U-4410

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?d?O R4G William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
j Division of Water Quality
April 28, 2005
MEMORANDUM
To: Melba McGee
From: Nicole Thomson 69P
Subject: Addendum to Comments on the Environmental Assessment related to the Louis Stephens Drive
Extension and Hopson Road Realignment and Extension in Durham and Wake Counties, Sate
Project No. 35021.2.1, TIP U-4410 D, DENR Project Number 05-0266.
This office has reviewed the referenced document. The Division of Water Quality (DWQ) is responsible for the
issuance of the Section 401 Water Quality Certification for activities that impact Waters of the U.S., including
wetlands. After meeting with Liz Kovasckitz and Cindy Carr of Mulkey Engineers & Consultants and Kevin Martin
of S&EC on April 26, 2005, it is our understanding that the project as presented will result in no impacts to
jurisdictional wetlands and streams. The DWQ offers the following comments based on review of the
aforementioned document and subsequent meeting:
A) According to the document, in March of 2001 the NCDWQ issued a waiver of 401 Water Quality
Certification for DWQ Project No. 01-0053. A total of 1,062 linear feet of stream impacts were authorized
under that waiver for the Louis Stephens Drive and South Loop Road project. NCDOT is respectfully
reminded that only those impacts were authorized under the original 401 Water Quality Certification as
described in the original application dated received January 18, 2001. Any new impacts and construction
activities beyond those listed in the original application will require a new 401 Water Quality Application
submittal. Review of the document shows that there will be new impacts to streams and wetlands for the
proposed project, thus an application for a 401 Water Quality Certification will be required.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in any additional impacts to wetlands or
streams and therefore, no 401 Water Quality Certification would be required.
B) According to the document, three small forest wetlands were delineated in the project area. Two of the
wetlands were determined to be either isolated or not under US Army Corps of Engineers jurisdiction.
Pursuant to 15A NCAC 2H, Section .1300, NCDOT is respectfully reminded that a NCDWQ staff member
will need to verify the presence or absence of any isolated wetlands. Furthermore, should isolated wetlands
be impacted due to construction activities, a State General Permit for Impacts to Isolated Wetlands and
Isolated Waters will be required.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated that
impacts to the one isolated wetland on the project would be less than 0.1 acres and therefore did not require
authorization from DWQ, per correspondence from John Dorney dated May 28, 2004. In addition, 2
wetlands on the project were determined to not meet wetland criteria, a third wetland is avoided completely
by the project and the final wetland is an isolated wetland that occurs outside of the project area. Since the
impacts to the isolated wetland will be less than 0.1 acres, no State General Permit for Impacts to Isolated
Wetlands and Isolated Waters will be required. In addition, as there are no additional wetland impacts, no
401 Water Quality Certification is required.
-None
Carolina
Transportation Permitting Unit Ntura!!rf
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone]/ FAX [phone]/ Internet: htt?://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/newetlands
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C) The document does not present any mapping that shows the location of wetlands and streams. In addition,
the document does not give any specified amount of anticipated impacts to wetlands and streams. Until the
DWQ has a map that clearly displays all the wetlands, streams, and other surface waters located in the
project, with the proposed project superimposed onto those resources, we cannot agree that appropriate
avoidance and minimization has occurred for this project. As such, issuance of the 401 Water Quality
Certification for this project could be delayed until the information is provided to the DWQ for review, and
we are convinced that all appropriate avoidance and minimization has occurred for this project.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Can and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in any additional impacts to wetlands or
streams and therefore, no 401 Water Quality Certification would be required.
D) After the selection of the preferred alternative and prior to an issuance of the 401 Water Quality
Certification, the NCDOT is respectfully reminded that they will need to demonstrate the avoidance and
minimization of impacts to wetlands (and streams) to the maximum extent practical. Furthermore, wetland
mitigation may be required for this project.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in kny additional impacts to wetlands, therefore
satisfying the need to demonstrate avoidance and minimization of impacts. In addition, as there are no new
additional impacts to wetlands, no additional wetland mitigation will be required for this project.
E) In accordance with the Environmental Management Commission's Rules { 15A NCAC 211.0506(b)(6) },
mitigation will be required for cumulative impacts of greater than 150 linear feet to any single perennial
stream. In the event that mitigation is required, the mitigation plan should be designed to replace
appropriate lost functions and values. In accordance with the Environmental Management Commission's
Rules 115A NCAC 211.0506 (h)(3)), the NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program may be available for use as
stream mitigation.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in any additional impacts to streams, therefore
no additional stream mitigation will be required for this project.
F) As part of the 401 Water Quality Certification Application process, NC DOT is respectfully reminded to
include specifics for both onsite and offsite mitigation plans. If mitigation is required, it is preferable to
present a conceptual (if not finalized) mitigation plan with the environmental documentation. While
NCDWQ realizes that this may not always be practical, it should be noted that for projects requiring
mitigation, appropriate mitigation plans will be required in conjunction with the issuance of a 401 Water
Quality Certification.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through.
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in any additional impacts to wetlands or
streams and therefore, no additional mitigation is required. Furthermore, the Mount Vernon Springs
Mitigation site (DWQ No. 01-1206) was reviewed and approved by DWQ for previous impacts to prior
phases of this project. The required mitigation site has been constructed per the approved plan.
G) Future documentation, including the 401 Water Quality Certification Application, should include an
itemized listing of the proposed wetland and stream impacts with corresponding mapping.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Domey of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in any additional impacts to wetlands or
streams and therefore, no 401 Water Quality Certification would be required.
H) An analysis of cumulative and secondary impacts anticipated as a result of this project is required. The
type and detail of analysis should conform to the NC Division of Water Quality Policy on the assessment of
secondary and cumulative impacts dated April 10, 2004. We understand that you have agreed to make this
study a part of your 401 Water Quality Certification Application.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in any additional impacts to wetlands or
streams and therefore, no 401 Water Quality Certification would be required.
I) NC DOT is respectfully reminded that all impacts, including but not limited to, bridging, fill, excavation
and clearing, to jurisdictional wetlands, streams, and riparian';buffers need to be included in the final impact
calculations. These impacts, in addition to any construction impacts, temporary or otherwise, also need to
be included as part of the 401 Water Quality Certification Application.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in any additional impacts to wetlands or
streams and therefore, no 401 Water Quality Certification would be required.
J) Where streams must be crossed, the DWQ prefers bridges be used in lieu of culverts. However, we realize
that economic considerations often require the use of culverts. Please be advised that culverts should be
countersunk to allow unimpeded passage by fish and other aquatic organisms. Moreover, in areas where,
high quality wetlands or streams are impacted, a bridge may prove preferable. When applicable, DOT
should not install the bridge bents in the creek, to the maximum extent practicable.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in any additional impacts to streams and
therefore, no bridges or culverts are necessary.
K) Sediment and erosion control measures should not be placed in wetlands.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in any additional impacts to wetlands.
L) Borrow/waste areas should avoid wetlands to the maximum extent practicable. Impacts to wetlands in
borrow/waste areas could precipitate compensatory mitigation.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in any additional impacts to wetlands.
M) The 401 Water Quality Certification application will need to specifically address the proposed methods for
stormwater management. More specifically, stormwater should not be permitted to discharge directly into
streams or surface waters.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martin on April 26, 2005 pointed out that this
project is within the Cape Fear River Basin and not the Neuse River Basin, therefore the direct discharge of
stormwater to streams or surface waters is not prohibited.
N) Based on the information presented in the document, the magnitude of impacts to wetlands and streams
may require an Individual Permit application to the Corps of Engineers and corresponding 401 Water
Quality Certification. Please be advised that a 401 Water Quality Certification requires satisfactory
protection of water quality to ensure that water quality standards are met and no wetland or stream uses are
lost. Final permit authorization will require the submittal of a formal application by the NCDOT and
written concurrence from the NCDWQ. Please be aware that any approval will be contingent on
appropriate avoidance and minimization of wetland and stream impacts to the maximum extent practical,
the development of an acceptable stormwater management plan, and the inclusion of appropriate mitigation
plans where appropriate.
A meeting with Liz Kovasckitz, Cindy Carr and Kevin Martilt on April 26, 2005 demonstrated through
previous permit submittals and meetings with both John Dorney of NC DWQ and Todd Tugwell of
USACOE that the abovementioned project would not result in'Any additional impacts to wetlands or
streams and therefore, no Individual Permit from the Corps of Engineers or 401 Water Quality Certification
would be required.
The NCDWQ appreciates the opportunity to provide comments on your project. Should you have any questions or
require any additional information, please contact Nicole Thomson at [phone].
cc: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, US Army Corps of Engineers, Raleigh Field Office
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
W. Kevin Martin, S&EC, 1101 Raven Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27614
Ms. Elizabeth Kovasckitz, AICP, Planning Group Manager, 6750 Tryon Rd, Cary, NC 27511
Ms. Cindy Carr, Natural Resources Project Manager, 6750 Tryon Rd, Cary, NC 27511
Mr. Vince Rhea, PE, NCDOT PDEA
Ms. Gail Grimes, PE, NCDOT PDEA
Central Files
File Copy
C:\Correspondence\2005 EA, EIS, FONSRU-441 0D\Environtmental Assessment Addendum Apr 05
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Division of Water Quality
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources
401 Oversight/Express Permit, Program Development and
Transportation Permitting Units
Street Address: 2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
Mailing Address: 1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Contact Information: Phone #:
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Notes or special instructions:
401 Oversight/Express Unit
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] / FAX [phone] / Internet: http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/newetlands
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401 Oversight/Express Permit, Program Development and
Transportation Permitting Units
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Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
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Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
Division of Water Quality
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources
401 Oversight/Express Permit, Program Development and
Transportation Permitting Units
Street Address: 2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
Mailing Address: 1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Contact Information: Phone #: [phone]
Fax #: [phone]
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MULKEY
ENGINEERS E CONSULTANTS
MEMORANDUM
TO: Nicole Thomson, NC Division of Water Quality
FROM: Liz Kovasckitz, Mulkey Engineers & Consultants
DATE: April 27, 2005
SUBJECT: NCDOT TIP Project No. U-4410 D Louis Stephens Drive Extension and Hopson
Road Realignment and Extension, Research Triangle Foundation Project RTF-7
On April 26, 2005 we met to discuss the comments submitted by the Division of Water on the
Environmental Assessment (EA) prepared for the subject project. At the conclusion of our meeting
you indicated that all issues raised in your April 11, 2005 letter to Melba McGee were satisfactorily
addressed during our meeting. The purpose of this memo is to document our responses to DWQ
comments on the EA and/or provide reference as to why responses are unnecessary as discussed in
our meeting.
Comment A: After reviewing the proposed plans, previous permit submittals, and meetings that have
occurred in the past, it was agreed that no additional DWQ permits are required for the project. Per
your request, we are attaching a copy of the correspondence documenting S&EC's site meeting with
Todd Tugwell of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) where he confirmed S&EC's
delineation and isolated wetland determinations (see attached S&EC correspondence dated
2/24/04).
Comment B: The three wetlands discussed in the EA are shown in the S&EC correspondence
referenced in item A above. One wetland was determined to be isolated (inset 1), and since the
project impacted less than 0.1 acre of isolated wetland, did not require authorization from DWQ.
However, as a courtesy S&EC did notify DWQ of our client's intention to impact this area (see
attached S&EC correspondence to John Dorney of DWQ dated 5/28/04). One wetland was
determined not to meet wetland criteria due to lack of hydric soils (inset 2). The third is avoided by
the project (inset 3).
The plans included in Appendix C of the EA show a wetland on sheet RTF 6-6. This wetland was
determined not to meet wetland criteria and should have been removed from the plans. The wetland
shown on plan sheet RTF6-10 is an isolated wetland that occurs in a power line easement outside of
the project area.
Comment M: Since the project is in the Cape Fear River Basin and not the Neuse River Basin, we
agreed that direct discharges of stormwater are not prohibited and therefore no additional response is
required to this item.
Because no further authorization is required from DWQ, we agreed that the remaining comments do
not require responses.
MULKEY INC. 67513 TRYON ROAD CARY, NC 2751 1 PO BOX 33127 RALEIGH, NC 27636 PH: 919-851-1912 FAX: [phone] WWW.MULKEYINC.COM
As requested in the meeting, we are providing the DWQ project number for the Mount Vernon
Springs mitigation site, the design for which was reviewed and approved by DWQ. The number is
DWQ # 01-1206. The mitigation site has been constructed per the approved plan. The site is being
used to provide DWQ and USACE required mitigation for this project and for a lake project at
Research Triangle Park.
Thank you very much for meeting with us so quickly and agreeing to respond promptly to this memo
in order to resolve this matter. We apologize that the information was not presented as clearly as it
could have been, but as you have seen, it is a fairly unique and complex situation. If you have any
questions, please call me at [phone]. My email address is lkovasckitz(@mulke)inc.com and my
fax number is [phone].
cc: Kevin Martin, S&EC
Vince Rhea, NCDOT
Liz Rooks, RTF
Don Morton, Mulkey
Cindy Carr, Mulkey
2001109.01 file

Soil Environmental Consultants, PA
11010 Raven Ridge Road • Raleigh, North Carolina 27614 • Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
www.SandEC.com
May 28, 2004
S&EC Project #1625.W0
NCDENR-DWQ
Attn: Mr. John Dorney
2321 Crabtree Blvd
Parkview Building
Raleigh, NC 27604
RE: Louis Stephens Drive extension & Hopson Road realignment
Research Triangle Park, Durham County, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Dorney:
On behalf of the Research Triangle Institute, we submit this courtesy notification to
inform you of the applicant's intent to impact 173.3 square feet (less than 0.01 acre) of an
isolated linear wetland in order to realign Hopson Road. Attached, please find a
completed Pre-Construction Notification, Agent Authorization Form, and other items as
described below.
The proposed project will extend Louis Stephens Dr. North to Hopson Road, and realign
Hopson Road, to accommodate commuter traffic. The project is at the intersection of
Hopson and Louis Stephens Dr. From I-40, take exit 278 and turn south onto NC 55.
Turn Left (East/Northeast) onto T.W. Alexander Dr., then Right (South) onto Hopson Rd.
The applicant pursued several means to minimize, or where possible eliminate, impacts to
wetlands and jurisdictional features. A Natural Resources Technical Report prepared by
another consultant, and a detailed wetland delineation conducted by S&EC, enabled the
applicant to avoid impacts to jurisdictional waters. As a result, the applicant does not
require a permit for the proposed activities.
Sincerely,

Sean Clark
Environmental Scientist
Attachments: PCN
Agent Authorization Form
Impact maps & tables (4 pages)
Charlotte Office: Greensboro Office: Hickory Office:
236 LePhillip Court, Suite C 3817-E Lawndale Drive 622 Coon Mountain Lane
Concord, NC 28025 Greensboro, NC 27455 Taylorsville, NC 28681
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone] Phone [phone]
... ..... .,.. .....- ,- .??o. c?c coin
Office Use Only: Form Version May 2002
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
1. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
? Section 404 Permit ? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
? Section 10 Permit ? Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
? 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: None; courtesy notification
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here:
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (verify availability with NCWRP prior to submittal of PCN), complete
section VIII and check here: ?
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ?
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: Ms. Liz Rooks
Mailing Address: Research Triangle Foundation
2 Hanes Dr.
P.O. Box 12255
Research Triangle Park NC 27709
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address:
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: Sean Clark
Company Affiliation: Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Mailing Address: 11010 Raven Ridge Road
Raleigh NC 27614
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address: SClark(@,SandEC.com
Page 1 of 8
10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: The
project will extend Louis Stephens Dr. North to Hopson Road and realign Hopson Road to
better accommodate commuter traffic.
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: The project is needed to better accommodate
commuter traffic and reduce traffic flow problems in the area.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested . and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
The areas in and around the proposed routes were reviewed by Mr. Todd Tugwell of the
USACE During this site meeting the area with the proposed impacts was determined to be
isolated No other 401/404 permits have been issued in this area for the proposed activities.
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
The applicant does not anticipate requesting additional permits to complete the proposed project
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
Page 3 of 8
NA I NA I NA I NA I NA
* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): NA
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.): NA
Size of watershed draining to pond: NA Expected pond surface area: NA
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
The applicant moved an earlier proposed alignment of Hopson Road to use existing culverts
and crossings eliminating impacts do to the realignment Extending Louis Stephens Drive will
ease traffic tie-ups The applicant has provided sound environmental stewardship since the
inception of Research Triangle Park and the drastically minimized impact to an isolated wetland
and the complete avoidance of impacts to a perennial stream displays the same sort of
conscientious effort.
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
Page 5 of 8
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ? No ?
X.
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ? No ?
Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ? No ® If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(square feet) Multiplier Required
Mitigation
I NA 3 NA
2 NA 1.5 NA
Total NA
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0260.
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Page 7 of 8
08/01/2001 14:06 9198469467 S&EC PAGE 02
APPLICATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT I OMB APPROVAL NO. 0710-003
(33 CFR 326) Expires October 1996
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 6 hours per response, including the time for reviewing Instructions,
searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send
comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to
Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Service Directories of Information Operatlohe and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite
1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302= and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0710-0003), Washington, OC 20603,
Please DO NOT RETURN your form to either of those addressee. Completed applications must be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction
over the location of the proposed activity.
PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT
Authority: 33 USC 401, Section 10; 1413, Section 404. Principal Purpose: These laws required permits authorizing activities in, or affecting,
navigable waters of the United States, the dischargs of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, and the transportation of dredged
material for the purpose of dumping It into ocean wate?e. Routine Uses: Information provided on this from will be used In evaluating the application for
a permit. Diaclosurs: Disclosure of requested information is voluntary. If information Is not provided, however, the permit application cannot be
processed not can a permit be Issued.
One set of original drawings or good reproducible copies which show the location and character of the proposed activity must be attached to this
application (see sample drawings and Instructions) and be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction over the location of the proposed
activity. An application that is not completed in full will be returned,
1 7/!RU 4 TO BEFlLLED ,8Y THE
1. APPLICATION NO, 1 2. FIELD OFFICE CODE ( 3. DATE RECEIVED 14. DATE APPLICATION COMPLETED
5. APPLICANT'S NAME
Research Triangle Foundation of North
BE FILLED BY APPLICANT
6. APPLICANT'S ADDRESS
P.O. Box 12255
Park, NC 27709
7. APPLICANT'S PHONE NOS. W/AREA CODE
8. AUTHORIZED AGENT'S NAME AND TITLE (anagentfcnot mquirgd)
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
9. AGENT'S ADDRESS
11010 Raven Ridge Rd.
Raleigh, NC 27614
10. AGENT'S PHONE NOS. W/AREA CODE
er Residertee
b. Business Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
b. Business Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
11.
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION
I hereby authorize, Soil & Environmental Con?ultante PA to act in my behalf as my agent in the processing of this application and to furnish, upon
request, supplemental information in support of this permit application.
?1 ?i' 40e?
APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE
DATS "///0/
NAME, LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT OR ACTIVITY
12. PROJECT NAME OR TITLE lsaeingoutiona!
Research Triangle Park South Parcel Lake W5
13. NAME OF WATERBODY, IF KNOWN rsrevplicabre/ UT of Kit Creek and
Kit Creek
15. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT
COUNTY Wake STATE NC
16. OTHER LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS, IF KNOWN, Agee kwml dons/
See attached USGS topo
17. DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE
See attached USGS topo
North and East of Louis Stephens Drive. South of Kit Creek Road
14. PROJECT STREET ADDRESS &applkefdel
N/A See attached USGS
08/01/2001 14:06 9198469467 S&EC PAGE 03
ENG. FORM 4346, Feb 94 EDITION OF SEPT 91 IS OBSOLETE
(Pro onent: CECW-OR)
18, Nature of Activity IDercrrpvon ofprojec4 tnc)ude ell /eatures) Construotion of a Lake in a largo Master Planned Commercial Development (See attached
letter from Research Triangle Foundation for more detailed information).
19. Project Purpose lDozc0a the reason orpurpwa of the prolae( see iast xt)one)
To complete original master plan of project as per long standing plan (Sea attaohed letter from Research Triangle Foundation).
USE BLOCKS 20-22 IF DREDGED AND/OR FILL MATERIAL IS TO BE DISCHARGED
20_ Reason(s) for Discharge
Construction of a lake via typical construction methods.
21. Type(s) of material Being Discharged and the Amount of Each Type In Cubio Yards
N/A (See plans)
22. Surface Area in Acres of Wetlands or Other Waters Filled tree fnern wear
5.35 acres wetlands filled and 0.88 flooded, 429' important stream filled and 6187' flooded, 645' unimportant stream filled and 2697' flooded (See
attached S&EC PA letter for more detailed information)
23. Is Any Portion of the Work Already Complete? Yes No X_ IF YES, DESCRIBE THE COMPLETED WORK
24. Addresses of Adjoining Property Owners, Lessees, Etc„ Whose Property Adjoins the Waterbody (If more than can be entered here,
please attach a supplemental list),
Please see attached list
25, List of Other Certifications or ApprovalalDenials Received from other Federal, State or Looal Agencies for Work Described in This Application.
AGENCY TYPE APPROVAL` IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DATE APPLIED DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED
of a royals (e,g. 401 Water Quality Certification, Dam Safety Permit, etc.) ars in progress or are pending outcome of
t is epMcation.
Would include but is not restricted to zoning, building and flood plain permits.
26. Application is hereby made for a permit or permits to authorize the work described In this application. I certify that the information in this
application is complete and accurate. I further certify that I possess the authority to undertake the work described herein or am acting as the
duly authorized agent of the applicant.
/./• r11101 . ? C ye'* S /1
SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT DATE SIGNATURE OF AGENT DATE
The application must be signed by the person who doaires to undertake the proposed activity (applicant) or it may be signed by a duly
authorized agent if the statement In block 11 has been filled out and signed.
18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that: Whoever, in any manner within the jurlsdiction of any department or agency of the United States
knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals, or oovers up any trick, soheme, or disguises a material fact or makes any false, fictitious or
fraudulent statements or representations or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing same to contain any false, fictitious or
fraudulent statements or entry, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more then five years or both.
MULKEY
ENGINEERS & CONSULTANTS
PREPARED FOR CINDY CARR
R°1I°IF 6 &: 7
PLAN VIEW
SITE MAP
WAKE/ DURHAM COUNTY
PROJECT: 5.2661601 (R-2246C)
WIDENING LOUIS STEPHENS DRIVE
FROM DEVELOPMENT DRIVE
TO NORTH OF HOPSON ROAD
(NOT TO SCALE)
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Location (CH & WL) (CH Only)
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Site 2 JW 173.4
CH = Channel, JW = Jurisdictional Wetland

