscus moscheutos),
' groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia), elder (Sambucus canadensis), wax myrtle (Myrica
cerifera), pepper-vine (Ampelopsis arborea), Carolina willow (Salix caroliniana), and American
elm (Ulmus americana). An intermittent sand levee occurres on the shoreline edge, the result
' of wave action breaking up the marsh peat and eroding into the sandy sediment below. The
levee varies in height from marsh level to approximately 3.0 ft (0.9 m) above the marsh.
Where the levee is near marsh level, it supports black needlerush and giant cordgrass. Where
' the levee is well. above the marsh level, it supports saw greenbrier (Smilax bona-nox),
dewberry (Rubus trivialis), virgin's-bower (Clematis virginiana), yellow jessamine (Gelsemium
' sempervirens), and small individuals of bald cypress, water hickory, ash (Fraxinus sp.), and
persimmon (Diospyros virginiana).
Tidal Cypress-Gum Swamp
The Tidal Cypress-Gum Swamp is approximately 1.95 ac (0.79 ha) and is located adjacent to
Scotts Creek in association with the relict crescent-shaped channel. The tidal cypress-gum
swamp was characterized by scattered canopy trees and shrubs underlain by a patchy carpet
of emergent vegetation. Historical aerial photographs indicate that the crescent was open
' water in 1961, supported emergent and floating vegetation in 1970, and was open water at
both ends by 1989. It appears that wakes from vessels entering the mouth of Scotts Creek
continue to erode this area. Scattered canopy dominants include bald cypress, red maple, and
water hickory. Big cordgrass and bulrush (Scirpus americana) dominate the area, which
includes a colony of iris (Iris sp.) and other marsh species.
i Maintained Land
Maintained land includes the maintained road shoulder along the western border of the Site,
' as well as staging areas for bridge construction. This designation includes approximately 0.85
ac (0.34 ha). Maintained land is regularly disturbed by mowing, heavy machinery traffic,
19

' and/or by the storage of equipment associated with bridge construction. The community is
characterized by invasive grasses, herbs, and shrubs including Carolina geranium, Japanese
' honeysuckle, wisteria, Virginia creeper, saw greenbrier, pokeweed, and Chinese privet.
' 2.7 Wildlife
2.7.1 Terrestrial
' Lengyel Site communities are expected to support wildlife species adapted to irregularly-
flooded brackish marshes, coastal forest, and urban disturbance. Food, protective cover,
' water, and nesting sites for many species are available within the Site. However, isolation
from local terrestrial faunal populations by roads associated with the adjacent highway
intersection is expected to reduce opportunity of the Site to provide wildlife benefits.

Mammal sightings or evidence (scat, tracks, burrows) observed on and around the Site
included Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and nutria (Myocastor coypus). Other
mammals likely to occur included southeastern shrew (Sorex longirostris), red bat (Lasiurus
borealis), Seminole bat (Lasiurus semino/us), evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), marsh rabbit
(Sylvilagus palustris), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), beaver (Castor canadensis), marsh
rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus), golden mouse
(Ochrotomys nuttallil, muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), mink (Mustela
vison), and river otter (Lutra canadensis) (Webster et al. 1985).
Birds sighted during field investigations included osprey (Pandion haliaetus), red-tailed hawk
(Buteo jamaicensis), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), American coot (Fulica americana), double-
crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis), laughing gull
(Larus atricilla), killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), rock
dove (Columba livia), morning dove (Zenaida macroura), belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon),
house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), Carolina wren (Thryothorus /udovicianus), Carolina
chickadee (Parus carolinensis), ruby-crowned kinglet (Regulus calendula), northern rough-
winged swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis), red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus),
northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), fish crow (Corvus ossifragus), and American robin
(Turdus migratorius). Other birds likely to occur onsite include great blue heron (Ardea
herodias), snowy egret (Egretta thu/a), great egret (Casmerodius a/ba), common tern (Sterna
hirundo), northern mockingbird (Mimus po/yg/ottos), common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas),
sharp-tailed sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus), and common grackle (Quiscalus quiscu/a)
(Potter et al. 1980).
One reptile was observed at the Site, a yellow bellied slider (Trachemys scripta); however,
' likely residents of the brackish marsh and upland habitats of the Site include snapping turtle
(Chelydra serpentina), eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum), diamondback terrapin
20

(Malaclemys terrapin), five-lined skink (Eumeces fasciatus), southeastern five-lined skink
(Eumeces inexpectatus), six-lined racerunner (Cnemidophorus sexlineatus), eastern glass lizard
(Ophisaurus ventralis), mud snake (Farancia abacura), rainbow snake (Farancia erytrogramma),
brown water snake (Nerodia taxispilota), and the eastern ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritus)
(Palmer and Braswell 1995).
2.7.2 Aquatic
Irregularly-flooded, oligohaline waters and marshes are characterized by periodic fluctuations
in water level, water chemistry (salinity, dissolved oxygen), and temperature. For this reason,
aquatic species that occur in estuaries may migrate with the fluctuations or are adapted to the
dynamic environment. Fishes expected in and adjacent to the Site include permanent resident
estuarine species, migratory (anadromous, semianadromous, and catadromous) species, and
larval forms of marine species that use estuarine marshes as nurseries. Expected permanent
residents include mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrookil, Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias
undulatus), and sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Anadromous fishes that may
be found near the Site include alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (A. aestivalis),
American shad (A. sapidissima), hickory shad (A. mediocris), shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser
brevirostrum), and striped bass (Morone saxatilis); semianadromous species that may occur
in the vicinity include white perch (Morone americana), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and
gizzard shad Worosoma cepedianum); while the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is an expected
catadromous species. Nursery utilizers include striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), pinfish (Lagodon
rhomboides), and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus). During winter months or periods of high
rainfall, this region of the Neuse River may be primarily freshwater and support redbreast
sunfish (Lepomis auritus), bluegill (L. macrochirus), and chain pickerel (Esox niger) (Fish 1968;
Rohde et al. 1'994; Stout 1984; and Wiegert and Freeman 1990).
The marsh and adjacent waters provide suitable benthic habitat for aquatic invertebrates such
as worms, insects, shrimps, and crabs. These organisms serve as prey items for fish and
other wildlife.
2.8 Protected Species
2.8.1 Federal Species
Species with the federal classification of Endangered (E) or Threatened (T) are protected under
the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 (16 USC 1531 et seq.). On 02 May 1997, a
review of NHP records indicated that no federal-listed species existed onsite. The following
federal-protected species are listed for Craven County as of May 1997:
21

u
Status Potential
Species Fed. State Habitat
' Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis)
Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) E
E E
E No
No
Manatee (Trichechus manatus) E E No
American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) T(S/A)a T Yes
' Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) T T No
Sensitive Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) T T Yes
' a
T (S/A) - Threatened due to similarity of appearance
' A brief description of these species follows.
Red-cockaded Woodpecker (RCW) - The RCW is a colonial species found in pine forests of the
' southeastern United States. Primary habitat is southern pine forests consisting of long-leaf
(Pinus palustris), slash (P. eiiiottii), pond (P. serotina), and loblolly (P. taeda) pine species.
' Traditionally, fire-maintained pine flatwoods or long-leaf pine-dominated savannas have served
as ideal nesting and foraging sites.
' BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT. Habitat for this species is lacking on the Site and
in the vicinity, and there are no documented RCW colonies on or near the Site.
Leathererback Sea Turtle - The leatherback is a large, heavy turtle with a soft shell and
leathery skin. This species is primarily tropical in nature and occasionally moves into shallow
' bays, estuaries, and even river mouths. Its preferred food is jellyfish, although the diet
includes other sea animals and seaweed. The leatherback generally nests on sandy, tropical
beaches (Palmer and Braswell 1995).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT. This species is not expected to occur within the
' Site, and there are no documented sightings of this species near the Site.
Manatee - The manatee is a large aquatic mammal that may wander from Florida to as far
north as coastal Virginia during summer (FWS 1993). This species inhabits warm waters, both
fresh and salt, where the diet consists mostly of aquatic vegetation (Webster et al. 1985).
' Vagrant manatees have been documented in the Trent River near the US 70 bridge during late
summer in recent years (NHP records).
' BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT. Due to the lack of suitable aquatic vegetation for
foraging, vagrant manatees are not expected at the Site.
' 22

f
' American Alligator - The American alligator is listed as threatened based on the similarity in
appearance to other federal-listed crocodilians; however, there are no other crocodilians within
North Carolina. This species is not biologically endangered or threatened. American alligators
can be found in a variety of freshwater to estuarine aquatic habitats including swamp forests,
marshes, large streams and canals, and ponds and lakes. Marginal habitat for American
alligator exists on the Site.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT. Past land use activities and present day
disturbances have discourage the use of the Site by the American alligator.
Bald Eagle - The bald eagle is a large raptor associated with large bodies of water in North
Carolina. The adult bird is dark brown with a white head and tail, and immatures are brown
with whitish mottling on their tail, belly, and wing linings. In the Carolinas, nesting season
extends from December through May (Potter et al. 1980). The nest is typically constructed
in a conspicuous, tall, living tree near water. This eagle forages over large bodies of water
where adjacent trees are available for perching (Hamel 1992) and feeds on a wide variety of
aquatic-dependent organisms including fish, snakes, small mammals, and large water birds.
The primary source of food is carrion and fish taken from ospreys (Potter et al. 1980).
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT. No eagles are documented from the Site vicinity
(NHP records). Nesting habitat is not available on the Site.
Sensitive Jointvetch - The sensitive jointvetch is a robust, bushy-branched, annual legume
approximately 3 ft (0.9 m) tall with alternate, pinnately compound leaves (Radford et al.
1968). Flowers are greenish-yellow with red veins, about 1.2-centimeter (0.5-inch) long
(Leonard 1985) and are produced on few-flowered racemes from July to October. In North
Carolina, this species occurs in full sun in moist to wet roadside ditches, moist fields, and tidal
marshes. Sensitive jointvetch has been documented (NHP records) from two locations in the
vicinity of the Site: (1) in a brackish marsh on the eastern bank of the Trent River immediately
north of the US 70 bridge, approximately 2000 ft across the James City peninsula from the
Site; and (2) in a roadside ditch adjacent to the eastern shoulder of Howell Road (SR 1167),
approximately 1.1 mi south of the Site. Both of these records are more than 10 years old.
Possible habitat for this species exists on the Site.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT. No populations of the jointvetch have been
documented or observed on Site.
23

D

fl
Federal Species of Concern (FSC) listed for Craven County (list date December 1999), their
North Carolina status, and an indication of whether potential habitat for each species exists
on the Site are listed below.
Species State Habitat
Bachman's Sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) Sc No
Southern Hognose Snake (Heterodon simus) SR No
Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) SR No
Croatan Crayfish (Procambarus plumimanus) SR No
Annointed Sallow Moth (Pryeferra plumimanus) * - -
Carolina Spleenwort (Asplenium heteroresiliens) E No
Chapman's Sedge (Carex chapmaniil * WL No
Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) C-SC No
White Wicky (Kalmia cuneata) * E-SC No
Pondspice (Litsea aestivalis) C No
Godfrey's Sandwort (Minuartia godfreyi) E P
Loose Watermilfoil (Myriophyl/um laxum) T No
Savanna Cowbane (Oxypolis ternata) WL No
Spring-flowering Goldenrod (Solidago verna) E/PT No
Carolina Asphodel (Tofie/dia glabra) * C No
P = Possible
"Historical Record - the species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
E - Endangered T - Threatened FSC - Federal Species of Concern
SC - Special Concern C - Candidate SR - Significantly Rare
WL - Watch List P - Proposed
2.8.2 State Species
Species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and plants with the North Carolina status of
Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Special Concern (SC) receive limited protection under the
North Carolina Endangered Species Act (G.S. 113-331 et seq.) and the North Carolina Plant
Protection Act of 1979 (G.S. 106-202.12 et seq.). On 02 May 1997 a review of NHP records
indicated that no state-listed species have been found onsite.
' 2.9 Wetlands
Jurisdictional wetland limits are regulated under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act by the
' U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) and under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) by
the N.C. Division of Coastal Management (DCM). As stipulated in the 1987 COE wetland
24
C