Soli nviron e tal Consultants, A
11010 Raven Ridge Road o Raleigh, North Carolina 27614 o Phone: [phone]`+a; -1?_f } $46-9467
www.SandEC.com
AR, 0 9 X094
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February 24, 2004
S&EC Project # 1625. WO
RTF Barbra Mulkey Engineering
Attention: Ms. Liz Rooks Attention: Cindy Carr
2 Hanes Drive 7504 E. Independence Blvd
PO Box 12255 Suite 101
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709 Charlotte, N.C. 28227
Re: USACE Wetland Delineation Verification Meeting for the property known as the Hopson
Road Realignment Site, Durham County, North Carolina
Dear Ms. Rooks:
On February It, 2004, Mr. Todd Tugwell of the USACE, and I reviewed the streams and
wetlands on the property. Mr. Tugwell determined that the stream shown on Inset 3 is perennial.
Mr. Tugwell also determined that the marginal wetland areas depicted on Inset 1 and 2 are not
jurisdictional (see attached maps) due to the lack of hydric soils. The linear wetland on-site
(flagged with flag numbers 100-107) was determined to be isolated. These determinations should
be reflected in the impact maps prepared for the permit submittal.
Additional Services
If you choose to have us perform additional work, we can assist you with notification to the
USACE and DWQ regarding impacts to wetlands and permitting issues, if required. This
additional work can be completed at our hourly rates or a proposal can be generated. Please
advise.
Please call if you need further explanation.
Sincerely,
CSC Natkiwa
Sean Clark
Attachments: 1) Corrections to Wetland Map
2) Insets 1-3
C: Todd Tugwell, USACE
Charlotte Office: Greensboro Office: Hickory Office:
236 LePhillip Court, Suite C 3817-E Lawndale Drive 622 Coon Mountain Lane
Concord, NC 28025 Greensboro, NC 27455 Taylorsville, NC 28681
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone] Far.: [phone]
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11010 Raven Ridge Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27614
Phone: [phone] Fax: )919)846-9467
Project: Hopson Road Realignment f S&EC Project d 1625
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Preliminary Wetland Approximation
Suitable for Preliminary Planning Only
S&EC reserves the right to modify this map based on more fieldwork, RI 101 7P SCA?
surveyed delineations and any other additional Information.. !?
Appmxlmations were mapped using topogmphic maps and ground truthing.
If these areas arc to be used, they must be approved and
Permitted by the U.S. Army Corps of Enginecrs.
XpiSL7 Z
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Soil & Environmental Coasultznts, PA
Phone: Raven Ridge Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27614
ta Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Project: Hopson _Road Realignment / S&EC Project N 1625
Preliminary Wetland Approximation
Suitable for Preliminary planning Only
S@EC reserves the right to modify this map based on more fieldwork,
survryed ddineatloris and any otheradditional information-
Approximations were mapped using topographic maps and ground t tithing
If these areas arc to be used, they must be approved and
Permitted by the U S. Army Corps of Engineers.
mbA44
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LEGEND:
=WATERS OF THE U.S. )i.e., intermittent streams; must be confirmed by the USACE]
/=WATERS OF THE U.S. (i.e., perennial streams; must be confirmed by the USACE)
?= MARGINAL WATERS OF THE U.S. (i.e., ephemeralfintermittent streams; must be confirmed by the USACE
® =JURISDICTIONAL WETLANDS (must be confirmed by the USACE)
/1-7 = MARGINAL WETLANDS (must be confirmed by the USACE)
f2 =BOUNDARY OF EVALUATED AREA
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11010 Raven Ridge Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27614
1one: (919( 846.5900 Fax: [phone]
Project: Hopson Road Realignment / S&EC Proiect 0 1625
Preliminary Wetland Approximation
Suitable for Preliminary Planning Only
S&EC reserves the right to modify this map based on more fieidwork,
surveyed delineations and any other additional informuion
Approsimations were mapped using topographic maps and ground truthing.
if these areas arc to he used, they must be approved and
permitted by the U.S_ Army Corps of Engineers.
Wetland Delineation Performed By: Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
11010 Raven Ridge Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27614
[phone]
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
Project/Site: Hopson Road Realignment Site / S&EC Project # 1625. WO Date: 2/16/04
Applicant/Owner: Research Triangle Institute County: Durham
Investigator: SC State: N.C.
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? X Yes No Community ID: Bottomland Forest
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes X No Transect ID:
Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes X No Plot ID: Marginal Area
(If needed, explain on reverse.)
VEGETATION
Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. Liquidambarstyraciflua Tree FAC+ 9.
2. Acerrubrum Tree FAC 10.
3. Acer rubrum Sapling FAC 11.
4. Pinus taeda Tree FAC 12.
5. Toxidrum radicans
77
V
ine

FAC

13.
6. Lonicera japonica Vine FAC- 14.
7. Smilax rotundifolia Vine FAC 15.
8. Eulalia viminea Herb. FAC+ 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW, or FAC
(excluding FAC-): 88%
Remarks: The vegetation meets the criteria ( > 50% or more OBL, FAC or FACW) for hydrophytic vegetation.
HYDROLOGY
_ Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks):
Stream, Lake or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs
_ Other
X No Recorded Data Available Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators:
Inundated
_ Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
_ Sediment Deposits
X Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Field Observations: Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
_ Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
Depth of Surface Water: N/A (in.) Water-Stained Leaves
` Local Soil Survey Data
Depth to Free Water in Pit: > 12 (in.) FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Depth to Saturated Soil: > 12 (in.)
Remarks: There are sufficient field indicators present to indicate wetland hydrology.
Wetland Delineation Performed 8y: Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
11010 Raven Ridge Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27614
[phone]
Project/Site: Hopson Road Realignment Site / S&EC Project # 1625. WO Plot ID: Marginal area
SOILS
Map Unit Name Drainage Class: Moderately Well Drained
(Series and Phase): White Store Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Vertic hapludult Confirm Mapped Type? Yes No
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Color Mottle Texture, Concretions,
inches Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structure, etc.
0-12 A 10YR 6/3 10YR 5/8 Common,
fine,distinct Clay Loam
Hydric Soil Indicators:
_ Histosol Concretions
- Histic Epipedon High Organic Content in Surface Layer in Sandy Soils
_ Sulfidic Odor Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
_ Aquic Moisture Regime Listed on Local Hydric Soils List
Reducing Conditions Listed on National Hydric Soils List
_ Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: The soils do not meet the criteria for hydric soil.
WETLANDS DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? X Yes , No Is this sampling point within a wetland?
Wetland Hydrology Present? X Yes No Yes X No
Hydric Soils Present? Yes X No
-Remarks: Due to a lack of hydric soil, this area does not meet the criteria for a jurisdictional wetland.
IL_ I
O?O? W AT ?9QG
micnaei r. tasiey, uovernor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
April 11, 2005
MEMORANDUM
To: Melba McGee
Through: John Hennessyql??-
From: Nicole Thomson Al
Subject: Comments on the Environmental Assessment related to the Louis Stephens Drive Extension and
Hopson Road Realignment and Extension in Durham and Wake Counties, Sate Project No.
35021.2.1, TIP U-4410 D, DENR Project Number 05-0266.
This office has reviewed the referenced document. The Division of Water Quality (DWQ) is responsible for the
issuance of the Section 401 Water Quality Certification for activities that impact Waters of the U.S., including
wetlands. It is our understanding that the project as presented will result in impacts to jurisdictional wetlands and
streams. The DWQ offers the following comments based on review of the aforementioned document:
A) According to the document, in March of 2001 the NCDWQ issued a waiver of 401 Water Quality
Certification for DWQ Project No. 01-0053. A total of 1,062 linear feet of stream impacts were authorized
under that waiver for the Louis Stephens Drive and South Loop Road project. NCDOT is respectfully
reminded that only those impacts were authorized under the original 401 Water Quality Certification as
described in the original application dated received January 18, 2001. Any new impacts and construction
activities beyond those listed in the original application will require a new 401 Water Quality Application
submittal. Review of the document shows that there will be new impacts to streams and wetlands for the
proposed project, thus an application for a 401 Water Quality Certification will be required.
B) According to the document, three small forest wetlands were delineated in the project area. Two of the
wetlands were determined to be either isolated or not under US Army Corps of Engineers jurisdiction.
Pursuant to 15A NCAC 2H, Section .1300, NCDOT is respectfully reminded that a NCDWQ staff member
will need to verify the presence or absence of any isolated wetlands. Furthermore, should isolated wetlands
be impacted due to construction activities, a State General Permit for Impacts to Isolated Wetlands and
Isolated Waters will be required.
C) The document does not present any mapping that shows the location of wetlands and streams. In addition,
the document does not give any specified amount of anticipated impacts to wetlands and streams. Until the
DWQ has a map that clearly displays all the wetlands, streams, and other surface waters located in the
project, with the proposed project superimposed onto those resources, we cannot agree that appropriate
avoidance and minimization has occurred for this project. As such, issuance of the 401 Water Quality
Certification for this project could be delayed until the information is provided to the DWQ for review, and
we are convinced that all appropriate avoidance and minimization has occurred for this project.
D) After the selection of the preferred alternative and prior to an issuance of the 401 Water Quality
Certification, the NCDOT is respectfully reminded that they will need to demonstrate the avoidance and
minimization of impacts to wetlands (and streams) to the maximum extent practical. Furthermore, wetland
mitigation may be required for this project.
N?o hCarolina
Transportation Permitting Unit N On
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone]/ FAX [phone]/ Internet: http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer-50% Recycled/10% Post Consumer Paper
E) In accordance with the Environmental Management Commission's Rules { 15A NCAC 2H.0506(b)(6) ),
mitigation will be required for cumulative impacts of greater than 150 linear feet to any single perennial
stream. In the event that mitigation is required, the mitigation plan should be designed to replace
appropriate lost functions and values. In accordance with the Environmental.Management Commission's
Rules {15A NCAC 2H.0506 (h)(3)), the NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program may be available for use as
stream mitigation.
F) As part of the 401 Water Quality Certification Application process, NC DOT is respectfully reminded to
include specifics for both onsite and offsite mitigation plans. If mitigation is required, it is preferable to
present a conceptual (if not finalized) mitigation plan with the environmental documentation. While
NCDWQ realizes that this may not always be practical, it should be noted that for projects requiring
mitigation, appropriate mitigation plans will be required in conjunction with the issuance of a 401 Water
Quality Certification.
G) Future documentation, including the 401 Water Quality Certification Application, should include an
itemized listing of the proposed wetland and stream impacts with corresponding mapping.
H) An analysis of cumulative and secondary impacts anticipated as a result of this project is required. The
type and detail of analysis should conform to the NC Division of Water Quality Policy on the assessment of
secondary and cumulative impacts dated April 10, 2004. We:, understand that you have agreed to make this
study a part of your 401 Water Quality Certification Application.
I) NC DOT is respectfully reminded that all impacts, including but not limited to, bridging, fill, excavation
and clearing, to jurisdictional wetlands, streams, and riparian buffers need to be included in the final impact
calculations. These impacts, in addition to any construction impacts, temporary or otherwise, also need to
be included as part of the 401 Water Quality Certification Application.
J) Where streams must be crossed, the DWQ prefers bridges be used in lieu of culverts. However, we realize
that economic considerations often require the use of culverts. Please be advised that culverts should be
countersunk to allow unimpeded passage by fish and other aquatic organisms. Moreover, in areas where
high quality wetlands or streams are impacted, abridge may prove preferable. When applicable, DOT
should not install the bridge bents in the creek, to the maximum extent practicable.
K) Sediment and erosion control measures should not be placed in wetlands.
L) Borrow/waste areas should avoid wetlands to the maximum extent practicable. Impacts to wetlands in
borrow/waste areas could precipitate compensatory mitigation.
M) The 401 Water Quality Certification application will need to specifically address the proposed methods for
stormwater management. More specifically, stormwater should not be permitted to discharge directly into
streams or surface waters.
N) Based on the information presented in the document, the magnitude of impacts to wetlands and streams
may require an Individual Permit application to the Corps of Engineers and corresponding 401 Water
Quality Certification. Please be advised that a 401 Water Quality Certification requires satisfactory
protection of water quality to ensure that water quality standards are met and no wetland or stream uses are
lost. Final permit authorization will require the submittal of a formal application by the NCDOT and
written concurrence from the NCDWQ. Please be aware that any approval will be contingent on
appropriate avoidance and minimization of wetland and stream impacts to the maximum extent practical,
the development of an acceptable stormwater management plan, and the inclusion of appropriate mitigation
plans where appropriate.
The NCDWQ appreciates the opportunity to provide comments on your project. Should you have any questions or
require any additional information, please contact Nicole Thomson at [phone].
cc: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, US Army Corps of Engineers, Raleigh Field Office
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Central Files
File Copy
C:\Correspondence\2005 EA, EIS, FONSI\U-4410D\Environtmental Assessment Apr 05

LOUIS STEPHENS DRIVE EXTENSION
AND HOPSON ROAD REALIGNMENT AND EXTENSION
DURHAM AND WAKE COUNTIES
STATE PROJECT NO. 35021.2.1
T.I.P. PROJECT NO. U-441 O D
RESEARCH TRIANGLE FOUNDATION PROJECT NOS. 6 AND 7
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
STATE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
'• f?r0/MrM1` CO
SUBMITTED BY THE
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
RESEARCH TRIANGLE FOUNDATION, INC.
IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT
For further information contact:
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
[phone]

Date of Approval Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director,
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Comments must be received by Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director, Project
Development and Environmental Analysis Branch, NCDOT, 1548 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC
27699-1548 by:

?w ,
i
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
STATE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
LOUIS STEPHENS DRIVE EXTENSION
AND HOPSON ROAD REALIGNMENT AND EXTENSION
DURHAM AND WAKE COUNTIES
STATE PROJECT NO. 35021.2.1
T.I.P. PROJECT No. U-4410 D
RESEARCH TRIANGLE FOUNDATION PROJECT NOS. 6 AND 7
JANUARY 2005
DOCUMENTATION PREPARED BY:
MULKEY ENGINEERS & CONSULTANTS
1 X105
Date Liz Kovasckitz, AICP U
Transportation Planning Group Manager
Date on Mor on, P.E.
Vice President, Raleigh Branch Office
DOCUMENT PREPARED FOR:
North Carolina Department of Transp
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Dat Vincent J.
Project M
Louis Stephens Drive Extension
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment
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Document Date: 1/26/2005 iii
Date Printed: 1/26/2005
iv Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 1/31/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment

t

0

1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ................
List of Figures ...................................
V
vii
.......................................................................................................................... vii
List of Tables
Project Summary ...................................................................................................................... ix
Summary of Special Project Commitments ............................................................................. Xi
1.0 Purpose of and Need for the Proposed Project ................................................................1-1
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................1-1
1.2 Proposed Action ........................................................................................................................ ..1-1
1.3 Summary of Need for the Proposed Action ...........................................................................1-1
1.4 Purpose of the Proposed Action ............................................................................................ ..1-2
1.5 Project Description ................................................................................................................... 1-15
1.5.1 Project Setting ............................................................................................................. 1-15
1.5.2 History of Project ....................................................................................................... 1-15
1.6 System Linkage .......................................................................................................................... 1-15
1.6.1 Existing Road Network ............................................................................................. 1-15
1.6.2 Modal Interrelationships ........................................................................................... 1-16
1.7 Social and Economic Conditions ............................................................................................ 1-17
1.7.1 Demographics ............................................................................................................. 1-17
1.7.2 Economy ...................................................................................................................... 1-18
1.7.3 Other Issues ................................................................................................................ 1-18
1.8 Transportation Plans ................................................................................................................. 1-19
1.8.1 NCDOT Transportation Improvement Program ................................................. 1-19
1.8.2 Thoroughfare Plans .................................................................................................... 1-20
1.9 Roadway Capacity ...................................................................................................................... 1-21
1.9.1 Existing Characteristics ............................................................................................. 1-21
1.9.2 Existing Conditions .................................................................................................... 1-22
1.9.3 Projected Conditions ................................................................................................. 1-22
1.10 Accident Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 1-26
1.11 Benefits to State, Region, and Community ........................................................................... 1-26
2.0 Alternatives ...........................................................
.2-1
2.1 No-Build Alternative ................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Build Alternatives ........................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2.1 Louis Stephens Drive Extension and Hopson Road Realignment with at-Grade
Railroad Crossing ......................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2.2 Louis Stephens Drive Extension and Hopson Road Realignment with Grade-
Separated Railroad Crossing ...................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3 Preferred Alternative ................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3.1 Type of Improvement .................................................................................................. 2-2
Louis Stephens Drive Extension
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment
Document Date: 1/26/2005
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 v
2.3.2 Typical Section ..............................................................................................................2-2
2.3.3 Right-of-Way ............................................................................................................... ..2-9
2.3.4 Speed Limit .................................................................................................................. ..2-9
2.3.5 Access Control ............................................................................................................ ..2-9
2.3.6 Bikeways/Sidewalks .................................................................................................... 2-10
2.3.7 Railroad Crossing ........................................................................................................ 2-10
2.3.8 Intersection Treatment ............................................................................................... 2-10
2.3.9 Utilities ........................................................................................................................... 2-10
2.3.10 Cost Estimate ............................................................................................................... 2-11
2.4 Alternatives Not Assessed in the Environmental Document ............................................ 2-11
2.4.1 Transportation Systems Management Alternative ................................................. 2-11
2.4.2 Multi-Modal Alternative ............................................................................................. 2-11
3.0 Social, Economic and Environmental Effects ..................................................................3-1
3.1 Social ..............................................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 Land Use ....................................................................................................................... ..3-1
3.1.2 Neighborhood and Community Services ................................................................ ..3-2
3.1.3 Socioeconomic Impacts ............................................................................................. ..3-2
3.2 Cultural Resources ..................................................................................................................... ..3-5
3.3 Environmental justice ............................................................................................................... ..3-5
3.4 Hazardous Materials and Underground Storage Tanks ....................................................... ..3-6
3.5 Natural Environment ................................................................................................................ ..3-6
3.5.1 Topography and Geology .......................................................................................... ..3-6
3.5.2 Floodplains ................................................................................................................... ..3-7
3.5.3 Soils ............................................................................................................................... ..3-7
3.5.4 Farmland ....................................................................................................................... 3-13
3.5.5 Water Resources .......................................................................................................... 3-13
3.6 Biotic Resources ......................................................................................................................... 3-14
3.6.1 Terrestrial Communities ............................................................................................ 3-15
3.6.2 Wildlife .......................................................................................................................... 3-16
3.6.3 Aquatic Communities ................................................................................................. 3-18
3.6.4 Federally-Protected Species ....................................................................................... 3-19
3.6.5 Federal Species of Concern and State Protected Species ..................................... 3-23
3.7 Air Quality ................................................................................................................................... 3-28
3.8 Noise ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28
3.9 Permits ......................................................................................................................................... 3-30
3.10 Mitigation .................................................................................................................................... 3-32
3.11 Construction Impacts ................................................................................................................ 3-33
3.12 Secondary and Cumulative Impacts ........................................................................................ 3-34
4.0 Comments and Coordination .................................................
.4-1
4.1 Agency Coordination ..................................................................................................................4-1
4.2 Public Involvement ......................................................................................................................4-1
Appendix A - Agency Correspondence ................................................................................. A-1
Appendix B - List of References and Technical Reports ...............
Appendix C - Preliminary Plans .....................................................
............................... B-1
............................ C-1
vi Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Project Vicinity Map . ...................................................................................................................... 1-3
Figure 2. Project Area Map ........................................................................................................................... ..1-5
Figure 3. Southern Development Plan, Research Triangle Park . ........................................................... .. 1-7
Figure 4.2004 Estimated AADT's .............................................................................................................. ..1-9
Figure 5.2005 "Build" Estimated AADT's . .............................................................................................. 1-11
Figure 6.2030 "Build" Estimated AADT's . .............................................................................................. 1-13
Figure 7. Proposed Project - NCDOT Tip No. U-4410 D .................................................................... .. 2-3
Figure 8. Louis Stephens Drive Typical Section ....................................................................................... .. 2-5
Figure 9. Hopson Road Typical Section ..................................................................................................... .. 2-7
Figure 10. Land Use ....................................................................................................................................... .. 3-3
Figure 11. Project Topography .................................................................................................................... .. 3-9
Figure 12. Soil Map Units ............................................................................................................................. 3-11
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1. Population Density by County and State . ............................................................................... 1-17
' Table 1-2. Population by Race Breakdown for Tract, County and State . ............................................. 1-17
Table 1-3. Economic Characteristics by County and State . .................................................................... 1-18
1

1

Table 1-4. Percent Employment by Sector for County and State ..........................................................1-19
Table 1-5. Peak Hour Intersection LOS for Existing Infrastructure for Base and Future Years ..... 1-23
Table 1-6. Level of Service Control Delay for Signalized Intersections . .............................................. 1-23
Table 1-7. Level of Service Control Delay for Two-way Stop Intersections . ...................................... 1-23
Table 1-8. Peak Hour Intersection LOS for Proposed Infrastructure for Build and Future Years. 1-25
Table 2-1. Temporary and Permanent Requirements for Right-of-Way and Easements .................... 2-9
Table 3-1. Estimated Impacts by Biotic Community Type .....................................................................3-17
Table 3-2. Federally Protected Species in Durham and Wake Counties ............................................... 3-19
Table 3-3. Federal Species of Concern and State Protected Species in Durham/Wake Counties... 3-24
Table 3-4. Traffic Noise Level Increase Summary ...................................................................................3-30
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005 vii
' U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005

Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension '
viii Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment '

PROJECT SUMMARY
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) and Research Triangle Foundation (RTF)
propose to extend Louis Stephens Drive (SR 2500) from the intersection of Development Drive (SR
3093) to Hopson Road (SR 1978) and realign and extend Hopson Road from Louis Stephens Drive to
NC 55. The extension of Louis Stephens Drive will be let to contract by RTF, and the extension of
Hopson Road to NC 55 will be let to contract by the NCDOT. The project is part of NCDOT
Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) project number U-4410 D. The total project length is
approximately 1.5 miles. The proposed project is located in Durham and Wake Counties, in Research
Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina. The project area is comprised of several tracts of undeveloped
forested land owned by the Research Triangle Foundation of North Carolina and private property
owners.
Connecting Hopson Road to NC 55 and extending Louis Stephens Drive to Hopson Road will provide
' alternate travel routes for RTP commuters and residents in the project area. The proposed action will
create access to sites available for research and development in southern RTP and facilitate development
of these sites. The proposed road improvements will conduct future traffic that would otherwise be
' assigned to existing roadways, which may minimize the rate at which increases in traffic will result in
lower level of service on existing facilities.
' Construction of the proposed project will occur in two phases. Construction on the extension of Louis
Stephens Drive is planned for completion in late 2005. This will include construction of the intersection
at Hopson Road, with Hopson Road stubbed-out on the west side of the intersection. Hopson Road will
be extended to NC 55 when the Research Triangle Foundation sells a site adjacent to the proposed road.
The estimated completion date for the extension of Hopson Road to NC 55 is late 2006 or early 2007.
The proposed project does not result in air quality or noise impacts. There are no known impacts to
' cultural resources and no relocations are necessary because of the proposed project. No jurisdictional
wetlands will be affected by the proposed project. The site is not located within a 100-year floodplain.
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) issued a Section 404 Nationwide Permit (NWP)
14 on March 3, 2001 for 1,042 linear feet of stream channel impacts to Long Branch above headwaters.
These impacts occur at the 91-acre project site located between Hopson Road and Davis Drive in
Research Triangle Park. This NWP 14 has an expiration date of July 31, 2005. Sediment and erosion
control permits are required by the North Carolina Division of Land Resources (NCDLR) for land
disturbing activity. The NCDLR also requires a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) general stormwater permit for any activity disturbing more than one acre of land.
1 200
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high voltage electrical lines across the northern portion of the site. CSX Transportation maintains a
' railroad track right-of-way across the western portion of the site.
Project construction will temporarily impact approximately 75.8 acres of natural habitat. Terrestrial biotic
community impacts include 3.1 acres of alluvial forest, 60.2 acres of mined hardwood forest, and 12.5
' acres of man-dominated areas. Permanent impacts are expected to be less depending on final roadway
design.
' No protected species were observed during field investigations. Potential habitat for smooth coneflower
(Echiraacea laevigata) does exist along the Duke Power easement; however, no specimens of this plant were
found during field surveys. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) concurred in a letter dated July
' 29, 2003 that project construction is not likely to adversely affect the smooth coneflower.
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005 ix
' U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005