delineation manual, the presence of three defined parameters (hydrophytic vegetation, hydric
soils, and evidence of wetland hydrology) are required for a wetland jurisdictional
determination (DOA 1987). CAMA coastal wetlands are generally defined as marshes subject
to occasional flooding that support specific vegetation, some of which occur within the Site.
The portions of the Site that fall under the jurisdiction of COE or DCM have been delineated
and surveyed by NCDOT personnel. The pre-mitigation jurisdictional status of the Site is
shown in Figure 10.
Site jurisdictional areas are estuarine and palustrine as defined by Cowardin et a/. (1979).
Estuarine waters are usually partially enclosed by land yet have an outlet to the open ocean.
Estuaries are regions of mixing of freshwater inland runoff and marine waters and are
characterized by salinities that may range from less than 0.5 ppt (brackish water) to 35 ppt
(sea water) or saltier during dry periods. Local estuarine wetlands are low-energy systems
with water regimes and water chemistry affected by wind-driven tides, precipitation,
freshwater runoff, and evaporation. The Pamlico Sound acts as a buffer between coastal
rivers, such as the Neuse and Pamlico, and the ocean. Onsite estuarine areas are of three
types: 1) intertidal, emergent herbaceous/shrub-scrub wetlands, 2) intertidal, emergent
herbaceous/forested wetlands, and 3) intertidal, emergent herbaceous/forested wetlands.
Palustrine wetlands are typically characterized by freshwater, vegetated areas. The single type
of palustrine wetland that occurs on Site is the forested wetland found within the depression.
' Site wetlands total approximately 7.15 ac (2.89 ha). Existing jurisdictional systems are
described as follows.

n
Estuarine, intertidal, emergent herbaceous/shrub-scrub wetland (E2EM/SS)
The E2EM/SS designation corresponds to the brackish marsh complex plant community and
CAMA "coastal wetlands." This wetland type accounts for approximately 3.30 ac (1.34 ha)
and consists primarily of herbaceous perennials, dominated by big cordgrass, and a shrub-scrub
fringe along the landward edge of the marsh. River flooding, wind tides, and groundwater
provide a constant saturation to the surface and regular surface flooding within this wetland.
Brackish marshes occur in relatively low-energy systems with irregular, wind-driven tides.
Sediments within these marshes are more organic than salt marsh sediments, as there is less
mineral input in a brackish marsh. The brackish marsh substrate is primarily formed of
decaying organic material from past growing seasons, which is easily broken and disseminated
by wave action. Edges of this wetland that are subject to wave action will develop a sand
levee as the organic substrate is broken up and the underlying sand is compiled by the process
of wave energy dissipation. Emergent marsh grasses grade into salt-tolerant shrubs on
elevated berms and along the shoreward fringe.
Generally, irregularly-flooded marshes are characterized by minor inputs of inorganic sediments
and major inputs of organic debris, resulting in the accumulation of a peaty substrate. A slow
25

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Scale As Shown Date August 2000

but gradual increase in the river level due to sea level rise results in the breaking up and
washing away of the relatively unstable shoreline edge of the marsh substrate as wave energy
rolls the protective sand berm landward. The rising water levels also allow emergent
vegetation to migrate landward. If climatic conditions and marsh physiography allow the
brackish marsh to remain relatively stable, the increased elevation of the organic substrate will
provide conditions amenable for colonization by shrub and tree species.
Estuarine, intertidal, shrub-scrub/forested wetland (E2SS/FO)
The E2SS/FO designation corresponds to the wet portion of the coastal forest plant community
and accounts for approximately 0.90 ac (0.36 ha). This wetland type is characterized by
dense thickets of shrubs and trees. The vegetation structure is a result of thinning that
occurred prior to 1970 (Figure 4). Snags remaining from this thinning are now subtended by
thickets of regenerating coastal forest tree species and shrubs. Dominant tree species within
this wetland type are bald cypress, red maple, red mulberry, and water hickory. Dominant
shrubs include groundsel tree, wax myrtle, and Chinese privet. This wetland type is
characterized by temporarily saturated soils, and surface water occurs only as a result of
aperiodic events such as high winds or heavy rainfall. Sources of water are the Neuse River,
Scotts Creek, direct precipitation, and seepage from the Site depression.
Estuarine, intertidal, emergent herbaceous/forested wetland (E2EM/FO)
' The E2EM/FO designation corresponds to the tidal cypress-gum swamp and adjacent wet
coastal forest that occurs along the shoreline of Scotts Creek and accounts for approximately
' 1.95 ac (0.79 ha). This wetland is characterized by patches of emergent grasses and herbs
among scattered trees along the edge of Scotts Creek and thickets of trees along the
shoreward fringe. Bald cypress is the dominant tree species and is supplemented with red
' maple and water hickory. Grasses and herbs are characterized by big cordgrass, bulrush, and
sedges. This wetland is subject to wind-driven tides, Scotts Creek outflow, and the wakes
' of water-craft entering and exiting the mouth of Scotts Creek. Historical aerial photography
(Figures 3 through 6) indicate that this wetland has been gradually subsiding due to erosive
forces.
Palustrine, forested saturated wetland (PFO)
The PFO designation corresponds to the wet portion of the depressional forest and accounts
' for approximately 1.0 ac (0.41 ha). The vegetation consists almost entirely of secondary-
growth canopy trees, dominated by willow, red maple, and water oak, and including scattered
' cypress. There is little shrub or herbaceous growth. This wetland is isolated from the adjacent
estuarine systems by a rim consisting of excavated material. Hydrological inputs to this
wetland appear to be limited to direct precipitation and aperiodic over-rim incursions by waters
' of the Neuse River.
27

3.0 MARSH MITIGATION PLAN
' A primary mitigation goal is to maximize the area of irregularly-flooded brackish marsh complex
that can be restored within the Lengyel Site. This goal can be accomplished by the removal
' of fill material and the reintroduction of natural aquatic-emergent vegetation. The Site
contained 7.15 ac (2.89 ha) of jurisdictional wetlands. Portions of the onsite jurisdictional
wetlands that naturally occur in this landscape position include the brackish marsh complex
' and the tidal cypress-gum swamp. The remainder of the onsite jurisdictional wetlands include
disturbed land that was most likely a mix of these two communities historically, but now
consists of secondary-growth vegetation on fill material. Portions of the fill material area now
support wetlands including the wet coastal forest and wet depressional forest, but these
wetlands offer little in terms of wetland functions to the local ecosystem.
' 3.1 Reference Marsh Ecosystem
' A reference marsh ecosystem (RME) was used to determine substrate elevations and
vegetation patterns appropriate for onsite restoration of a brackish marsh complex. The
selected RME was a region of relatively undisturbed brackish marsh within the subject Site;
' the RME was located north of the proposed "Ramp DB" crossing of the Site (Figure 11). A
transect was flagged and surveyed (for location and elevation) from the Neuse River shoreline
inland to the toe of the highway fill slope, a distance of approximately 337 ft (102.7 m).
' Vegetational and elevational data gathered along this transect were used to develop this
mitigation plan.
' Topographically, the RME is characterized as a relatively level and slightly undulating flat parcel
protected along the shoreline by an elevated sand levee and extending inland to the toe of a
' roadway fill slope. Approximate distances between points and their elevations along the RME
transect are provided in Appendix B. The Neuse River levee is approximately 33 ft (10 m)
' wide and peaks at an elevation of 3.0 ft (0.9 m) above MSL. The surface elevation of the
inner reach of the RME (between the outer levee and the inner toe of the roadway slope)
undulates between maximum and minimum elevations of approximately 2.0 ft (0.6 m) and 1.4
t ft (0.4 m) above MSL, respectively, and averages 1.6 ft (0.5 m) above MSL. The lowest area
of the inner reach occurred in a band immediately adjacent to the roadway slope at the most
inland portion of the marsh.
' Vegetation within the RME occurrs in bands or zones generally oriented parallel to the
shoreline. The inner edge of the levee supported a band of black needlerush. The levee varies
in width and elevation along its length. Lower portions of the levee support black needlerush
while higher portions may support more mesic grasses, vines, and shrubs. Levee vegetation
' includes saw greenbrier, dewberry, virgin's-bower, yellow jessamine, and small individuals of
bald cypress, water hickory, ash, and persimmon. The inner reach of the marsh
' 28
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Am_ I_ ? ?
FR96n21.02/Lena_aII don

C?
is dominated by homogenous stands of big cordgrass. The big cordgrass is transected by
narrow, homogeneous bands of shoreline sedge. These bands are most likely the result of
' storm-generated lines of wrack that have prevented growth of vegetation on the underlying
marsh substrate for one or more growing season. The toe of the fill slope supports shrub and
' tree species adapted to wet conditions, such as those previously mentioned as occurring on
the outer levee.
' 3.2 Hydrology Restoration
Portions of the Site contain fill material of some sort for at least the last century. Brackish
marsh hydrology will be restored through the removal of fill material and surface grading to
' estimated natural contours prior to the introduction of new fill material. The Site will be
graded to elevations determined through the use of the RME. Fill removal and grading will
' occur on approximately 6.54 ac (2.65 ha) of the Site. An approximately 20-ft (6.1-m) wide
and 3.0-ft (0.9-m) high sand levee will be left or established along the Neuse River shoreline.
The existing, relict levee varies in height from approximately marsh level to 3.0 ft (0.9 m)
' above MSL; however, initial construction of the levee to a uniform height may provide the
newly graded marsh with a temporary respite from the erosive energy of storm waves during
' the establishment period of planted marsh vegetation. The dimensions of natural marsh fringe
levees vary with climatological and hydrological events, and the dimensions of the proposed
levee will be expected to evolve in like fashion after initial establishment.
' The inner reach of the proposed marsh (between the outer levee and the inner toe of the
roadway slope) will be graded to an average elevation of 1.6 ft (0.5 m) above MSL. The final
' grading of the site should be conducted in a pattern parallel with the Neuse River shoreline to
reduce the tendency for erosion channels to form. Grading the Site surface to RME elevations
' will allow for the establishment of hydrology characteristic of an undisturbed brackish marsh
system in this portion of the Neuse River Basin. Site hydrology will be dominated by the
Neuse River and Scotts Creek and to a lesser extent by direct precipitation, runoff from
adjacent uplands, and groundwater seepage.
' Fill removal and proposed grading will result in the transformation of approximately 1.90 ac
(0.77 ha) of existing wetlands to brackish marsh. The existing wetlands proposed for
transformation consist of 1.0 ac (0.41 ha) of wet depressional forest and 0.9 ac (0.36 ha) of
I wet coastal forest. All of these wetland types occur in historical brackish marsh system and
offer little in terms of wetland functions to the local environment. These wetlands are
predominately isolated, rainwater storage basins that support a low-diversity, 20-year old
' forest. A wet coastal forest occurs on the lower slope of fill material adjacent to the existing
brackish marsh and tidal cypress-gum swamp, which supports a low species diversity with a
high incidence of nuisance species (Chinese privet, Japanese honeysuckle).