1
1

1

I
Document Date: 1/26/2 '
005 Lows Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment
Durham and Wake Counties
SR 2500 (Louis Stephens Drive) Extension
from SR 3093 (Development Drive) to SR 1978 (Hopson Road,
' and SR 1978 (Hopson Road) Realignment and Extension
State Project No. 35021.2.1
T.I.P. Project No. U-4410 D

PROJECT COMMITMENTS
' In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit No. 14 Conditions, the General Nationwide Permit
Conditions, Section 404 Only Conditions, Regional Conditions, State Consistency Conditions, NCDOT's

' Guidelines for Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, General Certification
Conditions, and Section 401 Conditions of Certification, the following special commitments have been
agreed to by the NCDOT:
1
Pre-Construction Commitments
1 hways - Contract Services
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Branch
Division of Hi
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' The Contractor will be required to provide coverage for all work to be performed on CSX right-of-way
per Insurance Special Provisions - CSX Transportation
Inc.
,

t

Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005 xi
' U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 1%31/2005

1

1

I

1.o PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED
PROJECT
1 . 1 INTRODUCTION
This document has been prepared in accordance with the North Carolina Environmental Policy Act of
1971, as amended, (North Carolina General Statutes Article I Chapter 113A) as codified in the North
Carolina Administrative Code, Title 1, Chapter 25. The proposed project is a cooperative effort between
the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) and Research Triangle Foundation of
North Carolina (RTF). It is included in the NCDOT 2004-2010 Transportation Improvement Program
(TIP) as U-4410 D.
1.2 PROPOSED ACTION
The proposed project is located in the Research Triangle Park in central North Carolina (see Figure 1).
The proposed action will extend Louis Stephens Drive and realign and extend Hopson Road, just east of
NC 55 near the Durham / Wake County line. The proposed project includes two new roadway corridors:
one is a north-to-south roadway connecting Louis Stephens Drive to Hopson Road and the other is an
east-to-west roadway that realigns and extends Hopson Road to connect with NC 55. Louis Stephens
Drive is proposed as a four-lane divided roadway. Initial construction will consist of two interior lanes
paved and two outside lanes graded on a 200-foot right-of-way from the intersection with Development
Drive north to Hopson Road.
The Louis Stephens Drive extension is approximately 1.02 miles long. Existing Hopson Road will be
realigned and extend -vest from the intersection with Louis Stephens Drive and intersect with NC 55.
Hopson Road is proposed as a four-lane divided roadway on a 150-foot right-of-way. The Hopson Road
realignment and extension is approximately 0.46 miles long.
1.3 SUMMARY OF NEED FOR THE PROPOSED ACTION
The Louis Stephens Drive extension and Hopson Road realignment are strategically important to the
economic development of, and transportation service in, the Research Triangle Park. The primary needs
for the proposed action are as follows:
• The project is a component of area plans to improve system connectivity and provide anew
north-south travel corridor for commuters traveling to RTP.
Louis Stephens Drive is open to traffic between Development Drive and Kit Creek Road (SR 3095) in
Research Triangle Park. A section of the road is also open to traffic in the Town of Cary where it begins
at Carpenter Upchurch Road (SR'2000) near High House Road (SR 1615) (see Figure 2). Several area
plans propose the extension, including the Research Triangle Park Southern Portion Conceptual Development Plan
(Research Triangle Foundation, 2003) as shown in Figure 3. Alternatives to existing travel routes that
improve system connectivity with arterial roadways and I-40 will provide commuters with travel pattern
choices on congested roadways.
• There is no current access to sites available for development in this section ofResearch
Triangle Park.
Several sites owned by RTF are located along the proposed project corridor. These sites are available for
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005 1-1
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005
commercial development and must have adequate access.
• Traffic in the project area is projected to increase substantially by2030, increasing demand
on area roadways.
Traffic volume forecasts prepared by the NCDOT (see Figure 4 through Figure 6) for the 2004 base,
2005 build, and 2030 future Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) for several roadways in the project
area show the following:
¦ The 2004 AADT along Hopson Road ranges from 5,200 to 5,400 vehicles per day (vpd). By
2030, the projected AADT for Hopson Road (with the project in place) increases to between
34,400 vpd and 34,600 vpd.
¦ The 2004 AADT on Development Drive and Louis Stephens Drive is 700 vpd. Estimates for
2030 indicate that Development Drive will carry 2,000 vpd. Proposed Louis Stephens Drive is
projected to carry between 11,000 vpd and 12,800 vpd.
¦ The AADT for NC 55 ranges between 16,600 vpd and 16,800 vpd in 2004 and between 43,300
vpd and 56,100 vpd in 2030.
At a minimum, a portion of the traffic projected for the proposed extension of Louis Stephens Drive and
Hopson Road in 2030 will utilize existing roads in the project vicinity. This additional burden on the
existing infrastructure will lead to increased travel times and delays for commuters.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROPOSED ACTION
The primary purposes of the proposed action include the following:
• Improve connectivityin and to theproject area.
Connecting Hopson Road to NC 55 and extending Louis Stephens Drive to Hopson Road will provide
alternate travel routes for RTP commuters and residents in the project area. Louis Stephens Drive will
intersect with Hopson Road, providing travelers with access to NC 55 to the west, NC 54, Davis Drive
(SR 1613), and Page Road (SR 1973) to the east, and T. W. Alexander Drive (SR 2028) to the north. The
Town of Cary Comprehensive Transportation Plan (www.townofcary.org) calls for the extension of Louis
Stephens Drive from the intersection of High House Road and Jenks Carpenter Road (SR 3011) on the
south to the proposed project area to serve north/south travel demand because of "foreseen deficiencies
in the transportation network without it." Hopson Road will extend from its intersection with Louis
Stephens Drive to NC 55. NC 55 and Davis Drive provide access to I-40 to the north and US 64 and US
1 to the south. Improving connectivity will serve to decrease overall vehicle miles traveled, reduce vehicle
operating costs, and shorten trip times.
• Create access to sites slated for development in southern RTP.
The proposed action will create access to sites available for commercial development and facilitate
development of these sites. Without this access, the sites will not be viable alternatives for potential
employers. As companies develop these sites, they will provide new jobs that will enhance the state's
economy.
• Improve traffic f1'owin the project area.
The proposed road improvements will conduct future traffic that would otherwise be assigned to existing
roadways. This improvement will potentially minimize the rate at which increases in traffic will result in
lower level of service on existing facilities.
Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
1 2 Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment
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r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
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? BUILDABLE AREA
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NOTE:
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1.5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.5.1 PROJECT SETTING
The project is located in Research Triangle Park, which is a public/private planned research park that
encompasses 7,000 acres in Durham and Wake Counties. A small portion of the southern end of the
project site is within Wake County. The remainder of the site is within Durham County. Nearby cities
and towns include Durham to the north, Chapel Hill to the west, and Raleigh, Cary, Apex and Morrisville
to the south and east.
General land use in the study area consists of undeveloped, forested parcels owned by RTF. These sites
are intended for research and development. This project will connect to existing roadways where
companies are currently located. Part of the study area also includes a private property used for
recreational purposes. The Durham County Wildlife Club owns a tract of land south of Hopson Road
and east of the proposed Louis Stephens Drive alignment. More detailed information on land use is
included in Section 3.1.1.
1.5.2 HISTORY OF PROJECT
The project is included in the 2004-2010 NCDOT Transportation Improvement Program. Historically, the
proposed project was included in the Research Triangle Foundation's planning for development of the
southern portion of RTP. It is included in the Southern Portion Conceptual Development Plan (Research
Triangle Foundation of North Carolina, 2003) for RTP (see Figure 3) and was included in earlier versions
of the Plan. The Plan shows the area bounded by Hopson Road, NC 55, Interstate 540 (proposed), and
Triangle Parkway (proposed).

n
n
n
I?

Louis Stephens Drive in its entirety is a planned north-south route into Research Triangle Park that
extends from Jenks Carpenter Road at its intersection with High House Road in Wake County to T. W.
Alexander Drive in Durham County. Public and private monies have been used to build several sections
of the route. Existing Louis Stephens Drive begins at Carpenter Upchurch Road (SR 2000) in Cary and
continues to Green Hope Elementary School Park and Cary Tennis Center. Construction to Morrisville
Carpenter Road is planned by autumn 2005. Louis Stephens Drive in RTP is open between Kit Creek
Road and Development Drive.
1.6 SYSTEM LINKAGE
1.6.1 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK
Principal arterials that serve the project area and vicinity include Interstate 40 and NC 54 to the north and
east of the proposed project site, and NC 55 to the west of the project. These roads are regionally
significant, heavily traveled commuter routes. Interstate 40 traverses the state from east to west and is a
major travel route for RTP employees of Wake and Durham Counties, as well as the surrounding
counties. NC 54 brings commuters from the Chapel Hill area and beyond to the west of the project area,
and from Cary and Morrisville to the south and east. NC 55 enters RTP from Durham to the north and
from Apex and Holly Springs to the south.
Other important local roads include Davis Drive (SR 1999), which intersects Hopson Road to the east of
the project area, and Development Drive, which will connect Davis Drive to the southern end of the
newly constructed portion of Louis Stephens Drive. Kit Creek Road, which lies to the south of the
project area, crosses Louis Stephens Drive and connects Davis Drive to NC 55.
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005 1-15
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005
1.6.2 MODAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS
RAILROADS
Norfolk Southern Railroad and CSX Transportation provide freight service in the region. A railroad
crossing on South Alston Avenue north of its intersection with Hopson Road is located along a branch
of the CSX line that runs between Durham and Apex. According to the NCDOT Rail Division, two
trains per day travel the corridor at a maximum speed of 10 mph. Trains are restricted to a maximum
speed of 25 mph. CSX owns the 100-foot right-of-way along this section of the rail corridor.
Two Amtrak trains, the Piedmont and the Carolinian, serve the Triangle area along the track adjacent to
NC 54. The Piedmont is based in Raleigh and operates between Raleigh and Charlotte. In addition to
these two cities, it provides daily service to Cary, Durham, Burlington, Greensboro, High Point,
Salisbury, and Kannapolis. In Raleigh, the Piedmont connects with Amtrak's Silver Star, which operates
o and from Florida. The Carolinian connects to Amtrak's Northeast Corridor.
State of North Carolina and the Commonwealth of Virginia are working together to complete an
ronmental impact assessment for the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor. The corridor is designated
1 Washington, DC to Richmond, Virginia, to Raleigh, North Carolina and on to Charlotte, North
Mina. The maximum speed of the overall system is anticipated to be 110 mph, but the final design
ria are not yet determined.
RPORTS
nearest commercial airport is Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU), which is approximately
miles east of the project area. This airport serves domestic and international travelers and in 2003
Ted more than seven million passengers.
4NS/T
lic transportation systems providing service in the project vicinity include Chapel Hill Transit,
ham Area Transit Authority, Triangle Transit Authority, Capital Area Transit, C-Tran, and Orange
my Public Transportation. Some systems operate only within particular city limits, while others
ride shuttles or regional connectors to outlying areas. Durham County Access provides subscription
dial-a-ride transportation for citizens of Durham County who reside outside the City of Durham.
anal Rail service is planned for the surrounding areas. The plan includes Regional Rail service and
aded bus service, shuttles, park and ride facilities, and enhanced pedestrian and bicycle access to
it. It is divided into several phases, the first of which will connect Durham, RTP, Cary, Raleigh and
h Raleigh. The service will use self-propelled, bi-directional diesel rail cars using the existing railroad
s-of-way, and is expected to carry approximately 28,000 daily riders by 2025. The first phase of the
is expected to be operational by 2007. Later plans include connections to RDU and Chapel Hill.
there are no existing rail corridors that directly link these areas to the Phase I line, there will be
complex planning, design, and construction issues.
1-16
Tonal Rail conceptual plans for RTP stations include the Triangle Metro Center. This station is the
est to the Louis Stephens Drive/Hopson Road project area. The Triangle Metro Center will be a
density, mixed-use development located next to the station, just south of the rail bridge over NC 54
South Miami Boulevard (SR 1959). Triangle Transit Authority's bus transfer facility and
inistrative offices will be part of Triangle Metro Center, and shuttles will connect this station to RDU
RTP employers.
anent Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Printed: 2/1
U-4410 D Environmental assessment

1

1.7 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
1.7.1 DEMOGRAPHICS
Durham County is less than half the size of Wake County, yet statistics are similar on a persons per
square mile basis. Both counties are much more densely populated per square mile than the state average
(see Table 1-1).
Table 1-1. Population Density by County and State.
Characteristic Durham County Wake County North Carolina
Land Area (square miles) 290 832 48,711
Persons Per Square Mile 769.2 754.7 165.2
Source: 2000 US Census
The 2000 Census population total for North Carolina is 8,049,313 (see Table 1-2). This figure indicates a
population increase of 21.4 percent from the 1990 Census. The 2000 Census population total is 223,314
for Durham County, and 627,846 for Wake County.
Table 1-2. Population by Race Breakdown for Tract, County and State.
Durham Co. Wake Co. Durham Wake North
Population by Race* Census Tract Census Tract County County Carolina
20.14 536
All Races Total 5,034 9,437 223,314 627,846 8,049,313
White 2,891 7,792 113,698 454,544 5,804,656
Black or African American 1,235 634 88,109 123,820 1,737,545
American Indian or Alaska 21 39 660 2,152 99,551
Native
Asian 661 757 7,350 21,249 113,689
Native Hawaiian/Other 3 2 79 212 3,983
Pacific Islander
Other Race 120 98
- 9,404 15,548 186,629
Two or More Races 103 7 115 4,014 10,321 103,260
* Hispanic or Latino populations are included vntlun the numbers given.
Durham County had a population increase of 22.8 percent from 1990 to 2000. In contrast, Wake County
showed a much higher growth rate of 47.3 percent from 1990 to 2000. Projected population levels for
2030 are 328,573 for Durham County and 1,334,100 for Wake County.
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005 1-17
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005
Table 1-2 portrays the population by race in Durham and Wake Counties. In both counties the largest
single racial group is White, followed by Black or African-American, and then Asian; however,
percentages of these groups vary between the two counties. In Durham County, 51 percent of the
population is White, 39 percent is Black or African-American, and three percent is Asian. In Wake
County, 72 percent of the population is White, 20 percent is Black or African-American, and three
percent is Asian. At the Census Block level, no persons are reported for the 2000 Census in Durham
County, and only one person is reported in Wake County, which highlights the strong business nature of
the project area.
Persons 65 and older represent 12 percent of the population statewide. This age group represents 9.7
percent of the population in Durham County, and 7.4 percent in Wake County.
1.7.2 ECONOMY
Both Durham and Wake counties are in general more affluent than the state as a whole. As Table 1-3
indicates, the only category shown which is less advantageous than the state average is persons below the
poverty level in Durham County.
Table 1-3. Economic Characteristics by County and State.
Economic Characteristic Durham Wake North
County County Carolina
Median Household Income, 1999 $43,337 $54,988 $39,184
Persons Below Poverty Level, 1999 13.4% 7.8% 12.3%
Unemployed, 2002 5.7% 5.3% 6.7%
Median Value of Owner-Occupied
$118,091
$156,136
$108,300
Housing Units, 2000
Source: NC Department of Commerce, Economic Development Information System
The single largest employment category in Durham County is manufacturing, followed closely by health
care and social assistance (see Table 1-4). The single largest employment category in Wake County is
retail trade. More than 47 percent of Durham County workers are employed in three sectors, while Wake
County workers are more evenly distributed throughout the various sectors. Wake County employs more
government workers, which is expected because it contains Raleigh, the state capital.
1.7.3 OTHER ISSUES
In 1958 Research Triangle Foundation of North Carolina was formed as a non-profit organization to
solicit funds to develop RTP. By 1959 funding from individuals and businesses was in place to purchase
land and construct the Robert M. Hanes Building. In that year, Research Triangle Institute (RTI) became
RTP's first tenant and served as the focal point for companies interested in the Park. Today RTI is the
fourth largest non-profit contract research organization in the United States.
18 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment

t Table 1-4. Percent Employment by Sector for County and State.