30

L?
In addition to the removal of fill material and grading to the elevation of the reference marsh,
a swale connected to Scotts Creek will be excavated through the site. The details of this
swale are shown in the NCDOT design plans. The purpose of this swale is to provide
increased diversity to the site. The swale will be excavated to the elevations shown in the
NCDOT design plans as advised by the National Marine Fisheries Service.
Plans for the construction of the new bridge include the construction of a stormwater retention
basin and spillway in the vicinity of the proposed "Line U across the Site. At the conclusion
of Site restoration activities, the retention basin will be reduced to the minimum size necessary
for estimated stormwater flows and the spillway will be removed. Stormwater discharge will
be allowed to move across the Site as groundwater or sheet flow. The restored marsh will
thus function as an energy buffer for concentrated roadway surface water runoff and a water
quality enhancement filter.
3.3 Vegetation Restoration
Mitigation goals for plant communities include 1? restoration of wetland communities that are
characteristic of natural systems in similar landscape positions and 2) restoration of wetland
communities that maximize wetland functions to the local environment. Restoration of a
brackish marsh system will enhance and diversify wetland functions provided by the Site, as
well as provide habitat for development and expansion of characteristic wetland plants and
animals.
The Site is planned to be restored as a brackish marsh system. A portion of the Site adjacent
' to Scotts Creek presently supports a tidal cypress-gum swamp community. This community
is basically a.brackish marsh system with scattered trees. Due to the proposed bridge ramps
' in the vicinity of the Site, trees associated with the tidal cypress-gum swamp will be removed
as construction haszards, effectively converting this area to brackish marsh.
' Within the peninsular portion of the Site, fill material will be removed from approximately 6.54
ac (2.65 ha) (Figure 11) and the surface will be graded to RME contours. This area will be
' planted with seedlings of big cordgrass on 3.0-ft (0.9-m) centers. Planting should occur
between 1 April and 15 June to avoid adverse climatological conditions of the late winter and
early spring and provide seedlings with an entire growing season for establishment.
0
11

Measures will be taken to reduce the impacts of wave action along the Neuse River shore of
the site. The purpose of these measures will be to dissipate wave energy from the Neuse
River in an attempt to protect the site in the early stages of vegetation establishment.
Measures such as coir fiber logs and mats will be considered and implemented. The location
and frequency of these measures are shown on NCDOT design drawings.
31

Measures will be taken to reduce the impacts of storm water-caused erosion from the roadway
runoff. The existing design accommodates these measures by reducing the stormwater flow
rate and discharge point such that it will not cause erosional channels to develop.

4.0 MONITORING PLAN
Monitoring of wetland restoration efforts will be performed until success criteria are fulfilled.
Monitoring is proposed for two wetland components: hydrology and vegetation.
4.1 Hydrology
A surficial hydrology monitoring network of wells will be installed at the conclusion of Site
hydrological modifications. The monitoring wells will be designed and placed in accordance
with specifications in COE's Installing Monitoring Wells/Peizometers in Wetlands (WRP
Technical Note HY-IA-3.1, August 1993). The network will utilize RDS WL-80 continuous
monitoring wells. These wells can continuously record water levels along a 80-inch (2 m)
vertical gradient. Three wells are proposed for the area where fill material will be removed and
grading will occur, and three wells are proposed for the RME to record surface water and
ground water.
4. 1.1 Monitoring
' Continuous monitoring wells will be adjusted to record water levels at 3-hour intervals. The
continuous monitoring wells will be in operation throughout the year, and data will be
downloaded at intervals (1) sufficient to ensure proper operation and maintenance of the
' hardware and (2) necessary to satisfy the established hydrology success criteria (EPA 1990).

4.1.2 Success Criteria
Success will be measure using monitoring well data to demonstrate that the restored marsh
areas are inundated or saturated within 12 inches of the ground surface for 25% of the
growing season. Should the marsh restoration area fail to meet this criterion, a comparative
analysis of the restoration area and the reference marsh area will be performed to determine
whether they are statistically different. Success will be achieved if one of the above criteria
are met and the planted vegetation is successful. If it is determined that, based on the above
criteria the site is not successful, the Department will consult with the resource agencies that
contributed to the development of this plan before taking any remedial measures.
4.2 Vegetation
Restoration monitoring procedures for vegetation are designed in accordance with EPA
guidelines enumerated in Mitigation Site Type (MiST) documentation (EPA 1990) A general
discussion of the restoration monitoring plan is provided.
32

4.2.1 Monitoring
The quantitative marsh vegetation monitoring of the wetland site will be accomplished in
accordance with the draft guidelines for "Site Monitoring Surveys for Emergent Marsh
Mitigation" (established by the National Marine Fisheries Service [NMFS]) by evaluation of
randomly distributed 1 square meter plots within the site and located by GPS.
4.2.2 Success Criteria
The vegetative marsh success of the wetland will be determined in accordance with the NMFS
Guidelines. The marsh vegetative component of the wetland site will be deemed successful
if the following criteria are met.
1. The average of all plots should have an 75 percent vegetative cover consisting
of wetland herbaceous species, not including any invasive species.
2. A minimum of 70 percent of the plots will contain the target (planted) wetland
species.
4.3 Report Submittal
After the completion of planting, an as built report will be generated that includes a plan view
of the Site, final elevations, photographs, monitoring well locations, and a discussion of the
t planting design.
NCDOT will submit yearly mitigation monitoring reports for each assessment period for 5 years
' following final site manipulation. These reports will include, at a minimum, sample plots,
gauge and rainfall data, photographs, and problems/resolution. Annual reports will be
' submitted to the appropriate permitting agencies.

4.4 Contingency
In the event that vegetation or hydrology success criteria are not fulfilled, a mechanism for
contingency will be implemented. For the vegetation component, additional planting and
extended monitoring periods will be implemented if the success criteria is not being
successfully met.
Hydrological contingency will require consultation with the natural resource agencies including,
but not limited to, DCM, the COE, and DWQ. If hydrologic success criteria are not met during
the five year monitoring period in the marsh restoration area, remedial actions will be discussed
which may include re-evaluation of the hydrologic success criteria as they relate to the
reference marsh, marsh elevations, and overall site feasibility. Similarly, if vegetation success
has not been established within the five year monitoring period in the restoration area, the COE
and other resource agencies will be consulted and remedial measures will be determined and
33

' subsequently carried out. Hydrologic and vegetation data from the reference area will play a
key role in the determination of success if the above criteria are not met

d

34

' 5.0 DISPENSATION OF PROPERTY
' NCDOT will maintain ownership of the property until all mitigation activities are completed and
the Site is determined to be successful. Although no plan for dispensation of the Lengyel
' Mitigation Site has been developed, NCDOT will deed the property to a resource agency (public
or private) acceptable to the appropriate regulatory agencies. Covenants and/or restrictions
on the deed will be included that will ensure adequate management and protection of the Site
' in perpetuity.

I
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35

6.0 MITIGATION VALUE
6.1 Pre-mitigation Wetland Functions
The 13.198-ac (5.34-ha) Site currently contains approximately 7.15 (2.89 ha) of jurisdictional
wetlands, 1.90 ac (0.77 ha) of which occurs as secondary growth forest (coastal forest and
depressional forest) on fill material in an historically brackish marsh setting. Under existing
land uses, the wetlands on fill material exhibit minimal functions. The 0.90 ac (0.36 ha) of
jurisdictional coastal forest occurs on low-elevational portions of compacted and debris-laden
fill material. This wetland provides negligible value in terms of hydrodynamics (dynamic and
long-term surface water storage, energy dissipation, subsurface water storage, and moderation
of groundwater flow). Periodic scouring of the substrate due to climatic events promotes
organic carbon export but limits onsite biogeochemical cycling.
The 1.0 ac (0.41 ha) of jurisdictional depressional forest is isolated from adjacent wetlands by
location within a man-made depression within a mound of fill material. Hydrodynamic
functions are relatively static as this wetland acts as a confined stormwater pond whose only
outlet is through evapotranspiration and groundwater seepage. This wetland is supporting an
isolated, secondary growth, freshwater swamp forest in the midst of a landscape dominated
by brackish marsh complex.
' The floral and faunal populations characteristic of the brackish marsh landscape setting have
been out-competed by successional, disturbance-adapted species (coastal forest wetland) and
by invasive freshwater swamp species (depressional forest wetland). These wetland systems
are isolated to many mobile fauna by the roadway system located immediately west of the
Site.

F
1

6.2 Post-mitigation Wetland Functions
Wetland restoration plans have been designed to restore wetland features and functions similar
to those exhibited by the RME. After implementation, the Site is expected to support
approximately 11.79 ac (4.77 ha) of irregularly-flooded brackish marsh wetlands.
Projected performance of wetland functions on the mitigation site is inferred from conditions
expected after mitigation activities are completed. This assessment assumes that restoration
plans are implemented and that the wetland is protected from man-induced disturbances in
perpetuity. These assumptions are valid if the Site is deeded or donated to a conservation
organization that will manage the Site after wetland restoration success is achieved.
Proposed alterations are expected to restore near-surface and above-surface hydrodynamics
' throughout the Site. The black needlerush and coarse sands of the levee will dissipate wave
energy along the marsh outer perimeter. The transformation of coastal and depressional forest

36

' to inundated/saturated brackish marsh wetlands will also increase biochemical functions such
as the biological fixing of carbon, export of organic sediments to the estuary, retention of
' particulates, removal of elements and compounds, and nutrient cycling. The restoration of an
irregularly-flooded marsh adjacent to the Neuse River will increase the capacity of area
wetlands to support characteristic floral and faunal communities and will enhance and protect
' water quality. The location of this marsh at the mouth of Scotts Creek will provide a natural
buffer between creek outflows and the Neuse River estuary.
' Biotic functions potentially restored in the complex include habitat for certain aquatic and semi-
aquatic wildlife guilds. These estuarine wetland interactions are considered degraded within
' the Site due to the presence of fill material. An increase in area of marsh along this shoreline
due to restoration will provide more opportunities in terms of aquatic nursery areas than are
' presently available.
The addition of the tidal swale will add diversity to the Site in the form of a naturalized open
I water channel for interior wildlife access to the restored marsh. Although this feature is
neither a typical natural feature of the historical onsite wetlands nor present at the reference
' area, it is proposed to enhance the habitat usage at the restoration area.
6.3 Mitigation Value
' This planned mitigation site has numerous values related to improving wetland importance in
the region. The proposed mitigation onsite is justified by the following factors: 1) the strategic
location of proposed wetlands mitigation adjacent to open waters within the degraded Neuse
' River system; (2) onsite, in-kind nature of the wetlands mitigation in a landscape position
designed to intercept, moderate, and treat concentrated roadway runoff prior to its entry into
' the open water system; (3) the utilization in concert of preservation and restoration wetlands
components to complement each other and to maximize both the land area available and the
probability of success; (4) the preservation of a 0.85-ac (0.34-ha) upland buffer, and (5) the
high likelihood of successful marsh mitigation providing targeted wetland functions within a
relatively brief period after implementation.

1
37

Table 1 summarizes the proposed mitigation type and relative acres onsite.
Mitigation Type Acres Onsite
Restoration of brackish marsh complex 6.54 (2.65 ha)
Preservation of brackish marsh 5.25 (2.12 ha)
complex
Preservation of upland buffer 0.8505 (0.34 ha)
38
7.0 PERMITTING
' The restoration of wetlands and conversion of existing wetlands proposed by this mitigation
plan will require COE, DCM, and DWQ approval. COE has issued Nationwide Permit No. 27
to address wetland restoration activities. Coordination with DCM may result in approval under
' a CAMA minor permit or a consistency determination. The project may receive DWQ approval
through general Section 401 water quality certification. This project is in keeping with the
' intent and mandate of state and federal programs to provide for net gain in functions and
benefits derived from proposed actions.

1

39

t 8.0 SUMMARY
NCDOT proposes to establish the Lengyel Mitigation Site as compensatory wetland mitigation
for the loss of tidal brackish marsh complex due to transportation improvement projects
' planned for the vicinity of the Neuse River/Trent River confluence. The 13.198-ac (5.34-ha)
Site is located at the confluence of the Neuse River and Scotts Creek in Craven County,
approximately 1.0 mi (1.6 km) south of New Bern. Mitigation at the Site will provide a
I contiguous tidal brackish marsh wetland adjacent to this portion of the south shore of the
Neuse River.
' Recommendations for mitigation at the Site include: (1) removal of fill material and grading
the Site to levels similar to that found in the RME to promote the restoration of wetland
' hydrology; and (2) planting of desirable marsh species to maximize wetland functions provided
by the Site landscape.
' This mitigation provides for the restoration of approximately 6.54 ac (2.65) of irregularly-
flooded brackish marsh and preservation of approximately 5.25 ac (2.12 ha) of irregularly-
flooded brackish marsh.
A monitoring plan with established success criteria is proposed for evaluating the mitigation
' in terms of wetland restoration. After success criteria are fulfilled, NCDOT will continue to
manage the Site in perpetuity or will dispense the Site to an appropriate management entity.
Management plans may include monitoring for the general health of the restored vegetation
' community and regulating garbage dumping and other disturbances.