i

1 1-1
LJ
Employment By Sector Durham County Wake County North Carolina
Total Government 10.7 18.7 17.1
Total Private Industry 89.3 81.3 82.9
Manufacturing 19.7 6.1 16.8
Retail Trade 8.0 11.8 11.6
Professional & Technical Services 9.4 7.9 4.1
Administrative & Waste Services 5.6 7.3 5.5
Educational Services 10.0 8.4 9.0
Health Care and Social Assistance 17.6 9.4 12.1
Accommodation & Food Services 6.4 7.8 7.5
Public Administration 4.4 8.8 5.7
Construction 3.0 6.9 5.6
Wholesale Trade 3.5 4.9 4.4
Other Categories 12.4 20.7 17.7
Source: NC Department of Commerce, Economic Development Information System
Growth in the Park was slow in the early 1960s. Major growth began in 1965 when International
Business Machines (IBM) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences joined RTP. By
1969, 21 companies were located in the Park, and in the next two decades an additional 45 companies
chose locations there. The Park's tenants have continued to grow in number and diversification. Today
RTP encompasses 7,000 acres and houses more than 100 research and development facilities that employ
over 38,500 people.
' 1.8 TRANSPORTATION PLANS
1 1.8.1 NODOT TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM
The NCDOT 2004-2010 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) lists the proposed project as U-4410.
Projects listed under this TIP number are collectively titled RTP Access Routes. They include:
' 0 Section A, Louis Stephens Road, Lots 6 and 12 to South Loop Road.
• Section D, Louis Stephens Road, Hopson Road to Development Drive.
• Section E, George Watts Hill Drive to Site 33.
• Section F, George Watts Hill Extension to Church Street.
' Part of the project is under construction. Other planned road improvement projects in the southern RTP
vicinity listed in the 2004 - 2010 NCDOT TIP include the following:
' Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005 1-19
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005
¦ TIP Project No. R-2906: NC 55 from US 64 in Wake County to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) in
Durham County, widen to multi-lanes. Construction is scheduled for Federal Fiscal Year (FFY)
2004 and 2007. TIP comments indicate that advance construction began in FFY 2003 with
payback in FFY 2007 as programmed.
¦ TIP Project No. U-4026: SR 1613 - SR 1999 (Davis Drive), SR 3014 (Morrisville-Carpenter
Road) in Wake County to NC 54 in Durham County, widen to multi-lanes. Construction is
scheduled for State Fiscal Year (SFY) 2004.
¦ TIP Project No. R-2904: NC 54, SR 1999 (Davis Drive) to SR 1959 (Miami Boulevard) and SR
1973 (Page Road), NC 54 to I-40, widen to multi-lanes and replace railroad structure.
Construction is planned for FFY 2008.
¦ TIP Project No. I-3306: Add additional lanes to I-40 from I-85 in Orange County to NC 147
(Buck Dean Freeway) in Durham County. Part of the project is under construction and part is
unfunded.
¦ TIP Project No. I-2204: Add additional lanes to I-40 from NC 147 (Buck Dean Freeway) in
Research Triangle Park to Bradshaw Freeway at Wade Avenue in Wake County. The project is
under construction.
Recent roadway improvements in the project vicinity include the extension of Hopson Road from NC 54
to Page Road. Improvements also were completed at the intersections of Kit Creek Road and NC 55, and
Kit Creek Road and Davis Drive. Improvements at the Kit Creek Road and Louis Stephens Drive
intersection are underway.
1.8.2 THOROUGHFARE PLANS
This project is shown as a proposed minor thoroughfare on the thoroughfare plan map of the Capital
Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO) (1997). Participants in this organization include
Raleigh and Cary, plus ten other Wake County towns, Wake County government, and the NCDOT.
CAMPO's Transportation Plan Update 2025 (2002) lists Louis Stephens Drive Extension from Morrisville
Parkway (SR 3060) to Cary extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) as a Priority Transportation Project. This
phase of Louis Stephens Drive is located south of the proposed Development Drive/Hopson Road
phase. Priority Transportation Projects are determined by local member agencies and the CAMPO
boards through district and regional meetings, examination of modeling results, peer review input, and
public information received in the planning process.
The Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Metropolitan Planning Organization (DCHC MPO) covers all of
Durham County, a portion of Orange County including Chapel Hill, Carrboro and Hillsborough, and
northeast Chatham County. The DCHC MPO 2025 Long Kange Transportation Plan (2002) indicates NC 55
and Interstate 40 as the closest highway projects to the proposed project area. The organization's Draft
Metropolitan Transportation Improvement Program (2002) does not list the Louis Stephens Drive/Hopson Road
project.
The Town of Cary's Comprehensive Transportation Plan (www.townofcary.org) extends Louis Stephens Drive
from the intersection of High House Road and Jenks-Carpenter Road on the south to Alston Avenue in
Durham County on the north. The roadway is intended to serve north-south travel demand in the Davis
Drive and NC 55 service regions. The roadway will be constructed by developers; however, the Town of
Cary will fill in gaps between the developer-funded sections. The Cary Citizen Advisory Committee
expressed interest in the construction of this roadway in the near-term rather than later because of
Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
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foreseen deficiencies in the existing transportation network. Segments of the roadway are included on the
2005, 2015, and 2025 Cary Comprehensive Transportation Plan priorities lists. Proposed typical sections for
Louis Stephens Drive from High House Road to South Alston Avenue include sidewalks and 14-foot
wide outside lanes to accommodate bicycles.
1.9 ROADWAY CAPACITY
1.9.1 EXISTING CHARACTERISTICS
Existing Louis Stephens Drive begins at Carpenter
Upchurch Road (SR 2000) in Cary. Here, Louis
Stephens Drive is a two-lane 24-foot section and a
signed bike route. The road continues to Green
Hope Elementary School Park and Cary Tennis
Center where it transitions and terminates into a five-
lane section with 14-foot lanes, curb and gutter, and
sidewalks (see photo to right). The Town of Cary
plans to extend Louis Stephens Drive to Morrisville
Carpenter Road with construction completed by the
fall of 2005. Road width will vary between three
undivided lanes, five undivided lanes and four lanes
with a median. Plans include sidewalks on both sides
and wide outside lanes to accommodate bicycles.
s ? ? if III I
Louis Stephens Drive in RTP is operational from
Kit Creek Road to its terminus at Development
" Drive see photo to left Construction of Louis
Stephens Drive is underway south of Kit Creek
Road (Little Drive), where it will intersect with
future South Loop Road, a planned four-lane
divided facility from Louis Stephens Drive to
1 = j"rM Davis Drive. The existing roadway is a two-lane
24-foot section with four-foot paved shoulders.
Existing right-of-way will accommodate a future
y four-lane typical section with a raised median. A
paved jogging trail that may also be used by
cyclists and skaters is located adjacent to the
road. Louis Stephens Drive at the Kit Creek
Road intersection is under construction to transition to a four-lane section with a raised median, turn
lanes, and curb and gutter.
The project proposes to realign Hopson Road where it presently turns to the north at South Alston
Avenue to continue west to NC 55 (see Figure 2). Here, existing Hopson Road is a two-lane minor
arterial with 11-foot travel lanes and grassed shoulders. At its northern end, Hopson Road "T" intersects
' with South Alston Avenue just south of the T.W. Alexander Drive intersection. The road continues
north of the T.W. Alexander Drive intersection as Alston Avenue. To the east of South Alston Avenue,
Hopson Road "T" intersects with Innovation Drive, which provides access to the Durham County
Wildlife Club and a business, JMC Metals, Inc. Hopson Road continues to the east to signalized
intersections with Davis Drive, South Miami Boulevard, and Slater Road (SR 2104). East of Slater Road,
Hopson Road becomes Page Road.
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005
' U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/2/2005
1-21
The right-of-way for existing Louis Stephens Drive at Development Drive is 200 feet. The right-of-way
for existing Hopson Road varies between over 200 feet just east of the project area to 150 feet within the
project area. There is no restriction on access from properties adjacent to existing Louis Stephens Drive
or Hopson Road. The speed limit on existing Louis Stephens Drive in RTP is not posted; however, it is
posted at 35 mph on the existing section in Cary. The speed limit on Hopson Road is 55 mph between T.
W. Alexander Drive and Davis Drive, and 45 mph east of Davis Drive.
There is a single-track CSX Railroad crossing on South Alston Avenue between NC 55 and Hopson
Road. Currently, two trains per day use the facility. The trains travel at a 10 mph and are restricted to a
maximum speed of 25 mph.
1.9.2 EXISTING CONDITIONS
The NCDOT prepared traffic volume forecasts for the 2004 base, 2005 build, and 2030 future Annual
Average Daily Traffic (AADT) for several roadways in the project area as shown in Figure 4 through
Figure 6. The 2004 AADT along Hopson Road ranges from 5,200 to 5,400 vehicles per day (vpd). The
percentage of truck traffic is three percent dual-tire vehicles (duals) and two percent truck-tractor semi
trailer (TTST). The 2004 AADT on Development Drive and Louis Stephens Drive is 700 vpd, with two
percent duals and one percent TTST. South Alston Avenue has an AADT ranging between 800 vpd and
1,000 vpd with three percent duals and one percent TTST. The 2004 AADT for NC 55 ranges between
16,600 vpd and 16,800 vpd with three percent duals and TTST. A traffic capacity analysis was conducted
for the proposed project (Mulkey, 2004b). Peak hour characteristics were determined for existing
infrastructure under No-Build conditions and are presented in Table 1-5.
Level of service (LOS) information in the table provides a qualitative measure that characterizes the
operational conditions at an intersection and the perception of traffic service by motorists and
passengers. The 2000 Highway Capacity Manual (Transportation Research Board, 2000) uses control delay
to calculate LOS versus earlier editions that used stop delay. The result is a higher delay threshold as
control delay is calculated by multiplying the stop delay by a factor of 1.3. The following tables, taken
from the 2000 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), relate the control delay to the LOS. The six levels of
service are labeled A through F with A being the best. For signalized intersections, the LOS for the
intersection is determined by taking the intersection delay and converting it to a letter using Table 1-6.
The results of an unsignalized, two-way stopped controlled (I'WSC) intersection analysis are also
expressed in terms of LOS. The six levels of service are still labeled A through F with A being the best.
However, the LOS criteria are different for a TWSC than that used for a signalized intersection based
primarily on the difference in driver expectancy. It is important to note that intersection-wide delay and
LOS are not calculated by HCM software for an unsignalized intersection. Therefore, both delay and
LOS must be examined for each directional approach. Table 1-7 relates the LOS to the intersection delay
for TWSC intersections.
1.9.3 PROJECTED CONDITIONS
The projected 2005 AADT for the proposed project on Hopson Road ranges between 11,100 vpd and
11,200 vpd. In 2005, Development Drive is estimated to have 1,000 vpd, Louis Stephens between 5,000
vpd and 5,900 vpd, and NC 55 between 17,300 vpd and 12,300 vpd. The projected 2030 AADT for the
proposed project on Hopson Road ranges between 34,400 vpd and 34,600 vpd. In 2030, Development
Drive is estimated to have 2,000 vpd, Louis Stephens between 11,000 vpd and 12,800 vpd, and NC 55
between 43,300 vpd and 56,100 vpd. Estimates on the percentage of trucks in the traffic stream (duals
and TTST) for 2005 and 2030 remain consistent with the numbers estimated for 2004.
Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/2/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment
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Table 1-5. Peak Hour Intersection LOS for Existing Infrastructure for Base and Future Years.
Level of Service
2004 AM
Peak Hour 2004 PM
Peak Hour 2030 AM
Peak Hour 2030 PM
Peak Hour
Hopson Road at Alston Avenue
Alston Avenue Northeast-bound B B F F
Hopson Road Northbound A A B A
Hopson Road Southbound A A A A
Average Delay (seconds) 2.6 0.6 1,496.2 5.8
NC 55 at Alston Avenue (unsignalized)
Alston Avenue Northeast-bound F F F F
Alston Avenue Southwest-bound F F F F
NC 55 Northbound A A A F
NC 55 Southbound A A A A
Average Delay (seconds) 64.3 42.3 N/A* N/A*
* Out of range; the overall average delay exceeded the range of the software
Table 1-6. Level of Service Control Delay for Signalized Intersections.
Level of Service Control Delay per Vehicle (sec)
A < 10.0
B > 10.0 and < 20.0
C > 20.0 and < 35.0
D >35.0 and < 55.0
E > 55.0 and < 80.0
F > 80.0
Table 1-7. Level of Service Control Delay for Two-way Stop Intersections.
Level of Service Control Delay per Vehicle (sec)
A < 10.0
B > 10.0 and < 15.0
C > 15.0 and < 25.0
D > 25.0 and < 35.0
E > 35.0 and < 50.0
F > 50.0
Louis Stephens Drive Extension
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment
Document Date: 1/26/2005 1-23
Date Printed: 2/1/2005
A signalized intersection analysis was performed using Synchro v5.0 signal analysis software. Unsignalized
intersection analysis utilized the HCM 2000 Signalized Operations Method found in Chapter 17 of the
2000 HCM. The traffic data used in the analysis was provided by the NCDOT and included the
estimated AADT's for the 2004 No-Build Alternative and for the 2005 and 2030 "Build" Alternative.
However, to examine the 2030 No-Build scenario, traffic volumes were projected from the 2004 existing
infrastructure AADT's to design year 2030. Historical growth trends for the area were also provided by
NCDOT and varied as follows: Hopson Road - 5.1%; NC 55 - 3.8%; and Alston Avenue - 4.3%.
Projected level of service for the proposed project intersections in 2005 and 2030 are shown in Table 1-8.
For the existing infrastructure, the historical growth factors provided by NCDOT that were applicable to
NC 55 area was used to project existing peak hour traffic volumes for 2004 to 2030. Although the LOS
for both the northbound and southbound approaches of Hopson Road at Alston Avenue remained
acceptable during the 2004 analysis, the northeast bound traffic on Alston Avenue failed with an
unrecoverable delay for that approach without improvements in 2030. At the intersection of NC 55 and
Alston Avenue, even 2004 traffic volumes cause a LOS F for the northeast-bound approach of Alston
Avenue. In 2030, traffic volumes along NC 55 are so high that even the LOS for the northbound left
turning movement of NC 55 fails. At both of the existing intersections, the main street traffic flow
remains adequate through 2030. However, even 2004 traffic on the side streets cause unacceptable delays
and require that geometric improvements be made.
It is difficult to make a direct comparison between the existing infrastructure and the proposed
improvements as the extensions and realignments of Louis Stephens Drive, Hopson Road, and Alston
Avenue introduce factors not included in the existing system, such as through traffic from Louis
Stephens Drive and RTP. The proposed analysis considered each of the primary intersections as both a
TWSC intersection and as a signalized intersection for design year 2005. These intersections include NC
55 at northeast-bound Alston Avenue, Hopson Road at NC 55, and Hopson Road at Louis Stephens
Drive. As unsignalized intersections under stop-sign control, these intersections exhibit a satisfactory
LOS on the main streets with at least some reduction in their LOS by design year 2030. This decline is
due notably to left turn movements opposing through lanes operating at, or above, full capacity. The side
streets prove to be the deciding factor for failure at each of these intersections.
The unsignalized Alston Avenue approach fails in 2005 for NC 55 at the northeast bound Alston Avenue
intersection. As a signalized intersection, an overall LOS of A is obtained with an acceptable LOS
maintained through design year 2030. At the intersection of Hopson Road at NC 55, the main street
approaches of NC 55 operate at a LOS B or better with a LOS of F for the NC 55 southbound approach
by 2030. The failure is due to the southbound left turns opposing northbound volumes which exceed
capacity. However, the Hopson Road approach fails in design year 2005. The addition of a signal at this
intersection does result in a LOS of B in 2005, but by 2030 the intersection again fails. Geometric
improvements may be warranted at this intersection by design year 2030 if the growth trends for this area
continue as expected. The signalized intersection of Hopson Road at Louis Stephens Drive was evaluated
for both design years 2005 and 2030 using Synchro software. A LOS of B is obtained for 2005, but by
2030 geometric improvements may also be warranted as the intersection fails during the AM peak hour
traffic.
1-24 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment

1 Table 1-8. Peak Hour Intersection LOS for Proposed Infrastructure for Build and Future Years.

Level of Service
2005 AM
Peak Hour 2005 PM
Peak Hour 2030 AM
Peak Hour 2030 PM
Peak Hour
Hopson Road at Louis Stephens Drive
(signalized, all lanes operational) B B F D
NC 55 at Southbound Alston Avenue (unsignalized, cul-de-sac)
Alston Avenue Southwest-bound A A A A
NC 55 Northbound A A A A
NC 55 Southbound A A A A
Average Delay (seconds) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NC 55 at Northeast-bound Alston Avenue (unsignalized)
Alston Avenue Northeast-bound F F F F
NC 55 Northbound A A A A
NC 55 Southbound A A A A
Average Delay (seconds) 4.5 1.2 562.8 309.0
NC 55 at Northeast-bound Alston Avenue
(signalized) A A D C
Development Drive at Louis Stephens Drive (unsignalized)
Development Drive Westbound C B C C
Louis Stephens Drive Northbound A A A A
Louis Stephens Drive Southbound A A A A
Average Delay (seconds) 1.2 1.7 2.1 2.1
Hopson Road at NC 55 (unsignalized)
Hopson Road Westbound F F F F
NC 55 Northbound A A A A
NC 55 Southbound B A F F
Average Delay (seconds) 1050.4 513.6 N/A* N/A*
Hopson Road at NC 55 (signalized) B B F F
* Out of range; the overall average delay exceeded the range of the software
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005 1-25
' U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005
1 .1 O ACCIDENT ANALYSIS
The NCDOT conducted an analysis of crash statistics for the surrounding project area for the three-year
period between October 1, 2000 and September 30, 2003. The analysis evaluated the following roadway
segments:
¦ South Alston Avenue from Hopson Road to the Wake County line;
¦ Hopson Road from Lakeview Drive to its intersection with Alston Avenue and T. W. Alexander
Drive; and
¦ Development Drive from Davis Drive to its terminus at Louis Stephens Drive.
On South Alston Avenue, there were 11 accidents at or near the intersection of NC 55 and Kit Creek
Road for the three-year period and a total crash rate of 895.34 crashes per 100 million vehicle miles
(mvm). None of the accidents were fatal and nine involved property damage only. Approximately 81
percent of the crashes were caused by one vehicle rear-ending or side-swiping another vehicle.
On Hopson Road, 13 crashes occurred at its intersection with T. W. Alexander Drive and Alston Avenue
between October 1, 2000 and September 30, 2003. The total crash rate for this roadway segment for the
period was 302.32 crashes per 100 mvm. The number of crashes by accident type are: nine "angle," three
"left turn, different roadways," and one "rear end." There were no fatalities.
There were four non-fatal crashes on Development Drive between Davis Drive and Louis Stephens
Drive for the three-year period resulting in a total crash rate of 11,069.60 crashes per 100 mvm. Three of
the four crashes occurred at the Davis Drive intersection. Number of crashes by accident type are: one
"angle," two "left turn, different roadways," and one "overturn/rollover."
South Alston Avenue, Hopson Road, and Development Drive are listed as secondary roads in the
NCDOT Secondary Roads Database (http://apps.dot.state.nc.us/srlookup/SecondaryRoads.aspx).
Hopson Road (SR 1978) is not listed by name; however, SR 1978 is included in the database as Page
Road. Page Road turns into Hopson Road west of NC 54. The NCDOT compiled three-year crash rates
for urban roads in Highway Division 5, which includes Wake and Durham Counties, for the years 2000
though 2002 (NCDOT Traffic Safety Systems Management website), as well as statewide crash rates for
the same time period. The NCDOT reports the crash rate for Division 5 urban secondary roads at 616.74
crashes per 100 mvm. The statewide crash rate for urban secondary roads was 426.57 crashes per 100
mvm. The crash rates for South Alston Avenue and Development Drive were higher than Division 5 and
statewide crash rates, with Development Drive being substantially higher. The crash rate for Hopson
Road was lower than both the Division 5 and statewide rates.
During the above mentioned three-year period, the Division 5 fatal crash rate for secondary roads was
0.96. The statewide fatal crash rate for secondary roads was 1.14. South Alston Avenue, Hopson Road,
and Development Drive had no fatal crashes during this period.
1.1 1 BENEFITS TO STATE, REGION, AND COMMUNITY
The Research Triangle Park plays a vital role in the economic success of the region and the state. Locally,
RTP companies provide a large number of jobs to area residents. RTP has served as a catalyst in the
progressive growth in surrounding communities such as Cary and Morrisville.
Presently the majority of the project area is wooded; however, lots have been parceled out for future
development of research related businesses. The proposed project is expected to enhance economic
growth and development in the project area, thereby favorably affecting the tax base.
1-26 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
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The completion of these roadway improvements is expected to relieve some of the commuter traffic
congestion associated with traveling to and in RTP. In consideration of the planned growth for this area,
this project will enhance the safety and general welfare of regional residents and commuters by providing
more travel lanes and a more direct route for the flow of employees, goods, services, and traffic.
It is important that actions taken in the area are timely and well-planned. This project will ensure that
appropriate access to development sites is provided, and that traffic volume is properly managed. This
will benefit present and future RTP companies and employees. The project is also compatible with local
planning objectives.
Louis Stephens Drive Extension
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Document Date: 1/26/2005 1-27
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1 28 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
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2.0 ALTERNATIVES
2.1 No-BUILD ALTERNATIVE
' The No-Build, or "Do Nothing" Alternative assumes that Louis Stephens Drive would not be extended
and Hopson Road would stay on its present alignment. The No-Build Alternative provides for regular
maintenance of the existing transportation routes and systems. Examples of regular maintenance include
' roadway patching and resurfacing, and shoulder and ditch maintenance. The No-Build Alternative would
not convert existing land uses and would have minimal impacts on natural resources. This alternative also
assumes that the area would continue to grow and traffic forecasts would be achieved. The No-Build
' Alternative would place future travel demand on existing roadways and limit access for employers
wanting to locate in southern RTP. Furthermore, it would not fulfill local and state transportation
planning objectives.
2.2 BUILD ALTERNATIVES

0

There are two build alternatives: the Louis Stephens Drive Extension and Hopson Road Realignment
with At-Grade Rail Crossing Alternative and the Louis Stephens Drive Extension and Hopson Road
Realignment with Grade-Separated Rail Crossing Alternative. Both build alternatives would be
constructed along the same alignment and to the same specifications and both alternatives relocate the
existing CSX crossing on South Alston Avenue (see photo below) to Hopson Road. The two alternatives
differ only in their treatment of the railroad crossing. The NCDOT is coordinating with CSX on an
agreement regarding the relocation of the crossing. Section 2.3 describes the characteristics of the
proposed improvements that are constant between the two alternatives. Sections 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 describe
factors that are different as a result the type of rail crossing.
Two trains per day use this corridor at a speed
of 10 mph. Maximum allowable speed along
this segment is 25 mph. South Alston Avenue
is a two-lane road with little traffic (800 vpd).
Hopson Road is a proposed four-lane facility
with a posted speed limit of 45 mph.
Projected 2030 traffic volumes on Hopson
Road are 34,600 vpd. The percentage of truck
traffic is three percent dual-tire vehicles and
two percent TTST.
Construction of the proposed project under
either alternative will occur in two phases.
Construction on the extension of Louis
Stephens Drive is planned for completion in late 2005. This will include construction of the intersection
at Hopson Road, with Hopson Road stubbed-out on the west side of the intersection. Hopson Road will
be extended to NC 55 when the Research Triangle Foundation sells an adjacent parcel. The estimated
completion date for the extension of Hopson Road to NC 55 is late 2006 or early 2007.
2.2.1 LOUIS STEPHENS DRIVE EXTENSION AND HOPSON ROAD
REALIGNMENT WITH AT-GRADE RAILROAD CROSSING
The at-grade railroad crossing alternative relocates the current crossing on South Alston Avenue
approximately 225 feet south to Hopson Road between Louis Stephens Drive and South Alston Avenue.
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005 2-1
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/2/2005
The existing South Alston Avenue crossing is located between two curves in the road and at a curve in
the railroad tracks, diminishing sight distance for trains and vehicles approaching from both directions.
The relocated at-grade crossing would be situated at a straight section of track and along a straight
section of roadway, improving safety. A railroad signal and gates similar to those used at the present
crossing would be used at the new location. The preliminary construction cost estimates prepared by the
NCDOT show that Louis Stephens Drive Extension will cost $4,500,000 and Hopson Road realignment
with an at-grade crossing will cost $2,800,000, for a total construction cost of $7,300,000. Right-of-way
acquisition costs will be $581,000, bringing the total project cost to $7,881,000.
2.2.2 Louis STEPHENS DRIVE EXTENSION AND HOPSON ROAD
REALIGNMENT WITH GRADE-SEPARATED RAILROAD CROSSING
The current at-grade railroad crossing on South Alston Avenue also would be relocated approximately
225 feet south on proposed Hopson Road, however Hopson Road would be elevated over the railroad
track with this alternative. The grade-separated crossing would require additional fill and guard rail. This
would prohibit the proposed new driveway access to the adjacent Mitchell property, the location of
Triangle Environmental Services, a private business. The new driveway access to Triangle Environmental
Services from Hopson Road was included in the design after safety concerns were raised at the citizens
informational workshop regarding truck deliveries to the business. A grade-separated crossing also would
make it difficult to tie the proposed design into South Alston Avenue without impacting a stream
crossing. This cul-de-sac section of South Alston Avenue provides access to the Tyson Hurst property.
Preliminary estimates prepared by the NCDOT show that Louis Stephens Drive Extension will cost
$4,500,000 and Hopson Road realignment with a grade-separated railroad crossing will cost $4,000,000.
With right-of-way acquisition costs of $581,000, the total project cost of this alternative is $9,081,000.
2.3 PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE
2.3.1 TYPE OF IMPROVEMENT
The preferred alternative is the Louis Stephens Drive Extension and Hopson Road Realignment with At-
Grade Rail Crossing Alternative (see Figure 7). This alternative was selected as the preferred alternative
for the following reasons:
¦ Only two trains per day traveling at 10 mph use the rail corridor in the project area, making
conflicts between trains and motor vehicles improbable;
¦ The relocated at-grade crossing will result in improved safety over its present location;
¦ The cost savings associated with this alternatives is $1,200,000; and
¦ Access to adjoining properties will be maintained.
Details of the proposed design are discussed in Sections 2.3.2 through 2.3.10 below.
2.3.2 TYPICAL SECTION
Typical sections for Louis Stephens Drive are shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9. Louis Stephens Drive is
proposed as a four-lane, two-way divided facility with four-foot paved shoulder sections and a 34-foot
raised curb median. Twelve-foot travel lanes are proposed. These improvements will be implemented in
Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/2/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment
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two construction phases, with two lanes paved and two lanes graded until future traffic warrants full
service on the proposed facility. Hopson Road is designated to become a four-lane, two-way facility with
shoulder section and raised curb median. The 12-foot lanes will have four-foot paved shoulders and a
16-foot raised median.
2.3.3 RIGHT-OF-WAY
Louis Stephens Drive will be on a 200-foot right-of-way and Hopson Road will be on a 150-foot right-of-
way. Research Triangle Foundation will convey all right-of-way it owns or controls needed for the
project. The NCDOT will acquire right-of-way not owned by RTF. Total permanent right-of-way
requirements for the overall project are 31.02 acres (see Table 2-1). Permanent drainage easement
requirements for the project total 3.61 acres. The NCDOT provided an estimate for total right-of-way
costs at $581,000. The cost to the NCDOT is $215,000, with RTF contributing $366,000 in right-of-way.
Table 2-1. Temporary and Permanent Requirements for Right-of-Way and Easements.

Permanent

Right-of-Way
(Acres) Permanent'

Drainage
E
Easement
(Acres)
Temporary

Construction

Easement (Acres)
Louis Stephens Drive
RTF Property 21.07 1.79 2.52
Non-RTF Property 1.62 0.24 0.12
Total Louis Stephens Drive 22.69 2.03 2.64
Hopson Road
RTF Property 6.02 1.19 2.33
Non-RTF Property 2.31 0.39 0.06
Total Hopson Road 8.33 1.58 2.39
Project Total 31.02 3.61 5.03
2.3.4 SPEED LIMIT
Louis Stephens Drive and Hopson Road are proposed urban collectors with design speeds of 50 mph.
The anticipated posted speed for both roads is 45 mph.
' 2.3.5 ACCESS CONTROL
The project does not control access from properties adjacent to the proposed facilities. Louis Stephens
Drive and Hopson Road will have raised medians. As RTF sites are developed, drives to these facilities
will be as approved by the NCDOT.
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U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/2/2005
2-9
2.3.6 BIKEWAYS/SIDEWALKS
Louis Stephens Drive and Hopson Road serve commuting traffic for employers in the Research Triangle
Park. No dedicated pedestrian or bicycle facilities will be impacted or are planned as part of the
improvements. NC 54, which runs parallel to Louis Stephens Drive to the east, is part of the North
Carolina Bike Route (US 1). Twelve miles of jogging trails are located throughout RTP, including trails
adjacent to existing Louis Stephens Drive, Development Drive, and Kit Creek Road.
2.3.7 RAILROAD CROSSING
The preferred alternative relocates the at-grade CSX railroad crossing on South Alston Avenue to an at-
grade crossing on Hopson Road approximately 225 feet south of the existing crossing. The realignment
of the crossing will improve safety at the crossing for motorists. Devices used to alert motorists to the
approach of a train and traffic-stopping mechanisms will continue to be used at the crossing in its new
location.
2.3.B INTERSECTION TREATMENT
At its signalized intersection with NC 55, the Hopson Road thru lanes terminate as separate left and right
turn lanes. The South Alston Avenue intersection at Hopson Road will also be realigned. As part of that
realignment, the south and north ends of South Alston Avenue at Hopson Road and Louis Stephens
Drive terminate as a cul-de-sacs. The intersection of Louis Stephens Drive at Hopson Road is stop sign
controlled with an exclusive left turn lane, a thru lane, and a shared thru-right lane for each of the
approaches on both Louis Stephens Drive and Hopson Road. The proposed project does not include a
signal at the intersection of Louis Stephens Drive and Hopson Road at the time of construction;
however, a signal may be added in the future when traffic volumes show that one is warranted.
Development Drive will remain a two-lane, two-way facility that intersects Louis Stephens Drive at a "T"
intersection with a single lane servicing both the right and the left turning movements.
2.3.9 UTILITIES
Duke Power Company provides the electric utilities for the project area. Verizon Communications is the
primary telephone service provider in Durham County. Public water and sewer service to the area is
provided by the City of Durham. Natural gas is provided by Public Service Company of North Carolina
(PSNC).
The Research Triangle Foundation will install new
utilities along the project. Outside of RTF property, the
NCDOT will relocate existing utilities as needed.
Approximately 2,100 feet of water line and 900 feet of
sewer line are expected to be relocated. Duke Power
maintains a 200-foot wide power line easement with
several steel towers carrying high voltage electrical lines
across the northern portion of the project area (see
photo to right). A retaining wall is included in the
project design to retain the utility tower on Hopson
Road. A PSNC natural gas valve is located north of the
power line easement near South Alston Avenue and
NC 55. Electrical power is provided by underground lines located under streets and sidewalks within
Research Triangle Park; however, a pole-mounted transformer is located at Triangle Environmental
Services near the corner of South Alston Avenue and NC 55.
10 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/2/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment

1 2.3.1 O COST ESTIMATE
The NCDOT Design Services Unit prepared preliminary construction estimates for the proposed
' project. The extension of Louis Stephens Drive is expected to cost $4,500,000 and the Hopson Road
realignment and extension is expected to cost $2,800,000. Right-of-way costs will be $581,000, for a total
project cost of $7,881,000.
2.4 ALTERNATIVES NOT ASSESSED IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENT
' 2.4.1 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE
Transportation Systems Management (TSM) alternatives include modest physical and operational
' improvements to improve performance, safety, and management of traffic operations without major
construction. These improvements may include installing or optimizing signals, adding medians or turn
lanes, and other simple measures to improve traffic flow. These alternatives generally have fewer impacts
' on the environment, shorter implementation schedules, and lower costs. The proposed Build alternatives
include TSM components. However, TSM improvements to existing roadways alone would not meet the
purpose and need of the proposed project.
' 2.4.2 MULTI-MODAL ALTERNATIVE
Mass transit alternatives are typically considered for major highway projects in urbanized areas. The
project area, although developing, retains a rural character. Existing public transportation service within
the project vicinity is primarily provided by three public agencies: Triangle Transit Authority (TTA);
Durham Area Transit Authority (DATA), and Capital Area Transit (CAT). Service provided by TTA
routes connect with local buses in Durham, Chapel Hill and Raleigh, as well as buses operated by Duke
' University and North Carolina State University. Commuters traveling by bus, or in the future on TTA
light rail to bus or van-pool connections, could be expected to benefit from improved access and
' alternate travel routes provided by the proposed project.

1

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1

1
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3.0 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL
1 EFFECTS
This chapter describes the possible effects of the proposed project on existing and anticipated future
' characteristics of the project area. The impacts described in this chapter include those related to social
and economic conditions, cultural resources, environmental justice, hazardous materials and underground
storage tanks, air quality, noise, the natural environment, biotic resources, and indirect and cumulative
impacts. Anticipated permitting requirements and mitigation are also discussed. Copies of related agency
correspondence are included in Appendix A. A list of references and technical reports is included in
Appendix B.
3.1 SOCIAL
1 Demographic and economic data are presented in the Purpose and Need, Section 1.7.
' 3.1.1 LAND USE
The project site is located within the Cape Fear River basin, in a subbasin that includes large sections of
the City of Durham and Research Triangle Park. While portions of the subbasin are heavily urbanized,
according to the Cape Fear River Basinavide WlaterQuality Plan (NCDWQ, 2000) more than 78 percent of
' land use is classified as forest/wetland. Figure 10 shows aerial photography for the project area.
The majority of the project site is within Durham County. A small part of the southern end of the site is
in Wake County. The project is predominantly within RTP, which is a public/private planned research
park that encompasses 7,000 acres in Durham and Wake Counties. RTP houses more than 100 research
and development companies, which employ over 38,500 area residents. There are currently approximately
1,100 acres in RTP still available for development. The Southern Portion Conceptual Development Plan for RTP
includes the proposed project as a means to access developable sites and improve connectivity in the
project area.
1

1

The Wlake County Land Use Plan (2003) classifies the area surrounding the project as a "multi-county
regional activity center." This classification consists of land uses that are considered a primary job base
for metropolitan areas and that are major commercial centers. It is accessed by major thoroughfares and
public transportation and is served by municipal water and sewer. A "multi-county regional activity
center" has a core that contains large-scale and high-intensity urban land uses that are supported by and
serve communities within more than one county.
The majority of the Durham County portion of the project area is classified by the Durham City-County
Planning Department's Triangle Township Plan (1993) as "undeveloped." Other classifications include
"industrial," "institutional," "floodplain," and "bodies of water." The Triangle Township Plan notes the
major zoning district within the project area as "research applications." This district is intended to
provide sites for research facilities and related manufacturing, business, and science activities. Other
zoning districts within the project area include "neighborhood commercial," "research park," and "rural
district." According to the Durham Comprehensive Plan (2003), "industrial" and "research" zoning accounts
for approximately nine percent of county zoning. The majority of the county is zoned as "rural."
Most of the land along the project corridor is owned by Research Triangle Foundation. Some portions
have been developed for commercial use but most of the area is yet to be developed (see Figure 7). The
Durham County Wildlife Club owns a large tract of land east of Louis Stephens Drive, south of the Duke
Power Company easement. The Environmental Protection Agency owns property north of Hopson
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Road, and there are a few other smaller properties owned by various individuals or companies. There is
limited single-family and multi-family residential development within one mile of the project area.
3.1.2 NEIGHBORHOOD AND COMMUNITY SERVICES
In general, community services and facilities include emergency services such as fire, police and EMS,
community centers, schools and universities, libraries, senior centers, hospitals, prisons, and places of
worship. There are no community facilities within the project area. Services are provided by either Wake
or Durham County.
In Wake County, Cary EMS serves the project area. The project is within the Morrisville Rural Fire
Insurance District. Fire protection services are provided by Wake County Fire/Rescue, a division of the
Wake County Public Safety Department.
The Durham County portion of the project is served by Durham County Emergency Medical Services
Department, which is the primary provider of emergency ambulance service in the county. Fire
protection is provided by Durham County, which employs twenty full-time firefighters who partner with
volunteers to provide services.
The Wake County portion of the project is located in School Board District 7 of the Wake County Public
School System. The Durham County portion of the project is within School Board District 1 of Durham
County Public Schools.
3.1.3 SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
LAMO USE IMPACTS
The extension of Louis Stephens Drive and Hopson Road realignment will convert approximately 35
acres of mostly undeveloped land into road and road right-of-way. This land use conversion is
compatible with zoning in the project area and vicinity. Use of the developable sites adjacent to the
proposed project by future employers locating their facilities in RTP is expected. The project will remove
approximately 0.07 acres of existing pavement.
EMPLOYMENT
Improving access and system connectivity will make sites available for development in RTP more
attractive to potential employers. It is characteristic of research and development facilities to employ a
large number of people.
RELOCATIONS
No relocations of homes or businesses will be necessary because of this project. The project will relocate
the driveway access to Triangle Environmental Services from South Alston Avenue to Hopson Road to
improve safety of truck deliveries coming from NC 55. Innovation Drive, which provides access to the
Durham County lildlife Club and JMC High Tech Metals, Inc., will close. Innovation Drive is located in
the curve of existing Hopson Road, a section of roadway that will be removed under the proposed
project. The proposed project relocates access to the Durham County Wildlife Club to northbound Louis
Stephens Drive. Access to JMC High Tech Metals, Inc. will be from southbound Louis Stephens Drive.
3-2 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment

' NE/GHBORH000 COHEB/DN
There will be no impacts related to neighborhood cohesion resulting from the proposed project. The
' proposed project will not cut off any neighborhoods. A section of South Alston Avenue will close
because of the project; however, access to properties on the road will be maintained via the cul-de-sacs or
new drive access on Hopson Road or Louis Stephens Drive.
TRAVEL PATTERNS AND ACCESSIBILITY
' The proposed project will improve accessibility to, and in, southern RTP. Current employees of RTP
businesses and residents in the vicinity should benefit from the improved accessibility. Existing travel
patterns may change as the project will provide motorists commuting to RTP businesses with an
alternative route.
' UTILITIES
The Research Triangle Foundation will install new utilities along the project. Outside of RTF property,
the NCDOT will relocate existing utilities as needed. Approximately 2,100 feet of water line and 900 feet
of sewer line are expected to be relocated as a result of the project. Duke Power maintains a 200-foot
' wide power line easement with several steel towers carrying high voltage electrical lines across the
northern portion of the site.
PEDESTR/ALAS AND BIKES
No pedestrian or bicycle facilities will be impacted or are planned as part of the improvements. NC 54,
which runs parallel to Louis Stephens Drive to the east, is part of the North Carolina Bike Route (US 1).
' SERVICES
The proposed project will not have an adverse impact to services such as fire protection, emergency
medical, police, or schools. These services should benefit from the increased access that the project will
provide. There are no community facilities located in the project area.
3.2 CULTURAL RESOURCES
comments received from the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, State Historic
Sco
in
g
p
Preservation Office in a letter dated December 11, 2002, indicate that no historic architectural or
archaeological resources are located at or near the project site (see Appendix A).

3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
' The purpose of federal Executive Order 12898, issued in 1994, is to identify, address, and avoid
disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority and/or low-
income populations.
L The Department of Transportation Order 5610.2 (1991) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
Order 6640.23 define Adverse Effects, in part, as the totality of significant individual or cumulative
human health or environmental effects, including interrelated social and economic effects, which may
include, but are not limited to: bodily impairment, infirmity, illness or death; air, noise, and water
pollution and soil contamination; destruction or disruption of man-made or natural resources; destruction
or diminution of aesthetic values; destruction or disruption of community cohesion or a community's

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3-5
economic vitality; destruction or disruption of the availability of public and private services; vibration;
adverse employment effects; displacement of persons, businesses, farms, or nonprofit organizations;
increased traffic congestion; isolation; exclusion or separation of minority or low-income individuals
within a given community or from the broader community; and the denial of, reduction in, or significant
delay in the receipt of benefits of FHWA programs, policies, or activities."
These Orders also define disproportionately high and adverse effect on minority and low-income
populations as an adverse effect that:
1. Is predominantly borne by a minority population and/or a low-income population; or
2. Will be suffered by the minority population and/or low-income population and is appreciably
more severe or greater in magnitude than the adverse effect that will be suffered by the non-
minority population and/or non low-income population.
The proposed project would not specifically benefit, harm, or disproportionately affect any social group.
The project is expected to enhance the community's overall economic vitality and employment. Access to
the broader community, as well as to public and private facilities and services, would remain unchanged
by the project.
3.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment was performed on this property to be consistent with good
commercial and customary practice as defined in ASTM E-1527-00 and E-1528-00. The goal of this
practice is to identify, to the extent practicable, recognized environmental conditions associated with the
project site. No storage tanks, asbestos containing materials, or potential hazardous wastes were observed
at the site during the field visits. No hazardous materials were observed immediately upgradient of the
site. One local public water supply well is located topographically downstream and downgradient of the
project. The Phase I report concludes that no additional site investigations are necessary (Mulkey, 2003).
3.5 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
3.5.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
The project site encompasses an area near the boundary of Durham and Wake Counties, near the
Chatham County boundary. Durham County is situated in the north-central part of the state in the
Piedmont physiographic province. The geography of Durham County consists predominantly of rolling
hills, with steep areas following major streams. Narrow, nearly level floodplains exist along most of the
streams. Wake County is situated in the east-central part of the state, which is also in the Piedmont
physiographic province. The northern and western portions of the county are characterized by rolling to
hilly topography, with steep slopes along the major drainageways.
Elevations in the project area range from approximately 280 feet above mean sea level (msl) along Long
Branch to approximately 350 feet at the northeastern perimeter of the project area, as depicted on the
Green Level and Southwest Durham, North Carolina, USGS topographic quadrangle maps (see Figure
11). The geology underlying the area is part of the Chatham Group in the Triassic Basin and consists of
sandstone and mudstone with thin interbeds of chert and impure limestone (NCDLR 1985). The soil
systems in this area developed from the shales, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones, and conglomerates that
make up the Triassic Basin soil region (NCSU, 1999).
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'
3.5.2 FLOODPLAINS
The project site is located within flood hazard zones A and X, as defined by the National Flood
' Insurance Program of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The zone designations within the
project area are shown on Flood Insurance Rate Map panels 37063CO169G and 37063CO257 for Durham
County, effective February 2, 1996. Zone A is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the 100-
year floodplains that are determined in the Flood Insurance Study by approximate methods. Because
detailed hydraulic analyses are not performed for such areas, no Base Flood Elevations (BFE) or depths
are shown within this zone. Zone X is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to areas outside the
100-year floodplains, areas of 100-year sheet flow flooding where average depths are less than one foot,
' areas of 100-year stream flooding where the contributing drainage area is less than one square mile, or
areas protected from the 100-year flood by levees. No BFEs or depths are shown within this zone
' (FEMA, 2002).
3.5.3 SOILS
' The process of soil development depends on both biotic and abiotic influences. These influences include
past geologic activities, nature of parent materials, environmental and human influences, plant and animal
activity, time, climate, and topographical position. Soil associations are defined as landscapes that exhibit
' distinctive proportional patterns of soils consisting of one or more major soils and at least one minor soil.
The soils within an association generally vary in slope, depth, stoniness, drainage, and other
characteristics (Kirby, 1971). The White Store-Creedmoor soil association occurs across the majority of
the project area (see Figure 12). The Chewacla-Wehadkee-Congaree soil association occurs to the
' northwest side of the project area along NC 55.
The White Store-Creedmoor association is comprised of soils formed from shale and sandstone Triassic
' material. They are found on fairly broad, gently sloping ridges and rolling to strongly sloping side slopes.
White Store soils make up about 65 percent of the map unit. They are moderately well-drained and have
a sandy loam surface layer underlain by firm clay loam and very firm clay. Creedmoor soils make up from
ten percent of the map unit and are moderately well-drained. The surface layer is sandy loam, with a
sandy clay loam subsoil and a firm, very firm, or silty clay bottom layer. The remaining 25 percent of this
association is made up of Mayodan, Pinkston, and Iredell soils (Kirby, 1971).

The Chewacla-Wehadkee-Congaree association is comprised of soils formed in alluvial materials. They
are found on nearly level floodplains along streams and rivers. Chewacla soils make up 45 percent of the
map unit, and are somewhat poorly drained. The surface layer is a silt loam underlain by mottled silt loam
' and silty clay loams. Wehadkee soils comprise 30 percent of the soil unit and are found farthest from the
stream channels on the lowest parts of the landscape. These soils are poorly drained and have a silt loam
surface layer underlain by a silty clay loam and mottled clay loam. The remaining portion of this
association, or about ten percent, is made up of Cartecay, Roanoke, and Altavista soils (Kirby, 1971).
The Cartecay and Chewacla (Cc) soil unit in Durham County is about 60 percent Cartecay soil and 30
' percent Chewacla soil. They are somewhat poorly drained soils found on flood plains as narrow bands
adjacent to small streams. The Cartecay portion has a silt loam layer underlain by a friable loam with a
loamy sand and sandy loam bottom layer (Kirby 1971). The Chewacla (Cm) portion has a silt loam
surface layer with a silt loam subsoil and silty clay loam bottom layer (Kirby, 1971). In Wake County,
' Chewacla soils are nearly level, somewhat poorly drained soils found on flood plains. They are formed
from alluvial deposition associated with stream flooding. Water infiltration is good but surface runoff is
slow due to the level topography where these soils occur. Surface layers are sandy loams to silt loams,
' with mottled sandy loam, silt loam, or clay subsurface layers (Cawthorne, 1970).
Mantachie (Me) soils are nearly level or gently sloping, deep and somewhat poorly drained soils found in
' Piedmont depressions. They formed in coarse loamy deposits from alluvium washed from surrounding
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' U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005
upland soils. Permeability is moderate to moderately rapid, with good infiltration and slow to moderate
surface runoff. These soils are frequently flooded for short periods of time. Surface layers are sandy loam
to silt loam, with mottled subsurface layers ranging from sandy loam to loam (Cawthorne, 1970).
White Store (Ws) soils are found on gently sloping to moderately steep slopes and are moderately well
drained. These soils formed under forest vegetation in materials weathered from Triassic mudstone. They
have a surface layer of sandy loam with a very firm clayey subsoil. This firm clay layer makes permeability
very slow and infiltration moderate (Kirby, 1971).
Worsham (Wy) soils are found on nearly level and gently sloping uplands in the Piedmont. They are
poorly drained and have a seasonal high water table at the surface. Worsham soils were formed in forests
from alluvial and colluvial materials deposited from the surrounding area. Permeability is moderately
slow. The surface layer is a sandy loam with a subsurface of firm silty clay loam or sandy clay (Cawthorne,
1970).
Hydric soils are defined as soils that are saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing
season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation
(Cowardin et al. 1979). A growing season is the portion of a year when the soil temperature measured 20
inches below the soil surface is above 41 degrees Fahrenheit (Environmental Laboratory, 1987). Based on
data available from the NRCS National Weather and Climate Center stations identified as Durham
NC2515 and Raleigh Durham WSFP AP NC7069, the growing season for Durham and Wake Counties
generally occurs between early April and late October (MRCS, 1999).
Soils referred to as "hydric A" are completely hydric throughout the mapped soil unit. "Hydric B" soils
are non-hydric soils that contain inclusions of hydric soils, usually in depressional areas or along the
border with other soil units. Based on the Durham County soil survey (1971), one hydric B soil map unit
occurs in the project area: Cartecay and Chewacla soils (Cc). The Wake County soil survey (1970) shows
that two hydric B soil map units occur in the project area: Chewacla soils (Cm) and Mantachie soils (Me).
3-8 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment
fit 10
o sc b r ?? fly A
• EiTERE2'-.d13_#A KE= _ _ 1 f • ``"? 4?/?
0
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PROJECT TOPOGRAPHY
NCDOT TIP NO. U-441 OD Figure No.
The Proposed Extension Of Louis Stephens Drive
Durham/ Wake County, North Carolina
1:24,000
Feet 11
0 750 1,500 3,000 4,500 6,000
USGS 7.5- Minute Topographic Quadrangles:Cary, Green Level,
SE Durham, & SW Durham Contour Interval 10 Feet

Map not to Scale
AOW
Data Source: Soil Survey of Durham County, 1971
Soil Survey of Wake County, 1970
SOIL MAP UNITS
NCDOT TIP NO. U-441 OD
The Proposed Extension
Of Louis Stephens Drive
Durham/ Wake Counties, North Carolina
Figure No.
12
Durham and Wake County Soil Survey Map Units LEGEND
Cc - Cartecay and Chewacla soils WsB - White Store sandy loam, 2 to 6 % slopes Roads
CrB - Creedmoor sandy loam, 2 to 6 % slopes WsC - White Store sandy loam, 6 to 10 % slopes Project Corridor
CrC - Creedmoor sandy loam, 6 to 10 % slopes WsE - White Store sandy loam, 10 to 25 % slopes (Approximate Location)
Me - Mantachie soils