40

1
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9.0 REFERENCES
Bishir C.W. and M.T. Southern. 1996. A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Eastern North
Carolina. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 483 pp.
Britton, N. L. and H. A. Brown. 1913. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and
Canada. 1970 Dover Reprint. Dover Publications, Inc., NY. 2052 pp.
Broome, S.W. 1990. "Creation and restoration of tidal wetlands of the southeastern United
States", pp. 37-66 In Wetland Creation and Restoration: the Status of the Science,
edited by J.A. Kusler and M.E. Kentula, Island Press, Washington, DC.
Broome, S.W., E.D. Seneca, and W.W. Woodhouse, Jr. 1981. Planting Marsh Grasses for
Erosion Control. UNC Sea Grant Publication 81-09. 11 pp.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. FWS/OBS-79/31. Fish and Wildlife
Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. 103 pp.
Department of the Army (DOA). 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual.
Technical Report Y-87-1, Waterways Experiment Station, COE, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Department of the Army (DOA). 1993. Compensatory Hardwood Mitigation Guidelines.
Corps of Engineers, Wilmington, NC.
' Department of the Army (DOA). 1993. Installing Monitoring Wells/Piezometers in Wetlands,
Corps of Engineers (COE). WRP Technical Note HY-IA-3.1, August 1993, Waterways
Experiment Station, COE, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 14 p.
Division of Environmental Management (DEM). 1989. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Ambient
Network (BMAN) Water Quality Review 1983-1988. Water Quality Technical Reports.
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources.
' Division of Environmental Management (DEM). 1991. Biological Assessment of Water Quality
in North Carolina Streams: Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data Base and Long Term
Changes in Water Quality, 1983-1990. North Carolina Department of Environment,
' Health, and Natural Resources.
1
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' Division of Environmental Management (DEM). 1992. Basinwide Assessment Report: Neuse
River Basin. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources,
' Water Quality Section.
' Division of Environmental Management (DEM). 1993. Classifications and Water Quality
Standards Assigned to The Waters of the Neuse River Basin. North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources.
' Division of Environmental Management (DEM). 1995. Guidance for Rating the Values of
Wetlands in North Carolina: Fourth Version. N.C. Department of Environment, Health,
t and Natural Resources, Water Quality Section. 57 pp.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1990. Mitigation Site Type Classification (MiST). A
methodology to classify pre-project mitigation sites and develop performance standards
for construction and restoration of forested wetlands. EPA Workshop, August 13-15,
' 1989. EPA Region IV and Hardwood Research Cooperative, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, NC.

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Environmental Services, Inc. (ESI). 1996. Tidal Marsh Mitigation Potential, Preliminary
Ecological Assessment and Hazardous Materials Review: Recycling Center Site, Saw
Mill Site, Lengyel Site. Prepared for N.C. Department of Transportation.
Fish, F.F. 1968. A Catalog of the Inland Fishing Waters in North Carolina. N.C. Wildlife
Resources Commission, Division of Inland Fisheries. 312 pp.
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). 1987. Habitat Management Guidelines for the Bald Eagle in
the Southeast Region. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 8 pp.
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). 1991. Ecology of a Non tidal Brackish Marsh in Coastal North
Carolina. M.M. Brinson ed. U.S. Department of the Interior. National Wetlands
Research Center Open File Report 91-03. 398 pp.
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). 1993. West Indian Manatee: Trichechus manatus [Linnaeus].
In: Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red
Book). U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Southeastern Region,
Atlanta, GA. 6 pp.
Godfrey, R. K. and J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wet/and Plants of Southeastern United
States. Dicotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA. 933 pp.
42

' Hamel, P.B. 1992. Land Manager's Guide to the Birds of the South. The Nature Conservancy,
Southeastern Region, Chapel Hill, NC. 437 pp.
' Hammer. D.A. 1992. Creating Freshwater Wet/ands. Lewis Publishers, Inc. Chelsea MN.
298 pp.
Leonard, S. W. 1985. Status report on Aeschynomene virginica in North Carolina.
Unpublished report to the Nature Conservancy, Boston, MA. 6+ pp.
Lenate, David, North Carolina Division of Water Quality, personal communication, 20
' September 1999.
Martof, B.S., W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey, and J.R. Harrison, III. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles
of the Carolinas and Virginia. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina. 264 pp.
' Menhinick E.F. 1991. The Freshwater Fishes of North Carolina. The Delmar Company,
Charlotte, NC, for North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Raleigh, NC. 227 pp.
N.C. Geological Survey (NCGS). 1985. Geologic Map of North Carolina. Department of
' Natural Resources and Community Development, Division of Land Resources,
1:500,000-scale.
' Palmer W.M. and A.L. Braswell. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. University of North
Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 412 pp.
' Potter, E.F., J.F. Parnell, and R.P. Teulings. 1980. Birds of the Carolinas. The University of
North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 408 pp.
' Powell, W.S. 1968. The North Carolina Gazetteer.• a Dictionary of Tar Heel Places.
The
' University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 561 pp.
Radford, A. E., Ahles, H. E. and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the
' Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill N.C. 1 168 pp.
Rohde, F.C., R.G. Arndt, D.G. Lindquist, and J.F. Parnell. 1994. Freshwater Fishes of the
' Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel
Hill, NC. 222 pp.