L

3.5.4 FARMLAND
The project study area includes soils map units that are considered prime farmland or farmland of
statewide importance. Such soils are defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Natural Resource Conservation Service (MRCS) (USDA, 1998) based on high crop yield with a minimum
input of energy and economic resources. However, the State of North Carolina Executive Order 96,
Conversion of Prime Agricultural and Forest Lands, does not consider land previously converted to, or
committed to, a non-agricultural use to be prime farmland, regardless of soil type. The project is located
within the Research Triangle Park, an area planned for research and development facilities. Therefore,
further consideration of farmland impacts is not required.
3.5.5 WATER RESOURCES
The project area is near the boundary of the Cape Fear and the Neuse River Basins. Streams, creeks, and
tributaries within the project vicinity are completely within the Cape Fear River Basin, the largest river
basin in the state. The basin flows southeast from the north central Piedmont region near Greensboro to
the Atlantic Ocean near Wilmington. The confluence of the Haw River and Deep River, which occurs
below the B. Everett Jordan Reservoir dam, forms the Cape Fear River, near the Chatham and Lee
County boundaries (NCDWQ, 2000). Long Branch, which is a tributary to Kit Creek, is located within
the project study area and flows in a southerly direction. Kit Creek flows in a westerly direction into
Northeast Creek, which is a large stream draining into Jordan Lake. An unnamed tributary (UT) to
Northeast Creek is located adjacent to the project study area along Hopson Road near the South Alston
Avenue intersection.
Long Branch is located within Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-05, which includes New Hope Creek,
Northeast Creek and Jordan Reservoir. The DWQ stream index number for Long Branch is 16-41-1-2
and the USGS 8-digit hydrologic unit is 03030002. The Northeast Creek UT is also located within this
subbasin and hydrologic unit.
' The NCDWQ classifies surface waters of the state based on their intended best uses. Long Branch and
several intermittent and ephemeral tributaries account for the surface waters in the project area and are
Class "C-NSW' waters. The class "C" designation denotes freshwaters protected for secondary
recreation, fishing, wildlife, fish and aquatic life propagation and survival, and others uses. Long Branch is
also considered Nutrient Sensitive Waters (NSW). This is a supplemental surface water classification
intended for waters needing additional nutrient management due to their being subject to excessive
growth of microscopic or macroscopic vegetation. Waters in the project vicinity that are classified as
' NSW include the watershed of B. Everett Jordan Reservoir (NCDWQ, 2000). No Outstanding Resource
Waters (OR)X) or High Quality Waters (HQW) occur in the project area.
Streams which have not been assigned a best usage classification or rating generally carry the same
classification or rating as the receiving waters. The Northeast Creek UT has not been assigned a use
classification by the NCDWQ. Northeast Creek is classified as "WS-IV NSW" waters at the confluence
of the UT located adjacent to the project corridor. The WS-IV designation denotes waters used as
sources of potable water where a WS-I, II or III classification is not feasible. These waters are also
protected for Class C uses. WS-IV waters are generally in moderately to highly developed watersheds and
involve no categorical restrictions on discharges. The NSW designation is a supplemental surface water
classification intended for waters needing additional nutrient management due to their being subject to
excessive growth of microscopic or macroscopic vegetation.
The North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC) provides a working definition for perennial,
intermittent, and ephemeral streams (NCAC, 1999). Perennial streams have water flowing for the
majority of the year (greater than 90 percent of the time) in a well-defined channel. Intermittent streams
have flowing water only during vet parts of the year, typically during winter and spring. The flow occurs
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in a well-defined channel that often lacks the biological and hydrological characteristics commonly
associated with perennial streams. Ephemeral streams, also known as stormwater channels, only have
flowing water for short periods during and after precipitation. Flow usually occurs in low areas that may
or may not have a well-defined channel.
Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) requires states to develop a list of waters not meeting
water quality standards or which have impaired uses. Waters may be excluded from the list if existing
control strategies for point and nonpoint source pollution will achieve the standards or uses (NCDWQ,
2002). North Carolina's 303(d) report is a comprehensive public accounting of all impaired waterbodies
in the state. Northeast Creek, from NC 55 to a point 0.5 miles downstream of Panther Creek in Durham
County, is the only surface water near the project area currently listed in the 303(d) report. This portion
of Northeast Creek is located approximately one mile downstream from the project site. The NCDWQ
has indicated this rating is due to fecal coliform.
The Ambient Monitoring System (AMS) is a network of stream, lake, and estuarine water-quality
monitoring stations strategically located for the collection of physical and chemical water-quality data.
The type of water-quality data or parameters collected is determined by the waterbody's classification and
corresponding water quality standards. The AMS determines the "use support" status of waterbodies,
meaning how well a waterbody supports its designated uses. There are no AMS monitoring stations along
Long Branch or Kit Creek. Long Branch is currently not rated (NR) for use support due to insufficient
data. Waters that are not rated generally carry the same use support rating as the receiving waters. The
nearest stream with a use support rating is Northeast Creek, located approximately four miles
downstream of the project site, and has a "partially supporting" (PS) rating.
The nearest benthic macroinvertebrate sampling site to the project area is located approximately two
miles downstream on Northeast Creek at Foxcroft Lane (SR 1102). This site was last sampled in 1998,
but was not given a bioclassification rating due to the winter sampling period (NCDWQ, 2000). The
North Carolina Index of Biotic Integrity (NCIBI) is used to assess the biological integrity of streams by
examining the structure and health of the fish community. The index incorporates information about
species richness and composition, trophic composition, fish abundance and fish condition. The NCIBI
has been revised since the 1996 Cape Fear River basinwide monitoring was conducted. No NCIBI
ratings are currently available for the project area.
Point source dischargers throughout North Carolina are regulated through the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. Dischargers are required by law to register for a
permit. According to NCDWQ (2000), there are eleven permitted NPDES dischargers within the 03-06-
05 subbasin; only two have discharges greater than 1.0 million gallons per day. These facilities discharge
to Northeast Creek (Durham County Triangle WWTP) and New Hope Creek (South Durham Water
Reclamation Facility). There are no permitted dischargers on Long Branch.
The primary sources of water quality degradation in urban areas are non-point sources of discharge,
which include surface water runoff and construction activities. Short-term impacts to water quality from
construction-related activities include increased sedimentation and turbidity. Long-term construction
related impacts to water resources include substrate destabilization, bank erosion, increased turbidity,
altered flow rates, and possible temperature fluctuations within the channel due to removal of streamside
vegetation.
3.6 BIOTIC RESOURCES
This section describes the existing vegetation and associated wildlife that occur within the project area.
The project area is composed of different vegetative communities based on topography, soils, hydrology,
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and disturbance. These systems are interrelated and in many aspects interdependent. Potential impacts
affecting these communities are also discussed.
Dominant plant species were identified in each strata for all natural communities encountered. Plant
community descriptions are based on those classified in Schafale and Weakley (1990), where applicable.
Names and descriptions of plant species generally follow Radford et al. (1968), unless more current
information is available.
Animal names and descriptions follow Conant and Collins (1998), Lee et al. (1980 et seq.), Martof et al.
(1980), Stokes (1996), and Webster et al. (1985). Scientific names and common names (when applicable)
are provided for each plant and animal species listed. Subsequent references to the same organism
include the common name only.
Jurisdictional wetland determinations were performed using the three-parameter approach as prescribed
in the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory, 1987).
Supplementary technical literature describing the parameters of hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and
hydrological indicators were also utilized. Wetland functions were evaluated according to the NCDWQ's
rating system, 4th version (1995b). Surface waters in the project area were evaluated and classified based
on a preponderance of perennial stream characteristics as defined in NCDWQ's Stream Classification
Method, 2nd version (1999).
3.153.1 TERRESTRIAL COMMUNITIES
Three plant communities were observed in the project study area: alluvial forest, mixed hardwood forest,
and man-dominated (maintained utility easement).
The alluvial forest community is situated along the banks and immediately adjacent floodplain of Long
Branch and a perennial unnamed tributary. It is best classified as a variation of Schafale and Weakley's
(1990) Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest type. This community type occurs along river and
stream floodplains in the Piedmont and lower elevation mountain valleys with small, indistinguishable
fluvial landforms and vegetation zones. This forest in the project area has an open to dense understory or
shrub layer and a diverse herb layer. Dominant species observed in the canopy and understory layers
included green ash (Fraxinus Penn ylvanica), red maple (Acer rubrum), sweetgum, and tulip poplar. Shrubs
and vines included silky dogwood (Cornus ammomum), sweetgum, red maple, black willow (Salix nigra),
greenbriar (Smilax rotundifolia), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and poison ivy (Toxicodendron
radicans). The herbaceous community was very diverse, with dominant species including goldenrod
(Solidago spp.), Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), rushes (Juncos coriaceus and effusus), velvet grass
(Dichanthelium scoparium), and creeping grass (Microstegium vimineum).
The mixed hardwood forest is the dominant community in the project area and is generally located
upslope of the alluvial forest. This community appears to be a variation of the Mesic Mixed Hardwood
Forest (Piedmont Subtype) identified by Schafale and Weakley (1990). These occur on acidic soils in
lower slopes, steep north-facing slopes, ravines, and occasionally well-drained small stream bottoms.
Under natural conditions they are uneven-aged, with old trees present. Reproduction occurs mainly in
canopy gaps, with disturbed areas having increased amounts of pines and weedy hardwoods such as tulip
poplar and sweetgum (Schafale and Weakley, 1990). In the project area, dominant canopy and subcanopy
species include tulip poplar, post oak (Quercus stellata), white oak (Q. alba), American beech (Fagus
grandifolia), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), sweetgum, and loblolly pine. In areas that may have been
previously clearcut or affected by extensive wind-throw damage from storms, loblolly pine is the
dominant overstory tree and hardwood species provide the understory and shrub layer. Shrubs and vines
included flowering dogwood (C. florida), winterberry (Ilex verticillata), possum haw (I. decidua), arrow-wood
(Viburnum dentatum), highbush blueberry (Vacdnium corymbosum), lowbush blueberry (V.vaczllans),
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strawberry bush (Euonymus americana), blackberry (Rebus sp), greenbriar, and Japanese honeysuckle. The
herbaceous vegetation consisted primarily of creeping grass, partridge berry (Mitchella repens), mock
strawberry (Duchesnea indica), wild ginger (Hexastylis sp.), wild grape (Vitis rotundifolia.), and cranefly orchid
(Tipularia discolor).
The man-dominated community is a maintained area that includes the Duke Power transmission line
easement. Man-dominated communities represent areas that are periodically maintained by human
influences, such as roadside and power line rights-of-way, regularly mowed lawns, and open areas. Two
rows of towers carrying high-voltage power lines traverse the 200-foot wide easement in an east-west
direction in the northern-most part of the project area. This area is dominated by herbaceous vegetation
such as multiflora rose (Rosa multiora), blackberry, foxtail grass (Setaria sp.), goldenrod, rushes (Carex
spp.), velvet grass, asters (Asteraceae), and rice grass (Leersia sp.). However, the easement area also had
many dead stems of sweetgum, loblolly pine, post oak, and black willow that appeared to have been
treated with an herbicide by the utility company.
WETLANDS
ee - wetlands were delineated in February 2003 and presented in the Natural Resource
Technical Report for the proposed project (Mulkey, 2004b). These three communities can be classified as
a variation of Schafale and Weakley's (1990) Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest wetlands. These
wetland types occur along river and stream floodplains in which the vegetation zones and fluvial
landforms are too small to distinguish. These communities can also be classified as palustrine forested
(PFO) wetlands as described by the Cowardin (et al., 1979) classification system. A jurisdictional
verification meeting was conducted on February 11, 2004 with the US Army Corps of Engineers
3.6.2 WILDLIFE
During field surveys, wildlife identification involved a variety of observation techniques: active searching
and capture, visual observations (both with and without the use of binoculars), and observing the
characteristic signs of wildlife (sounds, scats, tracks, and burrows). If organisms were captured during
these searches, they were identified and released without injury.
The forest and man-dominated communities offer a low diversity of foraging, nesting, and cover habitat
for many species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Species that may be associated with these
types of communities are described below. An asterisk (*) indicates the species that were directly
observed or for which evidence was noted during field reconnaissance.
The project area likely has a limited amphibian population which may include salamanders and frogs.
Salamanders forage on insects, both aquatic and terrestrial, crustaceans, worms, and other organisms in
forest floodplains and vernal pools. Salamanders can be found in a variety of habitats, although most are
associated with small streams and seepages. They can also be found along streams where stones, large
branches and other wood debris offer shelter for both the salamander and their food. They are active
mostly at night, but can be found by overturning logs and stones in wet areas along the stream banks.
Spring peepers (Hyla crucifer) and pickerel frogs (Rana palustris) may also be present. Spring peepers mainly
inhabit woodlands, while pickerel frogs are found along shaded streams and wet areas. Frogs were heard
near wet areas found in the power line easement.
Reptile species associated with the project area may include snakes such as the rough green snake
(Opheodrys aestivus), eastern milk snake (L.ampropeltis triangulum trian,gulum), and mole kingsnake (L calligaster
rhombomaculata) which inhabit fields, woodlands, river bottoms, and stream edges of the Piedmont and
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lower mountains in North Carolina. Rough green snakes forage on spiders, moth and butterfly larvae,
crickets, and grasshoppers and will often forage among vines or shrubs along stream banks. The eastern
milk snake forages for rodents in fields and woodlands and will frequently enter barns in search of food.
The mole kingsnake will eat lizards, rodents, and turtle eggs and is considered an accomplished burrower
in thickets, woodlands, and cultivated fields. No reptiles were observed during the site visit.
' Many bird species may inhabit or migrate through the project area. Inhabitants may include red-bellied
woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus), downy woodpecker (P. pubescens),
blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Carolina chickadee* (Parus carolinensis), tufted titmouse* (P. bicolo?, white-
breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), American rob** (Turdus migratorius), northern cardinal* (Cardinalis
cardinalis), northern mockingbird* (Mimus polyglottos), house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), Carolina wren*
(Thryothorus ludovieianus), dark-eyed junco* (Junco hyemalis), American goldfinch* (Carduelis tristis), and
' brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater). Predatory species may include red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis),
eastern screech owl (Otus asio), and barred owl (Strix varia).
' A wide variety of mammals are expected to inhabit the project area and surrounding landscape. Virginia
opossum (Didelphis virginiana), woodchuck (Marmota monax), gray squirrel* (Sciurus carolinensis), eastern
harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys humulis), raccoon (Procyon lotor), eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius),
and white-tailed deer* (Odocoileus virginianus) are species mostly likely to be found. In addition, bats such as
the little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus), Eastern red (L.asiurus borealis), and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus)
may also be present in the project study area.
ANT/C/PATEO 1mPAC7-S TO Sic, C COMMLJNIT/ES
Impacts to terrestrial biotic communities are estimated based on preliminary conceptual designs and are
summarized below in Table 3-1. These impacts consist of approximately 3.1 acres of alluvial forest; 60.2
acres of mixed hardwood forest; and 12.5 acres of man-dominated (maintained utility easement) areas.
The proposed construction will temporarily impact approximately 75.8 acres based on a 400-foot wide
' study corridor along Louis Stephens Drive and a 300-foot wide study corridor along the Hopson Road
realignment. Permanent impacts are expected to be less depending on final roadway design.

Table 3-1. Estimated Impacts by Biotic Community Type

t

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Community Descriptions Estimated Impacts (Acres)
Alluvial Forest 3.1
Mixed Hardwood Forest 60.21
Man-Dominated Areas 12.5
1 The mixed hardwood forest impacts include one area dominated by loblolly
pine, which may be associated with construction of the power line easement.
This pine stand is located between Hopson Road and the power line right-of-
way in a narrow strip covering less than five acres.
Temporary fluctuation in populations of animal species which utilize terrestrial areas is anticipated during
the course of construction. Slow-moving, burrowing, and subterranean organisms will be directly
impacted by construction activities, while mobile organisms will be displaced to adjacent communities.
Competitive forces in the adapted communities will result in a redefinition of population equilibria.
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Habitat fragmentation may also occur when an ecosystem is disturbed and can lead to creation of smaller
or isolated biotic communities.
The removal of stream-side vegetation and placement of fill material during construction contributes to
erosion and possible sedimentation. Quick revegetation of these areas helps to reduce the impacts by
supporting the underlying soils. Erosion and sedimentation may carry soils, toxic compounds, trash, and
other materials into the aquatic communities at the construction site. As a result, sand bars may be
formed both at the site and downstream. Increased light penetration from the removal of stream side
vegetation may increase water temperatures. Warmer water contains less oxygen, thus reducing aquatic
life that depends on high oxygen concentrations.
Aquatic organisms are very sensitive to the discharges and inputs resulting from construction. Impacts
usually associated with in-stream construction include increased channelization and scouring of the
streambed. In-stream construction alters the substrate and impacts adjacent stream-side vegetation. Such
disturbances within the substrate lead to increased siltation, which can clog the gills and feeding
mechanisms of benthic organisms, fish, and amphibian species. Siltation may also cover benthos with
excessive amounts of sediments that inhibit their ability to obtain oxygen. These organisms are slow to
recover and usually do not, once the stream has been severely impacted.
3.6.3 AQUATIC COMMUNITIES
The aquatic habitat in the Long Branch drainage area is expected to be minimal based on the observed
fluvial geomorphological conditions and the water quality at the time of the field visit. Long Branch is a
perennial stream that flows in a southerly direction towards Kit Creek. Several ephemeral/intermittent
drainages, as well as one perennial unnamed tributary, flow into Long Branch within the project vicinity.
Bankfull width of the stream is about eight feet and bank heights average three feet. The stream flows
over a large bedrock outcrop within the project corridor. This natural rock structure appears to be
providing adequate grade control for the upstream segment of Long Branch. However, downstream areas
appear to be incising due to bank erosion. A visual survey of the stream found several larva of
macroinvertebrate species that included stoneflies (Plecoptera order), caddisflies (Tricoptera order), and
beetles (Coleoptera order). Small fish, most likely mosquito fish (Gambusia spp.) were observed in a pool
below the bedrock feature. An ephemeral channel drains into Long Branch on the northwest side of the
exposed bedrock.
The perennial unnamed tributary to Long Branch was incised, with unstable banks exhibiting erosion and
bank slumping. Bankfull widths average six feet and bank heights average three feet. The unnamed
tributary is located in a narrow bottomland that is wooded to the stream edge and shaded by overhanging
tree branches. The water was clear to slightly stained and water flow was slow. Sediment from
construction-related erosion and runoff made up the visible substrate of silt, clay, and sand. No flora or
fauna were observed in the stream channel.
An ephemeral/intermittent hillside seep was observed on the southeast side of Long Branch within the
project boundaries. It is located approximately 30 feet from the top of the stream bank and has an
indistinct channel about eight inches wide. Clear, slow flowing water was observed draining toward Long
Branch and converging below the bedrock feature.
ANT/C/pATED IMPACTS TO AivuAT/C COMMON/TIES
Project construction for road widening or new roadway alignment will impact soils and topography
within the project area. The primary sources of water quality degradation in developed and urban areas
are non-point sources of discharge, which include surface water runoff and construction activities. Short-
term impacts to water quality from construction-related activities include loss of aesthetic values,
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increased sedimentation, and turbidity. Long-term construction-related impacts to water resources
include substrate destabilization, bank erosion, increased turbidity, altered flow rates, and possible
temperature fluctuations within the channel resulting from removal of streamside vegetation. Precautions
should be taken to minimize impacts to water resources from runoff and erosion in the project area.
Aquatic communities are acutely sensitive to changes in their environment. Impacts from construction
activities may result in long-term or irreversible effects. Appropriate measures must be taken to avoid
spillage and to control runoff. Such measures should include an erosion and sedimentation control plan,
provisions for waste materials and storage, stormwater management measures, and appropriate road
maintenance measures. NCDOT's Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters (BMPs - PSW)
and sedimentation control guidelines should be strictly enforced during the construction stages of the
project. Long-term impacts to water resources may include permanent changes to the stream banks and
temperature increases caused by the removal of stream-side vegetation.
3.6.4 FEDERALLY-FROTECTED SPECIES
Some populations of fauna and flora have been or are in the process of decline due to either natural
forces or their inability to coexist with humans. Federal law, under the provisions of Section 7 of the
Endangered Species Act [ESA] of 1973, as amended, requires that any action likely to adversely affect a
species classified as federally-protected be subject to review by the USFWS. Prohibited actions which
may affect any species protected under the ESA are outlined in Section 9 of the Act. Species which are
listed or proposed for listing as endangered or threatened are recorded in Section 4 of the ESA. As
defined by the ESA, an endangered species is any plant or animal which is in danger of extinction
throughout all or a significant portion of its range within the foreseeable future. A threatened species is
any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all
or a significant portion of its range.
Table 3-2 lists the federally-protected species for Durham and Wake Counties as of the USFWS February
22, 2003 Durham County list and the February 25, 2003 Wake County list. Species descriptions and
biological conclusions follow.
Natural Heritage Program maps were reviewed on November 19, 2002 and October 30, 2003 to
i determine if any protected species were identified near the project area. This map review confirmed that
no protected species were previously recorded within a two-mile radius of the project site.
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Table 3-2. Federally Protected Species in Durham and Wake Counties.
Common Name Scientific Name County Status
Bald eagle Hah. eetus leucocephalus Durham, Wake Threatened (Proposed for
delistin )
Michaux's sumac Blius michaumi Durham, Wake Endangered
Smooth coneflower Ecbinacea laeui ata Durham Endangered
Red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis Wake Endangered
Dwarf wedge mussel Alasmidonta heterodon Wake Endangered
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Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis)
Federal Status: Endangered
State Status: Endangered
This bird is a small, seven to eight-inch tall woodpecker with a black and white barred back, conspicuous
large white cheek surrounded by a black cap, nape, and throat. Males have a very small red mark at the
upper edge of the white cheek and just behind the eye. The red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW) is found in
open pine forests in the southeastern United States. The RCW uses open old growth stands of southern
pines, particularly longleaf pine, for foraging and nesting habitat. A forested stand optimally should
contain at least 50 percent pine and lack a thick understory. The RCW is unique among woodpeckers
because it nests almost exclusively in living pine trees. These birds excavate nests in pines greater than 60
years old that are contiguous with open, pine dominated, foraging habitat. The foraging range of the
RCW may extend 500 acres and must be contiguous with suitable nesting sites.
Living pines infected with red-heart disease (Formes pint) are often selected for cavity excavation because
the inner heartwood is usually weakened. Cavities are located from 12 to 100 feet above ground level and
below live branches. These trees can be identified by "candles," a large encrustation of running sap that
surrounds the tree. Colonies consist of one to many of these candle trees. The RCW lays its eggs in April,
May, and June; the eggs hatch approximately ten to 12 days later.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Suitable habitat for RCW does not exist within the project area. No old growth pine stands are present in
the project area. The pines that are present in the project area exhibit a thick understory which is not
preferred by this species. Natural Heritage Program maps were reviewed on November 19, 2002 to
determine if any protected species have been identified at or near the project area. This map review
confirmed that no RCWs are located within a two-mile radius of the project site. Proposed project
construction will not impact this species.
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Federal Status: Threatened (Proposed for Delisting)
State Status: Threatened
The bald eagle is a very large bird of prey that ranges in size from 32 inches to 43 inches tall and has a
wingspan of more than six feet. Adult body plumage is dark brown to chocolate-brown with a white head
and tail, while immature birds are brown and irregularly marked with white until their fourth year. They
are primarily associated with large bodies of water where food is plentiful. Eagle nests are found in close
proximity to water (usually within one-half mile) with a clear flight path to the water. Nests are made in
the largest living tree within the area, with an open view of the surrounding land. Human disturbance can
cause nest abandonment. Nests can be as large as six feet across and are made of sticks and vegetation.
These platform nests may be used by the same breeding pair for many years. Breeding begins in
December or January and the young remain in the nest at least ten weeks after hatching. Bald eagles eat
mostly fish robbed from ospreys or picked up dead along shorelines. They may also capture small
mammals such as rabbits, some birds, wounded ducks, and carrion.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
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Appropriate habitat for bald eagles was not found in the project area. As of July 6, 1999, this species is
currently under consideration by the USFWS for proposed de-listing of the threatened status. However,
this raptor will still be protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle
Protection Act. Populations will continue to be monitored for at least another five years under provisions
of the Endangered Species Act. Bald eagles are a year-round and transient species in North Carolina.
Therefore, this species will not be impacted as a result of project construction.
Dwarf wedge mussel (Alasmidonta heterodon)
Federal Status: Endangered
State Status: Endangered
The dwarf wedge mussel is relatively small, rarely exceeding 1.5 inches in length. The shell's outer surface
is usually brown or yellowish brown in color, with faint green rays that are most noticeable in young
specimens. Unlike some mussel species, the male and female shells differ slightly, with the female being
wider to allow greater space for egg development. A distinguishing characteristic of this mussel is its
dentition pattern: the right valve possesses two lateral teeth, while the left valve has only one. This trait is
opposite of all other North American species having lateral teeth (Clark, 1981). This mussel inhabits
creeks and rivers that have a slow to moderate current with a sand, gravel, or muddy bed. These streams
must be nearly silt free in order to support dwarf wedge mussels.
The dwarf wedge mussel is considered to be a long-term brooder, with gravid females reportedly
observed in fall months. Like other freshwater mussels, this species' eggs are fertilized in the female by
sperm that are taken in through their siphons as they respire. The eggs develop within the female's gills
into larvae (glochidia). The females later release these glochidia, which then attach to the gills or fins of
specific host fish species. Based on anecdotal evidence, such as dates when gravid females are present or
absent, it appears that release of glochidia occurs primarily in April in North Carolina (Michaelson and
Neves, 1995). While the USFWS notes that the host fish species is unknown, evidence indicates that an
anadromous fish which migrates from ocean waters to fresh waters for spawning may be the likely host
species (USFWS, 1990). However, recent research has confirmed at least three potential fish host species
for the dwarf-wedge mussel in North Carolina to be the tessellated darter, Johnny darter, and mottled
sculpin (Michaelson, 1995). These fish species are found in Atlantic coast drainages of North Carolina.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Suitable habitat for the dwarf wedge mussel is not available within the project area. The proposed
roadway construction occurs within the headwaters of Long Branch and Northeast Creek UT, which are
subject to low- or no-flow conditions and currently exhibit conditions of sedimentation from erosion.
Potential fish host species may not be available within the project area. Therefore, this species will not be
impacted due to project construction.
Michaux's sumac (Rhus michauxir)
Federal Status: Endangered

State Status: Endangered - Special Concern
Michaux's sumac is a rhizomatous, densely hairy shrub, with erect stems from one to three feet in height.
The compound leaves contain evenly serrated, oblong to lanceolate, acuminate leaflets. Most plants are
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unisexual; however, more recent observations have revealed plants with both male and female flowers on
one plant. The flowers are small, borne in a terminal, erect, dense cluster, and colored greenish-yellow to
white. Flowering usually occurs from June to July; while the fruit, a red drupe, is produced through the
months of August to October. Only 36 extant populations are known, with 31 in North Carolina, three
in Virginia, and two populations in Georgia (USFWS, 2002).
Michaux's sumac grows in sandy or rocky open woods in association with basic soils. It spreads by
producing cloning shoots from the roots of mature plants. Apparently, this plant survives best in areas
where some form of periodic disturbance provides open areas. At least twelve of the plant's populations
in North Carolina are on highway rights-of way, roadsides, or on the edges of artificially maintained
clearings (USFWS, 2002).
Biological Conclusion: Not Likely to AdverselyAffect
Natural Heritage Program maps were reviewed on November 19, 2002 and October 30, 2003 to
deternne if any protected species have been identified at or near the project area. This map review
confirmed that no populations of Michaux's sumac are located within a two-mile radius of the project
site. Pedestrian surveys were completed at the project site in November 2002 and June 2003 to determine
if suitable habitat exists in the project area and to search for any potential protected species in the project
corridor.
Suitable habitat for Michaux's sumac does not exist in much of the project area. The mapped soil units
across the open areas of the project site include soils with a firm clay layer near the soil surface. Since
Michaux's sumac spreads by clonal shoots from root systems, the firm clay layers in these areas would
not provide suitable habitat for this plant. A few small forested areas with scattered canopy openings and
disturbed areas along the upland forest edges may provide minimally suitable habitat for Michaux's
sumac. A survey was conducted at the site during the optimum search period identified by the USFWS as
May to October. No specimens of Michaux's sumac were found during the survey. The USFWS Raleigh
field office provided concurrence in a letter dated July 29, 2003 that project construction is not likely to
adversely affect Michaux's sumac. A copy of this letter is included in Appendix A.
Smooth coneflower (Echinacea laevigata)
Federal Status: Endangered
State Status: Endangered - Special Concern
Smooth coneflower is a rhizomatous perennial herb that grows up to five feet tall from a vertical root
stock. The stems are smooth, with few leaves. The largest leaves are the basal leaves, which reach eight
inches in length and three inches in width, have long stems, and are elliptical to broadly lanceolate,
tapering to the base, and smooth to slightly rough. Mid-stem leaves have shorter stems or no stems and
are smaller in size than the basal leaves. The rays of the flowers (petal-like structures) are light pink to
purplish, usually drooping, and two to 3.2 inches long. Flower heads are usually solitary, with flowering
occurring from May through July (USFWS, 2002). The species is now known to survive only in Virginia,
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Six populations survive in North Carolina. The North
Carolina populations are in Durham and Granville Counties.
The habitat of smooth coneflower is open woods, cedar barrens, roadsides, clearcuts, dry limestone
bluffs, and power line easements, usually on magnesium- and calcium-rich soils associated with limestone
(in Virginia), gabbro (in North Carolina and Virginia), diabase (in North Carolina and South Carolina),
and marble (in South Carolina and Georgia). Optimal sites are characterized by abundant sunlight and
3-22 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment

1

little competition in the herbaceous layer (Gaddy, 1991). Natural fires, as well as large herbivores, are part
of the history of the vegetation in this species' range (USFWS, 2002).
Biological Conclusion: Not Likely to AdverselyAffect
Pedestrian surveys were completed at the project site in November 2002 and June 2003 to determine if
suitable habitat exists in the project area and to search for any potential protected species in the project
corridor. This survey included maintained open areas associated with the power line easement and open
areas within the forest. While the mapped soil units for the project area do not include those considered
to provide optimal habitat for smooth coneflower, the power line easement is considered appropriate
habitat for this plant. A survey was conducted along the power line easement during the optimum search
period identified by the USFWS as late May to October. No specimens of smooth coneflower were
found during the survey. The USFWS Raleigh field office provided concurrence in a letter dated July 29,
2003 that project construction is not likely to adversely affect smooth coneflower. A copy of this letter is
included in Appendix A.
3.6.5 FEDERAL SPECIES OF CONCERN AND STATE PROTECTED
SPECIES
Federal Species of Concern (FSC) are not legally protected under the Endangered Species Act and are
not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7. Species designated as FSC are defined as taxa
which may or may not be listed in the future. These species were formerly Candidate 2 (C2) species or
species under consideration for listing for which there is insufficient information to support listing.
Species identified as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern (SC) by the North Carolina Natural
Heritage Program (NCNHP) list of rare plant and animal species are afforded state protection under the
State Endangered Species Act and the North Carolina Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979.
' Table 3-3 provides FSC and state protected species for Durham and Wake Counties, as well as a
determination on suitable habitat within the study area. Information presented was obtained from the
NCNHP Durham and Wake County species lists last updated January 2004.

ii

' Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005
3-23

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On occasion, NCNHP records differ from USFWS records. Sometimes a species may be listed by one
agency and not the other, or there may be discrepancies in whether the species record is considered
Historic or Obscure. The USFWS listing is deferred to in this report for species spellings and listings as
FSCs. Both agency records are noted in the table regarding Historic and Obscure status.
3.7 AIR QUALITY
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) under the Clean Air Act of 1990 (CAA) for six pollutants considered harmful to
public health and the environment: carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PMio
and PMa.S), ozone, and sulfur oxides. States are directed to implement the CAA through development of
an EPA approved State Implementation Plan (SIP).
Wake County is in violation of the NAAQS and is classified as a non-attainment county for ozone (03)
and carbon monoxide (CO) in the North Carolina SIP. Non-attainment areas are subject to
"transportation conformity," which requires local transportation and air quality officials to coordinate
planning to ensure that transportation projects do not affect an area's ability to reach clean air goals.
However, due to improved monitoring data, Wake County was re-designated as "maintenance" for 03 on
June 17, 1994 and "maintenance" for CO on September 18, 1995.
The most prevalent pollutant emitted from motor vehicles is carbon monoxide (CO). Carbon monoxide
(CO) is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced by incomplete burning of carbon in fuels.
Exposure to elevated levels of CO can cause impairment of visual perception, manual dexterity, learning
ability and performance of complex tasks. Since highway motor vehicles are a substantial source of CO
emissions, CO monitoring in urban areas is focused on traffic-oriented sites.
A microscale air quality analysis was performed in the project area to determine future CO
concentrations resulting from the proposed roadway improvements (SEPI, 2004). Various residential and
commercial receptor sites were studied, and modeling was performed on the anticipated worst-case
receptor site, the intersection of Hopson Road and Louis Stephens Drive. The computer model
CAL3QHC (2.0) -A Modeling Methodology for Predicting Pollutant Concentrations Near Roadway Intersections was
used for the analysis. Carbon monoxide vehicle emission factors were calculated for the build and future
design years using the EPA's Mobile Source Emission Factors and the MOBILESB computer model.
The predicted one-hour average CO concentrations for the build and future design years were 3.24 and
3.06 ppm, respectively. Comparison of the predicted concentrations with NAAQS indicates that no
violations of the maximum permitted one-hour CO standard of 35 ppm will occur. The NAAQS
maximum CO concentration permitted for an eight-hour period is nine ppm. Since the worst-case
prediction for the proposed project is less than 9 ppm, it can be concluded that the eight-hour average
will be less than nine ppm. Results of the CO analysis indicate that the proposed project will conform to
the North Carolina SIP. The project is not expected to create an adverse effect on air quality.
3.8 NoisE
To determine if highway noise levels are compatible with various land uses, the Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) has developed noise abatement criteria and procedures for use in the planning
and design of highways. These abatement criteria and procedures are in accordance with Title 23 Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 772, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration, Procedures forAbatement of Highway Trafc Noise and Construction Noise. One factor for
considering traffic noise mitigation is when future noise levels either approach or exceed the criteria
levels for each activity category. For the proposed project, the identified receptors are residential
(Category B) and business (Category C).
3-28 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment
n
1

1

1
1
1
1

1
An analysis was performed to determine if the proposed project would substantially increase noise in the
area and require noise abatement measures (Mulkey, 2004). The analysis focused on traffic noise, which is
a composite of noises from a vehicle's engine exhaust, drive train, and tire-roadway interaction.
The magnitude of noise is described by fluctuations in atmospheric pressure called sound pressures. Since
the range of sound pressure varies greatly, a logarithmic scale is used to relate sound pressures to some
common reference level, usually the decibel (db). Sound pressures described in decibels are called sound
pressure levels and are often defined in terms of frequency-weighted scales (A, B, C, or D).
The weighted-A scale is used for vehicle noise measurements because it places emphasis on the frequency
characteristics that correspond to human subjective response to noise. Sound levels measured by this
method are expressed as dBA. Sound pressure levels are referred to as Leq (h), or equivalent sound level,
which is the level in dBA of constant sound that would contain the same acoustic energy in an hour as
the actual sound, which varies over time. This allows the fluctuating sound levels of traffic noise to be
represented in terms of a steady noise level with the same energy content.
Ambient noise levels were measured at Hopson Road, 500 feet east of Innovation Drive; NC 55, 950 feet
south of South Alston Avenue; and at the office building at Louis Stephens Drive and Development
Drive. Noise levels as measured in dBA were 64.4, 68.1, and 50.9 respectively. The Traffic Noise Model
(TNM) was used to determine the number of land uses (by type) which would be impacted during the
peak hour in the design year 2030. Receptor locations were selected at 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and
1,600 feet from the center of the near traffic lane (adaptable to both sides of the roadway). The result was
a grid of receptor points along the project alignment. Using this grid, noise levels were calculated for each
identified receptor along the project.
The Leq traffic noise exposures for all receptors in close proximity to the project are listed in Table 3-4.
Ambient noise levels ranged from 40.0 dBA to 65.4 dBA. These receptors are not expected to experience
substantial increases in traffic noise because of the proposed project. Seven of the receptors received a
substantial increase in the No-Build Alternative. These receptors have impacts under the No-Build
Alternative because of the increased traffic volumes along the NC 55 corridor without the project.
Several receptors realize a decrease in noise volumes with the proposed project because the horizontal
alignment shifts traffic away from these receptors.
In addition, the maximum extent of the 67 dBA and the 72 dBA noise level contours and the predicted
noise levels at 50, 100, and 200 feet were calculated for Louis Stephens Drive and Hopson Road. The
extent of the 67 dBA noise level contour is used to assess the exposure impacts of residential land uses
since receptors located within the 67 dBA noise level approach or exceed the FHWA NAC for Category
B land use activities. The extent of the 72 dBA noise level contour is used to assess the exposure impacts
of Category C land uses. Based on the contours, no substantial increase in exterior traffic noise levels for
the project's identified receptors is expected. Therefore, no noise abatement measures are recommended.
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005 3-29
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005
Table 3-4. Traffic Noise Level Increase Summary

Receptor
I.D.

Receptor
Land Use

Receptor
Category
Ambient
Noise
Level Maximum
Predicted
Noise
Level
Noise
Level
Increase No-Build
Maximum
Predicted
Noise Level No-Build
Noise
Level
Increase
(dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA)
1 Business C 59.2 32.9 -26.3 74.0 14.8
2 Business C 52.3 33.9 -18.4 66.2 13.9
3 Business C 62.5 33.4 -29.1 78.4 15.9
4 Business C 55.3 34.3 -21.0 69.4 14.1
5 Business C 65.4 37.5 -27.9 81.8 16.4
6 Residence B 54.7 43.9 -10.8 69.4 14.7
7 Business C 55.4 48.5 -6.9 70.3 14.9
8 Business C 40.0 48.3 8.3 43.0 3.0
9 Business C 42.9 52.2 9.3 53.1 10.2
10 Business C 40.0 44.1 4.1 47.5 7.5
11 Business C 43.5 50.5 7.0 54.4 10.9
12 Business C 40.0 37.0 -3.0 43.0 3.0
3.9 PERMITS
WATERS OF THE UivirEO STATES
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires regulation of discharges into "Waters of the United States."
The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is the principal administrative agency of the Clean
Water Act; however, the USACE has the responsibility for implementation, permitting, and enforcement
of the provisions of the Act. The USACE regulatory program is defined in 33 CFR 320-330.
Water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and streams are subject to jurisdictional consideration under the
Section 404 program. Wetlands are also identified as "Waters of the United States." Wetlands, defined in
33 CFR 328.3, are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a
frequency and duration sufficient to support, and under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence
of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Any action that proposes to place fill
into these areas falls under the jurisdiction of the USACE under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33
U.S.C. 1344).
Section 401 of the Clean Water Act grants authority to individual states for regulation of discharges into
"Waters of the United States." Under North Carolina General Statutes, 113A "Pollution Control and
Environment" and codified in NCAC 15A, the NCDWQ has the responsibility for implementation,
permitting, and enforcement of the provisions of the Act.
3-30 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment

I SURFACE WATERS
The NCDWQ defines a perennial stream as a clearly defined channel that contains water for the majority
' of the year. These channels usually have some or all of the following characteristics: distinctive stream
bed and bank, aquatic life, and groundwater flow or discharge. Long Branch, Kit Creek, Northeast Creek,
and their unnamed tributaries are the streams identified in the project vicinity. Long Branch and one
unnamed tributary are the only perennial surface waters located within the project boundaries. Detailed
stream characteristics, including specific water quality designations, are presented in Section 3.5.5.
According to a USFWS letter dated December 2, 2002, there are no in-stream construction moratoriums
' for the proposed project area (see Appendix A).
JURISDICTIONAL WETLANDS
Wetlands are defined by the USACE as those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or
groundwater long enough and frequently enough under normal conditions to support a prevalence of
vegetation adapted for life in saturated soil conditions (Environmental Laboratory, 1989). Based on this
' definition, delineation of jurisdictional wetlands is based on the presence of three diagnostic indicators:
hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and hydrology.
Wetlands were delineated for the project area (Mulkey, 2004c). Three small wetland areas were identified
in the project corridor during February 2003; however these wetlands are either non-jurisdictional or
avoided by the project (see Section 3.6).

IMPACTS TO WATERS OF THE L.INITED STATES
Impacts to "Waters of the United States" come under the jurisdiction of the USACE. The USACE issues
general and individual permits. Nationwide permits (NWP) are a type of general permit used throughout
the United States that authorize certain activities considered routine that are expected to have minimal
environmental consequences. Regional general permits are specific to the Wilmington District for waters
' and wetlands of North Carolina, and the associated conditions are established by the District. These
permits are issued for specific activities that are expected to have a limited environmental impact.
Individual permits are generally reserved for projects with potential for substantial environmental
' impacts. This permit requires a full public interest review, including public notices and coordination with
involved agencies, interested parties, and the general public. When impacts to streams or wetlands cannot
be avoided, a permit application may be required by the Wilmington District. The type of activity, the
extent of the impacts, and the specific environment impacted will be considered by the Wilmington
' District before a determination is made to issue a permit, the requirements attached to the permit, and
the type of permit to be issued.
' Permits are required for roadway encroachment into jurisdictional wetlands and surface waters. The
USACE issues NWP 14 for authorizing construction, expansion, modification, or improvement of linear
transportation crossings (e.g., highways, railways, trails, and airport runways and taxiways) in Waters of
' the United States, including wetlands, when impacts to non-tidal waters are less than 0.5 acres or less
than 300 linear feet (USACE, 2003). The Raleigh regulatory field office reviews and approves permit
applications for Durham and Wake Counties. On March 3, 2001 the USACE issued a NWP 14 for the
91-acre project area located between Hopson Road and Davis Drive in Research Triangle Park. This
permit is identified by Action ID 200120436 and 200120437 and has an expiration date of July 31, 2005.
The permit authorizes 1,042 linear feet of stream channel impacts. A copy of the permit is included in
Appendix A. Proposed Louis Stephens Drive will cross Long Branch and the UT to Northeast Creek.
The proposed project would pipe the streams under the road. Approximately 650 feet of stream channel
will be impacted (see Appendix C, RTF6 Sheet 5).

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U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005
3-31
In addition to any permits issued by the USACE, a Section 401 General Water Quality Certification is
required for bridge and roadway construction activities which may result in a discharge into Waters of the
United States or for which an issuance of a federal permit or license is required. Section 401 certifications
may also require that extended detention wetlands, bio-retention areas, and ponds followed by forested
filter strips and non-erosive velocities and diverse flow of stormwater be constructed as part of the
stormwater management plan when work occurs in watersheds within one mile and draining to 303(d)
listed waters. Certifications are administered through the North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (NCDENR), Division of Water Quality. The NCDWQ issued a waiver of 401
Water Quality Certification on March 23, 2001 for DWQ Project No. 01-0053. A total of 1,062 linear feet
of stream impacts are authorized under this waiver.
Under North Carolina Administrative Code 15A, Chapter 4, the North Carolina Division of Land
Resources (NCDLR) requires a sediment and erosion control permit for land disturbing activities. All
sediment and erosion control plans must identify site areas subject to severe erosion and off-site areas
especially vulnerable to damage from erosion and sedimentation, control surface water run-off, limit the
size of the area exposed at any one time, and avoid increases in velocities of storm water discharge. All
temporary and permanent erosion and sedimentation control measures as required by the approved plan
must be maintained for the duration of the project work.
An NPDES permit is required for all wastewater discharges to surface waters in the state. There are two
categories of NPDES wastewater discharge permits: individual permits and general permits. As of March
10, 2003, Phase II of the North Carolina storm water program requires general permits for point source
discharges of stormwater from construction activities disturbing one or more acres of land. The general
permits for construction projects are distributed by the NC Division of Land Resources (or approved
local program) as a part of the erosion and sedimentation control plan approval process (NCDWQ,
2003).
3.1 O MITIGATION
The USACE has adopted, through the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), a mitigation policy
which embraces the concepts of "no net loss of wetlands" and sequencing. The purpose of this policy is
to restore and maintain the chemical, biological, and physical integrity of Waters of the United States,
specifically wetlands. Mitigation of wetland impacts has been defined by the CEQ to include: avoidance
of impacts (to wetlands), minimizing impacts, rectifying impacts, reducing impacts over time, and
compensating for impacts (40 CFR 1508.20). Each of these three aspects (avoidance, minimization, and
compensatory mitigation) must be considered in sequential order.
Avoidance mitigation examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting impacts to Waters of
the United States. According to a 1990 Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the USEPA and
the USACE, in determining "appropriate and practicable" measures to offset unavoidable impacts, such
measures should be appropriate to the slope and degree of those impacts and practicable in terms of cost,
existing technology, and logistics in light of overall project purposes. The following methods are
suggested to avoid adverse impacts to Waters of the United States.
• Consideration of all alternative courses of action, including a No-Build alternative.
• Within constraints related to the purpose and need of the project, and where possible, move
roadway alignment away from surface waters and wetlands.
Minimi.Zation includes the examination of appropriate and practicable steps to reduce the adverse impacts
to Waters of the United States. Implementation of these steps will be required through project
modifications and permit conditions. Minimization typically focuses on decreasing the footprint of the
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proposed project through the reduct
shoulder widths. The following methods are suggested to minimize adverse impacts to Waters of the
' United States:
• Strictly enforce Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control sedimentation during project
' construction.
• Clearing and grubbing activity should be minimized.
' • Decrease or eliminate discharges into Northeast Creek UT and Long Branch and its
tributaries.
' ¦ Reestablishment of vegetation on exposed areas with judicious pesticide and herbicide
management.
' • Minimization of "in-stream" activity.
• Use responsible litter control practices.
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ons
Compensatory mitigation includes restoration, enhancement, or creation for wetland and stream
and values that are lost when these systems are converted to other uses. Compensatory mitigation is not
normally considered until anticipated impacts to Waters of the United States have been avoided and
' minimized to the maximum extent possible. It is recognized that "no net loss of wetland" functions and
values may not be achieved in each and every permit action. Appropriate and practicable compensatory
mitigation is required for unavoidable adverse impacts which remain after all appropriate and practicable
minimization has been required.
It is the decision of the USACE and NCDWQ to require mitigation for impacts associated with project
construction. The USACE usually requires compensatory mitigation for activities authorized under
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act when unavoidable impacts total more than 0.10 acres of wetlands or
150 linear feet of perennial or intermittent streams. The NCDWQ may require compensatory mitigation
for activities authorized under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act for unavoidable impacts to more than
0.5 acres of wetlands or more than 150 linear feet of perennial or intermittent streams.

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3.1 1 CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS
Short-term construction impacts may occur in the areas of water quality, natural resources, noise, and air
quality. In addition to the methods to minimize impacts to water quality described in Section 3.10,
potential construction-related impacts can be minimized by adherence to the following established
construction methods:
All materials resulting from clearing and grubbing, demolition or other operations will be
removed from the project, burned or otherwise disposed of by the contractor. Any burning will
be done in accordance with the applicable local laws and ordinances and regulations of the
North Carolina SIP for air quality in compliance with 15 NCAC 2D .0520. Care will be taken to
ensure burning will be done at the greatest distance practical from dwellings and not when
atmospheric conditions are such as to create a hazard to the public. Burning will be performed
under constant surveillance.
¦ Measures will be taken to reduce the dust generated by construction when the control of dust is
necessary for the protection and comfort of motorists or area residents.
Louis Stephens Drive Extension
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Date Printed: 2/1/2005
The major construction elements of this project are expected to be earth removal, hauling,
grading, and paving. General construction noise impacts such as temporary speech interference
for passersby and those individuals living or working near the project, can be expected
particularly from paving operations and from earth-moving equipment during grading
operations. Noise construction impacts during project construction are of short duration and
transmission loss characteristics of surrounding wooded areas and other natural and man-made
features will moderate the effects of intrusive construction noise. Such noise will be limited to
daylight hours as much as possible.
¦ Provisions will be taken during construction to prevent erosion, sedimentation, and construction
damage to forested areas outside of the right-of-way and construction limits. Trees outside of the
construction limits should be protected from construction activities to prevent skinning tree
trunks by heavy equipment, exposing roots, and smothering trees from fill dirt around the base.
¦ Strict adherence to the sedimentation and erosion control plan will be required, including
limiting areas and duration of exposed earth and stabilizing exposed areas as quickly as possible.
¦ Traffic service in specific areas of the project may be subject to brief disruptions during
construction. Measures will be taken to maintain the flow of traffic as dictated by NCDOT
specifications and the approved Traffic Control Plan.
3.1 2 SECONDARY AND CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources, in 15A NCAC 1C .0101 Conformity with North
Carolina Environmental Policy Act, Statement of Purpose, Policy and Scope, defines "Cumulative Effects" as those
effects resulting "from the incremental impact of the proposed activity when added to other past,
present, and reasonably foreseeable future activities regardless of what entities undertake such other
activities." Cumulative effects can result when activities taking place over time are collectively significant,
even when individually those activities are minor. The Code defines "Indirect Effects" as those effects
"caused by and resulting from the proposed activity although they are later in time or further removed in
distance, but they are still reasonably foreseeable."
The proposed project includes the extension of Louis Stephens Drive and Hopson Road in Southern
Research Triangle Park for a total length of approximately 1.5 miles. Land use policies for this area are
governed by Durham County and Wake County. The Wake County Land Use Plan (2003) classifies the area
surrounding the project as a Multi-County Regional Activity Center. This classification consists of land
uses considered a primary job base for metropolitan areas and that are major commercial centers. The
Durham City-County Planning Department's Triangle Township Plan (1993) notes the major zoning district
within the project area as Research Applications. Developable land is present within the project area.
Traffic volumes on Louis Stephens Drive are expected to increase from an estimated 5,900 AADT in
2005 to 12,800 AADT in 2030. Hopson Road traffic volumes are projected to increase from 11,200
AADT in 2005 to 34,600 AADT in 2030. Implementation of the proposed project will improve traffic
flow by providing an alternative to existing routes.
The potential for project-induced land use changes for research development is high. It is likely under
both the Build and No-Build Alternatives that the available developable land in the project area would, at
some point in the future, convert to research-type facility use. However, the proposed project makes the
available locations more easily accessible and attractive from a development standpoint. Development
that occurs because of the proposed project is expected to result in positive socioeconomic impacts such
as increased tax base and new employment possibilities.
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' Resources sensitive to potential indirect and cumulative effects of the proposed project include the
surface waters of Long Branch and the UT to Northeast Creek. Standards for WS-IV Water Supply
' Watersheds and Nutrient Sensitive Waters apply to development in the project area. Durham and Wake
Counties implement land use and development controls designed to control densities and provide for
stream protection buffers through measures such as erosion control and stormwater runoff control.
Section 1.8.1 lists several planned road improvement projects planned for the southern RTP vicinity that
are listed in the 2004 - 2010 NCDOT TIP.
' The proposed project is located in an area designated for business development in the Research Triangle
Park. Proximity to urban employment centers, planned extension of utilities, proximity to housing, and
easy access to major transportation corridors, including NC 55 and I-40, contribute to the project's
' potential to induce of influence growth and development. The proposed extension of Louis Stephens
Drive and the realignment and extension of Hopson Road will enhance the attractiveness of the
surrounding area for development. Land use controls and regulations are in place that, if properly
' enforced, can minimize and/or avoid potential indirect and cumulative impacts to water quality.
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4.0 COMMENTS AND COORDINATION
4.1 AGENCY COORDINATION
' This project was coordinated with appropriate federal, state, and local agencies. A list of agencies
contacted for comments via scoping letters is provided below. An asterisk indicates that a written
response was received. Comments and concerns expressed were incorporated into this document, and
' copies of responses received are included in Appendix A.
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers* (phone conversation)
' U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service*
United States Geological Survey
' Natural Resources Conservation Service
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
North Carolina Division of `dater Quality* (permit correspondence)
' State Historic Preservation Office*
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program*
' Durham County Manager
' Durham County Emergency Medical Services
City of Durham
' Wake County Manager
' City of Raleigh
4.2 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
' A project newsletter was distributed in July 2003 (see Appendix A). The newsletter was sent to
individuals and agencies on the project mailing list, including property owners in the project vicinity, to
introduce the project and to announce a citizens informational workshop.
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The NCDOT, in cooperation with RTF, held a citizens informational workshop for the proposed proje
on August 21, 2003 from 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. in Research Triangle Park. In addition to the workshop
announcement in the project newsletter, the citizens informational workshop was advertised in the local
' newspaper. The purpose of the workshop was to introduce the project's environmental study, discuss
concerns, receive comments, and answer questions on the corridor and other aspects of the study. The
format for the workshop was informal. A sign-in sheet and comment forms were located at the entrance.
' Copies of the newsletter were also available. Several project boards were displayed for citizens to view.