43

Stout, J.P. 1984. The Ecology of Irregularly Flooded Salt Marshes of the Northeastern Gulf
of Mexico: a Community Profile. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife
' Service, Biological Report 85(7.1). 98 pp.
' Stuckey, J.S. and S.G. Conrad 1958. Explanatory text for Geologic map of North Carolina.
North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development. Bulletin No. 71. Scale
1:500,000.
1 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1989. Soil Survey of Craven County, North Carolina
,
' USDA Soil Conservation Service. 157pp.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1991. Hydric Soils of the United States. In
' cooperation with the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils, USDA Soil
Conservation Service.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1974. Hydrologic Unit Map, State of North Carolina.
Department of the Interior, in cooperation with the U.S. Water Resources Council.
' Webster, W.D., J.F. Parnell, and W.C. Biggs. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, and
Maryland. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 255 pp.
Wharton, C.H., W.M. Kitchens, E.C. Pendleton, and T.W. Sipe. 1982. The Ecology of
' Bottomland Hardwood Swamps of the Southeast: A Community Profile. FWS/OBS-
81 /37. 133 pp.
Wiegert, R.G. and B.J. Freeman. 1990. Tidal Salt Marshes of the Southeast Atlantic Coast.
a Community Profile. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service,
Biological Report 85(7.29). 70 pp.

44

APPENDIX A
' SALINITY READINGS FOR THE NEUSE RIVER
AT THE US 17 BRIDGE, NEW BERN
(DECEMBER 1990 - OCTOBER 1996)
7

7

i

H

45

Ni- LLM WU ENVY-1 FdX:919-e33-9959 Feb 10 '97 14:39 P.01
713510000 NEU
' 35 06 42.0-017-0t.
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GOP` STAUON 21NCO.IWQ J87'10000 STOREY System
Nl, L1tM WU LNU5L1 Fdx y1?J-r3.i-9959 Feb 10 '97 14:41

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MILE-S
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00480,
;.
'
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DATE TIME .: DE1?'IH'' SA1 IN1
FROM. ' OF
TO DAY MBT' PPT2I
'
0.0
91/04/09 .lil0 , ;;4 .
210: OA
91/04109 1
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APPENDIX B
REFERENCE MARSH TRANSECT SURVEY DATA
1
i
i
1
LENGYEL SITE REFERENCE MARSH TRANSECT
A reference marsh ecosystem (RME) was used to determine substrate elevations and
vegetation patterns appropriate for on-site restoration of a tidal brackish marsh complex. The
RME is located north of the proposed "Ramp DB" crossing of the Site (Figure 11). An RME
transect was flagged and surveyed (for location and elevation) from a point near the Neuse
River shoreline (Flag Point Number 1) inland to the toe of the highway fill slope (Flag Point
Number 22), a distance of approximately 103 m (337 ft). Following is the elevation of each
flag point and distance between flag points. All measurements are given in units of meters.
A computer file of the detailed survey information is available.
Distance Distance
Flag Point Between Flag Point Between
Number Elevation Flag Points Number Elevation Flag Points
1 0.644 12 0.516
4.974 4.438
2 0.922 13 0.457
5.018 5.000
3 0.811 14 0.517
4.916 4.224
4 0.495 15 0.475
4.236 4.025
5 0.446 16 0.558
3.736 5.694
6 . 0.499 17 0.501
5.141 5.191
7 0.442 18 0.6
4.024 5.503
8 0.469 19 0.459
5.516 5.701
9 0.441 20 0.471
5.579 5.597
10 0.517 21 0.432
5.086 5.013
11 0.468 22 0.635
4.180
TOTAL 102.792

MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
}ah d??m ?4
?? +Man
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPAR: T1 ENT OF TRANSPORTATION
April 3, 2007
MEMORANDUM
41 6
LYNDo TIPPETT "k4
SECRETARY
TO: Secretary Lyndo Tippett
FROM Kimberly D.. Hinton
1J
Senior Public Hearing Officer
Human Environment Unit
RE: Notice of a Citizens Informational Workshop for the Widening of NC 41
from NC 11 in Tin City to East of I-40
R-2531, Duplin County
The following Notice is furnished for your information:
R-2531 NCDOT proposes to widen NC 41 from NC 11 in Tin City to East of I-40.
KDH/cdh
Attachment
cc: Mr. Lanny T. Wilson, Board of Transportation Member - Division 3
Mr. Louis W. Sewell, Jr., At-Large Member - Division 3
Mr. Steve Varnedoe, P.E.
Mr. J.B. Williamson, Jr.
Ms. Deborah A Barbour, P.E.
Mr. C.W. Leggett, P.E.
Mr. Majed Al-Ghandour, P.E.
Mr. Bill Rosser
Mr. Greg Thorpe
Mr. Rob Hanson, P.E.
Ms. Teresa Hart, P. E.
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E.
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E.
Mr. J.Victor Barbour, P.E.
Mr. Kevin Lacy, P.E.
Ms. Sharon Lipscomb
Ms. Tammy Denning
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] PARKER LINCOLN BLDG
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT UNIT 2728 CAPITAL BLVD
1583 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE: WWW.NCDOT.ORG RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1583
NOTICE OF A CITIZENS INFORMATIONAL WORKSHOP
FOR PROPOSED WIDENING OF NC 41
FROM NC 11 IN TIN CITY TO EAST OF 1-40
R-2531 Duplin County
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) will hold an
informal Citizens Informational Workshop on April 26, 2007 in the Wallace
Elementary School cafeteria located at 4266 NC 11 South, Wallace, 28466. The
workshop will be held between the hours of 4:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m.
This will be an open house meeting; interested citizens may attend at their
convenience during the above hours. Department of Transportation
representatives will be present to answer questions and receive comments
concerning the project. Information presented at this workshop will be general in
nature, as detailed plans have not been prepared for the project.
The proposed project involves widening NC 41 to multi lanes. The project
will begin at NC 11 in Tin City, and extend approximately 2.3 miles east of 1-40.
The proposed project is 3.3 miles long. It is anticipated the project will require
acquisition of right of way and may involve the relocation of homes and
businesses.
Anyone desiring additional information regarding the project may contact
Andy L. Hussey, Project Planning Engineer, at 1548 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,
NC 27699 or at [phone] ext. 256 or by email [e-mail].
NCDOT will provide auxiliary aids and services under the Americans with
Disabilities Act for disabled persons who wish to participate in this workshop.
Anyone requiring special services should contact Mr. Hussey as early as
possible so that arrangements can be made.