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Other than workshop staff, only one person registered at the citizens informational workshop. The local
business owner offered both written and verbal comments regarding his concern about how the project
would affect safe truck access from NC 55 for the weekly delivery of compressed gas cylinders and dry '
ice to his business (Triangle Environmental Services, Inc.). As a result of the comments, the proposed
project was modified to include new driveway access from Hopson Road to his business.

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APPENDIX A - AGENCY CORRESPONDENCE
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United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
July 29, 2003
Ms. Cindy Carr
Mulkey, Inc
P.O. Box 33127
Raleigh, NC 27636
Dear Ms. Carr:
'• v
This letter is in response to your letter of July 10, 2003 which provided the. U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service) with the biological conclusion of Mulkey, Inc. that the proposed
extension of Louis Stephens Drive from the intersection of Development Drive to Hopson Road
and the realignment and extension of Hopson Road to NC 55 in Durham and Wake Counties,
North Carolina, is not likely to adversely affect the federally protected smooth coneflower
(Echinacea laevigata) or Michaux's sumac (Rhus michazwz). These continents are provided in
accordance withsection 7 of the Endangered Species -Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended (16 U. S.C.
1531-1543).
During a July 28, 2003 telephone conversation between you and W. Gary Jordan, it was revealed
that there is no federal funding for this project. However, a permit is-required from theU.S.
Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Section 7 of the ESA requires that consultation occur
between the federal action agency and the Service. Since the Federal Highway Administration is
not involved in this project, the USACE becomes the federal action agency. However, you stated
in the July 28 phone conversation that the USACE permit(s) have already been obtained.
Based on the negative results of the surveys, and on additional information provided via
telephone, the Service supports the conclusion that the project is not likely to adversely affect
either the smooth coneflower or Michaux's sumac. For future consultation correspondence, .the
Service recommends that biographical information on the field researchers doing the surveys be
included to allow the Service to validate the qualifications of those conducting surveys.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to review this project. If you have any questions
regarding our response, please contact Mr. Gary Jordan at [phone] (Ext. 32).
Sincerely,
Garland B. Pardue, Ph.D.
Ecological Services Supervisor

cc: Eric Alsmeyer, USACE, Raleigh, NC
David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington, NC
ENT OF '
: United=States Department of the Intenor
t y 90 . .FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
f_ Raleigh Field. Office - t^
e
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North-Carolina 27636-3726
' RCH 3
-December 2, 2002 -------------------
Mr. Tommy Register
Barbara H. Mulkey Engineering, Inc.
6750 Tryon Road
Cary, North Carolina 27511.
Dear Mr. Register:
' This letter is in response to your request for comments from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(Service) on the potential environmental impacts of the proposed extension of Louis Stephens
' Drive from the intersection of Development Drive to Hopson Road, and the realignment and
extension of Hopson Road to NC 55 in Durham County, North Carolina. These comments
provide scoping information in accordance with provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination
Act (16 U.S.C. 661-667d) and section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as
amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543).
The project site was field inspected by Mr. Gary Jordan on November 25, 2002. The site is
mostly a dry upland forest with mixed oaks and pine. This site is part of a relatively large forest
tract that provides excellent habitat for a variety of upland species of wildlife.. For example,
' several wild turkeys were flushed during the site inspection. This forested area is large enough
to support some forest interior species such as some-breeding neotropical migratory birds. A
' light timber harvest had been conducted in recent years in a portion of the project area. The
Hopson Road extension would occur in or adjacent to a maintained power line right-of-way
which keeps the vegetation in an early successional stage. It appears that the road extensions
would only.cross one stream, the intermittent headwaters of Long branch. The National
Wetlands Inventory map does not indicate any wetlands in the project area, nor were any
observed during the site inspection.
For this road improvement and extension project, the Service recommends the following general
conservation measures to avoid-or minimize environmental impacts to fish and wildlife
' resources:
11. Forest impacts should be avoided and minimized to the maximum extent practical. Areas
exhibiting high biodiversity or ecological value important to the watershed or region
should be avoided. Proposed highway projects should be aligned along or adjacent to
' existing roadways, utility corridors or other previously. disturbed areas in order to
minimize habitat loss and fragmentation;

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2. Crossings of streams should occur on a bridge structure wherever feasible. Bridges
should be long enough to allow for sufficient wildlife passage along stream corridors.
Where bridging is not feasible, culvert structures that maintain natural water flow and
hydraulic regimes without scouring or impeding fish and wildlife passage should be
employed;
3. Bridges or culverts should be designed to avoid any fill that will result in damming or
constriction of the channel or flood plain;
4. Bridge designs should include provisions for roadbed and deck drainage to flow through
a vegetated buffer prior to reaching the affected stream. This buffer should be large
enough to alleviate any potential effects from run-off of storm water and pollutants;
5. Best Management Practices (BMP) for Protection of Surface Waters should be
implemented.
There are three federally protected species in Durham County - bald eagle (Haliaeetus
leucocephalus), Michaux's sumac (Rhus michauxii) and smooth coneflower (Echinacea
laevigata). Although the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) database .does not
indicate any known occurrences of these species near the project vicinity, use of the NCNHP
data should not be substituted for actual field surveys if suitable habitat occurs near the project
site. Information about the habitats in which these species is often found is provided on our web
site, h.ttp://en.dangered.fws.gov. Special attention should be given to the power line right-of-
way, as it appears that potential habitat exists there for Michaux's sumac and smooth coneflower.
All survey documentation must include survey methodologies and results.
We reserve the right to review any federal permits that may be required for this project, at the
public notice stage. Therefore, it is important that resource agency coordination occur early in
the planning process in order to resolve any conflicts that may arise and minimize delays in
project implementation. In addition to the above guidance, we recommend that the
environmental documentation for this project include the following in sufficient detail to
facilitate a thorough review of the action:
A clearly defined and detailed purpose and need for the proposed project, supported by
tabular data, if available, and including a discussion of the project's independent utility;
2. A description of the proposed action with an analysis of all alternatives being considered,
including the upgrading of existing roads and a "no action" alternative;
3. A description of the fish and wildlife resources, and their habitats, within the project
. impact area that may be directly or indirectly affected;
4. The extent and acreage of waters of the U.S., including wetlands, that are to be impacted
by filling, dredging, clearing, ditching, or draining. Acres of wetland impact should
be differentiated by habitat type based on the wetland classification scheme of the

National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). Wetland boundaries should be determined by using
the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual and verified by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers;
' 5. The anticipated environmental impacts both temporary and permanent that
would be
t likely to occur as a direct result of the proposed project. The assessment should also
include the extent to which the proposed project would result in secondary impacts to
natural resources, and how this and similar projects contribute to cumulative adverse
' effects;
6. Design features and construction techniques which would be employed to avoid or
minimize the L-agmentation or direct loss of wildlife habitat;
7. Design features, construction techniques, or any other mitigation measures which would
be employed at wetland crossings and stream channel relocations to avoid or
minimize impacts to waters of the US; and,
' 8. If unavoidable wetland or stream impacts are proposed, project planning should include a
detailed compensatory mitigation plan for offsetting the unavoidable impacts.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment' on this project. Please continue to advise us
during the progression of the planning process, including your official determination of the
impacts of this project. If you have any questions regarding our response, please contact Mr.
Gary Jordan at [phone] (Ext. 32).
Sincerely,
Garland B. Pardue, Ph.D.
Ecological Services Supervisor
cc: Eric Alsmeyer, USACE, Raleigh, NC
' John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh, NC
David Cox, NCWRC, Northside, NC
Chris Militscher, USEPA, Raleigh, NC

1 Quun ?'
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
Michael F. Easley, Governor
' Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary
' December 11, 2002
Mr. Tommy Register, Project Manager
' Barbara H. Mulkey Engineering, Inc.
6750 Tryon Road
Cary, NC 27511
Division of Historical Resources
David J. Olson, Director
' Re: Louis Stephens Drive Extension and Realignment and Extension of Hopson Road to NC 55
Wake County, ER02-11440
' Dear Mr. Register:
Thank you for your letter of November 1, 2002 concerning the above project.
' We have conducted a review of the proposed undertaking and are aware of no historic resources
which would be affected by the project. Therefore, we have no comment on the undertaking as
' proposed.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
' and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106
codified at 36 CFR Part 800.

Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763. In all
future corntnunication concerning -his project, please cite the above referenced tracking number.
Sincerely,
avid Brook
DB:doc
' Administration
Restoration
Survey & Planning
Location
507 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC
515 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC
515 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC
Mailing Address Telephone/Fax
4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4617 [phone] •733-8653
4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4613 [phone].715-4801
4618 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4618 [phone] 9715-4801
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RCDENR,
North Carolina Department of-Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Parks and Recreation
Michael F. Easley, Governor William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary Philip K. McKnelly, Director
November 6, 2002
Mr. Tommy Register
Barbara H. Mulkey Engineering, Inc.
6750 Tryon Road
Cary, North Carolina 27511
SUBJECT: Rare Species, High_ Quality Natural Communities, and Significant
Natural Heritage Areas Near the Louis Stephens Drive extension,
Durham & Wake Counties,' NC 1-
Dear:
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NC NHP) does not have records for rare species,
high quality natural communities, or significant natural heritage areas (SNHAs ) at the Louis
Stephens Drive extension, Durham & Wake Counties, NC. Although our maps do not show
records of such natural heritage elements in the project area, it does not necessarily mean that they
are not present. It may simply mean that the area has not been surveyed.
There is an historical record for Veined skullcap (Scutellaria nervosa), state Significantly Rare-
Peripheral, within 0.5 mile of the project.
You may wish to check the NC NHP web page at http://www.ncsparks.net/Dhp/search.htm] for a
listing of rare plants and animals and significant natural communities in the county.and on the
topographic quad maps. The use of Natural Heritage Program data should not be substituted for
actual field surveys, particularly if the project area contains suitable habitat for rare species,
significant natural communities, or priority natural areas.
Please contact me at 919/715-8700 if you have. questions or need more information.
' Sincerely,
' ame L. Amoroso, Botanist
Natural Heritage Program
/JLA
' 1615 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1615
Phone: [phone] \ Fax: [phone] \ Internet: www.ncspark-s.net
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11/17/2003 13:54 FAX
r U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS copy L
Wilmington District
Action ID: 200120435 & 200120437 County: Durham & Wake
GENERAL PERNIIT (REGIONAL AND NATIONWIDE) VERIFICATION
Property
Owner Research Triangle Foundation
Attn: Elizabeth Rooks
Address Post Office Box 12255
Research Triangle Park. NC 27709
Telephone Number 919-549-8181
Authorized
Agent Soil & Environmental Consultants, Tnc.
Attn: Kevin Martin
Address 11010Raven Ridge Road
Raleieh, NC 27614
Telephone Number 919-845-5900
Size and Location of Property (waterbodvtillighwsv, name/number, town, etc.): The project site is
approximately. 91 acres in size and is located between Hopson Road (SR 1978) and Davis Drive (SR
1999) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The site is adjacent to Long Branch and Kit Creek,
above headwaters, in the. Cape Fear River Basin.
Description of Activity: This permit authorizes mechanized laddelearing, excavation, installation of
culverts, and the placement of fill associated with the construction of Louis Stephens Drive. Permanent
impacts to wetlands and waters auaorzed by this permit total 1,042 linear feet of stream channel (768
linear feet of important channel). Please note that this permit verification reauthorizes proposed impacts
as previously authorized by nationwide permit on March 3, 2001, with no changes to the proposed plans.
See attached special conditions.
Applicable Law: }C Section 444 (Clean Water Act, 33 USC 1344) only.
Section 10 (River and Harbor Act of 1899) only.
Authorization: Regional General Permit Number
14 Nationwide Permit Number
Any violation of the conditions of the Regional General or Nationwide Permit referenced above may
subject the permittee to a stop work order, a restoration order, and/or appropriate legal action.
This Department of the Army Regional General Permit or Nationwide Permit verification does not
relieve the permittee of the responsibility to obtain any other required Federal, State, or local
approvals/permits: The permittee may need to contact appropriate State and local agencies before
beginning work. If you have any questions regarding the Corps of Engineers regulatory program,
please contact Todd _Tu evv ll at telephone number 919 8Z6 - 8441 extension 25
Regulatory Project Manager
Authorization Date July 31, 2003 Expiration Date July-31, 2005

1

SURVEY PLATS, FIELD SKETCH, WETLAND DELINEATION FORM, ETC., MUST BE ATTACHED
TO THE YELLOW (FILE) COPY OF THIS FORM, IF REQUIRED OR AVAILABLE. ,
'' AUG - 4 2003 1! I1?
11/1'1/2003 13:54 FAX
16003...
Action ID: 200120436 & 200120437 County: Durham & Wake
Special Conditions
1. Construction of the South hoop road across an unnamed tributary of Kit Creek immediately southeast of
Davis Drive shall utilize an arch culvert with no discharge of fill material, placement of riprap,
realignment, or other impact within the banks of the stream channel. If impacts are required at this
crossing location (either from placement of riprap for stabilization or erosion control, construction of a
temporary crossing, or a modification to the plan requiring the use of standard culverts) a permit
modification (either for nationwide or individual permit authorization) must be submitted to authorize the
impacts.
2. Mitigation for the impact to 768 linear feet of important stream channel as proposed in the permit }
application dated January 17, 2001, shall be carried out prior to or concurrent with construction within '
jurisdictional waters of the U.S. A•final mitigation plan, including the proposed preservation mechanism,
plan view showing the reach of stream to be restored, and description of the techniques proposed to be
used in the restoration, shall be approved by the Corps prior to construction of the mitigation site. :'

0) WA
h 17 -7 Michael F. Easley
rFR ?"`
`CCU QG c? ?? f j r`i Governor
vj 9 C?, i • , :, William G. Ross. Jr.. Secretary
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
MAR ? 9 -121 Karr T. Stevens
Division of Water Quality
1
' March 23, 2001
1 Durham and Wake Counties
DWQ Project# 01-0053
WAIVER of 401 Water Quality Certification
1
Elizabeth H. Rooks
Planning and Development, Research Triangle Park
1 P.O. Box 12255
Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
1 Dear Ms. Rooks:
Your application for a 401 Water Quality Certification was received in the Division of Water Quality's
Central Office January 18, 2001. According to our rules [15A NCAC 2H .0507 (A)], if final action is not taken
' within 60 days, the Certification is waived unless DWQ has objected in writing to your application. Therefore,
DWQ has waived the requirement for a 401 Water Quality Certification for your plains to impact 1062 linear feet
of streams for the Louis Stephens Drive and South Loop Road project as described in your application.
' However if additional impact occurs or your development plains change, this waiver is no longer valid
and a 401 Water Quality Certification will be required.
'. Please call me at 919-733-9646 if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
1
n.R. orn
' Cc: DWQ Raleigh Regional Office
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District Office Corps of Engineers
File Copy
Jennifer Burdette, 11010 Raven Ridge Road, Raleigh, NO, 27614
' 010053

North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certillcatlon Unit,
i5W Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699.1650 (Mailing Address)
2327 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27504-2250 (Location)
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APPENDIX B - LIST OF REFERENCES AND TECHNICAL
' REPORTS

E

' Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005 B-1
0
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 2000. E 1527-00 Standard Practice for Environmental Site
Assessments. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process. West Conshohocken, PA.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 2000. E1528-00 Standard Practice for Environmental Site
Assessments. Transaction Screen Process. West Conshohocken, PA.
Avery, Thomas E. and Harold E. Burkhart. 1983. Forest Measurements, Third Edition. McGraw-Hill Book
Company, New York, NY.
Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2002. Transportation Plan Update 2025. World Wide
Web: www.raleigh-nc.org/campo.
Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization. 1997, Revision #3 adopted 11-3-00. Thoroughfare
Plan Map for CAMPO.
Cary Comprehensive Transportation Plan - Final Report. Town of Cary. World Wide Web:
www.townofcary.org.
Cary Emergency Medical Services. 1/7/04. Personal communication with Chief of EMS Steve Cohen,
919-380-6909.
Cawthorne, Joel W. 1970. Soil Survey of Wake County. Soil Conservation Service, United States Department
of Agriculture. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
City of Raleigh. 2004. World Wide Web: www.raleigh-nc.org.
Conant R., and J. T. Collins, 1998. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North
America. Third Edition, Expanded. Peterson Field Guides. Houghton Mifflin Publishers, New
York, NY.
Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C. Golet and E. T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepsvater
Habitat of the United States. Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior.
US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2002. Draft Metropolitan Transportation
Improvement Plan. World Wide Web: www.dchc-mpo.org.
Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2002. 2025 Long Range Transportation
Plan. World Wide \X7eb: www.dchc-mpo.org.
Durham City-County Planning Department. 2004. Durham Zoning Ordinance. World Wide Web:
http://www.d.durham.nc.us/departmcnts/planning/zoneord.
Durham City-County Planning Department. 2003. Durham Comprehensive Plan.
Durham City-County Planning Department. 1993. Triangle Township Plan.
Durham County Government. 2004. World Wide Web: http://Nvww.co.durham.nc.us.
Durham County Public Schools. 2004. World Wide Web: http://www.dpsnc.net.
B-2 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment
1 Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corp of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual; Technical Report Y-87-1.
United States Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
' Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2002. Flood Insurance Rate Maps, Map Service
Center. World Wide Web: http://webl.msc.fema.gov/
' webapp/commerce/command/ExecMacro/MSC/macros/catdisp_p.d2w/report?msc_prodtype
=P&msc_media=SCAN&msc_state=13040&.msc_cty=14912&msc_comm=28495. Accessed on
November 18, 2002.
' Kirby, Robert M. 1971. Soil Survey of Durham County. Soil Conservation Service, United States Department
of Agriculture. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
' Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr., 1980 et seq.
Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina Museum of Natural History, North
Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC. North Carolina Biological Survey #1980-12.

Martof, Bernard S., William M. Palmer, Joseph R. Bailey, Julian R. Harrison, and Jack Dermid, 1980.
Amphibians and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia. The University of North Carolina Press.
Chapel Hill, NC.
Mulkey Engineers & Consultants. 2003. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, RTF-6 and RTF-7, Proposed
Extension of Louis Stephens Drive from the Intersection of Development Drive to Hopson Road, and the
Realignment and Extension of Hopson Road to NC 55. Cary, NC.
Mulkey Engineers & Consultants. 2004. Noise Analysis, U441OD, Durham & Wake Counties, Louis Stephens
Drive Extension from Development Drive to North of Hopson Road. Cary, NC.
Mulkey Engineers & Consultants. 2004b. Traffic Capacity and Analysis Report, Louis Stephens Drive Extension
and Hopson Road Realignment. Cary, NC.
Mulkey Engineers & Consultants. 2004c. Natural Resources Technical Report, Proposed Extension of Louis
Stephens Drive from the Intersection of Development Drive to Hopson Road, and the Realignment and Extension
of Hopson Road to NC 55. Cary, NC.
North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC). 1999. Subchapter 11 - Forest Practice Guidelines Related
to Water Quality, Section .0100. 15A NCAC 11.0102. Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Department of Commerce, Economic Development Information System. 2003.
http: / /cmedis.comtnerce. state.nc.us/countyprofiles /profile. cfm.
North Carolina Department of Transportation. 2004-2090 Transportation Improvement Program. World Wide
Web: www.ncdot.org. .
North Carolina Department of Transportation. Secondary Roads Database.
http://apps.dot.state.nc.us/srlook-up/SecondaryRoads.aspx.
North Carolina Department of Transportation. Transitnet. World Wide Web:
http://www.ncdot.org/transit/transitnet/
North Carolina Department of Transportation. Traffic Engineering and Safety Systems Branch. 2000-
2002 Three Year Crash Rates for Highway Division #5. World Wide Web:
http: / /www. doh. dot.state.nc.us /preconstruct/ traffic/safety/ses/rates/rates.html
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005 B-3

North Carolina Division of Land Resources (NCDLR). 1985. Geologic Map of North Carolina. North
Carolina Geological Survey, Raleigh, NC.
B-4
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ). 2002. NC WaterQualiy Assessment and Impaired
Waters List (2002 Integrated 305(b) and 303(d) Report), Public Review Draft, June 2002.
Modeling and TMDL Unit, Raleigh, NC. World Wide Web:
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/trndl/PDFs/nc2k-list.pdf. Accessed on December 16, 2002.
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDvVQ). 2000. Cade Fear River Basinwide WaterQualiy Plan.
Water Quality Section, Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ). 1999. Internal Guidance Manual, Stream Classification
Method, 2nd version. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division
of Environmental Management; Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ). 1995b. Guidance for Rating the Values of Wetlands in
North Carolina - 411, Version. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Division of Environmental Management; Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Rail Division, North Carolina Department of Transportation, correspondence from
Bryan Edwards dated November 27, 2002.
North Carolina State University (NCSU). 1999. Soil Systems in North Carolina. Technical Bulletin 314. Soil
Science Department, Raleigh, NC.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell, 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. University of
North Carolina Press, Chapel HE, NC.
Raleigh-Durham International Airport. 2004. World Wide Web: www.rdu.com.
Research Triangle Foundation of North Carolina. 2003. Southern Portion Conceptual Development Plan. World
Wide Web: www.rtp.org.
Research Triangle Park. 2004. About Us: Park History. World Wide Web: http://www.rtp.org.
Schafale, M. P. and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina, A Third
Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation,
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Raleigh, NC.
SEPI Engineering Group. 2004. AirQualiyAnalysis, Louis Stephens Drive Extension and Hopson Road
Realignment and Extension, Durham and Wake Counties, North Carolina. Cary, NC.
Stokes, Donald and Lillian. 1996. Stokes Field Guide to Birds, Eastern Region. Little, Brown, and Company,
New York, NY.
The News and Observer. Raleigh, NC. Tuesday, March 12, 2002.
Transportation Research Board. 2000. Highway Capacity Manual. National Research Council, Washington,
D.C.
Triangle Transit Authority. 2004. World Wide Web: www.ndetta.org.
Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment

Wake County Government. 2004. World Wide Web: http://www.wakegov.com.
' Wake County Planning Department. 2003 (update in progress). Wake County Land Use Plan.
Wake County Public School System. 2004. World Wide Web: http://www.wcpss.net.
' Webster, W. D., J. F. Parnell, and W. C. Biggs, Jr. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland.
University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.

http://www.nc.nres.usda.gov/programs/soilsurvey/primefarmland.html USDS NRCS North Carolina,
Important Farmlands of North Carolina, 1998
1

1
u

1
Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/1/2005 B-5
11

F

Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension '
E-6
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment '
APPENDIX C - PRELIMINARY PLANS

l

i

' Louis Stephens Drive Extension Document Date: 1/26/2005
U-4410 D Environmental Assessment Date Printed: 2/l/2005 C-1

C_2 Document Date: 1/26/2005 Louis Stephens Drive Extension
Date Printed: 2/1/2005 U-4410 D Environmental Assessment

,,PROJECT: LOUIS STEPHENS DRIVE
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